+++ /dev/null
- 2/14/2011
- ---------
-[bash-4.2 released]
-
- 2/15
- ----
-lib/glob/gmisc.c
- - fix wmatchlen and umatchlen to avoid going past the end of the
- string on an incomplete bracket expression that ends with a
- NUL. Partial fix for bug reported by Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
- 2/16
- ----
-subst.h
- - new string extract flag value: SX_WORD. Used when calling
- extract_dollar_brace_string to skip over the word in
- ${param op word} from parameter_brace_expand
-
-subst.c
- - change parameter_brace_expand to add SX_WORD to flags passed to
- extract_dollar_brace_string
- - change parameter_brace_expand to use SX_POSIXEXP for all non-posix
- word expansion operators that treat single quotes as special, not
- just % and #
- - change extract_dollar_brace_string to initialize dolbrace_state to
- DOLBRACE_WORD if SX_WORD flag supplied and we shouldn't use
- DOLBRACE_QUOTE. Fixes bug reported by Juergen Daubert <jue@jue.li>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document the exact expansions here strings undergo
-
- 2/17
- ----
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - make sure that `dd', `cc', and `yy' call vidomove_dispatch from
- rl_domove_read_callback. Fixes bug reported by Clark Wang
- <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - make sure _rl_internal_char_cleanup is called after the
- vi-motion callbacks (rl_vi_domove_callback) in rl_callback_read_char.
- Companion to above fix
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - make sure that the text describing the rhs of the == and =~
- operators to [[ states that only the quoted portion of the pattern
- is matched as a string
-
- 2/18
- ----
-lib/glob/gmisc.c
- - better fix for umatchlen/wmatchlen: keep track of the number of
- characters in a bracket expression as the value to increase
- matchlen by if the bracket expression is not well-formed. Fixes
- bug reported by Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
-subst.c
- - change expand_string_for_rhs so that it sets the W_NOSPLIT2 flag
- in the word flags. We will not perform word splitting or quote
- removal on the result, so we do not want to add quoted nulls if
- we see "" or ''. Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger
- <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 2/19
- ----
-variables.c
- - new function, int chkexport(name), checks whether variable NAME is
- exported and remakes the export environment if necessary. Returns
- 1 if NAME is exported and 0 if not
- - call chkexport(name) to get tzset to look at the right variable in
- the environment when modifying TZ in sv_tz. Don't call tzset if
- chkexport doesn't indicate that the variable is exported
-
-variables.h
- - new extern declaration for chkexport
-
-
-{parse.y,builtins/printf.def}
- - call sv_tz before calling localtime() when formatting time strings
- in prompt strings or using printf. Fixes bug reported by
- Dennis Williamson <dennistwilliamson@gmail.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - modify fix of 2/9 to add casts when those variables are passed to
- functions; some compilers throw errors instead of warnings. Report
- and fix from Joachim Schmitz <jojo@schmitz-digital.de>
-
-support/shobj-conf
- - add a stanza for nsk on the Tandem from Joachim Schmitz
- <jojo@schmitz-digital.de>
-
-{shell,lib/readline/shell}.c
- - Tandem systems should use getpwnam (getlogin()); for some reason
- they don't do well with using getuid(). Fix from Joachim Schmitz
- <jojo@schmitz-digital.de>
-
- 3/1
- ---
-variables.c
- - make sure that the return value from find_variable is non-null
- before trying to use it in chkexport. Fixes bug reported by
- Evangelos Foutras <foutrelis@gmail.com>
-
- 3/3
- ---
-parse.y
- - when adding $$ to the current token buffer in read_token_word(),
- don't xmalloc a buffer for two characters and then strcpy it, just
- copy the characters directly into the token buffer. Fix from
- Michael Whitten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix expand_word_unsplit to add the W_NOSPLIT2 flag to the word to
- be expanded, so "" doesn't add CTLNUL. Similar to fix of 2/18 to
- expand_string_for_rhs. Fixes bug reported by Nathanael D. Noblet
- <nathanael@gnat.ca> and Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
-
-parse.y
- - fix extended_glob case of read_token_word to allocate an extra
- space in the buffer for the next character read after the extended
- glob specification if it's a CTLESC or CTLNUL. Report and fix from
- Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
- - fix shell expansions case of read_token_word to allocate an extra
- space in the buffer for the next character read after the shell
- expansion if it's a CTLESC or CTLNUL. Report and fix from
- Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
- - TENTATIVE: fix read_token_word to reduce the amount of buffer space
- required to hold the translated and double-quoted value of $"..."
- strings. Report and fix from Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
- - change code around got_character and got_escaped_character labels to
- make sure that we call RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER before adding the
- CTLESC before a CTLESC or CTLNUL, and before adding the character if
- we're not adding a CTLESC. Report and fix from
- Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
-
-subst.c
- - new param flags value, PF_ASSIGNRHS, mirrors W_ASSIGNRHS, noting that
- parameter expansion is on rhs of assignment statement. That inhibits
- word splitting
- - change param_expand to call string_list_dollar_at with quoted == 1
- if PF_ASSIGNRHS is set, so it will quote IFS characters in the
- positional parameter before separating them with the first char of
- $IFS. This keeps the rhs from being split inappropriately. Fixes
- bug reported by Andres Perera <andres.p@zoho.com>
-
- 3/4
- ---
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - add a missing free of `names' in rl_function_dumper. Bug report
- and fix from Michael Snyder <msnyder@vmware.com>
-
- 3/5
- ---
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - change rl_deprep_terminal so it uses fileno (stdin) for the tty fd
- if rl_instream is not set, like rl_prep_terminal
-
- 3/6
- ---
-lib/readline/display.c
- - fix rl_message to use a dynamically-allocated buffer instead of a
- fixed-size buffer of 128 chars for the `local message prompt'. Bug
- report and fix from Micah Cowan <micah@cowan.name>
-
- 3/7
- ---
-jobs.c
- - add sentinel to wait_sigint_handler so it only sets wait_sigint_received
- if waiting_for_child is non-zero; otherwise, it restores the old
- SIGINT handler and sends itself the SIGINT
- - set waiting_for_child around the calls to waitchld that use it to
- synchronously wait for a process
- - change logic that decides whether or not the child process blocked
- or handled SIGINT based on whether or not waitpid returns -1/EINTR
- and the shell receives a SIGINT and the child does not exit. If
- the child later exits due to SIGINT, cancel the assumoption that it
- was handled
- - instead of testing whether or not the child exited due to SIGINT
- when deciding whether the shell should act on a SIGINT it received
- while waiting, test whether or not we think the child caught
- SIGINT. If it did, we let it go (unless the shell has it trapped);
- if it did not catch it, the shell acts on the SIGINT. Fix from
- Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>, bug report originally
- from Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
-
- 3/8
- ---
-shell.c
- - initialize no_line_editing to 1 if READLINE is not defined -- we
- can't have line editing without readline
-
- 3/12
- ----
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - add SIGHUP to the set of signals readline handles
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - document that SIGHUP is now part of the set of signals readline
- handles
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - if _rl_caught_signal indicates that read() was interrupted by a
- SIGHUP or SIGTERM, return READERR or EOF as appropriate
- - call rl_event_hook, if it's set, if call to read in rl_getc
- returns -1/EINTR. If rl_event_hook doesn't do anything, this
- continues the loop as before. This handles the other fatal
- signals
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - add a couple of QUIT; calls to execute_disk_command and
- execute_simple_command to improve responsiveness to interrupts
- and fatal signals
-
-input.c
- - rearrange getc_with_restart so that the return values from read()
- are handled right
-
-parse.y
- - don't need to set terminate_immediately in yy_stream_get, since
- getc_with_restart checks for terminating signals itself
- - since readline returns READERR on SIGHUP or SIGTERM, don't need
- to set terminate_immediately. Still doesn't handle other
- signals well -- will have to check that some more
-
-bashline.c
- - new function, bash_event_hook, for rl_event_hook. Just checks for
- terminating signals and acts on them using CHECK_TERMSIG.
- - set rl_event_hook to bash_event_hook
-
-builtins/read.def
- - take out setting terminate_immediately; add calls to CHECK_TERMSIG
- after read calls
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - move the text describing the effect of negative subscripts used to
- reference indexed array elements to the paragraphs describing
- ${parameter[subscript]}, since that's where they are implemented.
- Pointed out by Christopher F. A. Johnson <cfajohnson@gmail.com>
-
-arrayfunc.[ch],subst.c
- - array_expand_index now takes a new first argument: a SHELL_VAR *
- of the array variable being subscripted. Can be used later to fully
- implement negative subscripts
-
- 3/14
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - fix mbskipname to not turn the directory entry name into a wide char
- string if the conversion of the pattern to a wide char string fails
- - fix mbskipname to call skipname if either the pattern or the filename
- can't be converted into a wide-char string
-
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c
- - fix xdupmbstowcs2 to handle return value of 0 from mbsnrtowcs and
- short-circuit with failure in that case. Fixes bug reported by
- Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 3/15
- ----
-bashline.c
- - new variable, bash_filename_quote_characters to store the value
- assigned to rl_filename_quote_characters so it can be restored
- if changed.
- - change bashline_reset and attempt_shell_completion to restore
- rl_filename_quote_characters if not set to default
-
- 3/22
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - wdequote_pathname falls back to udequote_pathname if xdupmbstowcs
- fails to convert the pathname to a wide-character string
-
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c
- - xdupmbstowcs2: change to fix problem with leading '\\' (results in
- nms == 0, which causes it to short-circuit with failure right
- away). Fixes bug pointed out by Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>
- - xdupmbstowcs2: compensate for mbsnrtowcs returning 0 by taking the
- next single-byte character and going on
- - xdupmbstowcs2: change memory allocation to increase by WSBUF_INC
- bytes; try to avoid calls to realloc (even if they don't actually
- result in more memory being allocated)
-
- 3/24
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - slightly modify BASH_SUBSHELL description based on complaint from
- Sam Liddicott <sam@liddicott.com>
-
- 3/25
- ----
-trap.c
- - change free_trap_strings to not call free_trap_string for signals
- that are being ignored, like reset_or_restore_signal_handlers.
- Fixes bug reported by Satoshi Takahashi <blue3waters@gmail.com>
-
- 3/26
- ----
-lib/readline/rltypedefs.h
- - remove old Function/VFunction/CPFunction/CPPFunction typedefs as
- suggested by Tom Tromey <tromey@redhat.com>
-
-lib/readline/rlstdc.h
- - move defines for USE_VARARGS/PREFER_STDARG/PREFER_VARARGS from
- config.h.in to here because declaration of rl_message in
- readline.h uses the defines. This makes it hard for another packages
- to use after the header files are installed, since config.h is not
- one of the installed files. Suggested by Tom Tromey
- <tromey@redhat.com>
-
- 3/27
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - change indirection_string from a static buffer to a dynamic one
- managed by indirection_level_string(), so we don't end up truncating
- PS4. Suggested by Dennis Williamson <dennistwilliamson@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/shell.c
- - change sh_set_lines_and_columns to use static buffers instead of
- allocating the buffers to pass to setenv/putenv
-
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - change _rl_get_screen_size to not call sh_set_lines_and_columns if
- ignore_env == 0
- - _rl_sigwinch_resize_terminal: new function to just retrieve terminal
- size, ignoring environment
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new external declaration for _rl_sigwinch_resize_terminal() (currently
- unused)
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - rl_sigwinch_handler: set _rl_caught_signal to SIGWINCH
- - rl_sigwinch_handler: don't immediately call rl_resize_terminal; just
- leave _rl_caught_signal set for RL_CHECK_SIGNALS to handle
- - _rl_signal_handler: call rl_resize_terminal if sig == SIGWINCH.
- Should fix hang when sending multiple repeated SIGWINCH reported by
- Henning Bekel <h.bekel@googlemail.com>
-
- 3/29
- ----
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - include math.h for any defines for isinf/isnan
- - use code from gnulib documentation to implement isinf/isnan if they
- are not defined
-
-configure.in
- - don't check for isinf or isnan; c99 says they're macros anyway
-
-config.h.in
- - remove defines for ISINF_IN_LIBC and ISNAN_IN_LIBC, no longer used
- by snprintf.c
-
- 4/2
- ---
-braces.c
- - brace_gobbler: fix to understand double-quoted command substitution,
- since the shell understands unquoted comsubs. Fixes bug reported
- by Michael Whitten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - include <pc.h> on MDOS
- - get and set screen size using DJGPP-specific calls on MSDOS
- - move cursor up clear screen using DJGPP-specific calls
- - don't call tputs on DJGPP; there is no good terminfo support
-
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - include <pc.h> on MDOS
- - get and set screen size using DJGPP-specific calls on MSDOS
- - use DJGPP-specific initialization on MSDOS, zeroing all the
- _rl_term_* variables
- - don't call tputs on DJGPP; there is no good terminfo support
- DJGPP support from Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
-
- 4/6
- ---
-
-config-top.h
- - change DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE to something more useful and modern
-
- 4/8
- ---
-tests/printf2.sub
- - make sure LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE are set so LANG assignment takes effect.
- Reported by Cedric Arbogast <arbogast.cedric@gmail.com>
-
- 4/11
- ----
-include/chartypes.h
- - fix a couple of dicey defines (though ones that don't cause any
- compiler warnings) in IN_CTYPE_DOMAIN
-
-doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1}
- - add note referring to duplicating file descriptors in sections
- describing redirecting stdout and stderr and appending to stdout
- and stderr. Suggested by Matthew Dinger <mdinger.bugzilla@gmail.com>
-
-pcomplete.c
- - it_init_helptopics: new function to support completing on help topics,
- not just builtins
- - it_helptopics: new programmable completion list of help topics
- - build list of helptopic completions in gen_action_completions on
- demand
-
-pcomplete.h
- - new extern declaration for it_helptopics
-
-builtins/complete.def
- - the `helptopic' action now maps to CA_HELPTOPIC intead of CA_BUILTIN,
- since there are more help topics than just builtins. Suggested by
- Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
- 4/12
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - fix print_arith_for_command to add a call to PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS
- before ending the body of the command, so heredocs get attached to
- the right command instead of to the loop. From gentoo bug 363371
- http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=363371
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change coproc_pidchk to unset the appropriate shell variables when
- the (currently single) known coproc pid terminates
- - cleanup and new functions to fully support multiple coprocesses when
- and if I decide to go there
-
- 4/13
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - fix print_group_command to add a call to PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS
- after call to make_command_string_internal before printing closing
- `}'
- - fix make_command_string_internal to add a call to
- PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS after recursive call to
- make_command_string_internal in case cm_subshell before printing
- closing `)'
-
- 4/14
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - change overlapping strcpy in named_function_string to memmove
-
-sig.h
- - UNBLOCK_SIGNAL: convenience define, same as UNBLOCK_CHILD, just
- restores an old signal mask
-
-trap.c
- - set_signal: instead of setting the signal handler to SIG_IGN while
- installing the new trap handler, block the signal and unblock it
- after the new handler is installed. Fixes bug reported by Roman
- Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 4/15
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - make it clear that enabling monitor mode means that all jobs run in
- separate process groups
-
- 4/18
- ----
-builtins/fc.def
- - update fix of 4/15/2010 to not take saved_command_line_count into
- account when stepping down the history list to make sure that
- last_hist indexes something that is valid. Fixes bug reported by
- <piuma@piumalab.org>
-
- 4/19
- ----
-builtins/fc.def
- - fc_gethnum: make sure the calculation to decide the last history
- entry is exactly the same as fc_builtin. Fixes bug uncovered by
- fix of 4/18 to stop seg fault
-
- 4/22
- ----
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - change _rl_enable_meta_key to set a flag indicating that it sent the
- enable-meta sequence
- - _rl_disable_meta_key: new function to turn off meta mode after we
- turned it on with _rl_enable_meta_key
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - extern declaration for _rl_disable_meta_key
-
-configure.in
- - if not cross-compiling, set CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD from any CFLAGS inherited
- from the environment. Fixes HP/UX build problem reported by
- "Daniel Richard G." <skunk@iSKUNK.ORG>
-
- 4/26
- ----
-config-top.h
- - define MULTIPLE_COPROCS to 0 so the code is still disabled but easy
- to enable via configure option or editing this file
-
- 4/29
- ----
-lib/sh/eaccess.c
- - freebsd provides faccessat, with the same misfeature as their eaccess
- and access implementations (X_OK returns true for uid==0 regardless
- of the actual file permissions), so reorganize code to check the
- file permissions as with eaccess. Report and fix from Johan Hattne
- <johan.hattne@utsouthwestern.edu>
-
- 5/2
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - add forward reference to `Pattern Matching' from `Pathname
- Expansion', suggested by Greg Wooledge <wooledg@eeg.ccf.org>
-
- 5/5
- ---
-pcomplib.c
- - the bash_completion project now distributes over 200 completions
- for various programs, with no end in sight, so increase the value
- of COMPLETE_HASH_BUCKETS from 32 to 128
-
-pathexp.c
- - quote_string_for_globbing: make sure CTLESC quoting CTLESC is
- translated into \<CTLESC> even if the flags include QGLOB_REGEXP.
- We don't want to process the second CTLESC as a quote character.
- Fixes bug reported by Shawn Bohrer <sbohrer@rgmadvisors.com>
-
- 5/6
- ---
-builtins/printf.def
- - change PRETURN to not call fflush if ferror(stdout) is true
- - if a call to one of the stdio functions or printstr leaves
- ferror(stdout) true, and PRETURN is going to be called, let PRETURN
- print the error message rather than doubling up the messages. Fixes
- problem reported by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 5/9
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - add note to the effect that lists inside compound command can be
- terminated by newlines as well as semicolons. Suggested by
- Roman Byshko <rbyshko@gmail.com>
-
- 5/10
- ----
-subst.c
- - remove_quoted_nulls: fix problem that caused it to skip over the
- character after a CTLNUL, which had the effect of skipping every
- other of a series of CTLNULs. Fixes bug reported by
- Marten Wikstrom <marten.wikstrom@keystream.se>
-
- 5/11
- ----
-subst.c
- - extract_process_subst: add SX_COMMAND flag to call to
- extract_delimited_string, since we're expanding the same sort of
- command as command substitution. Fixes bug reported in Ubuntu
- bug 779848
-
- 5/12
- ----
-configure.in
- - set the prefer_shared and prefer_static variables appropriately
- depending on the value of $opt_static_link
-
-aclocal.m4
- - AC_LIB_LINKFLAGS_BODY: change to not prefer shared versions of the
- libraries it's searching for if the prefer_shared variable is "no".
- Fixes problem reported by Cedric Arbogast <arbogast.cedric@gmail.com>
-
- 5/13
- ----
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - _rl_internal_teardown: add call to _rl_disable_meta_key to make the
- meta key active only for the duration of the call to readline()
- - _rl_internal_setup: move call to _rl_enable_meta_key here from
- readline_initialize_everything so the meta key is active only for
- the duration of the call to readline(). Suggestion from Miroslav
- Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
-
-builtins/help.def
- - help_builtin: change strncmp to strcmp so that `help read' no longer
- matches `readonly'. Suggested by Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
-config.h.in
- - add define for GLIBC21, checked using jm_GLIBC21 as part of the tests
- for libintl
-
-lib/malloc/malloc.c
- - internal_free: don't use the cached value of memtop when deciding
- whether or not to adjust the break and give memory back to the kernel
- when using the GNU C library, since glibc uses sbrk for its own
- internal purposes. From Debian bug 614815, reported by Samuel
- Thibault <samuel.thibault@gnu.org>
-
-aclocal.m4
- - BASH_STRUCT_WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET: change AC_RUN_IFELSE to AC_TRY_RUN
- to avoid warning about not using AC_LANG_SOURCE
-
- 5/14
- ----
-bashline.[ch]
- - two new functions, bashline_set_event_hook and bashline_reset_event_hook,
- to set rl_event_hook to bash_event_hook and back to NULL, respectively
- - don't set rl_event_hook unconditionally
-
-sig.c
- - termsig_sighandler: if the shell is currently interactive and
- readline is active, call bashline_set_event_hook to cause
- termsig_handler to be called via bash_event_hook when the shell
- returns from the signal handler
-
- 5/15
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - _rl_col_width: Mac OS X has a bug in wcwidth: it does not return 0
- for UTF-8 combining characters. Added workaround dependent on
- MACOSX. Fixes problem pointed out by Thomas De Contes
- <d.l.tDecontes@free.fr>
-
- 5/16
- ----
-lib/readline/rlmbutil.h
- - WCWIDTH: wrapper for wcwidth that returns 0 for Unicode combining
- characters on systems where wcwidth is broken (e.g., Mac OS X).
-
-lib/readline/{complete,display,mbutil}.c
- - use WCWIDTH instead of wcwidth
-
- 5/17
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - update_line: after computing ofd and nfd, see whether the next
- character in ofd is a zero-width combining character. If it is,
- back ofd and nfd up one, so the base characters no longer compare
- as equivalent. Fixes problem reported by Keith Winstein
- <keithw@mit.edu>
-
-lib/readline/nls.c
- - _rl_utf8locale: new flag variable, set to non-zero if the current
- locale is UTF-8
- - utf8locale(): new function, returns 1 if the passed lspec (or the
- current locale) indicates that the locale is UTF-8. Called from
- _rl_init_eightbit
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - extern declaration for _rl_utf8locale
-
-locale.c
- - locale_utf8locale: new flag variable, set to non-zero if the current
- locale is UTF-8 (currently unused)
- - locale_isutf8(): new function, returns 1 if the passed lspec (or the
- current locale) indicates that the locale is UTF-8. Should be called
- whenever the locale or LC_CTYPE value is modified
-
-aclocal.m4
- - BASH_WCWIDTH_BROKEN: new test for whether or not wcwidth returns
- zero-width characters like unicode combining characters as having
- display length 1; define WCWIDTH_BROKEN in this case
-
-config.h.in
- - WCWIDTH_BROKEN: new define
-
-lib/readline/rlmbutil.h
- - change WCWIDTH macro to use _rl_utf8locale and the full range of
- Unicode combining characters (U+0300-U+036F)
-
- 5/19
- ----
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_search_context: new member, prevc, will hold character read
- prior to lastc
-
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: if the character causes us to index into
- another keymap, save that character in cxt->prevc
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: if we index into another keymap, but don't
- find a function that's special to i-search, and the character that
- caused us to index into that keymap would have terminated the
- search, push back cxt->prevc and cxt->lastc to make it appear as
- if `prevc' terminated the search, and execute lastc as a command.
- We have to push prevc back so we index into the same keymap before
- we read lastc. Fixes bug report from Davor Cubranic
- <cubranic@stat.ubc.ca>
-
- 5/20
- ----
-expr.c
- - expr_bind_variable: pay attention to the return value from
- bind_variable and check whether or not we should error out due to
- a readonly or noassign variable. Fixes bug reported by Eric
- Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
-
- 5/26
- ----
-
-lib/readline/search.c
- - include histlib.h for ANCHORED_SEARCH defines
- - rl_history_search_flags: new variable, holds ANCHORED_SEARCH flag for
- the duration of a history search
- - rl_history_search_reinit: takes a new flags variable, defines whether
- or not the search is anchored; assigned to rl_history_search_flags
- - rl_history_serarch_reinit: if ANCHORED_SEARCH flag passed, add ^ to
- beginning of search string; otherwise search string is unmodified
- - rl_history_search_internal: set rl_point appropriately based on
- whether or not rl_history_search_flags includes ANCHORED_SEARCH
- - rl_history_substr_search_forward: new function, for non-anchored
- substring search forward through history for string of characters
- preceding rl_point
- - rl_history_substr_search_backward: new function, for non-anchored
- substring search backward through history for string of characters
- preceding rl_point. Original code from Niraj Kulkarni
- <kulkarniniraj14@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - extern declarations for rl_history_substr_search_{for,back}ward
-
-lib/readline/funmap.c
- - history-substring-search-forward: new bindable command, invokes
- rl_history_substr_search_forward
- - history-substring-search-backward: new bindable command, invokes
- rl_history_substr_search_backward
-
-lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3}
- - document history-substring-search-forward and
- history-substring-search-backward
-
- 5/27
- ----
-{nojobs,jobs}.c
- - add support for DONT_REPORT_SIGTERM so that the shell doesn't print
- a message when a job exits due to SIGTERM since that's the default
- signal sent by the kill builtin. Suggested by Marc Herbert
- <mark.herbert@gmail.com>
-
-config-top.h
- - DONT_REPORT_SIGTERM: new user-modifiable setting. Commented out
- by default
-
- 5/28
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - _rl_skip_to_delim: skip to a closing double quote or other delimiter,
- allowing backslash to quote any character, including the delimiter
- - rl_parse_and_bind: call _rl_skip_to_delim instead of using inline
- code
- - rl_parse_and_bind: allow quoted strings as the values of string
- variables. Variable values without double quotes have trailing
- whitespace removed (which still allows embedded whitespace, for
- better or worse). Fixes problem with string variables not matching
- in `set' command if values happen to have trailing spaces or tabs
- (debian bash bug #602762), but introduces slight incompatibility.
-
- 5/29
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - clarify unset description to specify that without options, a
- variable, then a shell function if there is no variable by that
- name, is unset. Fixes discrepancy reported by Mu Qiao
- <qiaomuf@gentoo.org>
-
- 6/4
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - clarify description of LINES and COLUMNS (and checkwinsize shopt
- option) to make it clear that only interactive shells set a
- handler for SIGWINCH and update LINES and COLUMNS. Original
- report submitted by Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - expand_compound_array_assignment: defer expansion of words between
- parens when performing compound assignmnt to an associative array
- variable
- - assign_compound_array_list: perform the same expansions when doing
- a compound array assignment to an associative array variable as
- when doing a straight array index assignment. The idea is that
- foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=quux)
- is the same as
- foo[ind1]=bar ; foo[ind2]=quux
-
- This fixes problems with double-expansion and quote removal being
- performed on the array indices
-
- 6/13
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - Add a little text to make it clear that the locale determines how
- range expressions in glob patterns are handled.
-
-
- 6/21
- ----
-builtins/read.def
- - display a message and return error status if -a is used with an
- existing associative array. Fixes bug reported by Curtis Doty
- <curtis@greenkey.net>
-
- 6/24
- ----
-{jobs,nojobs}.c
- - non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize
- and set LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits. From a
- suggestion by Leslie Rhorer <lrhorer@satx.rr.com>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - checkwinsize: remove language saying that only interactive shells
- check the window size after each command
-
-lib/readline/histfile.c
- - history_backupfile: new file, creates a backup history file name
- given a filename (appending `-')
- - history_do_write: when overwriting the history file, back it up
- before writing. Restore backup file on a write error. Suggested
- by chkno@chkno.net
-
-bashline.c
- - find_cmd_name: two new arguments, return the start and end of the
- actual text string used to find the command name, without taking
- whitespace into account
- - attempt_shell_completion: small changes to make sure that completion
- attempted at the beginning of a non-empty line does not find a
- programmable completion, even if the command name starts at point
- - attempt_shell_completion: small change to make sure that completion
- does not find a progcomp when in whitespace before the command
- name
- - attempt_shell_completion: small change to make sure that completion
- does not find a progcomp when point is at the first character of a
- command name, even when there is leading whitespace (similar to
- above). Fixes problems noted by Ville Skytta <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
-
-subst.c
- - brace_expand_word_list: since the individual strings in the strvec
- returned by brace_expand are already allocated, don't copy them to
- newly-allocated memory when building the WORD_LIST, just use them
- intact
-
-locale.c
- - locale_mb_cur_max: cache value of MB_CUR_MAX when we set or change
- the locale to avoid a function call every time we need to read it
-
-shell.h
- - new struct to save shell_input_line and associated variables:
- shell_input_line_state_t
- - add members of sh_parser_state_t to save and restore token and the
- size of the token buffer
-
-parse.y
- - {save,restore}_input_line_state: new functions to save and restore
- shell_input_line and associated variables
- - {save,restore}_parser_state: add code to save and restore the token
- and token buffer size
- - xparse_dolparen: call save_ and restore_input_line_state to avoid
- problems with overwriting shell_input_line when we recursively
- call the parser to parse a command substitution. Fixes bug
- reported by Rui Santos <rsantos@grupopie.com>
-
-include/shmbutil.h
- - use locale_mb_cur_max instead of MB_CUR_MAX in ADVANCE_CHAR and
- similar macros
-
-lib/glob/smatch.c
- - rangecmp,rangecmp_wc: change to take an additional argument, which
- forces the use of strcoll/wscoll when non-zero. If it's 0, a new
- variable `glob_asciirange' controls whether or not we use strcoll/
- wscoll. If glob_asciirange is non-zero, we use straight
- C-locale-like ordering. Suggested by Aharon Robbins
- <arnold@skeeve.com>
-
- 6/30
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_pipeline: make sure the lastpipe code is protected by
- #ifdef JOB_CONTROL. Fixes problem reported by Thomas Cort
- <tcort@minix3.org>
-
- 7/2
- ---
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - EXPERIMENTAL: remove setting of _rl_interrupt_immediately around
- completion functions that touch the file system. Idea from Jan
- Kratochvil <jan.ktratochvil@redhat.com> and the GDB development
- team
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - rl_signal_handler: if we're in callback mode, don't interrupt
- immediately on a SIGWINCH
-
- 7/3
- ---
-bashline.c
- - set_directory_hook: and its siblings are a new set of functions to
- set, save, and restore the appropriate directory completion hook
- - change callers to use {set,save,restore}_directory_hook instead of
- manipulating rl_directory_rewrite_hook directly
- - dircomplete_expand: new variable, defaults to 0, if non-zero causes
- directory names to be word-expanded during word and filename
- completion
- - change {set,save,restore}_directory_hook to look at dircomplete_expand
- and change rl_directory_completion_hook or rl_directory_rewrite_hook
- appropriately
-
-bashline.h
- - extern declaration for set_directory_hook so shopt code can use it
-
- 7/6
- ---
-builtins/shopt.def
- - globasciiranges: new settable shopt option, makes glob ranges act
- as if in the C locale (so b no longer comes between A and B).
- Suggested by Aharon Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
-
- 7/7
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `globasciiranges' shopt option
-
- 7/8
- ---
-builtins/shopt.def
- - direxpand: new settable option, makes filename completion expand
- variables in directory names like bash-4.1 did.
- - shopt_set_complete_direxpand: new function, does the work for the
- above by calling set_directory_hook
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `direxpand' shopt option
-
- 7/15
- ----
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: when adding character to search string, use
- cxt->lastc (which we use in the switch statement) instead of c,
- since lastc can be modified earlier in the function
-
- 7/18
- ----
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_search_context: add another member to save previous value of
- (multibyte) lastc: pmb is to mb as prevc is to lastc
-
-lib/readline/isearch.c:
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: if a key sequence indexes into a new keymap,
- but doesn't find any bound function (k[ind].function == 0) or is
- bound to self-insert (k[ind].function == rl_insert), back up and
- insert the previous character (the one that caused the index into a
- new keymap) and arrange things so the current character is the next
- one read, so both of them end up in the search string. Fixes bug
- reported by Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: a couple of efficiency improvements when adding
- characters to the isearch string
-
- 7/24
- ----
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: save and restore cxt->mb and cxt->pmb
- appropriately when in a multibyte locale
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - correct description of {x}>file (and other redirection operators
- that allocate a file descriptor) to note the the fd range is
- greater than or equal to 10. Fixes problem reported by
- Christian Ullrich
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - rl_signal_handler: don't interrupt immediately if in callback mode
-
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - rl_callback_read_char: install signal handlers only when readline
- has control in callback mode, so readline's signal handlers aren't
- called when the application is active (e.g., between the calls to
- rl_callback_handler_install and rl_callback_read_char). If the
- readline signal handlers only set a flag, which the application
- doesn't know about, the signals will effectively be ignored until
- the next time the application calls into the readline callback
- interface. Fixes problem of calling unsafe functions from signal
- handlers when in callback mode reported by Jan Kratochvil
- <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix_assignment_words: when in Posix mode, the `command' builtin
- doesn't change whether or not the command name it protects is an
- assignment builtin. One or more instances of `command'
- preceding `export', for instance, doesn't make `export' treat its
- assignment statement arguments differently. Posix interpretation
- #351
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new Posix-mode behavior of `command' when preceding builtins
- that take assignment statements as arguments
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - printstr: if fieldwidth or precision are < 0 or > INT_MAX when
- supplied explicitly (since we take care of the `-' separately),
- clamp at INT_MAX like when using getint(). Fixes issue reported
- by Ralph Coredroy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk>
-
- 7/25
- ----
-lib/readline/chardefs.h
- - isxdigit: don't define if compiling with c++; declared as a c++
- template function. Fixes bug reported by Miroslav Lichvar
- <mlichvar@redhat.com>
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - getint: if garglist == 0, return whatever getintmax returns (0).
- Fixes bug reported by Ralph Coredroy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk>
-
- 7/28
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - minor changes to the descriptions of the cd and pushd builtins
-
-lib/sh/zread.c
- - zsyncfd: change variable holding return value from lseek to
- off_t. Bug report and fix from Gregory Margo <gmargo@pacbell.net>
-
- 8/1
- ---
-expr.c
- - don't check for division by 0 when in a context where no evaluation
- is taking place. Fixes bug reported by dnade.ext@orange-ftgroup.com
-
- 8/6
- ---
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: the parent branch of the subshell code
- (where the child calls execute_in_subshell) should not close all
- open FIFOs with unlink_fifo_list if it's part of a shell function
- that's still executing. Fixes bug reported by Maarten Billemont
- <lhunath@lyndir.com>
-
- 8/9
- ---
-builtins/common.c
- - get_exitstat: return EX_BADUSAGE (2) on a non-numeric argument
-
-builtins/return.def
- - return_builtin: just call get_exitstat to get the return status,
- let it handle proper parsing and handling of arguments. Fixes
- issue most recently raised by Linda Walsh <bash@tlinx.org>.
- Reverses change from 9/11/2008 (see above)
-
- 8/16
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - clean up `set -e' language to make it clearer that any failure of
- a compound command will cause the shell to exit, not just subshells
- and brace commands
-
- 8/17
- ----
-configure.in
- - make the various XXX_FOR_BUILD variables `precious' to autoconf to
- avoid stale data
- - change how CC_FOR_BUILD is initialized when cross-compiling and not,
- but do not change behavior
- - initialize CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD to -g when cross-compiling
- - initialize LIBS_FOR_BUILD to $(LIBS) when not cross-compiling, empty
- when cross-compiling
- - create AUTO_CFLAGS variable to hold basic CFLAGS defaults; used when
- CFLAGS not inherited from environment (like effect of old
- auto_cflags variable)
- - substitute LIBS_FOR_BUILD into output Makefiles
- [changes inspired by bug report from Nathan Phillip Brink
- <ohnobinki@ohnopublishing.net> -- gentoo bug 378941]
-
-builtins/Makefile.in
- - substitute LIBS_FOR_BUILD from configure, not strictly initialized
- to $(LIBS)
-
- 8/27
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - minor changes to the here string description to clarify the
- expansions performed on the word
-
-support/shobj-conf
- - handle compilation on Lion (Mac OS X 10.7/darwin11) with changes
- to darwin stanzas. Fixes readline bug reported by Vincent
- Sheffer <vince.sheffer@apisphere.com>
-
-lib/sh/strtrans.c
- - ansic_wshouldquote: check a string with multi-byte characters for
- characters that needs to be backslash-octal escaped for $'...'
- - ansic_shouldquote: if is_basic fails for one character, let
- ansic_wshouldquote examine the rest of the string and return what
- it returns. From a patch sent by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 8/30
- ----
-lib/sh/strtrans.c
- - ansic_quote: changes to quote (or not) multibyte characters. New
- code converts them to wide characters and uses iswprint to check
- valid wide chars. From a patch sent by Roman Rakus
- <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 9/7
- ---
-lib/sh/shquote.c
- - sh_backslash_quote: change to be table-driven so we can use a
- different table if we want to
- - sh_backslash_quote: takes a second char table[256] argument;
-
-externs.h
- - sh_backslash_quote: add second argument to function prototype
-
-bashline.c,braces.c,parse.y,builtins/printf.def
- - change callers of sh_backslash_quote to add second argument
-
-bashline.c
- - filename_bstab: table of characters to pass to sh_backslash_quote;
- characters with value 1 will be backslash-quoted
- - set_filename_bstab: turn on characters in filename backslash-quote
- table according to passed string argument
- - call set_filename_bstab every time rl_filename_quote_characters is
- assigned a value
- - bash_quote_filename: call sh_backslash_quote with filename_bstab
- as second argument. This allows other characters in filenames to
- be quoted without quoting, for instance, a dollar sign in a shell
- variable reference
-
- 9/8
- ---
-bashline.c
- - complete_fullquote: new variable, controls table passed to
- sh_backslash_quote. If non-zero (the default), the standard set
- of shell metacharacters -- as in bash versions up to and including
- bash-4.2 -- gets backslash-quoted by the completion code. If zero,
- sh_backslash_quote gets the table with the characters in the
- variable reference removed, which means they are removed from the
- set of characters to be quoted in filenames
-
- 9/10
- ----
-bashline.c
- - bash_filename_stat_hook: new function, designed to expand variable
- references in filenames before readline passes them to stat(2)
- to determine whether or not they are a directory
-
- 9/15
- ----
-builtins/declare.def
- - if assign_array_element fails due to a bad (or empty) subscript, mark
- it as an assignment error and don't attempt any further processing
- of that declaration. Fixes segfault bug reported by Diego Augusto
- Molina <diegoaugustomolina@gmail.com>
-
- 9/19
- ----
-expr.c
- - exppower: replace the simple exponentiation algorithm with an
- implementation of exponentiation by squaring. Inspired by report
- from Nicolas ARGYROU <nargy@yahoo.com>
-
-bashline.c
- - bash_quote_filename: check for rtext being non-null before
- dereferencing it
- - set_saved_history: operate_and_get_next assumes that the previous
- line was added to the history, even when the history is stifled and
- at the max number of entries. If it wasn't, make sure the history
- number is incremented properly. Partial fix for bug reported by
- gregrwm <backuppc-users@whitleymott.net>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/{hsuser,rluser}.texi
- - minor editorial changes inspired by suggestions from
- Roger Zauner <rogerx.oss@gmail.com>
-
- 9/20
- ----
-lib/intl/localealias.c
- - read_alias_file: close resource leak (fp) when returning on error
-
- 9/22
- ----
-execute_command.c
- - execute_intern_function: implement Posix interpretation 383 by making
- it an error to define a function with the same name as a special
- builtin when in Posix mode.
- http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=383#c692
-
- 9/25
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - formatting and some content changes from Benno Schulenberg
- <bensberg@justemail.net>
- - document new posix-mode behavior from interp 383 change of 9/22
-
- 9/30
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - shell_execve: add strerror to error message about executable file
- that shell can't execute as a shell script. From suggestion by
- daysleeper <daysleeper@centrum.cz>
-
- 10/1
- ----
-bashhist.c
- - maybe_add_history: act as if literal_history is set when parser_state
- includes PST_HEREDOC, so we save the bodies of here-documents just
- as they were entered. Fixes bug reported by Jonathan Wakely
- <bugs@kayari.org>
- - bash_add_history: make sure that the second and subsequent lines of
- a here document don't have extra newlines or other delimiting
- chars added, since they have the trailing newline preserved, when
- `lithist' is set and history_delimiting_chars isn't called
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: avoid fd exhaustion caused by using
- process substitution in loops inside shell functions by using
- copy_fifo_list and close_new_fifos (). Fixes debian bash bug
- 642504
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - new variable, rl_filename_stat_hook, used by append_to_match. If
- filename completion is desired, and rl_filename_stat_hook points
- to a function, call that function to expand the filename in an
- application-specific way before calling stat.
-
-bashline.c
- - bash_default_completion: if variable completion returns a single
- match, use bash_filename_stat_hook and file_isdir to determine
- whether or not the variable name expands to a directory. If it
- does, set the filename_append_character to `/'. This is not
- perfect, so we will see how it works out. Adds functionality
- requested by Peter Toft <pto@linuxbog.dk> and Patrick Pfeifer
- <patrick@pfeifer.de>
- - rl_filename_stat_hook: assigned bash_filename_stat_hook, so things
- like $HOME/Downloads (after completion) have a slash appended.
- In general, this causes the stat hook to be called whenever
- filename completion is appended. Adds functionality requested by
- Patrick Pfeifer <patrick@pfeifer.de>
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new extern declaration for rl_filename_stat_hook
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - rl_directory_rewrite_hook: now documented
- - rl_filename_stat_hook: document
-
-pcomplete.c
- - gen_action_completions: in the CA_DIRECTORY case, turn off
- rl_filename_completion_desired if it was off before we called
- rl_filename_completion_function and we didn't get any matches.
- Having it on causes readline to quote the matches as if they
- were filenames. Adds functionality requested by many,
- including Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
-assoc.[ch]
- - assoc_replace: new function, takes the same arguments as
- assoc_insert, but returns the old data instead of freeing it
- - assoc_insert: if the object returned by hash_insert doesn't have
- the same value for its key as the key passed as an argument, we
- are overwriting an existing value. In this case, we can free the
- key. Fixes bug reported by David Parks <davidparks21@yahoo.com>
-
- 10/5
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - indirection_level_string: small change to only re-enable `x'
- option after calling decode_prompt_string if it was on before. In
- normal mode, it will be, but John Reiser <jreiser@bitwagon.com>
- has a novel use for that code in conjunction with a pre-loaded
- shared library that traces system call usage in shell scripts
-
- 10/10
- -----
-Makefile.in
- - Fix from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> to avoid trying to
- build y.tab.c and y.tab.h with two separate runs of yacc if
- parse.y changes. Problem with parallel makes
- - Fix from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> to avoid subdirectory
- builds each trying to make version.h (and all its dependencies)
-
-lib/sh/Makefile.in
- - remove some dependencies on version.h where it doesn't make sense
-
-variables.c
- - initialize_shell_variables: while reading the environment, a shell
- running in posix mode now checks for SHELLOPTS being readonly (it
- gets set early on in main()) before trying to assign to it. It
- saves an error message and the variable gets parsed as it should.
- Fixes bug reported by Len Giambrone <Len.Giambrone@intersystems.com>
-
- 10/14
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - add to the "duplicating file descriptors" description that >&word
- doesn't redirect stdout and stderr if word expands to `-'
- - add to the "appending standard output and standard error"
- description a note that >&word, where word is a number or `-',
- causes other redirection operators to apply for sh and Posix
- compatibility reasons. Suggested by Greg Wooledge
- <wooledg@eeg.ccf.org>
-
- 10/15
- -----
-pcomplete.c
- - change pcomp_filename_completion_function to only run the filename
- dequoting function in the cases (as best as it can figure) where
- readline won't do it via rl_filename_completion_function. Based
- on reports from <lolilolicon@gmail.com>
-
- 10/19
- -----
-bashline.c
- - attempt_shell_completion: add call to set_directory_hook() to make
- sure the rewrite functions are correct. It's cheap and doesn't
- hurt
- - command_word_completion_function: if completing a command name that
- starts with `.' or `..', temporarily suppress the effects of the
- `direxpand' option and restore the correct value after calling
- rl_filename_completion_function. If it's enabled, the directory
- name will be rewritten and no longer match `./' or `../'. Fixes
- problem reported by Michael Kalisz <michael@kalisz.homelinux.net>
-
- 10/22
- -----
-builtins/history.def
- - push_history: make sure remember_on_history is enabled before we
- try to delete the last history entry -- the `history -s' command
- might not have been saved. Fixes bug reported by
- lester@vmw-les.eng.vmware.com
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - rl_callback_read_char: add calls to a macro CALLBACK_READ_RETURN
- instead of straight return; add same call at end of function.
- Placeholder for future work in deinstalling signal handlers when
- readline is not active
-
- 10/25
- -----
-expr.c
- - exp2: catch arithmetic overflow when val1 == INTMAX_MIN and val2 == -1
- for DIV and MOD and avoid SIGFPE. Bug report and pointer to fix
- from Jaak Ristioja <jaak.ristioja@cyber.ee>
- - expassign: same changes for arithmetic overflow for DIV and MOD
-
- 10/28
- -----
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand: allow pattern substitution when there is an
- expansion of the form ${var/} as a no-op: replacing nothing with
- nothing
- - parameter_brace_patsub: don't need to check for PATSUB being NULL;
- it never is
-
-flags.c
- - if STRICT_POSIX is defined, initialize history_expansion to 0, since
- history expansion (and its treatment of ! within double quotes) is
- not a conforming posix environment. From austin-group issue 500
-
-lib/readline/histexpand.c
- - history_expand: when processing a string within double quotes
- (DQUOTE == 1), make the closing double quote inhibit history
- expansion, as if the word were outside double quotes. In effect,
- we assume that the double quote is followed by a character in
- history_no_expand_chars. tcsh and csh seem to do this. This
- answers a persistent complaint about history expansion
-
- 10/29
- -----
-make_cmd.c
- - make_arith_for_command: use skip_to_delim to find the next `;'
- when breaking the string between the double parens into three
- separate components instead of a simple character loop. Fixes
- bug reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 11/2
- ----
-Makefile.in
- - make libbuiltins.a depend on builtext.h to serialize its creation
- and avoid conflict between multiple invocations of mkbuiltins.
- Fix from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 11/5
- ----
-findcmd.c
- - user_command_matches: if stat(".", ...) returns -1, set st_dev
- and st_ino fields in dotinfo to 0 to avoid same_file matches
- - find_user_command_in_path: check stat(2) return the same way
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - glob_vector: don't call strlen(pat) without checking pat == 0
- - glob_dir_to_array: make sure to free `result' and all allocated
- members before returning error due to malloc failure
- - glob_vector: make sure to free `nextname' and `npat' on errors
- (mostly when setting lose = 1)
- - glob_vector: if flags & GX_MATCHDIRS but not GX_ALLDIRS, make
- sure we free `subdir'
- - glob_filename: when expanding ** (GX_ALLDIRS), make sure we
- free temp_results (return value from glob_vector)
-
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c
- - xdupmbstowcs: fix call to realloc to use sizeof (char *) instead
- of sizeof (char **) when assigning idxtmp
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - print_index_and_element: return 0 right away if L == 0
- - is_dirname: fix memory leak by freeing `temp'
- - time_command: don't try to deref NULL `command' when assigning
- to `posix_time'
- - shell_execve: null-terminate `sample' after READ_SAMPLE_BUF so it's
- terminated for functions that expect that
-
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: don't call bind_read_variable with a potentially-null
- string
-
-pcomplete.c
- - gen_command_matches: don't call dispose_word_desc with a NULL arg
- - gen_compspec_completions: fix memory leak by freeing `ret' before
- calling gen_action_completions (tcs, ...). happens when
- performing directory completion as default and no completions
- have been generated
- - gen_progcomp_completions: make sure to set foundp to 0 whenever
- returning NULL
- - it_init_aliases: fix memory leak by freeing alias_list before
- returning
-
-bashline.c
- - command_word_completion_function: don't call restore_tilde with a
- NULL directory_part argument
- - bash_directory_expansion: bugfix: don't throw away results of
- rl_directory_rewrite_hook if it's set and returns non-zero
- - bind_keyseq_to_unix_command: free `kseq' before returning error
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - assign_array_element_internal: make sure `akey' is freed if non-null
- before returning error
- - assign_compound_array_list: free `akey' before returning error
- - array_value_internal: free `akey' before returning error
- - unbind_array_element: free `akey' before returning error
-
-subst.c
- - array_length_reference: free `akey' before returning error in case
- of expand_assignment_string_to_string error
- - array_length_reference: free `akey' after call to assoc_reference
- - skip_to_delim: if skipping process and command substitution, free
- return value from extract_process_subst
- - parameter_brace_substring: free `val' (vtype == VT_VARIABLE) before
- returning if verify_substring_values fails
- - parameter_brace_expand: remove two duplicate lines that allocate
- ret in parameter_brace_substring case
- - parameter_brace_expand: convert `free (name); name = xmalloc (...)'
- to use `xrealloc (name, ...)'
- - parameter_brace_expand: free `name' before returning when handling
- ${!PREFIX*} expansion
- - split_at_delims: fix memory leak by freeing `d2' before returning
-
-redir.c
- - redirection_error: free `filename' if the redirection operator is
- REDIR_VARASSIGN by assigning allocname
-
-eval.c
- - send_pwd_to_eterm: fix memory leak by freeing value returned by
- get_working_directory()
-
-builtins/cd.def
- - change_to_directory: fix memory leak by freeing return value from
- resetpwd()
- - cd_builtin: fix memory leak by freeing value returned by dirspell()
- - cd_builtin: fix memory leak by freeing `directory' if appropriate
- before overwriting with return value from resetpwd()
-
-builtins/type.def
- - describe_command: free `full_path' before overwriting it with return
- value from sh_makepath
-
-builtins/complete.def
- - compgen_builtin: fix memory leak by calling strlist_dispose (sl)
- before overwriting sl with return value from completions_to_stringlist
-
-builtins/hash.def
- - list_hashed_filename_targets: fix memory leak by freeing `target'
-
-make_cmd.c
- - make_arith_for_command: free `init', `test', and `step' before
- returning error on parse error
-
-jobs.c
- - initialize_job_control: don't call move_to_high_fd if shell_tty == -1
-
-general.c
- - check_dev_tty: don't call close with an fd < 0
- - legal_number: deal with NULL `string' argument, return invalid
-
-lib/sh/fmtulong.c
- - fmtulong: if the `base' argument is invalid, make sure we index
- buf by `len-1' at maximum
-
-print_cmd.c
- - print_deferred_heredocs: don't try to dereference a NULL `cstring'
- - cprintf: make sure to call va_end (args)
-
-variables.c
- - push_dollar_vars: fix call to xrealloc to use sizeof (WORD_LIST *)
- instead of sizeof (WORD_LIST **)
-
-lib/sh/zmapfd.c
- - zmapfd: if read returns error, free result and return -1 immediately
- instead of trying to reallocate it
-
- 11/6
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - cpl_reap: rewrote to avoid using pointer after freeing it; now builds
- new coproc list on the fly while traversing the old one and sets the
- right values for coproc_list when done
-
- 11/12
- -----
-builtins/set.def
- - if neither -f nor -v supplied, don't allow a readonly function to
- be implicitly unset. Fixes bug reported by Jens Schmidt
- <jens.schmidt35@arcor.de>
-
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - change CALLBACK_READ_RETURN to clear signal handlers before returning
- from rl_callback_read_char so readline's signal handlers aren't
- installed when readline doesn't have control. Idea from Jan
- Kratochvil <jan.ktratochvil@redhat.com> and the GDB development
- team
-
-pcomplete.h
- - COPT_NOQUOTE: new complete/compgen option value
-
-builtins/complete.def
- - noquote: new complete/compgen option; will be used to disable
- filename completion quoting
-
-pcomplete.c
- - pcomp_set_readline_variables: pay attention to COPT_NOQUOTE; turns
- of rl_filename_quoting_desired if set; turns it on if unset (value
- is inverted, since default is on)
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - document new -o noquote option to complete/compgen/compopt
-
-pathexp.c
- - quote_string_for_globbing: if QGLOB_REGEXP, make sure characters
- between brackets in an ERE bracket expression are not inappropriately
- quoted with backslashes. This is a pretty substantial change,
- should be stressed when opening bash up for alpha and beta tests.
- Fixes bug pointed out by Stephane Chazleas
- <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document that regexp matches can be inconsistent when quoting
- characters in bracket expressions, since usual quoting characters
- lose their meaning within brackets
- - note that regular expression matching when the pattern is stored
- in a shell variable which is quoted for expansion causes string
- matching
-
-redir.h
- - RX_SAVEFD: new flag value; notes that a redirection denotes an
- fd used to save another even if it's not >= SHELL_FD_BASE
-
-redir.c
- - do_redirection_internal: when deciding whether or not to reset the
- close-on-exec flag on a restored file descriptor, trust the value
- of redirect->flags & RX_SAVCLEXEC even if the fd is < SHELL_FD_BASE
- if the RX_SAVEFD flag is set
- - add_undo_redirect: set the RX_SAVEFD flag if the file descriptor
- limit is such that the shell can't duplicate to a file descriptor
- >= 10. Fixes a limitation that tripped a coreutils test reported
- by Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
-
- 11/19
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi
- - make it clear that bash runs HISTFILESIZE=$HISTSIZE after reading
- the startup files
- - make it clear that bash runs HISTSIZE=500 after reading the
- startup files
- - make it clear that setting HISTSIZE=0 causes commands to not be
- saved in the history list
- - make it clear that setting HISTFILESIZE=0 causes the history file
- to be truncated to zero size
-
-variables.c
- - sv_histsize: change so setting HISTSIZE to a value less than 0
- causes the history to be `unstifled'
- - sv_histsize: change so setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than 0
- results in no file truncation
- - make it clear that numeric values less than 0 for HISTFILESIZE or
- HISTSIZE inhibit the usual functions
-
- 11/23
- -----
-parse.y
- - save_input_line_state: add missing `return ls' at the end, since the
- function is supposed to return its argument. Pointed out by
- Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
-
-builtins/read.def
- - skip over NUL bytes in input, as most modern shells seem to. Bug
- report by Matthew Story <matt@tablethotels.com>
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - rl_vi_replace: set _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert to invoking key
-
- 11/25
- -----
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: if xrealloc returns same pointer as first argument,
- don't bother with the remove_unwind_protect/add_unwind_protect pair
- - read_builtin: set a flag (`reading') around calls to zread/zreadc
- and readline()
- - sigalrm: change to set flag (`sigalrm_seen') and only longjmp if
- currently in read(2) (reading != 0)
- - CHECK_ALRM: new macro, checks sigalrm_seen and longjmps if non-zero,
- behavior of old SIGALRM catching function
- - read_builtin: call CHECK_ALRM in appropriate places while reading
- line of input. Fixes bug reported by Pierre Gaston
- <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - rl_vi_replace: initialize characters before printing characters in
- vi_replace_keymap to their default values in vi_insertion_keymap,
- since we're supposed to be in insert mode replacing characters
- - rl_vi_replace: call rl_vi_start_inserting to set last command to
- `R' for undo
- - rl_vi_replace: set _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert to `R' for future
- use by _rl_vi_done_inserting
- - vi_save_insert_buffer: new function, broke out code that copies text
- into vi_insert_buffer from _rl_vi_save_insert
- - _rl_vi_save_replace: new function, saves text modified by
- rl_vi_replace (using current point and vi_replace_count to figure
- it out) to vi_replace_buffer
- - _rl_vi_save_insert: call vi_save_insert_buffer
- - _rl_vi_done_inserting: if _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert == 'R', call
- _rl_vi_save_replace to save text modified in replace mode (uses
- vi_save_insert_buffer)
- - _rl_vi_replace_insert: new function, replaces the number of chars
- in vi_insert_buffer after rl_point with contents ov vi_insert_buffer
- - rl_vi_redo: call _rl_vi_replace_insert if last command == 'R' and
- there's something in vi_insert_buffer. Fixes bug with `.' not
- redoing the most recent `R' command, reported by Geoff Clare
- <g.clare@opengroup.org> in readline area on savannah
-
- 11/26
- -----
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - RL_SIG_RECEIVED(): evaluate to non-zero if there is a pending signal
- to be handled
- - RL_SIGINT_RECEIVED(): evaluate to non-zero if there is a pending
- SIGINT to be handled
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - remove all mention of _rl_interrupt_immediately
- - rl_completion_matches: check RL_SIG_RECEIVED after each call to
- the entry function, call RL_CHECK_SIGNALS if true to handle the
- signal
- - rl_completion_matches: if RL_SIG_RECEIVED evaluates to true, free
- and zero out the match_list this function allocated
- - rl_completion_matches: if the completion entry function is
- rl_filename_completion_function, free the contents of match_list,
- because that function does not keep state and will not free the
- entries; avoids possible memory leak pointed out by
- Garrett Cooper <yanegomi@gmail.com>
- - gen_completion_matches: if RL_SIG_RECEIVED evalutes to true after
- calling rl_attempted_completion_function, free the returned match
- list and handle the signal with RL_CHECK_SIGNALS; avoids
- possible memory leak pointed out by Garrett Cooper
- <yanegomi@gmail.com>
- - gen_completion_matches: if RL_SIG_RECEIVED evaluates to true after
- calling rl_completion_matches, free the returned match list and
- handle the signal with RL_CHECK_SIGNALS
-
-lib/readline/util.c
- - rl_settracefp: new utility function to set the tracing FILE *
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - _rl_sigcleanup: pointer to a function that will be called with the
- signal and a void * argument from _rl_handle_signal
- - _rl_sigcleanarg: void * that the rest of the code can set to have
- passed to the signal cleanup function
- - _rl_handle_signal: if _rl_sigcleanup set, call as
- (*_rl_sigcleanup) (sig, _rl_sigcleanarg)
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - extern declarations for _rl_sigcleanup and _rl_sigcleanarg
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - _rl_complete_sigcleanup: signal cleanup function for completion code;
- calls _rl_free_match_list on _rl_sigcleanarg if signal == SIGINT
- - rl_complete_internal: before calling display_matches if what_to_do
- == `?', set _rl_sigcleanup to _rl_complete_sigcleanup so the match
- list gets freed on SIGINT; avoids possible memory leak pointed out
- by Garrett Cooper <yanegomi@gmail.com>
- - rl_complete_internal: in default switch case, call _rl_free_match_list
- before returning to avoid memory leak
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - start at a set of examples for the =~ regular expression matching
- operator, touching on keeping the pattern in a shell variable and
- quoting portions of the pattern to remove their special meaning
-
- 12/1
- ----
-lib/glob/gmisc.c
- - extglob_pattern: new function, returns 1 if pattern passed as an
- argument looks like an extended globbing pattern
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - skipname: return 0 immediately if extglob_pattern returns non-zero,
- let the extended globbing code do the right thing with skipping
- names beginning with a `.'
- - mbskipname: return 0 immediately if extglob_pattern returns non-zero,
- let the extended globbing code do the right thing with skipping
- names beginning with a `.'. Fixes bug reported by Yongzhi Pan
- <panyongzhi@gmail.com>
-
- 12/2
- ----
-lib/glob/smatch.c
- - patscan, patscan_wc: no longer static so other parts of the glob
- library can use them, renamed to glob_patscan, glob_patscan_wc
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - extern declarations for glob_patscan, glob_patscan_wc
- - wchkname: new function, does skipname on wchar_t pattern and dname,
- old body of mbskipname after converting to wide chars
- - extglob_skipname: new function, checks all subpatterns in an extglob
- pattern to determine whether or not a filename should be skipped.
- Calls skipname for each subpattern. Dname is only skipped if all
- subpatterns indicate it should be. Better fix for bug reported by
- Yongzhi Pan <panyongzhi@gmail.com>
- - wextglob_skipname: wide-char version of extglob_skipname, calls
- wchkname instead of calling back into mbskipname for each
- subpattern to avoid problems with char/wchar_t mismatch
- - skipname: call extglob_skipname if extglob_pattern returns non-zero
- - mbskipname: call wextglob_skipname if extglob_pattern returns non-zero
- - mbskipname: short-circuit immediately if no multibyte chars in
- pattern or filename
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_cond_node: added parens to patmatch assignment statement to
- make intent clearer
-
- 12/3
- ----
-configure.in,config.h.in
- - check for imaxdiv, define HAVE_IMAXDIV if present
-
-expr.c
- - expassign, exp2: use imaxdiv if available. Doesn't help with checks
- for overflow from 10/25
-
- 12/6
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - compute_lcd_of_matches: if we're ignoring case in the matches, only
- use what the user typed as the lcd if it matches the first match
- (after sorting) up to the length of what was typed (if what the
- user typed is longer than the shortest of the possible matches, use
- the shortest common length of the matches instead). If it doesn't
- match, use the first of the list of matches, as if case were not
- being ignored. Fixes bug reported by Clark Wang
- <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
- 12/7
- ----
-builtins/cd.def
- - cd_builtin: add code to return error in case cd has more than one
- non-option argument, conditional on CD_COMPLAINS define (which is
- not defined anywhere)
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - note that additional arguments to cd following the directory name
- are ignored. Suggested by Vaclav Hanzl <hanzl@noel.feld.cvut.cz>
-
- 12/10
- -----
-lib/readline/input.c
- - rl_read_key: don't need to increment key sequence length here; doing
- it leads to an off-by-one error
-
-lib/readline/macro.c
- - rl_end_kbd_macro: after off-by-one error with rl_key_sequence_length
- fixed, can decrement current_macro_index by rl_key_sequence_length
- (length of key sequence that closes keyboard macro)
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq: fix extra increment of rl_key_sequence_length
- when ESC maps to a new keymap and we're converting meta characters
- to ESC+key
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq: better increment of rl_key_sequence_length
- before we dispatch to a function in the ISFUNC case (where the
- second increment above should have happened)
- - rl_executing_keyseq: the full key sequence that ended up executing
- a readline command. Available to the calling application, maintained
- by _rl_dispatch_subseq, indexed by rl_key_sequence_length
- - rl_executing_key: the key that was bound to the currently-executing
- readline command. Same as the `key' argument to the function
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - rl_executing_keyseq: extern declaration
- - rl_executing_key: extern declaration
- - rl_key_sequence_length: declaration moved here from rlprivate.h,
- now part of public interface
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declaration for _rl_executing_keyseq_size, buffer size
- for rl_executing_keyseq
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - documented new variables: rl_executing_key, rl_executing_keyseq,
- rl_key_sequence_length
-
- 12/13
- -----
-bashline.c
- - bash_execute_unix_command: replace ad-hoc code that searches
- cmd_xmap for correct command with call to rl_function_of_keyseq
- using rl_executing_keyseq; now supports key sequences longer
- than two characters. Fixes bug reported by Michael Kazior
- <kazikcz@gmail.com>
-
- 12/15
- -----
-make_cmd.c
- - make_function_def: don't null out source_file before calling
- make_command so it can be used later on when the function definition
- is executed
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_intern_function: second argument is now FUNCTION_DEF *
- instead of COMMAND *
- - execute_command_internal: call execute_intern_function with the
- new second argument (the entire FUNCTION_DEF instead of just the
- command member)
- - execute_intern_function: if DEBUGGER is defined, call
- bind_function_def before calling bind_function, just like
- make_function_def does (might be able to take out the call in
- make_function_def depending on what the debugger does with it).
- Fixes bug reported by <dethrophes@motd005>
-
-expr.c
- - more minor changes to cases of INTMAX_MIN % -1 and INTMAX_MIN / 1;
- fix typos and logic errors
-
- 12/16
- -----
-bashline.c
- - find_cmd_start: change flags to remove SD_NOSKIPCMD so it skips over
- command substitutions and doesn't treat them as command separators
- - attempt_shell_completion: instead of taking first return from
- find_cmd_name as command name to use for programmable completion,
- use loop to skip over assignment statements. Fixes problem reported
- by Raphael Droz <raphael.droz+floss@gmail.com>
- - attempt_shell_completion: if we don't find a command name but the
- command line is non-empty, assume the other words are all assignment
- statements and flag that point is in a command position so we can
- do command name completion
- - attempt_shell_completion: if the word being completed is the first
- word following a series of assignment statements, and the
- command line is non-empty, flag that point is in a command position
- so we can do command name completion
-
-lib/readline/history.c
- - history_get_time: atol -> strtol
-
- 12/18
- -----
-parse.y
- - parser_in_command_position: external interface to the
- command_token_position macro for use by other parts of the shell,
- like the completion mechanism
-
-externs.h
- - extern declaration for parser_in_command_position
-
- 12/19
- -----
-
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: make sure all calls to bind_read_variable are passed
- a non-null string. Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-bashline.c
- - attempt_shell_completion: mark that we're in a command position if
- we're at the start of the line and the parser is ready to accept
- a reserved word or command name. Feature most recently suggested
- by Peng Yu <pengyu.ut@gmail.com>
-
- 12/21
- -----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - _rl_escchar: return the character that would be backslash-escaped
- to denote the control character passed as an argument ('\n' -> 'n')
- - _rl_isescape: return 1 if character passed is one that has a
- backslash escape
- - _rl_untranslate_macro_value: new second argument: use_escapes, if
- non-zero translate to backslash escapes where possible instead of
- using straight \C-x for control character `x'. Change callers
- - _rl_untranslate_macro_value: now global
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_untranslate_macro_value: extern declaration
-
-lib/readline/{macro.c,readline.h}
- - rl_print_last_kbd_macro: new bindable function, inspired by patch
- from Mitchel Humpherys
-
-lib/readline/funmap.c
- - print-last-kbd-macro: new bindable command, bound to
- rl_print_last_kbd_macro
-
-lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3},doc/bash.1
- - print-last-kbd-macro: document.
-
-lib/readline/text.c
- - _rl_insert_next: if we're defining a macro, make sure the key gets
- added to the macro text (should really audit calls to rl_read_key()
- and make sure the right thing is happening for all of them)
-
-bashline.[ch]
- - print_unix_command_map: new function, prints all bound commands in
- cmd_xmap using rl_macro_dumper in a reusable format
-
-builtins/bind.def
- - new -X option: print all keysequences bound to Unix commands using
- print_unix_command_map. Feature suggested by Dennis Williamson
- (2/2011)
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `bind -X' option
-
- 12/24
- -----
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - add a couple of sentences to the description of the case modification
- operators making it clearer that each character of parameter is
- tested against the pattern, and that the pattern should only attempt
- to match a single character. Suggested by Bill Gradwohl
- <bill@ycc.com>
-
- 12/28
- -----
-shell.c
- - init_noninteractive: instead of calling set_job_control(0) to
- unconditionally turn off job control, turn on job control if
- forced_interactive or jobs_m_flag is set
- - shell_initialize: call initialize_job_control with jobs_m_flag as
- argument so `bash -m script' enables job control while running the
- script
-
-jobs.c
- - initialize_job_control: if the `force' argument is non-zero, turn on
- job control even if the shell is not currently interactive
- (interactive == 0)
-
- 12/29
- -----
-
-flags.h
- - new extern declaration for jobs_m_flag
-
-builtins/{cd,set}.def,doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - added text clarifying the descriptions of cd -L and -P, suggested by
- Padraig Brady <p@draigbrady.com>
- - slight change to the description of `set -P' about resolving symbolic
- links
-
-lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - Added an example to the programmable completion section: _comp_cd,
- a completion function for cd, with additional verbiage. Text
- includes a reference to the bash_completion project
-
- 1/1/2012
- --------
-jobs.c
- - set_job_status_and_cleanup: note that a job is stopped due to
- SIGTSTP (any_tstped) if job_control is set; there's no need to
- test interactive
-
- 1/5
- ---
-quit.h
- - LASTSIG(): new macro, expands to signal number of last terminating
- signal received (terminating_signal or SIGINT)
-
-trap.c
- - first_pending_trap: returns lowest signal number with a trap pending
- - trapped_signal_received: set to the last trapped signal the shell
- received in trap_handler(); reset to 0 in run_pending_traps
-
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: changes to posix-mode (posixly_correct != 0) to make
- `read' interruptible by a trapped signal. After the trap runs,
- read returns 128+sig and does not assign the partially-read line
- to the named variable(s). From an austin-group discussion started
- by David Korn
-
- 1/11
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - slight changes to the descriptions of the compat32 and compat40 shell
- options to clarify their meaning
-
- 1/12
- ----
-lib/readline/{colors.[ch],parse-colors.[ch]}
- - new files, part of color infrastructure support
-
-Makefile.in,lib/readline/Makefile.in
- - arrange to have colors.o and parse-colors.o added to readline
- library
-
-{configure,config.h}.in
- - check for stdbool.h, define HAVE_STDBOOL_H if found
-
- 1/14
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - colored_stats: new bindable variable, enables using colors to
- indicate file type when listing completions
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - _rl_colored_stats: new variable, controlled by colored-stats bindable
- variable
- - colored_stat_start, colored_stat_end: new functions to set and reset
- the terminal color appropriately depending on the type of the
- filename to be printed
- - print_filename: changes to print colors if `colored-stats' variable
- set. Changes contributed by Raphael Droz
- <raphael.droz+floss@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - rl_initialize_everything: add call to _rl_parse_colors to parse
- color values out of $LS_COLORS. May have to add to rl_initialize
- to make more dynamic if LS_COLORS changes (which doesn't happen
- very often, if at all)
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_colored_stats: new extern declaration
-
-lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi},doc/bash.1
- - colored-stats: document new bindable readline variable
-
-lib/readline/colors.c
- - _rl_print_color_indicator: call rl_filename_stat_hook before calling
- lstat/stat so we can get color indicators for stuff like
- $HOME/Applications
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - stat_char: call rl_filename_stat_hook before calling lstat/stat
-
-findcmd.[ch],execute_cmd.c
- - search_for_command: now takes a second `flags' argument; changed
- header function prototype and callers
- - search_for_command: if (flags & 1), put the command found in $PATH
- into the command hash table (previous default behavior)
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - is_dirname: call search_for_command with flags argument of 0 so it
- doesn't try to put something in the command hash table
-
-bashline.c
- - bash_command_name_stat_hook: a hook function for readline's
- filename_stat_hook that does $PATH searching the same way that
- execute_cmd.c:execute_disk_command() does it, and rewrites the
- passed filename if found. Does not put names into command hash
- table. This allows command name completion to take advantage
- of `visible-stats' and `colored-stats' settings.
- - executable_completion: new function, calls the directory completion
- hook to expand the filename before calling executable_file or
- executable_or_directory; change command_word_completion_function to
- call executable_completion. This allows $HOME/bin/[TAB] to do
- command completion and display alternatives
-
- 1/17
- ----
-pcomplete.c
- - gen_command_matches: now takes a new second argument: the command
- name as deciphered by the programmable completion code and used
- to look up the compspec; changed callers (gen_compspec_completions)
- - gen_shell_function_matches: now takes a new second argument: the
- command that originally caused the completion function to be
- invoked; changed callers (gen_compspec_completions))
- - build_arg_list: now takes a new second argument: the command name
- corresponding to the current compspec; changed callers
- (gen_command_matches, gen_shell_function_matches)
- - build_arg_list: now uses `cmd' argument to create $1 passed to
- invoked command or shell function
- - gen_compspec_completions: if we skipped a null command at the
- beginning of the line (e.g., for completing `>'), add a new word for
- it at the beginning of the word list and increment nw and cw
- appropriately. This is all a partial fix for the shortcoming
- pointed out by Sung Pae <sungpae@gmail.com>
-
- 1/18
- ----
-
-{configure,config.h}.in
- - new check: check for AUDIT_USER_TTY defined in <linux/audit.h>,
- define HAVE_DECL_AUDIT_USER_TTY if both are found
-
-lib/readline/rlconf.h
- - ENABLE_TTY_AUDIT_SUPPORT: new define, allows use of the Linux kernel
- tty auditing system if it's available and enabled
-
-lib/readline/util.c
- - _rl_audit_tty: new function, send a string to the kernel tty audit
- system
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_audit_tty: new extern declaration
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - readline: call _rl_audit_tty with line to be returned before returning
- it if the Linux tty audit system is available and it's been enabled
- in rlconf.h Original patch from Miroslav Trmac; recent request
- from Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
-
- 1/21
- ----
-
-lib/readline/readline.c:
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq: add an inter-character timeout for multi-char
- key sequences. Suggested by <rogerx.oss@gmail.com>. Still needs
- work to make a user-settable variable
-
-parse.y
- - shell_getc: make code that uses the pop_alias dependent on ALIAS
- define
-
-variables.h
- - sv_tz: extern define should only depend on HAVE_TZSET
-
-expr.c
- - expr_streval: if ARRAY_VARS is not defined, set lvalue->ind to -1;
- move assignment to `ind' inside define
- - expr_bind_array_element: declaration and uses need to be #ifdef
- ARRAY_VARS
-
-arrayfunc.h
- - AV_ALLOWALL, AV_QUOTED, AV_USEIND: define to 0 if ARRAY_VARS not
- defined; used in subst.c unconditionally
-
-sig.h
- - make the signal blocking functions not dependent on JOB_CONTROL
-
-sig.c
- - sigprocmask: make the replacement definition not dependent on
- JOB_CONTROL
-
-trap.c
- - use BLOCK_SIGNAL/UNBLOCK_SIGNAL instead of code dependent on
- HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS and BSD signals
-
- 1/24
- ----
-
-print_cmd.c
- - print_redirection_list: change the conditions under which
- r_duplicating_output_word is mapped to r_err_and_out to more or
- less match those used in redir.c. Fixes bug pointed out by
- Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-
- 1/29
- ----
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - _rl_block_sigwinch,_rl_release_sigwinch: don't compile in bodies
- unless SIGWINCH is defined. Fixes bug reported by Pierre Muller
- <pierre.muller@ics-cnrs.unistra.fr>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - small modifications to the introduction to the REDIRECTION section
- to describe how redirections can modify file handles
- - small modification to the section describing base#n to make it
- clearer that n can be denoted using non-numerics. From a posting
- by Linda Walsh <bash@tlinx.org>
-
- 2/2
- ---
-builtins/printf.def
- - printf_builtin: make sure vbuf is intialized and non-null when -v
- is supplied, since other parts of the code assume that it's not
- null (e.g., bind_printf_variable()). Fixes bug reported by Jim
- Avera <james_avera@yahoo.com>
-
- 2/4
- ---
-lib/readline/undo.c
- - _rl_free_undo_list: new function, old body of rl_free_undo_list,
- frees undo entries in UNDO_LIST * passed as argument
- - rl_free_undo_list: call _rl_free_undo_list
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_free_undo_list: new extern declaration
- - _rl_keyseq_timeout: new extern declaration (see below)
-
-lib/readline/misc.c
- - rl_clear_history: new function. Clears the history list and frees
- all associated data similar to history.c:clear_history(), but
- takes rl_undo_list into account and frees and UNDO_LISTs saved as
- `data' members of a history list entry
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - rl_clear_history: documented
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - _rl_keyseq_timeout: new variable to hold intra-key timeout value
- from 1/21 fix; specified in milliseconds. Default value is 500
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq: change to use _rl_keyseq_timeout as intra-key
- timeout if it's greater than 0; no timeout if <= 0
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq: don't check for queued keyboard input if we have
- pushed or pending input, or if we're reading input from a macro
-
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - keyseq-timeout: new bindable variable, shadows _rl_keyseq_timeout
- - string_varlist: add keyseq-timeout
- - sv_seqtimeout: new function to modify value of _rl_keyseq_timeout;
- clamps negative values at 0 for now
- - _rl_get_string_variable_value: return value for keyseq-timeout
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3}
- - keyseq-timeout: documented
-
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: modification to fix from 7/18 to not use
- cxt->keymap and cxt->okeymap, since by the time this code is
- executed, they are equal. Use `f' to check for rl_insert or
- unbound func
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: if we're switching keymaps, not in
- callback mode, and don't have pending or pushed input, use
- _rl_input_queued to resolve a potentially ambiguous key sequence.
- Suggested by Roger Zauner <rogerx.oss@gmail.com>
- - _rl_isearch_dispatch: if we have changed keymaps and resolved to
- an editing function (not self-insert), make sure we stuff the
- right characters back onto the input after changing the keymap
- back so the right editing function is executed after the search
- is terminated. Rest of fix for bug reported by Roger Zauner
- <rogerx.oss@gmail.com>
-
- 2/5
- ---
-builtins/gen-helpfiles.c
- - new file: reads struct builtin and writes the long docs to files
- in the `helpdirs' subdirectory. The filename is given in the
- previously-unused `handle' member of the struct builtin. Links
- with `tmpbuiltins.o', which is created by Makefile to have the
- right long documentation. When not cross-compiling, gets the
- right #defines based on configuration options from config.h instead
- of trying to parse conditional parts of def files. Fixes
- shortcoming pointed out by Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
-
-builtins/Makefile.in
- - tmpbuiltins.c: new generated file, created to enable creation of
- separate helpfiles based on correct #defines instead of trying to
- parse conditional parts of def files
- - gen-helpfiles: new program to generate helpfiles, links with
- tmpbuiltins.o
- - HELPFILES_TARGET: new target, substituted by configure to `helpdoc'
- if separate helpfiles requested
- - targets: new target, libbuiltins.a and $(HELPFILES_TARGET)
- - CREATED_OBJECTS: new variable, holds created object files for
- make clean; changed make clean to remove created objects
- - helpdoc: changed to call gen-helpfiles instead of mkbuiltins
-
-Makefile.in
- - when building libbuiltins.a, recursively call make with `targets'
- argument to make sure separate helpfiles get built
-
-configure.in
- - substitute `helpdoc' as value of HELPFILES_TARGET if
- --enable-separate-helpfiles supplied as configure argument
-
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - `-nofunctions': new argument, causes mkbuiltins to not write value
- for function implementing a particular builtin to struct builtin
- and to write document file name to `handle' member of struct builtin
- - no longer writes separate helpfiles; that is left to gen-helpfiles
-
- 2/8
- ---
-subst.c
- - make sure last_command_exit_value is set to a non-zero value before
- any calls to report_error, since `-e' set will short-circuit
- report_error. Fixes bug reported by Ewan Mellor
- <Ewan.Mellor@eu.citrix.com>
-
-variables.c
- - make_local_array_variable: added second argument; if non-zero,
- function will return an existing local associative array variable
- instead of insisting on an indexed array
-
-variable.h,subst.c
- - make_local_array_variable: changed prototype and caller
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - declare_internal: add second arg to call to make_local_array_variable;
- making_array_special, which indicates we're processing an
- assignment like declare a[b]=c. Fixes seg fault resulting from
- a being an already-declared local associative array variable in a
- function. Ubuntu bash bug 928900.
-
- 2/14
- ----
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: if redirections into or out of a loop fail,
- don't try to free ofifo_list unless saved_fifo is non-zero. It's
- only valid if saved_fifo is set
-
- 2/15
- ----
-{arrayfunc,braces,variables}.c
- - last_command_exit_value: make sure it's set before any calls to
- report_error, since -e will cause that to exit the shell
-
-builtins/common.c
- - get_job_by_name: call internal_error instead of report_error so this
- doesn't exit the shell
-
- 2/18
- ----
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - parse_and_execute: make sure the file descriptor to be redirected to
- is 1 before calling cat_file. One fix for bug reported by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-parse.y
- - read_token_word: don't return NUMBER if a string of all digits
- resolves to a number that overflows the bounds of an intmax_t.
- Other fix for bug reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 2/19
- ----
-lib/sh/strtrans.c
- - ansicstr: use 0x7f as the boundary for characters that translate
- directly from ASCII to unicode (\u and \U escapes) instead of
- UCHAR_MAX, since everything >= 0x80 requires more than one byte.
- Bug and fix from John Kearney <dethrophes@web.de>
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - tescape: ditto for printf \u and \U escape sequences
-
- 2/20
- ----
-lib/sh/unicode.c
- - u32toutf8: fix to handle encodings up to six bytes long correctly
- (though technically UTF-8 only has characters up to 4 bytes long).
- Report and fix from John Kearney <dethrophes@web.de>
- - u32toutf8: first argument is now an unsigned 32-bit quantity,
- changed callers (u32cconv) to pass c instead of wc
- - u32reset: new function, resets local static state to uninitialized
- (locale information, currently)
-
-locale.c
- - call u32reset whenever LC_CTYPE/LC_ALL/LANG is changed to reset the
- cached locale information used by u32cconv. From a report from
- John Kearney <dethrophes@web.de>
-
- 2/21
- ----
-doc/{bash,builtins}.1
- - minor changes from Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
-
-lib/sh/unicode.c
- - u32cconv: only assume you can directly call wctomb on the passed
- value if __STDC_ISO_10646__ is defined and the value is <=
- 0x7fffffff
- - stub_charset: return locale as default instead of "ASCII", let
- rest of code decide what to do with it
-
-lib/readline/parens.c
- - _rl_enable_paren_matching: make paren matching work in vi insert
- mode. Bug report from <derflob@derflob.de>
-
- 2/22
- ----
-lib/sh/shquote.c
- - sh_backslash_quote: quote tilde in places where it would be
- expanded. From a report from John Kearney <dethrophes@web.de>
-
- 2/23
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_pipeline: wrap the discard_unwind_frame call in #ifdef
- JOB_CONTROL, since the frame is only created if JOB_CONTROL is
- defined. Bug and fix from Doug Kehn <rdkehn@yahoo.com>
-
- 2/25
- ----
-error.c
- - report_error: make sure last_command_exit_value is non-zero before
- we call exit_shell, since the exit trap may reference it. Call
- exit_shell with last_command_exit_value to allow exit statuses
- other than 1
-
-unicode.c
- - stub_charset: use local static buffer to hold charset, don't change
- value returned by get_locale_var. Based on idea and code from
- John Kearney <dethrophes@web.de>
- - u32toutf16: function to convert unsigned 32-bit value (unicode) to
- UTF-16. From John Kearney <dethrophes@web.de>
- - u32cconv: call u32toutf16 if __STDC_ISO_10646__ defined and wchar_t
- is two bytes, send result to wcstombs, return if not encoding error.
- From John Kearney <dethrophes@web.de>
- - u32cconv: return UTF-8 conversion if iconv conversion to local
- charset is unsupported
-
- 3/2
- ---
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - print_filename: if there is no directory hook, but there is a stat
- hook, and we want to append a slash to directories, call the stat
- hook before calling path_isdir on the expanded directory name.
- Report and pointer to fix from Steve Rago <sar@nec-labs.com>
-
- 3/3
- ---
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - parse_and_execute: fix to change of 2/18: make sure the file
- descriptor being redirected to is 0 before calling cat_file when
- we see something like $(< file). Real fix for bug reported by
- Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_patsub: run the replacement string through quote
- removal even if the expansion is within double quotes, because
- the parser and string extract functions treat the quotes and
- backslashes as special. If they're treated as special, quote
- removal should remove them (this is the Posix position and
- compatible with ksh93). THIS IS NOT BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE.
-
- 3/4
- ---
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - rl_menu_complete: fix to make show-all-if-ambiguous and
- menu-complete-display-prefix work together if both are set. Fix
- from Sami Pietila <sami.pietila@gmail.com>
-
- 3/5
- ---
-bashline.c
- - dircomplete_expand_relpath: new variable, if non-zero, means that
- `shopt -s direxpand' should expand relative pathnames. Zero by
- default, not user-settable yet
- - bash_directory_completion_hook: if we have a relative pathname that
- isn't changed by canonicalization or spell checking after being
- appended to $PWD, then don't change what the user typed. Controlled
- by dircomplete_expand_relpath
-
- 3/7
- ---
-m4/timespec.m4
- - new macros, cribbed from gnulib and coreutils: find out whether we
- have `struct timespec' and what file includes it
-
-m4/stat-time.m4
- - new macros, cribbed from gnulib and coreutils: find out whether the
- mtime/atime/ctime/etctime fields of struct stat are of type
- struct timespec, and what the name is
-
-include/stat-time.h
- - new file, cribbed from gnulib, with additions from coreutils: include
- the right file to get the struct timespec define, or provide our own
- replacement. Provides a bunch of inline functions to turn the
- appropriate members of struct stat into `struct timespec' values,
- zeroing out the tv_nsec field if necessary
-
-test.c
- - include "stat-time.h" for the nanosecond timestamp resolution stuff
- - stat_mtime: new function, returns struct stat and the mod time
- normalized into a `struct timespec' for the filename passed as the
- first argument
- - filecomp: call stat_mtime instead of sh_stat for each filename
- argument to get the mtime as a struct timespec
- - filecomp: call timespec_cmp instead of using a straight arithmetic
- comparison for the -nt and -ot operators, using timespec returned by
- stat_mtime. Added functionality requested by by Werner Fink
- <werner@suse.de> for systems that can support it
-
- 3/10
- ----
-include/posixdir.h
- - REAL_DIR_ENTRY: remove dependency on _POSIX_SOURCE, only use feature
- test macros to decide whether dirent.d_ino is present and usable;
- define D_INO_AVAILABLE. Report and fix from Fabrizion Gennari
- <fabrizio.ge@tiscali.it>
- - D_FILENO_AVAILABLE: define if we can use dirent.d_fileno
-
-lib/sh/getcwd.c
- - use D_FILENO_AVAILABLE to decide whether or not to compile in
- _path_checkino and whether or not to call it. Report and initial
- fix from Fabrizion Gennari <fabrizio.ge@tiscali.it>
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - make sure all occurrences of SIGWINCH are protected by #ifdef
-
-sig.c
- - make sure all occurrences of SIGCHLD are protected by #ifdef
-
-nojobs.c
- - make sure SA_RESTART is defined to 0 if the OS doesn't define it
-
-version.c
- - show_shell_version: don't use string literals in printf, use %s.
- Has added benefit of removing newline from string to be translated
-
-trap.c
- - queue_sigchld_trap: new function, increments the number of pending
- SIGCHLD signals by the argument, which is by convention the number
- of children reaped in a call to waitchld()
-
-trap.h
- - queue_sigchld_trap: new extern declaration
-
-jobs.c
- - waitchld: if called from the SIGCHLD signal handler (sigchld > 0),
- then call queue_sigchld_trap to avoid running the trap in a signal
- handler context. Report and original fix from Siddhesh Poyarekar
- <siddhesh@redhat.com>
-
-lib/sh/unicode.c
- - u32tocesc: take an unsigned 32-bit quantity and encode it using
- ISO C99 string notation (\u/\U)
- - u32cconv: call u32tocesc as a fallback instead of u32cchar
- - u32cconv: call u32tocesc if iconv cannot convert the character.
- Maybe do the same thing if iconv_open fails
- - u32reset: call iconv_close on localconv if u32init == 1
-
- 3/11
- ----
-config-top.h
- - CHECKWINSIZE_DEFAULT: new define, set to initial value of
- check_window_size (shopt checkwinsize): 0 for off, 1 for on.
- Default is 0
-
-{jobs,nojobs}.c
- - check_window_size: default initial value to CHECKWINSIZE_DEFAULT
-
- 3/13
- ----
-doc/bashref.texi
- - change text referring to the copying restrictions to that
- recommended by the FSF (no Front-Cover Texts and no Back-Cover
- Texts)
-
-lib/readline/doc/{history,rlman,rluserman}.texi
- - change text referring to the copying restrictions to that
- recommended by the FSF (no Front-Cover Texts and no Back-Cover
- Texts)
-
- 3/15
- ----
-array.c
- - LASTREF_START: new macro to set the starting position for an array
- traversal to `lastref' if that's valid, and to the start of the array
- if not. Used in array_reference, array_insert, array_remove
- - array_remove: try to be a little smarter with lastref instead of
- unconditionally invalidating it
-
- 3/16
- ----
-array.c
- - array_insert: fix memory leak by deleting element to be added in the
- case of an error
-
- 3/18
- ----
-lib/sh/mbschr.c
- - mbschr: don't call mbrlen unless is_basic is false; devolves to a
- straight character-by-character run through the string
-
- 3/19
- ----
-stringlib.c
- - substring: use memcpy instead of strncpy, since we know the length
- and are going to add our own NUL terminator
-
- 3/20
- ----
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand_rhs: if expand_string_for_rhs returns a quoted
- null string (a list with one element for which
- QUOTED_NULL(list->word->word) returns true), return the quoted null
- and set the flags in the returned word to indicate it. Fixes bug
- reported by Mark Edgar <medgar123@gmail.com>
-
-lib/sh/tmpfile.c
- - use random(3) instead of get_random_number to avoid perturbing the
- random sequence you get using $RANDOM. Bug report and fix from
- Jurij Mihelic <jurij.mihelic@fri.uni-lj.si>
-
- 3/21
- ----
-config-top.h
- - OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT: define to 1 to optimize
- sequential indexed array assignment patterns. Defined to 1 by
- default
-
-array.c
- - array_insert: if OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT is defined,
- start the search at lastref (see change from 3/15)
-
- 3/27
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - debug_print_word_list: new debugging function, prints a word list
- preceded by an optional string and using a caller-specified
- separator
-
- 4/1
- ---
-command.h
- - W_ASSNGLOBAL: new flag, set to indicate declare -g
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix_assignment_words: note that we have a -g argument to an assignment
- builtin and set the W_ASSNGLOBAL flag in the variable word
-
-subst.c
- - dump_word_flags: print out W_ASSNGLOBAL if present
- - do_assignment_internal: only set ASS_MKLOCAL if W_ASSIGNARG is set
- and W_ASSNGLOBAL is not. Don't want to create a local variable even
- if variable_context is non-zero if ASSNGLOBAL is set. Fixes bug
- reported by Bill Gradwohl <bill@ycc.com>
-
- 4/7
- ---
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq: make the `keyseq-timeout' variable apply to
- ESC processing when in vi mode. After hitting ESC, readline will
- wait up to _rl_keyseq_timeout*1000 microseconds (if set) for
- additional input before dispatching on the ESC and switching to
- command/movement mode. Completes timeout work suggested by
- <rogerx.oss@gmail.com>; this prompted by report from Barry Downes
- <barry.downes@gmail.com>
-
-lib/sh/shmbchar.c
- - sh_mbsnlen: new function, returns the number of (possibly multibyte)
- characters in a passed string with a passed length, examining at most
- maxlen (third argument) bytes
-
-externs.h
- - sh_mbsnlen: extern declaration for new function
-
-shell.c
- - exit_shell: call maybe_save_shell_history if remember_on_history is
- set, not just in interactive shells. That means the history is
- saved if history is enabled, regardless of whether or not the shell
- is interactive
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - TMOUT: fix description to make it explicit that TMOUT is the timeout
- period for a complete line of input, not just any input. Fixes
- problem reported in Ubuntu bug 957303:
- https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bash/+bug/957303
- - HISTFILE: document change to write history list to history file in
- any shell with history enabled, not just interactive shells. This
- seems to be more logical behavior. Suggested by Greg Wooledge
- <wooledg@eeg.ccf.org>
-
- 4/12
- ----
-lib/readline/colors.h
- - only include stdbool.h if HAVE_STDBOOL_H is defined
- - if HAVE_STDBOOL_H is not defined, provide enough definition for the
- library to use `bool', `true', and `false'
-
-lib/readline/parse-colors.[ch]
- - don't try to include <stdbool.h> at all; rely on colors.h to do it
-
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - vsnprintf_internal: only treat '0' as a flag to indicate zero padding
- if `.' hasn't been encountered ((flags&PF_DOT) == 0); otherwise treat
- it as the first digit of a precision specifier. Fixes bug reported
- by Petr Sumbera <petr.sumbera@sun.com>
-
- 4/15
- ----
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - vsnprintf_internal: if the '0' and '-' flags both occur, the '0'
- flag is ignored -- Posix. Start of a series of fixes based on
- tests and patches from Petr Sumbera <petr.sumbera@sun.com>
- - PUT_PLUS: make sure PF_PLUS flag is specified before putting the `+'
- - vsnprintf_internal: when '+' is read as a flag, don't set right-
- justify flag if the LADJUST (`-') flag has already been supplied
- - floating: make sure to output space padding before the `+', zero
- padding after
- - exponent: make sure to output space padding before the `+', zero
- padding after
- - exponent: only subtract one from the width for the decimal point
- if we're really going to print one
- - floating: use presence of PF_PLUS flag to decide whether to account
- for the `+' in the padded field width. Ditto for exponent()
-
- 4/16
- ----
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - vsnprint_internal: only reduce precision by 1 when processing the `g'
- format if it's > 0. A precision of 0 should stay 0; otherwise it
- gets set to -1 (NOT_FOUND) and converted to the default
- - number, lnumber: if an explicit precision is supplied, turn off the
- zero-padding flag and set the pad character back to space
- - number, lnumber: only account for a `+' when performing the field
- width calculation if the coversion is base 10; we don't add a `+'
- for other bases
-
- 4/18
- ----
-tests/printf3.sub
- - try using "perl -e 'print time'" to get the current time in seconds
- since the epoch if "date +%s" is not available (solaris 8-10)
-
- 4/19
- ----
-tests/run-printf
- - use cat -v instead of relying on diff -a being available to convert
- control characters to ascii and avoid the dreaded "Binary files
- /tmp/xx and printf.right differ"
-
- 4/20
- ----
-lib/sh/strftime.c
- - incoporated new version from Aharon Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
-
- 4/22
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - slight change to the description of /dev/tcp and /dev/udp
-
-subst.c
- - match_wpattern: logic fix to the calculation of `simple' (was |=,
- needs to be &=). Bug report from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>,
- fix from Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
-
-bashline.c
- - bash_filename_stat_hook: add code from bash_directory_completion_hook
- that performs pathname canonicalization in the same way that cd and
- other builtins will do
-
- 4/25
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_pipeline: change the call to move_to_high_fd to make it use
- getdtablesize() and to not stomp on existing open file descriptors,
- like the fd the shell is using to read a script. Bug report from
- Greg Wooledge <wooledg@eeg.ccf.org>
-
- 5/6
- ---
-subst.c
- - expand_word_internal: case '$': after calling param_expand and
- setting had_quoted_null, set TEMP to null. The code that builds the
- returned string at the end of the function will take care of making
- and returning a quoted null string if there's nothing else in
- ISTRING. If there is, the quoted null should just go away. Part of
- fix for bug reported by Ruediger Kuhlmann <RKuhlmann@orga-systems.com>
- - expand_word_internal: when processing ISTRING to build return value,
- only set W_HASQUOTEDNULL in the returned word flags if the word is
- a quoted null string AND had_quoted_null is set. Rest of fix
-
- 5/9
- ---
-variables.c
- - bind_variable_internal: if we get an array variable here (implicit
- assignment to index 0), call make_array_variable_value, which
- dummies up a fake SHELL_VAR * from array[0]. This matters when
- we're appending and have to use the current value
- - bind_variable_internal: after computing the new value, treat assoc
- variables with higher precedence than simple array variables; it
- might be that a variable has both attributes set
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - bind_array_var_internal: break code out that handles creating the
- new value to be assigned to an array variable index into a new
- function, make_array_variable_value. This handles creating a
- dummy SHELL_VAR * for implicit array[0] assignment. Fixes bug
- reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-arrayfunc.h
- - make_array_variable_value: new extern declaration
-
- 5/19
- ----
-variables.c
- - bind_int_variable: if an assignment statement like x=y comes in
- from the expression evaluator, and x is an array, handle it like
- x[0]=y. Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 5/24
- ----
-
-braces.c
- - mkseq: handle possible overflow and break the sequence generating
- loop if it occurs. Fixes OpenSUSE bug 763591:
- https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=763591
-
- 5/25
- ----
-Makefile.in
- - LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD: add to compilation recipes for build tools
- buildversion, mksignames, mksyntax
- - LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD: add to compilation recipes for test tools
- recho, zecho, printenv, xcase
-
-builtins/Makefile.in
- - LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD: add to compilation recipes for build tools
- gen-helpfiles, psize.aux
-
-variables.c
- - bind_int_variable: if LHS is a simple variable name without an array
- reference, but resolves to an array variable, call
- bind_array_variable with index 0 to make x=1 equivalent to x[0]=1.
- Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 5/27
- ----
-subst.c
- - expand_word_internal: make sure has_dollar_at doesn't get reset before
- recursive calls to param_expand or expand_word_internal, since it has
- to save state of what came before. Use temp variable and make sure
- has_dollar_at is incremented if recursive call processes "$@".
- Fixes bug reported by gregrwm <backuppc-users@whitleymott.net> and
- supplemented by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - changes to the description of substring expansion inspired by
- suggestions from Bill Gradwohl <bill@ycc.com>
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - added substring expansion examples inspired by suggestions from
- Bill Gradwohl <bill@ycc.com>
-
-variables.c
- - find_shell_variable: search for a variable in the list of shell
- contexts, ignore the temporary environment
- - find_variable_tempenv: search for a variable in the list of shell
- contexts, force search of the temporary environment
- - find_variable_notempenv: search for a variable in the list of shell
- contexts, don't force search of the temporary environment
-
-variables.h
- - find_shell_variable: extern declaration
- - find_variable_tempenv: extern declaration
- - find_variable_notempenv: extern declaration
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - bind_array_variable: call find_shell_variable instead of calling
- var_lookup directly
-
-findcmd.c
- - search_for_command: call find_variable_tempenv instead of
- find_variable_internal directly
- - _find_user_command_internal: call find_variable_tempenv instead of
- find_variable_internal directly
-
-builtins/setattr.def
- - set_var_attribute: call find_variable_notempenv instead of
- find_variable_internal directly
- - show_name_attributes: call find_variable_tempenv instead of
- find_variable_internal directly
-
- 6/1
- ---
-sig.c
- - termsig_handler: don't try to save the shell history on a terminating
- signal any more, since it just causes too many problems on Linux
- systems using glibc and glibc malloc
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - rl_vi_change_to: change to correctly redo `cc', since `c' is not a vi
- motion character. From Red Hat bug 813289
- - rl_vi_delete_to: change to correctly redo `dd', since `d' is not a vi
- motion character
- - rl_vi_yank_to: change to correctly redo `yy', since `y' is not a vi
- motion character
-
- 6/4
- ---
-lib/sh/mktime.c
- - current versions of VMS do not need to include <stddef.h>. Fix from
- John E. Malmberg <wb8tyw@qsl.net>
-
- 6/5
- ---
-lib/sh/eaccess.c
- - sh_stat: instead of using a static buffer to do the DEV_FD_PREFIX
- translation, use a dynamically-allocated buffer that we keep
- resizing. Fixes potential security hole reported by David Leverton
- <levertond@googlemail.com>
-
- 6/5
- ---
-braces.c
- - expand_seqterm: check errno == ERANGE after calling strtoimax for
- rhs and incr. Part of a set of fixes from Scott McMillan
- <scotty.mcmillan@gmail.com>
- - expand_seqterm: incr now of type `intmax_t', which changes
- arguments to mkseq
- - mkseq: a better fix for detecting overflow and underflow since it's
- undefined in C and compilers `optimize' out overflow checks. Uses
- ADDOVERFLOW and SUBOVERFLOW macros
- - mkseq: use sh_imaxabs (new macro) instead of abs() for intmax_t
- variables
- - mkseq: don't allow incr to be converted to -INTMAX_MIN
- - mkseq: make sure that strvec_create isn't called with a size argument
- greater than INT_MAX, since it only takes an int
-
- 6/6
- ---
-braces.c
- - mkseq: try and be smarter about not overallocating elements in
- the return array if the increment is not 1 or -1
-
- 6/7
- ---
-parse.y
- - history_delimiting_chars: if the parser says we're in the middle of
- a compound assignment (PST_COMPASSIGN), just return a space to avoid
- adding a stray semicolon to the history entry. Fixes bug reported
- by "Davide Brini" <dave_br@gmx.com>
-
- 6/8
- ---
-bashline.c
- - bash_directory_completion_hook: don't attempt spelling correction
- on the directory name unless the direxpand option is set and we are
- going to replace the directory name with the corrected one in the
- readline line. Suggested by Linda Walsh <bash@tlinx.org>
-
-lib/sh/shquote.c
- - sh_backslash_quote: now takes a third argument: flags. If non-zero,
- tildes are not backslash-escaped. Have to handle both printf %q,
- where they should be escaped, and filename completion, where they
- should not when used as usernames
-
-externs.h
- - sh_backslash_quote: declaration now takes a third argument
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - printf_builtin: call sh_backslash_quote with 1 as third argument
- so tildes get escaped
-
-{bashline,bracecomp}.c
- - call sh_backslash_quote with 0 as third argument so tildes are not
- escaped in completed words
-
-doc/bash.1
- - add `coproc' to the list of reserved words. From a report by
- Jens Schweikhardt <schweikh@schweikhardt.net>
-
- 6/10
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - line_number_for_err_trap: now global, so parse_and_execute can save
- and restore it with unwind-protect
-
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - parse_prologue: save and restore line_number_for_err_trap along
- with line_number
- - restore_lastcom: new function, unwind-protect to restore
- the_printed_command_except_trap
- - parse_prologue: use restore_lastcom to save and restore the value
- of the_printed_command_except_trap around calls to parse_and_execute
- (eval/source/.)
-
- 6/15
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - complete_fncmp: change filename comparison code to understand
- multibyte characters, even when doing case-sensitive or case-mapping
- comparisons. Fixes problem reported by Nikolay Shirokovskiy
- <nshyrokovskiy@gmail.com>
-
- 6/20
- ----
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - mapfile: move the line count increment and check for having read
- the specified number of lines to the end of the loop to avoid
- reading an additional line with zgetline. Fixes bug reported by
- Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 6/21
- ----
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_pipeline: make sure `lastpipe_flag' is initialized to 0 on
- all systems, since it's tested later in the function. Fixes bug
- reported by John E. Malmberg <wb8tyw@qsl.net>
-
- 6/22
- ----
-mailcheck.c
- - file_mod_date_changed: return 0 right away if mailstat() does not
- return success. Fixes bug with using uninitialized values reported
- by szymon.kalasz@uj.edu.pl
-
-builtins/set.def
- - the `monitor' option is not available when the shell is compiled
- without job control, since the underlying `m' flag is not available
-
-nojobs.c
- - job_control: now declared as int variable, initialized to 0, never
- modified
-
-jobs.h
- - job_control: extern declaration no longer dependent on JOB_CONTROL
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_pipeline: made necessary changes so `lastpipe' shell option
- is now available in all shells, even those compiled without
- JOB_CONTROL defined
-
- 6/23
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - glob_filename: check for interrupts before returning if glob_vector
- returns NULL or an error. Bug reported by Serge van den Boom
- <svdb@stack.nl>, fix from Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
- - call run_pending_traps after each call to QUIT or test of
- interrupt_state, like we do in mainline shell code
- - glob_vector: don't call QUIT; in `if (lose)' code block; just free
- memory, return NULL, and let callers deal with interrupt_state or
- other signals and traps
-
- 6/25
- ----
-lib/readline/input.c
- - rl_read_key: restructure the loop that calls the event hook a little,
- so that the hook is called only after rl_gather_tyi returns no input,
- and any pending input is returned first. This results in better
- efficiency for processing pending input without calling the hook
- on every input character as bash-4.1 did. From a report from
- Max Horn <max@quendi.de>
-
- 6/26
- ----
-trap.c
- - signal_is_pending: return TRUE if SIG argument has been received and
- a trap is waiting to execute
-
-trap.h
- - signal_is_pending: extern declaration
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - glob_vector: check for pending SIGINT trap each time through the loop,
- just like we check for interrupt_state or terminating_signal, and
- set `lose = 1' so we clean up after ourselves and interrupt the
- operation before running the trap. This may require a change later,
- maybe call run_pending_traps and do that if run_pending_traps returns?
-
-variables.c
- - sv_histtimefmt: set history_comment_character to default (`#') if
- it's 0 when we're turning on history timestamps. The history code
- uses the history comment character to prefix timestamps, and
- leaving it at 0 effectively removes them from the history. From a
- report to help-bash by Dennis Williamson <dennistwilliamson@gmail.com>
-
- 6/27
- ----
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - rl_maybe_restore_sighandler: new function, sets handler for SIG to
- HANDLER->sa_handler only if it's not SIG_IGN. Needs to be called
- on same signals set using rl_maybe_set_sighandler, which does not
- override an existing SIG_IGN handler (SIGALRM is ok since it does
- the check inline; doesn't mess with SIGWINCH)
-
- 6/30
- ----
-variables.h
- - additional defines for the new `nameref' variable attribute
- (att_nameref): nameref_p, nameref_cell, var_setref
-
-variables.c
- - find_variable_nameref: resolve SHELL_VAR V through chain of namerefs
- - find_variable_last_nameref: resolve variable NAME until last in a
- chain of possibly more than one nameref starting at shell_variables
- - find_global_variable_last_nameref: resolve variable NAME until last
- in a chain of possibly more than one nameref starting at
- global_variables
- - find_nameref_at_context: resolve SHELL_VAR V through chain of namerefs
- in a specific variable context (usually a local variable hash table)
- - find_variable_nameref_context: resolve SHELL_VAR V through chain of
- namerefs following a chain of varible contexts
- - find_variable_last_nameref_context: resolve SHELL_VAR V as in
- find_variable_last_context, but return the final nameref instead of
- what the final nameref resolves to
- - find_variable_tempenv, find_variable_notempenv, find_global_variable,
- find_shell_variable, find_variable: modified to follow namerefs
- - find_global_variable_noref: look up a global variable without following
- any namerefs
- - find_variable_noref: look up a shell variable without following any
- namerefs
- - bind_variable_internal: modify to follow a chain of namerefs in the
- global variables table; change to handle assignments to a nameref by
- following nameref chain
- - bind_variable: modify to follow chain of namerefs when binding to a
- local variable
- - unbind_variable: changes to unset nameref variables (unsets both
- nameref and variable it resolves to)
-
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand_word: change to handle expanding nameref whose
- value is x[n]
- - parameter_brace_expand_indir: change to expand in ksh93-compatible
- way if variable to be indirected is nameref and a simple (non-array)
- expansion
- - param_expand: change to expand $foo where foo is a nameref whose value
- is x[n]
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_for_command: changes to implement ksh93 semantics when index
- variable is a nameref
-
-builtins/setattr.def
- - show_var_attributes: change to add `n' to flags list if att_nameref
- is set
-
-builtins/set.def
- - unset_builtin: changes to error messages to follow nameref variables
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - document new -n option
- - declare_internal: new `-n' and `+n' options
- - declare_internal: handle declare -n var[=value] and
- declare +n var[=value] for existing and non-existant variables.
- Enforce restriction that nameref variables cannot be arrays.
- Implement semi-peculiar ksh93 semantics for typeset +n ref=value
-
- 7/5
- ---
-variables.c
- - unbind_variable: unset whatever a nameref resolves to, leaving the
- nameref variable itself alone
- - unbind_nameref: new function, unsets a nameref variable, not the
- variable it references
-
-variables.h
- - unbind_nameref: extern declaration
-
-builtins/set.def
- - unset_builtin: modify to add -n option, which calls unbind_nameref
- leaving unbind_variable for the usual case. This required slight
- changes and additions to the test suite
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document namerefs and typeset/declare/local/unset -n
-
- 7/13
- ----
-lib/sh/casemod.c
- - include shmbchar.h for is_basic and supporting pieces
- - sh_casemod: use _to_wupper and _to_wlower to convert wide character
- case instead of TOUPPER and TOLOWER. Fixes bug reported by
- Dennis Williamson <dennistwilliamson@gmail.com>, fix from
- Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
- - cval: short-circuit and return ascii value if is_basic tests true
- - sh_casemod: short-circuit and use non-multibyte case modification
- and toggling code if is_basic tests true
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - _rl_{block,release}_sigint: remove the code that actually blocks and
- releases the signals, since we defer signal handling until calls to
- RL_CHECK_SIGNALS()
-
-lib/readline/{callback,readline,util}.c
- - if HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP is defined, use sigsetjmp/siglongjmp without
- saving and restoring the signal mask instead of setjmp/longjmp
-
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - prepare_terminal_settings: don't mess with IXOFF setting if
- USE_XON_XOFF defined
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - add some text to the description of set -e clarifying its effect
- on shell functions and shell function execution. Suggested by
- Rainer Blome <rainer.blome@gmx.de>
-
-bashline.c
- - edit_and_execute_command: increment current_command_line_count before
- adding partial line to command history (for command-oriented-history
- because of rl_newline at beginning of function), then reset it to 0
- before adding the dummy history entry to make sure the dummy entry
- doesn't get added to previous incomplete command. Partial fix for
- problem reported by Peng Yu <pengyu.ut@gmail.com>
-
- 7/24
- ----
-configure.in
- - interix: define RECYCLES_PIDS. Based on a report from Michael
- Haubenwallner <michael.haubenwallner@salomon.at>
-
- 7/26
- ----
-jobs.c
- - make_child: call bgp_delete on the newly-created pid unconditionally.
- Some systems reuse pids before cycling through an entire set of
- CHILD_MAX/_SC_CHILD_MAX unique pids. This is no longer dependent
- on RECYCLES_PIDS. Based on a report from Michael Haubenwallner
- <michael.haubenwallner@salomon.at>
-
-support/shobj-conf
- - Mac OS X: drop MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3 from the LDFLAGS. We
- can finally kill Panther
-
- 7/28
- ----
-subst.c
- - command_substitute: make sure last_made_pid gets reset if make_child
- fails
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: case cm_simple: decide whether or not to
- wait_for a child if already_making_children is non-zero, indicates
- that there is an unwaited-for child. More of fix for bug report
- from Michael Haubenwallner <michael.haubenwallner@salomon.at>
-
-jobs.c
- - make_child: call delete_old_job (new_pid) unconditionally, don't
- bother to check whether or not pid wrap occurred. Rest of fix for
- bug report from Michael Haubenwallner
- <michael.haubenwallner@salomon.at>
-
- 7/29
- ----
-shell.c
- - subshell_exit: new function, exits the shell (via call to sh_exit())
- after calling any defined exit trap
-
-externs.h
- - subshell_exit: new extern declaration
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: make sure to call subshell_exit for
- {} group commands executed asynchronously (&). Part of fix for
- EXIT trap bug reported by Maarten Billemont <lhunath@lyndir.com>
-
-sig.c
- - reset_terminating_signals: make sure to set termsigs_initialized back
- to 0, so a subsequent call to initialize_terminating_signals works
- right. Rest of fix for bug reported by Maarten Billemont
- <lhunath@lyndir.com>
-
-{execute_cmd,general,jobs,mailcheck,mksyntax,test}.c
-builtins/{cd,fc,pushd,ulimit}.def
-lib/malloc/getpagesize.h
-lib/sh/{clktck,fpurge,inet_aton,mailstat,oslib,pathcanon,pathphys,spell,strerror}.c
- - make inclusion of <sys/param.h> dependent on HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
- consistently
-
- 8/6
- ---
-lib/readline/histexpand.c
- - history_expand_internal: now takes an additional argument saying
- whether the history expansion occurs within a quoted string, set to
- the open quote character
- - history_expand_internal: use new argument instead of checking prev
- char and initializing quoted_search_delimiter, pass qc directly to
- get_history_event, where it allows a matching quote to terminate a
- string defining an event
- - history_expand: change single-quote handling code so that if
- history_quotes_inhibit_expansion is 0, single quotes are treated
- like double quotes
- - history_expand: change call to history_expand_internal to pass new
- argument of `"' if double-quoted string, `'' if single-quoted string;
- this lets history_expand decide what is a quoted string and what
- is not
-
- 8/7
- ---
-configure.in
- - AC_CANONICAL_BUILD: invoke for later use
-
-lib/readline/macro.c
- - _rl_prev_macro_key: new function, inverse of _rl_next_macro_key:
- backs up the index into the current macro by 1
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_prev_macro_key: extern declaration
-
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq, _rl_subseq_result: don't call _rl_unget_char
- if we're currently reading from a macro; call _rl_prev_macro_key
- instead. Fixes bug reported by Clark Wang <clark.wang@oracle.com>
-
- 8/13
- ----
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - evalstring(): new function, wrapper around parse_and_execute.
- make sure we handle cases where parse_and_execute can call `return'
- and short-circuit without cleaning up properly. We call
- parse_and_execute_cleanup() then jump to the previous-saved return
- location
-
-builtins/common.h
- - extern declaration for evalstring()
-
-builtins/eval.def
- - eval_builtin: make sure we handle `eval " ... return"' in contexts
- where `return' is valid by calling evalstring(). Fixes bug with
- `eval return' in sourced files reported by Clark Wang
- <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
-trap.c
- - run_pending_traps: call evalstring instead of parse_and_execute.
- XXX - still needs to handle saving and restoring token state in the
- presence of `return'; could use unwind_protects for that
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - run_callback: call evalstring instead of parse_and_execute
-
- 8/15
- ----
-bashline.c
- - bash_filename_stat_hook: make sure we don't free local_dirname
- before using it to canonicalize any expanded filename. Make sure
- it always points to *dirname and only free it if we're replacing
- it.
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - append_to_match: make sure we call rl_filename_stat_hook with
- newly-allocated memory to avoid problems with freeing it twice
-
- 8/17
- ----
-variables.c,config-top.h
- - if ARRAY_EXPORT is defined to 1 when variables.c is compiled, the
- code that allows indexed arrays to be exported is enabled and
- included
-
- 8/19
- ----
-shell.c
- - call start_debugger from main() only if dollar_vars[1] != 0 (close
- enough to a non-interactive shell, since we can be interactive with
- -i while running a shell script). Fixes oddity reported by
- Techlive Zheng <techlivezheng@gmail.com>
-
- 8/20
- ----
-arrayfunc.c
- - quote_array_assignment_chars: don't bother quoting if the word has
- not been marked as an assignment (W_ASSIGNMENT)
- - quote_array_assignment_chars: turn on W_NOGLOB in the word flags
- so assignment statements don't undergo globbing. Partial fix for
- problems reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 8/21
- ----
-command.h
- - W_NOBRACE: new word flag that means to inhibit brace expansion
-
-subst.c
- - brace_expand_word_list: suppress brace expansion for words with
- W_NOBRACE flag
-
- 8/22
- ----
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: don't call dequote_string on what we've read, even if
- we saw an escape character, unless (input_string && *input_string).
- We may have escaped an IFS whitespace character. Fixes seg fault
- reported by <armandsl@gmail.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: set the_printed_command_except trap when
- about to execute a ( ... ) user subshell. For now, set it only if
- ERR is trapped; can relax that later. Fixes bug reported by
- Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 8/23
- ----
-jobs.c
- - remove references to first_pid and pid_wrap, since we're not using
- them for anything anymore
-
- 8/24
- ----
-subst.c
- - changes for W_NOBRACE everywhere appropriate: so it can be displayed
- for debugging, and passed out of expand_word_internal
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - small changes to make it clearer that the = and == operators are
- equivalent, and will cause pattern matching when used with [[.
- From a question from Michal Soltys <soltys@ziu.info>
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - some small formatting changes from Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
-
- 8/27
- ----
-lib/readline/doc/{history,rlman,rluserman}.texi
- - some small formatting changes from Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - assign_array_element_internal, assign_compound_array_list,
- unbind_array_element, array_value_internal: changes to make
- assignment statements to negative indices (a[-1]=2) and unsetting
- array elements using negative indices (unset 'a[-1]') work.
- From suggestions by Dennis Williamson <dennistwilliamson@gmail.com>
- and Chris F. A. Johnson <chris@cfajohnson.com>
-
-subst.c
- - array_length_reference: changes to make length references to array
- elements using negative indices (${#a[-1]}) work
-
- 8/28
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new treatment of negative indices to indexed arrays when
- assigning, referencing, calculating length, and unsetting
-
- 8/29
- ----
-shell.c
- - show_shell_usage: add -l to list of shell invocation options (short
- for --login). From Red Hat bug 852469
-
-configure.ac
- - renamed from configure.in, as latest autoconf versions want. Patches
- Stefano Lattarini <stefano.lattarini@gmail.com>
-
-MANIFEST,Makefile.in,doc/bashref.texi,support/mkconffiles
- - configure.in -> configure.ac
-
- 9/1
- ---
-
-parse.y
- - read_token_word: allow words like {array[ind]} to be valid redirection
- words for constructs like {x}<file
-
-redir.c
- - redir_varassign: bind_var_to_int already handles array assignments,
- so don't need to do anything more for things like {a[i]}<file
- - redir_varvalue: changes to allow references to {a[i]} when
- performing redirections using valid_array_reference and
- get_array_value. Adds functionality requested most recently by
- <unknown@vmw-les.eng.vmware.com>
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - update_line: if the first difference between the old and new lines
- is completely before any invisible characters in the prompt, we
- should not adjust _rl_last_c_pos, since it's before any invisible
- characters. Fixed in two places
- - prompt_modechar: return a character indicating the editing mode:
- emacs (@), vi command (:), or vi insert (+)
- - _rl_reset_prompt: new function, just calls rl_expand_prompt. Will be
- inlined, placeholder for more changes
- - expand_prompt: if show-mode-in-prompt is enabled, add a character to
- the front of the prompt indicating the editing mode, adjusting the
- various variables as appropriate to keep track of the number of
- visible characters and number of screen positions
-
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - show-mode-in-prompt: new bindable boolean variable, shadowed by
- _rl_show_mode_in_prompt variable
- - hack_special_boolean_var: call _rl_reset_prompt when toggling or
- setting show-mode-in-prompt
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - readline_internal_setup: make sure the correct vi mode keymap is set
- before expanding the prompt string for the first time
-
-lib/readline/misc.c
- - rl_emacs_editing_mode: make sure to call _rl_reset_prompt if we're
- showing the editing mode in the prompt
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - _rl_reset_prompt, _rl_show_mode_in_prompt: extern declarations
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - rl_vi_insertion_mode: call _rl_reset_prompt
- - rl_vi_movement_mode: call _rl_reset_prompt. Finishes changes for
- showing mode in prompt string, originally requested by Miroslav
- Koskar <mkoskar@gmail.com> and most recently by Jordan Michael
- Ziegler <jziegler@bnl.gov>
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi}
- - document new show-mode-in-prompt variable, off by default
-
- 9/3
- ---
-
-jobs.c
- - set_childmax: new function, external mechanism for other parts of
- the shell to set js.c_childmax, the number of saved exited child
- statuses to remember
-jobs.h
- - set_childmax: extern declaration
-
-variables.c
- - CHILD_MAX: new special variable, with sv_childmax function to
- run when it changes. Setting CHILD_MAX to a value greater than
- zero but less than some maximum (currently 8192) sets the number of
- exited child statuses to remember. set_childmax (jobs.c) ensures
- that the number does not drop below the posix-mandated minimum
- (CHILD_MAX)
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - CHILD_MAX: document new meaning and action when variable is set
-
- 9/5
- ---
-redir.c
- - redir_varassign: call stupidly_hack_special_variables after
- assigning fd number to specified variable, so we can use constructs
- like {BASH_XTRACEFD}>foo. Suggested by Pierre Gaston
- <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
-
- 9/8
- ---
-expr.c
- - readtok: invalidate previous contents of `curlval' before freeing
- and reallocating tokstr (which, chances are, will get the same
- pointer as before and render curlval inconsistent). Fixes other
- bug reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 9/9
- ---
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - rl_username_completion_function: protect call to setpwent() with
- #ifdef (HAVE_GETPWENT)/#endif. Fixes bug reported by
- Gerd Hofmann <gerd.hofmann.nbg@googlemail.com>
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - rl_message: second and subsequent calls to rl_message can result in
- local_prompt being overwritten with new values (e.g., from the
- successive calls displaying the incremental search string). Need
- to free before overwriting if it's not the same as the value saved
- in saved_local_prompt. Fixes memory leak reported by
- Wouter Vermaelen <vermaelen.wouter@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/{terminal.c,rlprivate.h}
- - move CUSTOM_REDISPLAY_FUNC and CUSTOM_INPUT_FUNC defines from
- terminal.c to rlprivate.h so other files can use them
-
-expr.c
- - expr_streval: if noeval is non-zero, just return 0 right away,
- short-circuiting evaluation completely. readtok will leave curtok
- set correctly without re-entering the evaluator at all. Rest of
- fix for bug reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 9/11
- ----
-
-parse.y
- - parse_comsub: make sure the `reserved word ok in this context' flag
- is preserved after we read `do' followed by whitespace. Fixes bug
- reported by Benoit Vaugon <benoit.vaugon@gmail.com>
-
- 9/13
- ----
-configure.ac,config.h.in
- - enable-direxpand-default: new configure option, turns the `direxpand'
- shell option on by default
-
-bashline.c
- - dircomplete_expand, dircomplete_expand_relpath: initialize to 1 if
- DIRCOMPLETE_EXPAND_DEFAULT is defined and non-zero
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - enable-direxpand-default: document new configure option
-
- 9/14
- ----
-shell.c
- - --protected: make option valid only when wordexp is compiled into
- the shell. Fix from Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
-configure.ac
- - HP NonStop (*-nsk*): compile --without-bash-malloc. Change from
- Joachim Schmitz <jojo@schmitz-digital.de>
-
- 9/16
- ----
-subst.c,execute_cmd.c,lib/glob/sm_loop.c,lib/sh/shquote.c
- - minor code cleanups from Joachim Schmitz <jojo@schmitz-digital.de>
-
-lib/readline/colors.h
- - workaround for HP NonStop compiler issue with <stdbool.h> from
- Joachim Schmitz <jojo@schmitz-digital.de>
-
- 9/17
- ----
-builtins/printf.def
- - printf_builtin: handle localtime returning NULL, as can happen when
- encountering overflow. Bug report and initial fix from
- Eduardo A. Bustamante López <dualbus@gmail.com>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - emphasize that brace expansion using character ranges ({a..c}) acts
- as if the C locale were in use. Prompted by message from
- Marcel Giannelia <info@skeena.net>
-
- 9/20
- ----
-lib/sh/wcsnwidth.c
- - wcsnwidth: new function, variant of wcwidth, returns the number of
- wide characters from a string that will be displayed to not exceed
- a specified max column position
-
- 9/21
- ----
-builtins/help.def
- - show_builtin_command_help: break code that displays the short-doc
- for each builtin in two columns into a new function: dispcolumn
- - wdispcolumn: multibyte-char version of dispcolumn; uses wide
- chars and printf "%ls" format. Fixes problem reported by
- Nguyá»n Thái Ngá»c Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
-
- 9/22
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_disk_command: before running the command-not-found hook,
- call kill_current_pipeline() to make sure we don't add processes
- to an existing pipeline or wait for processes erroneously
-
- 9/23
- ----
-lib/readline/input.c
- - rl_input_available_hook: new hook function, called from
- _rl_input_available (or _rl_input_queued) to return whether or not
- input is available wherever the input source is
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - rl_input_available_hook: document
-
- 9/27
- ----
-lib/glob/sm_loop.c:
- - GMATCH: after one or more `*', an instance of ?(x) can match zero or
- 1 times (unlike ?, which has to match one character). The old code
- failed if it didn't match at least once. Fixes `a*?(x)' bug.
- - GMATCH: if we hit the end of the search string, but not the end of
- the pattern, and the rest of the pattern is something that can
- match the NUL at the end of the search string, we should successfully
- match. Fixes `a*!(x)' bug reported by <hans1worst@gmail.com>
-
- 10/2
- ----
-command.h
- - add c_lock member to coproc structure for future use to tell who is
- manipulating it
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_coproc: block SIGCHLD while parent is forking coproc
- process and adding pid to sh_coproc struct to avoid race condition
- where child is reaped before the pid is assigned and the coproc is
- never marked as having died. Fixes race condition identified by
- Davide Baldini <baldiniebaldini@gmail.com>
- - add assignments to c_lock member of struct coproc in various
- functions that manipulate it; was used to identify race condition
- - coproc_pidchk: don't call coproc_dispose to avoid using malloc and
- other functions in a signal handler context
- - coproc_dispose: call BLOCK_SIGNAL/UNBLOCK_SIGNAL for SIGCHLD while
- manipulating the sh_coproc struct
-
- 10/6
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - rl_display_match_list: if printing completions horizontally, don't
- bother with spacing calculations if limit == 1, which means we are
- printing one completion per line no matter what. Fixes bug
- reported by David Kaasen <kaasen@nvg.ntnu.no>
-
- 10/7
- ----
-builtins/declare.def
- - declare_internal: add error checking for nameref attribute and
- variable assignments: self-references, attempts to make an array
- variable a nameref
-
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand: handle parameter_brace_expand_word returning
- &expand_param_fatal or &expand_param_error and return the appropriate
- error value
- - parameter_brace_expand_word: if a nameref variable's value is not a
- valid identifier, return an error
- - param_expand: if a nameref variable's value is not a valid identifier,
- return an error
-
-test.c
- - unary_operator: add new -R variable, returns true if variable is set
- and has the nameref attribute. From ksh93
-
-builtins/test.def
- - add -R to description of conditional commands for help test
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new -R unary conditional operator
-
- 10/13
- -----
-trap.c
- - check_signals_and_traps: new function, convenience function for the
- rest of the shell to check for pending terminating and interrupt
- signals, and to check for and process any pending traps
- - any_signals_trapped: new function, returns non-zero if any signals
- are trapped and -1 if not
-
-trap.h
- - extern declaration for check_signals_and_traps
-
-bashline.c
- - bashline_reset: make sure we reset the event hook
- - bash_event_hook: call check_signals_and_traps instead of just
- checking for terminating signals so we can run pending traps and
- react to interrupts, and reset the event hook when we're done
-
-
- 10/14
- -----
-trap.c
- - trap_handler: if executing in a readline signal handler context,
- call bashline_set_event_hook to install bash_event_hook to process
- the signal (if bash cares about it)
-
-sig.c
- - sigint_sighandler: call bashline_set_event_hook to set the event
- hook if we're executing in a readline signal handler context
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - rl_getc: call RL_CHECK_SIGNALS if read returns -1/EINTR and the caught
- signal is SIGINT or SIGQUIT rather than waiting until the next time
- around the loop
- - rl_getc: call rl_event_hook after calling RL_CHECK_SIGNALS to allow
- an application signal handler to set the event hook in its own
- signal handler (e.g., like bash trap_handler or sigint_sighandler)
-
-
-parse.y
- - yy_readline_get: don't set interrupt_immediately before we call
- readline(). Inspired by report from lanshun zhou
- <zls.sogou@gmail.com>
-
-input.c
- - getc_with_restart: add call to run_pending_traps after call to
- CHECK_TERMSIG
-
-lib/sh/zread.c
- - zread: call check_signals_and_traps if read() returns -1/EINTR
- instead of just ignoring the EINTR and deferring handling any
- signal that generated it
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - mapfile: don't set interrupt_immediately before calling zgetline()
- (which uses zread internally)
-
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: don't set interrupt_immediately before calling zread
- (moved code around so that it was only being set right around calls
- to zread to avoid signal handler conflicts). Inspired by report
- from lanshun zhou <zls.sogou@gmail.com>
- - edit_line: don't set interrupt_immediately around call to readline()
- - include shmbutil.h
- - read_builtin: don't call read_mbchar unless is_basic(c) returns
- false for the character we just read
-
- 10/15
- -----
-sig.c
- - throw_to_top_level: if interrupt_state is non-zero, make sure that
- last_command_exit_value reflects 128+SIGINT if it's not already
- greater than 128
-
- 10/20
- -----
-builtins/wait.def
- - WAIT_RETURN: set wait_signal_received back to 0 for the potential
- next call to wait
-
-quit.h
- - CHECK_WAIT_INTR: macro to check whether trap_handler handled a
- signal and set wait_signal_received; longjmp to wait_intr_buf in
- that case
-
-jobs.c
- - wait_for, waitchld: call CHECK_WAIT_INTR at the same places we call
- CHECK_TERMSIG to check for terminating signals
- - wait_sigint_handler: don't longjmp out of the wait builtin unless
- interrupt_immediately is set; otherwise just SIGRETURN from the
- handler
- - wait_sigint_handler: if interrupt_immediately not set, but we are
- executing in the wait builtin and SIGINT is not trapped, treat it
- as a `normally received' SIGINT: restore the signal handler and
- send SIGINT to ourselves
- - waitchld: when in posix mode and running SIGCHLD traps, don't longjmp
- to wait_intr_buf (and let wait be interrupted) if we're running from
- a signal handler. Wait for CHECK_WAIT_INTR to do the longjmp.
- run_pending_traps will run the SIGCHLD trap later
-
-nojobs.c
- - reap_zombie_children, wait_for_single_pid, wait_for: call
- CHECK_WAIT_INTR where we call CHECK_TERMSIG
- - wait_sigint_handler: don't longjmp out of the wait builtin unless
- interrupt_immediately is set; otherwise just SIGRETURN from the
- handler
-
-trap.c
- - trap_handler: make sure wait_signal_received is set if the wait
- builtin is executing, and only longjmp if interrupt_immediately is
- set. This whole set of fixes was prompted by report from
- lanshun zhou <zls.sogou@gmail.com>
-
- 10/24
- -----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - glob_filename: only check directory_name for globbing chars if
- it's of non-zero length
-
-lib/sh/strchrnul.c
- - new simpler implementation
-
-subst.c
- - command_substitute: call set_shellopts after turning off errexit
- in subshells so it's reflected in $SHELLOPTS
-
- 11/7
- ----
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - parse_and_execute: treat ERREXIT case like reader_loop does: set
- variable_context to 0 before longjmping back to top_level. Don't
- run the unwind-protect context to avoid side effects from popping
- function contexts. Part of fix for problem reported by Nikolai
- Kondrashov <nikolai.kondrashov@redhat.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_simple_command: call unlink_fifo_list only if this is the
- last element of a pipeline (or not in a pipeline), rather than for
- every child. Fixes difference in behavior between /dev/fd and
- FIFOs reported by Zev Weiss <zev@bewilderbeest.net>
- - execute_null_command: do the same thing in the parent branch after
- make_child
-
- 11/14
- -----
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand: a variable is null if it's special ($@, $*),
- the expansion occurs within double quotes, and the expansion turns
- into a quoted null. Fixes debian bug 692447 reported by
- Matrosov Dmitriy <sgf.dma@gmail.com>
-
-jobs.c
- - run_sigchld_trap: make sure `running_trap' sentinel is set
- appropriately
- - waitchld: only run the sigchld trap if we're not in a signal
- handler, not running a trap, and executing the wait builtin.
- Otherwise, queue for later handling. We still run one instance
- of the trap handler per exited child. Bulk of fix for bug
- reported by Elliott Forney <idfah@cs.colostate.edu>
-
-trap.c
- - queue_sigchld_trap: set catch_flag so run_pending_traps notices,
- and set trapped_signal_received for completeness. Rest of fix
- for bug reported by Elliott Forney <idfah@cs.colostate.edu>
-
-lib/malloc/malloc.c
- - block_signals: renamed to _malloc_block_signals, made public
- - unblock_signals: renamed to _malloc_unblock_signals, made public
-
-lib/malloc/imalloc.h
- - extern declarations for _malloc_{un,}block_signals
-
-lib/malloc/table.c
- - mregister_alloc, mregister_free: block signals around table
- manipulation
-
- 11/15
- -----
-trap.c
- - run_pending_traps: set SIG_INPROGRESS flag around calls to
- run_sigchld_handler so other parts of the shell know that the
- SIGCHLD trap handler is executing
- - run_pending_traps: if we get a situation where we are looking at
- running a SIGCHLD trap but the trap string is IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER
- and the SIG_INPROGRESS flag is set, just skip it. This is possible
- if run_pending_traps is called from a SIGCHLD trap handler run by
- run_sigchld_trap
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3}
- - corrected description of the effect of `set history-size 0'. Report
- from Vesa-Matti J Kari <vmkari@cc.helsinki.fi>
-
-include/stdc.h
- - CPP_STRING: new define, replaces __STRING
-
-lib/malloc/{malloc.c,imalloc.h}
- - replace __STRING with CPP_STRING
-
- 11/16
- -----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - sv_histsize: if argument evaluates to a value < 0, unstifle the
- history
-
- 11/22
- -----
-redir.c
- - do_redirection_internal: if we have REDIR_VARASSIGN set in the
- redirection flags and we set up `redirector' using fcntl or dup2,
- don't add a redirect to make sure it stays open. Let the
- script programmer manage the file handle. Fixes bug reported by
- Sam Liddicott <sam@liddicott.com>
-
- 11/24
- -----
-jobs.c
- - wait_for_any_job: new function, waits for an unspecified background
- job to exit and returns its exit status. Returns -1 on no background
- jobs or no children or other errors. Calls wait_for with new
- sentinel value ANY_PID
- - wait_for: changes to handle argument of ANY_PID: don't look up or
- try to modify the child struct, only go through the wait loop once.
- Return -1 if waitpid returns no children
-
-jobs.h
- - ANY_PID: new define
-
-builtins/wait.def
- - new option: -n. Means to wait for the next job and return its exit
- status. Returns 127 if there are no background jobs (or no
- children). Feature most recently requested by Elliott Forney
- <idfah@cs.colostate.edu>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `wait -n' option
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: save make_command_string () result in a
- temp variable before calling savestring() on it; avoids evaluating
- make_command_string() result twice. Fix from John E. Malmberg
- <wb8tyw@qsl.net>
-
- 11/28
- -----
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - declare_internal: if an array variable is declared using `declare -a'
- or `declare -A', but not assigned a value, set the `invisible'
- attribute so the variable does not show up as set. Fix for bug
- about variable initialization reported by Tim Friske <me@timfriske.com>
-
-builtins/{mapfile,read}.def
- - after calling find_or_make_array_variable, make sure the invisible
- flag is turned off, in case the variable was declared previously
- using `declare -a' or `declare -A'. Side effect of above change to
- declare_internal
-
-subst.c
- - shell_expand_word_list: handle the W_ASSNGLOBAL flag and put -g into
- the list of options passed to make_internal_declare as appropriate.
- Fix for bug reported by Tim Friske <me@timfriske.com>
-
- 11/30
- -----
-test.c
- - unary_op: make sure -v and -n check that the variable is not marked
- as invisible before calling var_isset. Fix for bug reported by Tim
- Friske <me@timfriske.com>
-
- 12/2
- ----
-subst.c
- - process_substitute: turn off the `expanding_redir' flag, which
- controls whether or not variables.c:find_variable_internal uses the
- temporary environment to find variables. We want to use the
- temp environment, since we don't have to worry about order of
- evaluation in a subshell. Fixes bug reported by Andrey Borzenkov
- <arvidjaar@gmail.com>
-
- 12/4
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - glob_filename: changes to avoid null filenames and multiple entries
- returned for patterns like **/** (globstar enabled). Fixes bug
- reported by Ulf Magnusson <ulfalizer@gmail.com>
-
- 12/10
- -----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - glob_filename: finish up a series of changes to make globstar-style
- globbing more efficient, avoid more duplicate filenames, and be more
- compatible with other shells that implement it
- o collapse a sequence of **/**/** to one **
- o note when the directory name is all ** or ends in ** so we
- can treat it specially when the filename is **
- All inspired by report from Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@gmail.com>
-
-lib/sh/zread.c
- - zreadn: new function, like zread, but takes an additional argument
- saying how many bytes to read into the local buffer. Can be used to
- implement `read -N' without so many one-byte calls to zreadc. Code
- from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 12/12
- -----
-lib/glob/sm_loop.c
- - PATSCAN (glob_patscan): if passed string already points to end of
- pattern, return NULL immediately. Fixes problem with
- extglob_skipname reported by Raphaël Droz <raphael.droz@gmail.com>
-
- 12/13
- -----
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_coproc: handle the command's exit status being inverted
- (an oversight). Fixes bug reported by DJ Mills
- <danielmills1@gmail.com> and Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
-
- 12/14
- -----
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - bind_arrow_keys_internal: add MINGW key bindings for Home, End,
- Delete, and Insert keys. Fix from Pierre Muller
- <pierre.muller@ics-cnrs.unistra.fr>
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - printf_builtin: '%()T' conversion: if there is no argument supplied,
- behave as if -1 had been supplied (current time). ksh93-like feature
- suggested by Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new printf %()T default argument behavior
-
- 12/15
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - displaying_prompt_first_line: new variable, indicates whether or
- not the first line of output is displaying the prompt. Always true
- in normal mode, sometimes false in horizontal scrolling mode
- - rl_redisplay: set displaying_prompt_first_line to true unless we
- are in horizontal mode; set to false in horizontal mode if the left
- margin of the displayed line is greater than the end of the prompt
- string
- - rl_redisplay: when in horizontal scroll mode, don't adjust
- _rl_last_c_pos by the wrap offset unless the line is displaying
- a prompt containing invisible chars
- - update line: don't adjust _rl_last_c_pos by the wrap offset unless
- the line is displaying a prompt containing invisible chars
- - update_line: if shrinking the line by reducing the number of
- displayed characters, but we have already moved the cursor to the
- beginning of the line where the first difference starts, don't
- try to delete characters
-
-builtins/read.def
- - unbuffered_read: set to 2 if invoked as `read -N'
- - if unbuffered_read is set to 2, compute the number of chars we
- need to read and read that many with zreadn. Posix mode still
- uses zreadintr. Code from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - read: make it clear that if read times out, it saves any input
- read to that point into the variable arguments. Report from
- Fiedler Roman <Roman.Fiedler@ait.ac.at>
-
-subst.c
- - command_substitute: change direct assignment of exit_immediately_on_error
- to use change_flag ('e', FLAG_OFF) instead
-
-flags.c
- - use errexit_flag as the variable modified by changes to the -e
- option, reflect those changes to exit_immediately_on_error
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_builtin: new global variable, builtin_ignoring_errexit, set
- to 0 by default and set to 1 if eval/source/command executing in a
- context where -e should be ignored
- - execute_builtin: set exit_immediately_on_error to errextit_flag
- after executing eval/source/command in a context where -e should
- be ignored
-
-flags.c
- - if builtin_ignoring_errexit is set, changes to errexit_flag are
- not reflected in the setting of exit_immediately_on_error. Fixes
- bug reported by Robert Schiele <rschiele@gmail.com>
-
- 12/23
- -----
-include/posixjmp.h
- - setjmp_nosigs: new define, call setjmp in such a way that it will
- not manipulate the signal mask
-
-{expr,test,trap}.c
- - setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp; don't need to manipulate
- signal mask
-
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp; don't need
- to manipulate signal mask
-
-builtins/evalstring.c:
- - parse_and_execute: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp; don't need
- to manipulate signal mask
- - parse_string: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp; don't need
- to manipulate signal mask
- - parse_and_execute: save and restore the signal mask if we get a
- longjmp that doesn't cause us to return or exit (case DISCARD)
-
- 12/24
- -----
-general.c
- - bash_tilde_expand: only set interrupt_immediately if there are no
- signals trapped; we want to jump to top level if interrupted but
- not run any trap commands
-
- 12/25
- -----
-jobs.c
- - run_sigchld_trap: no longer set interrupt_immediately before calling
- parse_and_execute, even if this is no longer run in a signal handler
- context
-
-input.c
- - getc_with_restart: add call to QUIT instead of CHECK_TERMSIG
-
-parse.y
- - yy_stream_get: now that getc_with_restart calls QUIT, don't need to
- set interrupt_immediately (already had call to run_pending_traps)
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_subshell_builtin_or_function,execute_function,execute_in_subshell:
- setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp when saving return_catch; don't
- need to manipulate signal mask
- - execute_subshell_builtin_or_function,execute_in_subshell:
- setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp where appropriate when saving
- top_level; don't need to manipulate signal mask if we're going to
- exit right away
-
-subst.c
- - command_substitute: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp when saving
- return_catch; don't need to manipulate signal mask
- - command_substitute: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp where
- appropriate when saving top_level; don't need to manipulate signal
- mask if we're going to exit right away
-
-trap.c
- - run_exit_trap: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp when saving
- return_catch; don't need to manipulate signal mask
- - run_exit_trap: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp where
- appropriate when saving top_level; don't need to manipulate signal
- mask if we're going to exit right away
- - _run_trap_internal: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp when saving
- return_catch; don't need to manipulate signal mask
-
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - _evalfile: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp when saving
- return_catch; don't need to manipulate signal mask
-
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - evalstring: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp when saving
- return_catch; don't need to manipulate signal mask
-
-shell.c
- - main: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp where appropriate when
- saving top_level; don't need to manipulate signal mask if we're
- going to exit right away
- - run_one_command: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp where
- appropriate when saving top_level; don't need to manipulate signal
- mask if we're going to exit right away
- - run_wordexp: setjmp_nosigs: call instead of setjmp where
- appropriate when saving top_level; don't need to manipulate signal
- mask if we're going to exit right away
-
-eval.c
- - reader_loop: save and restore the signal mask if we get a longjmp
- that doesn't cause us to return or exit (case DISCARD)
-
- 12/26
- -----
-parse.y
- - shell_input_line_{index,size,len}: now of type size_t; in some cases
- the unsigned property makes a difference
- - STRING_SAVER: saved_line_{size,index} now of type size_t
- - shell_getc: don't allow shell_input_line to grow larger than SIZE_MAX;
- lines longer than that are truncated until read sees a newline;
- addresses theoretical buffer overflow described by Paul Eggert
- <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
- - set_line_mbstate: size_t changes like shell_getc
- - shell_getc: if shell_input_line is larger than 32K, free it and
- start over to avoid large memory allocations sticking around
-
-variables.c
- - bind_global_variable: new function, binds value to a variable in
- the global shell_variables table
-
-variables.h
- - bind_global_variable: new extern declaration
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - declare_internal: if -g given with name=value, but variable is not
- found in the global variable table, make sure to call
- bind_global_variable so the variable is created and modified at
- global scope. Fixes a bug where declare -g x=y could modify `x'
- at a previous function scope
-
-command.h
- - W_ASSIGNARRAY: new word flag, compound indexed array assignment
-
-subst.h
- - ASS_MKGLOBAL: new assignment flag, forcing global assignment even in
- a function context, used by declare -g
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix_assignment_words: set W_ASSIGNARRAY flag if -a option given to
- declaration builtin
-
-subst.c
- - do_assignment_internal: explicitly handle case where we are
- executing in a function and we want to create a global array or
- assoc variable
- - shell_expand_word_list: call make_internal_declare if -a option
- given to declaration builtin (W_ASSIGNARRAY); handle -g option with
- it (W_ASSNGLOBAL). Fixes inconsistency noticed by Vicente Couce
- Diaz <vituko@gmail.com>, where declare -ag foo=(bar) could modify
- array variable foo at previous function scope, not global scope
-
- 12/27
- -----
-bashline.c
- - Minix needs the third argument to tputs to be a void funtion taking
- an int argument, not an int-returning function. Fix from
- John E. Malmberg <wb8tyw@qsl.net> as part of VMS bash port
-
- 12/29
- -----
-configure.ac,version.c,patchlevel.h
- - bash-4.3-devel: new version, new shell compatibility level (43)
-
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_patsub: put the bash-4.2 code back in from the
- change of 3/3 that runs the replacement string through quote
- removal, make it dependent on shell_compatibility_level <= 42
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - compat42: new shopt option
- - set_compatibility_level: change logic to set and unset various
- compat variables and shell_compatibility_level
-
-COMPAT
- - new documentation for bash-4.3 compatibility changes
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - compat42: document new shopt option
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - set_compatibility_opts: new function, sets the various shopt
- compat variables based on the value of shell_compatibility_level
-
-builtins/common.h
- - set_compatibility_opts: new extern declaration
-
-variables.c
- - BASH_COMPAT: new special variable; sets the shell compatibility
- level. Accepts values in decimal (4.2) or integer (42) form;
- Unsetting variable, setting it to empty string, or setting it to
- out-of-range value sets the shell's compatibility level to the
- default for the current version. Valid values are 3.1/31 through
- the current version
- - sv_shcompat: new function implementing logic for BASH_COMPAT
-
-variables.h
- - sv_shcompat: new extern declaration
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - BASH_COMPAT: description of new variable
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - _rl_colored_stats: default back to 0 for 4.3 release branch
-
- 1/5/2013
- --------
-quit.h
- - remove spurious call to itrace in CHECK_WAIT_INTR
-
-bashline.c
- - bash_event_hook: if we're going to jump to top_level, make sure we
- clean up after readline() by calling rl_cleanup_after_signal().
- Fixes bug reported against devel branch by Raphaël Droz
- <raphael.droz@gmail.com>
- - bash_event_hook: reset the event hook before checking for signals
- or traps in case we longjmp
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - small additions to the set -e section to make it more clear that
- contexts where -e is ignored extend to compound commands as well
- as shell functions
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - rl_signal_event_hook: new extern declaration
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - rl_signal_event_hook: new variable, hook function to call when a
- function (currently just read(2)) is interrupted by a signal and
- not restarted
- - rl_getc: call rl_signal_event_hook instead of rl_event_hook
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - rl_signal_event_hook: document new function
-
-bashline.c
- - changes to set rl_signal_event_hook instead of rl_event_hook
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - change readline version numbers to 6.3
-
- 1/6
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - a couple of changes to the descriptions of the ERR trap and its
- effects based on a message from Rob Nagler <nagler@bivio.biz>
-
- 1/9
- ---
-expr.c
- - expassign: invalidate curlval before freeing and NULLing tokstr to
- avoid aliasing issues. Fixes bug reported by Eduardo A. Bustamante
- López<dualbus@gmail.com> and Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-braces.c
- - array_concat: don't be so aggressive in trying to short-circuit. We
- can only short-circuit if we have a single-element array where the
- element is an empty string (array[0] == "" array[1] = 0x0). Existing
- practice requires us to replicate arrays and prefix or append empty
- strings. Fixes bug reported by Eduardo A. Bustamante López
- <dualbus@gmail.com>
-
- 1/11
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_builtin: since mapfile uses evalstring() to run its callbacks
- internally, just like eval, so it needs to handle the case where the
- temp environment given to mapfile persists throughout the entire
- set of callback commands. This might be a problem with trap also, but
- trap isn't run in the same way. Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 1/13
- ----
-redir.c
- - redirection_error: before expanding the redirection word (if
- expandable_redirection_filename returns true), disable command
- substitution during expansion. Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-subst.c
- - expand_word_internal: case '\\': if the next character is an IFS
- character, and the expansion occurs within double quotes, and the
- character is not one for which backslash retains its meaning, add
- the (escaped) '\' and the (escaped) character. Fixes bug reported
- by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 1/15
- ----
-builtins/cd.def
- - cd_builtin: make sure call to internal_getopt handles -e option.
- Fixes bug reported by <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
-
- 1/17
- ----
-subst.c
- - expand_word_list_internal: make sure tempenv_assign_error is
- initialized to 0
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_simple_command: make sure tempenv_assign_error is reset to 0
- after it's tested to see if an error should force the shell to exit.
- Fixes problem where a the failure of a tempenv assignment preceding
- a non-special builtin `sticks' and causes the next special builtin
- to exit the shell. From a discussion on bug-bash started by
- douxin <wq-doux@cn.fujitsu.com>
-
- 1/20
- ----
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand_rhs: call stupidly_hack_special_variables
- after assigning with ${param[:]=word} even if IFS is changing.
- Suggested by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com> [TENTATIVE, needs work
- on IFS side effects]
-
-command.h
- - W_GLOBEXP (which was unused) is now W_SPLITSPACE (which isn't used
- yet)
-
-{execute_cmd,subst,variables}.c
- - removed all code that mentioned W_GLOBEXP
- - removed mention of gnu_argv_flags and code that set it
-
- 1/22
- ----
-subst.c
- - param_expand: set W_SPLITSPACE if we expand (unquoted) $* and
- IFS is unset or null so we can be sure to split this on spaces
- no matter what happens with IFS later
- - expand_word_internal: note that param_expand returns W_SPLITSPACE
- in the returned word flags and keep track of that state with
- `split_on_spaces'
-
- 1/23
- ----
-subst.c
- - expand_word_internal: if split_on_spaces is non-zero, make sure
- we split `istring' on spaces and return the resultant word. The
- previous expansions should have quoted spaces in the positional
- parameters where necessary. Suggested by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: make sure any subshell forked to run a
- group command or user subshell at the end of a pipeline runs any
- EXIT trap it sets. Fixes debian bash bug 698411
- http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=698411
-
-subst.c
- - shell_expand_word_list: fix code that creates args for and calls
- make_internal_declare to avoid calling it twice (missing `else'
- in 12/26 change)
- - do_assignment_internal: fix code from 12/26 change to fix problem
- where an existing assoc variable could be converted to an array
- without checking `mkassoc'
-
- 1/24
- ----
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - _evalfile: add missing `close (fd)' calls before returning to
- avoid fd leaks. Bug and fix from Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 1/25
- ----
-builtins/read.def
- - read_builtin: don't try to play tricks with the top of the unwind-
- protect stack after read gets a SIGALRM; save input_string to new
- memory, run the stack, then restore input_string and assign the
- variables. Part of fix for bug reported by konsolebox
- <konsolebox@gmail.com>; the rest of the fix is with the changes in
- trap and signal handling and doing away with interrupt_immediately
-
- 1/26
- ----
-redir.c
- - redirection_expand, write_here_string, write_here_document: before
- calling any of the word expansion functions, after setting
- expanding_redir to 1 (which bypasses the temp environment in the
- variable lookup functions), call sv_ifs to reset the cached IFS-
- related variables set by subst.c:setifs(). This ensures that
- redirections will not get any IFS values that are set in the
- temporary environment, as Posix specifies. Then, after the word
- expansions, after resetting expanding_redir to 0, call sv_ifs
- again to make sure the cached IFS values are set from any
- assignments in the temporary environment. We force executing_builtin
- to 1 to `fool' the variable lookup functions into using any temp
- environment, then reset it to its old value after sv_ifs returns.
- This is what allows read() to use the (cached) IFS variables set
- in the temp environment. Fixes inconsistency reported by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 1/29
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - update_line: fix off-by-one error when updating vis_lbreaks array
- in a multibyte locale that occurs when moving multibyte chars from
- one line down to another. Bug report and fix from Egmont
- Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com>
-
- 1/30
- ----
-configure.ac
- - changed version to 4.3-alpha
-
-redir.c
- - redir_open: handle open returning -1/EINTR, which seems to happen
- a lot with FIFOs and SIGCHLD, and call QUIT to handle other
- signals that can interrupt open(2). Bug report and initial fix
- from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 1/31
- ----
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand: make sure to propagate the PF_ASSIGNRHS flag
- to parameter_brace_expand_word
- - parameter_brace_expand_word: make sure that if the PF_ASSIGNRHS flag
- is set and we are expanding ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} we set quoted to
- include Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES before calling array_value_internal, mirroring
- what we do for $@ and $*. Fixes inconsistency reported by Dan
- Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-configure.ac
- - use AC_CHECK_TOOL instead of AC_CHECK_PROG to check for ar, since it
- will find $host-prefixed versions of utilities. Report and fix from
- Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-builtins/setattr.def
- - set_var_attribute: check whether bind_variable (called when the
- variable whose attributes are being modified is found in the temp
- environment) just modified a read-only global variable, and don't
- bother marking the temporary variable for propagation if so. The
- propagation is superfluous and will result in a strange error
- message
-
- 2/2
- ---
-variables.c
- - initialize_shell_variables: don't try to import function definitions
- with invalid names from the environment if already in posix mode,
- but create them as (invisible) exported variables so they pass
- through the environment. Print an error message so user knows
- what's wrong. Fixes bug reported by Tomas Trnka <ttrnka@mail.muni.cz>
-
- 2/9
- ---
-
-builtins/read.def
- - sigalrm_seen, alrmbuf: now global so the rest of the shell (trap.c)
- can use them
- - sigalrm: just sets flag, no longer longjmps to alrmbuf; problem was
- longjmp without manipulating signal mask, leaving SIGALRM blocked
-
-quit.h
- - move CHECK_ALRM macro here from builtins/read.def so trap.c:
- check_signals() can call it
-
-trap.c
- - check_signals: add call to CHECK_ALRM before QUIT
- - check_signals_and_traps: call check_signals() instead of including
- CHECK_ALRM and QUIT inline. Integrating check for read builtin's
- SIGALRM (where zread call to check_signals_and_traps can see it)
- fixes problem reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 2/12
- ----
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c
- - xdupmbstowcs2: fixed but where end of string was not handled
- correctly, causing loop to go past end of string in a bunch of cases.
- Fixes bug reported by "Dashing" <dashing@hushmail.com>
-
-
- 2/13
- ----
-builtins/pushd.def
- - popd_builtin: treat any argument that isn't -n or of the form
- [-+][[:digit:]]* as an error. Fixes problem reported by Bruce
- Korb <bruce.korb@gmail.com>
-
- 2/14
- ----
-configure.ac
- - add check for sig_atomic_t; already a placeholder for it in
- config.h.in
-
- 2/15
- ----
-subst.c
- - do_compound_assignment: don't call assign_compound_array_list with
- a NULL variable in case make_local_xxx_variable returns NULL
- (it will if you try to shadow a readonly or noassign variable).
- Fixes bug reported by Richard Tollerton <rich.tollerton@ni.com>
-
- 2/16
- ----
-variables.c
- - make_local_variable: print error messager if an attempt is made to
- create a local variable shadowing a `noassign' variable. Previously
- we just silently refused to do it
-
-trap.[ch]
- - get_original_signal: now global so rest of the shell can use it
-
-sig.c
- - initialize_shell_signals: install a signal handler for SIGTERM
- that does nothing except set a sigterm_received flag instead of
- ignoring it with SIG_IGN, as long as SIGTERM is not ignored when
- the shell is started. Use get_original_signal early to get the
- original handler, since we will do that later anyway
- - set_signal_handler: if installing sigterm_sighandler as the SIGTERM
- handler, make sure to add SA_RESTART flag to make it as close to
- SIG_IGN as possible
-
-sig.h
- - sigterm_sighandler: new extern declaration
-
-quit.h
- - RESET_SIGTERM: set sigterm_receved to 0
- - CHECK_SIGTERM: check sigterm_received; if it's non-zero, treat it
- as a fatal signal and call termsig_handler to exit the shell
-
-jobs.c
- - make_child: call RESET_SIGTERM just before fork() so we can detect
- if the child process received a SIGTERM before it's able to change
- the signal handler back to what it was when the shell started
- (presumably SIG_DFL). Only has effect if the shell installed
- sigterm_sighandler for SIGTERM, interactive shells that were not
- started with SIG_IGN as the SIGTERM handler
- - make_child: call RESET_SIGTERM in the parent after fork() so the
- rest of the shell won't react to it
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_simple_command: call CHECK_SIGTERM after make_child in child
- to catch SIGTERM received after fork() and before restoring old
- signal handlers
- - execute_disk_command: call CHECK_SIGTERM after make_child in child
- process after restoring old signal handlers and again just before
- calling shell_execve. Fixes race condition observed by
- Padraig Brady <p@draigbrady.com> when testing with his `timeout'
- program
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - open_some_spaces: new function, subset of insert_some_chars that just
- opens up a specified number of spaces to be overwritten
- - insert_some_spaces: now just calls to open_some_spaces followed by
- _rl_output_some_chars
- - update_line: use col_temp instead of recalculating it using
- _rl_col_width in the case where we use more columns with fewer bytes
- - update_line: use open_some_spaces and then output the right number
- of chars instead of trying to print new characters then overwrite
- existing characters in two separate calls. This includes removing
- some dodgy code and making things simpler. Fix from Egmont
- Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com>
- - use new variable `bytes_to_insert' instead of overloading temp in
- some code blocks (nls - nfd, bytes that comprise the characters
- different in the new line from the old)
-
- 2/18
- ----
-redir.c
- - do_redirection_internal: add undoable redirection for the implicit
- close performed by the <&n- and >&n- redirections. Fixes bug
- reported by Stephane Chazelas <stephane.chazelas@gmail.com>
-
- 2/19
- ----
-sig.c
- - termsig_handler: an interactive shell killed by SIGHUP and keeping
- command history will try to save the shell history before exiting.
- This is an attempt to preserve the save-history-when-the-terminal-
- window-is-closed behavior
-
- 2/21
- ----
-braces.c
- - brace_expand: if a sequence expansion fails (e.g. because the
- integers overflow), treat that expansion as a simple string, including
- the braces, and try to process any remainder of the string. The
- remainder may include brace expansions. Derived from SuSE bug
- 804551 example (https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=804551)
-
- 2/23
- ----
-{quit,sig}.h,sig.c
- - sigterm_received declaration now in sig.h; type is sig_atomic_t
- - sigwinch_received type now sig_atomic_t
- - sig.h includes bashtypes.h and <signal.h> if SIG_DFL not defined
- (same logic as trap.h) to pick up sig_atomic_t
-
-unwind_prot.c
- - include sig.h before quit.h (reverse order)
-
- 2/27
- ----
-builtins/shopt.def
- - reset_shopt_options: make sure check_window_size is reset to the
- default from config.h, not unconditionally to 0
-
-jobs.[ch]
- - last_made_pid, last_asynchronous_pid: now volatile. Change from SuSE
-
-jobs.c
- - wait_for: if we're using sigaction to install a handler for SIGCHLD,
- make sure we specify SA_RESTART
-
-lib/{tilde,readline}/shell.c
- - get_home_dir: instead of looking in the password file every time,
- look once and cache the result
-
-sig.[ch]
- - sigwinch_received, sigterm_received: now `volatile' qualified
-
-sig.c,quit.h
- - interrupt_state,terminating_signal: now sig_atomic_t
-
- 3/1
- ---
-MANIFEST,examples/*
- - removed around 120 files without FSF copyrights; requested by
- Karl Berry in early January
-
- 3/2
- ---
-lib/malloc/malloc.c
- - morecore: only check whether SIGCHLD is trapped if SIGCHLD is defined
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - Fixed most of the examples in the GNU Parallel section to use better
- shell idioms following complaints on bug-bash; added a couple of
- examples and smoothed out the text
-
-quit.h
- - include "sig.h" for sig_atomic_t
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - update_line: when inserting one or more characters at the end of
- the display line in a non-multibyte environment, just write from the
- first difference to the end of the line and return. We don't have
- to adjust _rl_last_c_pos. This is needed to adjust from the old
- two-part copy to a single call to _rl_output_some_chars (change of
- 2/16)
-
- 3/4
- ---
-Makefile.in,doc/Makefile.in
- - PACKAGE_TARNAME, docdir: new variables substituted by autoconf
- - OTHER_DOCS,OTHER_INSTALLED_DOCS: new variables with auxiliary
- documentation files to be installed into $(docdir)
- - install: add new rule to install $(OTHER_DOCS)
- - uninstall: add new rule to uninstall $(docdir)/$(OTHER_INSTALLED_DOCS)
-
-doc/bash.1
- - add URL to `POSIX' file in `SEE ALSO' section; put pointer to that
- section in --posix and set -o posix descriptions
-
-examples/
- - removed around 110 examples at the request of the FSF due to copyright
- issues
-
- 3/5
- ---
-builtins/setattr.def
- - readonly: modified help text slightly to make it clearer that
- functions aren't changed or displayed unless the -f option is given.
- Report from <gotmynick@gmail.com>
-
- 3/9
- ---
-include/typemax.h
- - SIZE_MAX: define to 65535 (Posix minimum maximum) if not defined
-
-parse.y
- - include "typemax.h" for possible SIZE_MAX definition, make sure we
- include it after shell.h
-
-{braces,expr}.c
- - include "typemax.h" for possible INTMAX_MIN and INTMAX_MAX definitions
-
- 3/10
- ----
-bashline.c
- - bash_default_completion: make sure completion type of `!' (same as
- TAB but with show-all-if-ambiguous set) and glob-word-completion
- sets rl_filename_completion_desired to 0 so extra backslashes don't
- get inserted by `quoting' the completion. We can't kill all the
- matches because show-all-if-ambiguous needs them. Bug report from
- Marcel (Felix) Giannelia <info@skeena.net>
-
-[bash-4.3-alpha frozen]
-
- 3/14
- ----
-general.c
- - trim_pathname: use memmove instead of memcpy since the source and
- destination pathnames may overlap. Report and fix from Matthew
- Riley <mattdr@google.com>
-
- 3/18
- ----
-configure.ac
- - socklen_t is defined as `unsigned int' if configure can't find it
-
- 3/20
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - S_ISVTX: since it's not defined on all platforms (Minix), make sure
- its use is protected with #ifdef
-
- 3/21
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - Added mention of ${!name[@]} and ${!name[*]} expansions to get all
- indices of an array. Suggested by Jonathan Leffler
- <jonathan.leffler@gmail.com>
-
- 3/24
- ----
-subst.h
- - SD_IGNOREQUOTE: new define for skip_to_delim; if set, means that
- single quotes (for now) will be treated as ordinary characters
-
-subst.c
- - skip_to_delim: handle SD_IGNOREQUOTE. no callers use it for now
-
- 3/25
- ----
-support/config.{guess,sub}
- - updated to versions from autoconf-2.69
-
- 3/31
- ----
-lib/sh/shquote.c
- - sh_single_quote: short-circuit quoting a single "'" instead of
- creating a long string with empty single-quoted strings
-
-parser.h
- - DOLBRACE_QUOTE2: new define, like DOLBRACE_QUOTE, but need to single-
- quote results of $'...' expansion because quote removal will be
- done later. Right now this is only done for ${word/pat/rep}
-
-parse.y
- - parse_matched_pair: set state to DOLBRACE_QUOTE2 for pattern
- substitution word expansion so we don't treat single quote specially
- in the pattern or replacement string
- - parse_matched_pair: if we're parsing a dollar-brace word expansion
- (${...}) and we're not treating single quote specially within
- double quotes, single-quote the translation of $'...' ansi-c
- escaped strings. Original report and fix from Eduardo A.
- Bustamante López <dualbus@gmail.com>
-
-subst.c
- - extract_dollar_brace_string: ${word/pat/rep} scanning now sets the
- DOLBRACE_QUOTE2 flag instead of DOLBRACE_QUOTE so we don't treat
- single quotes specially within a double-quoted string
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix_assignment_words: skip over assignment statements preceding a
- command word before trying to figure out whether or not assignment
- statements following a possible declaration command should be
- treated specially. Fixes bug reported by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 4/4
- ---
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - _rl_dispatch_subseq: only call _rl_vi_set_last (and check whether
- the key is a text modification command) if the key sequence length
- is 1. That keeps the arrow keys from setting the last command
- when called in vi command mode. Fixes bug reported by Ian A.
- Watson <watson_ian_a@lilly.com>
-
- 4/6
- ---
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - rl_parse_and_bind: when parsing a double-quoted string as the value
- of a variable, make sure we skip past the leading double quote.
- Fix from Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
-
-variables.c
- - hash_lookup: set new local variable last_table_searched to the table
- a successful lookup appears in; tested in make_local_variable to
- solve the problem below
- - make_local_variable: if we find a variable with the tempenv flag
- set at the same `level' as variable_context', but not found in the
- temporary_env (temp environment preceding the builtin), return it.
- The temp environment preceding the function call has already been
- merged (in execute_function) into the list of variable contexts the
- function sees as shell_variables by the time this is called. Fixes
- inconsistency pointed out by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-subst.c
- - expand_arith_string: expanded out contents of expand_string,
- expand_string_internal, expand_string_if_necessary to create a
- WORD_DESC and call call_expand_word_internal() on it directly.
- We don't want process substitution to be performed ( 1<(2) ) should
- mean something different in an arithmetic expression context.
- It doesn't work to just turn on the DQUOTE flag, since that means
- that things like ${x["expression"]} are not expanded correctly.
- Fixes problem pointed out by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
- 4/13
- ----
-subst.c
- - process_substitute: run the EXIT trap before exiting, as other
- shells seem to. Fixes problem pointed out by Dan Douglas
- <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - readline_internal_setup: call rl_vi_insertion_mode to enter vi
- mode instead of rl_vi_insert_mode to avoid resetting the saved last
- command information. Posix says that `.' can repeat a command
- that was entered on a previous line so we need to save the info.
- Fixes bug reported by Ian A. Watson <watson_ian_a@lilly.com>
-
- 4/14
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - rl_completion_matches: make sure xrealloc returns something non-null
- (can happen when interrupted by a signal) before trying to add
- matches to match_list
-
-subst.c
- - array_remove_pattern: return NULL right away if array_variable_part
- returns an invisible variable
- - array_length_reference: handle array_variable_part returning an
- invisible variable
- - get_var_and_type: handle array_variable_part returning an invisible
- variable
-
- 4/15
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_command_internal: make sure to run the EXIT trap for group
- commands anywhere in pipelines, not just at the end. From a point
- raised by Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
-
-variables.c
- - bind_int_variable: make sure invisible flag is unset. Fixes problems
- like "declare -ai a; : $(( a[4]=4 ));"
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - array_variable_part: return variable even if invisible flag set,
- callers must handle invisible vars
-
- 4/18
- ----
-builtins/set.def
- - unset_builtin: if -n flag given, call unset_nameref instead of
- unset_variable
-
-variables.c
- - find_variable_nameref: print warning message if nameref circular
- reference detected, return NULL and let caller deal with it
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - declare_builtin: only disallow global references at this point if
- we are at the global scope
-
- 5/16
- ----
-configure.ac
- - update release status to beta
-
- 5/23
- ----
-trap.c
- - run_pending_traps: save and restore pipeline around calls to
- evalstring() in case we get a trap while running a trap. Have to
- figure out the recursive running traps issue elsewhere. Fixes
- bug reported by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
- - run_pending_traps: make sure to set running_trap to the appropriate
- signal value when running a trap command
- - run_pending_traps: short-circuit immediately if running_trap set
- when invoked. Could change this later to only skip if it would
- run the same trap as currently being run (running_trap == sig + 1)
-
-configure.ac
- - add warning if bison not found
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - new section with an example program illustrating the callback
- interface. Suggested by Peng Yu <pengyu.ut@gmail.com>
-
-examples/loadables/Makefile.in
- - remove references to `cut' and `getconf', which were removed in
- early March
-
- 5/28
- ----
-lib/sh/pathphys.c
- - sh_realpath: correct inverted two arguments to call to sh_makepath.
- Report and fix from Julien Thomas <jthomas@exosec.fr>
-
- 6/7
- ---
-execute_cmd.c
- - executing_line_number: the else clauses that are conditional on
- various options being defined can simply be if clauses -- they are
- mutually exclusive and all have `return' in the body. Fixes bug
- reported by Flavio Medeiros <flaviomotamedeiros@gmail.com>
-
- 6/25
- ----
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - readline_internal_setup: only sent the meta-key enable string to the
- terminal if we've been told to use one and the terminal has been
- successfully initialized (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED) != 0).
- Suggested by Dan Mick <dan.mick@inktank.com>
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - _rl_signal_handler: call any defined signal hook after calling
- rl_resize_terminal when handling a SIGWINCH. We already have called
- the original SIGWINCH handler but will not be resending the signal
- to ourselves
-
- 6/27
- ----
-lib/readline/doc/history.3, doc/bash.1
- - fix description of the `$' modifier to note that it expands to the
- last *word*, which is not always the last argument. Report from
- ariyetz@gmail.com via gnu.org RT
-
- 6/29
- ----
-lib/glob/smatch.c
- - glob_asciiranges: initialize to value of GLOBASCII_DEFAULT instead
- of 0 (0 if not defined)
-
-configure.ac,config.h.in
- - --enable-glob-asciiranges-default: new option, controls the value of
- GLOBASCII_DEFAULT; use it to turn globasciiranges shopt option on
- by default
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - document new --enable-glob-asciiranges-default configure option
-
-variables.c
- - assign_in_env: implement += value appending semantics for assignments
- preceding command names
-
- 7/4
- ---
-expr.c
- - set lasttok = NUM in all of the functions that result in a number,
- even if it's a boolean, to avoid errors with constructs like
- 1 * x = 1, which should be an asignment error. Fixes problem
- pointed out by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com>
-
-parse.y
- - decode_prompt_string: don't bother to call strcpy if
- polite_directory_format returns its argument unchanged. It's not
- necessary and Mac OS X 10.9 aborts because of a supposed overlapping
- string copy. Bug and fix from simon@hitzemann.org
+++ /dev/null
-Starting bash with the `--posix' command-line option or executing
-`set -o posix' while bash is running will cause bash to conform more
-closely to the Posix.2 standard by changing the behavior to match that
-specified by Posix.2 in areas where the bash default differs.
-
-The following list is what's changed when `posix mode' is in effect:
-
-1. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, bash will re-search
- $PATH to find the new location. This is also available with
- `shopt -s checkhash'.
-
-2. The >& redirection does not redirect stdout and stderr.
-
-3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
- exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'.
-
-4. Reserved words may not be aliased.
-
-5. The Posix.2 PS1 and PS2 expansions of `!' -> history number and
- `!!' -> `!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on
- the value regardless of the setting of the `promptvars' option.
-
-6. Interactive comments are enabled by default. (Note that bash has
- them on by default anyway.)
-
-7. The Posix.2 startup files are executed ($ENV) rather than the normal
- bash files.
-
-8. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command
- name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
-
-9. The default history file is ~/.sh_history (default value of $HISTFILE).
-
-10. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line,
- separated by spaces.
-
-11. Non-interactive shells exit if `file' in `. file' is not found.
-
-12. Redirection operators do not perform pathname expansion on the word
- in the redirection unless the shell is interactive
-
-13. Function names must be valid shell identifiers. That is, they may not
- contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
- may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an illegal name
- causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
-
-14. Posix.2 `special' builtins are found before shell functions during command
- lookup.
-
-15. If a Posix.2 special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive
- shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX.2 standard,
- and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors,
- variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name,
- and so on.
-
-16. The environment passed to executed commands is not sorted. Neither is
- the output of `set'. This is not strictly Posix.2 behavior, but sh
- does it this way. Ksh does not. It's not necessary to sort the
- environment; no program should rely on it being sorted.
-
-17. If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, the
- value it assigns to $PWD does not contain any symbolic links, as if
- `cd -P' had been executed.
-
-18. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
- assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
- statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
- trying to assign a value to a read-only variable.
-
-19. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
- variable in a for statement or the selection variable in a select
- statement is a read-only variable.
-
-20. Process substitution is not available.
-
-21. Assignment statements preceding POSIX.2 `special' builtins persist in
- the shell environment after the builtin completes.
-
-There is other Posix.2 behavior that bash does not implement. Specifically:
-
-1. Assignment statements affect the execution environment of all builtins,
- not just special ones.
+++ /dev/null
-This file is set.def, from which is created set.c.
-It implements the "set" and "unset" builtins in Bash.
-
-Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
-Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
-Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later
-version.
-
-Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
-WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
-for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
-with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
-Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-
-$PRODUCES set.c
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "../shell.h"
-#include "../flags.h"
-
-#include "bashgetopt.h"
-
-extern int interactive;
-extern int noclobber, posixly_correct;
-#if defined (READLINE)
-extern int rl_editing_mode, no_line_editing;
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
-$BUILTIN set
-$FUNCTION set_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC set [--abefhkmnptuvxldBCHP] [-o option] [arg ...]
- -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export.
- -b Notify of job termination immediately.
- -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.
- -f Disable file name generation (globbing).
- -h Locate and remember function commands as functions are
- defined. Function commands are normally looked up when
- the function is executed.
- -i Force the shell to be an "interactive" one. Interactive shells
- always read `~/.bashrc' on startup.
- -k All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a
- command, not just those that precede the command name.
- -m Job control is enabled.
- -n Read commands but do not execute them.
- -o option-name
- Set the variable corresponding to option-name:
- allexport same as -a
- braceexpand same as -B
-#if defined (READLINE)
- emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface
-#endif /* READLINE */
- errexit same as -e
- histexpand same as -H
- ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF
- interactive-comments
- allow comments to appear in interactive commands
- monitor same as -m
- noclobber disallow redirection to existing files
- noexec same as -n
- noglob same as -f
- nohash same as -d
- notify save as -b
- nounset same as -u
- physical same as -P
- posix change the behavior of bash where the default
- operation differs from the 1003.2 standard to
- match the standard
- privileged same as -p
- verbose same as -v
-#if defined (READLINE)
- vi use a vi-style line editing interface
-#endif /* READLINE */
- xtrace same as -x
- -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match.
- Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell
- functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and
- gid to be set to the real uid and gid.
- -t Exit after reading and executing one command.
- -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.
- -v Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.
- -l Save and restore the binding of the NAME in a FOR command.
- -d Disable the hashing of commands that are looked up for execution.
- Normally, commands are remembered in a hash table, and once
- found, do not have to be looked up again.
-#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
- -B the shell will perform brace expansion
-#endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */
-#if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on
- by default.
-#endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
- -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten
- by redirection of output.
- -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands
- such as cd which change the current directory.
-
-Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The
-flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current
-set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional
-parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no
-ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed.
-$END
-
-/* An a-list used to match long options for set -o to the corresponding
- option letter. */
-struct {
- char *name;
- int letter;
-} o_options[] = {
- { "allexport", 'a' },
-#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
- { "braceexpand",'B' },
-#endif
- { "errexit", 'e' },
- { "histexpand", 'H' },
- { "monitor", 'm' },
- { "noexec", 'n' },
- { "noglob", 'f' },
- { "nohash", 'd' },
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- { "notify", 'b' },
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
- {"nounset", 'u' },
- {"physical", 'P' },
- {"privileged", 'p' },
- {"verbose", 'v' },
- {"xtrace", 'x' },
- {(char *)NULL, 0},
-};
-
-#define MINUS_O_FORMAT "%-15s\t%s\n"
-
-void
-list_minus_o_opts ()
-{
- register int i;
- char *on = "on", *off = "off";
-
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "noclobber", (noclobber == 1) ? on : off);
-
- if (find_variable ("ignoreeof") || find_variable ("IGNOREEOF"))
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "ignoreeof", on);
- else
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "ignoreeof", off);
-
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "interactive-comments",
- interactive_comments ? on : off);
-
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "posix", posixly_correct ? on : off);
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- if (no_line_editing)
- {
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "emacs", off);
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "vi", off);
- }
- else
- {
- /* Magic. This code `knows' how readline handles rl_editing_mode. */
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "emacs", (rl_editing_mode == 1) ? on : off);
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, "vi", (rl_editing_mode == 0) ? on : off);
- }
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
- for (i = 0; o_options[i].name; i++)
- {
- int *on_or_off, zero = 0;
-
- on_or_off = find_flag (o_options[i].letter);
- if (on_or_off == FLAG_UNKNOWN)
- on_or_off = &zero;
- printf (MINUS_O_FORMAT, o_options[i].name, (*on_or_off == 1) ? on : off);
- }
-}
-
-set_minus_o_option (on_or_off, option_name)
- int on_or_off;
- char *option_name;
-{
- int option_char = -1;
-
- if (STREQ (option_name, "noclobber"))
- {
- if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON)
- bind_variable ("noclobber", "");
- else
- unbind_variable ("noclobber");
- stupidly_hack_special_variables ("noclobber");
- }
- else if (STREQ (option_name, "ignoreeof"))
- {
- unbind_variable ("ignoreeof");
- unbind_variable ("IGNOREEOF");
- if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON)
- bind_variable ("IGNOREEOF", "10");
- stupidly_hack_special_variables ("IGNOREEOF");
- }
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- else if ((STREQ (option_name, "emacs")) || (STREQ (option_name, "vi")))
- {
- if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON)
- {
- rl_variable_bind ("editing-mode", option_name);
-
- if (interactive)
- with_input_from_stdin ();
- no_line_editing = 0;
- }
- else
- {
- int isemacs = (rl_editing_mode == 1);
- if ((isemacs && STREQ (option_name, "emacs")) ||
- (!isemacs && STREQ (option_name, "vi")))
- {
- if (interactive)
- with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin");
- no_line_editing = 1;
- }
- else
- builtin_error ("not in %s editing mode", option_name);
- }
- }
-#endif /* READLINE */
- else if (STREQ (option_name, "interactive-comments"))
- interactive_comments = (on_or_off == FLAG_ON);
- else if (STREQ (option_name, "posix"))
- {
- posixly_correct = (on_or_off == FLAG_ON);
- unbind_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
- unbind_variable ("POSIX_PEDANTIC");
- if (on_or_off == FLAG_ON)
- {
- bind_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT", "");
- stupidly_hack_special_variables ("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
- }
- }
- else
- {
- register int i;
- for (i = 0; o_options[i].name; i++)
- {
- if (STREQ (option_name, o_options[i].name))
- {
- option_char = o_options[i].letter;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (option_char == -1)
- {
- builtin_error ("%s: unknown option name", option_name);
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
- if (change_flag (option_char, on_or_off) == FLAG_ERROR)
- {
- bad_option (option_name);
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
-}
-
-/* Set some flags from the word values in the input list. If LIST is empty,
- then print out the values of the variables instead. If LIST contains
- non-flags, then set $1 - $9 to the successive words of LIST. */
-set_builtin (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- int on_or_off, flag_name, force_assignment = 0;
-
- if (!list)
- {
- SHELL_VAR **vars;
-
- vars = all_shell_variables ();
- if (vars)
- {
- print_var_list (vars);
- free (vars);
- }
-
- vars = all_shell_functions ();
- if (vars)
- {
- print_var_list (vars);
- free (vars);
- }
-
- return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
- }
-
- /* Check validity of flag arguments. */
- if (*list->word->word == '-' || *list->word->word == '+')
- {
- register char *arg;
- WORD_LIST *save_list = list;
-
- while (list && (arg = list->word->word))
- {
- char c;
-
- if (arg[0] != '-' && arg[0] != '+')
- break;
-
- /* `-' or `--' signifies end of flag arguments. */
- if (arg[0] == '-' &&
- (!arg[1] || (arg[1] == '-' && !arg[2])))
- break;
-
- while (c = *++arg)
- {
- if (find_flag (c) == FLAG_UNKNOWN && c != 'o')
- {
- char s[2];
- s[0] = c; s[1] = '\0';
- bad_option (s);
- if (c == '?')
- builtin_usage ();
- return (c == '?' ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- list = list->next;
- }
- list = save_list;
- }
-
- /* Do the set command. While the list consists of words starting with
- '-' or '+' treat them as flags, otherwise, start assigning them to
- $1 ... $n. */
- while (list)
- {
- char *string = list->word->word;
-
- /* If the argument is `--' or `-' then signal the end of the list
- and remember the remaining arguments. */
- if (string[0] == '-' && (!string[1] || (string[1] == '-' && !string[2])))
- {
- list = list->next;
-
- /* `set --' unsets the positional parameters. */
- if (string[1] == '-')
- force_assignment = 1;
-
- /* Until told differently, the old shell behaviour of
- `set - [arg ...]' being equivalent to `set +xv [arg ...]'
- stands. Posix.2 says the behaviour is marked as obsolescent. */
- else
- {
- change_flag ('x', '+');
- change_flag ('v', '+');
- }
-
- break;
- }
-
- if ((on_or_off = *string) &&
- (on_or_off == '-' || on_or_off == '+'))
- {
- int i = 1;
- while (flag_name = string[i++])
- {
- if (flag_name == '?')
- {
- builtin_usage ();
- return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
- }
- else if (flag_name == 'o') /* -+o option-name */
- {
- char *option_name;
- WORD_LIST *opt;
-
- opt = list->next;
-
- if (!opt)
- {
- list_minus_o_opts ();
- continue;
- }
-
- option_name = opt->word->word;
-
- if (!option_name || !*option_name || (*option_name == '-'))
- {
- list_minus_o_opts ();
- continue;
- }
- list = list->next; /* Skip over option name. */
-
- if (set_minus_o_option (on_or_off, option_name) != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
- else
- {
- if (change_flag (flag_name, on_or_off) == FLAG_ERROR)
- {
- char opt[3];
- opt[0] = on_or_off;
- opt[1] = flag_name;
- opt[2] = '\0';
- bad_option (opt);
- builtin_usage ();
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- else
- {
- break;
- }
- list = list->next;
- }
-
- /* Assigning $1 ... $n */
- if (list || force_assignment)
- remember_args (list, 1);
- return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
-}
-
-$BUILTIN unset
-$FUNCTION unset_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]
-For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. Given
-the `-v', unset will only act on variables. Given the `-f' flag,
-unset will only act on functions. With neither flag, unset first
-tries to unset a variable, and if that fails, then tries to unset a
-function. Some variables (such as PATH and IFS) cannot be unset; also
-see readonly.
-$END
-
-#define NEXT_VARIABLE() any_failed++; list = list->next; continue;
-
-unset_builtin (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- int unset_function, unset_variable, unset_array, opt, any_failed;
- char *name;
-
- unset_function = unset_variable = unset_array = any_failed = 0;
-
- reset_internal_getopt ();
- while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "fv")) != -1)
- {
- switch (opt)
- {
- case 'f':
- unset_function = 1;
- break;
- case 'v':
- unset_variable = 1;
- break;
- default:
- builtin_usage ();
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
- }
-
- list = loptend;
-
- if (unset_function && unset_variable)
- {
- builtin_error ("cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable");
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
-
- while (list)
- {
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- int tem;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- char *t;
-#endif
-
- name = list->word->word;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (!unset_function && valid_array_reference (name))
- {
- t = strchr (name, '[');
- *t++ = '\0';
- unset_array++;
- }
-#endif
-
- var = unset_function ? find_function (name) : find_variable (name);
-
- if (var && !unset_function && non_unsettable_p (var))
- {
- builtin_error ("%s: cannot unset", name);
- NEXT_VARIABLE ();
- }
-
- /* Posix.2 says that unsetting readonly variables is an error. */
- if (var && readonly_p (var))
- {
- builtin_error ("%s: cannot unset: readonly %s",
- name, unset_function ? "function" : "variable");
- NEXT_VARIABLE ();
- }
-
- /* Unless the -f option is supplied, the name refers to a variable. */
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (var && unset_array)
- {
- if (array_p (var) == 0)
- {
- builtin_error ("%s: not an array variable", name);
- NEXT_VARIABLE ();
- }
- else
- tem = unbind_array_element (var, t);
- }
- else
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
- tem = makunbound (name, unset_function ? shell_functions : shell_variables);
-
- /* This is what Posix.2 draft 11+ says. ``If neither -f nor -v
- is specified, the name refers to a variable; if a variable by
- that name does not exist, a function by that name, if any,
- shall be unset.'' */
- if ((tem == -1) && !unset_function && !unset_variable)
- tem = makunbound (name, shell_functions);
-
- if (tem == -1)
- any_failed++;
- else if (!unset_function)
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
-
- list = list->next;
- }
-
- if (any_failed)
- return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- else
- return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
-}
+++ /dev/null
-/* unwind_prot.h - Macros and functions for hacking unwind protection. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
- the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
- version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
- WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
- for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
- with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
- Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
-
-#if !defined (_UNWIND_PROT_H)
-#define _UNWIND_PROT_H
-
-/* Run a function without interrupts. */
-extern void begin_unwind_frame ();
-extern void discard_unwind_frame ();
-extern void run_unwind_frame ();
-extern void add_unwind_protect ();
-extern void remove_unwind_protect ();
-extern void run_unwind_protects ();
-extern void unwind_protect_var ();
-
-/* Define for people who like their code to look a certain way. */
-#define end_unwind_frame()
-
-/* How to protect an integer. */
-#define unwind_protect_int(X) unwind_protect_var (&(X), (char *)(X), sizeof (int))
-
-/* How to protect a pointer to a string. */
-#define unwind_protect_string(X) \
- unwind_protect_var ((int *)&(X), (X), sizeof (char *))
-
-/* How to protect any old pointer. */
-#define unwind_protect_pointer(X) unwind_protect_string (X)
-
-/* How to protect the contents of a jmp_buf. */
-#define unwind_protect_jmp_buf(X) \
- unwind_protect_var ((int *)(X), (char *)(X), sizeof (procenv_t))
-
-#endif /* _UNWIND_PROT_H */
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# Master distribution manifest for bash
-#
-#
-# Filename type
-#
-CWRU d
-CWRU/misc d
-builtins d
-cross-build d
-doc d
-examples d
-#examples/obashdb d
-examples/complete d
-examples/functions d
-examples/scripts d
-#examples/scripts.v2 d
-#examples/scripts.noah d
-examples/startup-files d
-#examples/startup-files/apple d
-examples/misc d
-examples/loadables d
-examples/loadables/perl d
-include d
-lib d
-lib/glob d
-lib/glob/doc d
-lib/intl d
-lib/malloc d
-lib/readline d
-lib/readline/doc d
-lib/readline/examples d
-lib/sh d
-lib/termcap d
-lib/tilde d
-m4 d
-po d
-support d
-tests d
-tests/misc d
-ABOUT-NLS f
-ChangeLog s CWRU/changelog
-CHANGES f
-COMPAT f
-COPYING f
-INSTALL f
-MANIFEST f
-NEWS f
-NOTES f
-POSIX f
-README f
-RBASH f
-AUTHORS f
-Y2K f
-configure.ac f
-configure f 755
-Makefile.in f
-config-top.h f
-config-bot.h f
-config.h.in f
-aclocal.m4 f
-array.c f
-arrayfunc.c f
-assoc.c f
-eval.c f
-print_cmd.c f
-general.c f
-list.c f
-locale.c f
-stringlib.c f
-variables.c f
-make_cmd.c f
-copy_cmd.c f
-unwind_prot.c f
-dispose_cmd.c f
-bashhist.c f
-hashcmd.c f
-hashlib.c f
-parse.y f
-pathexp.c f
-subst.c f
-shell.c f
-trap.c f
-sig.c f
-siglist.c f
-version.c f
-flags.c f
-jobs.c f
-input.c f
-mailcheck.c f
-test.c f
-expr.c f
-alias.c f
-execute_cmd.c f
-findcmd.c f
-redir.c f
-bashline.c f
-braces.c f
-bracecomp.c f
-nojobs.c f
-error.c f
-xmalloc.c f
-pcomplete.c f
-pcomplib.c f
-mksyntax.c f
-alias.h f
-builtins.h f
-bashhist.h f
-bashline.h f
-conftypes.h f
-patchlevel.h f
-variables.h f
-array.h f
-arrayfunc.h f
-assoc.h f
-jobs.h f
-findcmd.h f
-hashlib.h f
-quit.h f
-flags.h f
-shell.h f
-syntax.h f
-pathexp.h f
-parser.h f
-pcomplete.h f
-sig.h f
-test.h f
-trap.h f
-general.h f
-unwind_prot.h f
-input.h f
-error.h f
-command.h f
-externs.h f
-siglist.h f
-subst.h f
-dispose_cmd.h f
-hashcmd.h f
-bashansi.h f
-bashjmp.h f
-bashintl.h f
-make_cmd.h f
-execute_cmd.h f
-redir.h f
-bashtypes.h f
-mailcheck.h f
-xmalloc.h f
-y.tab.c f
-y.tab.h f
-parser-built f
-pathnames.h.in f
-builtins/Makefile.in f
-builtins/alias.def f
-builtins/bind.def f
-builtins/break.def f
-builtins/builtin.def f
-builtins/caller.def f
-builtins/cd.def f
-builtins/colon.def f
-builtins/command.def f
-builtins/complete.def f
-builtins/common.c f
-builtins/declare.def f
-builtins/echo.def f
-builtins/enable.def f
-builtins/eval.def f
-builtins/evalfile.c f
-builtins/evalstring.c f
-builtins/exec.def f
-builtins/exit.def f
-builtins/fc.def f
-builtins/fg_bg.def f
-builtins/gen-helpfiles.c f
-builtins/getopt.c f
-builtins/getopt.h f
-builtins/getopts.def f
-builtins/hash.def f
-builtins/help.def f
-builtins/let.def f
-builtins/history.def f
-builtins/jobs.def f
-builtins/kill.def f
-builtins/mapfile.def f
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c f
-builtins/printf.def f
-builtins/pushd.def f
-builtins/read.def f
-builtins/reserved.def f
-builtins/return.def f
-builtins/set.def f
-builtins/setattr.def f
-builtins/shift.def f
-builtins/shopt.def f
-builtins/source.def f
-builtins/suspend.def f
-builtins/test.def f
-builtins/times.def f
-builtins/trap.def f
-builtins/type.def f
-builtins/ulimit.def f
-builtins/umask.def f
-builtins/wait.def f
-builtins/psize.c f
-builtins/psize.sh f
-builtins/inlib.def f
-builtins/bashgetopt.c f
-builtins/common.h f
-builtins/bashgetopt.h f
-cross-build/cygwin32.cache f
-cross-build/x86-beos.cache f
-cross-build/opennt.cache f
-include/ansi_stdlib.h f
-include/chartypes.h f
-include/filecntl.h f
-include/gettext.h f
-include/maxpath.h f
-include/memalloc.h f
-include/ocache.h f
-include/posixdir.h f
-include/posixjmp.h f
-include/posixselect.h f
-include/posixstat.h f
-include/posixtime.h f
-include/posixwait.h f
-include/shmbchar.h f
-include/shmbutil.h f
-include/shtty.h f
-include/stat-time.h f
-include/stdc.h f
-include/systimes.h f
-include/typemax.h f
-include/unionwait.h f
-lib/glob/Makefile.in f
-lib/glob/sm_loop.c f
-lib/glob/smatch.c f
-lib/glob/strmatch.c f
-lib/glob/strmatch.h f
-lib/glob/glob.c f
-lib/glob/glob.h f
-lib/glob/glob_loop.c f
-lib/glob/gmisc.c f
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c f
-lib/glob/collsyms.h f
-lib/glob/doc/Makefile f
-lib/glob/doc/glob.texi f
-lib/glob/ndir.h f
-lib/intl/ChangeLog f
-lib/intl/Makefile.in f
-lib/intl/VERSION f
-lib/intl/bindtextdom.c f
-lib/intl/config.charset f
-lib/intl/dcgettext.c f
-lib/intl/dcigettext.c f
-lib/intl/dcngettext.c f
-lib/intl/dgettext.c f
-lib/intl/dngettext.c f
-lib/intl/eval-plural.h f
-lib/intl/explodename.c f
-lib/intl/finddomain.c f
-lib/intl/gettext.c f
-lib/intl/gettextP.h f
-lib/intl/gmo.h f
-lib/intl/hash-string.h f
-lib/intl/intl-compat.c f
-lib/intl/l10nflist.c f
-lib/intl/libgnuintl.h.in f
-lib/intl/loadinfo.h f
-lib/intl/loadmsgcat.c f
-lib/intl/localcharset.c f
-lib/intl/localcharset.h f
-lib/intl/locale.alias f
-lib/intl/localealias.c f
-lib/intl/localename.c f
-lib/intl/log.c f
-lib/intl/ngettext.c f
-lib/intl/os2compat.c f
-lib/intl/os2compat.h f
-lib/intl/osdep.c f
-lib/intl/plural-exp.c f
-lib/intl/plural-exp.h f
-lib/intl/plural.c f
-lib/intl/plural.y f
-lib/intl/ref-add.sin f
-lib/intl/ref-del.sin f
-lib/intl/relocatable.c f
-lib/intl/relocatable.h f
-lib/intl/textdomain.c f
-lib/malloc/Makefile.in f
-lib/malloc/getpagesize.h f
-lib/malloc/imalloc.h f
-lib/malloc/mstats.h f
-lib/malloc/shmalloc.h f
-lib/malloc/table.h f
-lib/malloc/watch.h f
-lib/malloc/alloca.c f
-lib/malloc/malloc.c f
-lib/malloc/stats.c f
-lib/malloc/table.c f
-lib/malloc/trace.c f
-lib/malloc/watch.c f
-lib/malloc/xmalloc.c f
-lib/malloc/xleaktrace f 755
-lib/malloc/stub.c f
-lib/malloc/i386-alloca.s f
-lib/malloc/x386-alloca.s f
-lib/readline/COPYING f
-lib/readline/Makefile.in f
-lib/readline/ChangeLog f
-lib/readline/README f
-lib/readline/STANDALONE f
-lib/readline/readline.c f
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c f
-lib/readline/emacs_keymap.c f
-lib/readline/vi_keymap.c f
-lib/readline/history.c f
-lib/readline/histexpand.c f
-lib/readline/histsearch.c f
-lib/readline/histfile.c f
-lib/readline/funmap.c f
-lib/readline/keymaps.c f
-lib/readline/util.c f
-lib/readline/terminal.c f
-lib/readline/xfree.c f
-lib/readline/xmalloc.c f
-lib/readline/search.c f
-lib/readline/isearch.c f
-lib/readline/parens.c f
-lib/readline/rltty.c f
-lib/readline/compat.c f
-lib/readline/complete.c f
-lib/readline/bind.c f
-lib/readline/display.c f
-lib/readline/signals.c f
-lib/readline/kill.c f
-lib/readline/text.c f
-lib/readline/undo.c f
-lib/readline/macro.c f
-lib/readline/input.c f
-lib/readline/callback.c f
-lib/readline/mbutil.c f
-lib/readline/misc.c f
-lib/readline/nls.c f
-lib/readline/shell.c f
-lib/readline/colors.c f
-lib/readline/parse-colors.c f
-lib/readline/savestring.c f
-lib/readline/tilde.c f
-lib/readline/tilde.h f
-lib/readline/rldefs.h f
-lib/readline/rlconf.h f
-lib/readline/rlmbutil.h f
-lib/readline/rlshell.h f
-lib/readline/rltty.h f
-lib/readline/rltypedefs.h f
-lib/readline/rlwinsize.h f
-lib/readline/readline.h f
-lib/readline/tcap.h f
-lib/readline/keymaps.h f
-lib/readline/history.h f
-lib/readline/histlib.h f
-lib/readline/chardefs.h f
-lib/readline/posixdir.h f
-lib/readline/posixjmp.h f
-lib/readline/posixselect.h f
-lib/readline/posixstat.h f
-lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h f
-lib/readline/rlstdc.h f
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h f
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-tests/run-extglob3 f
-tests/run-func f
-tests/run-getopts f
-tests/run-glob-test f
-tests/run-globstar f
-tests/run-heredoc f
-tests/run-herestr f
-tests/run-histexpand f
-tests/run-history f
-tests/run-ifs f
-tests/run-ifs-posix f
-tests/run-input-test f
-tests/run-intl f
-tests/run-iquote f
-tests/run-invert f
-tests/run-jobs f
-tests/run-lastpipe f
-tests/run-mapfile f
-tests/run-more-exp f
-tests/run-nameref f
-tests/run-new-exp f
-tests/run-nquote f
-tests/run-nquote1 f
-tests/run-nquote2 f
-tests/run-nquote3 f
-tests/run-nquote4 f
-tests/run-nquote5 f
-tests/run-posix2 f
-tests/run-posixexp f
-tests/run-posixexp2 f
-tests/run-posixpat f
-tests/run-posixpipe f
-tests/run-precedence f
-tests/run-printf f
-tests/run-quote f
-tests/run-read f
-tests/run-redir f
-tests/run-rhs-exp f
-tests/run-rsh f
-tests/run-set-e f
-tests/run-set-x f
-tests/run-shopt f
-tests/run-strip f
-tests/run-test f
-tests/run-tilde f
-tests/run-tilde2 f
-tests/run-trap f
-tests/run-type f
-tests/run-varenv f
-tests/run-vredir f
-tests/set-e.tests f
-tests/set-e1.sub f
-tests/set-e2.sub f
-tests/set-e3.sub f
-tests/set-e3a.sub f
-tests/set-e.right f
-tests/set-x.tests f
-tests/set-x1.sub f
-tests/set-x.right f
-tests/shopt.tests f
-tests/shopt.right f
-tests/strip.tests f
-tests/strip.right f
-tests/test.tests f
-tests/test.right f
-tests/tilde.tests f
-tests/tilde.right f
-tests/tilde2.tests f
-tests/tilde2.right f
-tests/trap.tests f
-tests/trap.right f
-tests/trap1.sub f 755
-tests/trap2.sub f 755
-tests/trap2a.sub f 755
-tests/trap3.sub f
-tests/trap4.sub f
-tests/trap5.sub f
-tests/type.tests f
-tests/type.right f
-tests/type1.sub f
-tests/type2.sub f
-tests/type3.sub f
-tests/type4.sub f
-tests/unicode1.sub f
-tests/unicode2.sub f
-tests/varenv.right f
-tests/varenv.sh f
-tests/varenv1.sub f
-tests/varenv2.sub f
-tests/varenv3.sub f
-tests/varenv4.sub f
-tests/varenv5.sub f
-tests/version f
-tests/version.mini f
-tests/vredir.tests f
-tests/vredir.right f
-tests/vredir1.sub f
-tests/vredir2.sub f
-tests/vredir3.sub f
-tests/vredir4.sub f
-tests/vredir5.sub f
-tests/vredir6.sub f
-tests/misc/dev-tcp.tests f
-tests/misc/perf-script f
-tests/misc/perftest f
-tests/misc/read-nchars.tests f
-tests/misc/redir-t2.sh f
-tests/misc/run-r2.sh f
-tests/misc/sigint-1.sh f
-tests/misc/sigint-2.sh f
-tests/misc/sigint-3.sh f
-tests/misc/sigint-4.sh f
-tests/misc/test-minus-e.1 f
-tests/misc/test-minus-e.2 f
-tests/misc/wait-bg.tests f
-#examples/scripts.v2/PERMISSION f
-#examples/scripts.v2/README f
-#examples/scripts.v2/arc2tarz f
-#examples/scripts.v2/bashrand f
-#examples/scripts.v2/cal2day.bash f
-#examples/scripts.v2/cdhist.bash f
-#examples/scripts.v2/corename f
-#examples/scripts.v2/fman f
-#examples/scripts.v2/frcp f
-#examples/scripts.v2/lowercase f
-#examples/scripts.v2/ncp f
-#examples/scripts.v2/newext f
-#examples/scripts.v2/nmv f
-#examples/scripts.v2/pages f
-#examples/scripts.v2/pf f
-#examples/scripts.v2/ren f
-#examples/scripts.v2/rename f
-#examples/scripts.v2/repeat f
-#examples/scripts.v2/untar f
-#examples/scripts.v2/uudec f
-#examples/scripts.v2/uuenc f
-#examples/scripts.v2/vtree f
-#examples/scripts.v2/where f
-#examples/scripts.v2/pmtop f
-#examples/scripts.v2/shprof f
-#examples/scripts.noah/PERMISSION f
-#examples/scripts.noah/README f
-#examples/scripts.noah/aref.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/bash.sub.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/bash_version.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/mktmp.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/number.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/prompt.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/remap_keys.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/require.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/send_mail.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/shcat.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/source.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/string.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/stty.bash f
-#examples/scripts.noah/y_or_n_p.bash f
+++ /dev/null
-/* config.h -- Configuration file for bash. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009,2011-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#ifndef _CONFIG_H_
-#define _CONFIG_H_
-
-/* Configuration feature settings controllable by autoconf. */
-
-/* Define JOB_CONTROL if your operating system supports
- BSD-like job control. */
-#undef JOB_CONTROL
-
-/* Define ALIAS if you want the alias features. */
-#undef ALIAS
-
-/* Define PUSHD_AND_POPD if you want those commands to be compiled in.
- (Also the `dirs' commands.) */
-#undef PUSHD_AND_POPD
-
-/* Define BRACE_EXPANSION if you want curly brace expansion a la Csh:
- foo{a,b} -> fooa foob. Even if this is compiled in (the default) you
- can turn it off at shell startup with `-nobraceexpansion', or during
- shell execution with `set +o braceexpand'. */
-#undef BRACE_EXPANSION
-
-/* Define READLINE to get the nifty/glitzy editing features.
- This is on by default. You can turn it off interactively
- with the -nolineediting flag. */
-#undef READLINE
-
-/* Define BANG_HISTORY if you want to have Csh style "!" history expansion.
- This is unrelated to READLINE. */
-#undef BANG_HISTORY
-
-/* Define HISTORY if you want to have access to previously typed commands.
-
- If both HISTORY and READLINE are defined, you can get at the commands
- with line editing commands, and you can directly manipulate the history
- from the command line.
-
- If only HISTORY is defined, the `fc' and `history' builtins are
- available. */
-#undef HISTORY
-
-/* Define this if you want completion that puts all alternatives into
- a brace expansion shell expression. */
-#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) && defined (READLINE)
-# define BRACE_COMPLETION
-#endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */
-
-/* Define DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG if you want the echo builtin to interpret
- the backslash-escape characters by default, like the XPG Single Unix
- Specification V2 for echo.
- This requires that V9_ECHO be defined. */
-#undef DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG
-
-/* Define HELP_BUILTIN if you want the `help' shell builtin and the long
- documentation strings compiled into the shell. */
-#undef HELP_BUILTIN
-
-/* Define RESTRICTED_SHELL if you want the generated shell to have the
- ability to be a restricted one. The shell thus generated can become
- restricted by being run with the name "rbash", or by setting the -r
- flag. */
-#undef RESTRICTED_SHELL
-
-/* Define DISABLED_BUILTINS if you want "builtin foo" to always run the
- shell builtin "foo", even if it has been disabled with "enable -n foo". */
-#undef DISABLED_BUILTINS
-
-/* Define PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION if you want the K*rn shell-like process
- substitution features "<(file)". */
-/* Right now, you cannot do this on machines without fully operational
- FIFO support. This currently include NeXT and Alliant. */
-#undef PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION
-
-/* Define PROMPT_STRING_DECODE if you want the backslash-escaped special
- characters in PS1 and PS2 expanded. Variable expansion will still be
- performed. */
-#undef PROMPT_STRING_DECODE
-
-/* Define SELECT_COMMAND if you want the Korn-shell style `select' command:
- select word in word_list; do command_list; done */
-#undef SELECT_COMMAND
-
-/* Define COMMAND_TIMING of you want the ksh-style `time' reserved word and
- the ability to time pipelines, functions, and builtins. */
-#undef COMMAND_TIMING
-
-/* Define ARRAY_VARS if you want ksh-style one-dimensional array variables. */
-#undef ARRAY_VARS
-
-/* Define DPAREN_ARITHMETIC if you want the ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic
- evaluation command. */
-#undef DPAREN_ARITHMETIC
-
-/* Define EXTENDED_GLOB if you want the ksh-style [*+@?!](patlist) extended
- pattern matching. */
-#undef EXTENDED_GLOB
-
-/* Define EXTGLOB_DEFAULT to the value you'd like the extglob shell option
- to have by default */
-#undef EXTGLOB_DEFAULT
-
-/* Define COND_COMMAND if you want the ksh-style [[...]] conditional
- command. */
-#undef COND_COMMAND
-
-/* Define COND_REGEXP if you want extended regular expression matching and the
- =~ binary operator in the [[...]] conditional command. */
-#define COND_REGEXP
-
-/* Define COPROCESS_SUPPORT if you want support for ksh-like coprocesses and
- the `coproc' reserved word */
-#define COPROCESS_SUPPORT
-
-/* Define ARITH_FOR_COMMAND if you want the ksh93-style
- for (( init; test; step )) do list; done
- arithmetic for command. */
-#undef ARITH_FOR_COMMAND
-
-/* Define NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS if you want /dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port to open
- socket connections when used in redirections */
-#undef NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS
-
-/* Define PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION for the programmable completion features
- and the complete builtin. */
-#undef PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION
-
-/* Define NO_MULTIBYTE_SUPPORT to not compile in support for multibyte
- characters, even if the OS supports them. */
-#undef NO_MULTIBYTE_SUPPORT
-
-/* Define DEBUGGER if you want to compile in some features used only by the
- bash debugger. */
-#undef DEBUGGER
-
-/* Define STRICT_POSIX if you want bash to be strictly posix.2 conformant by
- default (except for echo; that is controlled separately). */
-#undef STRICT_POSIX
-
-/* Define MEMSCRAMBLE if you want the bash malloc and free to scramble
- memory contents on malloc() and free(). */
-#undef MEMSCRAMBLE
-
-/* Define for case-modifying variable attributes; variables modified on
- assignment */
-#undef CASEMOD_ATTRS
-
-/* Define for case-modifying word expansions */
-#undef CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS
-
-/* Define to make the `direxpand' shopt option enabled by default. */
-#undef DIRCOMPLETE_EXPAND_DEFAULT
-
-/* Define AFS if you are using Transarc's AFS. */
-#undef AFS
-
-#undef ENABLE_NLS
-
-/* End of configuration settings controllable by autoconf. */
-/* Other settable options appear in config-top.h. */
-
-#include "config-top.h"
-
-/* Beginning of autoconf additions. */
-
-/* Characteristics of the C compiler */
-#undef const
-
-#undef inline
-
-#undef restrict
-
-#undef volatile
-
-/* Define if cpp supports the ANSI-C stringizing `#' operator */
-#undef HAVE_STRINGIZE
-
-/* Define if the compiler supports `long double' variables. */
-#undef HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
-
-#undef PROTOTYPES
-
-#undef __CHAR_UNSIGNED__
-
-/* Define if the compiler supports `long long' variables. */
-#undef HAVE_LONG_LONG
-
-#undef HAVE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG
-
-/* The number of bytes in a int. */
-#undef SIZEOF_INT
-
-/* The number of bytes in a long. */
-#undef SIZEOF_LONG
-
-/* The number of bytes in a pointer to char. */
-#undef SIZEOF_CHAR_P
-
-/* The number of bytes in a double (hopefully 8). */
-#undef SIZEOF_DOUBLE
-
-/* The number of bytes in an `intmax_t'. */
-#undef SIZEOF_INTMAX_T
-
-/* The number of bytes in a `long long', if we have one. */
-#undef SIZEOF_LONG_LONG
-
-/* System paths */
-
-#define DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY "/usr/spool/mail"
-
-/* Characteristics of the system's header files and libraries that affect
- the compilation environment. */
-
-/* Define if the system does not provide POSIX.1 features except
- with this defined. */
-#undef _POSIX_1_SOURCE
-
-/* Define if you need to in order for stat and other things to work. */
-#undef _POSIX_SOURCE
-
-/* Define to use GNU libc extensions */
-#undef _GNU_SOURCE
-
-/* Define if you have the ANSI C header files. */
-#undef STDC_HEADERS
-
-/* Memory management functions. */
-
-/* Define if using the bash version of malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c */
-#undef USING_BASH_MALLOC
-
-#undef DISABLE_MALLOC_WRAPPERS
-
-/* Define if using alloca.c. */
-#undef C_ALLOCA
-
-/* Define to one of _getb67, GETB67, getb67 for Cray-2 and Cray-YMP systems.
- This function is required for alloca.c support on those systems. */
-#undef CRAY_STACKSEG_END
-
-/* Define if you have alloca, as a function or macro. */
-#undef HAVE_ALLOCA
-
-/* Define if you have <alloca.h> and it should be used (not on Ultrix). */
-#undef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
-
-
-/* SYSTEM TYPES */
-
-/* Define to `long' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef off_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef mode_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <signal.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef sigset_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef pid_t
-
-/* Define to `short' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef bits16_t
-
-/* Define to `unsigned short' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef u_bits16_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef bits32_t
-
-/* Define to `unsigned int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef u_bits32_t
-
-/* Define to `double' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef bits64_t
-
-/* Define to `unsigned int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef u_int
-
-/* Define to `unsigned long' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef u_long
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef ptrdiff_t
-
-/* Define to `unsigned' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef size_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef ssize_t
-
-/* Define to `long' if <stdint.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef intmax_t
-
-/* Define to `unsigned long' if <stdint.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef uintmax_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef uid_t
-
-/* Define to `long' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef clock_t
-
-/* Define to `long' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef time_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef gid_t
-
-/* Define to `unsigned int' if <sys/socket.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef socklen_t
-
-/* Define to `int' if <signal.h> doesn't define. */
-#undef sig_atomic_t
-
-#undef HAVE_MBSTATE_T
-
-/* Define if you have quad_t in <sys/types.h>. */
-#undef HAVE_QUAD_T
-
-/* Define if you have wchar_t in <wctype.h>. */
-#undef HAVE_WCHAR_T
-
-/* Define if you have wctype_t in <wctype.h>. */
-#undef HAVE_WCTYPE_T
-
-/* Define if you have wint_t in <wctype.h>. */
-#undef HAVE_WINT_T
-
-#undef RLIMTYPE
-
-/* Define to the type of elements in the array set by `getgroups'.
- Usually this is either `int' or `gid_t'. */
-#undef GETGROUPS_T
-
-/* Characteristics of the machine archictecture. */
-
-/* If using the C implementation of alloca, define if you know the
- direction of stack growth for your system; otherwise it will be
- automatically deduced at run-time.
- STACK_DIRECTION > 0 => grows toward higher addresses
- STACK_DIRECTION < 0 => grows toward lower addresses
- STACK_DIRECTION = 0 => direction of growth unknown
- */
-#undef STACK_DIRECTION
-
-/* Define if the machine architecture is big-endian. */
-#undef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-
-/* Check for the presence of certain non-function symbols in the system
- libraries. */
-
-/* Define if `sys_siglist' is declared by <signal.h> or <unistd.h>. */
-#undef HAVE_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST
-#undef SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED
-
-/* Define if `_sys_siglist' is declared by <signal.h> or <unistd.h>. */
-#undef UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED
-
-#undef HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-#undef HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-#undef HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST
-
-#undef HAVE_TZNAME
-#undef HAVE_DECL_TZNAME
-
-/* Characteristics of some of the system structures. */
-
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO
-
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO
-
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN
-
-#undef TIOCSTAT_IN_SYS_IOCTL
-
-#undef FIONREAD_IN_SYS_IOCTL
-
-#undef GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL
-
-#undef STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL
-
-#undef TM_IN_SYS_TIME
-
-#undef STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS
-
-#undef SPEED_T_IN_SYS_TYPES
-
-#undef TERMIOS_LDISC
-
-#undef TERMIO_LDISC
-
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS
-
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE
-#undef HAVE_TM_ZONE
-
-#undef HAVE_TIMEVAL
-
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-
-#undef WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET
-
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC
-#undef TIME_H_DEFINES_STRUCT_TIMESPEC
-#undef SYS_TIME_H_DEFINES_STRUCT_TIMESPEC
-#undef PTHREAD_H_DEFINES_STRUCT_TIMESPEC
-
-#undef TYPEOF_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM_IS_STRUCT_TIMESPEC
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIMESPEC_TV_NSEC
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIMENSEC
-#undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM_ST__TIM_TV_NSEC
-
-/* Characteristics of definitions in the system header files. */
-
-#undef HAVE_GETPW_DECLS
-
-#undef HAVE_RESOURCE
-
-#undef HAVE_LIBC_FNM_EXTMATCH
-
-/* Define if you have <linux/audit.h> and it defines AUDIT_USER_TTY */
-#undef HAVE_DECL_AUDIT_USER_TTY
-
-#undef HAVE_DECL_CONFSTR
-
-#undef HAVE_DECL_PRINTF
-
-#undef HAVE_DECL_SBRK
-
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRCPY
-
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRSIGNAL
-
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRTOLD
-
-#undef PRI_MACROS_BROKEN
-
-#undef STRTOLD_BROKEN
-
-/* Define if WCONTINUED is defined in system headers, but rejected by waitpid */
-#undef WCONTINUED_BROKEN
-
-/* These are checked with BASH_CHECK_DECL */
-
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRTOIMAX
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRTOL
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRTOLL
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRTOUL
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRTOULL
-#undef HAVE_DECL_STRTOUMAX
-
-/* Characteristics of system calls and C library functions. */
-
-/* Define if the `getpgrp' function takes no argument. */
-#undef GETPGRP_VOID
-
-#undef NAMED_PIPES_MISSING
-
-#undef OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST
-
-#undef PGRP_PIPE
-
-/* Define if the setvbuf function takes the buffering type as its second
- argument and the buffer pointer as the third, as on System V
- before release 3. */
-#undef SETVBUF_REVERSED
-
-#undef STAT_MACROS_BROKEN
-
-#undef ULIMIT_MAXFDS
-
-#undef CAN_REDEFINE_GETENV
-
-#undef HAVE_STD_PUTENV
-
-#undef HAVE_STD_UNSETENV
-
-#undef HAVE_PRINTF_A_FORMAT
-
-#undef CTYPE_NON_ASCII
-
-/* Define if you have <langinfo.h> and nl_langinfo(CODESET). */
-#undef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
-
-/* Characteristics of properties exported by the kernel. */
-
-/* Define if the kernel can exec files beginning with #! */
-#undef HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC
-
-/* Define if you have the /dev/fd devices to map open files into the file system. */
-#undef HAVE_DEV_FD
-
-/* Defined to /dev/fd or /proc/self/fd (linux). */
-#undef DEV_FD_PREFIX
-
-/* Define if you have the /dev/stdin device. */
-#undef HAVE_DEV_STDIN
-
-/* The type of iconv's `inbuf' argument */
-#undef ICONV_CONST
-
-/* Type and behavior of signal handling functions. */
-
-/* Define as the return type of signal handlers (int or void). */
-#undef RETSIGTYPE
-
-/* Define if return type of signal handlers is void */
-#undef VOID_SIGHANDLER
-
-#undef MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS
-
-#undef HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS
-
-#undef HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS
-
-#undef HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD
-
-#undef UNUSABLE_RT_SIGNALS
-
-
-/* Presence of system and C library functions. */
-
-/* Define if you have the asprintf function. */
-#undef HAVE_ASPRINTF
-
-/* Define if you have the bcopy function. */
-#undef HAVE_BCOPY
-
-/* Define if you have the bzero function. */
-#undef HAVE_BZERO
-
-/* Define if you have the confstr function. */
-#undef HAVE_CONFSTR
-
-/* Define if you have the dlclose function. */
-#undef HAVE_DLCLOSE
-
-/* Define if you have the dlopen function. */
-#undef HAVE_DLOPEN
-
-/* Define if you have the dlsym function. */
-#undef HAVE_DLSYM
-
-/* Define if you don't have vprintf but do have _doprnt. */
-#undef HAVE_DOPRNT
-
-/* Define if you have the dprintf function. */
-#undef HAVE_DPRINTF
-
-/* Define if you have the dup2 function. */
-#undef HAVE_DUP2
-
-/* Define if you have the eaccess function. */
-#undef HAVE_EACCESS
-
-/* Define if you have the faccessat function. */
-#undef HAVE_FACCESSAT
-
-/* Define if you have the fcntl function. */
-#undef HAVE_FCNTL
-
-/* Define if you have the fpurge/__fpurge function. */
-#undef HAVE_FPURGE
-#undef HAVE___FPURGE
-#undef HAVE_DECL_FPURGE
-
-/* Define if you have the getaddrinfo function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETADDRINFO
-
-/* Define if you have the getcwd function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETCWD
-
-/* Define if you have the getdtablesize function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE
-
-/* Define if you have the getgroups function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETGROUPS
-
-/* Define if you have the gethostbyname function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETHOSTBYNAME
-
-/* Define if you have the gethostname function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETHOSTNAME
-
-/* Define if you have the getpagesize function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETPAGESIZE
-
-/* Define if you have the getpeername function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETPEERNAME
-
-/* Define if you have the getpwent function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETPWENT
-
-/* Define if you have the getpwnam function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETPWNAM
-
-/* Define if you have the getpwuid function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETPWUID
-
-/* Define if you have the getrlimit function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
-
-/* Define if you have the getrusage function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETRUSAGE
-
-/* Define if you have the getservbyname function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETSERVBYNAME
-
-/* Define if you have the getservent function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETSERVENT
-
-/* Define if you have the gettimeofday function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
-
-/* Define if you have the getwd function. */
-#undef HAVE_GETWD
-
-/* Define if you have the iconv function. */
-#undef HAVE_ICONV
-
-/* Define if you have the imaxdiv function. */
-#undef HAVE_IMAXDIV
-
-/* Define if you have the inet_aton function. */
-#undef HAVE_INET_ATON
-
-/* Define if you have the isascii function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISASCII
-
-/* Define if you have the isblank function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISBLANK
-
-/* Define if you have the isgraph function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISGRAPH
-
-/* Define if you have the isprint function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISPRINT
-
-/* Define if you have the isspace function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISSPACE
-
-/* Define if you have the iswctype function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISWCTYPE
-
-/* Define if you have the iswlower function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISWLOWER
-
-/* Define if you have the iswupper function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISWUPPER
-
-/* Define if you have the isxdigit function. */
-#undef HAVE_ISXDIGIT
-
-/* Define if you have the kill function. */
-#undef HAVE_KILL
-
-/* Define if you have the killpg function. */
-#undef HAVE_KILLPG
-
-/* Define if you have the lstat function. */
-#undef HAVE_LSTAT
-
-/* Define if you have the locale_charset function. */
-#undef HAVE_LOCALE_CHARSET
-
-/* Define if you have the mbrlen function. */
-#undef HAVE_MBRLEN
-
-/* Define if you have the mbrtowc function. */
-#undef HAVE_MBRTOWC
-
-/* Define if you have the mbscasecmp function. */
-#undef HAVE_MBSCASECMP
-
-/* Define if you have the mbschr function. */
-#undef HAVE_MBSCHR
-
-/* Define if you have the mbscmp function. */
-#undef HAVE_MBSCMP
-
-/* Define if you have the mbsnrtowcs function. */
-#undef HAVE_MBSNRTOWCS
-
-/* Define if you have the mbsrtowcs function. */
-#undef HAVE_MBSRTOWCS
-
-/* Define if you have the memmove function. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMMOVE
-
-/* Define if you have the memset function. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMSET
-
-/* Define if you have the mkfifo function. */
-#undef HAVE_MKFIFO
-
-/* Define if you have the pathconf function. */
-#undef HAVE_PATHCONF
-
-/* Define if you have the putenv function. */
-#undef HAVE_PUTENV
-
-/* Define if you have the raise function. */
-#undef HAVE_RAISE
-
-/* Define if you have the readlink function. */
-#undef HAVE_READLINK
-
-/* Define if you have the regcomp function. */
-#undef HAVE_REGCOMP
-
-/* Define if you have the regexec function. */
-#undef HAVE_REGEXEC
-
-/* Define if you have the rename function. */
-#undef HAVE_RENAME
-
-/* Define if you have the sbrk function. */
-#undef HAVE_SBRK
-
-/* Define if you have the select function. */
-#undef HAVE_SELECT
-
-/* Define if you have the setdtablesize function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETDTABLESIZE
-
-/* Define if you have the setenv function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETENV
-
-/* Define if you have the setitimer function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETITIMER
-
-/* Define if you have the setlinebuf function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETLINEBUF
-
-/* Define if you have the setlocale function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETLOCALE
-
-/* Define if you have the setostype function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETOSTYPE
-
-/* Define if you have the setregid function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETREGID
-#undef HAVE_DECL_SETREGID
-
-/* Define if you have the setvbuf function. */
-#undef HAVE_SETVBUF
-
-/* Define if you have the siginterrupt function. */
-#undef HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT
-
-/* Define if you have the POSIX.1-style sigsetjmp function. */
-#undef HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP
-
-/* Define if you have the snprintf function. */
-#undef HAVE_SNPRINTF
-
-/* Define if you have the strcasecmp function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRCASECMP
-
-/* Define if you have the strcasestr function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRCASESTR
-
-/* Define if you have the strchr function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRCHR
-
-/* Define if you have the strchrnul function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRCHRNUL
-
-/* Define if you have the strcoll function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRCOLL
-
-/* Define if you have the strerror function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRERROR
-
-/* Define if you have the strftime function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRFTIME
-
-/* Define if you have the strnlen function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRNLEN
-
-/* Define if you have the strpbrk function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRPBRK
-
-/* Define if you have the strstr function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRSTR
-
-/* Define if you have the strtod function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOD
-
-/* Define if you have the strtoimax function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOIMAX
-
-/* Define if you have the strtol function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOL
-
-/* Define if you have the strtoll function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOLL
-
-/* Define if you have the strtoul function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOUL
-
-/* Define if you have the strtoull function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOULL
-
-/* Define if you have the strtoumax function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRTOUMAX
-
-/* Define if you have the strsignal function or macro. */
-#undef HAVE_STRSIGNAL
-
-/* Define if you have the sysconf function. */
-#undef HAVE_SYSCONF
-
-/* Define if you have the syslog function. */
-#undef HAVE_SYSLOG
-
-/* Define if you have the tcgetattr function. */
-#undef HAVE_TCGETATTR
-
-/* Define if you have the tcgetpgrp function. */
-#undef HAVE_TCGETPGRP
-
-/* Define if you have the times function. */
-#undef HAVE_TIMES
-
-/* Define if you have the towlower function. */
-#undef HAVE_TOWLOWER
-
-/* Define if you have the towupper function. */
-#undef HAVE_TOWUPPER
-
-/* Define if you have the ttyname function. */
-#undef HAVE_TTYNAME
-
-/* Define if you have the tzset function. */
-#undef HAVE_TZSET
-
-/* Define if you have the ulimit function. */
-#undef HAVE_ULIMIT
-
-/* Define if you have the uname function. */
-#undef HAVE_UNAME
-
-/* Define if you have the unsetenv function. */
-#undef HAVE_UNSETENV
-
-/* Define if you have the vasprintf function. */
-#undef HAVE_VASPRINTF
-
-/* Define if you have the vprintf function. */
-#undef HAVE_VPRINTF
-
-/* Define if you have the vsnprintf function. */
-#undef HAVE_VSNPRINTF
-
-/* Define if you have the waitpid function. */
-#undef HAVE_WAITPID
-
-/* Define if you have the wait3 function. */
-#undef HAVE_WAIT3
-
-/* Define if you have the wcrtomb function. */
-#undef HAVE_WCRTOMB
-
-/* Define if you have the wcscoll function. */
-#undef HAVE_WCSCOLL
-
-/* Define if you have the wcsdup function. */
-#undef HAVE_WCSDUP
-
-/* Define if you have the wctype function. */
-#undef HAVE_WCTYPE
-
-/* Define if you have the wcswidth function. */
-#undef HAVE_WCSWIDTH
-
-/* Define if you have the wcwidth function. */
-#undef HAVE_WCWIDTH
-
-/* and if it works */
-#undef WCWIDTH_BROKEN
-
-/* Presence of certain system include files. */
-
-/* Define if you have the <arpa/inet.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <dirent.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_DIRENT_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <dlfcn.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_DLFCN_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <grp.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_GRP_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <inttypes.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <langinfo.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <libintl.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LIBINTL_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <limits.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LIMITS_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <locale.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_LOCALE_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <ndir.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_NDIR_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <netdh.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_NETDB_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <netinet/in.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <pwd.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_PWD_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <regex.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_REGEX_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <stdlib.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDLIB_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <stdarg.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDARG_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <string.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STRING_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <strings.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STRINGS_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <memory.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMORY_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <stdbool.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDBOOL_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <stddef.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDDEF_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <stdint.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDINT_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <syslog.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYSLOG_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/dir.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_DIR_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/file.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/ndir.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/param.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/pte.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_PTE_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/ptem.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/resource.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/select.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/socket.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/stat.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/stream.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H
-
-/* Define if you have <sys/time.h> */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
-
-#undef TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
-
-/* Define if you have <sys/times.h> */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <sys/types.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
-
-/* Define if you have <sys/wait.h> that is POSIX.1 compatible. */
-#undef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <termcap.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_TERMCAP_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <termio.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_TERMIO_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <termios.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_TERMIOS_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <ulimit.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_ULIMIT_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <unistd.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_UNISTD_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <varargs.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_VARARGS_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <wchar.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_WCHAR_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <varargs.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_WCTYPE_H
-
-/* Presence of certain system libraries. */
-
-#undef HAVE_LIBDL
-
-#undef HAVE_LIBSUN
-
-#undef HAVE_LIBSOCKET
-
-/* Are we running the GNU C library, version 2.1 or later? */
-#undef GLIBC21
-
-/* Define if on MINIX. */
-#undef _MINIX
-
-/* Are we running SVR5 (UnixWare 7)? */
-#undef SVR5
-
-/* Are we running SVR4.2? */
-#undef SVR4_2
-
-/* Are we running some version of SVR4? */
-#undef SVR4
-
-/* Define if job control is unusable or unsupported. */
-#undef JOB_CONTROL_MISSING
-
-/* Do we need to define _KERNEL to get the RLIMIT_* defines from
- <sys/resource.h>? */
-#undef RLIMIT_NEEDS_KERNEL
-
-/* Number of bits in a file offset, on hosts where this is settable. */
-#undef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
-
-/* Define for large files on AIX-style hosts. */
-#undef _LARGE_FILES
-
-/* Do strcoll(3) and strcmp(3) give different results in the default locale? */
-#undef STRCOLL_BROKEN
-
-#undef DUP2_BROKEN
-
-#undef GETCWD_BROKEN
-
-/* Additional defines for configuring lib/intl, maintained by autoscan/autoheader */
-
-/* Define if you have the <argz.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_ARGZ_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <errno.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_ERRNO_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <fcntl.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_FCNTL_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <malloc.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_MALLOC_H
-
-/* Define if you have the <stdio_ext.h> header file. */
-#undef HAVE_STDIO_EXT_H
-
-/* Define if you have the `dcgettext' function. */
-#undef HAVE_DCGETTEXT
-
-/* Define if you have the `localeconv' function. */
-#undef HAVE_LOCALECONV
-
-/* Define if your system has a working `malloc' function. */
-/* #undef HAVE_MALLOC */
-
-/* Define if you have the `mempcpy' function. */
-#undef HAVE_MEMPCPY
-
-/* Define if you have a working `mmap' system call. */
-#undef HAVE_MMAP
-
-/* Define if you have the `munmap' function. */
-#undef HAVE_MUNMAP
-
-/* Define if you have the `nl_langinfo' function. */
-#undef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
-
-/* Define if you have the `stpcpy' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STPCPY
-
-/* Define if you have the `strcspn' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRCSPN
-
-/* Define if you have the `strdup' function. */
-#undef HAVE_STRDUP
-
-/* Define if you have the `__argz_count' function. */
-#undef HAVE___ARGZ_COUNT
-
-/* Define if you have the `__argz_next' function. */
-#undef HAVE___ARGZ_NEXT
-
-/* Define if you have the `__argz_stringify' function. */
-#undef HAVE___ARGZ_STRINGIFY
-
-/* End additions for lib/intl */
-
-#include "config-bot.h"
-
-#endif /* _CONFIG_H_ */
+++ /dev/null
-dnl
-dnl Configure script for bash-4.3
-dnl
-dnl report bugs to chet@po.cwru.edu
-dnl
-dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-
-# Copyright (C) 1987-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-#
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.3, version 4.059])dnl
-
-define(bashvers, 4.3)
-define(relstatus, beta)
-
-AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
-
-dnl make sure we are using a recent autoconf version
-AC_PREREQ(2.61)
-
-AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR(shell.h)
-dnl where to find install.sh, config.sub, and config.guess
-AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(./support)
-AC_CONFIG_HEADERS(config.h)
-
-dnl checks for version info
-BASHVERS=bashvers
-RELSTATUS=relstatus
-
-dnl defaults for debug settings
-case "$RELSTATUS" in
-alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
-*) DEBUG= MALLOC_DEBUG= ;;
-esac
-
-dnl canonicalize the host and os so we can do some tricky things before
-dnl parsing options
-AC_CANONICAL_HOST
-AC_CANONICAL_BUILD
-
-dnl configure defaults
-opt_bash_malloc=yes
-opt_purify=no
-opt_purecov=no
-opt_afs=no
-opt_curses=no
-opt_with_installed_readline=no
-
-#htmldir=
-
-dnl some systems should be configured without the bash malloc by default
-dnl and some need a special compiler or loader
-dnl look in the NOTES file for more
-case "${host_cpu}-${host_os}" in
-alpha*-*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # alpha running osf/1 or linux
-*[[Cc]]ray*-*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Crays
-*-osf1*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # other osf/1 machines
-sparc-svr4*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # sparc SVR4, SVR4.2
-sparc-netbsd*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # needs 8-byte alignment
-mips-irix6*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # needs 8-byte alignment
-m68k-sysv) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # fixes file descriptor leak in closedir
-sparc-linux*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # sparc running linux; requires ELF
-#*-freebsd*-gnu) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # there's some undetermined problem here
-#*-freebsd*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # they claim it's better; I disagree
-*-openbsd*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # they claim it needs eight-bit alignment
-*-mirbsd*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # they claim it needs eight-bit alignment
-*-aix*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # AIX machines
-*-nextstep*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # NeXT machines running NeXTstep
-*-openstep*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # i386/Sparc/HP machines running Openstep
-*-macos*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Apple MacOS X
-*-rhapsody*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Apple Rhapsody (MacOS X)
-*-darwin*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Apple Darwin (MacOS X)
-*-dgux*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # DG/UX machines
-*-qnx*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # QNX 4.2, QNX 6.x
-*-machten4) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # MachTen 4.x
-*-bsdi2.1|*-bsdi3.?) opt_bash_malloc=no ; : ${CC:=shlicc2} ;; # for loadable builtins
-*-beos*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # they say it's suitable
-*-cygwin*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Cygnus's CYGWIN environment
-*-opennt*|*-interix*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # Interix, now owned by Microsoft
-*-nsk*) opt_bash_malloc=no ;; # HP NonStop
-esac
-
-# memory scrambling on free()
-case "${host_os}" in
-sco3.2v5*|sco3.2v4*) opt_memscramble=no ;;
-*) opt_memscramble=yes ;;
-esac
-
-dnl
-dnl macros for the bash debugger
-dnl
-dnl AM_PATH_LISPDIR
-AC_ARG_VAR(DEBUGGER_START_FILE, [location of bash debugger initialization file])
-
-dnl arguments to configure
-dnl packages
-AC_ARG_WITH(afs, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-afs], [if you are running AFS]), opt_afs=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(bash-malloc, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-bash-malloc], [use the Bash version of malloc]), opt_bash_malloc=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(curses, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-curses], [use the curses library instead of the termcap library]), opt_curses=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(gnu-malloc, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-gnu-malloc], [synonym for --with-bash-malloc]), opt_bash_malloc=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(installed-readline, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-installed-readline], [use a version of the readline library that is already installed]), opt_with_installed_readline=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(purecov, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-purecov], [configure to postprocess with pure coverage]), opt_purecov=$withval)
-AC_ARG_WITH(purify, AC_HELP_STRING([--with-purify], [configure to postprocess with purify]), opt_purify=$withval)
-
-if test "$opt_bash_malloc" = yes; then
- MALLOC_TARGET=malloc
- MALLOC_SRC=malloc.c
-
- MALLOC_LIB='-lmalloc'
- MALLOC_LIBRARY='$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)/libmalloc.a'
- MALLOC_LDFLAGS='-L$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)'
- MALLOC_DEP='$(MALLOC_LIBRARY)'
-
- AC_DEFINE(USING_BASH_MALLOC)
-else
- MALLOC_LIB=
- MALLOC_LIBRARY=
- MALLOC_LDFLAGS=
- MALLOC_DEP=
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_purify" = yes; then
- PURIFY="purify "
- AC_DEFINE(DISABLE_MALLOC_WRAPPERS)
-else
- PURIFY=
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_purecov" = yes; then
- PURIFY="${PURIFY}purecov"
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_afs" = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(AFS)
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_curses" = yes; then
- prefer_curses=yes
-fi
-
-if test -z "${DEBUGGER_START_FILE}"; then
- DEBUGGER_START_FILE='${datadir}/bashdb/bashdb-main.inc'
-fi
-
-dnl optional shell features in config.h.in
-opt_minimal_config=no
-
-opt_job_control=yes
-opt_alias=yes
-opt_readline=yes
-opt_history=yes
-opt_bang_history=yes
-opt_dirstack=yes
-opt_restricted=yes
-opt_process_subst=yes
-opt_prompt_decoding=yes
-opt_select=yes
-opt_help=yes
-opt_array_variables=yes
-opt_dparen_arith=yes
-opt_extended_glob=yes
-opt_brace_expansion=yes
-opt_disabled_builtins=no
-opt_command_timing=yes
-opt_xpg_echo=no
-opt_strict_posix=no
-opt_cond_command=yes
-opt_cond_regexp=yes
-opt_coproc=yes
-opt_arith_for_command=yes
-opt_net_redirs=yes
-opt_progcomp=yes
-opt_separate_help=no
-opt_multibyte=yes
-opt_debugger=yes
-opt_single_longdoc_strings=yes
-opt_casemod_attrs=yes
-opt_casemod_expansions=yes
-opt_extglob_default=no
-opt_dircomplete_expand_default=no
-
-dnl options that affect how bash is compiled and linked
-opt_static_link=no
-opt_profiling=no
-
-dnl argument parsing for optional features
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(minimal-config, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-minimal-config], [a minimal sh-like configuration]), opt_minimal_config=$enableval)
-
-dnl a minimal configuration turns everything off, but features can be
-dnl added individually
-if test $opt_minimal_config = yes; then
- opt_job_control=no opt_alias=no opt_readline=no
- opt_history=no opt_bang_history=no opt_dirstack=no
- opt_restricted=no opt_process_subst=no opt_prompt_decoding=no
- opt_select=no opt_help=no opt_array_variables=no opt_dparen_arith=no
- opt_brace_expansion=no opt_disabled_builtins=no opt_command_timing=no
- opt_extended_glob=no opt_cond_command=no opt_arith_for_command=no
- opt_net_redirs=no opt_progcomp=no opt_separate_help=no
- opt_multibyte=yes opt_cond_regexp=no opt_coproc=no
- opt_casemod_attrs=no opt_casemod_expansions=no opt_extglob_default=no
- opt_globascii_default=no
-fi
-
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(alias, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-alias], [enable shell aliases]), opt_alias=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(arith-for-command, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-arith-for-command], [enable arithmetic for command]), opt_arith_for_command=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(array-variables, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-array-variables], [include shell array variables]), opt_array_variables=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(bang-history, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-bang-history], [turn on csh-style history substitution]), opt_bang_history=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(brace-expansion, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-brace-expansion], [include brace expansion]), opt_brace_expansion=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(casemod-attributes, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-casemod-attributes], [include case-modifying variable attributes]), opt_casemod_attrs=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(casemod-expansions, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-casemod-expansions], [include case-modifying word expansions]), opt_casemod_expansions=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(command-timing, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-command-timing], [enable the time reserved word and command timing]), opt_command_timing=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(cond-command, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-cond-command], [enable the conditional command]), opt_cond_command=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(cond-regexp, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-cond-regexp], [enable extended regular expression matching in conditional commands]), opt_cond_regexp=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(coprocesses, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-coprocesses], [enable coprocess support and the coproc reserved word]), opt_coproc=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(debugger, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-debugger], [enable support for bash debugger]), opt_debugger=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(direxpand-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-direxpand-default], [enable the direxpand shell option by default]), opt_dircomplete_expand_default=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(directory-stack, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-directory-stack], [enable builtins pushd/popd/dirs]), opt_dirstack=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(disabled-builtins, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-disabled-builtins], [allow disabled builtins to still be invoked]), opt_disabled_builtins=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(dparen-arithmetic, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-dparen-arithmetic], [include ((...)) command]), opt_dparen_arith=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(extended-glob, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-extended-glob], [include ksh-style extended pattern matching]), opt_extended_glob=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(extended-glob-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-extended-glob-default], [force extended pattern matching to be enabled by default]), opt_extglob_default=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(glob-asciiranges-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-glob-asciiranges-default], [force bracket range expressions in pattern matching to use the C locale by default]), opt_globascii_default=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(help-builtin, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-help-builtin], [include the help builtin]), opt_help=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(history, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-history], [turn on command history]), opt_history=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(job-control, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-job-control], [enable job control features]), opt_job_control=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(multibyte, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-multibyte], [enable multibyte characters if OS supports them]), opt_multibyte=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(net-redirections, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-net-redirections], [enable /dev/tcp/host/port redirection]), opt_net_redirs=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(process-substitution, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-process-substitution], [enable process substitution]), opt_process_subst=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(progcomp, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-progcomp], [enable programmable completion and the complete builtin]), opt_progcomp=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(prompt-string-decoding, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-prompt-string-decoding], [turn on escape character decoding in prompts]), opt_prompt_decoding=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(readline, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-readline], [turn on command line editing]), opt_readline=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(restricted, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-restricted], [enable a restricted shell]), opt_restricted=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(select, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-select], [include select command]), opt_select=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(separate-helpfiles, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-separate-helpfiles], [use external files for help builtin documentation]), opt_separate_help=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(single-help-strings, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-single-help-strings], [store help documentation as a single string to ease translation]), opt_single_longdoc_strings=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(strict-posix-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-strict-posix-default], [configure bash to be posix-conformant by default]), opt_strict_posix=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(usg-echo-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-usg-echo-default], [a synonym for --enable-xpg-echo-default]), opt_xpg_echo=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(xpg-echo-default, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-xpg-echo-default], [make the echo builtin expand escape sequences by default]), opt_xpg_echo=$enableval)
-
-dnl options that alter how bash is compiled and linked
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(mem-scramble, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-mem-scramble], [scramble memory on calls to malloc and free]), opt_memscramble=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(profiling, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-profiling], [allow profiling with gprof]), opt_profiling=$enableval)
-AC_ARG_ENABLE(static-link, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-static-link], [link bash statically, for use as a root shell]), opt_static_link=$enableval)
-
-dnl So-called `precious' variables
-AC_ARG_VAR([CC_FOR_BUILD], [C compiler used when compiling binaries used only at build time])
-AC_ARG_VAR([CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD], [Compliation options (CFLAGS) used when compiling binaries used only at build time])
-AC_ARG_VAR([LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD], [Linker options (LDFLAGS) used when compiling binaries used only at build time])
-AC_ARG_VAR([CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD], [C preprocessor options (CPPFLAGS) used when compiling binaries used only at build time])
-
-dnl opt_job_control is handled later, after BASH_JOB_CONTROL_MISSING runs
-
-dnl opt_readline and opt_history are handled later, because AC_PROG_CC needs
-dnl to be run before we can check the version of an already-installed readline
-dnl library
-
-if test $opt_alias = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(ALIAS)
-fi
-if test $opt_dirstack = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PUSHD_AND_POPD)
-fi
-if test $opt_restricted = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(RESTRICTED_SHELL)
-fi
-if test $opt_process_subst = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
-fi
-if test $opt_prompt_decoding = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
-fi
-if test $opt_select = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(SELECT_COMMAND)
-fi
-if test $opt_help = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(HELP_BUILTIN)
-fi
-if test $opt_array_variables = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(ARRAY_VARS)
-fi
-if test $opt_dparen_arith = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
-fi
-if test $opt_brace_expansion = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(BRACE_EXPANSION)
-fi
-if test $opt_disabled_builtins = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(DISABLED_BUILTINS)
-fi
-if test $opt_command_timing = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(COMMAND_TIMING)
-fi
-if test $opt_xpg_echo = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(DEFAULT_ECHO_TO_XPG)
-fi
-if test $opt_strict_posix = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(STRICT_POSIX)
-fi
-if test $opt_extended_glob = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(EXTENDED_GLOB)
-fi
-if test $opt_extglob_default = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(EXTGLOB_DEFAULT, 1)
-else
-AC_DEFINE(EXTGLOB_DEFAULT, 0)
-fi
-if test $opt_cond_command = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(COND_COMMAND)
-fi
-if test $opt_cond_regexp = yes ; then
-AC_DEFINE(COND_REGEXP)
-fi
-if test $opt_coproc = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
-fi
-if test $opt_arith_for_command = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
-fi
-if test $opt_net_redirs = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(NETWORK_REDIRECTIONS)
-fi
-if test $opt_progcomp = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
-fi
-if test $opt_multibyte = no; then
-AC_DEFINE(NO_MULTIBYTE_SUPPORT)
-fi
-if test $opt_debugger = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(DEBUGGER)
-fi
-if test $opt_casemod_attrs = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(CASEMOD_ATTRS)
-fi
-if test $opt_casemod_expansions = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
-fi
-if test $opt_dircomplete_expand_default = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(DIRCOMPLETE_EXPAND_DEFAULT)
-fi
-if test $opt_globascii_default = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(GLOBASCII_DEFAULT, 1)
-else
-AC_DEFINE(GLOBASCII_DEFAULT, 0)
-fi
-
-if test $opt_memscramble = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(MEMSCRAMBLE)
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_minimal_config" = yes; then
- TESTSCRIPT=run-minimal
-else
- TESTSCRIPT=run-all
-fi
-
-HELPDIR= HELPDIRDEFINE= HELPINSTALL= HELPFILES_TARGET=
-if test "$opt_separate_help" != no; then
- if test "$opt_separate_help" = "yes" ; then
- HELPDIR='${datadir}/bash'
- else
- HELPDIR=$opt_separate_help
- fi
- HELPDIRDEFINE='-H ${HELPDIR}'
- HELPINSTALL='install-help'
- HELPFILES_TARGET='helpdoc'
-fi
-HELPSTRINGS=
-if test "$opt_single_longdoc_strings" != "yes"; then
- HELPSTRINGS='-S'
-fi
-
-dnl now substitute in the values generated by arguments
-AC_SUBST(TESTSCRIPT)
-AC_SUBST(PURIFY)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_TARGET)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_SRC)
-
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_LIBRARY)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_LDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_DEP)
-
-AC_SUBST(htmldir)
-
-AC_SUBST(HELPDIR)
-AC_SUBST(HELPDIRDEFINE)
-AC_SUBST(HELPINSTALL)
-AC_SUBST(HELPFILES_TARGET)
-AC_SUBST(HELPSTRINGS)
-
-echo ""
-echo "Beginning configuration for bash-$BASHVERS-$RELSTATUS for ${host_cpu}-${host_vendor}-${host_os}"
-echo ""
-
-dnl compilation checks
-dnl AC_PROG_CC sets $cross_compiling to `yes' if cross-compiling for a
-dnl different environment
-AC_PROG_CC
-
-dnl test for Unix variants
-AC_ISC_POSIX
-AC_MINIX
-
-AC_SYS_LARGEFILE
-
-dnl BEGIN changes for cross-building (currently cygwin, minGW, and
-dnl (obsolete) BeOS)
-
-SIGNAMES_O=
-SIGNAMES_H=lsignames.h
-
-dnl load up the cross-building cache file -- add more cases and cache
-dnl files as necessary
-
-dnl Note that host and target machine are the same, and different than the
-dnl build machine.
-dnl Set SIGNAMES_H based on whether or not we're cross-compiling.
-
-CROSS_COMPILE=
-if test "x$cross_compiling" = "xyes"; then
- case "${host}" in
- *-cygwin*)
- cross_cache=${srcdir}/cross-build/cygwin32.cache
- ;;
- *-mingw*)
- cross_cache=${srcdir}/cross-build/cygwin32.cache
- ;;
- i[[3456]]86-*-beos*)
- cross_cache=${srcdir}/cross-build/x86-beos.cache
- ;;
- *) echo "configure: cross-compiling for $host is not supported" >&2
- ;;
- esac
- if test -n "${cross_cache}" && test -r "${cross_cache}"; then
- echo "loading cross-build cache file ${cross_cache}"
- . ${cross_cache}
- fi
- unset cross_cache
- SIGNAMES_O='signames.o'
- CROSS_COMPILE='-DCROSS_COMPILING'
- AC_SUBST(CROSS_COMPILE)
-fi
-AC_SUBST(SIGNAMES_H)
-AC_SUBST(SIGNAMES_O)
-
-dnl END changes for cross-building
-
-dnl We want these before the checks, so the checks can modify their values.
-if test -z "$CFLAGS"; then
- AUTO_CFLAGS="-g ${GCC+-O2}"
- AUTO_LDFLAGS="-g ${GCC+-O2}"
-else
- AUTO_CFLAGS= AUTO_LDFLAGS=
-fi
-
-dnl default values
-CFLAGS=${CFLAGS-"$AUTO_CFLAGS"}
-# LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS="$AUTO_LDFLAGS"} # XXX
-
-dnl handle options that alter how bash is compiled and linked
-dnl these must come after the test for cc/gcc
-if test "$opt_profiling" = "yes"; then
- PROFILE_FLAGS=-pg
- case "$host_os" in
- solaris2*) ;;
- *) opt_static_link=yes ;;
- esac
- DEBUG= MALLOC_DEBUG=
-fi
-
-prefer_shared=yes
-prefer_static=no
-
-if test "$opt_static_link" = yes; then
- prefer_static=yes
- prefer_shared=no
- # if we're using gcc, add `-static' to LDFLAGS, except on Solaris >= 2
- if test -n "$GCC" || test "$ac_cv_prog_gcc" = "yes"; then
- STATIC_LD="-static"
- case "$host_os" in
- solaris2*) ;;
- *) LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -static" ;; # XXX experimental
- esac
- fi
-fi
-
-# set the appropriate make variables for building the "build tools"
-# modify defaults based on whether or not we are cross compiling, since the
-# options for the target host may not be appropriate for the build host
-if test "X$cross_compiling" = "Xno"; then
- CC_FOR_BUILD=${CC_FOR_BUILD-'$(CC)'}
- CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-"$CPPFLAGS"} # XXX - should it be '$(CPPFLAGS)'
- LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-'$(LDFLAGS)'}
- # CFLAGS set above to default value if not passed in environment
- CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${CFLAGS-'$(CFLAGS)'}
- LIBS_FOR_BUILD=${LIBS_FOR_BUILD-'$(LIBS)'}
-else
- CC_FOR_BUILD=${CC_FOR_BUILD-"gcc"}
- CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-""}
- LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD-""}
- CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=${CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD="-g"}
- LIBS_FOR_BUILD=${LIBS_FOR_BUILD-""}
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(CFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(CPPFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(LDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(STATIC_LD)
-
-AC_SUBST(CC_FOR_BUILD)
-AC_SUBST(CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)
-AC_SUBST(CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)
-AC_SUBST(LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)
-AC_SUBST(LIBS_FOR_BUILD)
-
-AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL
-
-dnl BEGIN READLINE and HISTORY LIBRARY SECTION
-dnl prepare to allow bash to be linked against an already-installed readline
-
-dnl first test that the readline version is new enough to link bash against
-if test "$opt_readline" = yes && test "$opt_with_installed_readline" != "no"
-then
- # If the user specified --with-installed-readline=PREFIX and PREFIX
- # is not `yes', set ac_cv_rl_prefix to PREFIX
- test $opt_with_installed_readline != "yes" && ac_cv_rl_prefix=$opt_with_installed_readline
-
- RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION
-
- case "$ac_cv_rl_version" in
- 5*|6*|7*|8*|9*) ;;
- *) opt_with_installed_readline=no
- AC_MSG_WARN([installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash])
- AC_MSG_WARN([using private bash version])
- ;;
- esac
-fi
-
-TILDE_LIB=-ltilde
-if test $opt_readline = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(READLINE)
- if test "$opt_with_installed_readline" != "no" ; then
- case "$opt_with_installed_readline" in
- yes) RL_INCLUDE= ;;
- *) case "$RL_INCLUDEDIR" in
- /usr/include) ;;
- *) RL_INCLUDE='-I${RL_INCLUDEDIR}' ;;
- esac
- ;;
- esac
- READLINE_DEP=
- READLINE_LIB=-lreadline
- # section for OS versions that don't allow unresolved symbols
- # to be compiled into dynamic libraries.
- case "$host_os" in
- cygwin*) TILDE_LIB= ;;
- esac
- else
- RL_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- READLINE_DEP='$(READLINE_LIBRARY)'
- # section for OS versions that ship an older/broken version of
- # readline as a standard dynamic library and don't allow a
- # static version specified as -llibname to override the
- # dynamic version
- case "${host_os}" in
- darwin[[89]]*|darwin10*) READLINE_LIB='${READLINE_LIBRARY}' ;;
- *) READLINE_LIB=-lreadline ;;
- esac
- fi
-else
- RL_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- READLINE_LIB= READLINE_DEP=
-fi
-if test $opt_history = yes || test $opt_bang_history = yes; then
- if test $opt_history = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(HISTORY)
- fi
- if test $opt_bang_history = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(BANG_HISTORY)
- fi
- if test "$opt_with_installed_readline" != "no"; then
- HIST_LIBDIR=$RL_LIBDIR
- HISTORY_DEP=
- HISTORY_LIB=-lhistory
- case "$opt_with_installed_readline" in
- yes) RL_INCLUDE= ;;
- *) case "$RL_INCLUDEDIR" in
- /usr/include) ;;
- *) RL_INCLUDE='-I${RL_INCLUDEDIR}' ;;
- esac
- ;;
- esac
- else
- HIST_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- HISTORY_DEP='$(HISTORY_LIBRARY)'
- # section for OS versions that ship an older version of
- # readline as a standard dynamic library and don't allow a
- # static version specified as -llibname to override the
- # dynamic version
- case "${host_os}" in
- darwin[[89]]*|darwin10*) HISTORY_LIB='${HISTORY_LIBRARY}' ;;
- *) HISTORY_LIB=-lhistory ;;
- esac
- fi
-else
- HIST_LIBDIR='$(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/readline'
- HISTORY_LIB= HISTORY_DEP=
-fi
-AC_SUBST(READLINE_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(READLINE_DEP)
-AC_SUBST(RL_LIBDIR)
-AC_SUBST(RL_INCLUDEDIR)
-AC_SUBST(RL_INCLUDE)
-AC_SUBST(HISTORY_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(HISTORY_DEP)
-AC_SUBST(HIST_LIBDIR)
-AC_SUBST(TILDE_LIB)
-
-dnl END READLINE and HISTORY LIBRARY SECTION
-
-dnl programs needed by the build and install process
-AC_PROG_INSTALL
-AC_CHECK_TOOL(AR, ar)
-dnl Set default for ARFLAGS, since autoconf does not have a macro for it.
-dnl This allows people to set it when running configure or make
-test -n "$ARFLAGS" || ARFLAGS="cr"
-AC_PROG_RANLIB
-AC_PROG_YACC
-AC_PROG_MAKE_SET
-
-case "$ac_cv_prog_YACC" in
-*bison*) ;;
-*) AC_MSG_WARN([bison not available; needed to process parse.y]) ;;
-esac
-
-case "$host_os" in
-opennt*|interix*) MAKE_SHELL="$INTERIX_ROOT/bin/sh" ;;
-*) MAKE_SHELL=/bin/sh ;;
-esac
-AC_SUBST(MAKE_SHELL)
-
-dnl this is similar to the expanded AC_PROG_RANLIB
-if test x$SIZE = x; then
- if test x$ac_tool_prefix = x; then
- SIZE=size
- else
- SIZE=${ac_tool_prefix}size
- save_IFS=$IFS ; IFS=:
- size_found=0
- for dir in $PATH; do
- if test -x $dir/$SIZE ; then
- size_found=1
- break
- fi
- done
- if test $size_found -eq 0; then
- SIZE=:
- fi
- IFS=$save_IFS
- fi
-fi
-AC_SUBST(SIZE)
-
-m4_include([m4/stat-time.m4])
-m4_include([m4/timespec.m4])
-
-dnl Turn on any extensions available in the GNU C library.
-AC_DEFINE(_GNU_SOURCE, 1)
-
-dnl C compiler characteristics
-AC_C_CONST
-AC_C_INLINE
-AC_C_BIGENDIAN
-AC_C_STRINGIZE
-AC_C_LONG_DOUBLE
-AC_C_PROTOTYPES
-AC_C_CHAR_UNSIGNED
-AC_C_VOLATILE
-AC_C_RESTRICT
-
-dnl initialize GNU gettext
-AM_GNU_GETTEXT([no-libtool], [need-ngettext], [lib/intl])
-
-dnl header files
-AC_HEADER_DIRENT
-AC_HEADER_TIME
-
-BASH_HEADER_INTTYPES
-
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(unistd.h stdlib.h stdarg.h varargs.h limits.h string.h \
- memory.h locale.h termcap.h termio.h termios.h dlfcn.h \
- stdbool.h stddef.h stdint.h netdb.h pwd.h grp.h strings.h \
- regex.h syslog.h ulimit.h)
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(sys/pte.h sys/stream.h sys/select.h sys/file.h \
- sys/resource.h sys/param.h sys/socket.h sys/stat.h \
- sys/time.h sys/times.h sys/types.h sys/wait.h)
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS(netinet/in.h arpa/inet.h)
-
-dnl sys/ptem.h requires definitions from sys/stream.h on systems where it
-dnl exists
-AC_CHECK_HEADER(sys/ptem.h, , ,[[
-#if HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H
-# include <sys/stream.h>
-#endif
-]])
-
-dnl special checks for libc functions
-AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
-AC_FUNC_GETPGRP
-AC_FUNC_SETVBUF_REVERSED
-AC_FUNC_VPRINTF
-AC_FUNC_STRCOLL
-
-dnl if we're not using the bash malloc but require the C alloca, set things
-dnl up to build a libmalloc.a containing only alloca.o
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_alloca_works" = "no" && test "$opt_bash_malloc" = "no"; then
- MALLOC_TARGET=alloca
- MALLOC_SRC=alloca.c
-
- MALLOC_LIB='-lmalloc'
- MALLOC_LIBRARY='$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)/libmalloc.a'
- MALLOC_LDFLAGS='-L$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)'
- MALLOC_DEP='$(MALLOC_LIBRARY)'
-fi
-
-dnl if vprintf is not in libc, see if it's defined in stdio.h
-if test "$ac_cv_func_vprintf" = no; then
- AC_MSG_CHECKING(for declaration of vprintf in stdio.h)
- AC_EGREP_HEADER([[int[ ]*vprintf[^a-zA-Z0-9]]],stdio.h,ac_cv_func_vprintf=yes)
- AC_MSG_RESULT($ac_cv_func_vprintf)
- if test $ac_cv_func_vprintf = yes; then
- AC_DEFINE(HAVE_VPRINTF)
- fi
-fi
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_vprintf" = no && test "$ac_cv_func__doprnt" = "yes"; then
- AC_LIBOBJ(vprint)
-fi
-
-dnl signal stuff
-AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
-
-dnl checks for certain version-specific system calls and libc functions
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(__setostype, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_SETOSTYPE))
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(wait3, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WAIT3))
-
-dnl checks for missing libc functions
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(mkfifo,AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MKFIFO),AC_DEFINE(MKFIFO_MISSING))
-
-dnl checks for system calls
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dup2 eaccess fcntl getdtablesize getgroups gethostname \
- getpagesize getpeername getrlimit getrusage gettimeofday \
- kill killpg lstat readlink sbrk select setdtablesize \
- setitimer tcgetpgrp uname ulimit waitpid)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(rename)
-
-dnl checks for c library functions
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(bcopy bzero confstr faccessat fnmatch \
- getaddrinfo gethostbyname getservbyname getservent inet_aton \
- imaxdiv memmove pathconf putenv raise regcomp regexec \
- setenv setlinebuf setlocale setvbuf siginterrupt strchr \
- sysconf syslog tcgetattr times ttyname tzset unsetenv)
-
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(vasprintf asprintf)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(isascii isblank isgraph isprint isspace isxdigit)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwent getpwnam getpwuid)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(getcwd memset)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strcasecmp strcasestr strerror strftime strnlen strpbrk strstr)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strtod strtol strtoul strtoll strtoull strtoimax strtoumax)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(dprintf)
-AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strchrnul)
-
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([AUDIT_USER_TTY],,, [[#include <linux/audit.h>]])
-
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([confstr])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([printf])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([sbrk])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([setregid])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([strcpy])
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([strsignal])
-
-dnl Extra test to detect the horribly broken HP/UX 11.00 strtold(3)
-AC_CHECK_DECLS([strtold], [
- AC_MSG_CHECKING([for broken strtold])
- AC_CACHE_VAL(bash_cv_strtold_broken,
- [AC_TRY_COMPILE(
- [#include <stdlib.h>],
- [int main() { long double r; char *foo, bar; r = strtold(foo, &bar);}],
- bash_cv_strtold_broken=no, bash_cv_strtold_broken=yes,
- [AC_MSG_WARN(cannot check for broken strtold if cross-compiling, defaulting to no)])
- ]
- )
- AC_MSG_RESULT($bash_cv_strtold_broken)
- if test "$bash_cv_strtold_broken" = "yes" ; then
- AC_DEFINE(STRTOLD_BROKEN)
- fi
-])
-
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoimax)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtol)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoll)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoul)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoull)
-BASH_CHECK_DECL(strtoumax)
-
-AC_FUNC_MKTIME
-
-dnl
-dnl Checks for lib/intl and related code (uses some of the output from
-dnl AM_GNU_GETTEXT)
-dnl
-
-AC_CHECK_HEADERS([argz.h errno.h fcntl.h malloc.h stdio_ext.h])
-
-dnl AC_FUNC_MALLOC
-AC_FUNC_MMAP
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS([__argz_count __argz_next __argz_stringify dcgettext mempcpy \
- munmap stpcpy strcspn strdup])
-
-INTL_DEP= INTL_INC= LIBINTL_H=
-if test "x$USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL" = "xyes"; then
- INTL_DEP='${INTL_LIBDIR}/libintl.a'
- INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC} -I${INTL_BUILDDIR}'
- LIBINTL_H='${INTL_BUILDDIR}/libintl.h'
-fi
-AC_SUBST(INTL_DEP)
-AC_SUBST(INTL_INC)
-AC_SUBST(LIBINTL_H)
-
-dnl
-dnl End of checks needed by files in lib/intl
-dnl
-
-BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE
-
-dnl checks for the dynamic loading library functions in libc and libdl
-if test "$opt_static_link" != yes; then
-AC_CHECK_LIB(dl, dlopen)
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(dlopen dlclose dlsym)
-fi
-
-dnl this defines HAVE_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST
-AC_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-dnl network functions -- check for inet_aton again
-if test "$ac_cv_func_inet_aton" != 'yes'; then
-BASH_FUNC_INET_ATON
-fi
-
-dnl libraries
-dnl this is reportedly no longer necessary for irix[56].?
-case "$host_os" in
-irix4*) AC_CHECK_LIB(sun, getpwent) ;;
-esac
-
-dnl check for getpeername in the socket library only if it's not in libc
-if test "$ac_cv_func_getpeername" = no; then
- BASH_CHECK_LIB_SOCKET
-fi
-dnl check for gethostbyname in socket libraries if it's not in libc
-if test "$ac_cv_func_gethostbyname" = no; then
- BASH_FUNC_GETHOSTBYNAME
-fi
-
-dnl system types
-AC_TYPE_GETGROUPS
-AC_TYPE_OFF_T
-AC_TYPE_MODE_T
-AC_TYPE_UID_T
-AC_TYPE_PID_T
-AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(ssize_t, int)
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(time_t, long)
-
-BASH_TYPE_LONG_LONG
-BASH_TYPE_UNSIGNED_LONG_LONG
-
-AC_TYPE_SIGNAL
-BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
-
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char, 1)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(short, 2)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(int, 4)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(long, 4)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(char *, 4)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(double, 8)
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF([long long], 8)
-
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(u_int, [unsigned int])
-AC_CHECK_TYPE(u_long, [unsigned long])
-
-BASH_TYPE_BITS16_T
-BASH_TYPE_U_BITS16_T
-BASH_TYPE_BITS32_T
-BASH_TYPE_U_BITS32_T
-BASH_TYPE_BITS64_T
-
-BASH_TYPE_PTRDIFF_T
-
-dnl structures
-AC_HEADER_STAT
-
-dnl system services
-AC_SYS_INTERPRETER
-if test $ac_cv_sys_interpreter = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC)
-fi
-
-dnl Miscellaneous Bash tests
-if test "$ac_cv_func_lstat" = "no"; then
-BASH_FUNC_LSTAT
-fi
-
-dnl behavior of system calls and library functions
-BASH_FUNC_CTYPE_NONASCII
-BASH_FUNC_DUP2_CLOEXEC_CHECK
-BASH_SYS_PGRP_SYNC
-BASH_SYS_SIGNAL_VINTAGE
-
-dnl checking for the presence of certain library symbols
-BASH_SYS_ERRLIST
-BASH_SYS_SIGLIST
-BASH_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-dnl various system types
-BASH_TYPE_SIGHANDLER
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(clock_t, [#include <sys/times.h>], long)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(sigset_t, [#include <signal.h>], int)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(sig_atomic_t, [#include <signal.h>], int)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(quad_t, , long, HAVE_QUAD_T)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(intmax_t, , $bash_cv_type_long_long)
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t, , $bash_cv_type_unsigned_long_long)
-if test "$ac_cv_header_sys_socket_h" = "yes"; then
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE(socklen_t, [#include <sys/socket.h>], [unsigned int], HAVE_SOCKLEN_T)
-fi
-BASH_TYPE_RLIMIT
-
-AC_CHECK_SIZEOF(intmax_t, 8)
-
-dnl presence and contents of structures used by system calls
-BASH_STRUCT_TERMIOS_LDISC
-BASH_STRUCT_TERMIO_LDISC
-BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO
-BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO
-BASH_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN
-BASH_STRUCT_WINSIZE
-BASH_STRUCT_TIMEVAL
-AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blocks])
-AC_STRUCT_TM
-AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-BASH_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-
-BASH_STRUCT_WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET
-
-BASH_CHECK_TYPE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC
-BASH_STAT_TIME
-
-dnl presence and behavior of C library functions
-BASH_FUNC_STRSIGNAL
-BASH_FUNC_OPENDIR_CHECK
-BASH_FUNC_ULIMIT_MAXFDS
-BASH_FUNC_FPURGE
-BASH_FUNC_GETENV
-if test "$ac_cv_func_getcwd" = "yes"; then
-BASH_FUNC_GETCWD
-fi
-BASH_FUNC_POSIX_SETJMP
-BASH_FUNC_STRCOLL
-BASH_FUNC_SNPRINTF
-BASH_FUNC_VSNPRINTF
-
-dnl If putenv or unsetenv is not present, set the right define so the
-dnl prototype and declaration in lib/sh/getenv.c will be standard-conformant
-
-if test "$ac_cv_func_putenv" = "yes"; then
-BASH_FUNC_STD_PUTENV
-else
-AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STD_PUTENV)
-fi
-if test "$ac_cv_func_unsetenv" = "yes"; then
-BASH_FUNC_STD_UNSETENV
-else
-AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STD_UNSETENV)
-fi
-
-BASH_FUNC_PRINTF_A_FORMAT
-
-dnl presence and behavior of OS functions
-BASH_SYS_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS
-BASH_SYS_JOB_CONTROL_MISSING
-BASH_SYS_NAMED_PIPES
-
-dnl presence of certain CPP defines
-AC_HEADER_TIOCGWINSZ
-BASH_HAVE_TIOCSTAT
-BASH_HAVE_FIONREAD
-
-BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED
-
-dnl miscellaneous
-BASH_CHECK_SPEED_T
-BASH_CHECK_GETPW_FUNCS
-BASH_CHECK_RTSIGS
-BASH_CHECK_SYS_SIGLIST
-
-dnl special checks
-case "$host_os" in
-hpux*) BASH_CHECK_KERNEL_RLIMIT ;;
-esac
-
-if test "$opt_readline" = yes; then
-dnl yuck
-case "$host_os" in
-aix*) prefer_curses=yes ;;
-esac
-BASH_CHECK_LIB_TERMCAP
-fi
-AC_SUBST(TERMCAP_LIB)
-AC_SUBST(TERMCAP_DEP)
-
-BASH_CHECK_DEV_FD
-BASH_CHECK_DEV_STDIN
-BASH_SYS_DEFAULT_MAIL_DIR
-
-if test "$bash_cv_job_control_missing" = missing; then
- opt_job_control=no
-fi
-
-if test "$opt_job_control" = yes; then
-AC_DEFINE(JOB_CONTROL)
-JOBS_O=jobs.o
-else
-JOBS_O=nojobs.o
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(JOBS_O)
-
-dnl Defines that we want to propagate to the Makefiles in subdirectories,
-dnl like glob and readline
-
-LOCAL_DEFS=-DSHELL
-
-dnl use this section to possibly define more cpp variables, specify local
-dnl libraries, and specify any additional local cc or ld flags
-dnl
-dnl this should really go away someday
-
-case "${host_os}" in
-sysv4.2*) AC_DEFINE(SVR4_2)
- AC_DEFINE(SVR4) ;;
-sysv4*) AC_DEFINE(SVR4) ;;
-sysv5*) AC_DEFINE(SVR5) ;;
-hpux9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DHPUX9 -DHPUX" ;;
-hpux*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DHPUX ;;
-dgux*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-D_DGUX_SOURCE; LOCAL_LIBS=-ldgc ;;
-isc*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-Disc386 ;;
-rhapsody*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRHAPSODY ;;
-darwin*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMACOSX ;;
-sco3.2v5*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-b elf -DWAITPID_BROKEN -DPATH_MAX=1024" ;;
-sco3.2v4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD -DPATH_MAX=1024" ;;
-sco3.2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DMUST_UNBLOCK_CHLD ;;
-sunos4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSunOS4 ;;
-solaris2.5*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DSunOS5 -DSOLARIS" ;;
-solaris2.8*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-solaris2.9*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-solaris2.10*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-solaris2*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DSOLARIS ;;
-lynxos*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
-linux*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading
- case "`uname -r`" in
- 2.[[456789]]*|3*) AC_DEFINE(PGRP_PIPE) ;;
- esac ;;
-*qnx6*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-Dqnx -Dqnx6" LOCAL_LIBS="-lncurses" ;;
-*qnx*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-Dqnx -F -3s" LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-3s" LOCAL_LIBS="-lunix -lncurses" ;;
-powerux*) LOCAL_LIBS="-lgen" ;;
-cygwin*) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DRECYCLES_PIDS ;;
-opennt*|interix*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DNO_MAIN_ENV_ARG -DBROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO -D_POSIX_SOURCE -D_ALL_SOURCE -DRECYCLES_PIDS" ;;
-*openstep*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-D__APPLE_CC__" ;;
-esac
-
-dnl Stanza for OS/compiler pair-specific flags
-case "${host_os}-${CC}" in
-aix4.2*-*gcc*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-Xlinker -bexpall -Xlinker -brtl" ;;
-aix4.2*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-bexpall -brtl" ;;
-bsdi4*-*gcc*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS="-rdynamic" ;; # allow dynamic loading, like Linux
-esac
-
-dnl FreeBSD-3.x can have either a.out or ELF
-case "${host_os}" in
-freebsd[[3-9]]*)
- if test -x /usr/bin/objformat && test "`/usr/bin/objformat`" = "elf" ; then
- LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic # allow dynamic loading
- fi ;;
-freebsdelf*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic ;; # allow dynamic loading
-dragonfly*) LOCAL_LDFLAGS=-rdynamic ;; # allow dynamic loading
-esac
-
-case "$host_cpu" in
-*cray*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-DCRAY" ;; # shell var so config.h can use it
-esac
-
-case "$host_cpu-$host_os" in
-ibmrt-*bsd4*) LOCAL_CFLAGS="-ma -U__STDC__" ;;
-esac
-
-case "$host_cpu-$host_vendor-$host_os" in
-m88k-motorola-sysv3) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-DWAITPID_BROKEN ;;
-mips-pyramid-sysv4) LOCAL_CFLAGS=-Xa ;;
-esac
-
-#
-# Shared object configuration section. These values are generated by
-# ${srcdir}/support/shobj-conf
-#
-if test "$ac_cv_func_dlopen" = "yes" && test -f ${srcdir}/support/shobj-conf
-then
- AC_MSG_CHECKING(shared object configuration for loadable builtins)
- eval `${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} ${srcdir}/support/shobj-conf -C "${CC}" -c "${host_cpu}" -o "${host_os}" -v "${host_vendor}"`
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_CC)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_CFLAGS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_LD)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_LIBS)
- AC_SUBST(SHOBJ_STATUS)
- AC_MSG_RESULT($SHOBJ_STATUS)
-fi
-
-# try to create a directory tree if the source is elsewhere
-# this should be packaged into a script accessible via ${srcdir}/support
-case "$srcdir" in
-.) ;;
-*) for d in doc tests support lib examples; do # dirs
- test -d $d || mkdir $d
- done
- for ld in readline glob tilde malloc sh termcap; do # libdirs
- test -d lib/$ld || mkdir lib/$ld
- done
- test -d examples/loadables || mkdir examples/loadables # loadable builtins
- test -d examples/loadables/perl || mkdir examples/loadables/perl
- ;;
-esac
-
-BUILD_DIR=`pwd`
-case "$BUILD_DIR" in
-*\ *) BUILD_DIR=`echo "$BUILD_DIR" | sed 's: :\\\\ :g'` ;;
-*) ;;
-esac
-
-if test -z "$localedir"; then
- localedir='${datarootdir}/locale'
-fi
-if test -z "$datarootdir"; then
- datarootdir='${prefix}/share'
-fi
-
-AC_SUBST(PROFILE_FLAGS)
-
-AC_SUBST(incdir)
-AC_SUBST(BUILD_DIR)
-
-# Some versions of autoconf don't substitute these automatically
-AC_SUBST(datarootdir)
-AC_SUBST(localedir)
-
-AC_SUBST(YACC)
-AC_SUBST(AR)
-AC_SUBST(ARFLAGS)
-
-AC_SUBST(BASHVERS)
-AC_SUBST(RELSTATUS)
-AC_SUBST(DEBUG)
-AC_SUBST(MALLOC_DEBUG)
-
-AC_SUBST(host_cpu)
-AC_SUBST(host_vendor)
-AC_SUBST(host_os)
-
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_LIBS)
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_CFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_LDFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(LOCAL_DEFS)
-
-#AC_SUBST(ALLOCA_SOURCE)
-#AC_SUBST(ALLOCA_OBJECT)
-
-AC_OUTPUT([Makefile builtins/Makefile lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \
- lib/intl/Makefile \
- lib/malloc/Makefile lib/sh/Makefile lib/termcap/Makefile \
- lib/tilde/Makefile doc/Makefile support/Makefile po/Makefile.in \
- examples/loadables/Makefile examples/loadables/perl/Makefile],
-[
-# Makefile uses this timestamp file to record whether config.h is up to date.
-echo timestamp > stamp-h
-])
+++ /dev/null
-# This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure
-# tests for CYGWIN32 so they don't need to be done when cross-compiling.
-
-# AC_FUNC_GETPGRP should also define GETPGRP_VOID
-ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=${ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void='yes'}
-# AC_FUNC_SETVBUF_REVERSED should not define anything else
-ac_cv_func_setvbuf_reversed=${ac_cv_func_setvbuf_reversed='no'}
-# on CYGWIN32, system calls do not restart
-ac_cv_sys_restartable_syscalls=${ac_cv_sys_restartable_syscalls='no'}
-bash_cv_sys_restartable_syscalls=${bash_cv_sys_restartable_syscalls='no'}
-
-# these may be necessary, but they are currently commented out
-#ac_cv_c_bigendian=${ac_cv_c_bigendian='no'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_char_p=${ac_cv_sizeof_char_p='4'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_int=${ac_cv_sizeof_int='4'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_long=${ac_cv_sizeof_long='4'}
-ac_cv_sizeof_double=${ac_cv_sizeof_double='8'}
-
-bash_cv_dup2_broken=${bash_cv_dup2_broken='no'}
-bash_cv_pgrp_pipe=${bash_cv_pgrp_pipe='no'}
-bash_cv_type_rlimit=${bash_cv_type_rlimit='long'}
-bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist=${bash_cv_decl_under_sys_siglist='no'}
-bash_cv_under_sys_siglist=${bash_cv_under_sys_siglist='no'}
-bash_cv_sys_siglist=${bash_cv_sys_siglist='no'}
-bash_cv_opendir_not_robust=${bash_cv_opendir_not_robust='no'}
-bash_cv_getenv_redef=${bash_cv_getenv_redef='yes'}
-bash_cv_printf_declared=${bash_cv_printf_declared='yes'}
-bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds=${bash_cv_ulimit_maxfds='no'}
-bash_cv_getcwd_calls_popen=${bash_cv_getcwd_calls_popen='no'}
-bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers=${bash_cv_must_reinstall_sighandlers='no'}
-bash_cv_job_control_missing=${bash_cv_job_control_missing='present'}
-bash_cv_sys_named_pipes=${bash_cv_sys_named_pipes='missing'}
-bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp=${bash_cv_func_sigsetjmp='missing'}
-bash_cv_mail_dir=${bash_cv_mail_dir='unknown'}
-bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken=${bash_cv_func_strcoll_broken='no'}
-
-bash_cv_type_int32_t=${bash_cv_type_int32_t='int'}
-bash_cv_type_u_int32_t=${bash_cv_type_u_int32_t='int'}
-
-ac_cv_type_bits64_t=${ac_cv_type_bits64_t='no'}
-
-# end of cross-build/cygwin32.cache
+++ /dev/null
-This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.24, for Bash version 2.05b.
-
-This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
-Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
-interpreter with advanced features for both interactive use and shell
-programming.
-
-Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection
-of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
-
-Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to
-chet@po.cwru.edu.
-
-This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL
-
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
-
-The Bash home page is http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html
-
-----------
-Contents:
-
-Section A: The Basics
-
-A1) What is it?
-A2) What's the latest version?
-A3) Where can I get it?
-A4) On what machines will bash run?
-A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix?
-A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
-A7) How can I make bash my login shell?
-A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my
- machine. Why not?
-A9) What's the `POSIX 1003.2 standard'?
-A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
-
-Section B: The latest version
-
-B1) What's new in version 2.05b?
-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-2.05b and
- bash-1.14.7?
-
-Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
-
-C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?
-C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?
-C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
-
-Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
-
-D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than
- `which command' says it will?
-D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?
-D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?
-D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?
-D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to
- another, like csh does with `|&'?
-D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to
- ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?
-
-Section E: Why does bash do certain things the way it does?
-
-E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?
-E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?
-E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
- wrap lines at the wrong column?
-E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't
- the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?
-E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters
- in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why
- not, and how can I make it understand them?
-E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z?
-E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles?
-E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'?
-E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning
- with every letter except `z'?
-E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
-E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
- notice the change?
-
-Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
-
-F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
-F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename
- completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?
-F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or
- `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?
-F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?
-F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a
- redirection before a subshell command?
-F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1?
-F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on
- HP/UX 11.x?
-
-Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things?
-
-G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?
-G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
- still invoke the command from within the function?
-G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value
- of another shell variable?
-G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that
- looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time?
-G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt?
-G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"?
-G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase?
-G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match
- all files in the current directory except "." and ".."?
-
-Section H: Where do I go from here?
-
-H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and
- advice?
-H2) What kind of bash documentation is there?
-H3) What's coming in future versions?
-H4) What's on the bash `wish list'?
-H5) When will the next release appear?
-
-----------
-Section A: The Basics
-
-A1) What is it?
-
-Bash is a Unix command interpreter (shell). It is an implementation of
-the Posix 1003.2 shell standard, and resembles the Korn and System V
-shells.
-
-Bash contains a number of enhancements over those shells, both
-for interactive use and shell programming. Features geared
-toward interactive use include command line editing, command
-history, job control, aliases, and prompt expansion. Programming
-features include additional variable expansions, shell
-arithmetic, and a number of variables and options to control
-shell behavior.
-
-Bash was originally written by Brian Fox of the Free Software
-Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey
-of Case Western Reserve University.
-
-A2) What's the latest version?
-
-The latest version is 2.05b, first made available on Wednesday, 17
-July, 2002.
-
-A3) Where can I get it?
-
-Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
-master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
-latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
-The following URLs tell how to get version 2.05b:
-
-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-2.05b.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-2.05b.tar.gz
-
-Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
-
-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-2.05b.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-2.05b.tar.gz
-
-A4) On what machines will bash run?
-
-Bash has been ported to nearly every version of UNIX. All you
-should have to do to build it on a machine for which a port
-exists is to type `configure' and then `make'. The build process
-will attempt to discover the version of UNIX you have and tailor
-itself accordingly, using a script created by GNU autoconf.
-
-More information appears in the file `INSTALL' in the distribution.
-
-The Bash web page (http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html)
-explains how to obtain binary versions of bash for most of the major
-commercial Unix systems.
-
-A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix?
-
-Configuration specifics for Unix-like systems such as QNX and
-LynxOS are included in the distribution. Bash-2.05 and later
-versions should compile and run on Minix 2.0 (patches were
-contributed), but I don't believe anyone has built bash-2.x on
-earlier Minix versions yet.
-
-Bash has been ported to versions of Windows implementing the Win32
-programming interface. This includes Windows 95 and Windows NT.
-The port was done by Cygnus Solutions as part of their CYGWIN
-project. For more information about the project, look at the URLs
-
-http://www.cygwin.com/
-http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin
-
-Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
-early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done a
-port of bash-2.05 to the CYGWIN environment, and it is available as
-part of their current release.
-
-Bash-2.05b should require no local Cygnus changes to build and run under
-CYGWIN.
-
-The Cygnus port works only on Intel machines. There is a port of bash
-(I don't know which version) to the alpha/NT environment available from
-
-ftp://ftp.gnustep.org//pub/win32/bash-alpha-nt-1.01.tar.gz
-
-DJ Delorie has a port of bash-2.x which runs under MS-DOS, as part
-of the DJGPP project. For more information on the project, see
-
-http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/
-
-I have been told that the original DJGPP port was done by Daisuke Aoyama.
-
-Mark Elbrecht <snowball3@bigfoot.com> has sent me notice that bash-2.04
-is available for DJGPP V2. The files are available as:
-
-ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204b.zip binary
-ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204d.zip documentation
-ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source
-
-Mark has begun to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the status.
-
-Ports of bash-1.12 and bash-2.0 are available for OS/2 from
-
-ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/util/shell/bash_112.zip
-ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/util/shell/bash-2.0(253).zip
-
-I haven't looked at either, but the second appears to be a binary-only
-distribution. Beware.
-
-I have received word that Bash (I'm not sure which version, but I
-believe that it's at least bash-2.02.1) is the standard shell on
-BeOS.
-
-A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
-
-Bash configures to use gcc by default if it is available. Read the
-file INSTALL in the distribution for more information.
-
-A7) How can I make bash my login shell?
-
-Some machines let you use `chsh' to change your login shell. Other
-systems use `passwd -s' or `passwd -e'. If one of these works for
-you, that's all you need. Note that many systems require the full
-pathname to a shell to appear in /etc/shells before you can make it
-your login shell. For this, you may need the assistance of your
-friendly local system administrator.
-
-If you cannot do this, you can still use bash as your login shell, but
-you need to perform some tricks. The basic idea is to add a command
-to your login shell's startup file to replace your login shell with
-bash.
-
-For example, if your login shell is csh or tcsh, and you have installed
-bash in /usr/gnu/bin/bash, add the following line to ~/.login:
-
- if ( -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
-
-(the `--login' tells bash that it is a login shell).
-
-It's not a good idea to put this command into ~/.cshrc, because every
-csh you run without the `-f' option, even ones started to run csh scripts,
-reads that file. If you must put the command in ~/.cshrc, use something
-like
-
- if ( $?prompt ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
-
-to ensure that bash is exec'd only when the csh is interactive.
-
-If your login shell is sh or ksh, you have to do two things.
-
-First, create an empty file in your home directory named `.bash_profile'.
-The existence of this file will prevent the exec'd bash from trying to
-read ~/.profile, and re-execing itself over and over again. ~/.bash_profile
-is the first file bash tries to read initialization commands from when
-it is invoked as a login shell.
-
-Next, add a line similar to the above to ~/.profile:
-
- [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && [ -x /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && \
- exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
-
-This will cause login shells to replace themselves with bash running as
-a login shell. Once you have this working, you can copy your initialization
-code from ~/.profile to ~/.bash_profile.
-
-I have received word that the recipe supplied above is insufficient for
-machines running CDE. CDE has a maze of twisty little startup files, all
-slightly different.
-
-If you cannot change your login shell in the password file to bash, you
-will have to (apparently) live with CDE using the shell in the password
-file to run its startup scripts. If you have changed your shell to bash,
-there is code in the CDE startup files (on Solaris, at least) that attempts
-to do the right thing. It is, however, often broken, and may require that
-you use the $BASH_ENV trick described below.
-
-`dtterm' claims to use $SHELL as the default program to start, so if you
-can change $SHELL in the CDE startup files, you should be able to use bash
-in your terminal windows.
-
-Setting DTSOURCEPROFILE in ~/.dtprofile will cause the `Xsession' program
-to read your login shell's startup files. You may be able to use bash for
-the rest of the CDE programs by setting SHELL to bash in ~/.dtprofile as
-well, but I have not tried this.
-
-You can use the above `exec' recipe to start bash when not logging in with
-CDE by testing the value of the DT variable:
-
- if [ -n "$DT" ]; then
- [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
- fi
-
-If CDE starts its shells non-interactively during login, the login shell
-startup files (~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile) will not be sourced at login.
-To get around this problem, append a line similar to the following to your
-~/.dtprofile:
-
- BASH_ENV=${HOME}/.bash_profile ; export BASH_ENV
-
-and add the following line to the beginning of ~/.bash_profile:
-
- unset BASH_ENV
-
-A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my
- machine. Why not?
-
-You must add the full pathname to bash to the file /etc/shells. As
-noted in the answer to the previous question, many systems require
-this before you can make bash your login shell.
-
-Most versions of ftpd use this file to prohibit `special' users
-such as `uucp' and `news' from using FTP.
-
-A9) What's the `POSIX 1003.2 standard'?
-
-POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a
-family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a
-number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for
-standardization, from the basic system services at the system
-call and C library level to applications and tools to system
-administration and management. Each area of standardization is
-assigned to a working group in the 1003 series.
-
-The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard has been developed by IEEE
-Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). It concentrates on the command
-interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from
-the command line or by other programs. An initial version of the
-standard has been approved and published by the IEEE, and work is
-currently underway to update it.
-
-Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior
-defined by POSIX.2. The shell command language has of course
-been standardized, including the basic flow control and program
-execution constructs, I/O redirection and pipelining, argument
-handling, variable expansion, and quoting.
-
-The `special' builtins, which must be implemented as part of the
-shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as
-being part of the shell; examples of these are `eval' and
-`export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX.2 not
-devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must
-be) implemented as builtin commands, such as `read' and `test'.
-POSIX.2 also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive
-behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command
-line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been
-standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to
-objections.
-
-The Open Group has made an older version of its Single Unix
-Specification (version 2), which is very similar to POSIX.2,
-available on the web at
-
-http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/
-
-The Single Unix Specification, version 3, is available on the web at
-
-http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/
-
-A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
-
-Although bash is an implementation of the POSIX.2 shell
-specification, there are areas where the bash default behavior
-differs from that spec. The bash `posix mode' changes the bash
-behavior in these areas so that it obeys the spec more closely.
-
-Posix mode is entered by starting bash with the --posix or
-'-o posix' option or executing `set -o posix' after bash is running.
-
-The specific aspects of bash which change when posix mode is
-active are listed in the file POSIX in the bash distribution.
-They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
-(from which that file is generated).
-
-Section B: The latest version
-
-B1) What's new in version 2.05b?
-
-The raison d'etre for bash-2.05b is to make a second intermediate
-release containing the first of the new features to be available
-in bash-3.0 and get feedback on those features before proceeding.
-The major new feature is multibyte character support in both Bash
-and Readline.
-
-Bash-2.05b contains the following new features (see the manual page for
-complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-2.05b
-distribution):
-
-o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline
-
-o the DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
- [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops
-
-o the shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the machine
- supports (intmax_t)
-
-o there is a new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime(3)
- and inserts the result into the expanded prompt
-
-o there is a new `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word
-
-o when displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
- separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
- the old output would result in syntax errors).
-
-o `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor
-
-o the bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
- new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
- and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better
-
-o the expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
- function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
- script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
- POSIX-2001 requires
-
-
-A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
-
-Bash-2.05a introduced the following new features:
-
-o The `printf' builtin has undergone major work
-
-o There is a new read-only `shopt' option: login_shell, which is set by
- login shells and unset otherwise
-
-o New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expanding to time in 24-hour
- HH:MM format
-
-o New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; goes group name
- completion
-
-o New [+-]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup
-
-o ksh-like `ERR' trap
-
-o `for' loops now allow empty word lists after the `in' reserved word
-
-o new `hard' and `soft' arguments for the `ulimit' builtin
-
-o Readline can be configured to place the user at the same point on the line
- when retrieving commands from the history list
-
-o Readline can be configured to skip `hidden' files (filenames with a leading
- `.' on Unix) when performing completion
-
-Bash-2.05 introduced the following new features:
-
-o This version has once again reverted to using locales and strcoll(3) when
- processing pattern matching bracket expressions, as POSIX requires.
-o Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
- per the new GNU coding standards.
-o The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
- port numbers.
-o `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
- of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
-
- default - perform bash default completion if programmable
- completion produces no matches
- dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
- completion produces no matches
- filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
- so it can do things like append slashes to
- directory names and suppress trailing spaces
-o A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
- in pathname arguments.
-o When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
- way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
- `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX
- mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior.
-
-Bash-2.04 introduced the following new features:
-
-o Programmable word completion with the new `complete' and `compgen' builtins;
- examples are provided in examples/complete/complete-examples
-o `history' has a new `-d' option to delete a history entry
-o `bind' has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell commands
-o The prompt expansion code has new `\j' and `\l' escape sequences
-o The `no_empty_cmd_completion' shell option, if enabled, inhibits
- command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line
-o `help' has a new `-s' option to print a usage synopsis
-o New arithmetic operators: var++, var--, ++var, --var, expr1,expr2 (comma)
-o New ksh93-style arithmetic for command:
- for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
-o `read' has new options: `-t', `-n', `-d', `-s'
-o The redirection code handles several filenames specially: /dev/fd/N,
- /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
-o The redirection code now recognizes /dev/tcp/HOST/PORT and
- /dev/udp/HOST/PORT and tries to open a TCP or UDP socket, respectively,
- to the specified port on the specified host
-o The ${!prefix*} expansion has been implemented
-o A new FUNCNAME variable, which expands to the name of a currently-executing
- function
-o The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly
-o A new shopt `xpg_echo' variable, to control the behavior of echo with
- respect to backslash-escape sequences at runtime
-o The NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define has returned
-
-The version of Readline released with Bash-2.04, Readline-4.1, had several
-new features as well:
-
-o Parentheses matching is always compiled into readline, and controllable
- with the new `blink-matching-paren' variable
-o The history-search-forward and history-search-backward functions now leave
- point at the end of the line when the search string is empty, like
- reverse-search-history, and forward-search-history
-o A new function for applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt()
-o New variables for applications: rl_already_prompted, and rl_gnu_readline_p
-
-
-Bash-2.03 had very few new features, in keeping with the convention
-that odd-numbered releases provide mainly bug fixes. A number of new
-features were added to Readline, mostly at the request of the Cygnus
-folks.
-
-A new shopt option, `restricted_shell', so that startup files can test
- whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode
-Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
- compound array assignments (this is really a bug fix)
-OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 requires
-ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell
-Bash may now be linked against an already-installed Readline library,
- as long as the Readline library is version 4 or newer
-All shells begun with the `--login' option will source the login shell
- startup files, even if the shell is not interactive
-
-There were lots of changes to the version of the Readline library released
-along with Bash-2.03. For a complete list of the changes, read the file
-CHANGES in the Bash-2.03 distribution.
-
-Bash-2.02 contained the following new features:
-
-a new version of malloc (based on the old GNU malloc code in previous
- bash versions) that is more page-oriented, more conservative
- with memory usage, does not `orphan' large blocks when they
- are freed, is usable on 64-bit machines, and has allocation
- checking turned on unconditionally
-POSIX.2-style globbing character classes ([:alpha:], [:alnum:], etc.)
-POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
-POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
-the ksh [[...]] extended conditional command
-the ksh egrep-style extended pattern matching operators
-a new `printf' builtin
-the ksh-like $(<filename) command substitution, which is equivalent to
- $(cat filename)
-new tilde prefixes that expand to directories from the directory stack
-new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation
-case-insensitive globbing (filename expansion)
-menu completion a la tcsh
-`magic-space' history expansion function like tcsh
-the readline inputrc `language' has a new file inclusion directive ($include)
-
-Bash-2.01 contained only a few new features:
-
-new `GROUPS' builtin array variable containing the user's group list
-new bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
- alias-expand-line
-
-Bash-2.0 contained extensive changes and new features from bash-1.14.7.
-Here's a short list:
-
-new `time' reserved word to time pipelines, shell builtins, and
- shell functions
-one-dimensional arrays with a new compound assignment statement,
- appropriate expansion constructs and modifications to some
- of the builtins (read, declare, etc.) to use them
-new quoting syntaxes for ANSI-C string expansion and locale-specific
- string translation
-new expansions to do substring extraction, pattern replacement, and
- indirect variable expansion
-new builtins: `disown' and `shopt'
-new variables: HISTIGNORE, SHELLOPTS, PIPESTATUS, DIRSTACK, GLOBIGNORE,
- MACHTYPE, BASH_VERSINFO
-special handling of many unused or redundant variables removed
- (e.g., $notify, $glob_dot_filenames, $no_exit_on_failed_exec)
-dynamic loading of new builtin commands; many loadable examples provided
-new prompt expansions: \a, \e, \n, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V
-history and aliases available in shell scripts
-new readline variables: enable-keypad, mark-directories, input-meta,
- visible-stats, disable-completion, comment-begin
-new readline commands to manipulate the mark and operate on the region
-new readline emacs mode commands and bindings for ksh-88 compatibility
-updated and extended builtins
-new DEBUG trap
-expanded (and now documented) restricted shell mode
-
-implementation stuff:
-autoconf-based configuration
-nearly all of the bugs reported since version 1.14 have been fixed
-most builtins converted to use builtin `getopt' for consistency
-most builtins use -p option to display output in a reusable form
- (for consistency)
-grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
-lots of code now smaller and faster
-test suite greatly expanded
-
-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-2.05b and
- bash-1.14.7?
-
-There are a few incompatibilities between version 1.14.7 and version 2.05b.
-They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution. That file
-is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
-if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
-
-Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
-
-C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?
-
-This is a non-comprehensive list of features that differentiate bash
-from the SVR4.2 shell. The bash manual page explains these more
-completely.
-
-Things bash has that sh does not:
- long invocation options
- [+-]O invocation option
- -l invocation option
- `!' reserved word to invert pipeline return value
- `time' reserved word to time pipelines and shell builtins
- the `function' reserved word
- the `select' compound command and reserved word
- arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
- new $'...' and $"..." quoting
- the $(...) form of command substitution
- the $(<filename) form of command substitution, equivalent to
- $(cat filename)
- the ${#param} parameter value length operator
- the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator
- the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
- the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
- the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
- expansions to perform substring removal (${p%[%]w}, ${p#[#]w})
- expansion of positional parameters beyond $9 with ${num}
- variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
- TIMEFORMAT, PPID, PWD, OLDPWD, SHLVL, RANDOM, SECONDS,
- LINENO, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, HOSTNAME,
- ENV, PS3, PS4, DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, HISTSIZE, HISTFILE,
- HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, HISTIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE, GROUPS,
- PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC,
- SHELLOPTS, OPTERR, HOSTFILE, TMOUT, FUNCNAME, histchars,
- auto_resume
- DEBUG trap
- ERR trap
- variable arrays with new compound assignment syntax
- redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
- prompt string special char translation and variable expansion
- auto-export of variables in initial environment
- command search finds functions before builtins
- bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
- builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t.
- export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P,
- read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u,
- readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
- set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
- unset -f/-v, ulimit -m/-p/-u,
- type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n,
- test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S
- bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive
- bash restricted shell mode is more extensive
- bash allows functions and variables with the same name
- brace expansion
- tilde expansion
- arithmetic expansion with $((...)) and `let' builtin
- the `[[...]]' extended conditional command
- process substitution
- aliases and alias/unalias builtins
- local variables in functions and `local' builtin
- readline and command-line editing with programmable completion
- command history and history/fc builtins
- csh-like history expansion
- other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin,
- declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help,
- history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt,
- printf
- exported functions
- filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*)
- POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
- POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
- POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
- egrep-like extended pattern matching operators
- case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
- variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command,
- even for builtins and functions
- posix mode
- redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr,
- /dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port
-
-Things sh has that bash does not:
- uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
- includes `stop' builtin (bash can use alias stop='kill -s STOP')
- `newgrp' builtin
- turns on job control if called as `jsh'
- $TIMEOUT (like bash $TMOUT)
- `^' is a synonym for `|'
- new SVR4.2 sh builtins: mldmode, priv
-
-Implementation differences:
- redirection to/from compound commands causes sh to create a subshell
- bash does not allow unbalanced quotes; sh silently inserts them at EOF
- bash does not mess with signal 11
- sh sets (euid, egid) to (uid, gid) if -p not supplied and uid < 100
- bash splits only the results of expansions on IFS, using POSIX.2
- field splitting rules; sh splits all words on IFS
- sh does not allow MAILCHECK to be unset (?)
- sh does not allow traps on SIGALRM or SIGCHLD
- bash allows multiple option arguments when invoked (e.g. -x -v);
- sh allows only a single option argument (`sh -x -v' attempts
- to open a file named `-v', and, on SunOS 4.1.4, dumps core.
- On Solaris 2.4 and earlier versions, sh goes into an infinite
- loop.)
- sh exits a script if any builtin fails; bash exits only if one of
- the POSIX.2 `special' builtins fails
-
-C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?
-
-Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
- long invocation options
- [-+]O invocation option
- -l invocation option
- `!' reserved word
- arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
- arithmetic in largest machine-supported size (intmax_t)
- posix mode and posix conformance
- command hashing
- tilde expansion for assignment statements that look like $PATH
- process substitution with named pipes if /dev/fd is not available
- the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator
- the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
- the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
- the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
- variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
- TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE,
- HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND,
- IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK,
- PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE,
- GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume
- prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution
- redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
- more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion
- builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable,
- exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history,
- jobs -x/-r/-s, kill -s/-n/-l, local, logout, popd, pushd,
- read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s, readonly -a/-n/-f/-p,
- set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/
- -o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
- -h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
- typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -u, umask -S, alias -p, shopt,
- disown, printf, complete, compgen
- `!' csh-style history expansion
- POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
- POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
- POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
- egrep-like extended pattern matching operators
- case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
- `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation
- redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
- arrays of unlimited size
- TMOUT is default timeout for `read' and `select'
-
-Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
- tracked aliases (alias -t)
- variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL
- co-processes (|&, >&p, <&p)
- weirdly-scoped functions
- typeset +f to list all function names without definitions
- text of command history kept in a file, not memory
- builtins: alias -x, cd old new, fc -e -, newgrp, print,
- read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/
- -o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o nolog/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s,
- typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-l/-u/-t, whence
- using environment to pass attributes of exported variables
- arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins
- reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell
-
-Implementation differences:
- ksh runs last command of a pipeline in parent shell context
- bash has brace expansion by default (ksh88 compile-time option)
- bash has fixed startup file for all interactive shells; ksh reads $ENV
- bash has exported functions
- bash command search finds functions before builtins
- bash waits for all commands in pipeline to exit before returning status
- emacs-mode editing has some slightly different key bindings
-
-C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
-
-New things in ksh-93 not in bash-2.05b:
- associative arrays
- floating point arithmetic and variables
- math library functions
- ${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array
- `.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace
- more extensive compound assignment syntax
- discipline functions
- `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
- typeset -n and `nameref' variables
- KEYBD trap
- variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version,
- .sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT
- backreferences in pattern matching (\N)
- `&' operator in pattern lists for matching
- print -f (bash uses printf)
- `fc' has been renamed to `hist'
- `.' can execute shell functions
- exit statuses between 0 and 255
- set -o pipefail
- `+=' variable assignment operator
- FPATH and PATH mixing
- getopts -a
- -I invocation option
- DEBUG trap now executed before each simple command, instead of after
- printf %H, %P, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d
- lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
- no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
-
-New things in ksh-93 present in bash-2.05b:
- [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
- for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
- ?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
- expansions: ${!param}, ${param:offset[:len]}, ${param/pat[/str]},
- ${!param*}
- compound array assignment
- the `!' reserved word
- loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable'
- `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
- new $'...' and $"..." quoting
- FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD
- set -o notify/-C
- changes to kill builtin
- read -A (bash uses read -a)
- read -t/-d
- trap -p
- exec -c/-a
- `.' restores the positional parameters when it completes
- POSIX.2 `test'
- umask -S
- unalias -a
- command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV
- command name completion
- ENV processed only for interactive shells
-
-Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
-
-D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than
- `which command' says it will?
-
-On many systems, `which' is actually a csh script that assumes
-you're running csh. In tcsh, `which' and its cousin `where'
-are builtins. On other Unix systems, `which' is a perl script
-that uses the PATH environment variable.
-
-The csh script version reads the csh startup files from your
-home directory and uses those to determine which `command' will
-be invoked. Since bash doesn't use any of those startup files,
-there's a good chance that your bash environment differs from
-your csh environment. The bash `type' builtin does everything
-`which' does, and will report correct results for the running
-shell. If you're really wedded to the name `which', try adding
-the following function definition to your .bashrc:
-
- which()
- {
- builtin type "$@"
- }
-
-If you're moving from tcsh and would like to bring `where' along
-as well, use this function:
-
- where()
- {
- builtin type -a "$@"
- }
-
-D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?
-
-The only difference between bash and csh brace expansion is that
-bash requires a brace expression to contain at least one unquoted
-comma if it is to be expanded. Any brace-surrounded word not
-containing an unquoted comma is left unchanged by the brace
-expansion code. This affords the greatest degree of sh
-compatibility.
-
-Bash, ksh, zsh, and pd-ksh all implement brace expansion this way.
-
-D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?
-
-Posix has specified a more powerful, albeit somewhat more cryptic,
-mechanism cribbed from ksh, and bash implements it.
-
-${parameter%word}
- Remove smallest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
- a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
- smallest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
-
- x=file.c
- echo ${x%.c}.o
- -->file.o
-
-${parameter%%word}
-
- Remove largest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
- a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
- largest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
-
- x=posix/src/std
- echo ${x%%/*}
- -->posix
-
-${parameter#word}
- Remove smallest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
- a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
- smallest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
-
- x=$HOME/src/cmd
- echo ${x#$HOME}
- -->/src/cmd
-
-${parameter##word}
- Remove largest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
- a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
- largest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
-
- x=/one/two/three
- echo ${x##*/}
- -->three
-
-
-Given
- a=/a/b/c/d
- b=b.xxx
-
- csh bash result
- --- ---- ------
- $a:h ${a%/*} /a/b/c
- $a:t ${a##*/} d
- $b:r ${b%.*} b
- $b:e ${b##*.} xxx
-
-
-D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?
-
-Bash uses a different syntax to support aliases than csh does.
-The details can be found in the documentation. We have provided
-a shell script which does most of the work of conversion for you;
-this script can be found in ./examples/misc/aliasconv.sh. Here is
-how you use it:
-
-Start csh in the normal way for you. (e.g., `csh')
-
-Pipe the output of `alias' through `aliasconv.sh', saving the
-results into `bash_aliases':
-
- alias | bash aliasconv.sh >bash_aliases
-
-Edit `bash_aliases', carefully reading through any created
-functions. You will need to change the names of some csh specific
-variables to the bash equivalents. The script converts $cwd to
-$PWD, $term to $TERM, $home to $HOME, $user to $USER, and $prompt
-to $PS1. You may also have to add quotes to avoid unwanted
-expansion.
-
-For example, the csh alias:
-
- alias cd 'cd \!*; echo $cwd'
-
-is converted to the bash function:
-
- cd () { command cd "$@"; echo $PWD ; }
-
-The only thing that needs to be done is to quote $PWD:
-
- cd () { command cd "$@"; echo "$PWD" ; }
-
-Merge the edited file into your ~/.bashrc.
-
-There is an additional, more ambitious, script in
-examples/misc/cshtobash that attempts to convert your entire csh
-environment to its bash equivalent. This script can be run as
-simply `cshtobash' to convert your normal interactive
-environment, or as `cshtobash ~/.login' to convert your login
-environment.
-
-D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to
- another, like csh does with `|&'?
-
-Use
- command 2>&1 | command2
-
-The key is to remember that piping is performed before redirection, so
-file descriptor 1 points to the pipe when it is duplicated onto file
-descriptor 2.
-
-D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to
- ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?
-
-There are features in ksh-88 and ksh-93 that do not have direct bash
-equivalents. Most, however, can be emulated with very little trouble.
-
-ksh-88 feature Bash equivalent
--------------- ---------------
-compiled-in aliases set up aliases in .bashrc; some ksh aliases are
- bash builtins (hash, history, type)
-coprocesses named pipe pairs (one for read, one for write)
-typeset +f declare -F
-cd, print, whence function substitutes in examples/functions/kshenv
-autoloaded functions examples/functions/autoload is the same as typeset -fu
-read var?prompt read -p prompt var
-
-ksh-93 feature Bash equivalent
--------------- ---------------
-sleep, getconf Bash has loadable versions in examples/loadables
-${.sh.version} $BASH_VERSION
-print -f printf
-hist alias hist=fc
-$HISTEDIT $FCEDIT
-
-Section E: How can I get bash to do certain things, and why does bash do
- things the way it does?
-
-E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?
-
-The specific example used here is [ ! x -o x ], which is false.
-
-Bash's builtin `test' implements the Posix.2 spec, which can be
-summarized as follows (the wording is due to David Korn):
-
-Here is the set of rules for processing test arguments.
-
- 0 Args: False
- 1 Arg: True iff argument is not null.
- 2 Args: If first arg is !, True iff second argument is null.
- If first argument is unary, then true if unary test is true
- Otherwise error.
- 3 Args: If second argument is a binary operator, do binary test of $1 $3
- If first argument is !, negate two argument test of $2 $3
- If first argument is `(' and third argument is `)', do the
- one-argument test of the second argument.
- Otherwise error.
- 4 Args: If first argument is !, negate three argument test of $2 $3 $4.
- Otherwise unspecified
- 5 or more Args: unspecified. (Historical shells would use their
- current algorithm).
-
-The operators -a and -o are considered binary operators for the purpose
-of the 3 Arg case.
-
-As you can see, the test becomes (not (x or x)), which is false.
-
-E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?
-
-If a sequence of commands appears in a pipeline, and one of the
-reading commands finishes before the writer has finished, the
-writer receives a SIGPIPE signal. Many other shells special-case
-SIGPIPE as an exit status in the pipeline and do not report it.
-For example, in:
-
- ps -aux | head
-
-`head' can finish before `ps' writes all of its output, and ps
-will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash
-will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a
-SIGPIPE.
-
-You can build a version of bash that will not report SIGPIPE errors
-by uncommenting the definition of DONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE in the file
-config-top.h.
-
-E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
- wrap lines at the wrong column?
-
-Readline, the line editing library that bash uses, does not know
-that the terminal escape sequences do not take up space on the
-screen. The redisplay code assumes, unless told otherwise, that
-each character in the prompt is a `printable' character that
-takes up one character position on the screen.
-
-You can use the bash prompt expansion facility (see the PROMPTING
-section in the manual page) to tell readline that sequences of
-characters in the prompt strings take up no screen space.
-
-Use the \[ escape to begin a sequence of non-printing characters,
-and the \] escape to signal the end of such a sequence.
-
-E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't
- the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?
-
-This has to do with the parent-child relationship between Unix
-processes. It affects all commands run in pipelines, not just
-simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output
-into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in
-the same behavior.
-
-Each element of a pipeline runs in a separate process, a child of
-the shell running the pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its
-parent's environment. When the `read' command sets the variable
-to the input, that variable is set only in the subshell, not the
-parent shell. When the subshell exits, the value of the variable
-is lost.
-
-Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted
-into command substitutions, which will capture the output of
-a specified command. The output can then be assigned to a
-variable:
-
- grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l | read ngroup
-
-can be converted into
-
- ngroup=$(grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l)
-
-This does not, unfortunately, work to split the text among
-multiple variables, as read does when given multiple variable
-arguments. If you need to do this, you can either use the
-command substitution above to read the output into a variable
-and chop up the variable using the bash pattern removal
-expansion operators or use some variant of the following
-approach.
-
-Say /usr/local/bin/ipaddr is the following shell script:
-
-#! /bin/sh
-host `hostname` | awk '/address/ {print $NF}'
-
-Instead of using
-
- /usr/local/bin/ipaddr | read A B C D
-
-to break the local machine's IP address into separate octets, use
-
- OIFS="$IFS"
- IFS=.
- set -- $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)
- IFS="$OIFS"
- A="$1" B="$2" C="$3" D="$4"
-
-Beware, however, that this will change the shell's positional
-parameters. If you need them, you should save them before doing
-this.
-
-This is the general approach -- in most cases you will not need to
-set $IFS to a different value.
-
-Some other user-supplied alternatives include:
-
-read A B C D << HERE
- $(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr))
-HERE
-
-and, where process substitution is available,
-
-read A B C D < <(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr))
-
-E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters
- in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why
- not, and how can I make it understand them?
-
-This is the behavior of echo on most Unix System V machines.
-
-The bash builtin `echo' is modeled after the 9th Edition
-Research Unix version of `echo'. It does not interpret
-backslash-escaped characters in its argument strings by default;
-it requires the use of the -e option to enable the
-interpretation. The System V echo provides no way to disable the
-special characters; the bash echo has a -E option to disable
-them.
-
-There is a configuration option that will make bash behave like
-the System V echo and interpret things like `\t' by default. Run
-configure with the --enable-xpg-echo-default option to turn this
-on. Be aware that this will cause some of the tests run when you
-type `make tests' to fail.
-
-There is a shell option, `xpg_echo', settable with `shopt', that will
-change the behavior of echo at runtime. Enabling this option turns
-on expansion of backslash-escape sequences.
-
-E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z?
-
-This is a consequence of how job control works on Unix. The only
-thing that can be suspended is the process group. This is a single
-command or pipeline of commands that the shell forks and executes.
-
-When you run a while or for loop, the only thing that the shell forks
-and executes are any commands in the while loop test and commands in
-the loop bodies. These, therefore, are the only things that can be
-suspended when you type ^Z.
-
-If you want to be able to stop the entire loop, you need to put it
-within parentheses, which will force the loop into a subshell that
-may be stopped (and subsequently restarted) as a single unit.
-
-E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles?
-
-It's fairly common to see constructs like this in automatically-generated
-Makefiles:
-
-SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@
-
- ...
-
-subdirs-clean:
- for d in ${SUBDIRS}; do \
- ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \
- done
-
-When SUBDIRS is empty, this results in a command like this being passed to
-bash:
-
- for d in ; do
- ( cd $d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean )
- done
-
-In versions of bash before bash-2.05a, this was a syntax error. If the
-reserved word `in' was present, a word must follow it before the semicolon
-or newline. The language in the manual page referring to the list of words
-being empty referred to the list after it is expanded. These versions of
-bash required that there be at least one word following the `in' when the
-construct was parsed.
-
-The idiomatic Makefile solution is something like:
-
-SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@
-
-subdirs-clean:
- subdirs=$SUBDIRS ; for d in $$subdirs; do \
- ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \
- done
-
-The latest drafts of the updated POSIX standard have changed this: the
-word list is no longer required. Bash versions 2.05a and later accept
-the new syntax.
-
-E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'?
-
-The bash arithmetic evaluation code (used for `let', $(()), (()), and in
-other places), interprets a leading `0' in numeric constants as denoting
-an octal number, and a leading `0x' as denoting hexadecimal. This is
-in accordance with the POSIX.2 spec, section 2.9.2.1, which states that
-arithmetic constants should be handled as signed long integers as defined
-by the ANSI/ISO C standard.
-
-The POSIX.2 interpretation committee has confirmed this:
-
-http://www.pasc.org/interps/unofficial/db/p1003.2/pasc-1003.2-173.html
-
-E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning
- with every letter except `z'?
-
-Bash-2.03, Bash-2.05 and later versions honor the current locale setting
-when processing ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions ([A-Z]).
-This is what POSIX.2 and SUSv3/XPG6 specify.
-
-The behavior of the matcher in bash-2.05 and later versions depends on the
-current LC_COLLATE setting. Setting this variable to `C' or `POSIX' will
-result in the traditional behavior ([A-Z] matches all uppercase ASCII
-characters). Many other locales, including the en_US locale (the default
-on many US versions of Linux) collate the upper and lower case letters like
-this:
-
- AaBb...Zz
-
-which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `z'. Others collate like
-
- aAbBcC...zZ
-
-which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `a'.
-
-The portable way to specify upper case letters is [:upper:] instead of
-A-Z; lower case may be specified as [:lower:] instead of a-z.
-
-Look at the manual pages for setlocale(3), strcoll(3), and, if it is
-present, locale(1). If you have locale(1), you can use it to find
-your current locale information even if you do not have any of the
-LC_ variables set.
-
-My advice is to put
-
- export LC_COLLATE=C
-
-into /etc/profile and inspect any shell scripts run from cron for
-constructs like [A-Z]. This will prevent things like
-
- rm [A-Z]*
-
-from removing every file in the current directory except those beginning
-with `z' and still allow individual users to change the collation order.
-Users may put the above command into their own profiles as well, of course.
-
-E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
-
-POSIX.2, in its description of `cd', says that *three* or more leading
-slashes may be replaced with a single slash when canonicalizing the
-current working directory.
-
-This is, I presume, for historical compatibility. Certain versions of
-Unix, and early network file systems, used paths of the form
-//hostname/path to access `path' on server `hostname'.
-
-E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
- notice the change?
-
-This is another issue that deals with job control.
-
-The kernel maintains a notion of a current terminal process group. Members
-of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the
-current terminal process group ID) receive terminal-generated signals like
-SIGWINCH. (For more details, see the JOB CONTROL section of the bash
-man page.)
-
-If a terminal is resized, the kernel sends SIGWINCH to each member of
-the terminal's current process group (the `foreground' process group).
-
-When bash is running with job control enabled, each pipeline (which may be
-a single command) is run in its own process group, different from bash's
-process group. This foreground process group receives the SIGWINCH; bash
-does not. Bash has no way of knowing that the terminal has been resized.
-
-There is a `checkwinsize' option, settable with the `shopt' builtin, that
-will cause bash to check the window size and adjust its idea of the
-terminal's dimensions each time a process stops or exits and returns control
-of the terminal to bash. Enable it with `shopt -s checkwinsize'.
-
-Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
-
-F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
-
-The problem is `cmdtool' and bash fighting over the input. When
-scrolling is enabled in a cmdtool window, cmdtool puts the tty in
-`raw mode' to permit command-line editing using the mouse for
-applications that cannot do it themselves. As a result, bash and
-cmdtool each try to read keyboard input immediately, with neither
-getting enough of it to be useful.
-
-This mode also causes cmdtool to not implement many of the
-terminal functions and control sequences appearing in the
-`sun-cmd' termcap entry. For a more complete explanation, see
-that file examples/suncmd.termcap in the bash distribution.
-
-`xterm' is a better choice, and gets along with bash much more
-smoothly.
-
-If you must use cmdtool, you can use the termcap description in
-examples/suncmd.termcap. Set the TERMCAP variable to the terminal
-description contained in that file, i.e.
-
-TERMCAP='Mu|sun-cmd:am:bs:km:pt:li#34:co#80:cl=^L:ce=\E[K:cd=\E[J:rs=\E[s:'
-
-Then export TERMCAP and start a new cmdtool window from that shell.
-The bash command-line editing should behave better in the new
-cmdtool. If this works, you can put the assignment to TERMCAP
-in your bashrc file.
-
-F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename
- completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?
-
-This is the consequence of building bash on SunOS 5 and linking
-with the libraries in /usr/ucblib, but using the definitions
-and structures from files in /usr/include.
-
-The actual conflict is between the dirent structure in
-/usr/include/dirent.h and the struct returned by the version of
-`readdir' in libucb.a (a 4.3-BSD style `struct direct').
-
-Make sure you've got /usr/ccs/bin ahead of /usr/ucb in your $PATH
-when configuring and building bash. This will ensure that you
-use /usr/ccs/bin/cc or acc instead of /usr/ucb/cc and that you
-link with libc before libucb.
-
-If you have installed the Sun C compiler, you may also need to
-put /usr/ccs/bin and /opt/SUNWspro/bin into your $PATH before
-/usr/ucb.
-
-F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or
- `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?
-
-This is a famous and long-standing bug in the SunOS YP (sorry, NIS)
-client library, which is part of libc.
-
-The YP library code keeps static state -- a pointer into the data
-returned from the server. When YP initializes itself (setpwent),
-it looks at this pointer and calls free on it if it's non-null.
-So far, so good.
-
-If one of the YP functions is interrupted during getpwent (the
-exact function is interpretwithsave()), and returns NULL, the
-pointer is freed without being reset to NULL, and the function
-returns. The next time getpwent is called, it sees that this
-pointer is non-null, calls free, and the bash free() blows up
-because it's being asked to free freed memory.
-
-The traditional Unix mallocs allow memory to be freed multiple
-times; that's probably why this has never been fixed. You can
-run configure with the `--without-gnu-malloc' option to use
-the C library malloc and avoid the problem.
-
-F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?
-
-The `@' character is the default `line kill' character in most
-versions of System V, including SVR4.2. You can change this
-character to whatever you want using `stty'. For example, to
-change the line kill character to control-u, type
-
- stty kill ^U
-
-where the `^' and `U' can be two separate characters.
-
-F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a
- redirection before a subshell command?
-
-The actual command in question is something like
-
- < file ( command )
-
-According to the grammar given in the POSIX.2 standard, this construct
-is, in fact, a syntax error. Redirections may only precede `simple
-commands'. A subshell construct such as the above is one of the shell's
-`compound commands'. A redirection may only follow a compound command.
-
-This affects the mechanical transformation of commands that use `cat'
-to pipe a file into a command (a favorite Useless-Use-Of-Cat topic on
-comp.unix.shell). While most commands of the form
-
- cat file | command
-
-can be converted to `< file command', shell control structures such as
-loops and subshells require `command < file'.
-
-The file CWRU/sh-redir-hack in the bash-2.05a distribution is an
-(unofficial) patch to parse.y that will modify the grammar to
-support this construct. It will not apply with `patch'; you must
-modify parse.y by hand. Note that if you apply this, you must
-recompile with -DREDIRECTION_HACK. This introduces a large
-number of reduce/reduce conflicts into the shell grammar.
-
-F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1?
-
-The short answer is that Red Hat screwed up.
-
-The long answer is that they shipped an /etc/inputrc that only works
-for emacs mode editing, and then screwed all the vi users by setting
-INPUTRC to /etc/inputrc in /etc/profile.
-
-The short fix is to do one of the following: remove or rename
-/etc/inputrc, set INPUTRC=~/.inputrc in ~/.bashrc (or .bash_profile,
-but make sure you export it if you do), remove the assignment to
-INPUTRC from /etc/profile, add
-
- set keymap emacs
-
-to the beginning of /etc/inputrc, or bracket the key bindings in
-/etc/inputrc with these lines
-
- $if mode=emacs
- [...]
- $endif
-
-F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on
- HP/UX 11.x?
-
-HP/UX's support for long double is imperfect at best.
-
-GCC will support it without problems, but the HP C library functions
-like strtold(3) and printf(3) don't actually work with long doubles.
-HP implemented a `long_double' type as a 4-element array of 32-bit
-ints, and that is what the library functions use. The ANSI C
-`long double' type is a 128-bit floating point scalar.
-
-The easiest fix, until HP fixes things up, is to edit the generated
-config.h and #undef the HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE line. After doing that,
-the compilation should complete successfully.
-
-Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things?
-
-G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?
-
-This is a process requiring several steps.
-
-First, you must ensure that the `physical' data path is a full eight
-bits. For xterms, for example, the `vt100' resources `eightBitInput'
-and `eightBitOutput' should be set to `true'.
-
-Once you have set up an eight-bit path, you must tell the kernel and
-tty driver to leave the eighth bit of characters alone when processing
-keyboard input. Use `stty' to do this:
-
- stty cs8 -istrip -parenb
-
-For old BSD-style systems, you can use
-
- stty pass8
-
-You may also need
-
- stty even odd
-
-Finally, you need to tell readline that you will be inputting and
-displaying eight-bit characters. You use readline variables to do
-this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash
-`bind' builtin. Here's an example using `bind':
-
- bash$ bind 'set convert-meta off'
- bash$ bind 'set meta-flag on'
- bash$ bind 'set output-meta on'
-
-The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed
-in ~/.inputrc.
-
-G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
- still invoke the command from within the function?
-
-This is why the `command' and `builtin' builtins exist. The
-`command' builtin executes the command supplied as its first
-argument, skipping over any function defined with that name. The
-`builtin' builtin executes the builtin command given as its first
-argument directly.
-
-For example, to write a function to replace `cd' that writes the
-hostname and current directory to an xterm title bar, use
-something like the following:
-
- cd()
- {
- builtin cd "$@" && xtitle "$HOST: $PWD"
- }
-
-This could also be written using `command' instead of `builtin';
-the version above is marginally more efficient.
-
-G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value
- of another shell variable?
-
-Versions of Bash newer than Bash-2.0 support this directly. You can use
-
- ${!var}
-
-For example, the following sequence of commands will echo `z':
-
- var1=var2
- var2=z
- echo ${!var1}
-
-For sh compatibility, use the `eval' builtin. The important
-thing to remember is that `eval' expands the arguments you give
-it again, so you need to quote the parts of the arguments that
-you want `eval' to act on.
-
-For example, this expression prints the value of the last positional
-parameter:
-
- eval echo \"\$\{$#\}\"
-
-The expansion of the quoted portions of this expression will be
-deferred until `eval' runs, while the `$#' will be expanded
-before `eval' is executed. In versions of bash later than bash-2.0,
-
- echo ${!#}
-
-does the same thing.
-
-This is not the same thing as ksh93 `nameref' variables, though the syntax
-is similar. I may add namerefs in a future bash version.
-
-G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that
- looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time?
-
-The bash command timing code looks for a variable `TIMEFORMAT' and
-uses its value as a format string to decide how to display the
-timing statistics.
-
-The value of TIMEFORMAT is a string with `%' escapes expanded in a
-fashion similar in spirit to printf(3). The manual page explains
-the meanings of the escape sequences in the format string.
-
-If TIMEFORMAT is not set, bash acts as if the following assignment had
-been performed:
-
- TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'
-
-The POSIX.2 default time format (used by `time -p command') is
-
- TIMEFORMAT=$'real %2R\nuser %2U\nsys %2S'
-
-The BSD /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with:
-
- TIMEFORMAT=$'\t%1R real\t%1U user\t%1S sys'
-
-The System V /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with:
-
- TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%1R\nuser\t%1U\nsys\t%1S'
-
-The ksh format can be emulated with:
-
- TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%2lR\nuser\t%2lU\nsys\t%2lS'
-
-G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt?
-
-Bash provides a number of backslash-escape sequences which are expanded
-when the prompt string (PS1 or PS2) is displayed. The full list is in
-the manual page.
-
-The \w expansion gives the full pathname of the current directory, with
-a tilde (`~') substituted for the current value of $HOME. The \W
-expansion gives the basename of the current directory. To put the full
-pathname of the current directory into the path without any tilde
-subsitution, use $PWD. Here are some examples:
-
- PS1='\w$ ' # current directory with tilde
- PS1='\W$ ' # basename of current directory
- PS1='$PWD$ ' # full pathname of current directory
-
-The single quotes are important in the final example to prevent $PWD from
-being expanded when the assignment to PS1 is performed.
-
-G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"?
-
-Use the pattern removal functionality described in D3. The following `for'
-loop will do the trick:
-
- for f in *.foo; do
- mv $f ${f%foo}bar
- done
-
-G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase?
-
-The script examples/functions/lowercase, originally written by John DuBois,
-will do the trick. The converse is left as an exercise.
-
-G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match
- all files in the current directory except "." and ".."?
-
-You must have set the `extglob' shell option using `shopt -s extglob' to use
-this:
-
- echo .!(.|) *
-
-A solution that works without extended globbing is given in the Unix Shell
-FAQ, posted periodically to comp.unix.shell.
-
-Section H: Where do I go from here?
-
-H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and
- advice?
-
-Use the `bashbug' script to report bugs. It is built and
-installed at the same time as bash. It provides a standard
-template for reporting a problem and automatically includes
-information about your configuration and build environment.
-
-`bashbug' sends its reports to bug-bash@gnu.org, which
-is a large mailing list gatewayed to the usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug.
-
-Bug fixes, answers to questions, and announcements of new releases
-are all posted to gnu.bash.bug. Discussions concerning bash features
-and problems also take place there.
-
-To reach the bash maintainers directly, send mail to
-bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
-
-H2) What kind of bash documentation is there?
-
-First, look in the doc directory in the bash distribution. It should
-contain at least the following files:
-
-bash.1 an extensive, thorough Unix-style manual page
-builtins.1 a manual page covering just bash builtin commands
-bashref.texi a reference manual in GNU tex`info format
-bashref.info an info version of the reference manual
-FAQ this file
-article.ms text of an article written for The Linux Journal
-readline.3 a man page describing readline
-
-Postscript, HTML, and ASCII files created from the above source are
-available in the documentation distribution.
-
-There is additional documentation available for anonymous FTP from host
-ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory.
-
-Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published
-by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn
-Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number
-is 1-56592-147-X. Look for it in fine bookstores near you. This book
-covers bash-1.14, but has an appendix describing some of the new features
-in bash-2.0.
-
-A second edition of this book is available, published in January, 1998.
-The ISBN number is 1-56592-347-2. Look for it in the same fine bookstores
-or on the web.
-
-The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
-Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Feb 2003). It covers
-bash-2.0 and is available from most online bookstores (see
-http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
-will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
-
-H3) What's coming in future versions?
-
-These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
-
-a better bash debugger (a minimally-tested version is included with bash-2.05b)
-associative arrays
-co-processes, but with a new-style syntax that looks like function declaration
-
-H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions?
-
-These are features that may or may not appear in a future version of bash.
-
-breaking some of the shell functionality into embeddable libraries
-a module system like zsh's, using dynamic loading like builtins
-better internationalization using GNU `gettext'
-date-stamped command history
-a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins
-a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and
- variables (contributions gratefully accepted)
-ksh93-like `nameref' variables
-ksh93-like `+=' variable assignment operator
-ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and
- associated disipline functions
-Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
-
-H5) When will the next release appear?
-
-The next version will appear sometime in 2002. Never make predictions.
-
-
-This document is Copyright 1995-2003 by Chester Ramey.
-
-Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
-without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
-this document for any purpose, provided that the above copyright
-notice appears in all copies of this document and that the
-contents of this document remain unaltered.
+++ /dev/null
-.\"
-.\" MAN PAGE COMMENTS to
-.\"
-.\" Chet Ramey
-.\" Case Western Reserve University
-.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
-.\"
-.\" Last Change: Thu Jun 27 10:36:53 EDT 2013
-.\"
-.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
-.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
-.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2013 June 27" "GNU Bash 4.3"
-.\"
-.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
-.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
-.\" It has to do with `@' appearing in the }1 macro.
-.\" This is a problem on 4.3 BSD and Ultrix, but Sun
-.\" appears to have fixed it.
-.\" If you're seeing the characters
-.\" `@u-3p' appearing before the lines reading
-.\" `possible-hostname-completions
-.\" and `complete-hostname' down in READLINE,
-.\" then uncomment this redefinition.
-.\"
-.de }1
-.ds ]X \&\\*(]B\\
-.nr )E 0
-.if !"\\$1"" .nr )I \\$1n
-.}f
-.ll \\n(LLu
-.in \\n()Ru+\\n(INu+\\n()Iu
-.ti \\n(INu
-.ie !\\n()Iu+\\n()Ru-\w\a\\*(]X\au-3p \{\\*(]X
-.br\}
-.el \\*(]X\h\a|\\n()Iu+\\n()Ru\a\c
-.}f
-..
-.\"
-.\" File Name macro. This used to be `.PN', for Path Name,
-.\" but Sun doesn't seem to like that very much.
-.\"
-.de FN
-\fI\|\\$1\|\fP
-..
-.SH NAME
-bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B bash
-[options]
-[command_string | file]
-.SH COPYRIGHT
-.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2013 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2013 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B Bash
-is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that
-executes commands read from the standard input or from a file.
-.B Bash
-also incorporates useful features from the \fIKorn\fP and \fIC\fP
-shells (\fBksh\fP and \fBcsh\fP).
-.PP
-.B Bash
-is intended to be a conformant implementation of the
-Shell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX specification
-(IEEE Standard 1003.1).
-.B Bash
-can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default.
-.SH OPTIONS
-All of the single-character shell options documented in the
-description of the \fBset\fR builtin command can be used as options
-when the shell is invoked.
-In addition, \fBbash\fR
-interprets the following options when it is invoked:
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP 10
-.B \-c
-If the
-.B \-c
-option is present, then commands are read from the first non-option argument
-.IR command_string .
-If there are arguments after the
-.IR command_string ,
-they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with
-.BR $0 .
-.TP
-.B \-i
-If the
-.B \-i
-option is present, the shell is
-.IR interactive .
-.TP
-.B \-l
-Make
-.B bash
-act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see
-.SM
-.B INVOCATION
-below).
-.TP
-.B \-r
-If the
-.B \-r
-option is present, the shell becomes
-.I restricted
-(see
-.SM
-.B "RESTRICTED SHELL"
-below).
-.TP
-.B \-s
-If the
-.B \-s
-option is present, or if no arguments remain after option
-processing, then commands are read from the standard input.
-This option allows the positional parameters to be set
-when invoking an interactive shell.
-.TP
-.B \-D
-A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by \fB$\fP
-is printed on the standard output.
-These are the strings that
-are subject to language translation when the current locale
-is not \fBC\fP or \fBPOSIX\fP.
-This implies the \fB\-n\fP option; no commands will be executed.
-.TP
-.B [\-+]O [\fIshopt_option\fP]
-\fIshopt_option\fP is one of the shell options accepted by the
-\fBshopt\fP builtin (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-If \fIshopt_option\fP is present, \fB\-O\fP sets the value of that option;
-\fB+O\fP unsets it.
-If \fIshopt_option\fP is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
-options accepted by \fBshopt\fP are printed on the standard output.
-If the invocation option is \fB+O\fP, the output is displayed in a format
-that may be reused as input.
-.TP
-.B \-\-
-A
-.B \-\-
-signals the end of options and disables further option processing.
-Any arguments after the
-.B \-\-
-are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of
-.B \-
-is equivalent to \fB\-\-\fP.
-.PD
-.PP
-.B Bash
-also interprets a number of multi-character options.
-These options must appear on the command line before the
-single-character options to be recognized.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-\-debugger
-Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
-starts.
-Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the
-.B extdebug
-option to the
-.B shopt
-builtin below).
-.TP
-.B \-\-dump\-po\-strings
-Equivalent to \fB\-D\fP, but the output is in the GNU \fIgettext\fP
-\fBpo\fP (portable object) file format.
-.TP
-.B \-\-dump\-strings
-Equivalent to \fB\-D\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-\-help
-Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-init\-file\fP \fIfile\fP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fB\-\-rcfile\fP \fIfile\fP
-.PD
-Execute commands from
-.I file
-instead of the standard personal initialization file
-.I ~/.bashrc
-if the shell is interactive (see
-.SM
-.B INVOCATION
-below).
-.TP
-.B \-\-login
-Equivalent to \fB\-l\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-\-noediting
-Do not use the GNU
-.B readline
-library to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
-.TP
-.B \-\-noprofile
-Do not read either the system-wide startup file
-.FN /etc/profile
-or any of the personal initialization files
-.IR ~/.bash_profile ,
-.IR ~/.bash_login ,
-or
-.IR ~/.profile .
-By default,
-.B bash
-reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see
-.SM
-.B INVOCATION
-below).
-.TP
-.B \-\-norc
-Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
-.I ~/.bashrc
-if the shell is interactive.
-This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as
-.BR sh .
-.TP
-.B \-\-posix
-Change the behavior of \fBbash\fP where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
-See
-.SM
-.B "SEE ALSO"
-below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
-bash's behavior.
-.TP
-.B \-\-restricted
-The shell becomes restricted (see
-.SM
-.B "RESTRICTED SHELL"
-below).
-.TP
-.B \-\-verbose
-Equivalent to \fB\-v\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-\-version
-Show version information for this instance of
-.B bash
-on the standard output and exit successfully.
-.PD
-.SH ARGUMENTS
-If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
-.B \-c
-nor the
-.B \-s
-option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands.
-If
-.B bash
-is invoked in this fashion,
-.B $0
-is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
-are set to the remaining arguments.
-.B Bash
-reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
-\fBBash\fP's exit status is the exit status of the last command
-executed in the script.
-If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
-An attempt is first made to open the file in the current directory, and,
-if no file is found, then the shell searches the directories in
-.SM
-.B PATH
-for the script.
-.SH INVOCATION
-A \fIlogin shell\fP is one whose first character of argument zero is a
-.BR \- ,
-or one started with the
-.B \-\-login
-option.
-.PP
-An \fIinteractive\fP shell is one started without non-option arguments
-and without the
-.B \-c
-option
-whose standard input and error are
-both connected to terminals (as determined by
-.IR isatty (3)),
-or one started with the
-.B \-i
-option.
-.SM
-.B PS1
-is set and
-.B $\-
-includes
-.B i
-if
-.B bash
-is interactive,
-allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state.
-.PP
-The following paragraphs describe how
-.B bash
-executes its startup files.
-If any of the files exist but cannot be read,
-.B bash
-reports an error.
-Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under
-.B "Tilde Expansion"
-in the
-.SM
-.B EXPANSION
-section.
-.PP
-When
-.B bash
-is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell
-with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first reads and
-executes commands from the file \fI/etc/profile\fP, if that
-file exists.
-After reading that file, it looks for \fI~/.bash_profile\fP,
-\fI~/.bash_login\fP, and \fI~/.profile\fP, in that order, and reads
-and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
-The
-.B \-\-noprofile
-option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
-.PP
-When a login shell exits,
-.B bash
-reads and executes commands from the file \fI~/.bash_logout\fP, if it
-exists.
-.PP
-When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started,
-.B bash
-reads and executes commands from \fI~/.bashrc\fP, if that file exists.
-This may be inhibited by using the
-.B \-\-norc
-option.
-The \fB\-\-rcfile\fP \fIfile\fP option will force
-.B bash
-to read and execute commands from \fIfile\fP instead of \fI~/.bashrc\fP.
-.PP
-When
-.B bash
-is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for example, it
-looks for the variable
-.SM
-.B BASH_ENV
-in the environment, expands its value if it appears there, and uses the
-expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
-.B Bash
-behaves as if the following command were executed:
-.sp .5
-.RS
-.if t \f(CWif [ \-n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi\fP
-.if n if [ \-n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
-.RE
-.sp .5
-but the value of the
-.SM
-.B PATH
-variable is not used to search for the filename.
-.PP
-If
-.B bash
-is invoked with the name
-.BR sh ,
-it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of
-.B sh
-as closely as possible,
-while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.
-When invoked as an interactive login shell, or a non-interactive
-shell with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first attempts to
-read and execute commands from
-.I /etc/profile
-and
-.IR ~/.profile ,
-in that order.
-The
-.B \-\-noprofile
-option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
-When invoked as an interactive shell with the name
-.BR sh ,
-.B bash
-looks for the variable
-.SM
-.BR ENV ,
-expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
-expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
-Since a shell invoked as
-.B sh
-does not attempt to read and execute commands from any other startup
-files, the
-.B \-\-rcfile
-option has no effect.
-A non-interactive shell invoked with the name
-.B sh
-does not attempt to read any other startup files.
-When invoked as
-.BR sh ,
-.B bash
-enters
-.I posix
-mode after the startup files are read.
-.PP
-When
-.B bash
-is started in
-.I posix
-mode, as with the
-.B \-\-posix
-command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.
-In this mode, interactive shells expand the
-.SM
-.B ENV
-variable and commands are read and executed from the file
-whose name is the expanded value.
-No other startup files are read.
-.PP
-.B Bash
-attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
-connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell
-daemon, usually \fIrshd\fP, or the secure shell daemon \fIsshd\fP.
-If
-.B bash
-determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes
-commands from \fI~/.bashrc\fP, if that file exists and is readable.
-It will not do this if invoked as \fBsh\fP.
-The
-.B \-\-norc
-option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
-.B \-\-rcfile
-option may be used to force another file to be read, but neither
-\fIrshd\fP nor \fIsshd\fP generally invoke the shell with those options
-or allow them to be specified.
-.PP
-If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the \fB\-p\fP option is not supplied, no startup
-files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, the
-.SM
-.BR SHELLOPTS ,
-.SM
-.BR BASHOPTS ,
-.SM
-.BR CDPATH ,
-and
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored,
-and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
-the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
-.SH DEFINITIONS
-.PP
-The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this
-document.
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B blank
-A space or tab.
-.TP
-.B word
-A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.
-Also known as a
-.BR token .
-.TP
-.B name
-A
-.I word
-consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and
-beginning with an alphabetic character or an underscore. Also
-referred to as an
-.BR identifier .
-.TP
-.B metacharacter
-A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following:
-.br
-.RS
-.PP
-.if t \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab\fP
-.if n \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-.TP
-.B control operator
-A \fItoken\fP that performs a control function. It is one of the following
-symbols:
-.RS
-.PP
-.if t \fB|| & && ; ;; ( ) | |& <newline>\fP
-.if n \fB|| & && ; ;; ( ) | |& <newline>\fP
-.RE
-.PD
-.SH "RESERVED WORDS"
-\fIReserved words\fP are words that have a special meaning to the shell.
-The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either
-the first word of a simple command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL GRAMMAR
-below) or the third word of a
-.B case
-or
-.B for
-command:
-.if t .RS
-.PP
-.B
-.if n ! case coproc do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]
-.if t ! case coproc do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]
-.if t .RE
-.SH "SHELL GRAMMAR"
-.SS Simple Commands
-.PP
-A \fIsimple command\fP is a sequence of optional variable assignments
-followed by \fBblank\fP-separated words and redirections, and
-terminated by a \fIcontrol operator\fP. The first word
-specifies the command to be executed, and is passed as argument zero.
-The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command.
-.PP
-The return value of a \fIsimple command\fP is its exit status, or
-128+\fIn\^\fP if the command is terminated by signal
-.IR n .
-.SS Pipelines
-.PP
-A \fIpipeline\fP is a sequence of one or more commands separated by
-one of the control operators
-.B |
-or \fB|&\fP.
-The format for a pipeline is:
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fBtime\fP [\fB\-p\fP]] [ ! ] \fIcommand\fP [ [\fB|\fP\(bv\fB|&\fP] \fIcommand2\fP ... ]
-.RE
-.PP
-The standard output of
-.I command
-is connected via a pipe to the standard input of
-.IR command2 .
-This connection is performed before any redirections specified by the
-command (see
-.SM
-.B REDIRECTION
-below).
-If \fB|&\fP is used, \fIcommand\fP's standard error, in addition to its
-standard output, is connected to
-\fIcommand2\fP's standard input through the pipe;
-it is shorthand for \fB2>&1 |\fP.
-This implicit redirection of the standard error to the standard output is
-performed after any redirections specified by the command.
-.PP
-The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last
-command, unless the \fBpipefail\fP option is enabled.
-If \fBpipefail\fP is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
-value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
-or zero if all commands exit successfully.
-If the reserved word
-.B !
-precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical
-negation of the exit status as described above.
-The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to
-terminate before returning a value.
-.PP
-If the
-.B time
-reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and
-system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline
-terminates.
-The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
-When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, it does not recognize
-\fBtime\fP as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'.
-The
-.SM
-.B TIMEFORMAT
-variable may be set to a format string that specifies how the timing
-information should be displayed; see the description of
-.SM
-.B TIMEFORMAT
-under
-.B "Shell Variables"
-below.
-.PP
-When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, \fBtime\fP
-may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
-total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
-The
-.SM
-.B TIMEFORMAT
-variable may be used to specify the format of
-the time information.
-.PP
-Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a
-subshell).
-.SS Lists
-.PP
-A \fIlist\fP is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
-of the operators
-.BR ; ,
-.BR & ,
-.BR && ,
-or
-.BR || ,
-and optionally terminated by one of
-.BR ; ,
-.BR & ,
-or
-.BR <newline> .
-.PP
-Of these list operators,
-.B &&
-and
-.B ||
-have equal precedence, followed by
-.B ;
-and
-.BR & ,
-which have equal precedence.
-.PP
-A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a \fIlist\fP instead
-of a semicolon to delimit commands.
-.PP
-If a command is terminated by the control operator
-.BR & ,
-the shell executes the command in the \fIbackground\fP
-in a subshell. The shell does not wait for the command to
-finish, and the return status is 0. Commands separated by a
-.B ;
-are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
-command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
-exit status of the last command executed.
-.PP
-AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by the
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP control operators, respectively.
-AND and OR lists are executed with left associativity.
-An AND list has the form
-.RS
-.PP
-\fIcommand1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIcommand2\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-.I command2
-is executed if, and only if,
-.I command1
-returns an exit status of zero.
-.PP
-An OR list has the form
-.RS
-.PP
-\fIcommand1\fP \fB||\fP \fIcommand2\fP
-.PP
-.RE
-.PP
-.I command2
-is executed if and only if
-.I command1
-returns a non-zero exit status.
-The return status of
-AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command
-executed in the list.
-.SS Compound Commands
-.PP
-A \fIcompound command\fP is one of the following.
-In most cases a \fIlist\fP in a command's description may be separated from
-the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be followed by a
-newline in place of a semicolon.
-.TP
-(\fIlist\fP)
-\fIlist\fP is executed in a subshell environment (see
-.SM
-\fBCOMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT\fP
-below).
-Variable assignments and builtin
-commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect
-after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of
-\fIlist\fP.
-.TP
-{ \fIlist\fP; }
-\fIlist\fP is simply executed in the current shell environment.
-\fIlist\fP must be terminated with a newline or semicolon.
-This is known as a \fIgroup command\fP.
-The return status is the exit status of
-\fIlist\fP.
-Note that unlike the metacharacters \fB(\fP and \fB)\fP, \fB{\fP and
-\fB}\fP are \fIreserved words\fP and must occur where a reserved
-word is permitted to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word
-break, they must be separated from \fIlist\fP by whitespace or another
-shell metacharacter.
-.TP
-((\fIexpression\fP))
-The \fIexpression\fP is evaluated according to the rules described
-below under
-.SM
-.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" .
-If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
-otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
-\fBlet "\fIexpression\fP"\fR.
-.TP
-\fB[[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]]\fP
-Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
-the conditional expression \fIexpression\fP.
-Expressions are composed of the primaries described below under
-.SM
-.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" .
-Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the words
-between the \fB[[\fP and \fB]]\fP; tilde expansion,
-parameter and variable expansion,
-arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
-substitution, and quote removal are performed.
-Conditional operators such as \fB\-f\fP must be unquoted to be recognized
-as primaries.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort
-lexicographically using the current locale.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-When the \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP operators are used, the string to the
-right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
-to the rules described below under \fBPattern Matching\fP.
-The \fB=\fP operator is equivalent to \fB==\fP.
-If the shell option
-.B nocasematch
-is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
-of alphabetic characters.
-The return value is 0 if the string matches (\fB==\fP) or does not match
-(\fB!=\fP) the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
-Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
-to be matched as a string.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-An additional binary operator, \fB=~\fP, is available, with the same
-precedence as \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP.
-When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
-an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in \fIregex\fP(3)).
-The return value is 0 if the string matches
-the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
-If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
-expression's return value is 2.
-If the shell option
-.B nocasematch
-is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
-of alphabetic characters.
-Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
-to be matched as a string.
-Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
-since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets.
-If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable
-expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.
-Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
-expression are saved in the array variable
-.SM
-.BR BASH_REMATCH .
-The element of
-.SM
-.B BASH_REMATCH
-with index 0 is the portion of the string
-matching the entire regular expression.
-The element of
-.SM
-.B BASH_REMATCH
-with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the
-string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
-in decreasing order of precedence:
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B ( \fIexpression\fP )
-Returns the value of \fIexpression\fP.
-This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
-.TP
-.B ! \fIexpression\fP
-True if
-.I expression
-is false.
-.TP
-\fIexpression1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIexpression2\fP
-True if both
-.I expression1
-and
-.I expression2
-are true.
-.TP
-\fIexpression1\fP \fB||\fP \fIexpression2\fP
-True if either
-.I expression1
-or
-.I expression2
-is true.
-.PD
-.LP
-The \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP
-operators do not evaluate \fIexpression2\fP if the value of
-\fIexpression1\fP is sufficient to determine the return value of
-the entire conditional expression.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ [ \fBin\fP [ \fIword ...\fP ] ] ; ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
-The list of words following \fBin\fP is expanded, generating a list
-of items.
-The variable \fIname\fP is set to each element of this list
-in turn, and \fIlist\fP is executed each time.
-If the \fBin\fP \fIword\fP is omitted, the \fBfor\fP command executes
-\fIlist\fP once for each positional parameter that is set (see
-.SM
-.B PARAMETERS
-below).
-The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
-If the expansion of the items following \fBin\fP results in an empty
-list, no commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
-.TP
-\fBfor\fP (( \fIexpr1\fP ; \fIexpr2\fP ; \fIexpr3\fP )) ; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
-First, the arithmetic expression \fIexpr1\fP is evaluated according
-to the rules described below under
-.SM
-.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" .
-The arithmetic expression \fIexpr2\fP is then evaluated repeatedly
-until it evaluates to zero.
-Each time \fIexpr2\fP evaluates to a non-zero value, \fIlist\fP is
-executed and the arithmetic expression \fIexpr3\fP is evaluated.
-If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
-The return value is the exit status of the last command in \fIlist\fP
-that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
-.TP
-\fBselect\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ] ; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
-The list of words following \fBin\fP is expanded, generating a list
-of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
-error, each preceded by a number. If the \fBin\fP
-\fIword\fP is omitted, the positional parameters are printed (see
-.SM
-.B PARAMETERS
-below). The
-.SM
-.B PS3
-prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input.
-If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of
-the displayed words, then the value of
-.I name
-is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt
-are displayed again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any
-other value read causes
-.I name
-to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable
-.SM
-.BR REPLY .
-The
-.I list
-is executed after each selection until a
-.B break
-command is executed.
-The exit status of
-.B select
-is the exit status of the last command executed in
-.IR list ,
-or zero if no commands were executed.
-.TP
-\fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ [(] \fIpattern\fP [ \fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP ] \
-... ) \fIlist\fP ;; ] ... \fBesac\fP
-A \fBcase\fP command first expands \fIword\fP, and tries to match
-it against each \fIpattern\fP in turn, using the same matching rules
-as for pathname expansion (see
-.B Pathname Expansion
-below).
-The \fIword\fP is expanded using tilde
-expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
-command substitution, process substitution and quote removal.
-Each \fIpattern\fP examined is expanded using tilde
-expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic substitution,
-command substitution, and process substitution.
-If the shell option
-.B nocasematch
-is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
-of alphabetic characters.
-When a match is found, the corresponding \fIlist\fP is executed.
-If the \fB;;\fP operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
-the first pattern match.
-Using \fB;&\fP in place of \fB;;\fP causes execution to continue with
-the \fIlist\fP associated with the next set of patterns.
-Using \fB;;&\fP in place of \fB;;\fP causes the shell to test the next
-pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated \fIlist\fP
-on a successful match.
-The exit status is zero if no
-pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the
-last command executed in \fIlist\fP.
-.TP
-\fBif\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBthen\fP \fIlist;\fP \
-[ \fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP; ] ... \
-[ \fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP; ] \fBfi\fP
-The
-.B if
-.I list
-is executed. If its exit status is zero, the
-\fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP is executed. Otherwise, each \fBelif\fP
-\fIlist\fP is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero,
-the corresponding \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP is executed and the
-command completes. Otherwise, the \fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP is
-executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the
-last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true.
-.TP
-\fBwhile\fP \fIlist-1\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist-2\fP; \fBdone\fP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBuntil\fP \fIlist-1\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist-2\fP; \fBdone\fP
-.PD
-The \fBwhile\fP command continuously executes the list
-\fIlist-2\fP as long as the last command in the list \fIlist-1\fP returns
-an exit status of zero. The \fBuntil\fP command is identical
-to the \fBwhile\fP command, except that the test is negated;
-.I list-2
-is executed as long as the last command in
-.I list-1
-returns a non-zero exit status.
-The exit status of the \fBwhile\fP and \fBuntil\fP commands
-is the exit status
-of the last command executed in \fIlist-2\fP, or zero if
-none was executed.
-.SS Coprocesses
-.PP
-A \fIcoprocess\fP is a shell command preceded by the \fBcoproc\fP reserved
-word.
-A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
-had been terminated with the \fB&\fP control operator, with a two-way pipe
-established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
-.PP
-The format for a coprocess is:
-.RS
-.PP
-\fBcoproc\fP [\fINAME\fP] \fIcommand\fP [\fIredirections\fP]
-.RE
-.PP
-This creates a coprocess named \fINAME\fP.
-If \fINAME\fP is not supplied, the default name is \fBCOPROC\fP.
-\fINAME\fP must not be supplied if \fIcommand\fP is a \fIsimple
-command\fP (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
-of the simple command.
-When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
-.B Arrays
-below) named \fINAME\fP in the context of the executing shell.
-The standard output of
-.I command
-is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to \fINAME\fP[0].
-The standard input of
-.I command
-is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to \fINAME\fP[1].
-This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
-command (see
-.SM
-.B REDIRECTION
-below).
-The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
-and redirections using standard word expansions.
-The file descriptors are not available in subshells.
-The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
-available as the value of the variable \fINAME\fP_PID.
-The \fBwait\fP
-builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
-.PP
-Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command,
-the \fBcoproc\fP command always returns success.
-The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of \fIcommand\fP.
-.SS Shell Function Definitions
-.PP
-A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
-executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
-Shell functions are declared as follows:
-.TP
-\fIname\fP () \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP [()] \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP]
-.PD
-This defines a function named \fIname\fP.
-The reserved word \fBfunction\fP is optional.
-If the \fBfunction\fP reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.
-The \fIbody\fP of the function is the compound command
-.I compound\-command
-(see \fBCompound Commands\fP above).
-That command is usually a \fIlist\fP of commands between { and }, but
-may be any command listed under \fBCompound Commands\fP above.
-\fIcompound\-command\fP is executed whenever \fIname\fP is specified as the
-name of a simple command.
-When in \fIposix mode\fP, \fIname\fP may not be the name of one of the
-POSIX \fIspecial builtins\fP.
-Any redirections (see
-.SM
-.B REDIRECTION
-below) specified when a function is defined are performed
-when the function is executed.
-The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
-occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
-When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
-last command executed in the body. (See
-.SM
-.B FUNCTIONS
-below.)
-.SH COMMENTS
-In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
-.B interactive_comments
-option to the
-.B shopt
-builtin is enabled (see
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below), a word beginning with
-.B #
-causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
-be ignored. An interactive shell without the
-.B interactive_comments
-option enabled does not allow comments. The
-.B interactive_comments
-option is on by default in interactive shells.
-.SH QUOTING
-\fIQuoting\fP is used to remove the special meaning of certain
-characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to
-disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent
-reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent
-parameter expansion.
-.PP
-Each of the \fImetacharacters\fP listed above under
-.SM
-.B DEFINITIONS
-has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
-represent itself.
-.PP
-When the command history expansion facilities are being used
-(see
-.SM
-.B HISTORY EXPANSION
-below), the
-\fIhistory expansion\fP character, usually \fB!\fP, must be quoted
-to prevent history expansion.
-.PP
-There are three quoting mechanisms: the
-.IR "escape character" ,
-single quotes, and double quotes.
-.PP
-A non-quoted backslash (\fB\e\fP) is the
-.IR "escape character" .
-It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows,
-with the exception of <newline>. If a \fB\e\fP<newline> pair
-appears, and the backslash is not itself quoted, the \fB\e\fP<newline>
-is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the
-input stream and effectively ignored).
-.PP
-Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value
-of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
-between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
-.PP
-Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value
-of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of
-.BR $ ,
-.BR \` ,
-.BR \e ,
-and, when history expansion is enabled,
-.BR ! .
-The characters
-.B $
-and
-.B \`
-retain their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash
-retains its special meaning only when followed by one of the following
-characters:
-.BR $ ,
-.BR \` ,
-\^\fB"\fP\^,
-.BR \e ,
-or
-.BR <newline> .
-A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
-a backslash.
-If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an
-.B !
-appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.
-The backslash preceding the
-.B !
-is not removed.
-.PP
-The special parameters
-.B *
-and
-.B @
-have special meaning when in double
-quotes (see
-.SM
-.B PARAMETERS
-below).
-.PP
-Words of the form \fB$\fP\(aq\fIstring\fP\(aq are treated specially. The
-word expands to \fIstring\fP, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
-as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if
-present, are decoded as follows:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \ea
-alert (bell)
-.TP
-.B \eb
-backspace
-.TP
-.B \ee
-.TP
-.B \eE
-an escape character
-.TP
-.B \ef
-form feed
-.TP
-.B \en
-new line
-.TP
-.B \er
-carriage return
-.TP
-.B \et
-horizontal tab
-.TP
-.B \ev
-vertical tab
-.TP
-.B \e\e
-backslash
-.TP
-.B \e\(aq
-single quote
-.TP
-.B \e\(dq
-double quote
-.TP
-.B \e\fInnn\fP
-the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
-(one to three digits)
-.TP
-.B \ex\fIHH\fP
-the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
-(one or two hex digits)
-.TP
-.B \eu\fIHHHH\fP
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-\fIHHHH\fP (one to four hex digits)
-.TP
-.B \eU\fIHHHHHHHH\fP
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-\fIHHHHHHHH\fP (one to eight hex digits)
-.TP
-.B \ec\fIx\fP
-a control-\fIx\fP character
-.PD
-.RE
-.LP
-The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had
-not been present.
-.PP
-A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (\fB$\fP\(dq\fIstring\fP\(dq)
-will cause the string to be translated according to the current locale.
-If the current locale is \fBC\fP or \fBPOSIX\fP, the dollar sign
-is ignored.
-If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
-double-quoted.
-.SH PARAMETERS
-A
-.I parameter
-is an entity that stores values.
-It can be a
-.IR name ,
-a number, or one of the special characters listed below under
-.BR "Special Parameters" .
-A
-.I variable
-is a parameter denoted by a
-.IR name .
-A variable has a \fIvalue\fP and zero or more \fIattributes\fP.
-Attributes are assigned using the
-.B declare
-builtin command (see
-.B declare
-below in
-.SM
-.BR "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" ).
-.PP
-A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
-a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
-the
-.B unset
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-.PP
-A
-.I variable
-may be assigned to by a statement of the form
-.RS
-.PP
-\fIname\fP=[\fIvalue\fP]
-.RE
-.PP
-If
-.I value
-is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
-.I values
-undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
-removal (see
-.SM
-.B EXPANSION
-below). If the variable has its
-.B integer
-attribute set, then
-.I value
-is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion is
-not used (see
-.B "Arithmetic Expansion"
-below).
-Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
-of \fB"$@"\fP as explained below under
-.BR "Special Parameters" .
-Pathname expansion is not performed.
-Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the
-.BR alias ,
-.BR declare ,
-.BR typeset ,
-.BR export ,
-.BR readonly ,
-and
-.B local
-builtin commands.
-When in \fIposix mode\fP, these builtins may appear in a command after
-one or more instances of the \fBcommand\fP builtin and retain these
-assignment statement properties.
-.PP
-In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to
-append to or add to the variable's previous value.
-When += is applied to a variable for which the \fIinteger\fP attribute has been
-set, \fIvalue\fP is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and added to the
-variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
-When += is applied to an array variable using compound assignment (see
-.B Arrays
-below), the
-variable's value is not unset (as it is when using =), and new values are
-appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index
-(for indexed arrays) or added as additional key\-value pairs in an
-associative array.
-When applied to a string-valued variable, \fIvalue\fP is expanded and
-appended to the variable's value.
-.PP
-A variable can be assigned the \fInameref\fP attribute using the
-\fB\-n\fP option to the \fBdeclare\fP or \fBlocal\fP builtin commands
-(see the descriptions of \fBdeclare\fP and \fBlocal\fP below)
-to create a \fInameref\fP, or a reference to another variable.
-This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly.
-Whenever the nameref variable is referenced or assigned to, the operation
-is actually performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's
-value.
-A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a variable
-whose name is passed as an argument to the function.
-For instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first
-argument, running
-.sp .5
-.RS
-.if t \f(CWdeclare -n ref=$1\fP
-.if n declare -n ref=$1
-.RE
-.sp .5
-inside the function creates a nameref variable \fBref\fP whose value is
-the variable name passed as the first argument.
-References and assignments to \fBref\fP are treated as references and
-assignments to the variable whose name was passed as \fB$1\fP.
-If the control variable in a \fBfor\fP loop has the nameref attribute,
-the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a name reference
-will be established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is
-executed.
-Array variables cannot be given the \fB\-n\fP attribute.
-However, nameref variables can reference array variables and subscripted
-array variables.
-Namerefs can be unset using the \fB\-n\fP option to the \fBunset\fP builtin.
-Otherwise, if \fBunset\fP is executed with the name of a nameref variable
-as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable will be unset.
-.SS Positional Parameters
-.PP
-A
-.I positional parameter
-is a parameter denoted by one or more
-digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are
-assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked,
-and may be reassigned using the
-.B set
-builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
-with assignment statements. The positional parameters are
-temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see
-.SM
-.B FUNCTIONS
-below).
-.PP
-When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
-digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see
-.SM
-.B EXPANSION
-below).
-.SS Special Parameters
-.PP
-The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
-only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B *
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
-expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
-with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
-of the
-.SM
-.B IFS
-special variable. That is, "\fB$*\fP" is equivalent
-to "\fB$1\fP\fIc\fP\fB$2\fP\fIc\fP\fB...\fP", where
-.I c
-is the first character of the value of the
-.SM
-.B IFS
-variable. If
-.SM
-.B IFS
-is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.
-If
-.SM
-.B IFS
-is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
-.TP
-.B @
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
-expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
-separate word. That is, "\fB$@\fP" is equivalent to
-"\fB$1\fP" "\fB$2\fP" ...
-If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
-the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
-word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
-part of the original word.
-When there are no positional parameters, "\fB$@\fP" and
-.B $@
-expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
-.TP
-.B #
-Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
-.TP
-.B ?
-Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
-pipeline.
-.TP
-.B \-
-Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation,
-by the
-.B set
-builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
-(such as the
-.B \-i
-option).
-.TP
-.B $
-Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
-expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the
-subshell.
-.TP
-.B !
-Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background
-(asynchronous) command.
-.TP
-.B 0
-Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
-shell initialization. If
-.B bash
-is invoked with a file of commands,
-.B $0
-is set to the name of that file. If
-.B bash
-is started with the
-.B \-c
-option, then
-.B $0
-is set to the first argument after the string to be
-executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
-to the filename used to invoke
-.BR bash ,
-as given by argument zero.
-.TP
-.B _
-At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
-shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
-or argument list.
-Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
-after expansion.
-Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
-and placed in the environment exported to that command.
-When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file
-currently being checked.
-.PD
-.SS Shell Variables
-.PP
-The following variables are set by the shell:
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B BASH
-Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
-.BR bash .
-.TP
-.B BASHOPTS
-A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
-the list is a valid argument for the
-.B \-s
-option to the
-.B shopt
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below). The options appearing in
-.SM
-.B BASHOPTS
-are those reported as
-.I on
-by \fBshopt\fP.
-If this variable is in the environment when
-.B bash
-starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
-reading any startup files.
-This variable is read-only.
-.TP
-.B BASHPID
-Expands to the process ID of the current \fBbash\fP process.
-This differs from \fB$$\fP under certain circumstances, such as subshells
-that do not require \fBbash\fP to be re-initialized.
-.TP
-.B BASH_ALIASES
-An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
-list of aliases as maintained by the \fBalias\fP builtin.
-Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array
-elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
-.TP
-.B BASH_ARGC
-An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
-frame of the current \fBbash\fP execution call stack.
-The number of
-parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
-with \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP) is at the top of the stack.
-When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
-.SM
-.BR BASH_ARGC .
-The shell sets
-.SM
-.B BASH_ARGC
-only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the
-.B extdebug
-option to the
-.B shopt
-builtin below)
-.TP
-.B BASH_ARGV
-An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current \fBbash\fP
-execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
-is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
-at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
-are pushed onto
-.SM
-.BR BASH_ARGV .
-The shell sets
-.SM
-.B BASH_ARGV
-only when in extended debugging mode
-(see the description of the
-.B extdebug
-option to the
-.B shopt
-builtin below)
-.TP
-.B BASH_CMDS
-An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
-hash table of commands as maintained by the \fBhash\fP builtin.
-Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array
-elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
-.TP
-.B BASH_COMMAND
-The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
-shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
-in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
-.TP
-.B BASH_EXECUTION_STRING
-The command argument to the \fB\-c\fP invocation option.
-.TP
-.B BASH_LINENO
-An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
-where each corresponding member of
-.SM
-.B FUNCNAME
-was invoked.
-\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is the line number in the source
-file (\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP) where
-\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
-(or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another
-shell function).
-Use
-.SM
-.B LINENO
-to obtain the current line number.
-.TP
-.B BASH_REMATCH
-An array variable whose members are assigned by the \fB=~\fP binary
-operator to the \fB[[\fP conditional command.
-The element with index 0 is the portion of the string
-matching the entire regular expression.
-The element with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the
-string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression.
-This variable is read-only.
-.TP
-.B BASH_SOURCE
-An array variable whose members are the source filenames
-where the corresponding shell function names in the
-.SM
-.B FUNCNAME
-array variable are defined.
-The shell function
-\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is defined in the file
-\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP and called from
-\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP.
-.TP
-.B BASH_SUBSHELL
-Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when
-the shell begins executing in that environment.
-The initial value is 0.
-.TP
-.B BASH_VERSINFO
-A readonly array variable whose members hold version information for
-this instance of
-.BR bash .
-The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
-.sp .5
-.RS
-.TP 24
-.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR0\fP]
-The major version number (the \fIrelease\fP).
-.TP
-.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR1\fP]
-The minor version number (the \fIversion\fP).
-.TP
-.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR2\fP]
-The patch level.
-.TP
-.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR3\fP]
-The build version.
-.TP
-.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR4\fP]
-The release status (e.g., \fIbeta1\fP).
-.TP
-.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR5\fP]
-The value of
-.SM
-.BR MACHTYPE .
-.RE
-.TP
-.B BASH_VERSION
-Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
-.BR bash .
-.TP
-.B COMP_CWORD
-An index into \fB${COMP_WORDS}\fP of the word containing the current
-cursor position.
-This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
-below).
-.TP
-.B COMP_KEY
-The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
-completion function.
-.TP
-.B COMP_LINE
-The current command line.
-This variable is available only in shell functions and external
-commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
-below).
-.TP
-.B COMP_POINT
-The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
-the current command.
-If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
-the value of this variable is equal to \fB${#COMP_LINE}\fP.
-This variable is available only in shell functions and external
-commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
-below).
-.TP
-.B COMP_TYPE
-Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
-that caused a completion function to be called:
-\fITAB\fP, for normal completion,
-\fI?\fP, for listing completions after successive tabs,
-\fI!\fP, for listing alternatives on partial word completion,
-\fI@\fP, to list completions if the word is not unmodified,
-or
-\fI%\fP, for menu completion.
-This variable is available only in shell functions and external
-commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
-below).
-.TP
-.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
-The set of characters that the \fBreadline\fP library treats as word
-separators when performing word completion.
-If
-.SM
-.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.TP
-.B COMP_WORDS
-An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
-words in the current command line.
-The line is split into words as \fBreadline\fP would split it, using
-.SM
-.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
-as described above.
-This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
-below).
-.TP
-.B COPROC
-An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) created to hold the file descriptors
-for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see \fBCoprocesses\fP
-above).
-.TP
-.B DIRSTACK
-An array variable (see
-.B Arrays
-below) containing the current contents of the directory stack.
-Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
-.B dirs
-builtin.
-Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify
-directories already in the stack, but the
-.B pushd
-and
-.B popd
-builtins must be used to add and remove directories.
-Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory.
-If
-.SM
-.B DIRSTACK
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.TP
-.B EUID
-Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initialized at
-shell startup. This variable is readonly.
-.TP
-.B FUNCNAME
-An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
-currently in the execution call stack.
-The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
-shell function.
-The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is
-.if t \f(CW"main"\fP.
-.if n "main".
-This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
-Assignments to
-.SM
-.B FUNCNAME
-have no effect and return an error status.
-If
-.SM
-.B FUNCNAME
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-This variable can be used with \fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP.
-Each element of \fBFUNCNAME\fP has corresponding elements in
-\fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP to describe the call stack.
-For instance, \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called from the file
-\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP at line number
-\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
-The \fBcaller\fP builtin displays the current call stack using this
-information.
-.TP
-.B GROUPS
-An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
-user is a member.
-Assignments to
-.SM
-.B GROUPS
-have no effect and return an error status.
-If
-.SM
-.B GROUPS
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.TP
-.B HISTCMD
-The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
-command.
-If
-.SM
-.B HISTCMD
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.TP
-.B HOSTNAME
-Automatically set to the name of the current host.
-.TP
-.B HOSTTYPE
-Automatically set to a string that uniquely
-describes the type of machine on which
-.B bash
-is executing.
-The default is system-dependent.
-.TP
-.B LINENO
-Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes
-a decimal number representing the current sequential line number
-(starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
-script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
-be meaningful.
-If
-.SM
-.B LINENO
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.TP
-.B MACHTYPE
-Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
-type on which
-.B bash
-is executing, in the standard GNU \fIcpu-company-system\fP format.
-The default is system-dependent.
-.TP
-.B MAPFILE
-An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) created to hold the text
-read by the \fBmapfile\fP builtin when no variable name is supplied.
-.TP
-.B OLDPWD
-The previous working directory as set by the
-.B cd
-command.
-.TP
-.B OPTARG
-The value of the last option argument processed by the
-.B getopts
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-.TP
-.B OPTIND
-The index of the next argument to be processed by the
-.B getopts
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-.TP
-.B OSTYPE
-Automatically set to a string that
-describes the operating system on which
-.B bash
-is executing.
-The default is system-dependent.
-.TP
-.B PIPESTATUS
-An array variable (see
-.B Arrays
-below) containing a list of exit status values from the processes
-in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
-contain only a single command).
-.TP
-.B PPID
-The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is readonly.
-.TP
-.B PWD
-The current working directory as set by the
-.B cd
-command.
-.TP
-.B RANDOM
-Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
-0 and 32767 is
-generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning
-a value to
-.SM
-.BR RANDOM .
-If
-.SM
-.B RANDOM
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.TP
-.B READLINE_LINE
-The contents of the
-.B readline
-line buffer, for use with
-.if t \f(CWbind -x\fP
-.if n "bind -x"
-(see
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below).
-.TP
-.B READLINE_POINT
-The position of the insertion point in the
-.B readline
-line buffer, for use with
-.if t \f(CWbind -x\fP
-.if n "bind -x"
-(see
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below).
-.TP
-.B REPLY
-Set to the line of input read by the
-.B read
-builtin command when no arguments are supplied.
-.TP
-.B SECONDS
-Each time this parameter is
-referenced, the number of seconds since shell invocation is returned. If a
-value is assigned to
-.SM
-.BR SECONDS ,
-the value returned upon subsequent
-references is
-the number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
-If
-.SM
-.B SECONDS
-is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-.TP
-.B SHELLOPTS
-A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
-the list is a valid argument for the
-.B \-o
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below). The options appearing in
-.SM
-.B SHELLOPTS
-are those reported as
-.I on
-by \fBset \-o\fP.
-If this variable is in the environment when
-.B bash
-starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
-reading any startup files.
-This variable is read-only.
-.TP
-.B SHLVL
-Incremented by one each time an instance of
-.B bash
-is started.
-.TP
-.B UID
-Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup.
-This variable is readonly.
-.PD
-.PP
-The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases,
-.B bash
-assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted
-below.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B BASH_COMPAT
-The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.
-See the description of the \fBshopt\fP builtin below under
-\fBSHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\fP
-for a description of the various compatibility
-levels and their effects.
-The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42)
-corresponding to the desired compatibility level.
-If \fBBASH_COMPAT\fP is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility
-level is set to the default for the current version.
-If \fBBASH_COMPAT\fP is set to a value that is not one of the valid
-compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the
-compatibility level to the default for the current version.
-The valid compatibility levels correspond to the compatibility options
-accepted by the \fBshopt\fP builtin described below (for example,
-\fBcompat42\fP means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values).
-The current version is also a valid value.
-.TP
-.B BASH_ENV
-If this parameter is set when \fBbash\fP is executing a shell script,
-its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
-initialize the shell, as in
-.IR ~/.bashrc .
-The value of
-.SM
-.B BASH_ENV
-is subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
-expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
-.SM
-.B PATH
-is not used to search for the resultant filename.
-.TP
-.B BASH_XTRACEFD
-If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, \fBbash\fP
-will write the trace output generated when
-.if t \f(CWset -x\fP
-.if n \fIset -x\fP
-is enabled to that file descriptor.
-The file descriptor is closed when
-.SM
-.B BASH_XTRACEFD
-is unset or assigned a new value.
-Unsetting
-.SM
-.B BASH_XTRACEFD
-or assigning it the empty string causes the
-trace output to be sent to the standard error.
-Note that setting
-.SM
-.B BASH_XTRACEFD
-to 2 (the standard error file
-descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error
-being closed.
-.TP
-.B CDPATH
-The search path for the
-.B cd
-command.
-This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks
-for destination directories specified by the
-.B cd
-command.
-A sample value is
-.if t \f(CW".:~:/usr"\fP.
-.if n ".:~:/usr".
-.TP
-.B CHILD_MAX
-Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
-Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a POSIX-mandated
-minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
-not exceed.
-The minimum value is system-dependent.
-.TP
-.B COLUMNS
-Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the terminal width
-when printing selection lists.
-Automatically set if the
-.B checkwinsize
-option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
-.SM
-.BR SIGWINCH .
-.TP
-.B COMPREPLY
-An array variable from which \fBbash\fP reads the possible completions
-generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
-facility (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP below).
-Each array element contains one possible completion.
-.TP
-.B EMACS
-If \fBbash\fP finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts
-with value
-.if t \f(CWt\fP,
-.if n "t",
-it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables
-line editing.
-.TP
-.B ENV
-Similar to
-.SM
-.BR BASH_ENV ;
-used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode.
-.TP
-.B FCEDIT
-The default editor for the
-.B fc
-builtin command.
-.TP
-.B FIGNORE
-A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
-filename completion (see
-.SM
-.B READLINE
-below).
-A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
-.SM
-.B FIGNORE
-is excluded from the list of matched filenames.
-A sample value is
-.if t \f(CW".o:~"\fP.
-.if n ".o:~".
-.TP
-.B FUNCNEST
-If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
-nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
-will cause the current command to abort.
-.TP
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
-be ignored by pathname expansion.
-If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one
-of the patterns in
-.SM
-.BR GLOBIGNORE ,
-it is removed from the list of matches.
-.TP
-.B HISTCONTROL
-A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
-the history list.
-If the list of values includes
-.IR ignorespace ,
-lines which begin with a
-.B space
-character are not saved in the history list.
-A value of
-.I ignoredups
-causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved.
-A value of
-.I ignoreboth
-is shorthand for \fIignorespace\fP and \fIignoredups\fP.
-A value of
-.IR erasedups
-causes all previous lines matching the current line to be removed from
-the history list before that line is saved.
-Any value not in the above list is ignored.
-If
-.SM
-.B HISTCONTROL
-is unset, or does not include a valid value,
-all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
-subject to the value of
-.SM
-.BR HISTIGNORE .
-The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
-not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
-.SM
-.BR HISTCONTROL .
-.TP
-.B HISTFILE
-The name of the file in which command history is saved (see
-.SM
-.B HISTORY
-below). The default value is \fI~/.bash_history\fP. If unset, the
-command history is not saved when a shell exits.
-.TP
-.B HISTFILESIZE
-The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
-variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
-necessary,
-to contain no more than that number of lines by removing the oldest entries.
-The history file is also truncated to this size after
-writing it when a shell exits.
-If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
-Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
-The shell sets the default value to the value of \fBHISTSIZE\fP
-after reading any startup files.
-.TP
-.B HISTIGNORE
-A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines
-should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
-beginning of the line and must match the complete line (no implicit
-`\fB*\fP' is appended). Each pattern is tested against the line
-after the checks specified by
-.SM
-.B HISTCONTROL
-are applied.
-In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `\fB&\fP'
-matches the previous history line. `\fB&\fP' may be escaped using a
-backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
-The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
-not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
-.SM
-.BR HISTIGNORE .
-.TP
-.B HISTSIZE
-The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
-.SM
-.B HISTORY
-below).
-If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
-Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
-on the history list (there is no limit).
-The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
-.TP
-.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
-If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
-for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history
-entry displayed by the \fBhistory\fP builtin.
-If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
-they may be preserved across shell sessions.
-This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
-other history lines.
-.TP
-.B HOME
-The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the
-\fBcd\fP builtin command.
-The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion.
-.TP
-.B HOSTFILE
-Contains the name of a file in the same format as
-.FN /etc/hosts
-that should be read when the shell needs to complete a
-hostname.
-The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the
-shell is running;
-the next time hostname completion is attempted after the
-value is changed,
-.B bash
-adds the contents of the new file to the existing list.
-If
-.SM
-.B HOSTFILE
-is set, but has no value, or does not name a readable file,
-\fBbash\fP attempts to read
-.FN /etc/hosts
-to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.
-When
-.SM
-.B HOSTFILE
-is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
-.TP
-.B IFS
-The
-.I Internal Field Separator
-that is used
-for word splitting after expansion and to
-split lines into words with the
-.B read
-builtin command. The default value is
-``<space><tab><newline>''.
-.TP
-.B IGNOREEOF
-Controls the
-action of an interactive shell on receipt of an
-.SM
-.B EOF
-character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
-consecutive
-.SM
-.B EOF
-characters which must be
-typed as the first characters on an input line before
-.B bash
-exits. If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or
-has no value, the default value is 10. If it does not exist,
-.SM
-.B EOF
-signifies the end of input to the shell.
-.TP
-.B INPUTRC
-The filename for the
-.B readline
-startup file, overriding the default of
-.FN ~/.inputrc
-(see
-.SM
-.B READLINE
-below).
-.TP
-.B LANG
-Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
-selected with a variable starting with \fBLC_\fP.
-.TP
-.B LC_ALL
-This variable overrides the value of
-.SM
-.B LANG
-and any other
-\fBLC_\fP variable specifying a locale category.
-.TP
-.B LC_COLLATE
-This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
-results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior of range
-expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within
-pathname expansion and pattern matching.
-.TP
-.B LC_CTYPE
-This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
-behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern
-matching.
-.TP
-.B LC_MESSAGES
-This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
-strings preceded by a \fB$\fP.
-.TP
-.B LC_NUMERIC
-This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
-.TP
-.B LINES
-Used by the \fBselect\fP compound command to determine the column length
-for printing selection lists.
-Automatically set if the
-.B checkwinsize
-option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
-.SM
-.BR SIGWINCH .
-.TP
-.B MAIL
-If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
-.SM
-.B MAILPATH
-variable is not set,
-.B bash
-informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file or
-Maildir-format directory.
-.TP
-.B MAILCHECK
-Specifies how
-often (in seconds)
-.B bash
-checks for mail. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
-for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.
-If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
-greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
-.TP
-.B MAILPATH
-A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail.
-The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file
-may be specified by separating the filename from the message with a `?'.
-When used in the text of the message, \fB$_\fP expands to the name of
-the current mailfile.
-Example:
-.RS
-.PP
-\fBMAILPATH\fP=\(aq/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell\-mail?"$_ has mail!"\(aq
-.PP
-.B Bash
-supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user
-mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/\fB$USER\fP).
-.RE
-.TP
-.B OPTERR
-If set to the value 1,
-.B bash
-displays error messages generated by the
-.B getopts
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-.SM
-.B OPTERR
-is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell
-script is executed.
-.TP
-.B PATH
-The search path for commands. It
-is a colon-separated list of directories in which
-the shell looks for commands (see
-.SM
-.B COMMAND EXECUTION
-below).
-A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of
-.SM
-.B PATH
-indicates the current directory.
-A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
-or trailing colon.
-The default path is system-dependent,
-and is set by the administrator who installs
-.BR bash .
-A common value is
-.if t \f(CW/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin\fP.
-.if n ``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''.
-.TP
-.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
-If this variable is in the environment when \fBbash\fP starts, the shell
-enters \fIposix mode\fP before reading the startup files, as if the
-.B \-\-posix
-invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is
-running, \fBbash\fP enables \fIposix mode\fP, as if the command
-.if t \f(CWset -o posix\fP
-.if n \fIset -o posix\fP
-had been executed.
-.TP
-.B PROMPT_COMMAND
-If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
-prompt.
-.TP
-.B PROMPT_DIRTRIM
-If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
-trailing directory components to retain when expanding the \fB\ew\fP and
-\fB\eW\fP prompt string escapes (see
-.SM
-.B PROMPTING
-below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
-.TP
-.B PS1
-The value of this parameter is expanded (see
-.SM
-.B PROMPTING
-below) and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
-``\fB\es\-\ev\e$ \fP''.
-.TP
-.B PS2
-The value of this parameter is expanded as with
-.SM
-.B PS1
-and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is
-``\fB> \fP''.
-.TP
-.B PS3
-The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the
-.B select
-command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL GRAMMAR
-above).
-.TP
-.B PS4
-The value of this parameter is expanded as with
-.SM
-.B PS1
-and the value is printed before each command
-.B bash
-displays during an execution trace. The first character of
-.SM
-.B PS4
-is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple
-levels of indirection. The default is ``\fB+ \fP''.
-.TP
-.B SHELL
-The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
-If it is not set when the shell starts,
-.B bash
-assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
-.TP
-.B TIMEFORMAT
-The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
-how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
-.B time
-reserved word should be displayed.
-The \fB%\fP character introduces an escape sequence that is
-expanded to a time value or other information.
-The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the
-braces denote optional portions.
-.sp .5
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP 10
-.B %%
-A literal \fB%\fP.
-.TP
-.B %[\fIp\fP][l]R
-The elapsed time in seconds.
-.TP
-.B %[\fIp\fP][l]U
-The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
-.TP
-.B %[\fIp\fP][l]S
-The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
-.TP
-.B %P
-The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
-.PD
-.RE
-.IP
-The optional \fIp\fP is a digit specifying the \fIprecision\fP,
-the number of fractional digits after a decimal point.
-A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
-At most three places after the decimal point may be specified;
-values of \fIp\fP greater than 3 are changed to 3.
-If \fIp\fP is not specified, the value 3 is used.
-.IP
-The optional \fBl\fP specifies a longer format, including
-minutes, of the form \fIMM\fPm\fISS\fP.\fIFF\fPs.
-The value of \fIp\fP determines whether or not the fraction is
-included.
-.IP
-If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the
-value \fB$\(aq\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\e\t%3lS\(aq\fP.
-If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
-A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B TMOUT
-If set to a value greater than zero,
-.SM
-.B TMOUT
-is treated as the
-default timeout for the \fBread\fP builtin.
-The \fBselect\fP command terminates if input does not arrive
-after
-.SM
-.B TMOUT
-seconds when input is coming from a terminal.
-In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the
-number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the
-primary prompt.
-.B Bash
-terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if a complete
-line of input does not arrive.
-.TP
-.B TMPDIR
-If set, \fBbash\fP uses its value as the name of a directory in which
-\fBbash\fP creates temporary files for the shell's use.
-.TP
-.B auto_resume
-This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
-job control. If this variable is set, single word simple
-commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
-of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
-more than one job beginning with the string typed, the job most recently
-accessed is selected. The
-.I name
-of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to
-start it.
-If set to the value
-.IR exact ,
-the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly;
-if set to
-.IR substring ,
-the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
-stopped job. The
-.I substring
-value provides functionality analogous to the
-.B %?
-job identifier (see
-.SM
-.B JOB CONTROL
-below). If set to any other value, the supplied string must
-be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
-analogous to the \fB%\fP\fIstring\fP job identifier.
-.TP
-.B histchars
-The two or three characters which control history expansion
-and tokenization (see
-.SM
-.B HISTORY EXPANSION
-below). The first character is the \fIhistory expansion\fP character,
-the character which signals the start of a history
-expansion, normally `\fB!\fP'.
-The second character is the \fIquick substitution\fP
-character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous
-command entered, substituting one string for another in the command.
-The default is `\fB^\fP'.
-The optional third character is the character
-which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found
-as the first character of a word, normally `\fB#\fP'. The history
-comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
-remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
-parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
-.PD
-.SS Arrays
-.B Bash
-provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
-Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the
-.B declare
-builtin will explicitly declare an array.
-There is no maximum
-limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
-be indexed or assigned contiguously.
-Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
-expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are referenced
-using arbitrary strings.
-Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
-.PP
-An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
-using the syntax \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP. The
-.I subscript
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
-To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
-.B declare \-a \fIname\fP
-(see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-.B declare \-a \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]
-is also accepted; the \fIsubscript\fP is ignored.
-.PP
-Associative arrays are created using
-.BR "declare \-A \fIname\fP" .
-.PP
-Attributes may be
-specified for an array variable using the
-.B declare
-and
-.B readonly
-builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
-.PP
-Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
-\fIname\fP=\fB(\fPvalue\fI1\fP ... value\fIn\fP\fB)\fP, where each
-\fIvalue\fP is of the form [\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIstring\fP.
-Indexed array assignments do not require anything but \fIstring\fP.
-When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and subscript
-are supplied, that index is assigned to;
-otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
-to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
-.PP
-When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
-.PP
-This syntax is also accepted by the
-.B declare
-builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
-\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP syntax introduced above.
-When assigning to an indexed array, if
-.I name
-is subscripted by a negative number, that number is
-interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
-\fIname\fP, so negative indices count back from the end of the
-array, and an index of \-1 references the last element.
-.PP
-Any element of an array may be referenced using
-${\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]}. The braces are required to avoid
-conflicts with pathname expansion. If
-\fIsubscript\fP is \fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, the word expands to
-all members of \fIname\fP. These subscripts differ only when the
-word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted,
-${\fIname\fP[*]} expands to a single
-word with the value of each array member separated by the first
-character of the
-.SM
-.B IFS
-special variable, and ${\fIname\fP[@]} expands each element of
-\fIname\fP to a separate word. When there are no array members,
-${\fIname\fP[@]} expands to nothing.
-If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
-the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
-word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
-part of the original word.
-This is analogous to the expansion
-of the special parameters \fB*\fP and \fB@\fP (see
-.B Special Parameters
-above). ${#\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]} expands to the length of
-${\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]}. If \fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or
-\fB@\fP, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
-Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
-referencing the array with a subscript of 0.
-If the
-.I subscript
-used to reference an element of an indexed array
-evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
-interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array,
-so negative indices count back from the end of the
-array, and an index of \-1 references the last element.
-.PP
-An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
-value. The null string is a valid value.
-.PP
-It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the values.
-${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} and ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI*\fP]}
-expand to the indices assigned in array variable \fIname\fP.
-The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the
-special parameters \fI@\fP and \fI*\fP within double quotes.
-.PP
-The
-.B unset
-builtin is used to destroy arrays. \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]
-destroys the array element at index \fIsubscript\fP.
-Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
-Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname
-expansion.
-\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array, or
-\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP], where
-\fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, removes the entire array.
-.PP
-The
-.BR declare ,
-.BR local ,
-and
-.B readonly
-builtins each accept a
-.B \-a
-option to specify an indexed array and a
-.B \-A
-option to specify an associative array.
-If both options are supplied,
-.B \-A
-takes precedence.
-The
-.B read
-builtin accepts a
-.B \-a
-option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
-to an array. The
-.B set
-and
-.B declare
-builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
-reused as assignments.
-.SH EXPANSION
-Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
-words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
-.IR "brace expansion" ,
-.IR "tilde expansion" ,
-.IR "parameter and variable expansion" ,
-.IR "command substitution" ,
-.IR "arithmetic expansion" ,
-.IR "word splitting" ,
-and
-.IR "pathname expansion" .
-.PP
-The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
-parameter, variable and arithmetic expansion and
-command substitution
-(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname
-expansion.
-.PP
-On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
-available: \fIprocess substitution\fP.
-.PP
-Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion
-can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
-expand a single word to a single word.
-The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
-"\fB$@\fP" and "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB[@]}\fP"
-as explained above (see
-.SM
-.BR PARAMETERS ).
-.SS Brace Expansion
-.PP
-.I "Brace expansion"
-is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings
-may be generated. This mechanism is similar to
-\fIpathname expansion\fP, but the filenames generated
-need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take
-the form of an optional
-.IR preamble ,
-followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
-a sequence expression between a pair of braces, followed by
-an optional
-.IR postscript .
-The preamble is prefixed to each string contained
-within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
-to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
-.PP
-Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded
-string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved.
-For example, a\fB{\fPd,c,b\fB}\fPe expands into `ade ace abe'.
-.PP
-A sequence expression takes the form
-\fB{\fP\fIx\fP\fB..\fP\fIy\fP\fB[..\fP\fIincr\fP\fB]}\fP,
-where \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP are either integers or single characters,
-and \fIincr\fP, an optional increment, is an integer.
-When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
-\fIx\fP and \fIy\fP, inclusive.
-Supplied integers may be prefixed with \fI0\fP to force each term to have the
-same width.
-When either \fIx\fP or \fPy\fP begins with a zero, the shell
-attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
-zero-padding where necessary.
-When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
-lexicographically between \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP, inclusive,
-using the default C locale.
-Note that both \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP must be of the same type.
-When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
-each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
-.PP
-Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
-and any characters special to other expansions are preserved
-in the result. It is strictly textual.
-.B Bash
-does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the
-expansion or the text between the braces.
-.PP
-A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening
-and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
-sequence expression.
-Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
-A \fB{\fP or \fB,\fP may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
-being considered part of a brace expression.
-To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string \fB${\fP
-is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
-.PP
-This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
-prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
-above example:
-.RS
-.PP
-mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
-.RE
-or
-.RS
-chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
-.RE
-.PP
-Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with
-historical versions of
-.BR sh .
-.B sh
-does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they
-appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
-.B Bash
-removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
-expansion. For example, a word entered to
-.B sh
-as \fIfile{1,2}\fP
-appears identically in the output. The same word is
-output as
-.I file1 file2
-after expansion by
-.BR bash .
-If strict compatibility with
-.B sh
-is desired, start
-.B bash
-with the
-.B +B
-option or disable brace expansion with the
-.B +B
-option to the
-.B set
-command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-.SS Tilde Expansion
-.PP
-If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`\fB~\fP'), all of
-the characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
-if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a \fItilde-prefix\fP.
-If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the
-characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a
-possible \fIlogin name\fP.
-If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
-value of the shell parameter
-.SM
-.BR HOME .
-If
-.SM
-.B HOME
-is unset, the home directory of the user executing the shell is
-substituted instead.
-Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory
-associated with the specified login name.
-.PP
-If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable
-.SM
-.B PWD
-replaces the tilde-prefix.
-If the tilde-prefix is a `~\-', the value of the shell variable
-.SM
-.BR OLDPWD ,
-if it is set, is substituted.
-If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist
-of a number \fIN\fP, optionally prefixed
-by a `+' or a `\-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding
-element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the
-.B dirs
-builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argument.
-If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a
-number without a leading `+' or `\-', `+' is assumed.
-.PP
-If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word
-is unchanged.
-.PP
-Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
-following a
-.B :
-or the first
-.BR = .
-In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
-Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in assignments to
-.SM
-.BR PATH ,
-.SM
-.BR MAILPATH ,
-and
-.SM
-.BR CDPATH ,
-and the shell assigns the expanded value.
-.SS Parameter Expansion
-.PP
-The `\fB$\fP' character introduces parameter expansion,
-command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
-or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
-are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from
-characters immediately following it which could be
-interpreted as part of the name.
-.PP
-When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `\fB}\fP'
-not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
-embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
-expansion.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP}
-The value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted. The braces are required
-when
-.I parameter
-is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
-or when
-.I parameter
-is followed by a character which is not to be
-interpreted as part of its name.
-The \fIparameter\fP is a shell parameter as described above
-\fBPARAMETERS\fP) or an array reference (\fBArrays\fP).
-.PD
-.PP
-If the first character of \fIparameter\fP is an exclamation point (\fB!\fP),
-it introduces a level of variable indirection.
-\fBBash\fP uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
-\fIparameter\fP as the name of the variable; this variable is then
-expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
-than the value of \fIparameter\fP itself.
-This is known as \fIindirect expansion\fP.
-The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} and
-${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} described below.
-The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
-introduce indirection.
-.PP
-In each of the cases below, \fIword\fP is subject to tilde expansion,
-parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
-.PP
-When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented below
-(e.g., \fB:-\fP),
-\fBbash\fP tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the colon
-results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\-\fP\fIword\fP}
-\fBUse Default Values\fP. If
-.I parameter
-is unset or null, the expansion of
-.I word
-is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
-.I parameter
-is substituted.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB:=\fP\fIword\fP}
-\fBAssign Default Values\fP.
-If
-.I parameter
-is unset or null, the expansion of
-.I word
-is assigned to
-.IR parameter .
-The value of
-.I parameter
-is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may
-not be assigned to in this way.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB:?\fP\fIword\fP}
-\fBDisplay Error if Null or Unset\fP.
-If
-.I parameter
-is null or unset, the expansion of \fIword\fP (or a message to that effect
-if
-.I word
-is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it
-is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of \fIparameter\fP is
-substituted.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB:+\fP\fIword\fP}
-\fBUse Alternate Value\fP.
-If
-.I parameter
-is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of
-.I word
-is substituted.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\fP\fIoffset\fP}
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\fP\fIoffset\fP\fB:\fP\fIlength\fP}
-.PD
-\fBSubstring Expansion\fP.
-Expands to up to \fIlength\fP characters of the value of \fIparameter\fP
-starting at the character specified by \fIoffset\fP.
-If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, an indexed array subscripted by
-\fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, or an associative array name, the results differ as
-described below.
-If \fIlength\fP is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of
-\fIparameter\fP starting at the character specified by \fIoffset\fP
-and extending to the end of the value.
-\fIlength\fP and \fIoffset\fP are arithmetic expressions (see
-.SM
-.B
-ARITHMETIC EVALUATION
-below).
-.sp 1
-If \fIoffset\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
-is used as an offset in characters
-from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP.
-If \fIlength\fP evaluates to a number less than zero,
-it is interpreted as an offset in characters
-from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP rather than
-a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
-\fIoffset\fP and that result.
-Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
-one space to avoid being confused with the \fB:-\fP expansion.
-.sp 1
-If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, the result is \fIlength\fP positional
-parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP.
-A negative \fIoffset\fP is taken relative to one greater than the greatest
-positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional
-parameter.
-It is an expansion error if \fIlength\fP evaluates to a number less than
-zero.
-.sp 1
-If \fIparameter\fP is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *,
-the result is the \fIlength\fP
-members of the array beginning with ${\fIparameter\fP[\fIoffset\fP]}.
-A negative \fIoffset\fP is taken relative to one greater than the maximum
-index of the specified array.
-It is an expansion error if \fIlength\fP evaluates to a number less than
-zero.
-.sp 1
-Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined
-results.
-.sp 1
-Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
-are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
-If \fIoffset\fP is 0, and the positional parameters are used, \fB$0\fP is
-prefixed to the list.
-.TP
-${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP}
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB@\fP}
-.PD
-\fBNames matching prefix\fP.
-Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with \fIprefix\fP,
-separated by the first character of the
-.SM
-.B IFS
-special variable.
-When \fI@\fP is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
-variable name expands to a separate word.
-.TP
-${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]}
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI*\fP]}
-.PD
-\fBList of array keys\fP.
-If \fIname\fP is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices
-(keys) assigned in \fIname\fP.
-If \fIname\fP is not an array, expands to 0 if \fIname\fP is set and null
-otherwise.
-When \fI@\fP is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
-key expands to a separate word.
-.TP
-${\fB#\fP\fIparameter\fP}
-\fBParameter length\fP.
-The length in characters of the value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted.
-If
-.I parameter
-is
-.B *
-or
-.BR @ ,
-the value substituted is the number of positional parameters.
-If
-.I parameter
-is an array name subscripted by
-.B *
-or
-.BR @ ,
-the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
-If
-.I parameter
-is an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is
-interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
-\fIparameter\fP, so negative indices count back from the end of the
-array, and an index of \-1 references the last element.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB#\fP\fIword\fP}
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB##\fP\fIword\fP}
-.PD
-\fBRemove matching prefix pattern\fP.
-The
-.I word
-is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname
-expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of
-the value of
-.IR parameter ,
-then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of
-.I parameter
-with the shortest matching pattern (the ``\fB#\fP'' case) or the
-longest matching pattern (the ``\fB##\fP'' case) deleted.
-If
-.I parameter
-is
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If
-.I parameter
-is an array variable subscripted with
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB%\fP\fIword\fP}
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB%%\fP\fIword\fP}
-.PD
-\fBRemove matching suffix pattern\fP.
-The \fIword\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-pathname expansion.
-If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of
-.IR parameter ,
-then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of
-.I parameter
-with the shortest matching pattern (the ``\fB%\fP'' case) or the
-longest matching pattern (the ``\fB%%\fP'' case) deleted.
-If
-.I parameter
-is
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If
-.I parameter
-is an array variable subscripted with
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB/\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP}
-\fBPattern substitution\fP.
-The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-pathname expansion.
-\fIParameter\fP is expanded and the longest match of \fIpattern\fP
-against its value is replaced with \fIstring\fP.
-If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB/\fP, all matches of \fIpattern\fP are
-replaced with \fIstring\fP. Normally only the first match is replaced.
-If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB#\fP, it must match at the beginning
-of the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP.
-If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB%\fP, it must match at the end
-of the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP.
-If \fIstring\fP is null, matches of \fIpattern\fP are deleted
-and the \fB/\fP following \fIpattern\fP may be omitted.
-If
-.I parameter
-is
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the substitution operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If
-.I parameter
-is an array variable subscripted with
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the substitution operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB^\fP\fIpattern\fP}
-.PD 0
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB^^\fP\fIpattern\fP}
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB,\fP\fIpattern\fP}
-.TP
-${\fIparameter\fP\fB,,\fP\fIpattern\fP}
-.PD
-\fBCase modification\fP.
-This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in \fIparameter\fP.
-The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-pathname expansion.
-Each character in the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP is tested against
-\fIpattern\fP, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
-The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
-The \fB^\fP operator converts lowercase letters matching \fIpattern\fP
-to uppercase; the \fB,\fP operator converts matching uppercase letters
-to lowercase.
-The \fB^^\fP and \fB,,\fP expansions convert each matched character in the
-expanded value; the \fB^\fP and \fB,\fP expansions match and convert only
-the first character in the expanded value.
-If \fIpattern\fP is omitted, it is treated like a \fB?\fP, which matches
-every character.
-If
-.I parameter
-is
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the case modification operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If
-.I parameter
-is an array variable subscripted with
-.B @
-or
-.BR * ,
-the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-.SS Command Substitution
-.PP
-\fICommand substitution\fP allows the output of a command to replace
-the command name. There are two forms:
-.RS
-.PP
-\fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\|\fB)\fP
-.RE
-or
-.RS
-\fB\`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB\`\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-.B Bash
-performs the expansion by executing \fIcommand\fP and
-replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the
-command, with any trailing newlines deleted.
-Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during
-word splitting.
-The command substitution \fB$(cat \fIfile\fP)\fR can be replaced by
-the equivalent but faster \fB$(< \fIfile\fP)\fR.
-.PP
-When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used,
-backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by
-.BR $ ,
-.BR \` ,
-or
-.BR \e .
-The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the
-command substitution.
-When using the $(\^\fIcommand\fP\|) form, all characters between the
-parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
-.PP
-Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form,
-escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
-.PP
-If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
-pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
-.SS Arithmetic Expansion
-.PP
-Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
-and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
-.RS
-.PP
-\fB$((\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB))\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-The
-.I expression
-is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote
-inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
-All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, and quote removal.
-The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
-Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
-.PP
-The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
-.SM
-.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" .
-If
-.I expression
-is invalid,
-.B bash
-prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
-.SS Process Substitution
-.PP
-\fIProcess substitution\fP is supported on systems that support named
-pipes (\fIFIFOs\fP) or the \fB/dev/fd\fP method of naming open files.
-It takes the form of
-\fB<(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP
-or
-\fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP.
-The process \fIlist\fP is run with its input or output connected to a
-\fIFIFO\fP or some file in \fB/dev/fd\fP. The name of this file is
-passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
-expansion. If the \fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, writing to
-the file will provide input for \fIlist\fP. If the
-\fB<(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, the file passed as an
-argument should be read to obtain the output of \fIlist\fP.
-.PP
-When available, process substitution is performed
-simultaneously with parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution,
-and arithmetic expansion.
-.SS Word Splitting
-.PP
-The shell scans the results of
-parameter expansion,
-command substitution,
-and
-arithmetic expansion
-that did not occur within double quotes for
-.IR "word splitting" .
-.PP
-The shell treats each character of
-.SM
-.B IFS
-as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other
-expansions into words on these characters. If
-.SM
-.B IFS
-is unset, or its
-value is exactly
-.BR <space><tab><newline> ,
-the default, then
-sequences of
-.BR <space> ,
-.BR <tab> ,
-and
-.B <newline>
-at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
-expansions are ignored, and
-any sequence of
-.SM
-.B IFS
-characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
-If
-.SM
-.B IFS
-has a value other than the default, then sequences of
-the whitespace characters
-.B space
-and
-.B tab
-are ignored at the beginning and end of the
-word, as long as the whitespace character is in the
-value of
-.SM
-.BR IFS
-(an
-.SM
-.B IFS
-whitespace character).
-Any character in
-.SM
-.B IFS
-that is not
-.SM
-.B IFS
-whitespace, along with any adjacent
-.SM
-.B IFS
-whitespace characters, delimits a field.
-A sequence of
-.SM
-.B IFS
-whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
-If the value of
-.SM
-.B IFS
-is null, no word splitting occurs.
-.PP
-Explicit null arguments (\^\f3"\^"\fP or \^\f3\(aq\^\(aq\fP\^) are retained.
-Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
-parameters that have no values, are removed.
-If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
-null argument results and is retained.
-.PP
-Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
-is performed.
-.SS Pathname Expansion
-.PP
-After word splitting,
-unless the
-.B \-f
-option has been set,
-.B bash
-scans each word for the characters
-.BR * ,
-.BR ? ,
-and
-.BR [ .
-If one of these characters appears, then the word is
-regarded as a
-.IR pattern ,
-and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
-filenames matching the pattern
-(see
-.SM
-.B "Pattern Matching"
-below).
-If no matching filenames are found,
-and the shell option
-.B nullglob
-is not enabled, the word is left unchanged.
-If the
-.B nullglob
-option is set, and no matches are found,
-the word is removed.
-If the
-.B failglob
-shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message
-is printed and the command is not executed.
-If the shell option
-.B nocaseglob
-is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
-of alphabetic characters.
-When a pattern is used for pathname expansion,
-the character
-.B ``.''
-at the start of a name or immediately following a slash
-must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option
-.B dotglob
-is set.
-When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
-matched explicitly.
-In other cases, the
-.B ``.''
-character is not treated specially.
-See the description of
-.B shopt
-below under
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-for a description of the
-.BR nocaseglob ,
-.BR nullglob ,
-.BR failglob ,
-and
-.B dotglob
-shell options.
-.PP
-The
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a
-.IR pattern .
-If
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-is removed from the list of matches.
-The filenames
-.B ``.''
-and
-.B ``..''
-are always ignored when
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-is set and not null. However, setting
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the
-.B dotglob
-shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
-.B ``.''
-will match.
-To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
-.BR ``.'' ,
-make
-.B ``.*''
-one of the patterns in
-.SM
-.BR GLOBIGNORE .
-The
-.B dotglob
-option is disabled when
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-is unset.
-.PP
-\fBPattern Matching\fP
-.PP
-Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
-characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
-occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
-escaping backslash is discarded when matching.
-The special pattern characters must be quoted if
-they are to be matched literally.
-.PP
-The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.RS
-.TP
-.B *
-Matches any string, including the null string.
-When the \fBglobstar\fP shell option is enabled, and \fB*\fP is used in
-a pathname expansion context, two adjacent \fB*\fPs used as a single
-pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and
-subdirectories.
-If followed by a \fB/\fP, two adjacent \fB*\fPs will match only directories
-and subdirectories.
-.TP
-.B ?
-Matches any single character.
-.TP
-.B [...]
-Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
-separated by a hyphen denotes a
-\fIrange expression\fP;
-any character that falls between those two characters, inclusive,
-using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
-is matched. If the first character following the
-.B [
-is a
-.B !
-or a
-.B ^
-then any character not enclosed is matched.
-The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
-the current locale and the values of the
-.SM
-.B LC_COLLATE
-or
-.SM
-.B LC_ALL
-shell variables, if set.
-To obtain the traditional interpretation of range expressions, where
-.B [a\-d]
-is equivalent to
-.BR [abcd] ,
-set value of the
-.B LC_ALL
-shell variable to
-.BR C ,
-or enable the
-.B globasciiranges
-shell option.
-A
-.B \-
-may be matched by including it as the first or last character
-in the set.
-A
-.B ]
-may be matched by including it as the first character
-in the set.
-.br
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-Within
-.B [
-and
-.BR ] ,
-\fIcharacter classes\fP can be specified using the syntax
-\fB[:\fP\fIclass\fP\fB:]\fP, where \fIclass\fP is one of the
-following classes defined in the POSIX standard:
-.PP
-.RS
-.B
-.if n alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower print punct space upper word xdigit
-.if t alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower print punct space upper word xdigit
-.br
-A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
-The \fBword\fP character class matches letters, digits, and the character _.
-.br
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-Within
-.B [
-and
-.BR ] ,
-an \fIequivalence class\fP can be specified using the syntax
-\fB[=\fP\fIc\fP\fB=]\fP, which matches all characters with the
-same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as
-the character \fIc\fP.
-.br
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-Within
-.B [
-and
-.BR ] ,
-the syntax \fB[.\fP\fIsymbol\fP\fB.]\fP matches the collating symbol
-\fIsymbol\fP.
-.RE
-.RE
-.PD
-.PP
-If the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using the \fBshopt\fP
-builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.
-In the following description, a \fIpattern-list\fP is a list of one
-or more patterns separated by a \fB|\fP.
-Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following
-sub-patterns:
-.sp 1
-.PD 0
-.RS
-.TP
-\fB?(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
-Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
-.TP
-\fB*(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
-Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
-.TP
-\fB+(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
-Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
-.TP
-\fB@(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
-Matches one of the given patterns
-.TP
-\fB!(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
-Matches anything except one of the given patterns
-.RE
-.PD
-.SS Quote Removal
-.PP
-After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
-characters
-.BR \e ,
-.BR \(aq ,
-and \^\f3"\fP\^ that did not result from one of the above
-expansions are removed.
-.SH REDIRECTION
-Before a command is executed, its input and output
-may be
-.I redirected
-using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
-Redirection allows commands' file handles to be
-duplicated, opened, closed,
-made to refer to different files,
-and can change the files the command reads from and writes to.
-Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
-current shell execution environment.
-The following redirection
-operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
-.I simple command
-or may follow a
-.IR command .
-Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
-left to right.
-.PP
-Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number
-may instead be preceded by a word of the form {\fIvarname\fP}.
-In this case, for each redirection operator except
->&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor greater
-than or equal to 10 and assign it to \fIvarname\fP.
-If >&- or <&- is preceded
-by {\fIvarname\fP}, the value of \fIvarname\fP defines the file
-descriptor to close.
-.PP
-In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is
-omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is
-.BR < ,
-the redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor
-0). If the first character of the redirection operator is
-.BR > ,
-the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor
-1).
-.PP
-The word following the redirection operator in the following
-descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to
-brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, arithmetic expansion, quote removal,
-pathname expansion, and word splitting.
-If it expands to more than one word,
-.B bash
-reports an error.
-.PP
-Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example,
-the command
-.RS
-.PP
-ls \fB>\fP dirlist 2\fB>&\fP1
-.RE
-.PP
-directs both standard output and standard error to the file
-.IR dirlist ,
-while the command
-.RS
-.PP
-ls 2\fB>&\fP1 \fB>\fP dirlist
-.RE
-.PP
-directs only the standard output to file
-.IR dirlist ,
-because the standard error was duplicated from the standard output
-before the standard output was redirected to
-.IR dirlist .
-.PP
-\fBBash\fP handles several filenames specially when they are used in
-redirections, as described in the following table:
-.RS
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B /dev/fd/\fIfd\fP
-If \fIfd\fP is a valid integer, file descriptor \fIfd\fP is duplicated.
-.TP
-.B /dev/stdin
-File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
-.TP
-.B /dev/stdout
-File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
-.TP
-.B /dev/stderr
-File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
-.TP
-.B /dev/tcp/\fIhost\fP/\fIport\fP
-If \fIhost\fP is a valid hostname or Internet address, and \fIport\fP
-is an integer port number or service name, \fBbash\fP attempts to open
-the corresponding TCP socket.
-.TP
-.B /dev/udp/\fIhost\fP/\fIport\fP
-If \fIhost\fP is a valid hostname or Internet address, and \fIport\fP
-is an integer port number or service name, \fBbash\fP attempts to open
-the corresponding UDP socket.
-.PD
-.RE
-.PP
-A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
-.PP
-Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
-care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
-internally.
-.SS Redirecting Input
-.PP
-Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
-the expansion of
-.I word
-to be opened for reading on file descriptor
-.IR n ,
-or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if
-.I n
-is not specified.
-.PP
-The general format for redirecting input is:
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB<\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.SS Redirecting Output
-.PP
-Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
-the expansion of
-.I word
-to be opened for writing on file descriptor
-.IR n ,
-or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if
-.I n
-is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created;
-if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
-.PP
-The general format for redirecting output is:
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB>\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-If the redirection operator is
-.BR > ,
-and the
-.B noclobber
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file
-whose name results from the expansion of \fIword\fP exists and is
-a regular file.
-If the redirection operator is
-.BR >| ,
-or the redirection operator is
-.B >
-and the
-.B noclobber
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin command is not enabled, the redirection is attempted even
-if the file named by \fIword\fP exists.
-.SS Appending Redirected Output
-.PP
-Redirection of output in this fashion
-causes the file whose name results from
-the expansion of
-.I word
-to be opened for appending on file descriptor
-.IR n ,
-or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if
-.I n
-is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
-.PP
-The general format for appending output is:
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB>>\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-.SS Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
-.PP
-This construct allows both the
-standard output (file descriptor 1) and
-the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
-to be redirected to the file whose name is the
-expansion of
-.IR word .
-.PP
-There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
-standard error:
-.RS
-.PP
-\fB&>\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-and
-.RS
-\fB>&\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
-This is semantically equivalent to
-.RS
-.PP
-\fB>\fP\fIword\fP 2\fB>&\fP1
-.RE
-.PP
-When using the second form, \fIword\fP may not expand to a number or
-\fB\-\fP. If it does, other redirection operators apply
-(see \fBDuplicating File Descriptors\fP below) for compatibility
-reasons.
-.SS Appending Standard Output and Standard Error
-.PP
-This construct allows both the
-standard output (file descriptor 1) and
-the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
-to be appended to the file whose name is the
-expansion of
-.IR word .
-.PP
-The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
-.RS
-.PP
-\fB&>>\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-This is semantically equivalent to
-.RS
-.PP
-\fB>>\fP\fIword\fP 2\fB>&\fP1
-.RE
-.PP
-(see \fBDuplicating File Descriptors\fP below).
-.SS Here Documents
-.PP
-This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
-current source until a line containing only
-.I delimiter
-(with no trailing blanks)
-is seen. All of
-the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard
-input for a command.
-.PP
-The format of here-documents is:
-.RS
-.PP
-.nf
-\fB<<\fP[\fB\-\fP]\fIword\fP
- \fIhere-document\fP
-\fIdelimiter\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.PP
-No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
-arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on
-.IR word .
-If any characters in
-.I word
-are quoted, the
-.I delimiter
-is the result of quote removal on
-.IR word ,
-and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
-If \fIword\fP is unquoted,
-all lines of the here-document are subjected to
-parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
-the character sequence
-.B \e<newline>
-is ignored, and
-.B \e
-must be used to quote the characters
-.BR \e ,
-.BR $ ,
-and
-.BR \` .
-.PP
-If the redirection operator is
-.BR <<\- ,
-then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the
-line containing
-.IR delimiter .
-This allows
-here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
-natural fashion.
-.SS "Here Strings"
-A variant of here documents, the format is:
-.RS
-.PP
-.nf
-\fB<<<\fP\fIword\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.PP
-The \fIword\fP undergoes
-brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.
-Pathname expansion and word splitting are not performed.
-The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its
-standard input.
-.SS "Duplicating File Descriptors"
-.PP
-The redirection operator
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB<&\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
-If
-.I word
-expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by
-.I n
-is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.
-If the digits in
-.I word
-do not specify a file descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs.
-If
-.I word
-evaluates to
-.BR \- ,
-file descriptor
-.I n
-is closed. If
-.I n
-is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
-.PP
-The operator
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB>&\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If
-.I n
-is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
-If the digits in
-.I word
-do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a redirection error occurs.
-If
-.I word
-evaluates to
-.BR \- ,
-file descriptor
-.I n
-is closed.
-As a special case, if \fIn\fP is omitted, and \fIword\fP does not
-expand to one or more digits or \fB\-\fP, the standard output and standard
-error are redirected as described previously.
-.SS "Moving File Descriptors"
-.PP
-The redirection operator
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB<&\fP\fIdigit\fP\fB\-\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-moves the file descriptor \fIdigit\fP to file descriptor
-.IR n ,
-or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if \fIn\fP is not specified.
-\fIdigit\fP is closed after being duplicated to \fIn\fP.
-.PP
-Similarly, the redirection operator
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB>&\fP\fIdigit\fP\fB\-\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-moves the file descriptor \fIdigit\fP to file descriptor
-.IR n ,
-or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if \fIn\fP is not specified.
-.SS "Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing"
-.PP
-The redirection operator
-.RS
-.PP
-[\fIn\fP]\fB<>\fP\fIword\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-causes the file whose name is the expansion of
-.I word
-to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor
-.IR n ,
-or on file descriptor 0 if
-.I n
-is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
-.SH ALIASES
-\fIAliases\fP allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
-as the first word of a simple command.
-The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with the
-.B alias
-and
-.B unalias
-builtin commands (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-The first word of each simple command, if unquoted,
-is checked to see if it has an
-alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.
-The characters \fB/\fP, \fB$\fP, \fB\`\fP, and \fB=\fP and
-any of the shell \fImetacharacters\fP or quoting characters
-listed above may not appear in an alias name.
-The replacement text may contain any valid shell input,
-including shell metacharacters.
-The first word of the replacement text is tested
-for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded
-is not expanded a second time.
-This means that one may alias
-.B ls
-to
-.BR "ls \-F" ,
-for instance, and
-.B bash
-does not try to recursively expand the replacement text.
-If the last character of the alias value is a
-.IR blank ,
-then the next command
-word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
-.PP
-Aliases are created and listed with the
-.B alias
-command, and removed with the
-.B unalias
-command.
-.PP
-There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text.
-If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see
-.SM
-.B FUNCTIONS
-below).
-.PP
-Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless
-the
-.B expand_aliases
-shell option is set using
-.B shopt
-(see the description of
-.B shopt
-under
-.SM
-\fBSHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\fP
-below).
-.PP
-The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
-somewhat confusing.
-.B Bash
-always reads at least one complete line
-of input before executing any
-of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a
-command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an
-alias definition appearing on the same line as another
-command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.
-The commands following the alias definition
-on that line are not affected by the new alias.
-This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
-Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read,
-not when the function is executed, because a function definition
-is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
-defined in a function are not available until after that
-function is executed. To be safe, always put
-alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use
-.B alias
-in compound commands.
-.PP
-For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by
-shell functions.
-.SH FUNCTIONS
-A shell function, defined as described above under
-.SM
-.BR "SHELL GRAMMAR" ,
-stores a series of commands for later execution.
-When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name,
-the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.
-Functions are executed in the context of the
-current shell; no new process is created to interpret
-them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
-When a function is executed, the arguments to the
-function become the positional parameters
-during its execution.
-The special parameter
-.B #
-is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter \fB0\fP
-is unchanged.
-The first element of the
-.SM
-.B FUNCNAME
-variable is set to the name of the function while the function
-is executing.
-.PP
-All other aspects of the shell execution
-environment are identical between a function and its caller
-with these exceptions: the
-.SM
-.B DEBUG
-and
-.B RETURN
-traps (see the description of the
-.B trap
-builtin under
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below) are not inherited unless the function has been given the
-\fBtrace\fP attribute (see the description of the
-.SM
-.B declare
-builtin below) or the
-\fB\-o functrace\fP shell option has been enabled with
-the \fBset\fP builtin
-(in which case all functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps),
-and the
-.SM
-.B ERR
-trap is not inherited unless the \fB\-o errtrace\fP shell option has
-been enabled.
-.PP
-Variables local to the function may be declared with the
-.B local
-builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values
-are shared between the function and its caller.
-.PP
-The \fBFUNCNEST\fP variable, if set to a numeric value greater
-than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function
-invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to
-abort.
-.PP
-If the builtin command
-.B return
-is executed in a function, the function completes and
-execution resumes with the next command after the function
-call.
-Any command associated with the \fBRETURN\fP trap is executed
-before execution resumes.
-When a function completes, the values of the
-positional parameters and the special parameter
-.B #
-are restored to the values they had prior to the function's
-execution.
-.PP
-Function names and definitions may be listed with the
-.B \-f
-option to the
-.B declare
-or
-.B typeset
-builtin commands. The
-.B \-F
-option to
-.B declare
-or
-.B typeset
-will list the function names only
-(and optionally the source file and line number, if the \fBextdebug\fP
-shell option is enabled).
-Functions may be exported so that subshells
-automatically have them defined with the
-.B \-f
-option to the
-.B export
-builtin.
-A function definition may be deleted using the \fB\-f\fP option to
-the
-.B unset
-builtin.
-Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
-in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
-shell's children.
-Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
-.PP
-Functions may be recursive.
-The \fBFUNCNEST\fP variable may be used to limit the depth of the
-function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations.
-By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls.
-.SH "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
-The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under
-certain circumstances (see the \fBlet\fP and \fBdeclare\fP builtin
-commands and \fBArithmetic Expansion\fP).
-Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow,
-though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
-The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values
-are the same as in the C language.
-The following list of operators is grouped into levels of
-equal-precedence operators.
-The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \fIid\fP++ \fIid\fP\-\-
-variable post-increment and post-decrement
-.TP
-.B ++\fIid\fP \-\-\fIid\fP
-variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
-.TP
-.B \- +
-unary minus and plus
-.TP
-.B ! ~
-logical and bitwise negation
-.TP
-.B **
-exponentiation
-.TP
-.B * / %
-multiplication, division, remainder
-.TP
-.B + \-
-addition, subtraction
-.TP
-.B << >>
-left and right bitwise shifts
-.TP
-.B <= >= < >
-comparison
-.TP
-.B == !=
-equality and inequality
-.TP
-.B &
-bitwise AND
-.TP
-.B ^
-bitwise exclusive OR
-.TP
-.B |
-bitwise OR
-.TP
-.B &&
-logical AND
-.TP
-.B ||
-logical OR
-.TP
-.B \fIexpr\fP?\fIexpr\fP:\fIexpr\fP
-conditional operator
-.TP
-.B = *= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
-assignment
-.TP
-.B \fIexpr1\fP , \fIexpr2\fP
-comma
-.PD
-.PP
-Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
-performed before the expression is evaluated.
-Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
-without using the parameter expansion syntax.
-A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
-by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
-The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression
-when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the
-\fIinteger\fP attribute using \fBdeclare -i\fP is assigned a value.
-A null value evaluates to 0.
-A shell variable need not have its \fIinteger\fP attribute
-turned on to be used in an expression.
-.PP
-Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.
-A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal.
-Otherwise, numbers take the form [\fIbase#\fP]n, where the optional \fIbase\fP
-is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
-base, and \fIn\fP is a number in that base.
-If \fIbase#\fP is omitted, then base 10 is used.
-When specifying \fIn\fP,
-the digits greater< than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
-the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order.
-If \fIbase\fP is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
-letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10
-and 35.
-.PP
-Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
-parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
-rules above.
-.SH "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS"
-Conditional expressions are used by the \fB[[\fP compound command and
-the \fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP builtin commands to test file attributes
-and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.
-Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
-If any \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is of the form
-\fI/dev/fd/n\fP, then file descriptor \fIn\fP is checked.
-If the \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is one of
-\fI/dev/stdin\fP, \fI/dev/stdout\fP, or \fI/dev/stderr\fP, file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
-.PP
-Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
-links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-When used with \fB[[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort
-lexicographically using the current locale.
-The \fBtest\fP command sorts using ASCII ordering.
-.sp 1
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-a \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists.
-.TP
-.B \-b \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a block special file.
-.TP
-.B \-c \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a character special file.
-.TP
-.B \-d \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a directory.
-.TP
-.B \-e \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists.
-.TP
-.B \-f \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a regular file.
-.TP
-.B \-g \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is set-group-id.
-.TP
-.B \-h \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a symbolic link.
-.TP
-.B \-k \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and its ``sticky'' bit is set.
-.TP
-.B \-p \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
-.TP
-.B \-r \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is readable.
-.TP
-.B \-s \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and has a size greater than zero.
-.TP
-.B \-t \fIfd\fP
-True if file descriptor
-.I fd
-is open and refers to a terminal.
-.TP
-.B \-u \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
-.TP
-.B \-w \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is writable.
-.TP
-.B \-x \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is executable.
-.TP
-.B \-G \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective group id.
-.TP
-.B \-L \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a symbolic link.
-.TP
-.B \-N \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and has been modified since it was last read.
-.TP
-.B \-O \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-.TP
-.B \-S \fIfile\fP
-True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a socket.
-.TP
-\fIfile1\fP \fB\-ef\fP \fIfile2\fP
-True if \fIfile1\fP and \fIfile2\fP refer to the same device and
-inode numbers.
-.TP
-\fIfile1\fP \-\fBnt\fP \fIfile2\fP
-True if \fIfile1\fP is newer (according to modification date) than \fIfile2\fP,
-or if \fIfile1\fP exists and \fPfile2\fP does not.
-.TP
-\fIfile1\fP \-\fBot\fP \fIfile2\fP
-True if \fIfile1\fP is older than \fIfile2\fP, or if \fIfile2\fP exists
-and \fIfile1\fP does not.
-.TP
-.B \-o \fIoptname\fP
-True if the shell option
-.I optname
-is enabled.
-See the list of options under the description of the
-.B \-o
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin below.
-.TP
-.B \-v \fIvarname\fP
-True if the shell variable
-.I varname
-is set (has been assigned a value).
-.TP
-.B \-R \fIvarname\fP
-True if the shell variable
-.I varname
-is set and is a name reference.
-.TP
-.B \-z \fIstring\fP
-True if the length of \fIstring\fP is zero.
-.TP
-\fIstring\fP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-n \fIstring\fP
-.PD
-True if the length of
-.I string
-is non-zero.
-.TP
-\fIstring1\fP \fB==\fP \fIstring2\fP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fIstring1\fP \fB=\fP \fIstring2\fP
-.PD
-True if the strings are equal. \fB=\fP should be used
-with the \fBtest\fP command for POSIX conformance.
-When used with the \fB[[\fP command, this performs pattern matching as
-described above (\fBCompound Commands\fP).
-.TP
-\fIstring1\fP \fB!=\fP \fIstring2\fP
-True if the strings are not equal.
-.TP
-\fIstring1\fP \fB<\fP \fIstring2\fP
-True if \fIstring1\fP sorts before \fIstring2\fP lexicographically.
-.TP
-\fIstring1\fP \fB>\fP \fIstring2\fP
-True if \fIstring1\fP sorts after \fIstring2\fP lexicographically.
-.TP
-.I \fIarg1\fP \fBOP\fP \fIarg2\fP
-.SM
-.B OP
-is one of
-.BR \-eq ,
-.BR \-ne ,
-.BR \-lt ,
-.BR \-le ,
-.BR \-gt ,
-or
-.BR \-ge .
-These arithmetic binary operators return true if \fIarg1\fP
-is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
-greater than, or greater than or equal to \fIarg2\fP, respectively.
-.I Arg1
-and
-.I arg2
-may be positive or negative integers.
-.PD
-.SH "SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION"
-When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
-expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
-.IP 1.
-The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those
-preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later
-processing.
-.IP 2.
-The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
-expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
-is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
-the arguments.
-.IP 3.
-Redirections are performed as described above under
-.SM
-.BR REDIRECTION .
-.IP 4.
-The text after the \fB=\fP in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
-expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
-and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
-.PP
-If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
-shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment
-of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.
-If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable,
-an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
-.PP
-If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
-affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
-command to exit with a non-zero status.
-.PP
-If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
-described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions
-contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
-the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
-were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
-.SH "COMMAND EXECUTION"
-After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
-simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
-actions are taken.
-.PP
-If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
-locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
-function is invoked as described above in
-.SM
-.BR FUNCTIONS .
-If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for
-it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that
-builtin is invoked.
-.PP
-If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin,
-and contains no slashes,
-.B bash
-searches each element of the
-.SM
-.B PATH
-for a directory containing an executable file by that name.
-.B Bash
-uses a hash table to remember the full pathnames of executable
-files (see
-.B hash
-under
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below).
-A full search of the directories in
-.SM
-.B PATH
-is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
-If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
-function named \fBcommand_not_found_handle\fP.
-If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
-the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's
-exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.
-If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
-message and returns an exit status of 127.
-.PP
-If the search is successful, or if the command name contains
-one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a
-separate execution environment.
-Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments
-to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
-.PP
-If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
-format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be
-a \fIshell script\fP, a file
-containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute
-it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so
-that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked
-to handle the script, with the exception that the locations of
-commands remembered by the parent (see
-.B hash
-below under
-.SM
-\fBSHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\fP)
-are retained by the child.
-.PP
-If the program is a file beginning with
-.BR #! ,
-the remainder of the first line specifies an interpreter
-for the program. The shell executes the
-specified interpreter on operating systems that do not
-handle this executable format themselves. The arguments to the
-interpreter consist of a single optional argument following the
-interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed
-by the name of the program, followed by the command
-arguments, if any.
-.SH COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT
-The shell has an \fIexecution environment\fP, which consists of the
-following:
-.IP \(bu
-open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
-redirections supplied to the \fBexec\fP builtin
-.IP \(bu
-the current working directory as set by \fBcd\fP, \fBpushd\fP, or
-\fBpopd\fP, or inherited by the shell at invocation
-.IP \(bu
-the file creation mode mask as set by \fBumask\fP or inherited from
-the shell's parent
-.IP \(bu
-current traps set by \fBtrap\fP
-.IP \(bu
-shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with \fBset\fP
-or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
-.IP \(bu
-shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's
-parent in the environment
-.IP \(bu
-options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line
-arguments) or by \fBset\fP
-.IP \(bu
-options enabled by \fBshopt\fP
-.IP \(bu
-shell aliases defined with \fBalias\fP
-.IP \(bu
-various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value
-of \fB$$\fP, and the value of
-.SM
-.B PPID
-.PP
-When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
-is to be executed, it
-is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
-the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
-from the shell.
-.if n .sp 1
-.IP \(bu
-the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
-by redirections to the command
-.IP \(bu
-the current working directory
-.IP \(bu
-the file creation mode mask
-.IP \(bu
-shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
-exported for the command, passed in the environment
-.IP \(bu
-traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the
-shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
-.PP
-A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
-shell's execution environment.
-.PP
-Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses,
-and asynchronous commands are invoked in a
-subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment,
-except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values
-that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin
-commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a
-subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment
-cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
-.PP
-Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
-the \fB\-e\fP option from the parent shell. When not in \fIposix\fP mode,
-\fBbash\fP clears the \fB\-e\fP option in such subshells.
-.PP
-If a command is followed by a \fB&\fP and job control is not active, the
-default standard input for the command is the empty file \fI/dev/null\fP.
-Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
-shell as modified by redirections.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
-called the
-.IR environment .
-This is a list of
-\fIname\fP\-\fIvalue\fP pairs, of the form
-.IR "name\fR=\fPvalue" .
-.PP
-The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment.
-On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and
-creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking
-it for
-.I export
-to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment.
-The
-.B export
-and
-.B declare \-x
-commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
-deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter
-in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part
-of the environment, replacing the old. The environment
-inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's
-initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell,
-less any pairs removed by the
-.B unset
-command, plus any additions via the
-.B export
-and
-.B declare \-x
-commands.
-.PP
-The environment for any
-.I simple command
-or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
-parameter assignments, as described above in
-.SM
-.BR PARAMETERS .
-These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
-by that command.
-.PP
-If the
-.B \-k
-option is set (see the
-.B set
-builtin command below), then
-.I all
-parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
-not just those that precede the command name.
-.PP
-When
-.B bash
-invokes an external command, the variable
-.B _
-is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that
-command in its environment.
-.SH "EXIT STATUS"
-.PP
-The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
-\fIwaitpid\fP system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
-fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
-use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and
-compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
-circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific
-failure modes.
-.PP
-For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a
-zero exit status has succeeded. An exit status of zero
-indicates success. A non-zero exit status indicates failure.
-When a command terminates on a fatal signal \fIN\fP, \fBbash\fP uses
-the value of 128+\fIN\fP as the exit status.
-.PP
-If a command is not found, the child process created to
-execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found
-but is not executable, the return status is 126.
-.PP
-If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
-the exit status is greater than zero.
-.PP
-Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (\fItrue\fP) if
-successful, and non-zero (\fIfalse\fP) if an error occurs
-while they execute.
-All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
-.PP
-\fBBash\fP itself returns the exit status of the last command
-executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits
-with a non-zero value. See also the \fBexit\fP builtin
-command below.
-.SH SIGNALS
-When \fBbash\fP is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
-.SM
-.B SIGTERM
-(so that \fBkill 0\fP does not kill an interactive shell),
-and
-.SM
-.B SIGINT
-is caught and handled (so that the \fBwait\fP builtin is interruptible).
-In all cases, \fBbash\fP ignores
-.SM
-.BR SIGQUIT .
-If job control is in effect,
-.B bash
-ignores
-.SM
-.BR SIGTTIN ,
-.SM
-.BR SIGTTOU ,
-and
-.SM
-.BR SIGTSTP .
-.PP
-Non-builtin commands run by \fBbash\fP have signal handlers
-set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent.
-When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands
-ignore
-.SM
-.B SIGINT
-and
-.SM
-.B SIGQUIT
-in addition to these inherited handlers.
-Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the
-keyboard-generated job control signals
-.SM
-.BR SIGTTIN ,
-.SM
-.BR SIGTTOU ,
-and
-.SM
-.BR SIGTSTP .
-.PP
-The shell exits by default upon receipt of a
-.SM
-.BR SIGHUP .
-Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the
-.SM
-.B SIGHUP
-to all jobs, running or stopped.
-Stopped jobs are sent
-.SM
-.B SIGCONT
-to ensure that they receive the
-.SM
-.BR SIGHUP .
-To prevent the shell from
-sending the signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the
-jobs table with the
-.B disown
-builtin (see
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below) or marked
-to not receive
-.SM
-.B SIGHUP
-using
-.BR "disown \-h" .
-.PP
-If the
-.B huponexit
-shell option has been set with
-.BR shopt ,
-.B bash
-sends a
-.SM
-.B SIGHUP
-to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
-.PP
-If \fBbash\fP is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal
-for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until
-the command completes.
-When \fBbash\fP is waiting for an asynchronous command via the \fBwait\fP
-builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will
-cause the \fBwait\fP builtin to return immediately with an exit status
-greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
-.SH "JOB CONTROL"
-.I Job control
-refers to the ability to selectively stop (\fIsuspend\fP)
-the execution of processes and continue (\fIresume\fP)
-their execution at a later point. A user typically employs
-this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly
-by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and
-.BR bash .
-.PP
-The shell associates a
-.I job
-with each pipeline. It keeps a table of currently executing
-jobs, which may be listed with the
-.B jobs
-command. When
-.B bash
-starts a job asynchronously (in the
-.IR background ),
-it prints a line that looks like:
-.RS
-.PP
-[1] 25647
-.RE
-.PP
-indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID
-of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647.
-All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job.
-.B Bash
-uses the
-.I job
-abstraction as the basis for job control.
-.PP
-To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
-control, the operating system maintains the notion of a \fIcurrent terminal
-process group ID\fP. Members of this process group (processes whose
-process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID)
-receive keyboard-generated signals such as
-.SM
-.BR SIGINT .
-These processes are said to be in the
-.IR foreground .
-.I Background
-processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's;
-such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
-Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the
-user so specifies with \f(CWstty tostop\fP, write to the
-terminal.
-Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when
-\f(CWstty tostop\fP is in effect) the
-terminal are sent a
-.SM
-.B SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU)
-signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
-which, unless caught, suspends the process.
-.PP
-If the operating system on which
-.B bash
-is running supports
-job control,
-.B bash
-contains facilities to use it.
-Typing the
-.I suspend
-character (typically
-.BR ^Z ,
-Control-Z) while a process is running
-causes that process to be stopped and returns control to
-.BR bash .
-Typing the
-.I "delayed suspend"
-character (typically
-.BR ^Y ,
-Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it
-attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
-be returned to
-.BR bash .
-The user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the
-.B bg
-command to continue it in the background, the
-.B fg
-command to continue it in the foreground, or
-the
-.B kill
-command to kill it. A \fB^Z\fP takes effect immediately,
-and has the additional side effect of causing pending output
-and typeahead to be discarded.
-.PP
-There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell.
-The character
-.B %
-introduces a job specification (\fIjobspec\fP). Job number
-.I n
-may be referred to as
-.BR %n .
-A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to
-start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.
-For example,
-.B %ce
-refers to a stopped
-.B ce
-job. If a prefix matches more than one job,
-.B bash
-reports an error. Using
-.BR %?ce ,
-on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string
-.B ce
-in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job,
-.B bash
-reports an error. The symbols
-.B %%
-and
-.B %+
-refer to the shell's notion of the
-.IR "current job" ,
-which is the last job stopped while it was in
-the foreground or started in the background.
-The
-.I "previous job"
-may be referenced using
-.BR %\- .
-If there is only a single job, \fB%+\fP and \fB%\-\fP can both be used
-to refer to that job.
-In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
-.B jobs
-command), the current job is always flagged with a
-.BR + ,
-and the previous job with a
-.BR \- .
-A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the
-current job.
-.PP
-Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the
-foreground:
-.B %1
-is a synonym for
-\fB``fg %1''\fP,
-bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground.
-Similarly,
-.B ``%1 &''
-resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to
-\fB``bg %1''\fP.
-.PP
-The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
-Normally,
-.B bash
-waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting
-changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
-any other output. If the
-.B \-b
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin command
-is enabled,
-.B bash
-reports such changes immediately.
-Any trap on
-.SM
-.B SIGCHLD
-is executed for each child that exits.
-.PP
-If an attempt to exit
-.B bash
-is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the \fBcheckjobs\fP shell option has
-been enabled using the \fBshopt\fP builtin, running), the shell prints a
-warning message, and, if the \fBcheckjobs\fP option is enabled, lists the
-jobs and their statuses.
-The
-.B jobs
-command may then be used to inspect their status.
-If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
-the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped
-jobs are terminated.
-.SH PROMPTING
-When executing interactively,
-.B bash
-displays the primary prompt
-.SM
-.B PS1
-when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt
-.SM
-.B PS2
-when it needs more input to complete a command.
-.B Bash
-allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a number of
-backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \ea
-an ASCII bell character (07)
-.TP
-.B \ed
-the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26")
-.TP
-.B \eD{\fIformat\fP}
-the \fIformat\fP is passed to \fIstrftime\fP(3) and the result is inserted
-into the prompt string; an empty \fIformat\fP results in a locale-specific
-time representation. The braces are required
-.TP
-.B \ee
-an ASCII escape character (033)
-.TP
-.B \eh
-the hostname up to the first `.'
-.TP
-.B \eH
-the hostname
-.TP
-.B \ej
-the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
-.TP
-.B \el
-the basename of the shell's terminal device name
-.TP
-.B \en
-newline
-.TP
-.B \er
-carriage return
-.TP
-.B \es
-the name of the shell, the basename of
-.B $0
-(the portion following the final slash)
-.TP
-.B \et
-the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
-.TP
-.B \eT
-the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
-.TP
-.B \e@
-the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
-.TP
-.B \eA
-the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
-.TP
-.B \eu
-the username of the current user
-.TP
-.B \ev
-the version of \fBbash\fP (e.g., 2.00)
-.TP
-.B \eV
-the release of \fBbash\fP, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
-.TP
-.B \ew
-the current working directory, with
-.SM
-.B $HOME
-abbreviated with a tilde
-(uses the value of the
-.SM
-.B PROMPT_DIRTRIM
-variable)
-.TP
-.B \eW
-the basename of the current working directory, with
-.SM
-.B $HOME
-abbreviated with a tilde
-.TP
-.B \e!
-the history number of this command
-.TP
-.B \e#
-the command number of this command
-.TP
-.B \e$
-if the effective UID is 0, a
-.BR # ,
-otherwise a
-.B $
-.TP
-.B \e\fInnn\fP
-the character corresponding to the octal number \fInnn\fP
-.TP
-.B \e\e
-a backslash
-.TP
-.B \e[
-begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to
-embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
-.TP
-.B \e]
-end a sequence of non-printing characters
-.PD
-.RE
-.PP
-The command number and the history number are usually different:
-the history number of a command is its position in the history
-list, which may include commands restored from the history file
-(see
-.SM
-.B HISTORY
-below), while the command number is the position in the sequence
-of commands executed during the current shell session.
-After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
-parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
-expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
-.B promptvars
-shell option (see the description of the
-.B shopt
-command under
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below).
-.SH READLINE
-This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive
-shell, unless the
-.B \-\-noediting
-option is given at shell invocation.
-Line editing is also used when using the \fB\-e\fP option to the
-\fBread\fP builtin.
-By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.
-A vi-style line editing interface is also available.
-Line editing can be enabled at any time using the
-.B \-o emacs
-or
-.B \-o vi
-options to the
-.B set
-builtin (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-To turn off line editing after the shell is running, use the
-.B +o emacs
-or
-.B +o vi
-options to the
-.B set
-builtin.
-.SS "Readline Notation"
-.PP
-In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote
-keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fR, e.g., C\-n
-means Control\-N. Similarly,
-.I meta
-keys are denoted by M\-\fIkey\fR, so M\-x means Meta\-X. (On keyboards
-without a
-.I meta
-key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP, i.e., press the Escape key
-then the
-.I x
-key. This makes ESC the \fImeta prefix\fP.
-The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP,
-or press the Escape key
-then hold the Control key while pressing the
-.I x
-key.)
-.PP
-Readline commands may be given numeric
-.IR arguments ,
-which normally act as a repeat count.
-Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant.
-Passing a negative argument to a command that acts in the forward
-direction (e.g., \fBkill\-line\fP) causes that command to act in a
-backward direction.
-Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted
-below.
-.PP
-When a command is described as \fIkilling\fP text, the text
-deleted is saved for possible future retrieval
-(\fIyanking\fP). The killed text is saved in a
-\fIkill ring\fP. Consecutive kills cause the text to be
-accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once.
-Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text
-on the kill ring.
-.SS "Readline Initialization"
-.PP
-Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization
-file (the \fIinputrc\fP file).
-The name of this file is taken from the value of the
-.SM
-.B INPUTRC
-variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
-.IR ~/.inputrc .
-When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the
-initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables
-are set.
-There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
-readline initialization file.
-Blank lines are ignored.
-Lines beginning with a \fB#\fP are comments.
-Lines beginning with a \fB$\fP indicate conditional constructs.
-Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
-.PP
-The default key-bindings may be changed with an
-.I inputrc
-file.
-Other programs that use this library may add their own commands
-and bindings.
-.PP
-For example, placing
-.RS
-.PP
-M\-Control\-u: universal\-argument
-.RE
-or
-.RS
-C\-Meta\-u: universal\-argument
-.RE
-into the
-.I inputrc
-would make M\-C\-u execute the readline command
-.IR universal\-argument .
-.PP
-The following symbolic character names are recognized:
-.IR RUBOUT ,
-.IR DEL ,
-.IR ESC ,
-.IR LFD ,
-.IR NEWLINE ,
-.IR RET ,
-.IR RETURN ,
-.IR SPC ,
-.IR SPACE ,
-and
-.IR TAB .
-.PP
-In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
-to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a \fImacro\fP).
-.SS "Readline Key Bindings"
-.PP
-The syntax for controlling key bindings in the
-.I inputrc
-file is simple. All that is required is the name of the
-command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which
-it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways:
-as a symbolic key name, possibly with \fIMeta\-\fP or \fIControl\-\fP
-prefixes, or as a key sequence.
-.PP
-When using the form \fBkeyname\fP:\^\fIfunction\-name\fP or \fImacro\fP,
-.I keyname
-is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example:
-.sp
-.RS
-Control-u: universal\-argument
-.br
-Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
-.br
-Control-o: "> output"
-.RE
-.LP
-In the above example,
-.I C\-u
-is bound to the function
-.BR universal\-argument ,
-.I M\-DEL
-is bound to the function
-.BR backward\-kill\-word ,
-and
-.I C\-o
-is bound to run the macro
-expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
-.if t \f(CW> output\fP
-.if n ``> output''
-into the line).
-.PP
-In the second form, \fB"keyseq"\fP:\^\fIfunction\-name\fP or \fImacro\fP,
-.B keyseq
-differs from
-.B keyname
-above in that strings denoting
-an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence
-within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be
-used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names
-are not recognized.
-.sp
-.RS
-"\eC\-u": universal\-argument
-.br
-"\eC\-x\eC\-r": re\-read\-init\-file
-.br
-"\ee[11~": "Function Key 1"
-.RE
-.PP
-In this example,
-.I C\-u
-is again bound to the function
-.BR universal\-argument .
-.I "C\-x C\-r"
-is bound to the function
-.BR re\-read\-init\-file ,
-and
-.I "ESC [ 1 1 ~"
-is bound to insert the text
-.if t \f(CWFunction Key 1\fP.
-.if n ``Function Key 1''.
-.PP
-The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \eC\-
-control prefix
-.TP
-.B \eM\-
-meta prefix
-.TP
-.B \ee
-an escape character
-.TP
-.B \e\e
-backslash
-.TP
-.B \e"
-literal "
-.TP
-.B \e\(aq
-literal \(aq
-.RE
-.PD
-.PP
-In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second
-set of backslash escapes is available:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \ea
-alert (bell)
-.TP
-.B \eb
-backspace
-.TP
-.B \ed
-delete
-.TP
-.B \ef
-form feed
-.TP
-.B \en
-newline
-.TP
-.B \er
-carriage return
-.TP
-.B \et
-horizontal tab
-.TP
-.B \ev
-vertical tab
-.TP
-.B \e\fInnn\fP
-the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
-(one to three digits)
-.TP
-.B \ex\fIHH\fP
-the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
-(one or two hex digits)
-.RE
-.PD
-.PP
-When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
-be used to indicate a macro definition.
-Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
-In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
-Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
-including " and \(aq.
-.PP
-.B Bash
-allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified
-with the
-.B bind
-builtin command. The editing mode may be switched during interactive
-use by using the
-.B \-o
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below).
-.SS "Readline Variables"
-.PP
-Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its
-behavior. A variable may be set in the
-.I inputrc
-file with a statement of the form
-.RS
-.PP
-\fBset\fP \fIvariable\-name\fP \fIvalue\fP
-.RE
-.PP
-Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
-.B On
-or
-.B Off
-(without regard to case).
-Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
-When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insensitive),
-and "1" are equivalent to \fBOn\fP. All other values are equivalent to
-\fBOff\fP.
-The variables and their default values are:
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B bell\-style (audible)
-Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
-If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell. If set to
-\fBvisible\fP, readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
-If set to \fBaudible\fP, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
-.TP
-.B bind\-tty\-special\-chars (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline attempts to bind the control characters
-treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their readline
-equivalents.
-.TP
-.B colored\-stats (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline displays possible completions using different
-colors to indicate their file type.
-The color definitions are taken from the value of the \fBLS_COLORS\fP
-environment variable.
-.TP
-.B comment\-begin (``#'')
-The string that is inserted when the readline
-.B insert\-comment
-command is executed.
-This command is bound to
-.B M\-#
-in emacs mode and to
-.B #
-in vi command mode.
-.TP
-.B completion\-ignore\-case (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs filename matching and completion
-in a case\-insensitive fashion.
-.TP
-.B completion\-prefix\-display\-length (0)
-The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
-completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
-value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
-replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
-.TP
-.B completion\-query\-items (100)
-This determines when the user is queried about viewing
-the number of possible completions
-generated by the \fBpossible\-completions\fP command.
-It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to
-zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than
-or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether
-or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed
-on the terminal.
-.TP
-.B convert\-meta (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will convert characters with the
-eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence
-by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an
-escape character (in effect, using escape as the \fImeta prefix\fP).
-.TP
-.B disable\-completion (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
-characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
-mapped to \fBself-insert\fP.
-.TP
-.B editing\-mode (emacs)
-Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar
-to \fIEmacs\fP or \fIvi\fP.
-.B editing\-mode
-can be set to either
-.B emacs
-or
-.BR vi .
-.TP
-.B echo\-control\-characters (On)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, on operating systems that indicate they support it,
-readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
-keyboard.
-.TP
-.B enable\-keypad (Off)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable the application
-keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
-arrow keys.
-.TP
-.B enable\-meta\-key (On)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
-key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals,
-the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
-.TP
-.B expand\-tilde (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, tilde expansion is performed when readline
-attempts word completion.
-.TP
-.B history\-preserve\-point (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, the history code attempts to place point at the
-same location on each history line retrieved with \fBprevious-history\fP
-or \fBnext-history\fP.
-.TP
-.B history\-size (0)
-Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.
-If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries
-are saved.
-If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
-limited.
-By default, the number of history entries is not limited.
-.TP
-.B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, makes readline use a single line for display,
-scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
-becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line.
-.TP
-.B input\-meta (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is,
-it will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
-regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
-.B meta\-flag
-is a synonym for this variable.
-.TP
-.B isearch\-terminators (``C\-[C\-J'')
-The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
-search without subsequently executing the character as a command.
-If this variable has not been given a value, the characters
-\fIESC\fP and \fIC\-J\fP will terminate an incremental search.
-.TP
-.B keymap (emacs)
-Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names is
-\fIemacs, emacs\-standard, emacs\-meta, emacs\-ctlx, vi,
-vi\-command\fP, and
-.IR vi\-insert .
-\fIvi\fP is equivalent to \fIvi\-command\fP; \fIemacs\fP is
-equivalent to \fIemacs\-standard\fP. The default value is
-.IR emacs ;
-the value of
-.B editing\-mode
-also affects the default keymap.
-.TP
-.B keyseq\-timeout (500)
-Specifies the duration \fIreadline\fP will wait for a character when reading an
-ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using
-the input read so far, or can take additional input to complete a longer
-key sequence).
-If no input is received within the timeout, \fIreadline\fP will use the shorter
-but complete key sequence.
-The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
-\fIreadline\fP will wait one second for additional input.
-If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
-non-numeric value, \fIreadline\fP will wait until another key is pressed to
-decide which key sequence to complete.
-.TP
-.B mark\-directories (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, completed directory names have a slash
-appended.
-.TP
-.B mark\-modified\-lines (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, history lines that have been modified are displayed
-with a preceding asterisk (\fB*\fP).
-.TP
-.B mark\-symlinked\-directories (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, completed names which are symbolic links to directories
-have a slash appended (subject to the value of
-\fBmark\-directories\fP).
-.TP
-.B match\-hidden\-files (On)
-This variable, when set to \fBOn\fP, causes readline to match files whose
-names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing filename
-completion.
-If set to \fBOff\fP, the leading `.' must be
-supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
-.TP
-.B menu\-complete\-display\-prefix (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
-list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through
-the list.
-.TP
-.B output\-meta (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display characters with the
-eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
-sequence.
-.TP
-.B page\-completions (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline uses an internal \fImore\fP-like pager
-to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
-.TP
-.B print\-completions\-horizontally (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display completions with matches
-sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
-.TP
-.B revert\-all\-at\-newline (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will undo all changes to history lines
-before returning when \fBaccept\-line\fP is executed. By default,
-history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
-calls to \fBreadline\fP.
-.TP
-.B show\-all\-if\-ambiguous (Off)
-This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
-set to
-.BR On ,
-words which have more than one possible completion cause the
-matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
-.TP
-.B show\-all\-if\-unmodified (Off)
-This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
-a fashion similar to \fBshow\-all\-if\-ambiguous\fP.
-If set to
-.BR On ,
-words which have more than one possible completion without any
-possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share
-a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead
-of ringing the bell.
-.TP
-.B show\-mode\-in\-prompt (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, add a character to the beginning of the prompt
-indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi command (:) or vi
-insertion (+).
-.TP
-.B skip\-completed\-text (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, this alters the default completion behavior when
-inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
-performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, readline
-does not insert characters from the completion that match characters
-after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word
-following the cursor are not duplicated.
-.TP
-.B visible\-stats (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, a character denoting a file's type as reported
-by \fIstat\fP(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible
-completions.
-.PD
-.SS "Readline Conditional Constructs"
-.PP
-Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
-compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
-bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
-of tests. There are four parser directives used.
-.IP \fB$if\fP
-The
-.B $if
-construct allows bindings to be made based on the
-editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
-readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
-no characters are required to isolate it.
-.RS
-.IP \fBmode\fP
-The \fBmode=\fP form of the \fB$if\fP directive is used to test
-whether readline is in emacs or vi mode.
-This may be used in conjunction
-with the \fBset keymap\fP command, for instance, to set bindings in
-the \fIemacs\-standard\fP and \fIemacs\-ctlx\fP keymaps only if
-readline is starting out in emacs mode.
-.IP \fBterm\fP
-The \fBterm=\fP form may be used to include terminal-specific
-key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the
-terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the
-.B =
-is tested against the both full name of the terminal and the portion
-of the terminal name before the first \fB\-\fP. This allows
-.I sun
-to match both
-.I sun
-and
-.IR sun\-cmd ,
-for instance.
-.IP \fBapplication\fP
-The \fBapplication\fP construct is used to include
-application-specific settings. Each program using the readline
-library sets the \fIapplication name\fP, and an initialization
-file can test for a particular value.
-This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
-a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a
-key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in \fBbash\fP:
-.sp 1
-.RS
-.nf
-\fB$if\fP Bash
-# Quote the current or previous word
-"\eC\-xq": "\eeb\e"\eef\e""
-\fB$endif\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.RE
-.IP \fB$endif\fP
-This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an
-\fB$if\fP command.
-.IP \fB$else\fP
-Commands in this branch of the \fB$if\fP directive are executed if
-the test fails.
-.IP \fB$include\fP
-This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
-and bindings from that file. For example, the following directive
-would read \fI/etc/inputrc\fP:
-.sp 1
-.RS
-.nf
-\fB$include\fP \^ \fI/etc/inputrc\fP
-.fi
-.RE
-.SS Searching
-.PP
-Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see
-.SM
-.B HISTORY
-below) for lines containing a specified string.
-There are two search modes:
-.I incremental
-and
-.IR non-incremental .
-.PP
-Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
-search string.
-As each character of the search string is typed, readline displays
-the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
-An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
-find the desired history entry.
-The characters present in the value of the \fBisearch-terminators\fP
-variable are used to terminate an incremental search.
-If that variable has not been assigned a value the Escape and
-Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
-Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
-line.
-When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
-search string becomes the current line.
-.PP
-To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
-Control-R as appropriate.
-This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
-entry matching the search string typed so far.
-Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate
-the search and execute that command.
-For instance, a \fInewline\fP will terminate the search and accept
-the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
-.PP
-Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two
-Control-Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a
-new search string, any remembered search string is used.
-.PP
-Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
-to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
-typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
-.SS "Readline Command Names"
-.PP
-The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
-key sequences to which they are bound.
-Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
-In the following descriptions, \fIpoint\fP refers to the current cursor
-position, and \fImark\fP refers to a cursor position saved by the
-\fBset\-mark\fP command.
-The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
-.SS Commands for Moving
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B beginning\-of\-line (C\-a)
-Move to the start of the current line.
-.TP
-.B end\-of\-line (C\-e)
-Move to the end of the line.
-.TP
-.B forward\-char (C\-f)
-Move forward a character.
-.TP
-.B backward\-char (C\-b)
-Move back a character.
-.TP
-.B forward\-word (M\-f)
-Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
-alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
-.TP
-.B backward\-word (M\-b)
-Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
-Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
-.TP
-.B shell\-forward\-word
-Move forward to the end of the next word.
-Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
-.TP
-.B shell\-backward\-word
-Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
-Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
-.TP
-.B clear\-screen (C\-l)
-Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
-With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
-screen.
-.TP
-.B redraw\-current\-line
-Refresh the current line.
-.PD
-.SS Commands for Manipulating the History
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B accept\-line (Newline, Return)
-Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is
-non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state of the
-.SM
-.B HISTCONTROL
-variable. If the line is a modified history
-line, then restore the history line to its original state.
-.TP
-.B previous\-history (C\-p)
-Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
-the list.
-.TP
-.B next\-history (C\-n)
-Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the
-list.
-.TP
-.B beginning\-of\-history (M\-<)
-Move to the first line in the history.
-.TP
-.B end\-of\-history (M\->)
-Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being
-entered.
-.TP
-.B reverse\-search\-history (C\-r)
-Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
-the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
-.TP
-.B forward\-search\-history (C\-s)
-Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
-the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
-.TP
-.B non\-incremental\-reverse\-search\-history (M\-p)
-Search backward through the history starting at the current line
-using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user.
-.TP
-.B non\-incremental\-forward\-search\-history (M\-n)
-Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for
-a string supplied by the user.
-.TP
-.B history\-search\-forward
-Search forward through the history for the string of characters
-between the start of the current line and the point.
-This is a non-incremental search.
-.TP
-.B history\-search\-backward
-Search backward through the history for the string of characters
-between the start of the current line and the point.
-This is a non-incremental search.
-.TP
-.B yank\-nth\-arg (M\-C\-y)
-Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
-the second word on the previous line) at point.
-With an argument
-.IR n ,
-insert the \fIn\fPth word from the previous command (the words
-in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
-inserts the \fIn\fPth word from the end of the previous command.
-Once the argument \fIn\fP is computed, the argument is extracted
-as if the "!\fIn\fP" history expansion had been specified.
-.TP
-.B
-yank\-last\-arg (M\-.\^, M\-_\^)
-Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of
-the previous history entry).
-With a numeric argument, behave exactly like \fByank\-nth\-arg\fP.
-Successive calls to \fByank\-last\-arg\fP move back through the history
-list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to
-the first call) of each line in turn.
-Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines
-the direction to move through the history. A negative argument switches
-the direction through the history (back or forward).
-The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word,
-as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified.
-.TP
-.B shell\-expand\-line (M\-C\-e)
-Expand the line as the shell does. This
-performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
-word expansions. See
-.SM
-.B HISTORY EXPANSION
-below for a description of history expansion.
-.TP
-.B history\-expand\-line (M\-^)
-Perform history expansion on the current line.
-See
-.SM
-.B HISTORY EXPANSION
-below for a description of history expansion.
-.TP
-.B magic\-space
-Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space.
-See
-.SM
-.B HISTORY EXPANSION
-below for a description of history expansion.
-.TP
-.B alias\-expand\-line
-Perform alias expansion on the current line.
-See
-.SM
-.B ALIASES
-above for a description of alias expansion.
-.TP
-.B history\-and\-alias\-expand\-line
-Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
-.TP
-.B insert\-last\-argument (M\-.\^, M\-_\^)
-A synonym for \fByank\-last\-arg\fP.
-.TP
-.B operate\-and\-get\-next (C\-o)
-Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
-relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
-argument is ignored.
-.TP
-.B edit\-and\-execute\-command (C\-xC\-e)
-Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
-commands.
-\fBBash\fP attempts to invoke
-.SM
-.BR $VISUAL ,
-.SM
-.BR $EDITOR ,
-and \fIemacs\fP as the editor, in that order.
-.PD
-.SS Commands for Changing Text
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B delete\-char (C\-d)
-Delete the character at point. If point is at the
-beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
-the last character typed was not bound to \fBdelete\-char\fP,
-then return
-.SM
-.BR EOF .
-.TP
-.B backward\-delete\-char (Rubout)
-Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument,
-save the deleted text on the kill ring.
-.TP
-.B forward\-backward\-delete\-char
-Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
-end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
-deleted.
-.TP
-.B quoted\-insert (C\-q, C\-v)
-Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
-how to insert characters like \fBC\-q\fP, for example.
-.TP
-.B tab\-insert (C\-v TAB)
-Insert a tab character.
-.TP
-.B self\-insert (a,\ b,\ A,\ 1,\ !,\ ...)
-Insert the character typed.
-.TP
-.B transpose\-chars (C\-t)
-Drag the character before point forward over the character at point,
-moving point forward as well.
-If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes
-the two characters before point.
-Negative arguments have no effect.
-.TP
-.B transpose\-words (M\-t)
-Drag the word before point past the word after point,
-moving point over that word as well.
-If point is at the end of the line, this transposes
-the last two words on the line.
-.TP
-.B upcase\-word (M\-u)
-Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
-uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
-.TP
-.B downcase\-word (M\-l)
-Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
-lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
-.TP
-.B capitalize\-word (M\-c)
-Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
-capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
-.TP
-.B overwrite\-mode
-Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
-switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
-argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
-\fBemacs\fP mode; \fBvi\fP mode does overwrite differently.
-Each call to \fIreadline()\fP starts in insert mode.
-In overwrite mode, characters bound to \fBself\-insert\fP replace
-the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right.
-Characters bound to \fBbackward\-delete\-char\fP replace the character
-before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound.
-.PD
-.SS Killing and Yanking
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B kill\-line (C\-k)
-Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
-.TP
-.B backward\-kill\-line (C\-x Rubout)
-Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
-.TP
-.B unix\-line\-discard (C\-u)
-Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line.
-The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
-.\" There is no real difference between this and backward-kill-line
-.TP
-.B kill\-whole\-line
-Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
-.TP
-.B kill\-word (M\-d)
-Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
-words, to the end of the next word.
-Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBforward\-word\fP.
-.TP
-.B backward\-kill\-word (M\-Rubout)
-Kill the word behind point.
-Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBbackward\-word\fP.
-.TP
-.B shell\-kill\-word (M\-d)
-Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
-words, to the end of the next word.
-Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBshell\-forward\-word\fP.
-.TP
-.B shell\-backward\-kill\-word (M\-Rubout)
-Kill the word behind point.
-Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBshell\-backward\-word\fP.
-.TP
-.B unix\-word\-rubout (C\-w)
-Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
-The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
-.TP
-.B unix\-filename\-rubout
-Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
-as the word boundaries.
-The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
-.TP
-.B delete\-horizontal\-space (M\-\e)
-Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
-.TP
-.B kill\-region
-Kill the text in the current region.
-.TP
-.B copy\-region\-as\-kill
-Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
-.TP
-.B copy\-backward\-word
-Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
-The word boundaries are the same as \fBbackward\-word\fP.
-.TP
-.B copy\-forward\-word
-Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
-The word boundaries are the same as \fBforward\-word\fP.
-.TP
-.B yank (C\-y)
-Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
-.TP
-.B yank\-pop (M\-y)
-Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works following
-.B yank
-or
-.BR yank\-pop .
-.PD
-.SS Numeric Arguments
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B digit\-argument (M\-0, M\-1, ..., M\-\-)
-Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
-argument. M\-\- starts a negative argument.
-.TP
-.B universal\-argument
-This is another way to specify an argument.
-If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
-leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
-If the command is followed by digits, executing
-.B universal\-argument
-again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.
-As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a
-character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count
-for the next command is multiplied by four.
-The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the
-first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
-argument count sixteen, and so on.
-.PD
-.SS Completing
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B complete (TAB)
-Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
-.B Bash
-attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
-text begins with \fB$\fP), username (if the text begins with
-\fB~\fP), hostname (if the text begins with \fB@\fP), or
-command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none
-of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
-.TP
-.B possible\-completions (M\-?)
-List the possible completions of the text before point.
-.TP
-.B insert\-completions (M\-*)
-Insert all completions of the text before point
-that would have been generated by
-\fBpossible\-completions\fP.
-.TP
-.B menu\-complete
-Similar to \fBcomplete\fP, but replaces the word to be completed
-with a single match from the list of possible completions.
-Repeated execution of \fBmenu\-complete\fP steps through the list
-of possible completions, inserting each match in turn.
-At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung
-(subject to the setting of \fBbell\-style\fP)
-and the original text is restored.
-An argument of \fIn\fP moves \fIn\fP positions forward in the list
-of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward
-through the list.
-This command is intended to be bound to \fBTAB\fP, but is unbound
-by default.
-.TP
-.B menu\-complete\-backward
-Identical to \fBmenu\-complete\fP, but moves backward through the list
-of possible completions, as if \fBmenu\-complete\fP had been given a
-negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
-.TP
-.B delete\-char\-or\-list
-Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
-end of the line (like \fBdelete\-char\fP).
-If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
-\fBpossible\-completions\fP.
-This command is unbound by default.
-.TP
-.B complete\-filename (M\-/)
-Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
-.TP
-.B possible\-filename\-completions (C\-x /)
-List the possible completions of the text before point,
-treating it as a filename.
-.TP
-.B complete\-username (M\-~)
-Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
-it as a username.
-.TP
-.B possible\-username\-completions (C\-x ~)
-List the possible completions of the text before point,
-treating it as a username.
-.TP
-.B complete\-variable (M\-$)
-Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
-it as a shell variable.
-.TP
-.B possible\-variable\-completions (C\-x $)
-List the possible completions of the text before point,
-treating it as a shell variable.
-.TP
-.B complete\-hostname (M\-@)
-Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
-it as a hostname.
-.TP
-.B possible\-hostname\-completions (C\-x @)
-List the possible completions of the text before point,
-treating it as a hostname.
-.TP
-.B complete\-command (M\-!)
-Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
-it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
-match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
-functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames,
-in that order.
-.TP
-.B possible\-command\-completions (C\-x !)
-List the possible completions of the text before point,
-treating it as a command name.
-.TP
-.B dynamic\-complete\-history (M\-TAB)
-Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
-the text against lines from the history list for possible
-completion matches.
-.TP
-.B dabbrev\-expand
-Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
-the text against lines from the history list for possible
-completion matches.
-.TP
-.B complete\-into\-braces (M\-{)
-Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
-enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see
-.B Brace Expansion
-above).
-.PD
-.SS Keyboard Macros
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B start\-kbd\-macro (C\-x (\^)
-Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
-.TP
-.B end\-kbd\-macro (C\-x )\^)
-Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
-and store the definition.
-.TP
-.B call\-last\-kbd\-macro (C\-x e)
-Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
-in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
-.B print\-last\-kbd\-macro ()
-Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
-\fIinputrc\fP file.
-.PD
-.SS Miscellaneous
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B re\-read\-init\-file (C\-x C\-r)
-Read in the contents of the \fIinputrc\fP file, and incorporate
-any bindings or variable assignments found there.
-.TP
-.B abort (C\-g)
-Abort the current editing command and
-ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
-.BR bell\-style ).
-.TP
-.B do\-uppercase\-version (M\-a, M\-b, M\-\fIx\fP, ...)
-If the metafied character \fIx\fP is lowercase, run the command
-that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
-.TP
-.B prefix\-meta (ESC)
-Metafy the next character typed.
-.SM
-.B ESC
-.B f
-is equivalent to
-.BR Meta\-f .
-.TP
-.B undo (C\-_, C\-x C\-u)
-Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
-.TP
-.B revert\-line (M\-r)
-Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
-.B undo
-command enough times to return the line to its initial state.
-.TP
-.B tilde\-expand (M\-&)
-Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
-.TP
-.B set\-mark (C\-@, M\-<space>)
-Set the mark to the point. If a
-numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
-.TP
-.B exchange\-point\-and\-mark (C\-x C\-x)
-Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
-the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
-.TP
-.B character\-search (C\-])
-A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
-character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
-.TP
-.B character\-search\-backward (M\-C\-])
-A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that
-character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences.
-.TP
-.B skip\-csi\-sequence
-Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
-defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a
-Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC\-[. If this sequence is
-bound to "\e[", keys producing such sequences will have no effect
-unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting
-stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default,
-but usually bound to ESC\-[.
-.TP
-.B insert\-comment (M\-#)
-Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline
-.B comment\-begin
-variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
-If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
-the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
-of \fBcomment\-begin\fP, the value is inserted, otherwise
-the characters in \fBcomment\-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of
-the line.
-In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
-The default value of
-\fBcomment\-begin\fP causes this command to make the current line
-a shell comment.
-If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line
-will be executed by the shell.
-.TP
-.B glob\-complete\-word (M\-g)
-The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
-with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
-generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions.
-.TP
-.B glob\-expand\-word (C\-x *)
-The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
-and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replacing the word.
-If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
-pathname expansion.
-.TP
-.B glob\-list\-expansions (C\-x g)
-The list of expansions that would have been generated by
-.B glob\-expand\-word
-is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
-If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
-pathname expansion.
-.TP
-.B dump\-functions
-Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
-readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
-the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
-of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
-.TP
-.B dump\-variables
-Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to the
-readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
-the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
-of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
-.TP
-.B dump\-macros
-Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
-strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
-the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
-of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
-.TP
-.B display\-shell\-version (C\-x C\-v)
-Display version information about the current instance of
-.BR bash .
-.PD
-.SS Programmable Completion
-.PP
-When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
-which a completion specification (a \fIcompspec\fP) has been defined
-using the \fBcomplete\fP builtin (see
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below), the programmable completion facilities are invoked.
-.PP
-First, the command name is identified.
-If the command word is the empty string (completion attempted at the
-beginning of an empty line), any compspec defined with
-the \fB\-E\fP option to \fBcomplete\fP is used.
-If a compspec has been defined for that command, the
-compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word.
-If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full
-pathname is searched for first.
-If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to
-find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
-If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with
-the \fB\-D\fP option to \fBcomplete\fP is used as the default.
-.PP
-Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
-matching words.
-If a compspec is not found, the default \fBbash\fP completion as
-described above under \fBCompleting\fP is performed.
-.PP
-First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.
-Only matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are
-returned.
-When the
-.B \-f
-or
-.B \-d
-option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell
-variable
-.SM
-.B FIGNORE
-is used to filter the matches.
-.PP
-Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the
-\fB\-G\fP option are generated next.
-The words generated by the pattern need not match the word
-being completed.
-The
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the
-.SM
-.B FIGNORE
-variable is used.
-.PP
-Next, the string specified as the argument to the \fB\-W\fP option
-is considered.
-The string is first split using the characters in the
-.SM
-.B IFS
-special variable as delimiters.
-Shell quoting is honored.
-Each word is then expanded using
-brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
-as described above under
-.SM
-.BR EXPANSION .
-The results are split using the rules described above under
-\fBWord Splitting\fP.
-The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being
-completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
-.PP
-After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
-specified with the \fB\-F\fP and \fB\-C\fP options is invoked.
-When the command or function is invoked, the
-.SM
-.BR COMP_LINE ,
-.SM
-.BR COMP_POINT ,
-.SM
-.BR COMP_KEY ,
-and
-.SM
-.B COMP_TYPE
-variables are assigned values as described above under
-\fBShell Variables\fP.
-If a shell function is being invoked, the
-.SM
-.B COMP_WORDS
-and
-.SM
-.B COMP_CWORD
-variables are also set.
-When the function or command is invoked,
-the first argument (\fB$1\fP) is the name of the command whose arguments are
-being completed,
-the second argument (\fB$2\fP) is the word being completed,
-and the third argument (\fB$3\fP) is the word preceding the word being
-completed on the current command line.
-No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed
-is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating
-the matches.
-.PP
-Any function specified with \fB\-F\fP is invoked first.
-The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the
-\fBcompgen\fP builtin described below, to generate the matches.
-It must put the possible completions in the
-.SM
-.B COMPREPLY
-array variable, one per array element.
-.PP
-Next, any command specified with the \fB\-C\fP option is invoked
-in an environment equivalent to command substitution.
-It should print a list of completions, one per line, to the
-standard output.
-Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary.
-.PP
-After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter
-specified with the \fB\-X\fP option is applied to the list.
-The filter is a pattern as used for pathname expansion; a \fB&\fP
-in the pattern is replaced with the text of the word being completed.
-A literal \fB&\fP may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash
-is removed before attempting a match.
-Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
-A leading \fB!\fP negates the pattern; in this case any completion
-not matching the pattern will be removed.
-.PP
-Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the \fB\-P\fP and \fB\-S\fP
-options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is
-returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible
-completions.
-.PP
-If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
-\fB\-o dirnames\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the
-compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted.
-.PP
-If the \fB\-o plusdirs\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the
-compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any
-matches are added to the results of the other actions.
-.PP
-By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
-to the completion code as the full set of possible completions.
-The default \fBbash\fP completions are not attempted, and the readline
-default of filename completion is disabled.
-If the \fB\-o bashdefault\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when
-the compspec was defined, the \fBbash\fP default completions are attempted
-if the compspec generates no matches.
-If the \fB\-o default\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the
-compspec was defined, readline's default completion will be performed
-if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default \fBbash\fP completions)
-generate no matches.
-.PP
-When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
-the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
-to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
-the value of the \fBmark\-directories\fP readline variable, regardless
-of the setting of the \fBmark-symlinked\-directories\fP readline variable.
-.PP
-There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
-most useful when used in combination with a default completion specified
-with \fBcomplete -D\fP.
-It's possible for shell functions executed as completion
-handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by returning an
-exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes
-the compspec associated with the command on which completion is being
-attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed),
-programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
-attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
-completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than
-being loaded all at once.
-.PP
-For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept in a
-file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default
-completion function would load completions dynamically:
-.PP
-\f(CW_completion_loader()
-.br
-{
-.br
- . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
-.br
-}
-.br
-complete -D -F _completion_loader
-.br
-\fP
-.SH HISTORY
-When the
-.B \-o history
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the
-\fIcommand history\fP,
-the list of commands previously typed.
-The value of the
-.SM
-.B HISTSIZE
-variable is used as the
-number of commands to save in a history list.
-The text of the last
-.SM
-.B HISTSIZE
-commands (default 500) is saved. The shell
-stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and
-variable expansion (see
-.SM
-.B EXPANSION
-above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the
-values of the shell variables
-.SM
-.B HISTIGNORE
-and
-.SM
-.BR HISTCONTROL .
-.PP
-On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by
-the variable
-.SM
-.B HISTFILE
-(default \fI~/.bash_history\fP).
-The file named by the value of
-.SM
-.B HISTFILE
-is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than
-the number of lines specified by the value of
-.SM
-.BR HISTFILESIZE .
-If \fBHISTFILESIZE\fP is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value,
-or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
-When the history file is read,
-lines beginning with the history comment character followed immediately
-by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the preceding history line.
-These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the value of the
-.SM
-.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
-variable.
-When a shell with history enabled exits, the last
-.SM
-.B $HISTSIZE
-lines are copied from the history list to
-.SM
-.BR $HISTFILE .
-If the
-.B histappend
-shell option is enabled
-(see the description of
-.B shopt
-under
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-below), the lines are appended to the history file,
-otherwise the history file is overwritten.
-If
-.SM
-.B HISTFILE
-is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
-not saved.
-If the
-.SM
-.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
-variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked
-with the history comment character, so
-they may be preserved across shell sessions.
-This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
-other history lines.
-After saving the history, the history file is truncated
-to contain no more than
-.SM
-.B HISTFILESIZE
-lines. If
-.SM
-.B HISTFILESIZE
-is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value,
-or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
-.PP
-The builtin command
-.B fc
-(see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of
-the history list.
-The
-.B history
-builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
-manipulate the history file.
-When using command-line editing, search commands
-are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
-history list.
-.PP
-The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
-list. The
-.SM
-.B HISTCONTROL
-and
-.SM
-.B HISTIGNORE
-variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the
-commands entered.
-The
-.B cmdhist
-shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each
-line of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding
-semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic correctness.
-The
-.B lithist
-shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
-instead of semicolons. See the description of the
-.B shopt
-builtin below under
-.SM
-.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
-.SH "HISTORY EXPANSION"
-.PP
-The shell supports a history expansion feature that
-is similar to the history expansion in
-.BR csh.
-This section describes what syntax features are available. This
-feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be
-disabled using the
-.B +H
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin command (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
-below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion
-by default.
-.PP
-History expansions introduce words from the history list into
-the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the
-arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or
-fix errors in previous commands quickly.
-.PP
-History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line
-is read, before the shell breaks it into words.
-It takes place in two parts.
-The first is to determine which line from the history list
-to use during substitution.
-The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into
-the current one.
-The line selected from the history is the \fIevent\fP,
-and the portions of that line that are acted upon are \fIwords\fP.
-Various \fImodifiers\fP are available to manipulate the selected words.
-The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when reading input,
-so that several \fImetacharacter\fP-separated words surrounded by
-quotes are considered one word.
-History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the
-history expansion character, which is \^\fB!\fP\^ by default.
-Only backslash (\^\fB\e\fP\^) and single quotes can quote
-the history expansion character.
-.PP
-Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately
-following the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted:
-space, tab, newline, carriage return, and \fB=\fP.
-If the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled, \fB(\fP will also
-inhibit expansion.
-.PP
-Several shell options settable with the
-.B shopt
-builtin may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion.
-If the
-.B histverify
-shell option is enabled (see the description of the
-.B shopt
-builtin below), and
-.B readline
-is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
-the shell parser.
-Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the
-.B readline
-editing buffer for further modification.
-If
-.B readline
-is being used, and the
-.B histreedit
-shell option is enabled, a failed history substitution will be reloaded
-into the
-.B readline
-editing buffer for correction.
-The
-.B \-p
-option to the
-.B history
-builtin command may be used to see what a history expansion will
-do before using it.
-The
-.B \-s
-option to the
-.B history
-builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history list
-without actually executing them, so that they are available for
-subsequent recall.
-.PP
-The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
-history expansion mechanism (see the description of
-.B histchars
-above under
-.BR "Shell Variables" ).
-The shell uses
-the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
-writing the history file.
-.SS Event Designators
-.PP
-An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
-history list.
-Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current
-position in the history list.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B !
-Start a history substitution, except when followed by a
-.BR blank ,
-newline, carriage return, =
-or ( (when the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using
-the \fBshopt\fP builtin).
-.TP
-.B !\fIn\fR
-Refer to command line
-.IR n .
-.TP
-.B !\-\fIn\fR
-Refer to the current command minus
-.IR n .
-.TP
-.B !!
-Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!\-1'.
-.TP
-.B !\fIstring\fR
-Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the
-history list starting with
-.IR string .
-.TP
-.B !?\fIstring\fR\fB[?]\fR
-Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the
-history list containing
-.IR string .
-The trailing \fB?\fP may be omitted if
-.I string
-is followed immediately by a newline.
-.TP
-.B \d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u
-Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
-.I string1
-with
-.IR string2 .
-Equivalent to
-``!!:s/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/''
-(see \fBModifiers\fP below).
-.TP
-.B !#
-The entire command line typed so far.
-.PD
-.SS Word Designators
-.PP
-Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
-A
-.B :
-separates the event specification from the word designator.
-It may be omitted if the word designator begins with a
-.BR ^ ,
-.BR $ ,
-.BR * ,
-.BR \- ,
-or
-.BR % .
-Words are numbered from the beginning of the line,
-with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero).
-Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0 (zero)
-The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command
-word.
-.TP
-.I n
-The \fIn\fRth word.
-.TP
-.B ^
-The first argument. That is, word 1.
-.TP
-.B $
-The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the
-zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
-.TP
-.B %
-The word matched by the most recent `?\fIstring\fR?' search.
-.TP
-.I x\fB\-\fPy
-A range of words; `\-\fIy\fR' abbreviates `0\-\fIy\fR'.
-.TP
-.B *
-All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym
-for `\fI1\-$\fP'. It is not an error to use
-.B *
-if there is just one
-word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case.
-.TP
-.B x*
-Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP.
-.TP
-.B x\-
-Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP like \fBx*\fP, but omits the last word.
-.PD
-.PP
-If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
-previous command is used as the event.
-.SS Modifiers
-.PP
-After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of
-one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.PP
-.TP
-.B h
-Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
-.TP
-.B t
-Remove all leading filename components, leaving the tail.
-.TP
-.B r
-Remove a trailing suffix of the form \fI.xxx\fP, leaving the
-basename.
-.TP
-.B e
-Remove all but the trailing suffix.
-.TP
-.B p
-Print the new command but do not execute it.
-.TP
-.B q
-Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
-.TP
-.B x
-Quote the substituted words as with
-.BR q ,
-but break into words at
-.B blanks
-and newlines.
-.TP
-.B s/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/
-Substitute
-.I new
-for the first occurrence of
-.I old
-in the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The
-final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the
-event line. The delimiter may be quoted in
-.I old
-and
-.I new
-with a single backslash. If & appears in
-.IR new ,
-it is replaced by
-.IR old .
-A single backslash will quote the &. If
-.I old
-is null, it is set to the last
-.I old
-substituted, or, if no previous history substitutions took place,
-the last
-.I string
-in a
-.B !?\fIstring\fR\fB[?]\fR
-search.
-.TP
-.B &
-Repeat the previous substitution.
-.TP
-.B g
-Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
-used in conjunction with `\fB:s\fP' (e.g., `\fB:gs/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/\fR')
-or `\fB:&\fP'. If used with
-`\fB:s\fP', any delimiter can be used
-in place of /, and the final delimiter is optional
-if it is the last character of the event line.
-An \fBa\fP may be used as a synonym for \fBg\fP.
-.TP
-.B G
-Apply the following `\fBs\fP' modifier once to each word in the event line.
-.PD
-.SH "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
-.\" start of bash_builtins
-.zZ
-.PP
-Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this
-section as accepting options preceded by
-.B \-
-accepts
-.B \-\-
-to signify the end of the options.
-The \fB:\fP, \fBtrue\fP, \fBfalse\fP, and \fBtest\fP builtins
-do not accept options and do not treat \fB\-\-\fP specially.
-The \fBexit\fP, \fBlogout\fP, \fBbreak\fP, \fBcontinue\fP, \fBlet\fP,
-and \fBshift\fP builtins accept and process arguments beginning with
-\fB\-\fP without requiring \fB\-\-\fP.
-Other builtins that accept arguments but are not specified as accepting
-options interpret arguments beginning with \fB\-\fP as invalid options and
-require \fB\-\-\fP to prevent this interpretation.
-.sp .5
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fB:\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
-.PD
-No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding
-.I arguments
-and performing any specified
-redirections. A zero exit code is returned.
-.TP
-\fB .\| \fP \fIfilename\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBsource\fP \fIfilename\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
-.PD
-Read and execute commands from
-.I filename
-in the current
-shell environment and return the exit status of the last command
-executed from
-.IR filename .
-If
-.I filename
-does not contain a slash, filenames in
-.SM
-.B PATH
-are used to find the directory containing
-.IR filename .
-The file searched for in
-.SM
-.B PATH
-need not be executable.
-When \fBbash\fP is not in \fIposix mode\fP, the current directory is
-searched if no file is found in
-.SM
-.BR PATH .
-If the
-.B sourcepath
-option to the
-.B shopt
-builtin command is turned off, the
-.SM
-.B PATH
-is not searched.
-If any \fIarguments\fP are supplied, they become the positional
-parameters when \fIfilename\fP is executed. Otherwise the positional
-parameters are unchanged.
-The return status is the status of the last command exited within
-the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if
-.I filename
-is not found or cannot be read.
-.TP
-\fBalias\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
-\fBAlias\fP with no arguments or with the
-.B \-p
-option prints the list of aliases in the form
-\fBalias\fP \fIname\fP=\fIvalue\fP on standard output.
-When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for
-each \fIname\fP whose \fIvalue\fP is given.
-A trailing space in \fIvalue\fP causes the next word to be
-checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
-For each \fIname\fP in the argument list for which no \fIvalue\fP
-is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed.
-\fBAlias\fP returns true unless a \fIname\fP is given for which
-no alias has been defined.
-.TP
-\fBbg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP ...]
-Resume each suspended job \fIjobspec\fP in the background, as if it
-had been started with
-.BR & .
-If
-.I jobspec
-is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
-.B bg
-.I jobspec
-returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with
-job control enabled, any specified \fIjobspec\fP was not found
-or was started without job control.
-.TP
-\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] [\fB\-lpsvPSVX\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] [\fB\-q\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-r\fP \fIkeyseq\fP]
-.TP
-\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP
-.TP
-\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fB\-x\fP \fIkeyseq\fP:\fIshell\-command\fP
-.TP
-\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fIkeyseq\fP:\fIfunction\-name\fP
-.TP
-\fBbind\fP \fIreadline\-command\fP
-.PD
-Display current
-.B readline
-key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a
-.B readline
-function or macro, or set a
-.B readline
-variable.
-Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in
-.IR .inputrc ,
-but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
-e.g., '"\eC\-x\eC\-r": re\-read\-init\-file'.
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-m \fIkeymap\fP
-Use
-.I keymap
-as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings.
-Acceptable
-.I keymap
-names are
-\fIemacs, emacs\-standard, emacs\-meta, emacs\-ctlx, vi,
-vi\-move, vi\-command\fP, and
-.IR vi\-insert .
-\fIvi\fP is equivalent to \fIvi\-command\fP; \fIemacs\fP is
-equivalent to \fIemacs\-standard\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-l
-List the names of all \fBreadline\fP functions.
-.TP
-.B \-p
-Display \fBreadline\fP function names and bindings in such a way
-that they can be re-read.
-.TP
-.B \-P
-List current \fBreadline\fP function names and bindings.
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings
-they output in such a way that they can be re-read.
-.TP
-.B \-S
-Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings
-they output.
-.TP
-.B \-v
-Display \fBreadline\fP variable names and values in such a way that they
-can be re-read.
-.TP
-.B \-V
-List current \fBreadline\fP variable names and values.
-.TP
-.B \-f \fIfilename\fP
-Read key bindings from \fIfilename\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-q \fIfunction\fP
-Query about which keys invoke the named \fIfunction\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-u \fIfunction\fP
-Unbind all keys bound to the named \fIfunction\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-r \fIkeyseq\fP
-Remove any current binding for \fIkeyseq\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-x \fIkeyseq\fP:\fIshell\-command\fP
-Cause \fIshell\-command\fP to be executed whenever \fIkeyseq\fP is
-entered.
-When \fIshell\-command\fP is executed, the shell sets the
-.SM
-.B READLINE_LINE
-variable to the contents of the \fBreadline\fP line buffer and the
-.SM
-.B READLINE_POINT
-variable to the current location of the insertion point.
-If the executed command changes the value of
-.SM
-.B READLINE_LINE
-or
-.SM
-.BR READLINE_POINT ,
-those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
-.TP
-.B \-X
-List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
-in a format that can be reused as input.
-.PD
-.PP
-The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an
-error occurred.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBbreak\fP [\fIn\fP]
-Exit from within a
-.BR for ,
-.BR while ,
-.BR until ,
-or
-.B select
-loop. If \fIn\fP is specified, break \fIn\fP levels.
-.I n
-must be \(>= 1. If
-.I n
-is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops
-are exited.
-The return value is 0 unless \fIn\fP is not greater than or equal to 1.
-.TP
-\fBbuiltin\fP \fIshell\-builtin\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
-Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it
-.IR arguments ,
-and return its exit status.
-This is useful when defining a
-function whose name is the same as a shell builtin,
-retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function.
-The \fBcd\fP builtin is commonly redefined this way.
-The return status is false if
-.I shell\-builtin
-is not a shell builtin command.
-.TP
-\fBcaller\fP [\fIexpr\fP]
-Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
-a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins).
-Without \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP displays the line number and source
-filename of the current subroutine call.
-If a non-negative integer is supplied as \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP
-displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
-to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
-information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
-current frame is frame 0.
-The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
-call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
-call stack.
-.TP
-\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L\fP|[\fB\-P\fP [\fB\-e\fP]]] [\fIdir\fP]
-Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP.
-if \fIdir\fP is not supplied, the value of the
-.SM
-.B HOME
-shell variable is the default.
-Any additional arguments following \fIdir\fP are ignored.
-The variable
-.SM
-.B CDPATH
-defines the search path for the directory containing
-.IR dir :
-each directory name in
-.SM
-.B CDPATH
-is searched for \fIdir\fP.
-Alternative directory names in
-.SM
-.B CDPATH
-are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
-.SM
-.B CDPATH
-is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``\fB.\fP''. If
-.I dir
-begins with a slash (/),
-then
-.SM
-.B CDPATH
-is not used. The
-.B \-P
-option causes \fBcd\fP to use the physical directory structure
-by resolving symbolic links while traversing \fIdir\fP and
-before processing instances of \fI..\fP in \fIdir\fP (see also the
-.B \-P
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin command); the
-.B \-L
-option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving the link
-after processing instances of \fI..\fP in \fIdir\fP.
-If \fI..\fP appears in \fIdir\fP, it is processed by removing the
-immediately previous pathname component from \fIdir\fP, back to a slash
-or the beginning of \fIdir\fP.
-If the
-.B \-e
-option is supplied with
-.BR \-P ,
-and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
-after a successful directory change, \fBcd\fP will return an unsuccessful
-status.
-An argument of
-.B \-
-is converted to
-.SM
-.B $OLDPWD
-before the directory change is attempted.
-If a non-empty directory name from
-.SM
-.B CDPATH
-is used, or if
-\fB\-\fP is the first argument, and the directory change is
-successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
-written to the standard output.
-The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed;
-false otherwise.
-.TP
-\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-pVv\fP] \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
-Run
-.I command
-with
-.I args
-suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin
-commands or commands found in the
-.SM
-.B PATH
-are executed. If the
-.B \-p
-option is given, the search for
-.I command
-is performed using a default value for
-.SM
-.B PATH
-that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
-If either the
-.B \-V
-or
-.B \-v
-option is supplied, a description of
-.I command
-is printed. The
-.B \-v
-option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
-used to invoke
-.I command
-to be displayed; the
-.B \-V
-option produces a more verbose description.
-If the
-.B \-V
-or
-.B \-v
-option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if
-.I command
-was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and
-an error occurred or
-.I command
-cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the
-.B command
-builtin is the exit status of
-.IR command .
-.TP
-\fBcompgen\fP [\fIoption\fP] [\fIword\fP]
-Generate possible completion matches for \fIword\fP according to
-the \fIoption\fPs, which may be any option accepted by the
-.B complete
-builtin with the exception of \fB\-p\fP and \fB\-r\fP, and write
-the matches to the standard output.
-When using the \fB\-F\fP or \fB\-C\fP options, the various shell variables
-set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not
-have useful values.
-.sp 1
-The matches will be generated in the same way as if the programmable
-completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification
-with the same flags.
-If \fIword\fP is specified, only those completions matching \fIword\fP
-will be displayed.
-.sp 1
-The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
-matches were generated.
-.TP
-\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
-.br
-[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
-.PD
-Specify how arguments to each \fIname\fP should be completed.
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
-existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows
-them to be reused as input.
-The \fB\-r\fP option removes a completion specification for
-each \fIname\fP, or, if no \fIname\fPs are supplied, all
-completion specifications.
-The \fB\-D\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
-apply to the ``default'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
-on a command for which no completion has previously been defined.
-The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
-apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
-blank line.
-.sp 1
-The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
-is attempted is described above under \fBProgrammable Completion\fP.
-.sp 1
-Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
-The arguments to the \fB\-G\fP, \fB\-W\fP, and \fB\-X\fP options
-(and, if necessary, the \fB\-P\fP and \fB\-S\fP options)
-should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the
-.B complete
-builtin is invoked.
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP 8
-\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP
-The \fIcomp-option\fP controls several aspects of the compspec's behavior
-beyond the simple generation of completions.
-\fIcomp-option\fP may be one of:
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.B bashdefault
-Perform the rest of the default \fBbash\fP completions if the compspec
-generates no matches.
-.TP 8
-.B default
-Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates
-no matches.
-.TP 8
-.B dirnames
-Perform directory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.
-.TP 8
-.B filenames
-Tell readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any
-filename\-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names,
-quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
-Intended to be used with shell functions.
-.TP 8
-.B noquote
-Tell readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames
-(quoting filenames is the default).
-.TP 8
-.B nospace
-Tell readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at
-the end of the line.
-.TP 8
-.B plusdirs
-After any matches defined by the compspec are generated,
-directory name completion is attempted and any
-matches are added to the results of the other actions.
-.RE
-.TP 8
-\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP
-The \fIaction\fP may be one of the following to generate a list of possible
-completions:
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.B alias
-Alias names. May also be specified as \fB\-a\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B arrayvar
-Array variable names.
-.TP 8
-.B binding
-\fBReadline\fP key binding names.
-.TP 8
-.B builtin
-Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as \fB\-b\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B command
-Command names. May also be specified as \fB\-c\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B directory
-Directory names. May also be specified as \fB\-d\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B disabled
-Names of disabled shell builtins.
-.TP 8
-.B enabled
-Names of enabled shell builtins.
-.TP 8
-.B export
-Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as \fB\-e\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B file
-File names. May also be specified as \fB\-f\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B function
-Names of shell functions.
-.TP 8
-.B group
-Group names. May also be specified as \fB\-g\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B helptopic
-Help topics as accepted by the \fBhelp\fP builtin.
-.TP 8
-.B hostname
-Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the
-.SM
-.B HOSTFILE
-shell variable.
-.TP 8
-.B job
-Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as \fB\-j\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B keyword
-Shell reserved words. May also be specified as \fB\-k\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B running
-Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
-.TP 8
-.B service
-Service names. May also be specified as \fB\-s\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B setopt
-Valid arguments for the \fB\-o\fP option to the \fBset\fP builtin.
-.TP 8
-.B shopt
-Shell option names as accepted by the \fBshopt\fP builtin.
-.TP 8
-.B signal
-Signal names.
-.TP 8
-.B stopped
-Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
-.TP 8
-.B user
-User names. May also be specified as \fB\-u\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B variable
-Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as \fB\-v\fP.
-.RE
-.TP 8
-\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP
-\fIcommand\fP is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is
-used as the possible completions.
-.TP 8
-\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP
-The shell function \fIfunction\fP is executed in the current shell
-environment.
-When the function is executed,
-the first argument (\fB$1\fP) is the name of the command whose arguments are
-being completed,
-the second argument (\fB$2\fP) is the word being completed,
-and the third argument (\fB$3\fP) is the word preceding the word being
-completed on the current command line.
-When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value
-of the
-.SM
-.B COMPREPLY
-array variable.
-.TP 8
-\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP
-The pathname expansion pattern \fIglobpat\fP is expanded to generate
-the possible completions.
-.TP 8
-\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP
-\fIprefix\fP is added at the beginning of each possible completion
-after all other options have been applied.
-.TP 8
-\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP
-\fIsuffix\fP is appended to each possible completion
-after all other options have been applied.
-.TP 8
-\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP
-The \fIwordlist\fP is split using the characters in the
-.SM
-.B IFS
-special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded.
-The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which
-match the word being completed.
-.TP 8
-\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP
-\fIfilterpat\fP is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
-It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the
-preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching
-\fIfilterpat\fP is removed from the list.
-A leading \fB!\fP in \fIfilterpat\fP negates the pattern; in this
-case, any completion not matching \fIfilterpat\fP is removed.
-.PD
-.PP
-The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option
-other than \fB\-p\fP or \fB\-r\fP is supplied without a \fIname\fP
-argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for
-a \fIname\fP for which no specification exists, or
-an error occurs adding a completion specification.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP]
-Modify completion options for each \fIname\fP according to the
-\fIoption\fPs, or for the
-currently-executing completion if no \fIname\fPs are supplied.
-If no \fIoption\fPs are given, display the completion options for each
-\fIname\fP or the current completion.
-The possible values of \fIoption\fP are those valid for the \fBcomplete\fP
-builtin described above.
-The \fB\-D\fP option indicates that the remaining options should
-apply to the ``default'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
-on a command for which no completion has previously been defined.
-The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options should
-apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
-blank line.
-.sp 1
-The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
-is made to modify the options for a \fIname\fP for which no completion
-specification exists, or an output error occurs.
-.TP
-\fBcontinue\fP [\fIn\fP]
-Resume the next iteration of the enclosing
-.BR for ,
-.BR while ,
-.BR until ,
-or
-.B select
-loop.
-If
-.I n
-is specified, resume at the \fIn\fPth enclosing loop.
-.I n
-must be \(>= 1. If
-.I n
-is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop
-(the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed.
-The return value is 0 unless \fIn\fP is not greater than or equal to 1.
-.TP
-\fBdeclare\fP [\fB\-aAfFgilnrtux\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBtypeset\fP [\fB\-aAfFgilnrtux\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
-.PD
-Declare variables and/or give them attributes.
-If no \fIname\fPs are given then display the values of variables.
-The
-.B \-p
-option will display the attributes and values of each
-.IR name .
-When
-.B \-p
-is used with \fIname\fP arguments, additional options are ignored.
-When
-.B \-p
-is supplied without \fIname\fP arguments, it will display the attributes
-and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the
-additional options.
-If no other options are supplied with \fB\-p\fP, \fBdeclare\fP will display
-the attributes and values of all shell variables. The \fB\-f\fP option
-will restrict the display to shell functions.
-The
-.B \-F
-option inhibits the display of function definitions; only the
-function name and attributes are printed.
-If the \fBextdebug\fP shell option is enabled using \fBshopt\fP,
-the source file name and line number where the function is defined
-are displayed as well. The
-.B \-F
-option implies
-.BR \-f .
-The
-.B \-g
-option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope,
-even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell function.
-It is ignored in all other cases.
-The following options can
-be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or
-to give variables attributes:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-a
-Each \fIname\fP is an indexed array variable (see
-.B Arrays
-above).
-.TP
-.B \-A
-Each \fIname\fP is an associative array variable (see
-.B Arrays
-above).
-.TP
-.B \-f
-Use function names only.
-.TP
-.B \-i
-The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see
-.SM
-.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
-above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
-.TP
-.B \-l
-When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
-converted to lower-case.
-The upper-case attribute is disabled.
-.TP
-.B \-n
-Give each \fIname\fP the \fInameref\fP attribute, making
-it a name reference to another variable.
-That other variable is defined by the value of \fIname\fP.
-All references and assignments to \fIname\fP, except for changing the
-\fB\-n\fP attribute itself, are performed on the variable referenced by
-\fIname\fP's value.
-The \fB\-n\fP attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-.TP
-.B \-r
-Make \fIname\fPs readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
-by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-.TP
-.B \-t
-Give each \fIname\fP the \fItrace\fP attribute.
-Traced functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps from
-the calling shell.
-The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
-.TP
-.B \-u
-When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are
-converted to upper-case.
-The lower-case attribute is disabled.
-.TP
-.B \-x
-Mark \fIname\fPs for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
-.PD
-.PP
-Using `+' instead of `\-'
-turns off the attribute instead,
-with the exceptions that \fB+a\fP
-may not be used to destroy an array variable and \fB+r\fP will not
-remove the readonly attribute.
-When used in a function,
-.B declare
-and
-.B typeset
-make each
-\fIname\fP local, as with the
-.B local
-command,
-unless the \fB\-g\fP option is supplied.
-If a variable name is followed by =\fIvalue\fP, the value of
-the variable is set to \fIvalue\fP.
-The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
-an attempt is made to define a function using
-.if n ``\-f foo=bar'',
-.if t \f(CW\-f foo=bar\fP,
-an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
-an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
-using the compound assignment syntax (see
-.B Arrays
-above), one of the \fInames\fP is not a valid shell variable name,
-an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
-an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
-or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with \fB\-f\fP.
-.RE
-.TP
-.B dirs [\fB\-clpv\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
-Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.
-The default display is on a single line with directory names separated
-by spaces.
-Directories are added to the list with the
-.B pushd
-command; the
-.B popd
-command removes entries from the list.
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-c
-Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.
-.TP
-.B \-l
-Produces a listing using full pathnames;
-the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-.TP
-.B \-p
-Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
-.TP
-.B \-v
-Print the directory stack with one entry per line,
-prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
-.TP
-\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
-Displays the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list
-shown by
-.B dirs
-when invoked without options, starting with zero.
-.TP
-\fB\-\fP\fIn\fP
-Displays the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the right of the list
-shown by
-.B dirs
-when invoked without options, starting with zero.
-.PD
-.PP
-The return value is 0 unless an
-invalid option is supplied or \fIn\fP indexes beyond the end
-of the directory stack.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBdisown\fP [\fB\-ar\fP] [\fB\-h\fP] [\fIjobspec\fP ...]
-Without options, remove each
-.I jobspec
-from the table of active jobs.
-If
-.I jobspec
-is not present, and neither \fB\-a\fP nor \fB\-r\fP is supplied,
-the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
-If the \fB\-h\fP option is given, each
-.I jobspec
-is not removed from the table, but is marked so that
-.SM
-.B SIGHUP
-is not sent to the job if the shell receives a
-.SM
-.BR SIGHUP .
-If no
-.I jobspec
-is present, and neither the
-.B \-a
-nor the
-.B \-r
-option is supplied, the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
-If no
-.I jobspec
-is supplied, the
-.B \-a
-option means to remove or mark all jobs; the
-.B \-r
-option without a
-.I jobspec
-argument restricts operation to running jobs.
-The return value is 0 unless a
-.I jobspec
-does not specify a valid job.
-.TP
-\fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
-Output the \fIarg\fPs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
-The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs.
-If \fB\-n\fP is specified, the trailing newline is
-suppressed. If the \fB\-e\fP option is given, interpretation of
-the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. The
-.B \-E
-option disables the interpretation of these escape characters,
-even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
-The \fBxpg_echo\fP shell option may be used to
-dynamically determine whether or not \fBecho\fP expands these
-escape characters by default.
-.B echo
-does not interpret \fB\-\-\fP to mean the end of options.
-.B echo
-interprets the following escape sequences:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \ea
-alert (bell)
-.TP
-.B \eb
-backspace
-.TP
-.B \ec
-suppress further output
-.TP
-.B \ee
-.TP
-.B \eE
-an escape character
-.TP
-.B \ef
-form feed
-.TP
-.B \en
-new line
-.TP
-.B \er
-carriage return
-.TP
-.B \et
-horizontal tab
-.TP
-.B \ev
-vertical tab
-.TP
-.B \e\e
-backslash
-.TP
-.B \e0\fInnn\fP
-the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
-(zero to three octal digits)
-.TP
-.B \ex\fIHH\fP
-the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
-(one or two hex digits)
-.TP
-.B \eu\fIHHHH\fP
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-\fIHHHH\fP (one to four hex digits)
-.TP
-.B \eU\fIHHHHHHHH\fP
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-\fIHHHHHHHH\fP (one to eight hex digits)
-.PD
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBenable\fP [\fB\-a\fP] [\fB\-dnps\fP] [\fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
-Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
-Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
-as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
-even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
-If \fB\-n\fP is used, each \fIname\fP
-is disabled; otherwise,
-\fInames\fP are enabled. For example, to use the
-.B test
-binary found via the
-.SM
-.B PATH
-instead of the shell builtin version, run
-.if t \f(CWenable -n test\fP.
-.if n ``enable -n test''.
-The
-.B \-f
-option means to load the new builtin command
-.I name
-from shared object
-.IR filename ,
-on systems that support dynamic loading. The
-.B \-d
-option will delete a builtin previously loaded with
-.BR \-f .
-If no \fIname\fP arguments are given, or if the
-.B \-p
-option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed.
-With no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled
-shell builtins.
-If \fB\-n\fP is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed.
-If \fB\-a\fP is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an
-indication of whether or not each is enabled.
-If \fB\-s\fP is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX
-\fIspecial\fP builtins.
-The return value is 0 unless a
-.I name
-is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin
-from a shared object.
-.TP
-\fBeval\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
-The \fIarg\fPs are read and concatenated together into a single
-command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
-its exit status is returned as the value of
-.BR eval .
-If there are no
-.IR args ,
-or only null arguments,
-.B eval
-returns 0.
-.TP
-\fBexec\fP [\fB\-cl\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIname\fP] [\fIcommand\fP [\fIarguments\fP]]
-If
-.I command
-is specified, it replaces the shell.
-No new process is created. The
-.I arguments
-become the arguments to \fIcommand\fP.
-If the
-.B \-l
-option is supplied,
-the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to
-.IR command .
-This is what
-.IR login (1)
-does. The
-.B \-c
-option causes
-.I command
-to be executed with an empty environment. If
-.B \-a
-is supplied, the shell passes
-.I name
-as the zeroth argument to the executed command.
-If
-.I command
-cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
-unless the
-.B execfail
-shell option
-is enabled. In that case, it returns failure.
-An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
-If
-.I command
-is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell,
-and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the
-return status is 1.
-.TP
-\fBexit\fP [\fIn\fP]
-Cause the shell to exit
-with a status of \fIn\fP. If
-.I n
-is omitted, the exit status
-is that of the last command executed.
-A trap on
-.SM
-.B EXIT
-is executed before the shell terminates.
-.TP
-\fBexport\fP [\fB\-fn\fP\^] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP]] ...
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B export \-p
-.PD
-The supplied
-.I names
-are marked for automatic export to the environment of
-subsequently executed commands. If the
-.B \-f
-option is given,
-the
-.I names
-refer to functions.
-If no
-.I names
-are given, or if the
-.B \-p
-option is supplied, a list
-of names of all exported variables is printed.
-The
-.B \-n
-option causes the export property to be removed from each
-\fIname\fP.
-If a variable name is followed by =\fIword\fP, the value of
-the variable is set to \fIword\fP.
-.B export
-returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is
-encountered,
-one of the \fInames\fP is not a valid shell variable name, or
-.B \-f
-is supplied with a
-.I name
-that is not a function.
-.TP
-\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-lnr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBfc\fP \fB\-s\fP [\fIpat\fP=\fIrep\fP] [\fIcmd\fP]
-.PD
-The first form selects a range of commands from
-.I first
-to
-.I last
-from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes them.
-.I First
-and
-.I last
-may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
-with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list,
-where a negative number is used as an offset from the current
-command number). If
-.I last
-is not specified it is set to
-the current command for listing (so that
-.if n ``fc \-l \-10''
-.if t \f(CWfc \-l \-10\fP
-prints the last 10 commands) and to
-.I first
-otherwise.
-If
-.I first
-is not specified it is set to the previous
-command for editing and \-16 for listing.
-.sp 1
-The
-.B \-n
-option suppresses
-the command numbers when listing. The
-.B \-r
-option reverses the order of
-the commands. If the
-.B \-l
-option is given,
-the commands are listed on
-standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by
-.I ename
-is invoked
-on a file containing those commands. If
-.I ename
-is not given, the
-value of the
-.SM
-.B FCEDIT
-variable is used, and
-the value of
-.SM
-.B EDITOR
-if
-.SM
-.B FCEDIT
-is not set. If neither variable is set,
-.FN vi
-is used. When editing is complete, the edited commands are
-echoed and executed.
-.sp 1
-In the second form, \fIcommand\fP is re-executed after each instance
-of \fIpat\fP is replaced by \fIrep\fP.
-\fICommand\fP is intepreted the same as \fIfirst\fP above.
-A useful alias to use with this is
-.if n ``r="fc -s"'',
-.if t \f(CWr='fc \-s'\fP,
-so that typing
-.if n ``r cc''
-.if t \f(CWr cc\fP
-runs the last command beginning with
-.if n ``cc''
-.if t \f(CWcc\fP
-and typing
-.if n ``r''
-.if t \f(CWr\fP
-re-executes the last command.
-.sp 1
-If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an invalid
-option is encountered or
-.I first
-or
-.I last
-specify history lines out of range.
-If the
-.B \-e
-option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last
-command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary
-file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status
-is that of the command re-executed, unless
-.I cmd
-does not specify a valid history line, in which case
-.B fc
-returns failure.
-.TP
-\fBfg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP]
-Resume
-.I jobspec
-in the foreground, and make it the current job.
-If
-.I jobspec
-is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
-The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground,
-or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
-job control enabled, if
-.I jobspec
-does not specify a valid job or
-.I jobspec
-specifies a job that was started without job control.
-.TP
-\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIargs\fP]
-.B getopts
-is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.
-.I optstring
-contains the option characters to be recognized; if a character
-is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
-argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
-The colon and question mark characters may not be used as
-option characters.
-Each time it is invoked,
-.B getopts
-places the next option in the shell variable
-.IR name ,
-initializing
-.I name
-if it does not exist,
-and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
-variable
-.SM
-.BR OPTIND .
-.SM
-.B OPTIND
-is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
-is invoked. When an option requires an argument,
-.B getopts
-places that argument into the variable
-.SM
-.BR OPTARG .
-The shell does not reset
-.SM
-.B OPTIND
-automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple
-calls to
-.B getopts
-within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters
-is to be used.
-.sp 1
-When the end of options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
-return value greater than zero.
-.SM
-.B OPTIND
-is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
-and \fIname\fP is set to ?.
-.sp 1
-.B getopts
-normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
-given in
-.IR args ,
-.B getopts
-parses those instead.
-.sp 1
-.B getopts
-can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
-.I optstring
-is a colon,
-.I silent
-error reporting is used. In normal operation, diagnostic messages
-are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
-encountered.
-If the variable
-.SM
-.B OPTERR
-is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
-character of
-.I optstring
-is not a colon.
-.sp 1
-If an invalid option is seen,
-.B getopts
-places ? into
-.I name
-and, if not silent,
-prints an error message and unsets
-.SM
-.BR OPTARG .
-If
-.B getopts
-is silent,
-the option character found is placed in
-.SM
-.B OPTARG
-and no diagnostic message is printed.
-.sp 1
-If a required argument is not found, and
-.B getopts
-is not silent,
-a question mark (\^\fB?\fP\^) is placed in
-.IR name ,
-.SM
-.B OPTARG
-is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
-If
-.B getopts
-is silent, then a colon (\^\fB:\fP\^) is placed in
-.I name
-and
-.SM
-.B OPTARG
-is set to the option character found.
-.sp 1
-.B getopts
-returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found.
-It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an
-error occurs.
-.TP
-\fBhash\fP [\fB\-lr\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fB\-dt\fP] [\fIname\fP]
-Each time \fBhash\fP is invoked,
-the full pathname of the command
-.I name
-is determined by searching
-the directories in
-.B $PATH
-and remembered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded.
-If the
-.B \-p
-option is supplied, no path search is performed, and
-.I filename
-is used as the full filename of the command.
-The
-.B \-r
-option causes the shell to forget all
-remembered locations.
-The
-.B \-d
-option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each \fIname\fP.
-If the
-.B \-t
-option is supplied, the full pathname to which each \fIname\fP corresponds
-is printed. If multiple \fIname\fP arguments are supplied with \fB\-t\fP,
-the \fIname\fP is printed before the hashed full pathname.
-The
-.B \-l
-option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
-If no arguments are given, or if only \fB\-l\fP is supplied,
-information about remembered commands is printed.
-The return status is true unless a
-.I name
-is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
-.TP
-\fBhelp\fP [\fB\-dms\fP] [\fIpattern\fP]
-Display helpful information about builtin commands. If
-.I pattern
-is specified,
-.B help
-gives detailed help on all commands matching
-.IR pattern ;
-otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures
-is printed.
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-d
-Display a short description of each \fIpattern\fP
-.TP
-.B \-m
-Display the description of each \fIpattern\fP in a manpage-like format
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Display only a short usage synopsis for each \fIpattern\fP
-.PD
-.PP
-The return status is 0 unless no command matches
-.IR pattern .
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBhistory [\fIn\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBhistory\fP \fB\-c\fP
-.TP
-\fBhistory \-d\fP \fIoffset\fP
-.TP
-\fBhistory\fP \fB\-anrw\fP [\fIfilename\fP]
-.TP
-\fBhistory\fP \fB\-p\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg ...\fP]
-.TP
-\fBhistory\fP \fB\-s\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg ...\fP]
-.PD
-With no options, display the command
-history list with line numbers. Lines listed
-with a
-.B *
-have been modified. An argument of
-.I n
-lists only the last
-.I n
-lines.
-If the shell variable
-.SM
-.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
-is set and not null,
-it is used as a format string for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to display
-the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry.
-No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp
-and the history line.
-If \fIfilename\fP is supplied, it is used as the
-name of the history file; if not, the value of
-.SM
-.B HISTFILE
-is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-c
-Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-.TP
-\fB\-d\fP \fIoffset\fP
-Delete the history entry at position \fIoffset\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-a
-Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the
-beginning of the current \fBbash\fP session) to the history file.
-.TP
-.B \-n
-Read the history lines not already read from the history
-file into the current history list. These are lines
-appended to the history file since the beginning of the
-current \fBbash\fP session.
-.TP
-.B \-r
-Read the contents of the history file
-and append them to the current history list.
-.TP
-.B \-w
-Write the current history list to the history file, overwriting the
-history file's contents.
-.TP
-.B \-p
-Perform history substitution on the following \fIargs\fP and display
-the result on the standard output.
-Does not store the results in the history list.
-Each \fIarg\fP must be quoted to disable normal history expansion.
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Store the
-.I args
-in the history list as a single entry. The last command in the
-history list is removed before the
-.I args
-are added.
-.PD
-.PP
-If the
-.SM
-.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
-variable is set, the time stamp information
-associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
-marked with the history comment character.
-When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history
-comment character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted
-as timestamps for the previous history line.
-The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
-error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid
-\fIoffset\fP is supplied as an argument to \fB\-d\fP, or the
-history expansion supplied as an argument to \fB\-p\fP fails.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lnprs\fP] [ \fIjobspec\fP ... ]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBjobs\fP \fB\-x\fP \fIcommand\fP [ \fIargs\fP ... ]
-.PD
-The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the following
-meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-l
-List process IDs
-in addition to the normal information.
-.TP
-.B \-n
-Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
-the user was last notified of their status.
-.TP
-.B \-p
-List only the process ID of the job's process group
-leader.
-.TP
-.B \-r
-Display only running jobs.
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Display only stopped jobs.
-.PD
-.PP
-If
-.I jobspec
-is given, output is restricted to information about that job.
-The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered
-or an invalid
-.I jobspec
-is supplied.
-.PP
-If the
-.B \-x
-option is supplied,
-.B jobs
-replaces any
-.I jobspec
-found in
-.I command
-or
-.I args
-with the corresponding process group ID, and executes
-.I command
-passing it
-.IR args ,
-returning its exit status.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigspec\fP | \fB\-n\fP \fIsignum\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIsigspec\fP] [\fIpid\fP | \fIjobspec\fP] ...
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBkill\fP \fB\-l\fP [\fIsigspec\fP | \fIexit_status\fP]
-.PD
-Send the signal named by
-.I sigspec
-or
-.I signum
-to the processes named by
-.I pid
-or
-.IR jobspec .
-.I sigspec
-is either a case-insensitive signal name such as
-.SM
-.B SIGKILL
-(with or without the
-.SM
-.B SIG
-prefix) or a signal number;
-.I signum
-is a signal number.
-If
-.I sigspec
-is not present, then
-.SM
-.B SIGTERM
-is assumed.
-An argument of
-.B \-l
-lists the signal names.
-If any arguments are supplied when
-.B \-l
-is given, the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
-listed, and the return status is 0.
-The \fIexit_status\fP argument to
-.B \-l
-is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of
-a process terminated by a signal.
-.B kill
-returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false
-if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
-.TP
-\fBlet\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
-Each
-.I arg
-is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see
-.SM
-.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
-above).
-If the last
-.I arg
-evaluates to 0,
-.B let
-returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
-.TP
-\fBlocal\fP [\fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
-For each argument, a local variable named
-.I name
-is created, and assigned
-.IR value .
-The \fIoption\fP can be any of the options accepted by \fBdeclare\fP.
-When
-.B local
-is used within a function, it causes the variable
-.I name
-to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children.
-With no operands,
-.B local
-writes a list of local variables to the standard output. It is
-an error to use
-.B local
-when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
-.B local
-is used outside a function, an invalid
-.I name
-is supplied, or
-\fIname\fP is a readonly variable.
-.TP
-.B logout
-Exit a login shell.
-.TP
-\fBmapfile\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBreadarray\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
-.PD
-Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
-.IR array ,
-or from file descriptor
-.IR fd
-if the
-.B \-u
-option is supplied.
-The variable
-.SM
-.B MAPFILE
-is the default \fIarray\fP.
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-n
-Copy at most
-.I count
-lines. If \fIcount\fP is 0, all lines are copied.
-.TP
-.B \-O
-Begin assigning to
-.I array
-at index
-.IR origin .
-The default index is 0.
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Discard the first \fIcount\fP lines read.
-.TP
-.B \-t
-Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
-.TP
-.B \-u
-Read lines from file descriptor \fIfd\fP instead of the standard input.
-.TP
-.B \-C
-Evaluate
-.I callback
-each time \fIquantum\fP lines are read. The \fB\-c\fP option specifies
-.IR quantum .
-.TP
-.B \-c
-Specify the number of lines read between each call to
-.IR callback .
-.PD
-.PP
-If
-.B \-C
-is specified without
-.BR \-c ,
-the default quantum is 5000.
-When \fIcallback\fP is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
-array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element
-as additional arguments.
-\fIcallback\fP is evaluated after the line is read but before the
-array element is assigned.
-.PP
-If not supplied with an explicit origin, \fBmapfile\fP will clear \fIarray\fP
-before assigning to it.
-.PP
-\fBmapfile\fP returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
-argument is supplied, \fIarray\fP is invalid or unassignable, or if
-\fIarray\fP is not an indexed array.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBpopd\fP [\-\fBn\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
-Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
-removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a
-.B cd
-to the new top directory.
-Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-n
-Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
-from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
-.TP
-\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
-Removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list
-shown by
-.BR dirs ,
-starting with zero. For example:
-.if n ``popd +0''
-.if t \f(CWpopd +0\fP
-removes the first directory,
-.if n ``popd +1''
-.if t \f(CWpopd +1\fP
-the second.
-.TP
-\fB\-\fP\fIn\fP
-Removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the right of the list
-shown by
-.BR dirs ,
-starting with zero. For example:
-.if n ``popd -0''
-.if t \f(CWpopd -0\fP
-removes the last directory,
-.if n ``popd -1''
-.if t \f(CWpopd -1\fP
-the next to last.
-.PD
-.PP
-If the
-.B popd
-command is successful, a
-.B dirs
-is performed as well, and the return status is 0.
-.B popd
-returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack
-is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the
-directory change fails.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBprintf\fP [\fB\-v\fP \fIvar\fP] \fIformat\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
-Write the formatted \fIarguments\fP to the standard output under the
-control of the \fIformat\fP.
-The \fB\-v\fP option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
-\fIvar\fP rather than being printed to the standard output.
-.sp 1
-The \fIformat\fP is a character string which contains three types of objects:
-plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
-escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
-format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
-\fIargument\fP.
-In addition to the standard \fIprintf\fP(1) format specifications,
-\fBprintf\fP interprets the following extensions:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B %b
-causes
-\fBprintf\fP to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
-\fIargument\fP (except that \fB\ec\fP terminates output, backslashes in
-\fB\e\(aq\fP, \fB\e"\fP, and \fB\e?\fP are not removed, and octal escapes
-beginning with \fB\e0\fP may contain up to four digits).
-.TP
-.B %q
-causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding
-\fIargument\fP in a format that can be reused as shell input.
-.TP
-.B %(\fIdatefmt\fP)T
-causes \fBprintf\fP to output the date-time string resulting from using
-\fIdatefmt\fP as a format string for \fIstrftime\fP(3).
-The corresponding \fIargument\fP is an integer representing the number of
-seconds since the epoch.
-Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
-time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
-If no argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been given.
-This is an exception to the usual \fBprintf\fP behavior.
-.PD
-.PP
-Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C constants,
-except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading
-character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of
-the following character.
-.PP
-The \fIformat\fP is reused as necessary to consume all of the \fIarguments\fP.
-If the \fIformat\fP requires more \fIarguments\fP than are supplied, the
-extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
-appropriate, had been supplied.
-The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
-.PD
-Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
-the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
-directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
-and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
-Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-n
-Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
-to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
-.TP
-\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
-Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory
-(counting from the left of the list shown by
-.BR dirs ,
-starting with zero)
-is at the top.
-.TP
-\fB\-\fP\fIn\fP
-Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory
-(counting from the right of the list shown by
-.BR dirs ,
-starting with zero) is at the top.
-.TP
-.I dir
-Adds
-.I dir
-to the directory stack at the top, making it the
-new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument
-to the \fBcd\fP builtin.
-.PD
-.PP
-If the
-.B pushd
-command is successful, a
-.B dirs
-is performed as well.
-If the first form is used,
-.B pushd
-returns 0 unless the cd to
-.I dir
-fails. With the second form,
-.B pushd
-returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty,
-a non-existent directory stack element is specified,
-or the directory change to the specified new current directory
-fails.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBpwd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP]
-Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
-The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the
-.B \-P
-option is supplied or the
-.B \-o physical
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin command is enabled.
-If the
-.B \-L
-option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.
-The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
-reading the name of the current directory or an
-invalid option is supplied.
-.TP
-\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-i\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-N\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
-One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
-\fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word
-is assigned to the first
-.IR name ,
-the second word to the second
-.IR name ,
-and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
-to the last
-.IR name .
-If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
-the remaining names are assigned empty values.
-The characters in
-.SM
-.B IFS
-are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell
-uses for expansion (described above under \fBWord Splitting\fP).
-The backslash character (\fB\e\fP) may be used to remove any special
-meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-a \fIaname\fP
-The words are assigned to sequential indices
-of the array variable
-.IR aname ,
-starting at 0.
-.I aname
-is unset before any new values are assigned.
-Other \fIname\fP arguments are ignored.
-.TP
-.B \-d \fIdelim\fP
-The first character of \fIdelim\fP is used to terminate the input line,
-rather than newline.
-.TP
-.B \-e
-If the standard input
-is coming from a terminal,
-.B readline
-(see
-.SM
-.B READLINE
-above) is used to obtain the line.
-Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
-active) editing settings.
-.TP
-.B \-i \fItext\fP
-If
-.B readline
-is being used to read the line, \fItext\fP is placed into the editing
-buffer before editing begins.
-.TP
-.B \-n \fInchars\fP
-\fBread\fP returns after reading \fInchars\fP characters rather than
-waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delimiter if fewer
-than \fInchars\fP characters are read before the delimiter.
-.TP
-.B \-N \fInchars\fP
-\fBread\fP returns after reading exactly \fInchars\fP characters rather
-than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-\fBread\fP times out.
-Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
-not treated specially and do not cause \fBread\fP to return until
-\fInchars\fP characters are read.
-.TP
-.B \-p \fIprompt\fP
-Display \fIprompt\fP on standard error, without a
-trailing newline, before attempting to read any input. The prompt
-is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-.TP
-.B \-r
-Backslash does not act as an escape character.
-The backslash is considered to be part of the line.
-In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
-continuation.
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are
-not echoed.
-.TP
-.B \-t \fItimeout\fP
-Cause \fBread\fP to time out and return failure if a complete line of
-input (or a specified number of characters)
-is not read within \fItimeout\fP seconds.
-\fItimeout\fP may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
-the decimal point.
-This option is only effective if \fBread\fP is reading input from a
-terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
-from regular files.
-If \fBread\fP times out, \fBread\fP saves any partial input read into
-the specified variable \fIname\fP.
-If \fItimeout\fP is 0, \fBread\fP returns immediately, without trying to
-read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
-The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-.TP
-.B \-u \fIfd\fP
-Read input from file descriptor \fIfd\fP.
-.PD
-.PP
-If no
-.I names
-are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable
-.SM
-.BR REPLY .
-The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, \fBread\fP
-times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128),
-a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs,
-or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to \fB\-u\fP.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-aAf\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...]
-.PD
-The given
-\fInames\fP are marked readonly; the values of these
-.I names
-may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
-If the
-.B \-f
-option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the
-\fInames\fP are so
-marked.
-The
-.B \-a
-option restricts the variables to indexed arrays; the
-.B \-A
-option restricts the variables to associative arrays.
-If both options are supplied,
-.B \-A
-takes precedence.
-If no
-.I name
-arguments are given, or if the
-.B \-p
-option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
-The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of
-the set of readonly names.
-The
-.B \-p
-option causes output to be displayed in a format that
-may be reused as input.
-If a variable name is followed by =\fIword\fP, the value of
-the variable is set to \fIword\fP.
-The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
-one of the
-.I names
-is not a valid shell variable name, or
-.B \-f
-is supplied with a
-.I name
-that is not a function.
-.TP
-\fBreturn\fP [\fIn\fP]
-Causes a function to stop executing and return the value specified by
-.I n
-to its caller.
-If
-.I n
-is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
-executed in the function body. If
-.B return
-is used outside a function,
-but during execution of a script by the
-.B .
-(\fBsource\fP) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
-that script and return either
-.I n
-or the exit status of the last command executed within the
-script as the exit status of the script.
-If \fIn\fP is supplied, the return value is its least significant
-8 bits.
-The return status is non-zero if
-.B return
-is supplied a non-numeric argument, or
-is used outside a
-function and not during execution of a script by \fB.\fP\^ or \fBsource\fP.
-Any command associated with the \fBRETURN\fP trap is executed
-before execution resumes after the function or script.
-.TP
-\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\-name\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fBset\fP [\fB+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\-name\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
-.PD
-Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed
-in a format that can be reused as input
-for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
-Read-only variables cannot be reset.
-In \fIposix\fP mode, only shell variables are listed.
-The output is sorted according to the current locale.
-When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.
-Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated
-as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
-.BR $1 ,
-.BR $2 ,
-.B ...
-.BR $\fIn\fP .
-Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP 8
-.B \-a
-Automatically mark variables and functions which are modified or
-created for export to the environment of subsequent commands.
-.TP 8
-.B \-b
-Report the status of terminated background jobs
-immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is
-effective only when job control is enabled.
-.TP 8
-.B \-e
-Exit immediately if a
-\fIpipeline\fP (which may consist of a single \fIsimple command\fP),
-a \fIlist\fP,
-or a \fIcompound command\fP
-(see
-.SM
-.B SHELL GRAMMAR
-above), exits with a non-zero status.
-The shell does not exit if the
-command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a
-.B while
-or
-.B until
-keyword,
-part of the test following the
-.B if
-or
-.B elif
-reserved words, part of any command executed in a
-.B &&
-or
-.B ||
-list except the command following the final \fB&&\fP or \fB||\fP,
-any command in a pipeline but the last,
-or if the command's return value is
-being inverted with
-.BR ! .
-If a compound command other than a subshell
-returns a non-zero status because a command failed
-while \fB\-e\fP was being ignored, the shell does not exit.
-A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
-This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
-separately (see
-.SM
-.B "COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT"
-above), and may cause
-subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-If a compound command or shell function executes in a context
-where \fB\-e\fP is being ignored,
-none of the commands executed within the compound command or function body
-will be affected by the \fB\-e\fP setting, even if \fB\-e\fP is set
-and a command returns a failure status.
-If a compound command or shell function sets \fB\-e\fP while executing in
-a context where \fB\-e\fP is ignored, that setting will not have any
-effect until the compound command or the command containing the function
-call completes.
-.TP 8
-.B \-f
-Disable pathname expansion.
-.TP 8
-.B \-h
-Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution.
-This is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B \-k
-All arguments in the form of assignment statements
-are placed in the environment for a command, not just
-those that precede the command name.
-.TP 8
-.B \-m
-Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is on
-by default for interactive shells on systems that support
-it (see
-.SM
-.B JOB CONTROL
-above).
-All processes run in a separate process group.
-When a background job completes, the shell prints a line
-containing its exit status.
-.TP 8
-.B \-n
-Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to
-check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by
-interactive shells.
-.TP 8
-.B \-o \fIoption\-name\fP
-The \fIoption\-name\fP can be one of the following:
-.RS
-.TP 8
-.B allexport
-Same as
-.BR \-a .
-.TP 8
-.B braceexpand
-Same as
-.BR \-B .
-.TP 8
-.B emacs
-Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled
-by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started
-with the
-.B \-\-noediting
-option.
-This also affects the editing interface used for \fBread \-e\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B errexit
-Same as
-.BR \-e .
-.TP 8
-.B errtrace
-Same as
-.BR \-E .
-.TP 8
-.B functrace
-Same as
-.BR \-T .
-.TP 8
-.B hashall
-Same as
-.BR \-h .
-.TP 8
-.B histexpand
-Same as
-.BR \-H .
-.TP 8
-.B history
-Enable command history, as described above under
-.SM
-.BR HISTORY .
-This option is on by default in interactive shells.
-.TP 8
-.B ignoreeof
-The effect is as if the shell command
-.if t \f(CWIGNOREEOF=10\fP
-.if n ``IGNOREEOF=10''
-had been executed
-(see
-.B Shell Variables
-above).
-.TP 8
-.B keyword
-Same as
-.BR \-k .
-.TP 8
-.B monitor
-Same as
-.BR \-m .
-.TP 8
-.B noclobber
-Same as
-.BR \-C .
-.TP 8
-.B noexec
-Same as
-.BR \-n .
-.TP 8
-.B noglob
-Same as
-.BR \-f .
-.TP 8
-.B nolog
-Currently ignored.
-.TP 8
-.B notify
-Same as
-.BR \-b .
-.TP 8
-.B nounset
-Same as
-.BR \-u .
-.TP 8
-.B onecmd
-Same as
-.BR \-t .
-.TP 8
-.B physical
-Same as
-.BR \-P .
-.TP 8
-.B pipefail
-If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last
-(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all
-commands in the pipeline exit successfully.
-This option is disabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B posix
-Change the behavior of
-.B bash
-where the default operation differs
-from the POSIX standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
-See
-.SM
-.B "SEE ALSO"
-below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
-bash's behavior.
-.TP 8
-.B privileged
-Same as
-.BR \-p .
-.TP 8
-.B verbose
-Same as
-.BR \-v .
-.TP 8
-.B vi
-Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
-This also affects the editing interface used for \fBread \-e\fP.
-.TP 8
-.B xtrace
-Same as
-.BR \-x .
-.sp .5
-.PP
-If
-.B \-o
-is supplied with no \fIoption\-name\fP, the values of the current options are
-printed.
-If
-.B +o
-is supplied with no \fIoption\-name\fP, a series of
-.B set
-commands to recreate the current option settings is displayed on
-the standard output.
-.RE
-.TP 8
-.B \-p
-Turn on
-.I privileged
-mode. In this mode, the
-.SM
-.B $ENV
-and
-.SM
-.B $BASH_ENV
-files are not processed, shell functions are not inherited from the
-environment, and the
-.SM
-.BR SHELLOPTS ,
-.SM
-.BR BASHOPTS ,
-.SM
-.BR CDPATH ,
-and
-.SM
-.B GLOBIGNORE
-variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
-If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the \fB\-p\fP option is not supplied, these actions
-are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
-not reset.
-Turning this option off causes the effective user
-and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-.TP 8
-.B \-t
-Exit after reading and executing one command.
-.TP 8
-.B \-u
-Treat unset variables and parameters other than the special
-parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
-parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
-unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error message, and,
-if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
-.TP 8
-.B \-v
-Print shell input lines as they are read.
-.TP 8
-.B \-x
-After expanding each \fIsimple command\fP,
-\fBfor\fP command, \fBcase\fP command, \fBselect\fP command, or
-arithmetic \fBfor\fP command, display the expanded value of
-.SM
-.BR PS4 ,
-followed by the command and its expanded arguments
-or associated word list.
-.TP 8
-.B \-B
-The shell performs brace expansion (see
-.B Brace Expansion
-above). This is on by default.
-.TP 8
-.B \-C
-If set,
-.B bash
-does not overwrite an existing file with the
-.BR > ,
-.BR >& ,
-and
-.B <>
-redirection operators. This may be overridden when
-creating output files by using the redirection operator
-.B >|
-instead of
-.BR > .
-.TP 8
-.B \-E
-If set, any trap on \fBERR\fP is inherited by shell functions, command
-substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
-The \fBERR\fP trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
-.TP 8
-.B \-H
-Enable
-.B !
-style history substitution. This option is on by
-default when the shell is interactive.
-.TP 8
-.B \-P
-If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when executing
-commands such as
-.B cd
-that change the current working directory. It uses the
-physical directory structure instead. By default,
-.B bash
-follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands
-which change the current directory.
-.TP 8
-.B \-T
-If set, any traps on \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP are inherited by shell
-functions, command substitutions, and commands executed in a
-subshell environment.
-The \fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps are normally not inherited
-in such cases.
-.TP 8
-.B \-\-
-If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are
-unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the
-\fIarg\fPs, even if some of them begin with a
-.BR \- .
-.TP 8
-.B \-
-Signal the end of options, cause all remaining \fIarg\fPs to be
-assigned to the positional parameters. The
-.B \-x
-and
-.B \-v
-options are turned off.
-If there are no \fIarg\fPs,
-the positional parameters remain unchanged.
-.PD
-.PP
-The options are off by default unless otherwise noted.
-Using + rather than \- causes these options to be turned off.
-The options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
-the shell.
-The current set of options may be found in
-.BR $\- .
-The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encountered.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBshift\fP [\fIn\fP]
-The positional parameters from \fIn\fP+1 ... are renamed to
-.B $1
-.B ....
-Parameters represented by the numbers \fB$#\fP
-down to \fB$#\fP\-\fIn\fP+1 are unset.
-.I n
-must be a non-negative number less than or equal to \fB$#\fP.
-If
-.I n
-is 0, no parameters are changed.
-If
-.I n
-is not given, it is assumed to be 1.
-If
-.I n
-is greater than \fB$#\fP, the positional parameters are not changed.
-The return status is greater than zero if
-.I n
-is greater than
-.B $#
-or less than zero; otherwise 0.
-.TP
-\fBshopt\fP [\fB\-pqsu\fP] [\fB\-o\fP] [\fIoptname\fP ...]
-Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
-With no options, or with the
-.B \-p
-option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with
-an indication of whether or not each is set.
-The \fB\-p\fP option causes output to be displayed in a form that
-may be reused as input.
-Other options have the following meanings:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Enable (set) each \fIoptname\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-u
-Disable (unset) each \fIoptname\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-q
-Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates
-whether the \fIoptname\fP is set or unset.
-If multiple \fIoptname\fP arguments are given with
-.BR \-q ,
-the return status is zero if all \fIoptnames\fP are enabled; non-zero
-otherwise.
-.TP
-.B \-o
-Restricts the values of \fIoptname\fP to be those defined for the
-.B \-o
-option to the
-.B set
-builtin.
-.PD
-.PP
-If either
-.B \-s
-or
-.B \-u
-is used with no \fIoptname\fP arguments,
-.B shopt
-shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
-Unless otherwise noted, the \fBshopt\fP options are disabled (unset)
-by default.
-.PP
-The return status when listing options is zero if all \fIoptnames\fP
-are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
-the return status is zero unless an \fIoptname\fP is not a valid shell
-option.
-.PP
-The list of \fBshopt\fP options is:
-.if t .sp .5v
-.if n .sp 1v
-.PD 0
-.TP 8
-.B autocd
-If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if
-it were the argument to the \fBcd\fP command.
-This option is only used by interactive shells.
-.TP 8
-.B cdable_vars
-If set, an argument to the
-.B cd
-builtin command that
-is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose
-value is the directory to change to.
-.TP 8
-.B cdspell
-If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a
-.B cd
-command will be corrected.
-The errors checked for are transposed characters,
-a missing character, and one character too many.
-If a correction is found, the corrected filename is printed,
-and the command proceeds.
-This option is only used by interactive shells.
-.TP 8
-.B checkhash
-If set, \fBbash\fP checks that a command found in the hash
-table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
-longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
-.TP 8
-.B checkjobs
-If set, \fBbash\fP lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
-exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
-the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
-intervening command (see
-.SM
-.B "JOB CONTROL"
-above). The shell always
-postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
-.TP 8
-.B checkwinsize
-If set, \fBbash\fP checks the window size after each command
-and, if necessary, updates the values of
-.SM
-.B LINES
-and
-.SM
-.BR COLUMNS .
-.TP 8
-.B cmdhist
-If set,
-.B bash
-attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
-command in the same history entry. This allows
-easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
-.TP 8
-.B compat31
-If set,
-.B bash
-changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
-arguments to the \fB[[\fP conditional command's \fB=~\fP operator
-and locale-specific string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP
-conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators.
-Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
-.IR strcmp (3);
-bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and
-.IR strcoll (3).
-.TP 8
-.B compat32
-If set,
-.B bash
-changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to
-locale-specific string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP
-conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators (see previous item).
-.TP 8
-.B compat40
-If set,
-.B bash
-changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the \fB[[\fP
-conditional command's \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators (see description of
-\fBcompat31\fP)
-and the effect of interrupting a command list.
-Bash versions 4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell received the
-interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list.
-.TP 8
-.B compat41
-If set,
-.BR bash ,
-when in \fIposix\fP mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
-parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
-(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
-quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
-The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
-.TP 8
-.B compat42
-If set,
-.B bash
-does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word
-expansion using quote removal.
-.TP 8
-.B complete_fullquote
-If set,
-.B bash
-quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when
-performing completion.
-If not set,
-.B bash
-removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of
-characters that will be quoted in completed filenames
-when these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in words to be
-completed.
-This means that dollar signs in variable names that expand to directories
-will not be quoted;
-however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either.
-This is active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed
-filenames.
-This variable is set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
-versions through 4.2.
-.TP 8
-.B direxpand
-If set,
-.B bash
-replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing
-filename completion. This changes the contents of the readline editing
-buffer.
-If not set,
-.B bash
-attempts to preserve what the user typed.
-.TP 8
-.B dirspell
-If set,
-.B bash
-attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
-if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
-.TP 8
-.B dotglob
-If set,
-.B bash
-includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname
-expansion.
-.TP 8
-.B execfail
-If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if
-it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the
-.B exec
-builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if
-.B exec
-fails.
-.TP 8
-.B expand_aliases
-If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
-.SM
-.BR ALIASES .
-This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
-.TP 8
-.B extdebug
-If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
-.RS
-.TP
-.B 1.
-The \fB\-F\fP option to the \fBdeclare\fP builtin displays the source
-file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied
-as an argument.
-.TP
-.B 2.
-If the command run by the \fBDEBUG\fP trap returns a non-zero value, the
-next command is skipped and not executed.
-.TP
-.B 3.
-If the command run by the \fBDEBUG\fP trap returns a value of 2, and the
-shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script
-executed by the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins), a call to
-\fBreturn\fP is simulated.
-.TP
-.B 4.
-.SM
-.B BASH_ARGC
-and
-.SM
-.B BASH_ARGV
-are updated as described in their descriptions above.
-.TP
-.B 5.
-Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
-subshells invoked with \fB(\fP \fIcommand\fP \fB)\fP inherit the
-\fBDEBUG\fP and \fBRETURN\fP traps.
-.TP
-.B 6.
-Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
-subshells invoked with \fB(\fP \fIcommand\fP \fB)\fP inherit the
-\fBERR\fP trap.
-.RE
-.TP 8
-.B extglob
-If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under
-\fBPathname Expansion\fP are enabled.
-.TP 8
-.B extquote
-If set, \fB$\fP\(aq\fIstring\fP\(aq and \fB$\fP"\fIstring\fP" quoting is
-performed within \fB${\fP\fIparameter\fP\fB}\fP expansions
-enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B failglob
-If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion
-result in an expansion error.
-.TP 8
-.B force_fignore
-If set, the suffixes specified by the
-.SM
-.B FIGNORE
-shell variable
-cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
-the ignored words are the only possible completions.
-See
-.SM
-\fBSHELL VARIABLES\fP
-above for a description of
-.SM
-.BR FIGNORE .
-This option is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B globasciiranges
-If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
-.SM
-.B Pattern Matching
-above) behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing
-comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating sequence
-is not taken into account, so
-.B b
-will not collate between
-.B A
-and
-.BR B ,
-and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
-.TP 8
-.B globstar
-If set, the pattern \fB**\fP used in a pathname expansion context will
-match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
-If the pattern is followed by a \fB/\fP, only directories and
-subdirectories match.
-.TP 8
-.B gnu_errfmt
-If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error
-message format.
-.TP 8
-.B histappend
-If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
-of the
-.SM
-.B HISTFILE
-variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
-.TP 8
-.B histreedit
-If set, and
-.B readline
-is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a
-failed history substitution.
-.TP 8
-.B histverify
-If set, and
-.B readline
-is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately
-passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into
-the \fBreadline\fP editing buffer, allowing further modification.
-.TP 8
-.B hostcomplete
-If set, and
-.B readline
-is being used, \fBbash\fP will attempt to perform hostname completion when a
-word containing a \fB@\fP is being completed (see
-.B Completing
-under
-.SM
-.B READLINE
-above).
-This is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B huponexit
-If set, \fBbash\fP will send
-.SM
-.B SIGHUP
-to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
-.TP 8
-.B interactive_comments
-If set, allow a word beginning with
-.B #
-to cause that word and all remaining characters on that
-line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see
-.SM
-.B COMMENTS
-above). This option is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B lastpipe
-If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
-a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
-.TP 8
-.B lithist
-If set, and the
-.B cmdhist
-option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
-embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
-.TP 8
-.B login_shell
-The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see
-.SM
-.B "INVOCATION"
-above).
-The value may not be changed.
-.TP 8
-.B mailwarn
-If set, and a file that \fBbash\fP is checking for mail has been
-accessed since the last time it was checked, the message ``The mail in
-\fImailfile\fP has been read'' is displayed.
-.TP 8
-.B no_empty_cmd_completion
-If set, and
-.B readline
-is being used,
-.B bash
-will not attempt to search the
-.SM
-.B PATH
-for possible completions when
-completion is attempted on an empty line.
-.TP 8
-.B nocaseglob
-If set,
-.B bash
-matches filenames in a case\-insensitive fashion when performing pathname
-expansion (see
-.B Pathname Expansion
-above).
-.TP 8
-.B nocasematch
-If set,
-.B bash
-matches patterns in a case\-insensitive fashion when performing matching
-while executing \fBcase\fP or \fB[[\fP conditional commands.
-.TP 8
-.B nullglob
-If set,
-.B bash
-allows patterns which match no
-files (see
-.B Pathname Expansion
-above)
-to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
-.TP 8
-.B progcomp
-If set, the programmable completion facilities (see
-\fBProgrammable Completion\fP above) are enabled.
-This option is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B promptvars
-If set, prompt strings undergo
-parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
-expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described in
-.SM
-.B PROMPTING
-above. This option is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B restricted_shell
-The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see
-.SM
-.B "RESTRICTED SHELL"
-below).
-The value may not be changed.
-This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
-the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
-.TP 8
-.B shift_verbose
-If set, the
-.B shift
-builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the
-number of positional parameters.
-.TP 8
-.B sourcepath
-If set, the
-\fBsource\fP (\fB.\fP) builtin uses the value of
-.SM
-.B PATH
-to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.
-This option is enabled by default.
-.TP 8
-.B xpg_echo
-If set, the \fBecho\fP builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
-by default.
-.RE
-.PD
-.TP
-\fBsuspend\fP [\fB\-f\fP]
-Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
-.SM
-.B SIGCONT
-signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the
-.B \-f
-option can be used to override this and force the suspension.
-The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and
-.B \-f
-is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.
-.TP
-\fBtest\fP \fIexpr\fP
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fB[\fP \fIexpr\fP \fB]\fP
-Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on
-the evaluation of the conditional expression
-.IR expr .
-Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
-Expressions are composed of the primaries described above under
-.SM
-.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" .
-\fBtest\fP does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
-an argument of \fB\-\-\fP as signifying the end of options.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
-in decreasing order of precedence.
-The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below.
-Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments.
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B ! \fIexpr\fP
-True if
-.I expr
-is false.
-.TP
-.B ( \fIexpr\fP )
-Returns the value of \fIexpr\fP.
-This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
-.TP
-\fIexpr1\fP \-\fBa\fP \fIexpr2\fP
-True if both
-.I expr1
-and
-.I expr2
-are true.
-.TP
-\fIexpr1\fP \-\fBo\fP \fIexpr2\fP
-True if either
-.I expr1
-or
-.I expr2
-is true.
-.PD
-.PP
-\fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP evaluate conditional
-expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-.PD 0
-.TP
-0 arguments
-The expression is false.
-.TP
-1 argument
-The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
-.TP
-2 arguments
-If the first argument is \fB!\fP, the expression is true if and
-only if the second argument is null.
-If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators listed above
-under
-.SM
-.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" ,
-the expression is true if the unary test is true.
-If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression
-is false.
-.TP
-3 arguments
-The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
-If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above
-under
-.SM
-.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" ,
-the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using
-the first and third arguments as operands.
-The \fB\-a\fP and \fB\-o\fP operators are considered binary operators
-when there are three arguments.
-If the first argument is \fB!\fP, the value is the negation of
-the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
-If the first argument is exactly \fB(\fP and the third argument is
-exactly \fB)\fP, the result is the one-argument test of the second
-argument.
-Otherwise, the expression is false.
-.TP
-4 arguments
-If the first argument is \fB!\fP, the result is the negation of
-the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.
-Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
-precedence using the rules listed above.
-.TP
-5 or more arguments
-The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
-using the rules listed above.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-.LP
-When used with \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP, the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators
-sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
-.RE
-.PD
-.TP
-.B times
-Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
-for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
-.TP
-\fBtrap\fP [\fB\-lp\fP] [[\fIarg\fP] \fIsigspec\fP ...]
-The command
-.I arg
-is to be read and executed when the shell receives
-signal(s)
-.IR sigspec .
-If
-.I arg
-is absent (and there is a single \fIsigspec\fP) or
-.BR \- ,
-each specified signal is
-reset to its original disposition (the value it had
-upon entrance to the shell).
-If
-.I arg
-is the null string the signal specified by each
-.I sigspec
-is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
-If
-.I arg
-is not present and
-.B \-p
-has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each
-.I sigspec
-are displayed.
-If no arguments are supplied or if only
-.B \-p
-is given,
-.B trap
-prints the list of commands associated with each signal.
-The
-.B \-l
-option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and
-their corresponding numbers.
-Each
-.I sigspec
-is either
-a signal name defined in <\fIsignal.h\fP>, or a signal number.
-Signal names are case insensitive and the
-.SM
-.B SIG
-prefix is optional.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-If a
-.I sigspec
-is
-.SM
-.B EXIT
-(0) the command
-.I arg
-is executed on exit from the shell.
-If a
-.I sigspec
-is
-.SM
-.BR DEBUG ,
-the command
-.I arg
-is executed before every \fIsimple command\fP, \fIfor\fP command,
-\fIcase\fP command, \fIselect\fP command, every arithmetic \fIfor\fP
-command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see
-.SM
-.B SHELL GRAMMAR
-above).
-Refer to the description of the \fBextdebug\fP option to the
-\fBshopt\fP builtin for details of its effect on the \fBDEBUG\fP trap.
-If a
-.I sigspec
-is
-.SM
-.BR RETURN ,
-the command
-.I arg
-is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with
-the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-If a
-.I sigspec
-is
-.SM
-.BR ERR ,
-the command
-.I arg
-is executed whenever a
-a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
-command), a list, or a compound command returns a
-non\-zero exit status,
-subject to the following conditions.
-The
-.SM
-.B ERR
-trap is not executed if the failed
-command is part of the command list immediately following a
-.B while
-or
-.B until
-keyword,
-part of the test in an
-.I if
-statement, part of a command executed in a
-.B &&
-or
-.B ||
-list except the command following the final \fB&&\fP or \fB||\fP,
-any command in a pipeline but the last,
-or if the command's return value is
-being inverted using
-.BR ! .
-These are the same conditions obeyed by the \fBerrexit\fP (\fB\-e\fP) option.
-.if t .sp 0.5
-.if n .sp 1
-Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
-Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
-values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
-The return status is false if any
-.I sigspec
-is invalid; otherwise
-.B trap
-returns true.
-.TP
-\fBtype\fP [\fB\-aftpP\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname\fP ...]
-With no options,
-indicate how each
-.I name
-would be interpreted if used as a command name.
-If the
-.B \-t
-option is used,
-.B type
-prints a string which is one of
-.IR alias ,
-.IR keyword ,
-.IR function ,
-.IR builtin ,
-or
-.I file
-if
-.I name
-is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file,
-respectively.
-If the
-.I name
-is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false
-is returned.
-If the
-.B \-p
-option is used,
-.B type
-either returns the name of the disk file
-that would be executed if
-.I name
-were specified as a command name,
-or nothing if
-.if t \f(CWtype -t name\fP
-.if n ``type -t name''
-would not return
-.IR file .
-The
-.B \-P
-option forces a
-.SM
-.B PATH
-search for each \fIname\fP, even if
-.if t \f(CWtype -t name\fP
-.if n ``type -t name''
-would not return
-.IR file .
-If a command is hashed,
-.B \-p
-and
-.B \-P
-print the hashed value, which is not necessarily the file that appears
-first in
-.SM
-.BR PATH .
-If the
-.B \-a
-option is used,
-.B type
-prints all of the places that contain
-an executable named
-.IR name .
-This includes aliases and functions,
-if and only if the
-.B \-p
-option is not also used.
-The table of hashed commands is not consulted
-when using
-.BR \-a .
-The
-.B \-f
-option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the \fBcommand\fP builtin.
-.B type
-returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if
-any are not found.
-.TP
-\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-HSTabcdefilmnpqrstuvx\fP [\fIlimit\fP]]
-Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
-processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
-The \fB\-H\fP and \fB\-S\fP options specify that the hard or soft limit is
-set for the given resource.
-A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set;
-a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.
-If neither \fB\-H\fP nor \fB\-S\fP is specified, both the soft and hard
-limits are set.
-The value of
-.I limit
-can be a number in the unit specified for the resource
-or one of the special values
-.BR hard ,
-.BR soft ,
-or
-.BR unlimited ,
-which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and
-no limit, respectively.
-If
-.I limit
-is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is
-printed, unless the \fB\-H\fP option is given. When more than one
-resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value.
-Other options are interpreted as follows:
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B \-a
-All current limits are reported
-.TP
-.B \-b
-The maximum socket buffer size
-.TP
-.B \-c
-The maximum size of core files created
-.TP
-.B \-d
-The maximum size of a process's data segment
-.TP
-.B \-e
-The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
-.TP
-.B \-f
-The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children
-.TP
-.B \-i
-The maximum number of pending signals
-.TP
-.B \-l
-The maximum size that may be locked into memory
-.TP
-.B \-m
-The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit)
-.TP
-.B \-n
-The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
-allow this value to be set)
-.TP
-.B \-p
-The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
-.TP
-.B \-q
-The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues
-.TP
-.B \-r
-The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-.TP
-.B \-s
-The maximum stack size
-.TP
-.B \-t
-The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
-.TP
-.B \-u
-The maximum number of processes available to a single user
-.TP
-.B \-v
-The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on
-some systems, to its children
-.TP
-.B \-x
-The maximum number of file locks
-.TP
-.B \-T
-The maximum number of threads
-.PD
-.PP
-If
-.I limit
-is given, and the
-.B \-a
-option is not used,
-\fIlimit\fP is the new value of the specified resource.
-If no option is given, then
-.B \-f
-is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for
-.BR \-t ,
-which is in seconds;
-.BR \-p ,
-which is in units of 512-byte blocks;
-and
-.BR \-T ,
-.BR \-b ,
-.BR \-n ,
-and
-.BR \-u ,
-which are unscaled values.
-The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
-or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
-.RE
-.TP
-\fBumask\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fB\-S\fP] [\fImode\fP]
-The user file-creation mask is set to
-.IR mode .
-If
-.I mode
-begins with a digit, it
-is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise
-it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
-to that accepted by
-.IR chmod (1).
-If
-.I mode
-is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed.
-The
-.B \-S
-option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the
-default output is an octal number.
-If the
-.B \-p
-option is supplied, and
-.I mode
-is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
-The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if
-no \fImode\fP argument was supplied, and false otherwise.
-.TP
-\fBunalias\fP [\-\fBa\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
-Remove each \fIname\fP from the list of defined aliases. If
-.B \-a
-is supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return
-value is true unless a supplied
-.I name
-is not a defined alias.
-.TP
-\fBunset\fP [\-\fBfv\fP] [\-\fBn\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
-For each
-.IR name ,
-remove the corresponding variable or function.
-If the
-.B \-v
-option is given, each
-.I name
-refers to a shell variable, and that variable is removed.
-Read-only variables may not be unset.
-If
-.B \-f
-is specified, each
-.I name
-refers to a shell function, and the function definition
-is removed.
-If the
-.B \-n
-option is supplied, and \fIname\fP is a variable with the \fInameref\fP
-attribute, \fIname\fP will be unset rather than the variable it
-references.
-\fB\-n\fP has no effect if the \fB\-f\fP option is supplied.
-If no options are supplied, each \fIname\fP refers to a variable; if
-there is no variable by that name, any function with that name is
-unset.
-Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
-passed to subsequent commands.
-If any of
-.SM
-.BR COMP_WORDBREAKS ,
-.SM
-.BR RANDOM ,
-.SM
-.BR SECONDS ,
-.SM
-.BR LINENO ,
-.SM
-.BR HISTCMD ,
-.SM
-.BR FUNCNAME ,
-.SM
-.BR GROUPS ,
-or
-.SM
-.B DIRSTACK
-are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are
-subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a
-.I name
-is readonly.
-.TP
-\fBwait\fP [\fB\--n\fP] [\fIn ...\fP]
-Wait for each specified process and return its termination status.
-Each
-.I n
-may be a process
-ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes
-in that job's pipeline are waited for. If
-.I n
-is not given, all currently active child processes
-are waited for, and the return status is zero.
-If the \fB\--n\fP option is supplied, \fBwait\fP waits for any job to
-terminate and returns its exit status.
-If
-.I n
-specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
-127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last
-process or job waited for.
-.\" bash_builtins
-.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
-.SH "RESTRICTED SHELL"
-.\" rbash.1
-.zY
-.PP
-If
-.B bash
-is started with the name
-.BR rbash ,
-or the
-.B \-r
-option is supplied at invocation,
-the shell becomes restricted.
-A restricted shell is used to
-set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.
-It behaves identically to
-.B bash
-with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
-.IP \(bu
-changing directories with \fBcd\fP
-.IP \(bu
-setting or unsetting the values of
-.SM
-.BR SHELL ,
-.SM
-.BR PATH ,
-.SM
-.BR ENV ,
-or
-.SM
-.B BASH_ENV
-.IP \(bu
-specifying command names containing
-.B /
-.IP \(bu
-specifying a filename containing a
-.B /
-as an argument to the
-.B .
-builtin command
-.IP \(bu
-specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-.B \-p
-option to the
-.B hash
-builtin command
-.IP \(bu
-importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
-.IP \(bu
-parsing the value of
-.SM
-.B SHELLOPTS
-from the shell environment at startup
-.IP \(bu
-redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators
-.IP \(bu
-using the
-.B exec
-builtin command to replace the shell with another command
-.IP \(bu
-adding or deleting builtin commands with the
-.B \-f
-and
-.B \-d
-options to the
-.B enable
-builtin command
-.IP \(bu
-using the \fBenable\fP builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins
-.IP \(bu
-specifying the
-.B \-p
-option to the
-.B command
-builtin command
-.IP \(bu
-turning off restricted mode with
-\fBset +r\fP or \fBset +o restricted\fP.
-.PP
-These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
-.PP
-.ie \n(zY=1 When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed,
-.el \{ When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
-(see
-.SM
-.B "COMMAND EXECUTION"
-above),
-\}
-.B rbash
-turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the
-script.
-.\" end of rbash.1
-.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.PD 0
-.TP
-\fIBash Reference Manual\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
-.TP
-\fIThe Gnu Readline Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
-.TP
-\fIThe Gnu History Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
-.TP
-\fIPortable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities\fP, IEEE --
-http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
-.TP
-http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
-.TP
-\fIsh\fP(1), \fIksh\fP(1), \fIcsh\fP(1)
-.TP
-\fIemacs\fP(1), \fIvi\fP(1)
-.TP
-\fIreadline\fP(3)
-.PD
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.FN /bin/bash
-The \fBbash\fP executable
-.TP
-.FN /etc/profile
-The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells
-.TP
-.FN ~/.bash_profile
-The personal initialization file, executed for login shells
-.TP
-.FN ~/.bashrc
-The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
-.TP
-.FN ~/.bash_logout
-The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits
-.TP
-.FN ~/.inputrc
-Individual \fIreadline\fP initialization file
-.PD
-.SH AUTHORS
-Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
-.br
-bfox@gnu.org
-.PP
-Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
-.br
-chet.ramey@case.edu
-.SH BUG REPORTS
-If you find a bug in
-.B bash,
-you should report it. But first, you should
-make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
-version of
-.BR bash .
-The latest version is always available from
-\fIftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/\fP.
-.PP
-Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
-.I bashbug
-command to submit a bug report.
-If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
-Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
-to \fIbug-bash@gnu.org\fP or posted to the Usenet
-newsgroup
-.BR gnu.bash.bug .
-.PP
-ALL bug reports should include:
-.PP
-.PD 0
-.TP 20
-The version number of \fBbash\fR
-.TP
-The hardware and operating system
-.TP
-The compiler used to compile
-.TP
-A description of the bug behaviour
-.TP
-A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
-.PD
-.PP
-.I bashbug
-inserts the first three items automatically into the template
-it provides for filing a bug report.
-.PP
-Comments and bug reports concerning
-this manual page should be directed to
-.IR chet.ramey@case.edu .
-.SH BUGS
-.PP
-It's too big and too slow.
-.PP
-There are some subtle differences between
-.B bash
-and traditional versions of
-.BR sh ,
-mostly because of the
-.SM
-.B POSIX
-specification.
-.PP
-Aliases are confusing in some uses.
-.PP
-Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
-.PP
-Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c'
-are not handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted.
-When a process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next
-command in the sequence.
-It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
-parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as
-a unit.
-.PP
-Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-.PP
-There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
-.zZ
-.zY
+++ /dev/null
-\input texinfo.tex @c -*- texinfo -*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename bashref.info
-@settitle Bash Reference Manual
-
-@include version.texi
-@c %**end of header
-
-@copying
-This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
-of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
-for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
-
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-@quotation
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
-Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
-A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
-``GNU Free Documentation License''.
-@end quotation
-@end copying
-
-@defcodeindex bt
-@defcodeindex rw
-@set BashFeatures
-
-@dircategory Basics
-@direntry
-* Bash: (bash). The GNU Bourne-Again SHell.
-@end direntry
-
-@finalout
-
-@titlepage
-@title Bash Reference Manual
-@subtitle Reference Documentation for Bash
-@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Bash} Version @value{VERSION}.
-@subtitle @value{UPDATED-MONTH}
-@author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
-@author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
-
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-@insertcopying
-
-@end titlepage
-
-@contents
-
-@ifnottex
-@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
-@top Bash Features
-
-This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
-The Bash home page is @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/}.
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
-of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
-for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
-
-Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
-features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
-borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (@file{sh}), the Korn Shell
-(@file{ksh}), and the C-shell (@file{csh} and its successor,
-@file{tcsh}). The following menu breaks the features up into
-categories, noting which features were inspired by other shells and
-which are specific to Bash.
-
-This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in
-Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive
-reference on shell behavior.
-
-@menu
-* Introduction:: An introduction to the shell.
-* Definitions:: Some definitions used in the rest of this
- manual.
-* Basic Shell Features:: The shell "building blocks".
-* Shell Builtin Commands:: Commands that are a part of the shell.
-* Shell Variables:: Variables used or set by Bash.
-* Bash Features:: Features found only in Bash.
-* Job Control:: What job control is and how Bash allows you
- to use it.
-* Command Line Editing:: Chapter describing the command line
- editing features.
-* Using History Interactively:: Command History Expansion
-* Installing Bash:: How to build and install Bash on your system.
-* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs in Bash.
-* Major Differences From The Bourne Shell:: A terse list of the differences
- between Bash and historical
- versions of /bin/sh.
-* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this documentation.
-* Indexes:: Various indexes for this manual.
-@end menu
-@end ifnottex
-
-@node Introduction
-@chapter Introduction
-@menu
-* What is Bash?:: A short description of Bash.
-* What is a shell?:: A brief introduction to shells.
-@end menu
-
-@node What is Bash?
-@section What is Bash?
-
-Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter,
-for the @sc{gnu} operating system.
-The name is an acronym for the @samp{Bourne-Again SHell},
-a pun on Stephen Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of
-the current Unix shell @code{sh},
-which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version
-of Unix.
-
-Bash is largely compatible with @code{sh} and incorporates useful
-features from the Korn shell @code{ksh} and the C shell @code{csh}.
-It is intended to be a conformant implementation of the @sc{ieee}
-@sc{posix} Shell and Tools portion of the @sc{ieee} @sc{posix}
-specification (@sc{ieee} Standard 1003.1).
-It offers functional improvements over @code{sh} for both interactive and
-programming use.
-
-While the @sc{gnu} operating system provides other shells, including
-a version of @code{csh}, Bash is the default shell.
-Like other @sc{gnu} software, Bash is quite portable. It currently runs
-on nearly every version of Unix and a few other operating systems @minus{}
-independently-supported ports exist for @sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2},
-and Windows platforms.
-
-@node What is a shell?
-@section What is a shell?
-
-At its base, a shell is simply a macro processor that executes
-commands. The term macro processor means functionality where text
-and symbols are expanded to create larger expressions.
-
-A Unix shell is both a command interpreter and a programming
-language. As a command interpreter, the shell provides the user
-interface to the rich set of @sc{gnu} utilities. The programming
-language features allow these utilities to be combined.
-Files containing commands can be created, and become
-commands themselves. These new commands have the same status as
-system commands in directories such as @file{/bin}, allowing users
-or groups to establish custom environments to automate their common
-tasks.
-
-Shells may be used interactively or non-interactively. In
-interactive mode, they accept input typed from the keyboard.
-When executing non-interactively, shells execute commands read
-from a file.
-
-A shell allows execution of @sc{gnu} commands, both synchronously and
-asynchronously.
-The shell waits for synchronous commands to complete before accepting
-more input; asynchronous commands continue to execute in parallel
-with the shell while it reads and executes additional commands.
-The @dfn{redirection} constructs permit
-fine-grained control of the input and output of those commands.
-Moreover, the shell allows control over the contents of commands'
-environments.
-
-Shells also provide a small set of built-in
-commands (@dfn{builtins}) implementing functionality impossible
-or inconvenient to obtain via separate utilities.
-For example, @code{cd}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, and
-@code{exec} cannot be implemented outside of the shell because
-they directly manipulate the shell itself.
-The @code{history}, @code{getopts}, @code{kill}, or @code{pwd}
-builtins, among others, could be implemented in separate utilities,
-but they are more convenient to use as builtin commands.
-All of the shell builtins are described in
-subsequent sections.
-
-While executing commands is essential, most of the power (and
-complexity) of shells is due to their embedded programming
-languages. Like any high-level language, the shell provides
-variables, flow control constructs, quoting, and functions.
-
-Shells offer features geared specifically for
-interactive use rather than to augment the programming language.
-These interactive features include job control, command line
-editing, command history and aliases. Each of these features is
-described in this manual.
-
-@node Definitions
-@chapter Definitions
-These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item POSIX
-@cindex POSIX
-A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash
-is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the
-@sc{posix} 1003.1 standard.
-
-@item blank
-A space or tab character.
-
-@item builtin
-@cindex builtin
-A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather
-than by an executable program somewhere in the file system.
-
-@item control operator
-@cindex control operator
-A @code{token} that performs a control function. It is a @code{newline}
-or one of the following:
-@samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{;;},
-@samp{|}, @samp{|&}, @samp{(}, or @samp{)}.
-
-@item exit status
-@cindex exit status
-The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted
-to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255.
-
-@item field
-@cindex field
-A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After
-expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as
-the command name and arguments.
-
-@item filename
-@cindex filename
-A string of characters used to identify a file.
-
-@item job
-@cindex job
-A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended
-from it, that are all in the same process group.
-
-@item job control
-@cindex job control
-A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart
-(resume) execution of processes.
-
-@item metacharacter
-@cindex metacharacter
-A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is
-a @code{blank} or one of the following characters:
-@samp{|}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{(}, @samp{)}, @samp{<}, or
-@samp{>}.
-
-@item name
-@cindex name
-@cindex identifier
-A @code{word} consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores,
-and beginning with a letter or underscore. @code{Name}s are used as
-shell variable and function names.
-Also referred to as an @code{identifier}.
-
-@item operator
-@cindex operator, shell
-A @code{control operator} or a @code{redirection operator}.
-@xref{Redirections}, for a list of redirection operators.
-Operators contain at least one unquoted @code{metacharacter}.
-
-@item process group
-@cindex process group
-A collection of related processes each having the same process
-group @sc{id}.
-
-@item process group ID
-@cindex process group ID
-A unique identifier that represents a @code{process group}
-during its lifetime.
-
-@item reserved word
-@cindex reserved word
-A @code{word} that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved
-words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as @code{for} and
-@code{while}.
-
-@item return status
-@cindex return status
-A synonym for @code{exit status}.
-
-@item signal
-@cindex signal
-A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel
-of an event occurring in the system.
-
-@item special builtin
-@cindex special builtin
-A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the
-@sc{posix} standard.
-
-@item token
-@cindex token
-A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell.
-It is either a @code{word} or an @code{operator}.
-
-@item word
-@cindex word
-A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell.
-Words may not include unquoted @code{metacharacters}.
-@end table
-
-@node Basic Shell Features
-@chapter Basic Shell Features
-@cindex Bourne shell
-
-Bash is an acronym for @samp{Bourne-Again SHell}.
-The Bourne shell is
-the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne.
-All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash,
-The rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the @sc{posix}
-specification for the `standard' Unix shell.
-
-This chapter briefly summarizes the shell's `building blocks':
-commands, control structures, shell functions, shell @i{parameters},
-shell expansions,
-@i{redirections}, which are a way to direct input and output from
-and to named files, and how the shell executes commands.
-
-@menu
-* Shell Syntax:: What your input means to the shell.
-* Shell Commands:: The types of commands you can use.
-* Shell Functions:: Grouping commands by name.
-* Shell Parameters:: How the shell stores values.
-* Shell Expansions:: How Bash expands parameters and the various
- expansions available.
-* Redirections:: A way to control where input and output go.
-* Executing Commands:: What happens when you run a command.
-* Shell Scripts:: Executing files of shell commands.
-@end menu
-
-@node Shell Syntax
-@section Shell Syntax
-@menu
-* Shell Operation:: The basic operation of the shell.
-* Quoting:: How to remove the special meaning from characters.
-* Comments:: How to specify comments.
-@end menu
-
-When the shell reads input, it proceeds through a
-sequence of operations. If the input indicates the beginning of a
-comment, the shell ignores the comment symbol (@samp{#}), and the rest
-of that line.
-
-Otherwise, roughly speaking, the shell reads its input and
-divides the input into words and operators, employing the quoting rules
-to select which meanings to assign various words and characters.
-
-The shell then parses these tokens into commands and other constructs,
-removes the special meaning of certain words or characters, expands
-others, redirects input and output as needed, executes the specified
-command, waits for the command's exit status, and makes that exit status
-available for further inspection or processing.
-
-@node Shell Operation
-@subsection Shell Operation
-
-The following is a brief description of the shell's operation when it
-reads and executes a command. Basically, the shell does the
-following:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Reads its input from a file (@pxref{Shell Scripts}), from a string
-supplied as an argument to the @option{-c} invocation option
-(@pxref{Invoking Bash}), or from the user's terminal.
-
-@item
-Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules
-described in @ref{Quoting}. These tokens are separated by
-@code{metacharacters}. Alias expansion is performed by this step
-(@pxref{Aliases}).
-
-@item
-Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands
-(@pxref{Shell Commands}).
-
-@item
-Performs the various shell expansions (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), breaking
-the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (@pxref{Filename Expansion})
-and commands and arguments.
-
-@item
-Performs any necessary redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) and removes
-the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list.
-
-@item
-Executes the command (@pxref{Executing Commands}).
-
-@item
-Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit
-status (@pxref{Exit Status}).
-
-@end enumerate
-
-@node Quoting
-@subsection Quoting
-@cindex quoting
-@menu
-* Escape Character:: How to remove the special meaning from a single
- character.
-* Single Quotes:: How to inhibit all interpretation of a sequence
- of characters.
-* Double Quotes:: How to suppress most of the interpretation of a
- sequence of characters.
-* ANSI-C Quoting:: How to expand ANSI-C sequences in quoted strings.
-* Locale Translation:: How to translate strings into different languages.
-@end menu
-
-Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain
-characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to
-disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent
-reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent
-parameter expansion.
-
-Each of the shell metacharacters (@pxref{Definitions})
-has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
-represent itself.
-When the command history expansion facilities are being used
-(@pxref{History Interaction}), the
-@var{history expansion} character, usually @samp{!}, must be quoted
-to prevent history expansion. @xref{Bash History Facilities}, for
-more details concerning history expansion.
-
-There are three quoting mechanisms: the
-@var{escape character}, single quotes, and double quotes.
-
-@node Escape Character
-@subsubsection Escape Character
-A non-quoted backslash @samp{\} is the Bash escape character.
-It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows,
-with the exception of @code{newline}. If a @code{\newline} pair
-appears, and the backslash itself is not quoted, the @code{\newline}
-is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from
-the input stream and effectively ignored).
-
-@node Single Quotes
-@subsubsection Single Quotes
-
-Enclosing characters in single quotes (@samp{'}) preserves the literal value
-of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
-between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
-
-@node Double Quotes
-@subsubsection Double Quotes
-
-Enclosing characters in double quotes (@samp{"}) preserves the literal value
-of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of
-@samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{\},
-and, when history expansion is enabled, @samp{!}.
-The characters @samp{$} and @samp{`}
-retain their special meaning within double quotes (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).
-The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of
-the following characters:
-@samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{"}, @samp{\}, or @code{newline}.
-Within double quotes, backslashes that are followed by one of these
-characters are removed. Backslashes preceding characters without a
-special meaning are left unmodified.
-A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
-a backslash.
-If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an @samp{!}
-appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.
-The backslash preceding the @samp{!} is not removed.
-
-The special parameters @samp{*} and @samp{@@} have special meaning
-when in double quotes (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@node ANSI-C Quoting
-@subsubsection ANSI-C Quoting
-@cindex quoting, ANSI
-
-Words of the form @code{$'@var{string}'} are treated specially. The
-word expands to @var{string}, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
-as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if
-present, are decoded as follows:
-
-@table @code
-@item \a
-alert (bell)
-@item \b
-backspace
-@item \e
-@itemx \E
-an escape character (not ANSI C)
-@item \f
-form feed
-@item \n
-newline
-@item \r
-carriage return
-@item \t
-horizontal tab
-@item \v
-vertical tab
-@item \\
-backslash
-@item \'
-single quote
-@item \"
-double quote
-@item \@var{nnn}
-the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
-(one to three digits)
-@item \x@var{HH}
-the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH}
-(one or two hex digits)
-@item \u@var{HHHH}
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits)
-@item \U@var{HHHHHHHH}
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits)
-@item \c@var{x}
-a control-@var{x} character
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
-been present.
-
-@node Locale Translation
-@subsubsection Locale-Specific Translation
-@cindex localization
-@cindex internationalization
-@cindex native languages
-@cindex translation, native languages
-
-A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (@samp{$}) will cause
-the string to be translated according to the current locale.
-If the current locale is @code{C} or @code{POSIX}, the dollar sign
-is ignored.
-If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
-double-quoted.
-
-@vindex LC_MESSAGES
-@vindex TEXTDOMAIN
-@vindex TEXTDOMAINDIR
-Some systems use the message catalog selected by the @env{LC_MESSAGES}
-shell variable. Others create the name of the message catalog from the
-value of the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} shell variable, possibly adding a
-suffix of @samp{.mo}. If you use the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} variable, you
-may need to set the @env{TEXTDOMAINDIR} variable to the location of
-the message catalog files. Still others use both variables in this
-fashion:
-@env{TEXTDOMAINDIR}/@env{LC_MESSAGES}/LC_MESSAGES/@env{TEXTDOMAIN}.mo.
-
-@node Comments
-@subsection Comments
-@cindex comments, shell
-
-In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
-@code{interactive_comments} option to the @code{shopt}
-builtin is enabled (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}),
-a word beginning with @samp{#}
-causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
-be ignored. An interactive shell without the @code{interactive_comments}
-option enabled does not allow comments. The @code{interactive_comments}
-option is on by default in interactive shells.
-@xref{Interactive Shells}, for a description of what makes
-a shell interactive.
-
-@node Shell Commands
-@section Shell Commands
-@cindex commands, shell
-
-A simple shell command such as @code{echo a b c} consists of the command
-itself followed by arguments, separated by spaces.
-
-More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged together
-in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one command
-becomes the input of a second, in a loop or conditional construct, or in
-some other grouping.
-
-@menu
-* Simple Commands:: The most common type of command.
-* Pipelines:: Connecting the input and output of several
- commands.
-* Lists:: How to execute commands sequentially.
-* Compound Commands:: Shell commands for control flow.
-* Coprocesses:: Two-way communication between commands.
-* GNU Parallel:: Running commands in parallel.
-@end menu
-
-@node Simple Commands
-@subsection Simple Commands
-@cindex commands, simple
-
-A simple command is the kind of command encountered most often.
-It's just a sequence of words separated by @code{blank}s, terminated
-by one of the shell's control operators (@pxref{Definitions}). The
-first word generally specifies a command to be executed, with the
-rest of the words being that command's arguments.
-
-The return status (@pxref{Exit Status}) of a simple command is
-its exit status as provided
-by the @sc{posix} 1003.1 @code{waitpid} function, or 128+@var{n} if
-the command was terminated by signal @var{n}.
-
-@node Pipelines
-@subsection Pipelines
-@cindex pipeline
-@cindex commands, pipelines
-
-A @code{pipeline} is a sequence of simple commands separated by one of
-the control operators @samp{|} or @samp{|&}.
-
-@rwindex time
-@rwindex !
-@cindex command timing
-The format for a pipeline is
-@example
-[time [-p]] [!] @var{command1} [ | or |& @var{command2} ] @dots{}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe
-to the input of the next command.
-That is, each command reads the previous command's output. This
-connection is performed before any redirections specified by the
-command.
-
-If @samp{|&} is used, @var{command1}'s standard error, in addition to
-its standard output, is connected to
-@var{command2}'s standard input through the pipe;
-it is shorthand for @code{2>&1 |}.
-This implicit redirection of the standard error to the standard output is
-performed after any redirections specified by the command.
-
-The reserved word @code{time} causes timing statistics
-to be printed for the pipeline once it finishes.
-The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and
-user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
-The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that specified
-by @sc{posix}.
-When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
-it does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
-token begins with a @samp{-}.
-The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set to a format string that
-specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
-@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available formats.
-The use of @code{time} as a reserved word permits the timing of
-shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external
-@code{time} command cannot time these easily.
-
-When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @code{time}
-may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
-total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
-The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be used to specify the format of
-the time information.
-
-If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (@pxref{Lists}), the
-shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
-
-Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell
-(@pxref{Command Execution Environment}). The exit
-status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the
-pipeline, unless the @code{pipefail} option is enabled
-(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-If @code{pipefail} is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
-value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
-or zero if all commands exit successfully.
-If the reserved word @samp{!} precedes the pipeline, the
-exit status is the logical negation of the exit status as described
-above.
-The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before
-returning a value.
-
-@node Lists
-@subsection Lists of Commands
-@cindex commands, lists
-
-A @code{list} is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
-of the operators @samp{;}, @samp{&}, @samp{&&}, or @samp{||},
-and optionally terminated by one of @samp{;}, @samp{&}, or a
-@code{newline}.
-
-Of these list operators, @samp{&&} and @samp{||}
-have equal precedence, followed by @samp{;} and @samp{&},
-which have equal precedence.
-
-A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a @code{list}
-to delimit commands, equivalent to a semicolon.
-
-If a command is terminated by the control operator @samp{&},
-the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell.
-This is known as executing the command in the @var{background}.
-The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return
-status is 0 (true).
-When job control is not active (@pxref{Job Control}),
-the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any
-explicit redirections, is redirected from @code{/dev/null}.
-
-Commands separated by a @samp{;} are executed sequentially; the shell
-waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
-exit status of the last command executed.
-
-@sc{and} and @sc{or} lists are sequences of one or more pipelines
-separated by the control operators @samp{&&} and @samp{||},
-respectively. @sc{and} and @sc{or} lists are executed with left
-associativity.
-
-An @sc{and} list has the form
-@example
-@var{command1} && @var{command2}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1}
-returns an exit status of zero.
-
-An @sc{or} list has the form
-@example
-@var{command1} || @var{command2}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1}
-returns a non-zero exit status.
-
-The return status of
-@sc{and} and @sc{or} lists is the exit status of the last command
-executed in the list.
-
-@node Compound Commands
-@subsection Compound Commands
-@cindex commands, compound
-
-@menu
-* Looping Constructs:: Shell commands for iterative action.
-* Conditional Constructs:: Shell commands for conditional execution.
-* Command Grouping:: Ways to group commands.
-@end menu
-
-Compound commands are the shell programming constructs.
-Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is
-terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator.
-Any redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) associated with a compound command
-apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden.
-
-In most cases a list of commands in a compound command's description may be
-separated from the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be
-followed by a newline in place of a semicolon.
-
-Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms
-to group commands and execute them as a unit.
-
-@node Looping Constructs
-@subsubsection Looping Constructs
-@cindex commands, looping
-
-Bash supports the following looping constructs.
-
-Note that wherever a @samp{;} appears in the description of a
-command's syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines.
-
-@table @code
-@item until
-@rwindex until
-@rwindex do
-@rwindex done
-The syntax of the @code{until} command is:
-
-@example
-until @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done
-@end example
-
-Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as
-@var{test-commands} has an exit status which is not zero.
-The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
-in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed.
-
-@item while
-@rwindex while
-The syntax of the @code{while} command is:
-
-@example
-while @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done
-@end example
-
-Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as
-@var{test-commands} has an exit status of zero.
-The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
-in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed.
-
-@item for
-@rwindex for
-The syntax of the @code{for} command is:
-
-@example
-for @var{name} [ [in [@var{words} @dots{}] ] ; ] do @var{commands}; done
-@end example
-
-Expand @var{words}, and execute @var{commands} once for each member
-in the resultant list, with @var{name} bound to the current member.
-If @samp{in @var{words}} is not present, the @code{for} command
-executes the @var{commands} once for each positional parameter that is
-set, as if @samp{in "$@@"} had been specified
-(@pxref{Special Parameters}).
-The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
-If there are no items in the expansion of @var{words}, no commands are
-executed, and the return status is zero.
-
-An alternate form of the @code{for} command is also supported:
-
-@example
-for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} )) ; do @var{commands} ; done
-@end example
-
-First, the arithmetic expression @var{expr1} is evaluated according
-to the rules described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
-The arithmetic expression @var{expr2} is then evaluated repeatedly
-until it evaluates to zero.
-Each time @var{expr2} evaluates to a non-zero value, @var{commands} are
-executed and the arithmetic expression @var{expr3} is evaluated.
-If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
-The return value is the exit status of the last command in @var{commands}
-that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
-@end table
-
-The @code{break} and @code{continue} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
-may be used to control loop execution.
-
-@node Conditional Constructs
-@subsubsection Conditional Constructs
-@cindex commands, conditional
-
-@table @code
-@item if
-@rwindex if
-@rwindex then
-@rwindex else
-@rwindex elif
-@rwindex fi
-The syntax of the @code{if} command is:
-
-@example
-if @var{test-commands}; then
- @var{consequent-commands};
-[elif @var{more-test-commands}; then
- @var{more-consequents};]
-[else @var{alternate-consequents};]
-fi
-@end example
-
-The @var{test-commands} list is executed, and if its return status is zero,
-the @var{consequent-commands} list is executed.
-If @var{test-commands} returns a non-zero status, each @code{elif} list
-is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero,
-the corresponding @var{more-consequents} is executed and the
-command completes.
-If @samp{else @var{alternate-consequents}} is present, and
-the final command in the final @code{if} or @code{elif} clause
-has a non-zero exit status, then @var{alternate-consequents} is executed.
-The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
-zero if no condition tested true.
-
-@item case
-@rwindex case
-@rwindex in
-@rwindex esac
-The syntax of the @code{case} command is:
-
-@example
-case @var{word} in [ [(] @var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]@dots{}) @var{command-list} ;;]@dots{} esac
-@end example
-
-@code{case} will selectively execute the @var{command-list} corresponding to
-the first @var{pattern} that matches @var{word}.
-If the shell option @code{nocasematch}
-(see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})
-is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
-of alphabetic characters.
-The @samp{|} is used to separate multiple patterns, and the @samp{)}
-operator terminates a pattern list.
-A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known
-as a @var{clause}.
-
-Each clause must be terminated with @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.
-The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
-substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before matching is
-attempted. Each @var{pattern} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
-expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
-
-There may be an arbitrary number of @code{case} clauses, each terminated
-by a @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.
-The first pattern that matches determines the
-command-list that is executed.
-It's a common idiom to use @samp{*} as the final pattern to define the
-default case, since that pattern will always match.
-
-Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to
-describe one interesting feature of an animal:
-
-@example
-echo -n "Enter the name of an animal: "
-read ANIMAL
-echo -n "The $ANIMAL has "
-case $ANIMAL in
- horse | dog | cat) echo -n "four";;
- man | kangaroo ) echo -n "two";;
- *) echo -n "an unknown number of";;
-esac
-echo " legs."
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-
-If the @samp{;;} operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
-the first pattern match.
-Using @samp{;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes execution to continue with
-the @var{command-list} associated with the next clause, if any.
-Using @samp{;;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes the shell to test the patterns
-in the next clause, if any, and execute any associated @var{command-list}
-on a successful match.
-
-The return status is zero if no @var{pattern} is matched. Otherwise, the
-return status is the exit status of the @var{command-list} executed.
-
-@item select
-@rwindex select
-
-The @code{select} construct allows the easy generation of menus.
-It has almost the same syntax as the @code{for} command:
-
-@example
-select @var{name} [in @var{words} @dots{}]; do @var{commands}; done
-@end example
-
-The list of words following @code{in} is expanded, generating a list
-of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
-error output stream, each preceded by a number. If the
-@samp{in @var{words}} is omitted, the positional parameters are printed,
-as if @samp{in "$@@"} had been specified.
-The @env{PS3} prompt is then displayed and a line is read from the
-standard input.
-If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the displayed
-words, then the value of @var{name} is set to that word.
-If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again.
-If @code{EOF} is read, the @code{select} command completes.
-Any other value read causes @var{name} to be set to null.
-The line read is saved in the variable @env{REPLY}.
-
-The @var{commands} are executed after each selection until a
-@code{break} command is executed, at which
-point the @code{select} command completes.
-
-Here is an example that allows the user to pick a filename from the
-current directory, and displays the name and index of the file
-selected.
-
-@example
-select fname in *;
-do
- echo you picked $fname \($REPLY\)
- break;
-done
-@end example
-
-@item ((@dots{}))
-@example
-(( @var{expression} ))
-@end example
-
-The arithmetic @var{expression} is evaluated according to the rules
-described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
-If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
-otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
-@example
-let "@var{expression}"
-@end example
-@noindent
-@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a full description of the @code{let} builtin.
-
-@item [[@dots{}]]
-@rwindex [[
-@rwindex ]]
-@example
-[[ @var{expression} ]]
-@end example
-
-Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
-the conditional expression @var{expression}.
-Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-@ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}.
-Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
-between the @code{[[} and @code{]]}; tilde expansion, parameter and
-variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
-substitution, and quote removal are performed.
-Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be recognized
-as primaries.
-
-When used with @code{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort
-lexicographically using the current locale.
-
-When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the
-right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
-to the rules described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}.
-The @samp{=} operator is identical to @samp{==}.
-If the shell option @code{nocasematch}
-(see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})
-is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
-of alphabetic characters.
-The return value is 0 if the string matches (@samp{==}) or does not
-match (@samp{!=})the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
-Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
-to be matched as a string.
-
-An additional binary operator, @samp{=~}, is available, with the same
-precedence as @samp{==} and @samp{!=}.
-When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
-an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in @i{regex}3)).
-The return value is 0 if the string matches
-the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
-If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
-expression's return value is 2.
-If the shell option @code{nocasematch}
-(see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})
-is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
-of alphabetic characters.
-Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
-to be matched as a string.
-Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
-since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets.
-If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable
-expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.
-Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
-expression are saved in the array variable @code{BASH_REMATCH}.
-The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index 0 is the portion of the string
-matching the entire regular expression.
-The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index @var{n} is the portion of the
-string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression.
-
-For example, the following will match a line
-(stored in the shell variable @var{line})
-if there is a sequence of characters in the value consisting of
-any number, including zero, of
-space characters, zero or one instances of @samp{a}, then a @samp{b}:
-@example
-[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]]
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-That means values like @samp{aab} and @samp{ aaaaaab} will match, as
-will a line containing a @samp{b} anywhere in its value.
-
-Storing the regular expression in a shell variable is often a useful
-way to avoid problems with quoting characters that are special to the
-shell.
-It is sometimes difficult to specify a regular expression literally
-without using quotes, or to keep track of the quoting used by regular
-expressions while paying attention to the shell's quote removal.
-Using a shell variable to store the pattern decreases these problems.
-For example, the following is equivalent to the above:
-@example
-pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b'
-[[ $line =~ $pattern ]]
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-If you want to match a character that's special to the regular expression
-grammar, it has to be quoted to remove its special meaning.
-This means that in the pattern @samp{xxx.txt}, the @samp{.} matches any
-character in the string (its usual regular expression meaning), but in the
-pattern @samp{"xxx.txt"} it can only match a literal @samp{.}.
-Shell programmers should take special care with backslashes, since backslashes
-are used both by the shell and regular expressions to remove the special
-meaning from the following character.
-The following two sets of commands are @emph{not} equivalent:
-@example
-pattern='\.'
-
-[[ . =~ $pattern ]]
-[[ . =~ \. ]]
-
-[[ . =~ "$pattern" ]]
-[[ . =~ '\.' ]]
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The first two matches will succeed, but the second two will not, because
-in the second two the backslash will be part of the pattern to be matched.
-In the first two examples, the backslash removes the special meaning from
-@samp{.}, so the literal @samp{.} matches.
-If the string in the first examples were anything other than @samp{.}, say
-@samp{a}, the pattern would not match, because the quoted @samp{.} in the
-pattern loses its special meaning of matching any single character.
-
-Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
-in decreasing order of precedence:
-
-@table @code
-@item ( @var{expression} )
-Returns the value of @var{expression}.
-This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
-
-@item ! @var{expression}
-True if @var{expression} is false.
-
-@item @var{expression1} && @var{expression2}
-True if both @var{expression1} and @var{expression2} are true.
-
-@item @var{expression1} || @var{expression2}
-True if either @var{expression1} or @var{expression2} is true.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-The @code{&&} and @code{||} operators do not evaluate @var{expression2} if the
-value of @var{expression1} is sufficient to determine the return
-value of the entire conditional expression.
-@end table
-
-@node Command Grouping
-@subsubsection Grouping Commands
-@cindex commands, grouping
-
-Bash provides two ways to group a list of commands to be executed
-as a unit. When commands are grouped, redirections may be applied
-to the entire command list. For example, the output of all the
-commands in the list may be redirected to a single stream.
-
-@table @code
-@item ()
-@example
-( @var{list} )
-@end example
-
-Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
-environment to be created (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and each
-of the commands in @var{list} to be executed in that subshell. Since the
-@var{list} is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in
-effect after the subshell completes.
-
-@item @{@}
-@rwindex @{
-@rwindex @}
-@example
-@{ @var{list}; @}
-@end example
-
-Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to
-be executed in the current shell context. No subshell is created.
-The semicolon (or newline) following @var{list} is required.
-@end table
-
-In addition to the creation of a subshell, there is a subtle difference
-between these two constructs due to historical reasons. The braces
-are @code{reserved words}, so they must be separated from the @var{list}
-by @code{blank}s or other shell metacharacters.
-The parentheses are @code{operators}, and are
-recognized as separate tokens by the shell even if they are not separated
-from the @var{list} by whitespace.
-
-The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of
-@var{list}.
-
-@node Coprocesses
-@subsection Coprocesses
-@cindex coprocess
-
-A @code{coprocess} is a shell command preceded by the @code{coproc}
-reserved word.
-A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
-had been terminated with the @samp{&} control operator, with a two-way pipe
-established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
-
-The format for a coprocess is:
-@example
-coproc [@var{NAME}] @var{command} [@var{redirections}]
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-This creates a coprocess named @var{NAME}.
-If @var{NAME} is not supplied, the default name is @var{COPROC}.
-@var{NAME} must not be supplied if @var{command} is a simple
-command (@pxref{Simple Commands}); otherwise, it is interpreted as
-the first word of the simple command.
-
-When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable
-(@pxref{Arrays})
-named @env{NAME} in the context of the executing shell.
-The standard output of @var{command}
-is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to @env{NAME}[0].
-The standard input of @var{command}
-is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to @env{NAME}[1].
-This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
-command (@pxref{Redirections}).
-The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
-and redirections using standard word expansions.
-The file descriptors are not available in subshells.
-
-The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
-available as the value of the variable @env{NAME}_PID.
-The @code{wait}
-builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
-
-Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command,
-the @code{coproc} command always returns success.
-The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of @var{command}.
-
-@node GNU Parallel
-@subsection GNU Parallel
-
-There are ways to run commands in parallel that are not built into Bash.
-GNU Parallel is a tool to do just that.
-
-GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands
-in parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether
-they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files. GNU
-Parallel provides shorthand references to many of the most common operations
-(input lines, various portions of the input line, different ways to specify
-the input source, and so on). Parallel can replace @code{xargs} or feed
-commands from its input sources to several different instances of Bash.
-
-For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few
-examples should provide a brief introduction to its use.
-
-For example, it is easy to replace @code{xargs} to gzip all html files in the
-current directory and its subdirectories:
-@example
-find . -type f -name '*.html' -print | parallel gzip
-@end example
-@noindent
-If you need to protect special characters such as newlines in file names,
-use find's @option{-print0} option and parallel's @option{-0} option.
-
-You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the
-number of files is too large to process with one @code{mv} invocation:
-@example
-ls | parallel mv @{@} destdir
-@end example
-
-As you can see, the @{@} is replaced with each line read from standard input.
-While using @code{ls} will work in most instances, it is not sufficient to
-deal with all filenames.
-If you need to accommodate special characters in filenames, you can use
-
-@example
-find . -depth 1 \! -name '.*' -print0 | parallel -0 mv @{@} destdir
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-as alluded to above.
-
-This will run as many @code{mv} commands as there are files in the current
-directory.
-You can emulate a parallel @code{xargs} by adding the @option{-X} option:
-@example
-find . -depth 1 \! -name '.*' -print0 | parallel -0 -X mv @{@} destdir
-@end example
-
-GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read
-from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line):
-@example
- while IFS= read -r x; do
- do-something1 "$x" "config-$x"
- do-something2 < "$x"
- done < file | process-output
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
-@example
-cat list | parallel "do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < @{@}" | process-output
-@end example
-
-Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which
-lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:
-@example
-ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}"
-@end example
-@noindent
-This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending
-in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
-(We use @code{ls} for brevity here; using @code{find} as above is more
-robust in the face of filenames containing unexpected characters.)
-Parallel can take arguments from the command line; the above can also be
-written as
-
-@example
-parallel "zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}" ::: *.gz
-@end example
-
-If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in
-the output. For instance, the following command
-@example
-@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel traceroute
-@end example
-@noindent
-will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.
-Adding the @option{-k} option
-@example
-@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel -k traceroute
-@end example
-@noindent
-will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed first.
-
-Finally, Parallel can be used to run a sequence of shell commands in parallel,
-similar to @samp{cat file | bash}.
-It is not uncommon to take a list of filenames, create a series of shell
-commands to operate on them, and feed that list of commnds to a shell.
-Parallel can speed this up. Assuming that @file{file} contains a list of
-shell commands, one per line,
-
-@example
-parallel -j 10 < file
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-will evaluate the commands using the shell (since no explicit command is
-supplied as an argument), in blocks of ten shell jobs at a time.
-
-@node Shell Functions
-@section Shell Functions
-@cindex shell function
-@cindex functions, shell
-
-Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution
-using a single name for the group. They are executed just like
-a "regular" command.
-When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name,
-the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.
-Shell functions are executed in the current
-shell context; no new process is created to interpret them.
-
-Functions are declared using this syntax:
-@rwindex function
-@example
-@var{name} () @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]
-@end example
-
-or
-
-@example
-function @var{name} [()] @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]
-@end example
-
-This defines a shell function named @var{name}. The reserved
-word @code{function} is optional.
-If the @code{function} reserved
-word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.
-The @var{body} of the function is the compound command
-@var{compound-command} (@pxref{Compound Commands}).
-That command is usually a @var{list} enclosed between @{ and @}, but
-may be any compound command listed above.
-@var{compound-command} is executed whenever @var{name} is specified as the
-name of a command.
-When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
-@var{name} may not be the same as one of the special builtins
-(@pxref{Special Builtins}).
-Any redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) associated with the shell function
-are performed when the function is executed.
-
-A function definition may be deleted using the @option{-f} option to the
-@code{unset} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-
-The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
-occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
-When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
-last command executed in the body.
-
-Note that for historical reasons, in the most common usage the curly braces
-that surround the body of the function must be separated from the body by
-@code{blank}s or newlines.
-This is because the braces are reserved words and are only recognized
-as such when they are separated from the command list
-by whitespace or another shell metacharacter.
-Also, when using the braces, the @var{list} must be terminated by a semicolon,
-a @samp{&}, or a newline.
-
-When a function is executed, the arguments to the
-function become the positional parameters
-during its execution (@pxref{Positional Parameters}).
-The special parameter @samp{#} that expands to the number of
-positional parameters is updated to reflect the change.
-Special parameter @code{0} is unchanged.
-The first element of the @env{FUNCNAME} variable is set to the
-name of the function while the function is executing.
-
-All other aspects of the shell execution
-environment are identical between a function and its caller
-with these exceptions:
-the @env{DEBUG} and @env{RETURN} traps
-are not inherited unless the function has been given the
-@code{trace} attribute using the @code{declare} builtin or
-the @code{-o functrace} option has been enabled with
-the @code{set} builtin,
-(in which case all functions inherit the @env{DEBUG} and @env{RETURN} traps),
-and the @env{ERR} trap is not inherited unless the @code{-o errtrace}
-shell option has been enabled.
-@xref{Bourne Shell Builtins}, for the description of the
-@code{trap} builtin.
-
-The @env{FUNCNEST} variable, if set to a numeric value greater
-than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function
-invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to
-abort.
-
-If the builtin command @code{return}
-is executed in a function, the function completes and
-execution resumes with the next command after the function
-call.
-Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed
-before execution resumes.
-When a function completes, the values of the
-positional parameters and the special parameter @samp{#}
-are restored to the values they had prior to the function's
-execution. If a numeric argument is given to @code{return},
-that is the function's return status; otherwise the function's
-return status is the exit status of the last command executed
-before the @code{return}.
-
-Variables local to the function may be declared with the
-@code{local} builtin. These variables are visible only to
-the function and the commands it invokes.
-
-Function names and definitions may be listed with the
-@option{-f} option to the @code{declare} (@code{typeset})
-builtin command (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-The @option{-F} option to @code{declare} or @code{typeset}
-will list the function names only
-(and optionally the source file and line number, if the @code{extdebug}
-shell option is enabled).
-Functions may be exported so that subshells
-automatically have them defined with the
-@option{-f} option to the @code{export} builtin
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
-in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
-shell's children.
-Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
-
-Functions may be recursive.
-The @code{FUNCNEST} variable may be used to limit the depth of the
-function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations.
-By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls.
-
-@node Shell Parameters
-@section Shell Parameters
-@cindex parameters
-@cindex variable, shell
-@cindex shell variable
-
-@menu
-* Positional Parameters:: The shell's command-line arguments.
-* Special Parameters:: Parameters denoted by special characters.
-@end menu
-
-A @var{parameter} is an entity that stores values.
-It can be a @code{name}, a number, or one of the special characters
-listed below.
-A @var{variable} is a parameter denoted by a @code{name}.
-A variable has a @var{value} and zero or more @var{attributes}.
-Attributes are assigned using the @code{declare} builtin command
-(see the description of the @code{declare} builtin in @ref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
-a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
-the @code{unset} builtin command.
-
-A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
-@example
-@var{name}=[@var{value}]
-@end example
-@noindent
-If @var{value}
-is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
-@var{value}s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
-removal (detailed below). If the variable has its @code{integer}
-attribute set, then @var{value}
-is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the @code{$((@dots{}))}
-expansion is not used (@pxref{Arithmetic Expansion}).
-Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
-of @code{"$@@"} as explained below.
-Filename expansion is not performed.
-Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the
-@code{alias},
-@code{declare}, @code{typeset}, @code{export}, @code{readonly},
-and @code{local} builtin commands.
-When in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), these builtins may appear
-in a command after one or more instances of the @code{command} builtin
-and retain these assignment statement properties.
-
-In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index (@pxref{Arrays}), the @samp{+=}
-operator can be used to
-append to or add to the variable's previous value.
-When @samp{+=} is applied to a variable for which the @var{integer} attribute
-has been set, @var{value} is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and
-added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
-When @samp{+=} is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
-(@pxref{Arrays}), the
-variable's value is not unset (as it is when using @samp{=}), and new
-values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
-maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
-in an associative array.
-When applied to a string-valued variable, @var{value} is expanded and
-appended to the variable's value.
-
-A variable can be assigned the @var{nameref} attribute using the
-@option{-n} option to the \fBdeclare\fP or \fBlocal\fP builtin commands
-(@pxref{Bash Builtins})
-to create a @var{nameref}, or a reference to another variable.
-This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly.
-Whenever the nameref variable is referenced or assigned to, the operation
-is actually performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's
-value.
-A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a variable
-whose name is passed as an argument to the function.
-For instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first
-argument, running
-@example
-declare -n ref=$1
-@end example
-@noindent
-inside the function creates a nameref variable @var{ref} whose value is
-the variable name passed as the first argument.
-References and assignments to @var{ref} are treated as references and
-assignments to the variable whose name was passed as @code{$1}.
-
-If the control variable in a @code{for} loop has the nameref attribute,
-the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a name reference
-will be established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is
-executed.
-Array variables cannot be given the @option{-n} attribute.
-However, nameref variables can reference array variables and subscripted
-array variables.
-Namerefs can be unset using the @option{-n} option to the @code{unset} builtin
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-Otherwise, if @code{unset} is executed with the name of a nameref variable
-as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable will be unset.
-
-@node Positional Parameters
-@subsection Positional Parameters
-@cindex parameters, positional
-
-A @var{positional parameter} is a parameter denoted by one or more
-digits, other than the single digit @code{0}. Positional parameters are
-assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked,
-and may be reassigned using the @code{set} builtin command.
-Positional parameter @code{N} may be referenced as @code{$@{N@}}, or
-as @code{$N} when @code{N} consists of a single digit.
-Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.
-The @code{set} and @code{shift} builtins are used to set and
-unset them (@pxref{Shell Builtin Commands}).
-The positional parameters are
-temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed
-(@pxref{Shell Functions}).
-
-When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
-digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces.
-
-@node Special Parameters
-@subsection Special Parameters
-@cindex parameters, special
-
-The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
-only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
-
-@vtable @code
-
-@item *
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
-expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
-with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
-of the @env{IFS}
-special variable. That is, @code{"$*"} is equivalent
-to @code{"$1@var{c}$2@var{c}@dots{}"}, where @var{c}
-is the first character of the value of the @code{IFS}
-variable.
-If @env{IFS} is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.
-If @env{IFS} is null, the parameters are joined without intervening
-separators.
-
-
-@item @@
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
-expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
-separate word. That is, @code{"$@@"} is equivalent to
-@code{"$1" "$2" @dots{}}.
-If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
-the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
-word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
-part of the original word.
-When there are no positional parameters, @code{"$@@"} and
-@code{$@@}
-expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
-
-@item #
-Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
-
-@item ?
-Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
-pipeline.
-
-@item -
-(A hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon
-invocation, by the @code{set}
-builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
-(such as the @option{-i} option).
-
-@item $
-Expands to the process @sc{id} of the shell. In a @code{()} subshell, it
-expands to the process @sc{id} of the invoking shell, not the subshell.
-
-@item !
-Expands to the process @sc{id} of the most recently executed background
-(asynchronous) command.
-
-@item 0
-Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
-shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
-(@pxref{Shell Scripts}), @code{$0} is set to the name of that file.
-If Bash is started with the @option{-c} option (@pxref{Invoking Bash}),
-then @code{$0} is set to the first argument after the string to be
-executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
-to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
-
-@item _
-(An underscore.)
-At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
-shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
-or argument list.
-Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
-after expansion.
-Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
-and placed in the environment exported to that command.
-When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file.
-@end vtable
-
-@node Shell Expansions
-@section Shell Expansions
-@cindex expansion
-
-Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
-@code{token}s. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item brace expansion
-@item tilde expansion
-@item parameter and variable expansion
-@item command substitution
-@item arithmetic expansion
-@item word splitting
-@item filename expansion
-@end itemize
-
-@menu
-* Brace Expansion:: Expansion of expressions within braces.
-* Tilde Expansion:: Expansion of the ~ character.
-* Shell Parameter Expansion:: How Bash expands variables to their values.
-* Command Substitution:: Using the output of a command as an argument.
-* Arithmetic Expansion:: How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.
-* Process Substitution:: A way to write and read to and from a
- command.
-* Word Splitting:: How the results of expansion are split into separate
- arguments.
-* Filename Expansion:: A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.
-* Quote Removal:: How and when quote characters are removed from
- words.
-@end menu
-
-The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
-parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
-command substitution
-(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename
-expansion.
-
-On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
-available: @var{process substitution}. This is performed at the
-same time as parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
-command substitution.
-
-Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion
-can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
-expand a single word to a single word.
-The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
-@code{"$@@"} (@pxref{Special Parameters}) and @code{"$@{@var{name}[@@]@}"}
-(@pxref{Arrays}).
-
-After all expansions, @code{quote removal} (@pxref{Quote Removal})
-is performed.
-
-@node Brace Expansion
-@subsection Brace Expansion
-@cindex brace expansion
-@cindex expansion, brace
-
-Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
-This mechanism is similar to
-@var{filename expansion} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}),
-but the filenames generated need not exist.
-Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional @var{preamble},
-followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression
-between a pair of braces,
-followed by an optional @var{postscript}.
-The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
-the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left
-to right.
-
-Brace expansions may be nested.
-The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order
-is preserved.
-For example,
-@example
-bash$ echo a@{d,c,b@}e
-ade ace abe
-@end example
-
-A sequence expression takes the form @code{@{@var{x}..@var{y}[..@var{incr}]@}},
-where @var{x} and @var{y} are either integers or single characters,
-and @var{incr}, an optional increment, is an integer.
-When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
-@var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive.
-Supplied integers may be prefixed with @samp{0} to force each term to have the
-same width.
-When either @var{x} or @var{y} begins with a zero, the shell
-attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
-zero-padding where necessary.
-When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
-lexicographically between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive,
-using the default C locale.
-Note that both @var{x} and @var{y} must be of the same type.
-When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
-each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
-
-Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
-and any characters special to other expansions are preserved
-in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash
-does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the
-expansion or the text between the braces.
-To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string @samp{$@{}
-is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
-
-A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening
-and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
-sequence expression.
-Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
-
-A @{ or @samp{,} may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
-being considered part of a brace expression.
-To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string @samp{$@{}
-is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
-
-This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
-prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
-above example:
-@example
-mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/@{old,new,dist,bugs@}
-@end example
-or
-@example
-chown root /usr/@{ucb/@{ex,edit@},lib/@{ex?.?*,how_ex@}@}
-@end example
-
-@node Tilde Expansion
-@subsection Tilde Expansion
-@cindex tilde expansion
-@cindex expansion, tilde
-
-If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (@samp{~}), all of the
-characters up to the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
-if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a @var{tilde-prefix}.
-If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the
-characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a
-possible @var{login name}.
-If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
-value of the @env{HOME} shell variable.
-If @env{HOME} is unset, the home directory of the user executing the
-shell is substituted instead.
-Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory
-associated with the specified login name.
-
-If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~+}, the value of
-the shell variable @env{PWD} replaces the tilde-prefix.
-If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~-}, the value of the shell variable
-@env{OLDPWD}, if it is set, is substituted.
-
-If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a
-number @var{N}, optionally prefixed by a @samp{+} or a @samp{-},
-the tilde-prefix is replaced with the
-corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed
-by the @code{dirs} builtin invoked with the characters following tilde
-in the tilde-prefix as an argument (@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
-If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a
-leading @samp{+} or @samp{-}, @samp{+} is assumed.
-
-If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
-left unchanged.
-
-Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
-following a @samp{:} or the first @samp{=}.
-In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
-Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in assignments to
-@env{PATH}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{CDPATH},
-and the shell assigns the expanded value.
-
-The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes:
-
-@table @code
-@item ~
-The value of @code{$HOME}
-@item ~/foo
-@file{$HOME/foo}
-
-@item ~fred/foo
-The subdirectory @code{foo} of the home directory of the user
-@code{fred}
-
-@item ~+/foo
-@file{$PWD/foo}
-
-@item ~-/foo
-@file{$@{OLDPWD-'~-'@}/foo}
-
-@item ~@var{N}
-The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}
-
-@item ~+@var{N}
-The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}
-
-@item ~-@var{N}
-The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs -@var{N}}
-@end table
-
-@node Shell Parameter Expansion
-@subsection Shell Parameter Expansion
-@cindex parameter expansion
-@cindex expansion, parameter
-
-The @samp{$} character introduces parameter expansion,
-command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
-or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
-are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from
-characters immediately following it which could be
-interpreted as part of the name.
-
-When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first @samp{@}}
-not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
-embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
-expansion.
-
-The basic form of parameter expansion is $@{@var{parameter}@}.
-The value of @var{parameter} is substituted.
-The @var{parameter} is a shell parameter as described above
-(@pxref{Shell Parameters}) or an array reference (@pxref{Arrays}).
-The braces are required when @var{parameter}
-is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
-or when @var{parameter} is followed by a character that is not to be
-interpreted as part of its name.
-
-If the first character of @var{parameter} is an exclamation point (!),
-it introduces a level of variable indirection.
-Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
-@var{parameter} as the name of the variable; this variable is then
-expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
-than the value of @var{parameter} itself.
-This is known as @code{indirect expansion}.
-The exceptions to this are the expansions of $@{!@var{prefix}*@}
-and $@{!@var{name}[@@]@}
-described below.
-The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
-introduce indirection.
-
-In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion,
-parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
-
-When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
-below (e.g., @samp{:-}), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
-Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
-Put another way, if the colon is included,
-the operator tests for both @var{parameter}'s existence and that its value
-is not null; if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}:@minus{}@var{word}@}
-If @var{parameter} is unset or null, the expansion of
-@var{word} is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
-@var{parameter} is substituted.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}:=@var{word}@}
-If @var{parameter}
-is unset or null, the expansion of @var{word}
-is assigned to @var{parameter}.
-The value of @var{parameter} is then substituted.
-Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to
-in this way.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}:?@var{word}@}
-If @var{parameter}
-is null or unset, the expansion of @var{word} (or a message
-to that effect if @var{word}
-is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it
-is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of @var{parameter} is
-substituted.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}:+@var{word}@}
-If @var{parameter}
-is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of
-@var{word} is substituted.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}@}
-@itemx $@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}:@var{length}@}
-This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
-It expands to up to @var{length} characters of the value of @var{parameter}
-starting at the character specified by @var{offset}.
-If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, an indexed array subscripted by
-@samp{@@} or @samp{*}, or an associative array name, the results differ as
-described below.
-If @var{length} is omitted, it expands to the substring of the value of
-@var{parameter} starting at the character specified by @var{offset}
-and extending to the end of the value.
-@var{length} and @var{offset} are arithmetic expressions
-(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
-
-If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
-is used as an offset in characters
-from the end of the value of @var{parameter}.
-If @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero,
-it is interpreted as an offset in characters
-from the end of the value of @var{parameter} rather than
-a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
-@var{offset} and that result.
-Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
-one space to avoid being confused with the @samp{:-} expansion.
-
-Here are some examples illustrating substring expansion on parameters and
-subscripted arrays:
-
-@verbatim
-$ string=01234567890abcdefgh
-$ echo ${string:7}
-7890abcdefgh
-$ echo ${string:7:0}
-
-$ echo ${string:7:2}
-78
-$ echo ${string:7:-2}
-7890abcdef
-$ echo ${string: -7}
-bcdefgh
-$ echo ${string: -7:0}
-
-$ echo ${string: -7:2}
-bc
-$ echo ${string: -7:-2}
-bcdef
-$ set -- 01234567890abcdefgh
-$ echo ${1:7}
-7890abcdefgh
-$ echo ${1:7:0}
-
-$ echo ${1:7:2}
-78
-$ echo ${1:7:-2}
-7890abcdef
-$ echo ${1: -7}
-bcdefgh
-$ echo ${1: -7:0}
-
-$ echo ${1: -7:2}
-bc
-$ echo ${1: -7:-2}
-bcdef
-$ array[0]=01234567890abcdefgh
-$ echo ${array[0]:7}
-7890abcdefgh
-$ echo ${array[0]:7:0}
-
-$ echo ${array[0]:7:2}
-78
-$ echo ${array[0]:7:-2}
-7890abcdef
-$ echo ${array[0]: -7}
-bcdefgh
-$ echo ${array[0]: -7:0}
-
-$ echo ${array[0]: -7:2}
-bc
-$ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2}
-bcdef
-@end verbatim
-
-If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional
-parameters beginning at @var{offset}.
-A negative @var{offset} is taken relative to one greater than the greatest
-positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional
-parameter.
-It is an expansion error if @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero.
-
-The following examples illustrate substring expansion using positional
-parameters:
-
-@verbatim
-$ set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
-$ echo ${@:7}
-7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
-$ echo ${@:7:0}
-
-$ echo ${@:7:2}
-7 8
-$ echo ${@:7:-2}
-bash: -2: substring expression < 0
-$ echo ${@: -7:2}
-b c
-$ echo ${@:0}
-./bash 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
-$ echo ${@:0:2}
-./bash 1
-$ echo ${@: -7:0}
-
-@end verbatim
-
-If @var{parameter} is an indexed array name subscripted
-by @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the result is the @var{length}
-members of the array beginning with @code{$@{@var{parameter}[@var{offset}]@}}.
-A negative @var{offset} is taken relative to one greater than the maximum
-index of the specified array.
-It is an expansion error if @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero.
-
-These examples show how you can use substring expansion with indexed
-arrays:
-
-@verbatim
-$ array=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h)
-$ echo ${array[@]:7}
-7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
-$ echo ${array[@]:7:2}
-7 8
-$ echo ${array[@]: -7:2}
-b c
-$ echo ${array[@]: -7:-2}
-bash: -2: substring expression < 0
-$ echo ${array[@]:0}
-0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
-$ echo ${array[@]:0:2}
-0 1
-$ echo ${array[@]: -7:0}
-
-@end verbatim
-
-Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined
-results.
-
-Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
-are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
-If @var{offset} is 0, and the positional parameters are used, @code{$@@} is
-prefixed to the list.
-
-@item $@{!@var{prefix}*@}
-@itemx $@{!@var{prefix}@@@}
-Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with @var{prefix},
-separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} special variable.
-When @samp{@@} is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
-variable name expands to a separate word.
-
-@item $@{!@var{name}[@@]@}
-@itemx $@{!@var{name}[*]@}
-If @var{name} is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices
-(keys) assigned in @var{name}.
-If @var{name} is not an array, expands to 0 if @var{name} is set and null
-otherwise.
-When @samp{@@} is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
-key expands to a separate word.
-
-@item $@{#@var{parameter}@}
-The length in characters of the expanded value of @var{parameter} is
-substituted.
-If @var{parameter} is @samp{*} or @samp{@@}, the value substituted
-is the number of positional parameters.
-If @var{parameter} is an array name subscripted by @samp{*} or @samp{@@},
-the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
-If @var{parameter}
-is an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is
-interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
-@var{parameter}, so negative indices count back from the end of the
-array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}#@var{word}@}
-@itemx $@{@var{parameter}##@var{word}@}
-The @var{word}
-is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
-expansion (@pxref{Filename Expansion}). If the pattern matches
-the beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter},
-then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of @var{parameter}
-with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{#} case) or the
-longest matching pattern (the @samp{##} case) deleted.
-If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If @var{parameter} is an array variable subscripted with
-@samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}%@var{word}@}
-@itemx $@{@var{parameter}%%@var{word}@}
-The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-filename expansion.
-If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of
-@var{parameter}, then the result of the expansion is the value of
-@var{parameter} with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{%} case)
-or the longest matching pattern (the @samp{%%} case) deleted.
-If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If @var{parameter}
-is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}/@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
-
-The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-filename expansion.
-@var{Parameter} is expanded and the longest match of @var{pattern}
-against its value is replaced with @var{string}.
-If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{/}, all matches of @var{pattern} are
-replaced with @var{string}. Normally only the first match is replaced.
-If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{#}, it must match at the beginning
-of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.
-If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{%}, it must match at the end
-of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.
-If @var{string} is null, matches of @var{pattern} are deleted
-and the @code{/} following @var{pattern} may be omitted.
-If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the substitution operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If @var{parameter}
-is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the substitution operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-
-@item $@{@var{parameter}^@var{pattern}@}
-@itemx $@{@var{parameter}^^@var{pattern}@}
-@itemx $@{@var{parameter},@var{pattern}@}
-@itemx $@{@var{parameter},,@var{pattern}@}
-This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in @var{parameter}.
-The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
-filename expansion.
-Each character in the expanded value of @var{parameter} is tested against
-@var{pattern}, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
-The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
-The @samp{^} operator converts lowercase letters matching @var{pattern}
-to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching uppercase letters
-to lowercase.
-The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions convert each matched character in the
-expanded value; the @samp{^} and @samp{,} expansions match and convert only
-the first character in the expanded value.
-If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, which matches
-every character.
-If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the case modification operation is applied to each positional
-parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-If @var{parameter}
-is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
-the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
-array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-@end table
-
-@node Command Substitution
-@subsection Command Substitution
-@cindex command substitution
-
-Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace
-the command itself.
-Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows:
-@example
-$(@var{command})
-@end example
-@noindent
-or
-@example
-`@var{command}`
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Bash performs the expansion by executing @var{command} and
-replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the
-command, with any trailing newlines deleted.
-Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during
-word splitting.
-The command substitution @code{$(cat @var{file})} can be
-replaced by the equivalent but faster @code{$(< @var{file})}.
-
-When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used,
-backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by
-@samp{$}, @samp{`}, or @samp{\}.
-The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the
-command substitution.
-When using the @code{$(@var{command})} form, all characters between
-the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
-
-Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
-form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
-
-If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
-filename expansion are not performed on the results.
-
-@node Arithmetic Expansion
-@subsection Arithmetic Expansion
-@cindex expansion, arithmetic
-@cindex arithmetic expansion
-
-Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
-and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
-
-@example
-$(( @var{expression} ))
-@end example
-
-The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but
-a double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
-All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, and quote removal.
-The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
-Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
-
-The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
-(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
-If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating
-failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs.
-
-@node Process Substitution
-@subsection Process Substitution
-@cindex process substitution
-
-Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
-pipes (@sc{fifo}s) or the @file{/dev/fd} method of naming open files.
-It takes the form of
-@example
-<(@var{list})
-@end example
-@noindent
-or
-@example
->(@var{list})
-@end example
-@noindent
-The process @var{list} is run with its input or output connected to a
-@sc{fifo} or some file in @file{/dev/fd}. The name of this file is
-passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
-expansion. If the @code{>(@var{list})} form is used, writing to
-the file will provide input for @var{list}. If the
-@code{<(@var{list})} form is used, the file passed as an
-argument should be read to obtain the output of @var{list}.
-Note that no space may appear between the @code{<} or @code{>}
-and the left parenthesis, otherwise the construct would be interpreted
-as a redirection.
-
-When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
-parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
-expansion.
-
-@node Word Splitting
-@subsection Word Splitting
-@cindex word splitting
-
-The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution,
-and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for
-word splitting.
-
-The shell treats each character of @env{$IFS} as a delimiter, and splits
-the results of the other expansions into words on these characters.
-If @env{IFS} is unset, or its value is exactly @code{<space><tab><newline>},
-the default, then sequences of
-@code{ <space>}, @code{<tab>}, and @code{<newline>}
-at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
-expansions are ignored, and any sequence of @env{IFS}
-characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
-If @env{IFS} has a value other than the default, then sequences of
-the whitespace characters @code{space} and @code{tab}
-are ignored at the beginning and end of the
-word, as long as the whitespace character is in the
-value of @env{IFS} (an @env{IFS} whitespace character).
-Any character in @env{IFS} that is not @env{IFS}
-whitespace, along with any adjacent @env{IFS}
-whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of @env{IFS}
-whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
-If the value of @env{IFS} is null, no word splitting occurs.
-
-Explicit null arguments (@code{""} or @code{''}) are retained.
-Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
-parameters that have no values, are removed.
-If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
-null argument results and is retained.
-
-Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
-is performed.
-
-@node Filename Expansion
-@subsection Filename Expansion
-@menu
-* Pattern Matching:: How the shell matches patterns.
-@end menu
-@cindex expansion, filename
-@cindex expansion, pathname
-@cindex filename expansion
-@cindex pathname expansion
-
-After word splitting, unless the @option{-f} option has been set
-(@pxref{The Set Builtin}), Bash scans each word for the characters
-@samp{*}, @samp{?}, and @samp{[}.
-If one of these characters appears, then the word is
-regarded as a @var{pattern},
-and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
-filenames matching the pattern (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).
-If no matching filenames are found,
-and the shell option @code{nullglob} is disabled, the word is left
-unchanged.
-If the @code{nullglob} option is set, and no matches are found, the word
-is removed.
-If the @code{failglob} shell option is set, and no matches are found,
-an error message is printed and the command is not executed.
-If the shell option @code{nocaseglob} is enabled, the match is performed
-without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
-
-When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character @samp{.}
-at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
-must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option @code{dotglob} is set.
-When matching a filename, the slash character must always be
-matched explicitly.
-In other cases, the @samp{.} character is not treated specially.
-
-See the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin},
-for a description of the @code{nocaseglob}, @code{nullglob},
-@code{failglob}, and @code{dotglob} options.
-
-The @env{GLOBIGNORE}
-shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a
-pattern. If @env{GLOBIGNORE}
-is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in
-@env{GLOBIGNORE} is removed from the list of matches. The filenames
-@file{.} and @file{..}
-are always ignored when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
-is set and not null.
-However, setting @env{GLOBIGNORE} to a non-null value has the effect of
-enabling the @code{dotglob}
-shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
-@samp{.} will match.
-To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
-@samp{.}, make @samp{.*} one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}.
-The @code{dotglob} option is disabled when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
-is unset.
-
-@node Pattern Matching
-@subsubsection Pattern Matching
-@cindex pattern matching
-@cindex matching, pattern
-
-Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
-characters described below, matches itself.
-The @sc{nul} character may not occur in a pattern.
-A backslash escapes the following character; the
-escaping backslash is discarded when matching.
-The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched
-literally.
-
-The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
-@table @code
-@item *
-Matches any string, including the null string.
-When the @code{globstar} shell option is enabled, and @samp{*} is used in
-a filename expansion context, two adjacent @samp{*}s used as a single
-pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and
-subdirectories.
-If followed by a @samp{/}, two adjacent @samp{*}s will match only
-directories and subdirectories.
-@item ?
-Matches any single character.
-@item [@dots{}]
-Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
-separated by a hyphen denotes a @var{range expression};
-any character that falls between those two characters, inclusive,
-using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
-is matched. If the first character following the
-@samp{[} is a @samp{!} or a @samp{^}
-then any character not enclosed is matched. A @samp{@minus{}}
-may be matched by including it as the first or last character
-in the set. A @samp{]} may be matched by including it as the first
-character in the set.
-The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
-the current locale and the values of the
-@env{LC_COLLATE} and @env{LC_ALL} shell variables, if set.
-
-For example, in the default C locale, @samp{[a-dx-z]} is equivalent to
-@samp{[abcdxyz]}. Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in
-these locales @samp{[a-dx-z]} is typically not equivalent to @samp{[abcdxyz]};
-it might be equivalent to @samp{[aBbCcDdxXyYz]}, for example. To obtain
-the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket expressions, you can
-force the use of the C locale by setting the @env{LC_COLLATE} or
-@env{LC_ALL} environment variable to the value @samp{C}, or enable the
-@code{globasciiranges} shell option.
-
-Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, @var{character classes} can be specified
-using the syntax
-@code{[:}@var{class}@code{:]}, where @var{class} is one of the
-following classes defined in the @sc{posix} standard:
-@example
-alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower
-print punct space upper word xdigit
-@end example
-@noindent
-A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
-The @code{word} character class matches letters, digits, and the character
-@samp{_}.
-
-Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, an @var{equivalence class} can be
-specified using the syntax @code{[=}@var{c}@code{=]}, which
-matches all characters with the same collation weight (as defined
-by the current locale) as the character @var{c}.
-
-Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, the syntax @code{[.}@var{symbol}@code{.]}
-matches the collating symbol @var{symbol}.
-@end table
-
-If the @code{extglob} shell option is enabled using the @code{shopt}
-builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.
-In the following description, a @var{pattern-list} is a list of one
-or more patterns separated by a @samp{|}.
-Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following
-sub-patterns:
-
-@table @code
-@item ?(@var{pattern-list})
-Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns.
-
-@item *(@var{pattern-list})
-Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns.
-
-@item +(@var{pattern-list})
-Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns.
-
-@item @@(@var{pattern-list})
-Matches one of the given patterns.
-
-@item !(@var{pattern-list})
-Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
-@end table
-
-@node Quote Removal
-@subsection Quote Removal
-
-After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
-characters @samp{\}, @samp{'}, and @samp{"} that did not
-result from one of the above expansions are removed.
-
-@node Redirections
-@section Redirections
-@cindex redirection
-
-Before a command is executed, its input and output
-may be @var{redirected}
-using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
-Redirection allows commands' file handles to be
-duplicated, opened, closed,
-made to refer to different files,
-and can change the files the command reads from and writes to.
-Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
-current shell execution environment. The following redirection
-operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
-simple command or may follow a command.
-Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
-left to right.
-
-Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number
-may instead be preceded by a word of the form @{@var{varname}@}.
-In this case, for each redirection operator except
->&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor greater
-than 10 and assign it to @{@var{varname}@}. If >&- or <&- is preceded
-by @{@var{varname}@}, the value of @var{varname} defines the file
-descriptor to close.
-
-In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is
-omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is
-@samp{<}, the redirection refers to the standard input (file
-descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirection operator
-is @samp{>}, the redirection refers to the standard output (file
-descriptor 1).
-
-The word following the redirection operator in the following
-descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
-tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
-expansion, quote removal, filename expansion, and word splitting.
-If it expands to more than one word, Bash reports an error.
-
-Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example,
-the command
-@example
-ls > @var{dirlist} 2>&1
-@end example
-@noindent
-directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error
-(file descriptor 2) to the file @var{dirlist}, while the command
-@example
-ls 2>&1 > @var{dirlist}
-@end example
-@noindent
-directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist},
-because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output
-before the standard output was redirected to @var{dirlist}.
-
-Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
-redirections, as described in the following table:
-
-@table @code
-@item /dev/fd/@var{fd}
-If @var{fd} is a valid integer, file descriptor @var{fd} is duplicated.
-
-@item /dev/stdin
-File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
-
-@item /dev/stdout
-File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
-
-@item /dev/stderr
-File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
-
-@item /dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}
-If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port}
-is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open
-the corresponding TCP socket.
-
-@item /dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}
-If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port}
-is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open
-the corresponding UDP socket.
-@end table
-
-A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
-
-Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
-care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
-internally.
-
-@subsection Redirecting Input
-Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
-the expansion of @var{word}
-to be opened for reading on file descriptor @code{n},
-or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if @code{n}
-is not specified.
-
-The general format for redirecting input is:
-@example
-[@var{n}]<@var{word}
-@end example
-
-@subsection Redirecting Output
-Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
-the expansion of @var{word}
-to be opened for writing on file descriptor @var{n},
-or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n}
-is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created;
-if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
-
-The general format for redirecting output is:
-@example
-[@var{n}]>[|]@var{word}
-@end example
-
-If the redirection operator is @samp{>}, and the @code{noclobber}
-option to the @code{set} builtin has been enabled, the redirection
-will fail if the file whose name results from the expansion of
-@var{word} exists and is a regular file.
-If the redirection operator is @samp{>|}, or the redirection operator is
-@samp{>} and the @code{noclobber} option is not enabled, the redirection
-is attempted even if the file named by @var{word} exists.
-
-@subsection Appending Redirected Output
-Redirection of output in this fashion
-causes the file whose name results from
-the expansion of @var{word}
-to be opened for appending on file descriptor @var{n},
-or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n}
-is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
-
-The general format for appending output is:
-@example
-[@var{n}]>>@var{word}
-@end example
-
-@subsection Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
-This construct allows both the
-standard output (file descriptor 1) and
-the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
-to be redirected to the file whose name is the
-expansion of @var{word}.
-
-There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
-standard error:
-@example
-&>@var{word}
-@end example
-@noindent
-and
-@example
->&@var{word}
-@end example
-@noindent
-Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
-This is semantically equivalent to
-@example
->@var{word} 2>&1
-@end example
-When using the second form, @var{word} may not expand to a number or
-@samp{-}. If it does, other redirection operators apply
-(see Duplicating File Descriptors below) for compatibility reasons.
-
-@subsection Appending Standard Output and Standard Error
-This construct allows both the
-standard output (file descriptor 1) and
-the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
-to be appended to the file whose name is the
-expansion of @var{word}.
-
-The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
-@example
-&>>@var{word}
-@end example
-@noindent
-This is semantically equivalent to
-@example
->>@var{word} 2>&1
-@end example
-(see Duplicating File Descriptors below).
-
-@subsection Here Documents
-This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
-current source until a line containing only @var{word}
-(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of
-the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard
-input for a command.
-
-The format of here-documents is:
-@example
-<<[@minus{}]@var{word}
- @var{here-document}
-@var{delimiter}
-@end example
-
-No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
-arithmetic expansion, or filename expansion is performed on
-@var{word}. If any characters in @var{word} are quoted, the
-@var{delimiter} is the result of quote removal on @var{word},
-and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
-If @var{word} is unquoted,
-all lines of the here-document are subjected to
-parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
-the character sequence @code{\newline} is ignored, and @samp{\}
-must be used to quote the characters
-@samp{\}, @samp{$}, and @samp{`}.
-
-If the redirection operator is @samp{<<-},
-then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the
-line containing @var{delimiter}.
-This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
-natural fashion.
-
-@subsection Here Strings
-A variant of here documents, the format is:
-@example
-<<< @var{word}
-@end example
-
-The @var{word} undergoes
-brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
-command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.
-Pathname expansion and word splitting are not performed.
-The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its
-standard input.
-
-@subsection Duplicating File Descriptors
-The redirection operator
-@example
-[@var{n}]<&@var{word}
-@end example
-@noindent
-is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
-If @var{word}
-expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by @var{n}
-is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.
-If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for
-input, a redirection error occurs.
-If @var{word}
-evaluates to @samp{-}, file descriptor @var{n} is closed.
-If @var{n} is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
-
-The operator
-@example
-[@var{n}]>&@var{word}
-@end example
-@noindent
-is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If
-@var{n} is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
-If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for
-output, a redirection error occurs.
-If @var{word}
-evaluates to @samp{-}, file descriptor @var{n} is closed.
-As a special case, if @var{n} is omitted, and @var{word} does not
-expand to one or more digits or @samp{-}, the standard output and standard
-error are redirected as described previously.
-
-@subsection Moving File Descriptors
-The redirection operator
-@example
-[@var{n}]<&@var{digit}-
-@end example
-@noindent
-moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n},
-or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if @var{n} is not specified.
-@var{digit} is closed after being duplicated to @var{n}.
-
-Similarly, the redirection operator
-@example
-[@var{n}]>&@var{digit}-
-@end example
-@noindent
-moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n},
-or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is not specified.
-
-@subsection Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
-The redirection operator
-@example
-[@var{n}]<>@var{word}
-@end example
-@noindent
-causes the file whose name is the expansion of @var{word}
-to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor
-@var{n}, or on file descriptor 0 if @var{n}
-is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
-
-@node Executing Commands
-@section Executing Commands
-
-@menu
-* Simple Command Expansion:: How Bash expands simple commands before
- executing them.
-* Command Search and Execution:: How Bash finds commands and runs them.
-* Command Execution Environment:: The environment in which Bash
- executes commands that are not
- shell builtins.
-* Environment:: The environment given to a command.
-* Exit Status:: The status returned by commands and how Bash
- interprets it.
-* Signals:: What happens when Bash or a command it runs
- receives a signal.
-@end menu
-
-@node Simple Command Expansion
-@subsection Simple Command Expansion
-@cindex command expansion
-
-When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
-expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those
-preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later
-processing.
-
-@item
-The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
-expanded (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).
-If any words remain after expansion, the first word
-is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
-the arguments.
-
-@item
-Redirections are performed as described above (@pxref{Redirections}).
-
-@item
-The text after the @samp{=} in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
-expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
-and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
-@end enumerate
-
-If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
-shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment
-of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.
-If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable,
-an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
-
-If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
-affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
-command to exit with a non-zero status.
-
-If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
-described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions
-contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
-the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
-were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
-
-@node Command Search and Execution
-@subsection Command Search and Execution
-@cindex command execution
-@cindex command search
-
-After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
-simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
-actions are taken.
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
-locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
-function is invoked as described in @ref{Shell Functions}.
-
-@item
-If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for
-it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that
-builtin is invoked.
-
-@item
-If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin,
-and contains no slashes, Bash searches each element of
-@env{$PATH} for a directory containing an executable file
-by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full
-pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple @env{PATH} searches
-(see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-A full search of the directories in @env{$PATH}
-is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
-If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
-function named @code{command_not_found_handle}.
-If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
-the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's
-exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.
-If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
-message and returns an exit status of 127.
-
-@item
-If the search is successful, or if the command name contains
-one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in
-a separate execution environment.
-Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments
-to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any.
-
-@item
-If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
-format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
-@var{shell script} and the shell executes it as described in
-@ref{Shell Scripts}.
-
-@item
-If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for
-the command to complete and collects its exit status.
-
-@end enumerate
-
-@node Command Execution Environment
-@subsection Command Execution Environment
-@cindex execution environment
-
-The shell has an @var{execution environment}, which consists of the
-following:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
-redirections supplied to the @code{exec} builtin
-
-@item
-the current working directory as set by @code{cd}, @code{pushd}, or
-@code{popd}, or inherited by the shell at invocation
-
-@item
-the file creation mode mask as set by @code{umask} or inherited from
-the shell's parent
-
-@item
-current traps set by @code{trap}
-
-@item
-shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with @code{set}
-or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
-
-@item
-shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's
-parent in the environment
-
-@item
-options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line
-arguments) or by @code{set}
-
-@item
-options enabled by @code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin})
-
-@item
-shell aliases defined with @code{alias} (@pxref{Aliases})
-
-@item
-various process @sc{id}s, including those of background jobs
-(@pxref{Lists}), the value of @code{$$}, and the value of
-@env{$PPID}
-
-@end itemize
-
-When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
-is to be executed, it
-is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
-the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
-from the shell.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
-by redirections to the command
-
-@item
-the current working directory
-
-@item
-the file creation mode mask
-
-@item
-shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
-exported for the command, passed in the environment (@pxref{Environment})
-
-@item
-traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the
-shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
-
-@end itemize
-
-A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
-shell's execution environment.
-
-Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses,
-and asynchronous commands are invoked in a
-subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment,
-except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values
-that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin
-commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed
-in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment
-cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
-
-Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
-the @option{-e} option from the parent shell. When not in @sc{posix} mode,
-Bash clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells.
-
-If a command is followed by a @samp{&} and job control is not active, the
-default standard input for the command is the empty file @file{/dev/null}.
-Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
-shell as modified by redirections.
-
-@node Environment
-@subsection Environment
-@cindex environment
-
-When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
-called the @var{environment}.
-This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form @code{name=value}.
-
-Bash provides several ways to manipulate the environment.
-On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and
-creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking
-it for @var{export}
-to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment.
-The @code{export} and @samp{declare -x}
-commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
-deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter
-in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part
-of the environment, replacing the old. The environment
-inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's
-initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell,
-less any pairs removed by the @code{unset} and @samp{export -n}
-commands, plus any additions via the @code{export} and
-@samp{declare -x} commands.
-
-The environment for any simple command
-or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
-parameter assignments, as described in @ref{Shell Parameters}.
-These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
-by that command.
-
-If the @option{-k} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}), then all
-parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
-not just those that precede the command name.
-
-When Bash invokes an external command, the variable @samp{$_}
-is set to the full pathname of the command and passed to that
-command in its environment.
-
-@node Exit Status
-@subsection Exit Status
-@cindex exit status
-
-The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
-@var{waitpid} system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
-fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
-use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and
-compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
-circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific
-failure modes.
-
-For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a
-zero exit status has succeeded.
-A non-zero exit status indicates failure.
-This seemingly counter-intuitive scheme is used so there
-is one well-defined way to indicate success and a variety of
-ways to indicate various failure modes.
-When a command terminates on a fatal signal whose number is @var{N},
-Bash uses the value 128+@var{N} as the exit status.
-
-If a command is not found, the child process created to
-execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found
-but is not executable, the return status is 126.
-
-If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
-the exit status is greater than zero.
-
-The exit status is used by the Bash conditional commands
-(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}) and some of the list
-constructs (@pxref{Lists}).
-
-All of the Bash builtins return an exit status of zero if they succeed
-and a non-zero status on failure, so they may be used by the
-conditional and list constructs.
-All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
-
-@node Signals
-@subsection Signals
-@cindex signal handling
-
-When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
-@code{SIGTERM} (so that @samp{kill 0} does not kill an interactive shell),
-and @code{SIGINT}
-is caught and handled (so that the @code{wait} builtin is interruptible).
-When Bash receives a @code{SIGINT}, it breaks out of any executing loops.
-In all cases, Bash ignores @code{SIGQUIT}.
-If job control is in effect (@pxref{Job Control}), Bash
-ignores @code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
-
-Non-builtin commands started by Bash have signal handlers set to the
-values inherited by the shell from its parent.
-When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands
-ignore @code{SIGINT} and @code{SIGQUIT} in addition to these inherited
-handlers.
-Commands run as a result of
-command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals
-@code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
-
-The shell exits by default upon receipt of a @code{SIGHUP}.
-Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the @code{SIGHUP} to
-all jobs, running or stopped.
-Stopped jobs are sent @code{SIGCONT} to ensure that they receive
-the @code{SIGHUP}.
-To prevent the shell from sending the @code{SIGHUP} signal to a
-particular job, it should be removed
-from the jobs table with the @code{disown}
-builtin (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or marked
-to not receive @code{SIGHUP} using @code{disown -h}.
-
-If the @code{huponexit} shell option has been set with @code{shopt}
-(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), Bash sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when
-an interactive login shell exits.
-
-If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal
-for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until
-the command completes.
-When Bash is waiting for an asynchronous
-command via the @code{wait} builtin, the reception of a signal for
-which a trap has been set will cause the @code{wait} builtin to return
-immediately with an exit status greater than 128, immediately after
-which the trap is executed.
-
-@node Shell Scripts
-@section Shell Scripts
-@cindex shell script
-
-A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such
-a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash,
-and neither the @option{-c} nor @option{-s} option is supplied
-(@pxref{Invoking Bash}),
-Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This
-mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first
-searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the
-directories in @env{$PATH} if not found there.
-
-When Bash runs
-a shell script, it sets the special parameter @code{0} to the name
-of the file, rather than the name of the shell, and the positional
-parameters are set to the remaining arguments, if any are given.
-If no additional arguments are supplied, the positional parameters
-are unset.
-
-A shell script may be made executable by using the @code{chmod} command
-to turn on the execute bit. When Bash finds such a file while
-searching the @env{$PATH} for a command, it spawns a subshell to
-execute it. In other words, executing
-@example
-filename @var{arguments}
-@end example
-@noindent
-is equivalent to executing
-@example
-bash filename @var{arguments}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-if @code{filename} is an executable shell script.
-This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a
-new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the
-exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
-(see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
-are retained by the child.
-
-Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's command
-execution mechanism. If the first line of a script begins with
-the two characters @samp{#!}, the remainder of the line specifies
-an interpreter for the program.
-Thus, you can specify Bash, @code{awk}, Perl, or some other
-interpreter and write the rest of the script file in that language.
-
-The arguments to the interpreter
-consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter
-name on the first line of the script file, followed by the name of
-the script file, followed by the rest of the arguments. Bash
-will perform this action on operating systems that do not handle it
-themselves. Note that some older versions of Unix limit the interpreter
-name and argument to a maximum of 32 characters.
-
-Bash scripts often begin with @code{#! /bin/bash} (assuming that
-Bash has been installed in @file{/bin}), since this ensures that
-Bash will be used to interpret the script, even if it is executed
-under another shell.
-
-@node Shell Builtin Commands
-@chapter Shell Builtin Commands
-
-@menu
-* Bourne Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
- Shell.
-* Bash Builtins:: Table of builtins specific to Bash.
-* Modifying Shell Behavior:: Builtins to modify shell attributes and
- optional behavior.
-* Special Builtins:: Builtin commands classified specially by
- POSIX.
-@end menu
-
-Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself.
-When the name of a builtin command is used as the first word of
-a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}), the shell executes
-the command directly, without invoking another program.
-Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality impossible
-or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities.
-
-This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from
-the Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique
-to or have been extended in Bash.
-
-Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin
-commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
-facilities (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}), the directory stack
-(@pxref{Directory Stack Builtins}), the command history
-(@pxref{Bash History Builtins}), and the programmable completion
-facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion Builtins}).
-
-Many of the builtins have been extended by @sc{posix} or Bash.
-
-Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented as accepting
-options preceded by @samp{-} accepts @samp{--}
-to signify the end of the options.
-The @code{:}, @code{true}, @code{false}, and @code{test}
-builtins do not accept options and do not treat @samp{--} specially.
-The @code{exit}, @code{logout}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, @code{let},
-and @code{shift} builtins accept and process arguments beginning
-with @samp{-} without requiring @samp{--}.
-Other builtins that accept arguments but are not specified as accepting
-options interpret arguments beginning with @samp{-} as invalid options and
-require @samp{--} to prevent this interpretation.
-
-@node Bourne Shell Builtins
-@section Bourne Shell Builtins
-
-The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
-These commands are implemented as specified by the @sc{posix} standard.
-
-@table @code
-@item : @r{(a colon)}
-@btindex :
-@example
-: [@var{arguments}]
-@end example
-
-Do nothing beyond expanding @var{arguments} and performing redirections.
-The return status is zero.
-
-@item . @r{(a period)}
-@btindex .
-@example
-. @var{filename} [@var{arguments}]
-@end example
-
-Read and execute commands from the @var{filename} argument in the
-current shell context. If @var{filename} does not contain a slash,
-the @env{PATH} variable is used to find @var{filename}.
-When Bash is not in @sc{posix} mode, the current directory is searched
-if @var{filename} is not found in @env{$PATH}.
-If any @var{arguments} are supplied, they become the positional
-parameters when @var{filename} is executed. Otherwise the positional
-parameters are unchanged.
-The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
-zero if no commands are executed. If @var{filename} is not found, or
-cannot be read, the return status is non-zero.
-This builtin is equivalent to @code{source}.
-
-@item break
-@btindex break
-@example
-break [@var{n}]
-@end example
-
-Exit from a @code{for}, @code{while}, @code{until}, or @code{select} loop.
-If @var{n} is supplied, the @var{n}th enclosing loop is exited.
-@var{n} must be greater than or equal to 1.
-The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1.
-
-@item cd
-@btindex cd
-@example
-cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [@var{directory}]
-@end example
-
-Change the current working directory to @var{directory}.
-If @var{directory} is not supplied, the value of the @env{HOME}
-shell variable is used.
-Any additional arguments following @var{directory} are ignored.
-If the shell variable
-@env{CDPATH} exists, it is used as a search path:
-each directory name in @env{CDPATH} is searched for
-@var{directory}, with alternative directory names in @env{CDPATH}
-separated by a colon (@samp{:}).
-If @var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used.
-
-The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
-are resolved while @code{cd} is traversing @var{directory} and before
-processing an instance of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
-
-By default, or when the @option{-L} option is supplied, symbolic links
-in @var{directory} are resolved after @code{cd} processes an instance
-of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
-
-If @samp{..} appears in @var{directory}, it is processed by removing the
-immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning
-of @var{directory}.
-
-If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P}
-and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
-after a successful directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful
-status.
-If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is converted to @env{$OLDPWD}
-before the directory change is attempted.
-
-If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if
-@samp{-} is the first argument, and the directory change is
-successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
-written to the standard output.
-
-The return status is zero if the directory is successfully changed,
-non-zero otherwise.
-
-@item continue
-@btindex continue
-@example
-continue [@var{n}]
-@end example
-
-Resume the next iteration of an enclosing @code{for}, @code{while},
-@code{until}, or @code{select} loop.
-If @var{n} is supplied, the execution of the @var{n}th enclosing loop
-is resumed.
-@var{n} must be greater than or equal to 1.
-The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1.
-
-@item eval
-@btindex eval
-@example
-eval [@var{arguments}]
-@end example
-
-The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
-then read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status
-of @code{eval}.
-If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return status is
-zero.
-
-@item exec
-@btindex exec
-@example
-exec [-cl] [-a @var{name}] [@var{command} [@var{arguments}]]
-@end example
-
-If @var{command}
-is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new process.
-If the @option{-l} option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the
-beginning of the zeroth argument passed to @var{command}.
-This is what the @code{login} program does.
-The @option{-c} option causes @var{command} to be executed with an empty
-environment.
-If @option{-a} is supplied, the shell passes @var{name} as the zeroth
-argument to @var{command}.
-If @var{command}
-cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
-unless the @code{execfail} shell option
-is enabled. In that case, it returns failure.
-An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
-If no @var{command} is specified, redirections may be used to affect
-the current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the
-return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
-
-@item exit
-@btindex exit
-@example
-exit [@var{n}]
-@end example
-
-Exit the shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's parent.
-If @var{n} is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.
-Any trap on @code{EXIT} is executed before the shell terminates.
-
-@item export
-@btindex export
-@example
-export [-fn] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]]
-@end example
-
-Mark each @var{name} to be passed to child processes
-in the environment. If the @option{-f} option is supplied, the @var{name}s
-refer to shell functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables.
-The @option{-n} option means to no longer mark each @var{name} for export.
-If no @var{names} are supplied, or if the @option{-p} option is given, a
-list of names of all exported variables is displayed.
-The @option{-p} option displays output in a form that may be reused as input.
-If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of
-the variable is set to @var{value}.
-
-The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
-the names is not a valid shell variable name, or @option{-f} is supplied
-with a name that is not a shell function.
-
-@item getopts
-@btindex getopts
-@example
-getopts @var{optstring} @var{name} [@var{args}]
-@end example
-
-@code{getopts} is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
-@var{optstring} contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
-character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
-argument, which should be separated from it by whitespace.
-The colon (@samp{:}) and question mark (@samp{?}) may not be
-used as option characters.
-Each time it is invoked, @code{getopts}
-places the next option in the shell variable @var{name}, initializing
-@var{name} if it does not exist,
-and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
-variable @env{OPTIND}.
-@env{OPTIND} is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
-is invoked.
-When an option requires an argument,
-@code{getopts} places that argument into the variable @env{OPTARG}.
-The shell does not reset @env{OPTIND} automatically; it must be manually
-reset between multiple calls to @code{getopts} within the same shell
-invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used.
-
-When the end of options is encountered, @code{getopts} exits with a
-return value greater than zero.
-@env{OPTIND} is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
-and @var{name} is set to @samp{?}.
-
-@code{getopts}
-normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
-given in @var{args}, @code{getopts} parses those instead.
-
-@code{getopts} can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
-@var{optstring} is a colon, @var{silent}
-error reporting is used. In normal operation, diagnostic messages
-are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
-encountered.
-If the variable @env{OPTERR}
-is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
-character of @code{optstring} is not a colon.
-
-If an invalid option is seen,
-@code{getopts} places @samp{?} into @var{name} and, if not silent,
-prints an error message and unsets @env{OPTARG}.
-If @code{getopts} is silent, the option character found is placed in
-@env{OPTARG} and no diagnostic message is printed.
-
-If a required argument is not found, and @code{getopts}
-is not silent, a question mark (@samp{?}) is placed in @var{name},
-@code{OPTARG} is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
-If @code{getopts} is silent, then a colon (@samp{:}) is placed in
-@var{name} and @env{OPTARG} is set to the option character found.
-
-@item hash
-@btindex hash
-@example
-hash [-r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]
-@end example
-
-Each time @code{hash} is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
-commands specified as @var{name} arguments,
-so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
-The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in
-@env{$PATH}.
-Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded.
-The @option{-p} option inhibits the path search, and @var{filename} is
-used as the location of @var{name}.
-The @option{-r} option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations.
-The @option{-d} option causes the shell to forget the remembered location
-of each @var{name}.
-If the @option{-t} option is supplied, the full pathname to which each
-@var{name} corresponds is printed. If multiple @var{name} arguments are
-supplied with @option{-t} the @var{name} is printed before the hashed
-full pathname.
-The @option{-l} option causes output to be displayed in a format
-that may be reused as input.
-If no arguments are given, or if only @option{-l} is supplied,
-information about remembered commands is printed.
-The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not found or an invalid
-option is supplied.
-
-@item pwd
-@btindex pwd
-@example
-pwd [-LP]
-@end example
-
-Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
-If the @option{-P} option is supplied, the pathname printed will not
-contain symbolic links.
-If the @option{-L} option is supplied, the pathname printed may contain
-symbolic links.
-The return status is zero unless an error is encountered while
-determining the name of the current directory or an invalid option
-is supplied.
-
-@item readonly
-@btindex readonly
-@example
-readonly [-aAf] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{}
-@end example
-
-Mark each @var{name} as readonly.
-The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
-If the @option{-f} option is supplied, each @var{name} refers to a shell
-function.
-The @option{-a} option means each @var{name} refers to an indexed
-array variable; the @option{-A} option means each @var{name} refers
-to an associative array variable.
-If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence.
-If no @var{name} arguments are given, or if the @option{-p}
-option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
-The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of
-the set of readonly names.
-The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a format that
-may be reused as input.
-If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of
-the variable is set to @var{value}.
-The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
-the @var{name} arguments is not a valid shell variable or function name,
-or the @option{-f} option is supplied with a name that is not a shell function.
-
-@item return
-@btindex return
-@example
-return [@var{n}]
-@end example
-
-Cause a shell function to stop executing and return the value @var{n}
-to its caller.
-If @var{n} is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the
-last command executed in the function.
-@code{return} may also be used to terminate execution of a script
-being executed with the @code{.} (@code{source}) builtin,
-returning either @var{n} or
-the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit
-status of the script.
-If @var{n} is supplied, the return value is its least significant
-8 bits.
-Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed
-before execution resumes after the function or script.
-The return status is non-zero if @code{return} is supplied a non-numeric
-argument or is used outside a function
-and not during the execution of a script by @code{.} or @code{source}.
-
-@item shift
-@btindex shift
-@example
-shift [@var{n}]
-@end example
-
-Shift the positional parameters to the left by @var{n}.
-The positional parameters from @var{n}+1 @dots{} @code{$#} are
-renamed to @code{$1} @dots{} @code{$#}-@var{n}.
-Parameters represented by the numbers @code{$#} to @code{$#}-@var{n}+1
-are unset.
-@var{n} must be a non-negative number less than or equal to @code{$#}.
-If @var{n} is zero or greater than @code{$#}, the positional parameters
-are not changed.
-If @var{n} is not supplied, it is assumed to be 1.
-The return status is zero unless @var{n} is greater than @code{$#} or
-less than zero, non-zero otherwise.
-
-@item test
-@itemx [
-@btindex test
-@btindex [
-@example
-test @var{expr}
-@end example
-
-Evaluate a conditional express
-ion @var{expr} and return a status of 0
-(true) or 1 (false).
-Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
-Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-@ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}.
-@code{test} does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
-an argument of @option{--} as signifying the end of options.
-
-When the @code{[} form is used, the last argument to the command must
-be a @code{]}.
-
-Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in
-decreasing order of precedence.
-The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below.
-Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments.
-
-@table @code
-@item ! @var{expr}
-True if @var{expr} is false.
-
-@item ( @var{expr} )
-Returns the value of @var{expr}.
-This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
-
-@item @var{expr1} -a @var{expr2}
-True if both @var{expr1} and @var{expr2} are true.
-
-@item @var{expr1} -o @var{expr2}
-True if either @var{expr1} or @var{expr2} is true.
-@end table
-
-The @code{test} and @code{[} builtins evaluate conditional
-expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
-
-@table @asis
-@item 0 arguments
-The expression is false.
-
-@item 1 argument
-The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
-
-@item 2 arguments
-If the first argument is @samp{!}, the expression is true if and
-only if the second argument is null.
-If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators
-(@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the expression
-is true if the unary test is true.
-If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is
-false.
-
-@item 3 arguments
-The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
-If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
-operators (@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the
-result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
-first and third arguments as operands.
-The @samp{-a} and @samp{-o} operators are considered binary operators
-when there are three arguments.
-If the first argument is @samp{!}, the value is the negation of
-the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
-If the first argument is exactly @samp{(} and the third argument is
-exactly @samp{)}, the result is the one-argument test of the second
-argument.
-Otherwise, the expression is false.
-
-@item 4 arguments
-If the first argument is @samp{!}, the result is the negation of
-the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.
-Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
-precedence using the rules listed above.
-
-@item 5 or more arguments
-The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
-using the rules listed above.
-@end table
-
-When used with @code{test} or @samp{[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>}
-operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
-
-@item times
-@btindex times
-@example
-times
-@end example
-
-Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
-The return status is zero.
-
-@item trap
-@btindex trap
-@example
-trap [-lp] [@var{arg}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-The commands in @var{arg} are to be read and executed when the
-shell receives signal @var{sigspec}. If @var{arg} is absent (and
-there is a single @var{sigspec}) or
-equal to @samp{-}, each specified signal's disposition is reset
-to the value it had when the shell was started.
-If @var{arg} is the null string, then the signal specified by
-each @var{sigspec} is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
-If @var{arg} is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied,
-the shell displays the trap commands associated with each @var{sigspec}.
-If no arguments are supplied, or
-only @option{-p} is given, @code{trap} prints the list of commands
-associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
-shell input.
-The @option{-l} option causes the shell to print a list of signal names
-and their corresponding numbers.
-Each @var{sigspec} is either a signal name or a signal number.
-Signal names are case insensitive and the @code{SIG} prefix is optional.
-
-If a @var{sigspec}
-is @code{0} or @code{EXIT}, @var{arg} is executed when the shell exits.
-If a @var{sigspec} is @code{DEBUG}, the command @var{arg} is executed
-before every simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} command,
-@code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and before
-the first command executes in a shell function.
-Refer to the description of the @code{extdebug} option to the
-@code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}) for details of its
-effect on the @code{DEBUG} trap.
-If a @var{sigspec} is @code{RETURN}, the command @var{arg} is executed
-each time a shell function or a script executed with the @code{.} or
-@code{source} builtins finishes executing.
-
-If a @var{sigspec} is @code{ERR}, the command @var{arg}
-is executed whenever
-a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
-command), a list, or a compound command returns a
-non-zero exit status,
-subject to the following conditions.
-The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
-command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
-part of the test following the @code{if} or @code{elif} reserved words,
-part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list
-except the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
-any command in a pipeline but the last,
-or if the command's return
-status is being inverted using @code{!}.
-These are the same conditions obeyed by the @code{errexit} (@option{-e})
-option.
-
-Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
-Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
-values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
-
-The return status is zero unless a @var{sigspec} does not specify a
-valid signal.
-
-@item umask
-@btindex umask
-@example
-umask [-p] [-S] [@var{mode}]
-@end example
-
-Set the shell process's file creation mask to @var{mode}. If
-@var{mode} begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;
-if not, it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
-to that accepted by the @code{chmod} command. If @var{mode} is
-omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. If the @option{-S}
-option is supplied without a @var{mode} argument, the mask is printed
-in a symbolic format.
-If the @option{-p} option is supplied, and @var{mode}
-is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
-The return status is zero if the mode is successfully changed or if
-no @var{mode} argument is supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
-
-Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number
-of the umask is subtracted from @code{7}. Thus, a umask of @code{022}
-results in permissions of @code{755}.
-
-@item unset
-@btindex unset
-@example
-unset [-fnv] [@var{name}]
-@end example
-
-Remove each variable or function @var{name}.
-If the @option{-v} option is given, each
-@var{name} refers to a shell variable and that variable is remvoved.
-If the @option{-f} option is given, the @var{name}s refer to shell
-functions, and the function definition is removed.
-If the @option{-n} option is supplied, and @var{name} is a variable with
-the @var{nameref} attribute, @var{name} will be unset rather than the
-variable it references.
-@option{-n} has no effect if the @option{-f} option is supplied.
-If no options are supplied, each @var{name} refers to a variable; if
-there is no variable by that name, any function with that name is
-unset.
-Readonly variables and functions may not be unset.
-The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is readonly.
-@end table
-
-@node Bash Builtins
-@section Bash Builtin Commands
-
-This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
-or have been extended in Bash.
-Some of these commands are specified in the @sc{posix} standard.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item alias
-@btindex alias
-@example
-alias [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Without arguments or with the @option{-p} option, @code{alias} prints
-the list of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows
-them to be reused as input.
-If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each @var{name}
-whose @var{value} is given. If no @var{value} is given, the name
-and value of the alias is printed.
-Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}.
-
-@item bind
-@btindex bind
-@example
-bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-lpsvPSVX]
-bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-q @var{function}] [-u @var{function}] [-r @var{keyseq}]
-bind [-m @var{keymap}] -f @var{filename}
-bind [-m @var{keymap}] -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}
-bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:function-name}
-bind @var{readline-command}
-@end example
-
-Display current Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing})
-key and function bindings,
-bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro,
-or set a Readline variable.
-Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
-Readline initialization file (@pxref{Readline Init File}),
-but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
-@samp{"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file}.
-
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-
-@table @code
-@item -m @var{keymap}
-Use @var{keymap} as the keymap to be affected by
-the subsequent bindings. Acceptable @var{keymap}
-names are
-@code{emacs},
-@code{emacs-standard},
-@code{emacs-meta},
-@code{emacs-ctlx},
-@code{vi},
-@code{vi-move},
-@code{vi-command}, and
-@code{vi-insert}.
-@code{vi} is equivalent to @code{vi-command};
-@code{emacs} is equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}.
-
-@item -l
-List the names of all Readline functions.
-
-@item -p
-Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they
-can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
-
-@item -P
-List current Readline function names and bindings.
-
-@item -v
-Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they
-can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
-
-@item -V
-List current Readline variable names and values.
-
-@item -s
-Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output
-in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline
-initialization file.
-
-@item -S
-Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output.
-
-@item -f @var{filename}
-Read key bindings from @var{filename}.
-
-@item -q @var{function}
-Query about which keys invoke the named @var{function}.
-
-@item -u @var{function}
-Unbind all keys bound to the named @var{function}.
-
-@item -r @var{keyseq}
-Remove any current binding for @var{keyseq}.
-
-@item -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}
-Cause @var{shell-command} to be executed whenever @var{keyseq} is
-entered.
-When @var{shell-command} is executed, the shell sets the
-@code{READLINE_LINE} variable to the contents of the Readline line
-buffer and the @code{READLINE_POINT} variable to the current location
-of the insertion point.
-If the executed command changes the value of @code{READLINE_LINE} or
-@code{READLINE_POINT}, those new values will be reflected in the
-editing state.
-
-@item -X
-List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
-in a format that can be reused as input.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an
-error occurs.
-
-@item builtin
-@btindex builtin
-@example
-builtin [@var{shell-builtin} [@var{args}]]
-@end example
-
-Run a shell builtin, passing it @var{args}, and return its exit status.
-This is useful when defining a shell function with the same
-name as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within
-the function.
-The return status is non-zero if @var{shell-builtin} is not a shell
-builtin command.
-
-@item caller
-@btindex caller
-@example
-caller [@var{expr}]
-@end example
-
-Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
-a script executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins).
-
-Without @var{expr}, @code{caller} displays the line number and source
-filename of the current subroutine call.
-If a non-negative integer is supplied as @var{expr}, @code{caller}
-displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
-to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
-information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
-current frame is frame 0.
-
-The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
-call or @var{expr} does not correspond to a valid position in the
-call stack.
-
-@item command
-@btindex command
-@example
-command [-pVv] @var{command} [@var{arguments} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Runs @var{command} with @var{arguments} ignoring any shell function
-named @var{command}.
-Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching the
-@env{PATH} are executed.
-If there is a shell function named @code{ls}, running @samp{command ls}
-within the function will execute the external command @code{ls}
-instead of calling the function recursively.
-The @option{-p} option means to use a default value for @env{PATH}
-that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
-The return status in this case is 127 if @var{command} cannot be
-found or an error occurred, and the exit status of @var{command}
-otherwise.
-
-If either the @option{-V} or @option{-v} option is supplied, a
-description of @var{command} is printed. The @option{-v} option
-causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to
-invoke @var{command} to be displayed; the @option{-V} option produces
-a more verbose description. In this case, the return status is
-zero if @var{command} is found, and non-zero if not.
-
-@item declare
-@btindex declare
-@example
-declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Declare variables and give them attributes. If no @var{name}s
-are given, then display the values of variables instead.
-
-The @option{-p} option will display the attributes and values of each
-@var{name}.
-When @option{-p} is used with @var{name} arguments, additional options
-are ignored.
-
-When @option{-p} is supplied without @var{name} arguments, @code{declare}
-will display the attributes and values of all variables having the
-attributes specified by the additional options.
-If no other options are supplied with @option{-p}, @code{declare} will
-display the attributes and values of all shell variables. The @option{-f}
-option will restrict the display to shell functions.
-
-The @option{-F} option inhibits the display of function definitions;
-only the function name and attributes are printed.
-If the @code{extdebug} shell option is enabled using @code{shopt}
-(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), the source file name and line number where
-the function is defined are displayed as well.
-@option{-F} implies @option{-f}.
-
-The @option{-g} option forces variables to be created or modified at
-the global scope, even when @code{declare} is executed in a shell function.
-It is ignored in all other cases.
-
-The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with
-the specified attributes or to give variables attributes:
-
-@table @code
-@item -a
-Each @var{name} is an indexed array variable (@pxref{Arrays}).
-
-@item -A
-Each @var{name} is an associative array variable (@pxref{Arrays}).
-
-@item -f
-Use function names only.
-
-@item -i
-The variable is to be treated as
-an integer; arithmetic evaluation (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}) is
-performed when the variable is assigned a value.
-
-@item -l
-When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
-converted to lower-case.
-The upper-case attribute is disabled.
-
-@item -n
-Give each @var{name} the @var{nameref} attribute, making
-it a name reference to another variable.
-That other variable is defined by the value of @var{name}.
-All references and assignments to @var{name}, except for changing the
-@option{-n} attribute itself, are performed on the variable referenced by
-@var{name}'s value.
-The @option{-n} attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-
-@item -r
-Make @var{name}s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
-by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-
-@item -t
-Give each @var{name} the @code{trace} attribute.
-Traced functions inherit the @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps from
-the calling shell.
-The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
-
-@item -u
-When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are
-converted to upper-case.
-The lower-case attribute is disabled.
-
-@item -x
-Mark each @var{name} for export to subsequent commands via
-the environment.
-@end table
-
-Using @samp{+} instead of @samp{-} turns off the attribute instead,
-with the exceptions that @samp{+a}
-may not be used to destroy an array variable and @samp{+r} will not
-remove the readonly attribute.
-When used in a function, @code{declare} makes each @var{name} local,
-as with the @code{local} command, unless the @option{-g} option is used.
-If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable
-is set to @var{value}.
-
-The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered,
-an attempt is made to define a function using @samp{-f foo=bar},
-an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
-an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
-using the compound assignment syntax (@pxref{Arrays}),
-one of the @var{names} is not a valid shell variable name,
-an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
-an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
-or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with @option{-f}.
-
-@item echo
-@btindex echo
-@example
-echo [-neE] [@var{arg} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Output the @var{arg}s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
-newline.
-The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs.
-If @option{-n} is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed.
-If the @option{-e} option is given, interpretation of the following
-backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
-The @option{-E} option disables the interpretation of these escape characters,
-even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
-The @code{xpg_echo} shell option may be used to
-dynamically determine whether or not @code{echo} expands these
-escape characters by default.
-@code{echo} does not interpret @option{--} to mean the end of options.
-
-@code{echo} interprets the following escape sequences:
-@table @code
-@item \a
-alert (bell)
-@item \b
-backspace
-@item \c
-suppress further output
-@item \e
-@itemx \E
-escape
-@item \f
-form feed
-@item \n
-new line
-@item \r
-carriage return
-@item \t
-horizontal tab
-@item \v
-vertical tab
-@item \\
-backslash
-@item \0@var{nnn}
-the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
-(zero to three octal digits)
-@item \x@var{HH}
-the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH}
-(one or two hex digits)
-@item \u@var{HHHH}
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits)
-@item \U@var{HHHHHHHH}
-the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
-@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits)
-@end table
-
-@item enable
-@btindex enable
-@example
-enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f @var{filename}] [@var{name} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
-Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
-as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
-even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
-If @option{-n} is used, the @var{name}s become disabled. Otherwise
-@var{name}s are enabled. For example, to use the @code{test} binary
-found via @env{$PATH} instead of the shell builtin version, type
-@samp{enable -n test}.
-
-If the @option{-p} option is supplied, or no @var{name} arguments appear,
-a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list
-consists of all enabled shell builtins.
-The @option{-a} option means to list
-each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled.
-
-The @option{-f} option means to load the new builtin command @var{name}
-from shared object @var{filename}, on systems that support dynamic loading.
-The @option{-d} option will delete a builtin loaded with @option{-f}.
-
-If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed.
-The @option{-s} option restricts @code{enable} to the @sc{posix} special
-builtins. If @option{-s} is used with @option{-f}, the new builtin becomes
-a special builtin (@pxref{Special Builtins}).
-
-The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not a shell builtin
-or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
-
-@item help
-@btindex help
-@example
-help [-dms] [@var{pattern}]
-@end example
-
-Display helpful information about builtin commands.
-If @var{pattern} is specified, @code{help} gives detailed help
-on all commands matching @var{pattern}, otherwise a list of
-the builtins is printed.
-
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-
-@table @code
-@item -d
-Display a short description of each @var{pattern}
-@item -m
-Display the description of each @var{pattern} in a manpage-like format
-@item -s
-Display only a short usage synopsis for each @var{pattern}
-@end table
-
-The return status is zero unless no command matches @var{pattern}.
-
-@item let
-@btindex let
-@example
-let @var{expression} [@var{expression} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-The @code{let} builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
-variables. Each @var{expression} is evaluated according to the
-rules given below in @ref{Shell Arithmetic}. If the
-last @var{expression} evaluates to 0, @code{let} returns 1;
-otherwise 0 is returned.
-
-@item local
-@btindex local
-@example
-local [@var{option}] @var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}
-@end example
-
-For each argument, a local variable named @var{name} is created,
-and assigned @var{value}.
-The @var{option} can be any of the options accepted by @code{declare}.
-@code{local} can only be used within a function; it makes the variable
-@var{name} have a visible scope restricted to that function and its
-children. The return status is zero unless @code{local} is used outside
-a function, an invalid @var{name} is supplied, or @var{name} is a
-readonly variable.
-
-@item logout
-@btindex logout
-@example
-logout [@var{n}]
-@end example
-
-Exit a login shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's
-parent.
-
-@item mapfile
-@btindex mapfile
-@example
-mapfile [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}]
- [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
-@end example
-
-Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array},
-or from file descriptor @var{fd}
-if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
-The variable @code{MAPFILE} is the default @var{array}.
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-
-@table @code
-
-@item -n
-Copy at most @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is 0, all lines are copied.
-@item -O
-Begin assigning to @var{array} at index @var{origin}.
-The default index is 0.
-@item -s
-Discard the first @var{count} lines read.
-@item -t
-Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
-@item -u
-Read lines from file descriptor @var{fd} instead of the standard input.
-@item -C
-Evaluate @var{callback} each time @var{quantum}P lines are read.
-The @option{-c} option specifies @var{quantum}.
-@item -c
-Specify the number of lines read between each call to @var{callback}.
-@end table
-
-If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c},
-the default quantum is 5000.
-When @var{callback} is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
-array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element
-as additional arguments.
-@var{callback} is evaluated after the line is read but before the
-array element is assigned.
-
-If not supplied with an explicit origin, @code{mapfile} will clear @var{array}
-before assigning to it.
-
-@code{mapfile} returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
-argument is supplied, @var{array} is invalid or unassignable, or @var{array}
-is not an indexed array.
-
-@item printf
-@btindex printf
-@example
-printf [-v @var{var}] @var{format} [@var{arguments}]
-@end example
-
-Write the formatted @var{arguments} to the standard output under the
-control of the @var{format}.
-The @option{-v} option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
-@var{var} rather than being printed to the standard output.
-
-The @var{format} is a character string which contains three types of objects:
-plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
-escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
-format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
-@var{argument}.
-In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} formats, @code{printf}
-interprets the following extensions:
-
-@table @code
-@item %b
-Causes @code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the
-corresponding @var{argument},
-except that @samp{\c} terminates output, backslashes in
-@samp{\'}, @samp{\"}, and @samp{\?} are not removed, and octal escapes
-beginning with @samp{\0} may contain up to four digits.
-@item %q
-Causes @code{printf} to output the
-corresponding @var{argument} in a format that can be reused as shell input.
-@item %(@var{datefmt})T
-Causes @code{printf} to output the date-time string resulting from using
-@var{datefmt} as a format string for @code{strftime}(3).
-The corresponding @var{argument} is an integer representing the number of
-seconds since the epoch.
-Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
-time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
-If no argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been given.
-This is an exception to the usual @code{printf} behavior.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language constants,
-except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading
-character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of
-the following character.
-
-The @var{format} is reused as necessary to consume all of the @var{arguments}.
-If the @var{format} requires more @var{arguments} than are supplied, the
-extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
-appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
-non-zero on failure.
-
-@item read
-@btindex read
-@example
-read [-ers] [-a @var{aname}] [-d @var{delim}] [-i @var{text}] [-n @var{nchars}]
- [-N @var{nchars}] [-p @var{prompt}] [-t @var{timeout}] [-u @var{fd}] [@var{name} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
-@var{fd} supplied as an argument to the @option{-u} option, and the first word
-is assigned to the first @var{name}, the second word to the second @var{name},
-and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
-to the last @var{name}.
-If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
-the remaining names are assigned empty values.
-The characters in the value of the @env{IFS} variable
-are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell
-uses for expansion (described above in @ref{Word Splitting}).
-The backslash character @samp{\} may be used to remove any special
-meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
-If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the
-variable @env{REPLY}.
-The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, @code{read}
-times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128),
-a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs,
-or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to @option{-u}.
-
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-
-@table @code
-@item -a @var{aname}
-The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable
-@var{aname}, starting at 0.
-All elements are removed from @var{aname} before the assignment.
-Other @var{name} arguments are ignored.
-
-@item -d @var{delim}
-The first character of @var{delim} is used to terminate the input line,
-rather than newline.
-
-@item -e
-Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to obtain the line.
-Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
-active) editing settings.
-
-@item -i @var{text}
-If Readline is being used to read the line, @var{text} is placed into
-the editing buffer before editing begins.
-
-@item -n @var{nchars}
-@code{read} returns after reading @var{nchars} characters rather than
-waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delimiter if fewer
-than @var{nchars} characters are read before the delimiter.
-
-@item -N @var{nchars}
-@code{read} returns after reading exactly @var{nchars} characters rather
-than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-@code{read} times out.
-Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
-not treated specially and do not cause @code{read} to return until
-@var{nchars} characters are read.
-
-@item -p @var{prompt}
-Display @var{prompt}, without a trailing newline, before attempting
-to read any input.
-The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-
-@item -r
-If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character.
-The backslash is considered to be part of the line.
-In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
-continuation.
-
-@item -s
-Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are
-not echoed.
-
-@item -t @var{timeout}
-Cause @code{read} to time out and return failure if a complete line of
-input (or a specified number of characters)
-is not read within @var{timeout} seconds.
-@var{timeout} may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
-the decimal point.
-This option is only effective if @code{read} is reading input from a
-terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
-from regular files.
-If @code{read} times out, @code{read} saves any partial input read into
-the specified variable @var{name}.
-If @var{timeout} is 0, @code{read} returns immediately, without trying to
-read and data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
-The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-
-@item -u @var{fd}
-Read input from file descriptor @var{fd}.
-@end table
-
-@item readarray
-@btindex readarray
-@example
-readarray [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}]
- [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
-@end example
-
-Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array},
-or from file descriptor @var{fd}
-if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
-
-A synonym for @code{mapfile}.
-
-@item source
-@btindex source
-@example
-source @var{filename}
-@end example
-
-A synonym for @code{.} (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-
-@item type
-@btindex type
-@example
-type [-afptP] [@var{name} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-For each @var{name}, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
-command name.
-
-If the @option{-t} option is used, @code{type} prints a single word
-which is one of @samp{alias}, @samp{function}, @samp{builtin},
-@samp{file} or @samp{keyword},
-if @var{name} is an alias, shell function, shell builtin,
-disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively.
-If the @var{name} is not found, then nothing is printed, and
-@code{type} returns a failure status.
-
-If the @option{-p} option is used, @code{type} either returns the name
-of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if @option{-t}
-would not return @samp{file}.
-
-The @option{-P} option forces a path search for each @var{name}, even if
-@option{-t} would not return @samp{file}.
-
-If a command is hashed, @option{-p} and @option{-P} print the hashed value,
-which is not necessarily the file that appears first in @code{$PATH}.
-
-If the @option{-a} option is used, @code{type} returns all of the places
-that contain an executable named @var{file}.
-This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the @option{-p} option
-is not also used.
-
-If the @option{-f} option is used, @code{type} does not attempt to find
-shell functions, as with the @code{command} builtin.
-
-The return status is zero if all of the @var{names} are found, non-zero
-if any are not found.
-
-@item typeset
-@btindex typeset
-@example
-typeset [-afFgrxilnrtux] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-The @code{typeset} command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
-shell.
-It is a synonym for the @code{declare} builtin command.
-
-@item ulimit
-@btindex ulimit
-@example
-ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [@var{limit}]
-@end example
-
-@code{ulimit} provides control over the resources available to processes
-started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
-option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
-
-@table @code
-@item -S
-Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource.
-
-@item -H
-Change and report the hard limit associated with a resource.
-
-@item -a
-All current limits are reported.
-
-@item -b
-The maximum socket buffer size.
-
-@item -c
-The maximum size of core files created.
-
-@item -d
-The maximum size of a process's data segment.
-
-@item -e
-The maximum scheduling priority ("nice").
-
-@item -f
-The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children.
-
-@item -i
-The maximum number of pending signals.
-
-@item -l
-The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
-
-@item -m
-The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit).
-
-@item -n
-The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
-allow this value to be set).
-
-@item -p
-The pipe buffer size.
-
-@item -q
-The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.
-
-@item -r
-The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
-
-@item -s
-The maximum stack size.
-
-@item -t
-The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.
-
-@item -u
-The maximum number of processes available to a single user.
-
-@item -v
-The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell, and, on
-some systems, to its children.
-
-@item -x
-The maximum number of file locks.
-
-@item -T
-The maximum number of threads.
-@end table
-
-If @var{limit} is given, and the @option{-a} option is not used,
-@var{limit} is the new value of the specified resource.
-The special @var{limit} values @code{hard}, @code{soft}, and
-@code{unlimited} stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
-and no limit, respectively.
-A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set;
-a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.
-Otherwise, the current value of the soft limit for the specified resource
-is printed, unless the @option{-H} option is supplied.
-When setting new limits, if neither @option{-H} nor @option{-S} is supplied,
-both the hard and soft limits are set.
-If no option is given, then @option{-f} is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte
-increments, except for @option{-t}, which is in seconds; @option{-p},
-which is in units of 512-byte blocks; and @option{-T}, @option{-b},
-@option{-n} and @option{-u}, which are unscaled values.
-
-The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
-or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
-
-@item unalias
-@btindex unalias
-@example
-unalias [-a] [@var{name} @dots{} ]
-@end example
-
-Remove each @var{name} from the list of aliases. If @option{-a} is
-supplied, all aliases are removed.
-Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}.
-@end table
-
-@node Modifying Shell Behavior
-@section Modifying Shell Behavior
-
-@menu
-* The Set Builtin:: Change the values of shell attributes and
- positional parameters.
-* The Shopt Builtin:: Modify shell optional behavior.
-@end menu
-
-@node The Set Builtin
-@subsection The Set Builtin
-
-This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. @code{set}
-allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional
-parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
-
-@table @code
-@item set
-@btindex set
-@example
-set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
-set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-If no options or arguments are supplied, @code{set} displays the names
-and values of all shell variables and functions, sorted according to the
-current locale, in a format that may be reused as input
-for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
-Read-only variables cannot be reset.
-In @sc{posix} mode, only shell variables are listed.
-
-When options are supplied, they set or unset shell attributes.
-Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
-
-@table @code
-@item -a
-Mark variables and function which are modified or created for export
-to the environment of subsequent commands.
-
-@item -b
-Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported
-immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt.
-
-@item -e
-Exit immediately if
-a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}), which may consist of a single simple command
-(@pxref{Simple Commands}),
-a list (@pxref{Lists}),
-or a compound command (@pxref{Compound Commands})
-returns a non-zero status.
-The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
-command list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until} keyword,
-part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
-part of any command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list except
-the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
-any command in a pipeline but the last,
-or if the command's return status is being inverted with @code{!}.
-If a compound command other than a subshell
-returns a non-zero status because a command failed
-while @option{-e} was being ignored, the shell does not exit.
-A trap on @code{ERR}, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
-
-This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
-separately (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and may cause
-subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
-
-If a compound command or shell function executes in a context where
-@option{-e} is being ignored,
-none of the commands executed within the compound command or function body
-will be affected by the @option{-e} setting, even if @option{-e} is set
-and a command returns a failure status.
-If a compound command or shell function sets @option{-e} while executing in
-a context where @option{-e} is ignored, that setting will not have any
-effect until the compound command or the command containing the function
-call completes.
-
-@item -f
-Disable filename expansion (globbing).
-
-@item -h
-Locate and remember (hash) commands as they are looked up for execution.
-This option is enabled by default.
-
-@item -k
-All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed
-in the environment for a command, not just those that precede
-the command name.
-
-@item -m
-Job control is enabled (@pxref{Job Control}).
-All processes run in a separate process group.
-When a background job completes, the shell prints a line
-containing its exit status.
-
-@item -n
-Read commands but do not execute them; this may be used to check a
-script for syntax errors.
-This option is ignored by interactive shells.
-
-@item -o @var{option-name}
-
-Set the option corresponding to @var{option-name}:
-
-@table @code
-@item allexport
-Same as @code{-a}.
-
-@item braceexpand
-Same as @code{-B}.
-
-@item emacs
-Use an @code{emacs}-style line editing interface (@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
-This also affects the editing interface used for @code{read -e}.
-
-@item errexit
-Same as @code{-e}.
-
-@item errtrace
-Same as @code{-E}.
-
-@item functrace
-Same as @code{-T}.
-
-@item hashall
-Same as @code{-h}.
-
-@item histexpand
-Same as @code{-H}.
-
-@item history
-Enable command history, as described in @ref{Bash History Facilities}.
-This option is on by default in interactive shells.
-
-@item ignoreeof
-An interactive shell will not exit upon reading EOF.
-
-@item keyword
-Same as @code{-k}.
-
-@item monitor
-Same as @code{-m}.
-
-@item noclobber
-Same as @code{-C}.
-
-@item noexec
-Same as @code{-n}.
-
-@item noglob
-Same as @code{-f}.
-
-@item nolog
-Currently ignored.
-
-@item notify
-Same as @code{-b}.
-
-@item nounset
-Same as @code{-u}.
-
-@item onecmd
-Same as @code{-t}.
-
-@item physical
-Same as @code{-P}.
-
-@item pipefail
-If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last
-(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all
-commands in the pipeline exit successfully.
-This option is disabled by default.
-
-@item posix
-Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
-from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard
-(@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
-This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
-standard.
-
-@item privileged
-Same as @code{-p}.
-
-@item verbose
-Same as @code{-v}.
-
-@item vi
-Use a @code{vi}-style line editing interface.
-This also affects the editing interface used for @code{read -e}.
-
-@item xtrace
-Same as @code{-x}.
-@end table
-
-@item -p
-Turn on privileged mode.
-In this mode, the @env{$BASH_ENV} and @env{$ENV} files are not
-processed, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
-and the @env{SHELLOPTS}, @env{BASHOPTS}, @env{CDPATH} and @env{GLOBIGNORE}
-variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
-If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the @option{-p} option is not supplied, these actions
-are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
-If the @option{-p} option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
-not reset.
-Turning this option off causes the effective user
-and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-
-@item -t
-Exit after reading and executing one command.
-
-@item -u
-Treat unset variables and parameters other than the special parameters
-@samp{@@} or @samp{*} as an error when performing parameter expansion.
-An error message will be written to the standard error, and a non-interactive
-shell will exit.
-
-@item -v
-Print shell input lines as they are read.
-
-@item -x
-Print a trace of simple commands, @code{for} commands, @code{case}
-commands, @code{select} commands, and arithmetic @code{for} commands
-and their arguments or associated word lists after they are
-expanded and before they are executed. The value of the @env{PS4}
-variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before
-the command and its expanded arguments.
-
-@item -B
-The shell will perform brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}).
-This option is on by default.
-
-@item -C
-Prevent output redirection using @samp{>}, @samp{>&}, and @samp{<>}
-from overwriting existing files.
-
-@item -E
-If set, any trap on @code{ERR} is inherited by shell functions, command
-substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
-The @code{ERR} trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
-
-@item -H
-Enable @samp{!} style history substitution (@pxref{History Interaction}).
-This option is on by default for interactive shells.
-
-@item -P
-If set, do not resolve symbolic links when performing commands such as
-@code{cd} which change the current directory. The physical directory
-is used instead. By default, Bash follows
-the logical chain of directories when performing commands
-which change the current directory.
-
-For example, if @file{/usr/sys} is a symbolic link to @file{/usr/local/sys}
-then:
-@example
-$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
-/usr/sys
-$ cd ..; pwd
-/usr
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-If @code{set -P} is on, then:
-@example
-$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
-/usr/local/sys
-$ cd ..; pwd
-/usr/local
-@end example
-
-@item -T
-If set, any trap on @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} are inherited by
-shell functions, command substitutions, and commands executed
-in a subshell environment.
-The @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps are normally not inherited
-in such cases.
-
-@item --
-If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are
-unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the
-@var{arguments}, even if some of them begin with a @samp{-}.
-
-@item -
-Signal the end of options, cause all remaining @var{arguments}
-to be assigned to the positional parameters. The @option{-x}
-and @option{-v} options are turned off.
-If there are no arguments, the positional parameters remain unchanged.
-@end table
-
-Using @samp{+} rather than @samp{-} causes these options to be
-turned off. The options can also be used upon invocation of the
-shell. The current set of options may be found in @code{$-}.
-
-The remaining N @var{arguments} are positional parameters and are
-assigned, in order, to @code{$1}, @code{$2}, @dots{} @code{$N}.
-The special parameter @code{#} is set to N.
-
-The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied.
-@end table
-
-@node The Shopt Builtin
-@subsection The Shopt Builtin
-
-This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item shopt
-@btindex shopt
-@example
-shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [@var{optname} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
-With no options, or with the @option{-p} option, a list of all settable
-options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.
-The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a form that
-may be reused as input.
-Other options have the following meanings:
-
-@table @code
-@item -s
-Enable (set) each @var{optname}.
-
-@item -u
-Disable (unset) each @var{optname}.
-
-@item -q
-Suppresses normal output; the return status
-indicates whether the @var{optname} is set or unset.
-If multiple @var{optname} arguments are given with @option{-q},
-the return status is zero if all @var{optnames} are enabled;
-non-zero otherwise.
-
-@item -o
-Restricts the values of
-@var{optname} to be those defined for the @option{-o} option to the
-@code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-@end table
-
-If either @option{-s} or @option{-u}
-is used with no @var{optname} arguments, @code{shopt} shows only
-those options which are set or unset, respectively.
-
-Unless otherwise noted, the @code{shopt} options are disabled (off)
-by default.
-
-The return status when listing options is zero if all @var{optnames}
-are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
-the return status is zero unless an @var{optname} is not a valid shell
-option.
-
-The list of @code{shopt} options is:
-@table @code
-
-@item autocd
-If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if
-it were the argument to the @code{cd} command.
-This option is only used by interactive shells.
-
-@item cdable_vars
-If this is set, an argument to the @code{cd} builtin command that
-is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose
-value is the directory to change to.
-
-@item cdspell
-If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a
-@code{cd} command will be corrected.
-The errors checked for are transposed characters,
-a missing character, and a character too many.
-If a correction is found, the corrected path is printed,
-and the command proceeds.
-This option is only used by interactive shells.
-
-@item checkhash
-If this is set, Bash checks that a command found in the hash
-table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
-longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
-
-@item checkjobs
-If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
-exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
-the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
-intervening command (@pxref{Job Control}).
-The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
-
-@item checkwinsize
-If set, Bash checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of
-@env{LINES} and @env{COLUMNS}.
-
-@item cmdhist
-If set, Bash
-attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
-command in the same history entry. This allows
-easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
-
-@item compat31
-If set, Bash
-changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
-arguments to the conditional command's @samp{=~} operator
-and with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the @code{[[}
-conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators.
-Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3);
-bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
-
-@item compat32
-If set, Bash
-changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the @code{[[}
-conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators (see previous item).
-
-@item compat40
-If set, Bash
-changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the @code{[[}
-conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators (see description
-of @code{compat31})
-and the effect of interrupting a command list.
-Bash versions 4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell received the
-interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list.
-
-@item compat41
-If set, Bash, when in @sc{posix} mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
-parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
-(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
-quoted. This is the behavior of @sc{posix} mode through version 4.1.
-The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
-
-@item compat42
-If set, Bash
-does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word
-expansion using quote removal.
-
-@item complete_fullquote
-If set, Bash
-quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when
-performing completion.
-If not set, Bash
-removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of
-characters that will be quoted in completed filenames
-when these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in words to be
-completed.
-This means that dollar signs in variable names that expand to directories
-will not be quoted;
-however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either.
-This is active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed
-filenames.
-This variable is set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in
-versions through 4.2.
-
-@item direxpand
-If set, Bash
-replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing
-filename completion. This changes the contents of the readline editing
-buffer.
-If not set, Bash attempts to preserve what the user typed.
-
-@item dirspell
-If set, Bash
-attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
-if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
-
-@item dotglob
-If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
-the results of filename expansion.
-
-@item execfail
-If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if
-it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the @code{exec}
-builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if @code{exec}
-fails.
-
-@item expand_aliases
-If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
-@ref{Aliases}.
-This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
-
-@item extdebug
-If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-The @option{-F} option to the @code{declare} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins})
-displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function
-name supplied as an argument.
-
-@item
-If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a non-zero value, the
-next command is skipped and not executed.
-
-@item
-If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a value of 2, and the
-shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script
-executed by the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins), a call to
-@code{return} is simulated.
-
-@item
-@code{BASH_ARGC} and @code{BASH_ARGV} are updated as described in their
-descriptions (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
-
-@item
-Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
-subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the
-@code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps.
-
-@item
-Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
-subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the
-@code{ERR} trap.
-@end enumerate
-
-@item extglob
-If set, the extended pattern matching features described above
-(@pxref{Pattern Matching}) are enabled.
-
-@item extquote
-If set, @code{$'@var{string}'} and @code{$"@var{string}"} quoting is
-performed within @code{$@{@var{parameter}@}} expansions
-enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default.
-
-@item failglob
-If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during filename expansion
-result in an expansion error.
-
-@item force_fignore
-If set, the suffixes specified by the @env{FIGNORE} shell variable
-cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
-the ignored words are the only possible completions.
-@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of @env{FIGNORE}.
-This option is enabled by default.
-
-@item globasciiranges
-If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (@pxref{Pattern Matching})
-behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing
-comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating sequence
-is not taken into account, so
-@samp{b} will not collate between @samp{A} and @samp{B},
-and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
-
-@item globstar
-If set, the pattern @samp{**} used in a filename expansion context will
-match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
-If the pattern is followed by a @samp{/}, only directories and
-subdirectories match.
-
-@item globasciiranges
-If set, range expressions (a-z) used in pattern matching bracket expressions
-([a-z]), including when used in a filename expansion context, will act as
-if the C locale is the current locale.
-This means they will not use the current locale's collating sequence.
-
-@item gnu_errfmt
-If set, shell error messages are written in the standard @sc{gnu} error
-message format.
-
-@item histappend
-If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
-of the @env{HISTFILE}
-variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
-
-@item histreedit
-If set, and Readline
-is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a
-failed history substitution.
-
-@item histverify
-If set, and Readline
-is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately
-passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into
-the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification.
-
-@item hostcomplete
-If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform
-hostname completion when a word containing a @samp{@@} is being
-completed (@pxref{Commands For Completion}). This option is enabled
-by default.
-
-@item huponexit
-If set, Bash will send @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when an interactive
-login shell exits (@pxref{Signals}).
-
-@item interactive_comments
-Allow a word beginning with @samp{#}
-to cause that word and all remaining characters on that
-line to be ignored in an interactive shell.
-This option is enabled by default.
-
-@item lastpipe
-If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
-a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
-
-@item lithist
-If enabled, and the @code{cmdhist}
-option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
-embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
-
-@item login_shell
-The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
-(@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
-The value may not be changed.
-
-@item mailwarn
-If set, and a file that Bash is checking for mail has been
-accessed since the last time it was checked, the message
-@code{"The mail in @var{mailfile} has been read"} is displayed.
-
-@item no_empty_cmd_completion
-If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will not attempt to search
-the @env{PATH} for possible completions when completion is attempted
-on an empty line.
-
-@item nocaseglob
-If set, Bash matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when
-performing filename expansion.
-
-@item nocasematch
-If set, Bash matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when
-performing matching while executing @code{case} or @code{[[}
-conditional commands.
-
-@item nullglob
-If set, Bash allows filename patterns which match no
-files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
-
-@item progcomp
-If set, the programmable completion facilities
-(@pxref{Programmable Completion}) are enabled.
-This option is enabled by default.
-
-@item promptvars
-If set, prompt strings undergo
-parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
-expansion, and quote removal after being expanded
-as described below (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}).
-This option is enabled by default.
-
-@item restricted_shell
-The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
-(@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
-The value may not be changed.
-This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
-the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
-
-@item shift_verbose
-If this is set, the @code{shift}
-builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the
-number of positional parameters.
-
-@item sourcepath
-If set, the @code{source} builtin uses the value of @env{PATH}
-to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.
-This option is enabled by default.
-
-@item xpg_echo
-If set, the @code{echo} builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
-by default.
-
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-The return status when listing options is zero if all @var{optnames}
-are enabled, non-zero otherwise.
-When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an
-@var{optname} is not a valid shell option.
-@end table
-
-@node Special Builtins
-@section Special Builtins
-@cindex special builtin
-
-For historical reasons, the @sc{posix} standard has classified
-several builtin commands as @emph{special}.
-When Bash is executing in @sc{posix} mode, the special builtins
-differ from other builtin commands in three respects:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup.
-
-@item
-If a special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits.
-
-@item
-Assignment statements preceding the command stay in effect in the shell
-environment after the command completes.
-@end enumerate
-
-When Bash is not executing in @sc{posix} mode, these builtins behave no
-differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands.
-The Bash @sc{posix} mode is described in @ref{Bash POSIX Mode}.
-
-These are the @sc{posix} special builtins:
-@example
-@w{break : . continue eval exec exit export readonly return set}
-@w{shift trap unset}
-@end example
-
-@node Shell Variables
-@chapter Shell Variables
-
-@menu
-* Bourne Shell Variables:: Variables which Bash uses in the same way
- as the Bourne Shell.
-* Bash Variables:: List of variables that exist in Bash.
-@end menu
-
-This chapter describes the shell variables that Bash uses.
-Bash automatically assigns default values to a number of variables.
-
-@node Bourne Shell Variables
-@section Bourne Shell Variables
-
-Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell.
-In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable.
-
-@vtable @code
-
-@item CDPATH
-A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for
-the @code{cd} builtin command.
-
-@item HOME
-The current user's home directory; the default for the @code{cd} builtin
-command.
-The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
-(@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
-
-@item IFS
-A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits
-words as part of expansion.
-
-@item MAIL
-If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name
-and the @env{MAILPATH} variable
-is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in
-the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
-
-@item MAILPATH
-A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks
-for new mail.
-Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail
-arrives in the mail file by separating the filename from the message with
-a @samp{?}.
-When used in the text of the message, @code{$_} expands to the name of
-the current mail file.
-
-@item OPTARG
-The value of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} builtin.
-
-@item OPTIND
-The index of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} builtin.
-
-@item PATH
-A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for
-commands.
-A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of @code{PATH} indicates the
-current directory.
-A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
-or trailing colon.
-
-
-@item PS1
-The primary prompt string. The default value is @samp{\s-\v\$ }.
-@xref{Controlling the Prompt}, for the complete list of escape
-sequences that are expanded before @env{PS1} is displayed.
-
-@item PS2
-The secondary prompt string. The default value is @samp{> }.
-
-@end vtable
-
-@node Bash Variables
-@section Bash Variables
-
-These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells
-do not normally treat them specially.
-
-A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters:
-variables for controlling the job control facilities
-(@pxref{Job Control Variables}).
-
-@vtable @code
-
-@item BASH
-The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash.
-
-@item BASHOPTS
-A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
-the list is a valid argument for the @option{-s} option to the
-@code{shopt} builtin command (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}).
-The options appearing in @env{BASHOPTS} are those reported
-as @samp{on} by @samp{shopt}.
-If this variable is in the environment when Bash
-starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
-reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
-
-@item BASHPID
-Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process.
-This differs from @code{$$} under certain circumstances, such as subshells
-that do not require Bash to be re-initialized.
-
-@item BASH_ALIASES
-An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
-list of aliases as maintained by the @code{alias} builtin.
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array
-elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
-
-@item BASH_ARGC
-An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
-frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
-parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
-with @code{.} or @code{source}) is at the top of the stack. When a
-subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
-@code{BASH_ARGC}.
-The shell sets @code{BASH_ARGC} only when in extended debugging mode
-(see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}
-for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt}
-builtin).
-
-@item BASH_ARGV
-An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
-execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
-is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
-at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
-are pushed onto @code{BASH_ARGV}.
-The shell sets @code{BASH_ARGV} only when in extended debugging mode
-(see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}
-for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt}
-builtin).
-
-@item BASH_CMDS
-An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
-hash table of commands as maintained by the @code{hash} builtin
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array
-elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
-
-@item BASH_COMMAND
-The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
-shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
-in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
-
-@item BASH_COMPAT
-The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.
-@xref{The Shopt Builtin}, for a description of the various compatibility
-levels and their effects.
-The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42)
-corresponding to the desired compatibility level.
-If @code{BASH_COMPAT} is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility
-level is set to the default for the current version.
-If @code{BASH_COMPAT} is set to a value that is not one of the valid
-compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the
-compatibility level to the default for the current version.
-The valid compatibility levels correspond to the compatibility options
-accepted by the @code{shopt} builtin described above (for example,
-@var{compat42} means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values).
-The current version is also a valid value.
-
-@item BASH_ENV
-If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
-script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
-to read before executing the script. @xref{Bash Startup Files}.
-
-@item BASH_EXECUTION_STRING
-The command argument to the @option{-c} invocation option.
-
-@item BASH_LINENO
-An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
-where each corresponding member of @var{FUNCNAME} was invoked.
-@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file
-(@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}) where
-@code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called (or @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i-1]@}} if
-referenced within another shell function).
-Use @code{LINENO} to obtain the current line number.
-
-@item BASH_REMATCH
-An array variable whose members are assigned by the @samp{=~} binary
-operator to the @code{[[} conditional command
-(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-The element with index 0 is the portion of the string
-matching the entire regular expression.
-The element with index @var{n} is the portion of the
-string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression.
-This variable is read-only.
-
-@item BASH_SOURCE
-An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the
-corresponding shell function names in the @code{FUNCNAME} array
-variable are defined.
-The shell function @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} is defined in the file
-@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}} and called from @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}
-
-@item BASH_SUBSHELL
-Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when
-the shell begins executing in that environment.
-The initial value is 0.
-
-@item BASH_VERSINFO
-A readonly array variable (@pxref{Arrays})
-whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
-The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
-
-@table @code
-
-@item BASH_VERSINFO[0]
-The major version number (the @var{release}).
-
-@item BASH_VERSINFO[1]
-The minor version number (the @var{version}).
-
-@item BASH_VERSINFO[2]
-The patch level.
-
-@item BASH_VERSINFO[3]
-The build version.
-
-@item BASH_VERSINFO[4]
-The release status (e.g., @var{beta1}).
-
-@item BASH_VERSINFO[5]
-The value of @env{MACHTYPE}.
-@end table
-
-@item BASH_VERSION
-The version number of the current instance of Bash.
-
-@item BASH_XTRACEFD
-If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, Bash
-will write the trace output generated when @samp{set -x}
-is enabled to that file descriptor.
-This allows tracing output to be separated from diagnostic and error
-messages.
-The file descriptor is closed when @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} is unset or assigned
-a new value.
-Unsetting @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} or assigning it the empty string causes the
-trace output to be sent to the standard error.
-Note that setting @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} to 2 (the standard error file
-descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error
-being closed.
-
-@item CHILD_MAX
-Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
-Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a @sc{posix}-mandated
-minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
-not exceed.
-The minimum value is system-dependent.
-
-@item COLUMNS
-Used by the @code{select} command to determine the terminal width
-when printing selection lists.
-Automatically set if the @code{checkwinsize} option is enabled
-(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
-@code{SIGWINCH}.
-
-@item COMP_CWORD
-An index into @env{$@{COMP_WORDS@}} of the word containing the current
-cursor position.
-This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
-
-@item COMP_LINE
-The current command line.
-This variable is available only in shell functions and external
-commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
-
-@item COMP_POINT
-The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
-the current command.
-If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
-the value of this variable is equal to @code{$@{#COMP_LINE@}}.
-This variable is available only in shell functions and external
-commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
-
-@item COMP_TYPE
-Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
-that caused a completion function to be called:
-@var{TAB}, for normal completion,
-@samp{?}, for listing completions after successive tabs,
-@samp{!}, for listing alternatives on partial word completion,
-@samp{@@}, to list completions if the word is not unmodified,
-or
-@samp{%}, for menu completion.
-This variable is available only in shell functions and external
-commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
-
-@item COMP_KEY
-The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
-completion function.
-
-@item COMP_WORDBREAKS
-The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
-separators when performing word completion.
-If @code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} is unset, it loses its special properties,
-even if it is subsequently reset.
-
-@item COMP_WORDS
-An array variable consisting of the individual
-words in the current command line.
-The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
-@code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} as described above.
-This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
-
-@item COMPREPLY
-An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
-generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
-facility (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
-Each array element contains one possible completion.
-
-@item COPROC
-An array variable created to hold the file descriptors
-for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (@pxref{Coprocesses}).
-
-@item DIRSTACK
-An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack.
-Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
-@code{dirs} builtin.
-Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify
-directories already in the stack, but the @code{pushd} and @code{popd}
-builtins must be used to add and remove directories.
-Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory.
-If @env{DIRSTACK} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
-it is subsequently reset.
-
-@item EMACS
-If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell
-starts with value @samp{t}, it assumes that the shell is running in an
-Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
-
-@item ENV
-Similar to @code{BASH_ENV}; used when the shell is invoked in
-@sc{posix} Mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
-
-@item EUID
-The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable
-is readonly.
-
-@item FCEDIT
-The editor used as a default by the @option{-e} option to the @code{fc}
-builtin command.
-
-@item FIGNORE
-A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
-filename completion.
-A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
-@env{FIGNORE}
-is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample
-value is @samp{.o:~}
-
-@item FUNCNAME
-An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
-currently in the execution call stack.
-The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
-shell function.
-The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index)
-is @code{"main"}.
-This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
-Assignments to @env{FUNCNAME} have no effect and return an error status.
-If @env{FUNCNAME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
-it is subsequently reset.
-
-This variable can be used with @code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE}.
-Each element of @code{FUNCNAME} has corresponding elements in
-@code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE} to describe the call stack.
-For instance, @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called from the file
-@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}} at line number @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}}.
-The @code{caller} builtin displays the current call stack using this
-information.
-
-@item FUNCNEST
-If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
-nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
-will cause the current command to abort.
-
-@item GLOBIGNORE
-A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
-be ignored by filename expansion.
-If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
-of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}, it is removed from the list
-of matches.
-
-@item GROUPS
-An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
-user is a member.
-Assignments to @env{GROUPS} have no effect and return an error status.
-If @env{GROUPS} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
-subsequently reset.
-
-@item histchars
-Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
-substitution, and tokenization (@pxref{History Interaction}).
-The first character is the
-@var{history expansion} character, that is, the character which signifies the
-start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}. The second character is the
-character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first
-character on a line, normally @samp{^}. The optional third character is the
-character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when
-found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}. The history
-comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
-remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
-parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
-
-@item HISTCMD
-The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
-command. If @env{HISTCMD} is unset, it loses its special properties,
-even if it is subsequently reset.
-
-@item HISTCONTROL
-A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
-the history list.
-If the list of values includes @samp{ignorespace}, lines which begin
-with a space character are not saved in the history list.
-A value of @samp{ignoredups} causes lines which match the previous
-history entry to not be saved.
-A value of @samp{ignoreboth} is shorthand for
-@samp{ignorespace} and @samp{ignoredups}.
-A value of @samp{erasedups} causes all previous lines matching the
-current line to be removed from the history list before that line
-is saved.
-Any value not in the above list is ignored.
-If @env{HISTCONTROL} is unset, or does not include a valid value,
-all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
-subject to the value of @env{HISTIGNORE}.
-The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
-not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
-@env{HISTCONTROL}.
-
-@item HISTFILE
-The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The
-default value is @file{~/.bash_history}.
-
-@item HISTFILESIZE
-The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.
-When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated,
-if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines
-by removing the oldest entries.
-The history file is also truncated to this size after
-writing it when a shell exits.
-If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
-Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
-The shell sets the default value to the value of @env{HISTSIZE}
-after reading any startup files.
-
-@item HISTIGNORE
-A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
-lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
-anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
-line (no implicit @samp{*} is appended). Each pattern is tested
-against the line after the checks specified by @env{HISTCONTROL}
-are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching
-characters, @samp{&} matches the previous history line. @samp{&}
-may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
-before attempting a match.
-The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
-not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
-@env{HISTIGNORE}.
-
-@env{HISTIGNORE} subsumes the function of @env{HISTCONTROL}. A
-pattern of @samp{&} is identical to @code{ignoredups}, and a
-pattern of @samp{[ ]*} is identical to @code{ignorespace}.
-Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon,
-provides the functionality of @code{ignoreboth}.
-
-@item HISTSIZE
-The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
-If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
-Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
-on the history list (there is no limit).
-The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
-
-@item HISTTIMEFORMAT
-If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
-for @var{strftime} to print the time stamp associated with each history
-entry displayed by the @code{history} builtin.
-If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
-they may be preserved across shell sessions.
-This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
-other history lines.
-
-@item HOSTFILE
-Contains the name of a file in the same format as @file{/etc/hosts} that
-should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
-The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
-is running;
-the next time hostname completion is attempted after the
-value is changed, Bash adds the contents of the new file to the
-existing list.
-If @env{HOSTFILE} is set, but has no value, or does not name a readable file,
-Bash attempts to read
-@file{/etc/hosts} to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.
-When @env{HOSTFILE} is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
-
-@item HOSTNAME
-The name of the current host.
-
-@item HOSTTYPE
-A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
-
-@item IGNOREEOF
-Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an @code{EOF} character
-as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
-of consecutive @code{EOF} characters that can be read as the
-first character on an input line
-before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not
-have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10.
-If the variable does not exist, then @code{EOF} signifies the end of
-input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
-
-@item INPUTRC
-The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
-of @file{~/.inputrc}.
-
-@item LANG
-Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
-selected with a variable starting with @code{LC_}.
-
-@item LC_ALL
-This variable overrides the value of @env{LANG} and any other
-@code{LC_} variable specifying a locale category.
-
-@item LC_COLLATE
-This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
-results of filename expansion, and
-determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
-and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching
-(@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
-
-@item LC_CTYPE
-This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
-behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
-matching (@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
-
-@item LC_MESSAGES
-This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
-strings preceded by a @samp{$} (@pxref{Locale Translation}).
-
-@item LC_NUMERIC
-This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
-
-@item LINENO
-The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
-
-@item LINES
-Used by the @code{select} command to determine the column length
-for printing selection lists.
-Automatically set if the @code{checkwinsize} option is enabled
-(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
-@code{SIGWINCH}.
-
-@item MACHTYPE
-A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
-is executing, in the standard @sc{gnu} @var{cpu-company-system} format.
-
-@item MAILCHECK
-How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
-files specified in the @env{MAILPATH} or @env{MAIL} variables.
-The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
-for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.
-If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
-greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
-
-@item MAPFILE
-An array variable created to hold the text read by the
-@code{mapfile} builtin when no variable name is supplied.
-
-@item OLDPWD
-The previous working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin.
-
-@item OPTERR
-If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
-generated by the @code{getopts} builtin command.
-
-@item OSTYPE
-A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
-
-@item PIPESTATUS
-An array variable (@pxref{Arrays})
-containing a list of exit status values from the processes
-in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
-contain only a single command).
-
-@item POSIXLY_CORRECT
-If this variable is in the environment when Bash starts, the shell
-enters @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}) before reading the
-startup files, as if the @option{--posix} invocation option had been supplied.
-If it is set while the shell is running, Bash enables @sc{posix} mode,
-as if the command
-@example
-@code{set -o posix}
-@end example
-@noindent
-had been executed.
-
-@item PPID
-The process @sc{id} of the shell's parent process. This variable
-is readonly.
-
-@item PROMPT_COMMAND
-If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
-before the printing of each primary prompt (@env{$PS1}).
-
-@item PROMPT_DIRTRIM
-If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
-trailing directory components to retain when expanding the @code{\w} and
-@code{\W} prompt string escapes (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}).
-Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
-
-@item PS3
-The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
-@code{select} command. If this variable is not set, the
-@code{select} command prompts with @samp{#? }
-
-@item PS4
-The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
-when the @option{-x} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-The first character of @env{PS4} is replicated multiple times, as
-necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
-The default is @samp{+ }.
-
-@item PWD
-The current working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin.
-
-@item RANDOM
-Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
-between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this
-variable seeds the random number generator.
-
-@item READLINE_LINE
-The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
-with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item READLINE_POINT
-The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
-with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item REPLY
-The default variable for the @code{read} builtin.
-
-@item SECONDS
-This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
-shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets
-the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
-becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds
-since the assignment.
-
-@item SHELL
-The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
-If it is not set when the shell starts,
-Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
-
-@item SHELLOPTS
-A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
-the list is a valid argument for the @option{-o} option to the
-@code{set} builtin command (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-The options appearing in @env{SHELLOPTS} are those reported
-as @samp{on} by @samp{set -o}.
-If this variable is in the environment when Bash
-starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
-reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
-
-@item SHLVL
-Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is
-intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
-
-@item TIMEFORMAT
-The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
-how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the @code{time}
-reserved word should be displayed.
-The @samp{%} character introduces an
-escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or other
-information.
-The escape sequences and their meanings are as
-follows; the braces denote optional portions.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item %%
-A literal @samp{%}.
-
-@item %[@var{p}][l]R
-The elapsed time in seconds.
-
-@item %[@var{p}][l]U
-The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
-
-@item %[@var{p}][l]S
-The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
-
-@item %P
-The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
-@end table
-
-The optional @var{p} is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
-fractional digits after a decimal point.
-A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
-At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values
-of @var{p} greater than 3 are changed to 3.
-If @var{p} is not specified, the value 3 is used.
-
-The optional @code{l} specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
-the form @var{MM}m@var{SS}.@var{FF}s.
-The value of @var{p} determines whether or not the fraction is included.
-
-If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value
-@example
-@code{$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'}
-@end example
-If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
-A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
-
-@item TMOUT
-If set to a value greater than zero, @code{TMOUT} is treated as the
-default timeout for the @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-The @code{select} command (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}) terminates
-if input does not arrive after @code{TMOUT} seconds when input is coming
-from a terminal.
-
-In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as
-the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing
-the primary prompt.
-Bash
-terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if a complete
-line of input does not arrive.
-
-@item TMPDIR
-If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
-Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
-
-@item UID
-The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly.
-
-@end vtable
-
-@node Bash Features
-@chapter Bash Features
-
-This chapter describes features unique to Bash.
-
-@menu
-* Invoking Bash:: Command line options that you can give
- to Bash.
-* Bash Startup Files:: When and how Bash executes scripts.
-* Interactive Shells:: What an interactive shell is.
-* Bash Conditional Expressions:: Primitives used in composing expressions for
- the @code{test} builtin.
-* Shell Arithmetic:: Arithmetic on shell variables.
-* Aliases:: Substituting one command for another.
-* Arrays:: Array Variables.
-* The Directory Stack:: History of visited directories.
-* Controlling the Prompt:: Customizing the various prompt strings.
-* The Restricted Shell:: A more controlled mode of shell execution.
-* Bash POSIX Mode:: Making Bash behave more closely to what
- the POSIX standard specifies.
-@end menu
-
-@node Invoking Bash
-@section Invoking Bash
-
-@example
-bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
-bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] -c @var{string} [@var{argument} @dots{}]
-bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-All of the single-character options used with the @code{set} builtin
-(@pxref{The Set Builtin}) can be used as options when the shell is invoked.
-In addition, there are several multi-character
-options that you can use. These options must appear on the command
-line before the single-character options to be recognized.
-
-@table @code
-@item --debugger
-Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
-starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}
-for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt}
-builtin).
-
-@item --dump-po-strings
-A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$}
-is printed on the standard output
-in the @sc{gnu} @code{gettext} PO (portable object) file format.
-Equivalent to @option{-D} except for the output format.
-
-@item --dump-strings
-Equivalent to @option{-D}.
-
-@item --help
-Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
-
-@item --init-file @var{filename}
-@itemx --rcfile @var{filename}
-Execute commands from @var{filename} (instead of @file{~/.bashrc})
-in an interactive shell.
-
-@item --login
-Equivalent to @option{-l}.
-
-@item --noediting
-Do not use the @sc{gnu} Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing})
-to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
-
-@item --noprofile
-Don't load the system-wide startup file @file{/etc/profile}
-or any of the personal initialization files
-@file{~/.bash_profile}, @file{~/.bash_login}, or @file{~/.profile}
-when Bash is invoked as a login shell.
-
-@item --norc
-Don't read the @file{~/.bashrc} initialization file in an
-interactive shell. This is on by default if the shell is
-invoked as @code{sh}.
-
-@item --posix
-Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
-from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard. This
-is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
-standard. @xref{Bash POSIX Mode}, for a description of the Bash
-@sc{posix} mode.
-
-@item --restricted
-Make the shell a restricted shell (@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
-
-@item --verbose
-Equivalent to @option{-v}. Print shell input lines as they're read.
-
-@item --version
-Show version information for this instance of
-Bash on the standard output and exit successfully.
-@end table
-
-There are several single-character options that may be supplied at
-invocation which are not available with the @code{set} builtin.
-
-@table @code
-@item -c
-Read and execute commands from the first non-option @var{argument}
-after processing the options, then exit.
-Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
-positional parameters, starting with @code{$0}.
-
-@item -i
-Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
-described in @ref{Interactive Shells}.
-
-@item -l
-Make this shell act as if it had been directly invoked by login.
-When the shell is interactive, this is equivalent to starting a
-login shell with @samp{exec -l bash}.
-When the shell is not interactive, the login shell startup files will
-be executed.
-@samp{exec bash -l} or @samp{exec bash --login}
-will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell.
-@xref{Bash Startup Files}, for a description of the special behavior
-of a login shell.
-
-@item -r
-Make the shell a restricted shell (@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
-
-@item -s
-If this option is present, or if no arguments remain after option
-processing, then commands are read from the standard input.
-This option allows the positional parameters to be set
-when invoking an interactive shell.
-
-@item -D
-A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$}
-is printed on the standard output.
-These are the strings that
-are subject to language translation when the current locale
-is not @code{C} or @code{POSIX} (@pxref{Locale Translation}).
-This implies the @option{-n} option; no commands will be executed.
-
-@item [-+]O [@var{shopt_option}]
-@var{shopt_option} is one of the shell options accepted by the
-@code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}).
-If @var{shopt_option} is present, @option{-O} sets the value of that option;
-@option{+O} unsets it.
-If @var{shopt_option} is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
-options accepted by @code{shopt} are printed on the standard output.
-If the invocation option is @option{+O}, the output is displayed in a format
-that may be reused as input.
-
-@item --
-A @code{--} signals the end of options and disables further option
-processing.
-Any arguments after the @code{--} are treated as filenames and arguments.
-@end table
-
-@cindex login shell
-A @emph{login} shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
-@samp{-}, or one invoked with the @option{--login} option.
-
-@cindex interactive shell
-An @emph{interactive} shell is one started without non-option arguments,
-unless @option{-s} is specified,
-without specifying the @option{-c} option, and whose input and output are both
-connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty(3)}), or one
-started with the @option{-i} option. @xref{Interactive Shells}, for more
-information.
-
-If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
-@option{-c} nor the @option{-s}
-option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands (@pxref{Shell Scripts}).
-When Bash is invoked in this fashion, @code{$0}
-is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
-are set to the remaining arguments.
-Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
-Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed
-in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
-
-@node Bash Startup Files
-@section Bash Startup Files
-@cindex startup files
-
-This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
-If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
-Tildes are expanded in filenames as described above under
-Tilde Expansion (@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
-
-Interactive shells are described in @ref{Interactive Shells}.
-
-@subsubheading Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with @option{--login}
-
-When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a
-non-interactive shell with the @option{--login} option, it first reads and
-executes commands from the file @file{/etc/profile}, if that file exists.
-After reading that file, it looks for @file{~/.bash_profile},
-@file{~/.bash_login}, and @file{~/.profile}, in that order, and reads
-and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
-The @option{--noprofile} option may be used when the shell is started to
-inhibit this behavior.
-
-When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from
-the file @file{~/.bash_logout}, if it exists.
-
-@subsubheading Invoked as an interactive non-login shell
-
-When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash
-reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that file exists.
-This may be inhibited by using the @option{--norc} option.
-The @option{--rcfile @var{file}} option will force Bash to read and
-execute commands from @var{file} instead of @file{~/.bashrc}.
-
-So, typically, your @file{~/.bash_profile} contains the line
-@example
-@code{if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi}
-@end example
-@noindent
-after (or before) any login-specific initializations.
-
-@subsubheading Invoked non-interactively
-
-When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script,
-for example, it looks for the variable @env{BASH_ENV} in the environment,
-expands its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as
-the name of a file to read and execute. Bash behaves as if the
-following command were executed:
-@example
-@code{if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi}
-@end example
-@noindent
-but the value of the @env{PATH} variable is not used to search for the
-filename.
-
-As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
-@option{--login} option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
-login shell startup files.
-
-@subsubheading Invoked with name @code{sh}
-
-If Bash is invoked with the name @code{sh}, it tries to mimic the
-startup behavior of historical versions of @code{sh} as closely as
-possible, while conforming to the @sc{posix} standard as well.
-
-When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
-shell with the @option{--login} option, it first attempts to read
-and execute commands from @file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile}, in
-that order.
-The @option{--noprofile} option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
-When invoked as an interactive shell with the name @code{sh}, Bash
-looks for the variable @env{ENV}, expands its value if it is defined,
-and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
-Since a shell invoked as @code{sh} does not attempt to read and execute
-commands from any other startup files, the @option{--rcfile} option has
-no effect.
-A non-interactive shell invoked with the name @code{sh} does not attempt
-to read any other startup files.
-
-When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after
-the startup files are read.
-
-@subsubheading Invoked in @sc{posix} mode
-
-When Bash is started in @sc{posix} mode, as with the
-@option{--posix} command line option, it follows the @sc{posix} standard
-for startup files.
-In this mode, interactive shells expand the @env{ENV} variable
-and commands are read and executed from the file whose name is the
-expanded value.
-No other startup files are read.
-
-@subsubheading Invoked by remote shell daemon
-
-Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
-connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell
-daemon, usually @code{rshd}, or the secure shell daemon @code{sshd}.
-If Bash determines it is being run in
-this fashion, it reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that
-file exists and is readable.
-It will not do this if invoked as @code{sh}.
-The @option{--norc} option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
-@option{--rcfile} option may be used to force another file to be read, but
-neither @code{rshd} nor @code{sshd} generally invoke the shell with those
-options or allow them to be specified.
-
-@subsubheading Invoked with unequal effective and real @sc{uid/gid}s
-
-If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the @option{-p} option is not supplied, no startup
-files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
-the @env{SHELLOPTS}, @env{BASHOPTS}, @env{CDPATH}, and @env{GLOBIGNORE}
-variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective
-user id is set to the real user id.
-If the @option{-p} option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
-the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
-
-@node Interactive Shells
-@section Interactive Shells
-@cindex interactive shell
-@cindex shell, interactive
-
-@menu
-* What is an Interactive Shell?:: What determines whether a shell is Interactive.
-* Is this Shell Interactive?:: How to tell if a shell is interactive.
-* Interactive Shell Behavior:: What changes in a interactive shell?
-@end menu
-
-@node What is an Interactive Shell?
-@subsection What is an Interactive Shell?
-
-An interactive shell
-is one started without non-option arguments, unless @option{-s} is
-specified, without specifying the @option{-c} option, and
-whose input and error output are both
-connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty(3)}),
-or one started with the @option{-i} option.
-
-An interactive shell generally reads from and writes to a user's
-terminal.
-
-The @option{-s} invocation option may be used to set the positional parameters
-when an interactive shell is started.
-
-@node Is this Shell Interactive?
-@subsection Is this Shell Interactive?
-
-To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is
-running interactively,
-test the value of the @samp{-} special parameter.
-It contains @code{i} when the shell is interactive. For example:
-
-@example
-case "$-" in
-*i*) echo This shell is interactive ;;
-*) echo This shell is not interactive ;;
-esac
-@end example
-
-Alternatively, startup scripts may examine the variable
-@env{PS1}; it is unset in non-interactive shells, and set in
-interactive shells. Thus:
-
-@example
-if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then
- echo This shell is not interactive
-else
- echo This shell is interactive
-fi
-@end example
-
-@node Interactive Shell Behavior
-@subsection Interactive Shell Behavior
-
-When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
-several ways.
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Startup files are read and executed as described in @ref{Bash Startup Files}.
-
-@item
-Job Control (@pxref{Job Control}) is enabled by default. When job
-control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control
-signals @code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
-
-@item
-Bash expands and displays @env{PS1} before reading the first line
-of a command, and expands and displays @env{PS2} before reading the
-second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
-
-@item
-Bash executes the value of the @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} variable as a command
-before printing the primary prompt, @env{$PS1}
-(@pxref{Bash Variables}).
-
-@item
-Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to read commands from
-the user's terminal.
-
-@item
-Bash inspects the value of the @code{ignoreeof} option to @code{set -o}
-instead of exiting immediately when it receives an @code{EOF} on its
-standard input when reading a command (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-
-@item
-Command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities})
-and history expansion (@pxref{History Interaction})
-are enabled by default.
-Bash will save the command history to the file named by @env{$HISTFILE}
-when a shell with history enabled exits.
-
-@item
-Alias expansion (@pxref{Aliases}) is performed by default.
-
-@item
-In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores @code{SIGTERM}
-(@pxref{Signals}).
-
-@item
-In the absence of any traps, @code{SIGINT} is caught and handled
-((@pxref{Signals}).
-@code{SIGINT} will interrupt some shell builtins.
-
-@item
-An interactive login shell sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs on exit
-if the @code{huponexit} shell option has been enabled (@pxref{Signals}).
-
-@item
-The @option{-n} invocation option is ignored, and @samp{set -n} has
-no effect (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-
-@item
-Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the
-@env{MAIL}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{MAILCHECK} shell variables
-(@pxref{Bash Variables}).
-
-@item
-Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after
-@samp{set -u} has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit
-(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-
-@item
-The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by @var{var} being unset
-or null in @code{$@{@var{var}:?@var{word}@}} expansions
-(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@item
-Redirection errors encountered by shell builtins will not cause the
-shell to exit.
-
-@item
-When running in @sc{posix} mode, a special builtin returning an error
-status will not cause the shell to exit (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
-
-@item
-A failed @code{exec} will not cause the shell to exit
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-
-@item
-Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit.
-
-@item
-Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the @code{cd}
-builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the @code{cdspell}
-option to the @code{shopt} builtin in @ref{The Shopt Builtin}).
-
-@item
-The shell will check the value of the @env{TMOUT} variable and exit
-if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
-printing @env{$PS1} (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
-
-@end enumerate
-
-@node Bash Conditional Expressions
-@section Bash Conditional Expressions
-@cindex expressions, conditional
-
-Conditional expressions are used by the @code{[[} compound command
-and the @code{test} and @code{[} builtin commands.
-
-Expressions may be unary or binary.
-Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.
-There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
-If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is of the form
-@file{/dev/fd/@var{N}}, then file descriptor @var{N} is checked.
-If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of
-@file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
-
-When used with @code{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort
-lexicographically using the current locale.
-The @code{test} command uses ASCII ordering.
-
-Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
-links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
-
-@table @code
-@item -a @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists.
-
-@item -b @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a block special file.
-
-@item -c @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a character special file.
-
-@item -d @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a directory.
-
-@item -e @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists.
-
-@item -f @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a regular file.
-
-@item -g @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and its set-group-id bit is set.
-
-@item -h @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link.
-
-@item -k @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and its "sticky" bit is set.
-
-@item -p @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
-
-@item -r @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is readable.
-
-@item -s @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and has a size greater than zero.
-
-@item -t @var{fd}
-True if file descriptor @var{fd} is open and refers to a terminal.
-
-@item -u @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
-
-@item -w @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is writable.
-
-@item -x @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is executable.
-
-@item -G @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective group id.
-
-@item -L @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link.
-
-@item -N @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and has been modified since it was last read.
-
-@item -O @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-
-@item -S @var{file}
-True if @var{file} exists and is a socket.
-
-@item @var{file1} -ef @var{file2}
-True if @var{file1} and @var{file2} refer to the same device and
-inode numbers.
-
-@item @var{file1} -nt @var{file2}
-True if @var{file1} is newer (according to modification date)
-than @var{file2}, or if @var{file1} exists and @var{file2} does not.
-
-@item @var{file1} -ot @var{file2}
-True if @var{file1} is older than @var{file2},
-or if @var{file2} exists and @var{file1} does not.
-
-@item -o @var{optname}
-True if the shell option @var{optname} is enabled.
-The list of options appears in the description of the @option{-o}
-option to the @code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-
-@item -v @var{varname}
-True if the shell variable @var{varname} is set (has been assigned a value).
-
-@item -R @var{varname}
-True if the shell variable @var{varname} is set and is a name reference.
-
-@item -z @var{string}
-True if the length of @var{string} is zero.
-
-@item -n @var{string}
-@itemx @var{string}
-True if the length of @var{string} is non-zero.
-
-@item @var{string1} == @var{string2}
-@itemx @var{string1} = @var{string2}
-True if the strings are equal.
-When used with the @code{[[} command, this performs pattern matching as
-described above (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-
-@samp{=} should be used with the @code{test} command for @sc{posix} conformance.
-
-@item @var{string1} != @var{string2}
-True if the strings are not equal.
-
-@item @var{string1} < @var{string2}
-True if @var{string1} sorts before @var{string2} lexicographically.
-
-@item @var{string1} > @var{string2}
-True if @var{string1} sorts after @var{string2} lexicographically.
-
-@item @var{arg1} OP @var{arg2}
-@code{OP} is one of
-@samp{-eq}, @samp{-ne}, @samp{-lt}, @samp{-le}, @samp{-gt}, or @samp{-ge}.
-These arithmetic binary operators return true if @var{arg1}
-is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
-greater than, or greater than or equal to @var{arg2},
-respectively. @var{Arg1} and @var{arg2}
-may be positive or negative integers.
-@end table
-
-@node Shell Arithmetic
-@section Shell Arithmetic
-@cindex arithmetic, shell
-@cindex shell arithmetic
-@cindex expressions, arithmetic
-@cindex evaluation, arithmetic
-@cindex arithmetic evaluation
-
-The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of
-the shell expansions or by the @code{let} and the @option{-i} option
-to the @code{declare} builtins.
-
-Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow,
-though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
-The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values
-are the same as in the C language.
-The following list of operators is grouped into levels of
-equal-precedence operators.
-The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item @var{id}++ @var{id}--
-variable post-increment and post-decrement
-
-@item ++@var{id} --@var{id}
-variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
-
-@item - +
-unary minus and plus
-
-@item ! ~
-logical and bitwise negation
-
-@item **
-exponentiation
-
-@item * / %
-multiplication, division, remainder
-
-@item + -
-addition, subtraction
-
-@item << >>
-left and right bitwise shifts
-
-@item <= >= < >
-comparison
-
-@item == !=
-equality and inequality
-
-@item &
-bitwise AND
-
-@item ^
-bitwise exclusive OR
-
-@item |
-bitwise OR
-
-@item &&
-logical AND
-
-@item ||
-logical OR
-
-@item expr ? expr : expr
-conditional operator
-
-@item = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
-assignment
-
-@item expr1 , expr2
-comma
-@end table
-
-Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
-performed before the expression is evaluated.
-Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
-without using the parameter expansion syntax.
-A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
-by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
-The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression
-when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the
-@var{integer} attribute using @samp{declare -i} is assigned a value.
-A null value evaluates to 0.
-A shell variable need not have its @var{integer} attribute turned on
-to be used in an expression.
-
-Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.
-A leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X} denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise,
-numbers take the form [@var{base}@code{#}]@var{n}, where the optional @var{base}
-is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
-base, and @var{n} is a number in that base.
-If @var{base}@code{#} is omitted, then base 10 is used.
-When specifying @var{n},
-he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
-the uppercase letters, @samp{@@}, and @samp{_}, in that order.
-If @var{base} is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
-letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10
-and 35.
-
-Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
-parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
-rules above.
-
-@node Aliases
-@section Aliases
-@cindex alias expansion
-
-@var{Aliases} allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
-as the first word of a simple command.
-The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with
-the @code{alias} and @code{unalias} builtin commands.
-
-The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see
-if it has an alias.
-If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.
-The characters @samp{/}, @samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{=} and any of the
-shell metacharacters or quoting characters listed above may not appear
-in an alias name.
-The replacement text may contain any valid
-shell input, including shell metacharacters.
-The first word of the replacement text is tested for
-aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded
-is not expanded a second time.
-This means that one may alias @code{ls} to @code{"ls -F"},
-for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the
-replacement text.
-If the last character of the alias value is a
-@var{blank}, then the next command word following the
-alias is also checked for alias expansion.
-
-Aliases are created and listed with the @code{alias}
-command, and removed with the @code{unalias} command.
-
-There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text,
-as in @code{csh}.
-If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used
-(@pxref{Shell Functions}).
-
-Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive,
-unless the @code{expand_aliases} shell option is set using
-@code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}).
-
-The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
-somewhat confusing. Bash
-always reads at least one complete line
-of input before executing any
-of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a
-command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an
-alias definition appearing on the same line as another
-command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.
-The commands following the alias definition
-on that line are not affected by the new alias.
-This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
-Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read,
-not when the function is executed, because a function definition
-is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
-defined in a function are not available until after that
-function is executed. To be safe, always put
-alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use @code{alias}
-in compound commands.
-
-For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases.
-
-@node Arrays
-@section Arrays
-@cindex arrays
-
-Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
-Any variable may be used as an indexed array;
-the @code{declare} builtin will explicitly declare an array.
-There is no maximum
-limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
-be indexed or assigned contiguously.
-Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
-expressions (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic})) and are zero-based;
-associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
-Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
-
-An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
-using the syntax
-@example
-@var{name}[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The @var{subscript}
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
-To explicitly declare an array, use
-@example
-declare -a @var{name}
-@end example
-@noindent
-The syntax
-@example
-declare -a @var{name}[@var{subscript}]
-@end example
-@noindent
-is also accepted; the @var{subscript} is ignored.
-
-@noindent
-Associative arrays are created using
-@example
-declare -A @var{name}.
-@end example
-
-Attributes may be
-specified for an array variable using the @code{declare} and
-@code{readonly} builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of
-an array.
-
-Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
-@example
-@var{name}=(@var{value1} @var{value2} @dots{} )
-@end example
-@noindent
-where each
-@var{value} is of the form @code{[@var{subscript}]=}@var{string}.
-Indexed array assignments do not require anything but @var{string}.
-When assigning to indexed arrays, if
-the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to;
-otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
-to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
-
-When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
-
-This syntax is also accepted by the @code{declare}
-builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
-@code{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}} syntax introduced above.
-
-When assigning to an indexed array, if @var{name}
-is subscripted by a negative number, that number is
-interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
-@var{name}, so negative indices count back from the end of the
-array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
-
-Any element of an array may be referenced using
-@code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}.
-The braces are required to avoid
-conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the
-@var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the word expands to all members
-of the array @var{name}. These subscripts differ only when the word
-appears within double quotes.
-If the word is double-quoted,
-@code{$@{@var{name}[*]@}} expands to a single word with
-the value of each array member separated by the first character of the
-@env{IFS} variable, and @code{$@{@var{name}[@@]@}} expands each element of
-@var{name} to a separate word. When there are no array members,
-@code{$@{@var{name}[@@]@}} expands to nothing.
-If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
-the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
-word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
-part of the original word.
-This is analogous to the
-expansion of the special parameters @samp{@@} and @samp{*}.
-@code{$@{#@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}} expands to the length of
-@code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}.
-If @var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or
-@samp{*}, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
-Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
-referencing with a subscript of 0.
-If the @var{subscript}
-used to reference an element of an indexed array
-evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
-interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array,
-so negative indices count back from the end of the array,
-and an index of -1 refers to the last element.
-
-An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
-value. The null string is a valid value.
-
-It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the values.
-$@{!@var{name}[@@]@} and $@{!@var{name}[*]@} expand to the indices
-assigned in array variable @var{name}.
-The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the
-special parameters @samp{@@} and @samp{*} within double quotes.
-
-The @code{unset} builtin is used to destroy arrays.
-@code{unset @var{name}[@var{subscript}]}
-destroys the array element at index @var{subscript}.
-Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
-Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
-expansion.
-@code{unset @var{name}}, where @var{name} is an array, removes the
-entire array. A subscript of @samp{*} or @samp{@@} also removes the
-entire array.
-
-The @code{declare}, @code{local}, and @code{readonly}
-builtins each accept a @option{-a} option to specify an indexed
-array and a @option{-A} option to specify an associative array.
-If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence.
-The @code{read} builtin accepts a @option{-a}
-option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
-to an array, and can read values from the standard input into
-individual array elements. The @code{set} and @code{declare}
-builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
-reused as input.
-
-@node The Directory Stack
-@section The Directory Stack
-@cindex directory stack
-
-@menu
-* Directory Stack Builtins:: Bash builtin commands to manipulate
- the directory stack.
-@end menu
-
-The directory stack is a list of recently-visited directories. The
-@code{pushd} builtin adds directories to the stack as it changes
-the current directory, and the @code{popd} builtin removes specified
-directories from the stack and changes the current directory to
-the directory removed. The @code{dirs} builtin displays the contents
-of the directory stack.
-
-The contents of the directory stack are also visible
-as the value of the @env{DIRSTACK} shell variable.
-
-@node Directory Stack Builtins
-@subsection Directory Stack Builtins
-
-@table @code
-
-@item dirs
-@btindex dirs
-@example
-dirs [-clpv] [+@var{N} | -@var{N}]
-@end example
-
-Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
-are added to the list with the @code{pushd} command; the
-@code{popd} command removes directories from the list.
-
-@table @code
-@item -c
-Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
-@item -l
-Produces a listing using full pathnames;
-the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-@item -p
-Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per
-line.
-@item -v
-Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per
-line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
-@item +@var{N}
-Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
-list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting
-with zero.
-@item -@var{N}
-Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
-list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting
-with zero.
-@end table
-
-@item popd
-@btindex popd
-@example
-popd [-n] [+@var{N} | -@var{N}]
-@end example
-
-Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and @code{cd}
-to the new top directory.
-When no arguments are given, @code{popd}
-removes the top directory from the stack and
-performs a @code{cd} to the new top directory. The
-elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with
-@code{dirs}; that is, @code{popd} is equivalent to @code{popd +0}.
-
-@table @code
-@item -n
-Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
-from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
-@item +@var{N}
-Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
-list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero.
-@item -@var{N}
-Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
-list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero.
-@end table
-
-@btindex pushd
-@item pushd
-@example
-pushd [-n] [@var{+N} | @var{-N} | @var{dir}]
-@end example
-
-Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack
-and then @code{cd} to @var{dir}.
-With no arguments, @code{pushd} exchanges the top two directories.
-
-@table @code
-@item -n
-Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
-to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
-@item +@var{N}
-Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
-list printed by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of
-the list by rotating the stack.
-@item -@var{N}
-Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
-list printed by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of
-the list by rotating the stack.
-@item @var{dir}
-Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, making
-it the new current directory as if it had been supplied as an argument
-to the @code{cd} builtin.
-@end table
-@end table
-
-@node Controlling the Prompt
-@section Controlling the Prompt
-@cindex prompting
-
-The value of the variable @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is examined just before
-Bash prints each primary prompt. If @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is set and
-has a non-null value, then the
-value is executed just as if it had been typed on the command line.
-
-In addition, the following table describes the special characters which
-can appear in the prompt variables @env{PS1} to @env{PS4}:
-
-@table @code
-@item \a
-A bell character.
-@item \d
-The date, in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26").
-@item \D@{@var{format}@}
-The @var{format} is passed to @code{strftime}(3) and the result is inserted
-into the prompt string; an empty @var{format} results in a locale-specific
-time representation. The braces are required.
-@item \e
-An escape character.
-@item \h
-The hostname, up to the first `.'.
-@item \H
-The hostname.
-@item \j
-The number of jobs currently managed by the shell.
-@item \l
-The basename of the shell's terminal device name.
-@item \n
-A newline.
-@item \r
-A carriage return.
-@item \s
-The name of the shell, the basename of @code{$0} (the portion
-following the final slash).
-@item \t
-The time, in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format.
-@item \T
-The time, in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format.
-@item \@@
-The time, in 12-hour am/pm format.
-@item \A
-The time, in 24-hour HH:MM format.
-@item \u
-The username of the current user.
-@item \v
-The version of Bash (e.g., 2.00)
-@item \V
-The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
-@item \w
-The current working directory, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde
-(uses the @env{$PROMPT_DIRTRIM} variable).
-@item \W
-The basename of @env{$PWD}, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde.
-@item \!
-The history number of this command.
-@item \#
-The command number of this command.
-@item \$
-If the effective uid is 0, @code{#}, otherwise @code{$}.
-@item \@var{nnn}
-The character whose ASCII code is the octal value @var{nnn}.
-@item \\
-A backslash.
-@item \[
-Begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to
-embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt.
-@item \]
-End a sequence of non-printing characters.
-@end table
-
-The command number and the history number are usually different:
-the history number of a command is its position in the history
-list, which may include commands restored from the history file
-(@pxref{Bash History Facilities}), while the command number is
-the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
-shell session.
-
-After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
-parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
-expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
-@code{promptvars} shell option (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@node The Restricted Shell
-@section The Restricted Shell
-@cindex restricted shell
-
-If Bash is started with the name @code{rbash}, or the
-@option{--restricted}
-or
-@option{-r}
-option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted.
-A restricted shell is used to
-set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.
-A restricted shell behaves identically to @code{bash}
-with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Changing directories with the @code{cd} builtin.
-@item
-Setting or unsetting the values of the @env{SHELL}, @env{PATH},
-@env{ENV}, or @env{BASH_ENV} variables.
-@item
-Specifying command names containing slashes.
-@item
-Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @code{.}
-builtin command.
-@item
-Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @option{-p}
-option to the @code{hash} builtin command.
-@item
-Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup.
-@item
-Parsing the value of @env{SHELLOPTS} from the shell environment at startup.
-@item
-Redirecting output using the @samp{>}, @samp{>|}, @samp{<>}, @samp{>&},
-@samp{&>}, and @samp{>>} redirection operators.
-@item
-Using the @code{exec} builtin to replace the shell with another command.
-@item
-Adding or deleting builtin commands with the
-@option{-f} and @option{-d} options to the @code{enable} builtin.
-@item
-Using the @code{enable} builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins.
-@item
-Specifying the @option{-p} option to the @code{command} builtin.
-@item
-Turning off restricted mode with @samp{set +r} or @samp{set +o restricted}.
-@end itemize
-
-These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
-
-When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
-(@pxref{Shell Scripts}), @code{rbash} turns off any restrictions in
-the shell spawned to execute the script.
-
-@node Bash POSIX Mode
-@section Bash POSIX Mode
-@cindex POSIX Mode
-
-Starting Bash with the @option{--posix} command-line option or executing
-@samp{set -o posix} while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
-closely to the @sc{posix} standard by changing the behavior to
-match that specified by @sc{posix} in areas where the Bash default differs.
-
-When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading the
-startup files.
-
-The following list is what's changed when `@sc{posix} mode' is in effect:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search
-@env{$PATH} to find the new location. This is also available with
-@samp{shopt -s checkhash}.
-
-@item
-The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
-exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'.
-
-@item
-The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
-is stopped is `Stopped(@var{signame})', where @var{signame} is, for
-example, @code{SIGTSTP}.
-
-@item
-The @code{bg} builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed
-in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job
-is the current or previous job.
-
-@item
-Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized
-do not undergo alias expansion.
-
-@item
-The @sc{posix} @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} expansions of @samp{!} to
-the history number and @samp{!!} to @samp{!} are enabled,
-and parameter expansion is performed on the values of @env{PS1} and
-@env{PS2} regardless of the setting of the @code{promptvars} option.
-
-@item
-The @sc{posix} startup files are executed (@env{$ENV}) rather than
-the normal Bash files.
-
-@item
-Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command
-name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
-
-@item
-The @code{command} builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment
-statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements;
-when not in @sc{posix} mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment
-statement expansion properties when preceded by @code{command}.
-
-@item
-The default history file is @file{~/.sh_history} (this is the
-default value of @env{$HISTFILE}).
-
-@item
-The output of @samp{kill -l} prints all the signal names on a single line,
-separated by spaces, without the @samp{SIG} prefix.
-
-@item
-The @code{kill} builtin does not accept signal names with a @samp{SIG}
-prefix.
-
-@item
-Non-interactive shells exit if @var{filename} in @code{.} @var{filename}
-is not found.
-
-@item
-Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion
-results in an invalid expression.
-
-@item
-Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read
-with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins, or in a string processed by
-the @code{eval} builtin.
-
-@item
-Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
-in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
-
-@item
-Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the
-redirection.
-
-@item
-Function names must be valid shell @code{name}s. That is, they may not
-contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
-may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name
-causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
-
-@item
-Function names may not be the same as one of the @sc{posix} special
-builtins.
-
-@item
-@sc{posix} special builtins are found before shell functions
-during command lookup.
-
-@item
-The @code{time} reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
-used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its
-completed children. The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable controls the format
-of the timing information.
-
-@item
-When parsing and expanding a $@{@dots{}@} expansion that appears within
-double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to
-quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is
-one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do
-not have to appear as matched pairs.
-
-@item
-The parser does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
-token begins with a @samp{-}.
-
-@item
-If a @sc{posix} special builtin returns an error status, a
-non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
-the @sc{posix} standard, and include things like passing incorrect options,
-redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding
-the command name, and so on.
-
-@item
-A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
-assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
-statements.
-A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign
-a value to a readonly variable.
-
-@item
-A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
-assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special
-builtin, but not with any other simple command.
-
-@item
-A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
-variable in a @code{for} statement or the selection variable in a
-@code{select} statement is a readonly variable.
-
-@item
-Process substitution is not available.
-
-@item
-While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the
-@samp{#} and @samp{?} special parameters.
-
-@item
-Assignment statements preceding @sc{posix} special builtins
-persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
-
-@item
-Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
-shell environment after the function returns, as if a @sc{posix}
-special builtin command had been executed.
-
-@item
-The @code{export} and @code{readonly} builtin commands display their
-output in the format required by @sc{posix}.
-
-@item
-The @code{trap} builtin displays signal names without the leading
-@code{SIG}.
-
-@item
-The @code{trap} builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
-signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
-disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and
-is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given
-signal to the original disposition, they should use @samp{-} as the
-first argument.
-
-@item
-The @code{.} and @code{source} builtins do not search the current directory
-for the filename argument if it is not found by searching @env{PATH}.
-
-@item
-Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
-the @option{-e} option from the parent shell. When not in @sc{posix} mode,
-Bash clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells.
-
-@item
-Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
-
-@item
-When the @code{alias} builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
-display them with a leading @samp{alias } unless the @option{-p} option
-is supplied.
-
-@item
-When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it does not display
-shell function names and definitions.
-
-@item
-When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it displays
-variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters,
-even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
-
-@item
-When the @code{cd} builtin is invoked in @var{logical} mode, and the pathname
-constructed from @code{$PWD} and the directory name supplied as an argument
-does not refer to an existing directory, @code{cd} will fail instead of
-falling back to @var{physical} mode.
-
-@item
-The @code{pwd} builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the
-current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the
-@option{-P} option.
-
-@item
-When listing the history, the @code{fc} builtin does not include an
-indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
-
-@item
-The default editor used by @code{fc} is @code{ed}.
-
-@item
-The @code{type} and @code{command} builtins will not report a non-executable
-file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a
-file if it is the only so-named file found in @code{$PATH}.
-
-@item
-The @code{vi} editing mode will invoke the @code{vi} editor directly when
-the @samp{v} command is run, instead of checking @code{$VISUAL} and
-@code{$EDITOR}.
-
-@item
-When the @code{xpg_echo} option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret
-any arguments to @code{echo} as options. Each argument is displayed, after
-escape characters are converted.
-
-@item
-The @code{ulimit} builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the @option{-c}
-and @option{-f} options.
-
-@item
-The arrival of @code{SIGCHLD} when a trap is set on @code{SIGCHLD} does
-not interrupt the @code{wait} builtin and cause it to return immediately.
-The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
-
-@item
-The @code{read} builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
-has been set.
-If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing @code{read}, the trap
-handler executes and @code{read} returns an exit status greater than 128.
-
-@end enumerate
-
-There is other @sc{posix} behavior that Bash does not implement by
-default even when in @sc{posix} mode.
-Specifically:
-
-@enumerate
-
-@item
-The @code{fc} builtin checks @code{$EDITOR} as a program to edit history
-entries if @code{FCEDIT} is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
-@code{ed}. @code{fc} uses @code{ed} if @code{EDITOR} is unset.
-
-@item
-As noted above, Bash requires the @code{xpg_echo} option to be enabled for
-the @code{echo} builtin to be fully conformant.
-
-@end enumerate
-
-Bash can be configured to be @sc{posix}-conformant by default, by specifying
-the @option{--enable-strict-posix-default} to @code{configure} when building
-(@pxref{Optional Features}).
-
-@node Job Control
-@chapter Job Control
-
-This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how
-Bash allows you to access its facilities.
-
-@menu
-* Job Control Basics:: How job control works.
-* Job Control Builtins:: Bash builtin commands used to interact
- with job control.
-* Job Control Variables:: Variables Bash uses to customize job
- control.
-@end menu
-
-@node Job Control Basics
-@section Job Control Basics
-@cindex job control
-@cindex foreground
-@cindex background
-@cindex suspending jobs
-
-Job control
-refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend)
-the execution of processes and continue (resume)
-their execution at a later point. A user typically employs
-this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly
-by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and Bash.
-
-The shell associates a @var{job} with each pipeline. It keeps a
-table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the
-@code{jobs} command. When Bash starts a job
-asynchronously, it prints a line that looks
-like:
-@example
-[1] 25647
-@end example
-@noindent
-indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process @sc{id}
-of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is
-25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of
-the same job. Bash uses the @var{job} abstraction as the
-basis for job control.
-
-To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
-control, the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal
-process group @sc{id}. Members of this process group (processes whose
-process group @sc{id} is equal to the current terminal process group
-@sc{id}) receive keyboard-generated signals such as @code{SIGINT}.
-These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background
-processes are those whose process group @sc{id} differs from the
-terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated
-signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if
-the user so specifies with @code{stty tostop}, write to the terminal.
-Background processes which attempt to
-read from (write to when @code{stty tostop} is in effect) the
-terminal are sent a @code{SIGTTIN} (@code{SIGTTOU})
-signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
-which, unless caught, suspends the process.
-
-If the operating system on which Bash is running supports
-job control, Bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the
-@var{suspend} character (typically @samp{^Z}, Control-Z) while a
-process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns
-control to Bash. Typing the @var{delayed suspend} character
-(typically @samp{^Y}, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
-when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
-be returned to Bash. The user then manipulates the state of
-this job, using the @code{bg} command to continue it in the
-background, the @code{fg} command to continue it in the
-foreground, or the @code{kill} command to kill it. A @samp{^Z}
-takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of
-causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
-
-There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The
-character @samp{%} introduces a job specification (@var{jobspec}).
-
-Job number @code{n} may be referred to as @samp{%n}.
-The symbols @samp{%%} and @samp{%+} refer to the shell's notion of the
-current job, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
-or started in the background.
-A single @samp{%} (with no accompanying job specification) also refers
-to the current job.
-The previous job may be referenced using @samp{%-}.
-If there is only a single job, @samp{%+} and @samp{%-} can both be used
-to refer to that job.
-In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the @code{jobs}
-command), the current job is always flagged with a @samp{+}, and the
-previous job with a @samp{-}.
-
-A job may also be referred to
-using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring
-that appears in its command line. For example, @samp{%ce} refers
-to a stopped @code{ce} job. Using @samp{%?ce}, on the
-other hand, refers to any job containing the string @samp{ce} in
-its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job,
-Bash reports an error.
-
-Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground:
-@samp{%1} is a synonym for @samp{fg %1}, bringing job 1 from the
-background into the foreground. Similarly, @samp{%1 &} resumes
-job 1 in the background, equivalent to @samp{bg %1}
-
-The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
-Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt
-before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
-any other output.
-If the @option{-b} option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled,
-Bash reports such changes immediately (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-Any trap on @code{SIGCHLD} is executed for each child process
-that exits.
-
-If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if
-the @code{checkjobs} option is enabled -- see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}), the
-shell prints a warning message, and if the @code{checkjobs} option is
-enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.
-The @code{jobs} command may then be used to inspect their status.
-If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
-Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
-
-@node Job Control Builtins
-@section Job Control Builtins
-
-@table @code
-
-@item bg
-@btindex bg
-@example
-bg [@var{jobspec} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Resume each suspended job @var{jobspec} in the background, as if it
-had been started with @samp{&}.
-If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used.
-The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not
-enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, any
-@var{jobspec} was not found or specifies a job
-that was started without job control.
-
-@item fg
-@btindex fg
-@example
-fg [@var{jobspec}]
-@end example
-
-Resume the job @var{jobspec} in the foreground and make it the current job.
-If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used.
-The return status is that of the command placed into the foreground,
-or non-zero if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
-job control enabled, @var{jobspec} does not specify a valid job or
-@var{jobspec} specifies a job that was started without job control.
-
-@item jobs
-@btindex jobs
-@example
-jobs [-lnprs] [@var{jobspec}]
-jobs -x @var{command} [@var{arguments}]
-@end example
-
-The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the
-following meanings:
-
-@table @code
-@item -l
-List process @sc{id}s in addition to the normal information.
-
-@item -n
-Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
-the user was last notified of their status.
-
-@item -p
-List only the process @sc{id} of the job's process group leader.
-
-@item -r
-Display only running jobs.
-
-@item -s
-Display only stopped jobs.
-@end table
-
-If @var{jobspec} is given,
-output is restricted to information about that job.
-If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the status of all jobs is
-listed.
-
-If the @option{-x} option is supplied, @code{jobs} replaces any
-@var{jobspec} found in @var{command} or @var{arguments} with the
-corresponding process group @sc{id}, and executes @var{command},
-passing it @var{argument}s, returning its exit status.
-
-@item kill
-@btindex kill
-@example
-kill [-s @var{sigspec}] [-n @var{signum}] [-@var{sigspec}] @var{jobspec} or @var{pid}
-kill -l [@var{exit_status}]
-@end example
-
-Send a signal specified by @var{sigspec} or @var{signum} to the process
-named by job specification @var{jobspec} or process @sc{id} @var{pid}.
-@var{sigspec} is either a case-insensitive signal name such as
-@code{SIGINT} (with or without the @code{SIG} prefix)
-or a signal number; @var{signum} is a signal number.
-If @var{sigspec} and @var{signum} are not present, @code{SIGTERM} is used.
-The @option{-l} option lists the signal names.
-If any arguments are supplied when @option{-l} is given, the names of the
-signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status
-is zero.
-@var{exit_status} is a number specifying a signal number or the exit
-status of a process terminated by a signal.
-The return status is zero if at least one signal was successfully sent,
-or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
-
-@item wait
-@btindex wait
-@example
-wait [@var{jobspec} or @var{pid} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Wait until the child process specified by each process @sc{id} @var{pid}
-or job specification @var{jobspec} exits and return the exit status of the
-last command waited for.
-If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for.
-If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are
-waited for, and the return status is zero.
-If the @option{-n} option is supplied, @code{wait} waits for any job to
-terminate and returns its exit status.
-If neither @var{jobspec} nor @var{pid} specifies an active child process
-of the shell, the return status is 127.
-
-@item disown
-@btindex disown
-@example
-disown [-ar] [-h] [@var{jobspec} @dots{}]
-@end example
-
-Without options, remove each @var{jobspec} from the table of
-active jobs.
-If the @option{-h} option is given, the job is not removed from the table,
-but is marked so that @code{SIGHUP} is not sent to the job if the shell
-receives a @code{SIGHUP}.
-If @var{jobspec} is not present, and neither the @option{-a} nor @option{-r}
-option is supplied, the current job is used.
-If no @var{jobspec} is supplied, the @option{-a} option means to remove or
-mark all jobs; the @option{-r} option without a @var{jobspec}
-argument restricts operation to running jobs.
-
-@item suspend
-@btindex suspend
-@example
-suspend [-f]
-@end example
-
-Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
-@code{SIGCONT} signal.
-A login shell cannot be suspended; the @option{-f}
-option can be used to override this and force the suspension.
-@end table
-
-When job control is not active, the @code{kill} and @code{wait}
-builtins do not accept @var{jobspec} arguments. They must be
-supplied process @sc{id}s.
-
-@node Job Control Variables
-@section Job Control Variables
-
-@vtable @code
-
-@item auto_resume
-This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
-job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
-commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
-of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
-more than one job beginning with the string typed, then
-the most recently accessed job will be selected.
-The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line
-used to start it. If this variable is set to the value @samp{exact},
-the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly;
-if set to @samp{substring},
-the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
-stopped job. The @samp{substring} value provides functionality
-analogous to the @samp{%?} job @sc{id} (@pxref{Job Control Basics}).
-If set to any other value, the supplied string must
-be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
-analogous to the @samp{%} job @sc{id}.
-
-@end vtable
-
-@set readline-appendix
-@set history-appendix
-@cindex Readline, how to use
-@include rluser.texi
-@cindex History, how to use
-@include hsuser.texi
-@clear readline-appendix
-@clear history-appendix
-
-@node Installing Bash
-@chapter Installing Bash
-
-This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
-the various supported platforms. The distribution supports the
-@sc{gnu} operating systems, nearly every version of Unix, and several
-non-Unix systems such as BeOS and Interix.
-Other independent ports exist for
-@sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2}, and Windows platforms.
-
-@menu
-* Basic Installation:: Installation instructions.
-* Compilers and Options:: How to set special options for various
- systems.
-* Compiling For Multiple Architectures:: How to compile Bash for more
- than one kind of system from
- the same source tree.
-* Installation Names:: How to set the various paths used by the installation.
-* Specifying the System Type:: How to configure Bash for a particular system.
-* Sharing Defaults:: How to share default configuration values among GNU
- programs.
-* Operation Controls:: Options recognized by the configuration program.
-* Optional Features:: How to enable and disable optional features when
- building Bash.
-@end menu
-
-@node Basic Installation
-@section Basic Installation
-@cindex installation
-@cindex configuration
-@cindex Bash installation
-@cindex Bash configuration
-
-These are installation instructions for Bash.
-
-The simplest way to compile Bash is:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-@code{cd} to the directory containing the source code and type
-@samp{./configure} to configure Bash for your system. If you're
-using @code{csh} on an old version of System V, you might need to
-type @samp{sh ./configure} instead to prevent @code{csh} from trying
-to execute @code{configure} itself.
-
-Running @code{configure} takes some time.
-While running, it prints messages telling which features it is
-checking for.
-
-@item
-Type @samp{make} to compile Bash and build the @code{bashbug} bug
-reporting script.
-
-@item
-Optionally, type @samp{make tests} to run the Bash test suite.
-
-@item
-Type @samp{make install} to install @code{bash} and @code{bashbug}.
-This will also install the manual pages and Info file.
-
-@end enumerate
-
-The @code{configure} shell script attempts to guess correct
-values for various system-dependent variables used during
-compilation. It uses those values to create a @file{Makefile} in
-each directory of the package (the top directory, the
-@file{builtins}, @file{doc}, and @file{support} directories,
-each directory under @file{lib}, and several others). It also creates a
-@file{config.h} file containing system-dependent definitions.
-Finally, it creates a shell script named @code{config.status} that you
-can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a
-file @file{config.cache} that saves the results of its tests to
-speed up reconfiguring, and a file @file{config.log} containing
-compiler output (useful mainly for debugging @code{configure}).
-If at some point
-@file{config.cache} contains results you don't want to keep, you
-may remove or edit it.
-
-To find out more about the options and arguments that the
-@code{configure} script understands, type
-
-@example
-bash-2.04$ ./configure --help
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory.
-
-If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please
-try to figure out how @code{configure} could check whether or not
-to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to
-@email{bash-maintainers@@gnu.org} so they can be
-considered for the next release.
-
-The file @file{configure.ac} is used to create @code{configure}
-by a program called Autoconf. You only need
-@file{configure.ac} if you want to change it or regenerate
-@code{configure} using a newer version of Autoconf. If
-you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or
-newer.
-
-You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
-source code directory by typing @samp{make clean}. To also remove the
-files that @code{configure} created (so you can compile Bash for
-a different kind of computer), type @samp{make distclean}.
-
-@node Compilers and Options
-@section Compilers and Options
-
-Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
-that the @code{configure} script does not know about. You can
-give @code{configure} initial values for variables by setting
-them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you
-can do that on the command line like this:
-
-@example
-CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
-@end example
-
-On systems that have the @code{env} program, you can do it like this:
-
-@example
-env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
-@end example
-
-The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it
-is available.
-
-@node Compiling For Multiple Architectures
-@section Compiling For Multiple Architectures
-
-You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
-same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
-own directory. To do this, you must use a version of @code{make} that
-supports the @code{VPATH} variable, such as GNU @code{make}.
-@code{cd} to the
-directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
-the @code{configure} script from the source directory. You may need to
-supply the @option{--srcdir=PATH} argument to tell @code{configure} where the
-source files are. @code{configure} automatically checks for the
-source code in the directory that @code{configure} is in and in `..'.
-
-If you have to use a @code{make} that does not supports the @code{VPATH}
-variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a
-time in the source code directory. After you have installed
-Bash for one architecture, use @samp{make distclean} before
-reconfiguring for another architecture.
-
-Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the
-@file{support/mkclone} script to create a build tree which has
-symbolic links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an
-example that creates a build directory in the current directory from a
-source directory @file{/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0}:
-
-@example
-bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 .
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The @code{mkclone} script requires Bash, so you must have already built
-Bash for at least one architecture before you can create build
-directories for other architectures.
-
-@node Installation Names
-@section Installation Names
-
-By default, @samp{make install} will install into
-@file{/usr/local/bin}, @file{/usr/local/man}, etc. You can
-specify an installation prefix other than @file{/usr/local} by
-giving @code{configure} the option @option{--prefix=@var{PATH}},
-or by specifying a value for the @code{DESTDIR} @samp{make}
-variable when running @samp{make install}.
-
-You can specify separate installation prefixes for
-architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.
-If you give @code{configure} the option
-@option{--exec-prefix=@var{PATH}}, @samp{make install} will use
-@var{PATH} as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
-Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.
-
-@node Specifying the System Type
-@section Specifying the System Type
-
-There may be some features @code{configure} can not figure out
-automatically, but need to determine by the type of host Bash
-will run on. Usually @code{configure} can figure that
-out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host
-type, give it the @option{--host=TYPE} option. @samp{TYPE} can
-either be a short name for the system type, such as @samp{sun4},
-or a canonical name with three fields: @samp{CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM}
-(e.g., @samp{i386-unknown-freebsd4.2}).
-
-See the file @file{support/config.sub} for the possible
-values of each field.
-
-@node Sharing Defaults
-@section Sharing Defaults
-
-If you want to set default values for @code{configure} scripts to
-share, you can create a site shell script called
-@code{config.site} that gives default values for variables like
-@code{CC}, @code{cache_file}, and @code{prefix}. @code{configure}
-looks for @file{PREFIX/share/config.site} if it exists, then
-@file{PREFIX/etc/config.site} if it exists. Or, you can set the
-@code{CONFIG_SITE} environment variable to the location of the site
-script. A warning: the Bash @code{configure} looks for a site script,
-but not all @code{configure} scripts do.
-
-@node Operation Controls
-@section Operation Controls
-
-@code{configure} recognizes the following options to control how it
-operates.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item --cache-file=@var{file}
-Use and save the results of the tests in
-@var{file} instead of @file{./config.cache}. Set @var{file} to
-@file{/dev/null} to disable caching, for debugging
-@code{configure}.
-
-@item --help
-Print a summary of the options to @code{configure}, and exit.
-
-@item --quiet
-@itemx --silent
-@itemx -q
-Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.
-
-@item --srcdir=@var{dir}
-Look for the Bash source code in directory @var{dir}. Usually
-@code{configure} can determine that directory automatically.
-
-@item --version
-Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the @code{configure}
-script, and exit.
-@end table
-
-@code{configure} also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate
-options. @samp{configure --help} prints the complete list.
-
-@node Optional Features
-@section Optional Features
-
-The Bash @code{configure} has a number of @option{--enable-@var{feature}}
-options, where @var{feature} indicates an optional part of Bash.
-There are also several @option{--with-@var{package}} options,
-where @var{package} is something like @samp{bash-malloc} or @samp{purify}.
-To turn off the default use of a package, use
-@option{--without-@var{package}}. To configure Bash without a feature
-that is enabled by default, use @option{--disable-@var{feature}}.
-
-Here is a complete list of the @option{--enable-} and
-@option{--with-} options that the Bash @code{configure} recognizes.
-
-@table @code
-@item --with-afs
-Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc.
-
-@item --with-bash-malloc
-Use the Bash version of
-@code{malloc} in the directory @file{lib/malloc}. This is not the same
-@code{malloc} that appears in @sc{gnu} libc, but an older version
-originally derived from the 4.2 @sc{bsd} @code{malloc}. This @code{malloc}
-is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation.
-This option is enabled by default.
-The @file{NOTES} file contains a list of systems for
-which this should be turned off, and @code{configure} disables this
-option automatically for a number of systems.
-
-@item --with-curses
-Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should
-be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap
-database.
-
-@item --with-gnu-malloc
-A synonym for @code{--with-bash-malloc}.
-
-@item --with-installed-readline[=@var{PREFIX}]
-Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of Readline
-rather than the version in @file{lib/readline}. This works only with
-Readline 5.0 and later versions. If @var{PREFIX} is @code{yes} or not
-supplied, @code{configure} uses the values of the make variables
-@code{includedir} and @code{libdir}, which are subdirectories of @code{prefix}
-by default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is not in
-the standard system include and library directories.
-If @var{PREFIX} is @code{no}, Bash links with the version in
-@file{lib/readline}.
-If @var{PREFIX} is set to any other value, @code{configure} treats it as
-a directory pathname and looks for
-the installed version of Readline in subdirectories of that directory
-(include files in @var{PREFIX}/@code{include} and the library in
-@var{PREFIX}/@code{lib}).
-
-@item --with-purify
-Define this to use the Purify memory allocation checker from Rational
-Software.
-
-@item --enable-minimal-config
-This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the historical
-Bourne shell.
-@end table
-
-There are several @option{--enable-} options that alter how Bash is
-compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features.
-
-@table @code
-@item --enable-largefile
-Enable support for @uref{http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html,
-large files} if the operating system requires special compiler options
-to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by
-default, if the operating system provides large file support.
-
-@item --enable-profiling
-This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be
-processed by @code{gprof} each time it is executed.
-
-@item --enable-static-link
-This causes Bash to be linked statically, if @code{gcc} is being used.
-This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell.
-@end table
-
-The @samp{minimal-config} option can be used to disable all of
-the following options, but it is processed first, so individual
-options may be enabled using @samp{enable-@var{feature}}.
-
-All of the following options except for @samp{disabled-builtins},
-@samp{directpand-default}, and
-@samp{xpg-echo-default} are
-enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the
-necessary support.
-
-@table @code
-@item --enable-alias
-Allow alias expansion and include the @code{alias} and @code{unalias}
-builtins (@pxref{Aliases}).
-
-@item --enable-arith-for-command
-Include support for the alternate form of the @code{for} command
-that behaves like the C language @code{for} statement
-(@pxref{Looping Constructs}).
-
-@item --enable-array-variables
-Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables
-(@pxref{Arrays}).
-
-@item --enable-bang-history
-Include support for @code{csh}-like history substitution
-(@pxref{History Interaction}).
-
-@item --enable-brace-expansion
-Include @code{csh}-like brace expansion
-( @code{b@{a,b@}c} @expansion{} @code{bac bbc} ).
-See @ref{Brace Expansion}, for a complete description.
-
-@item --enable-casemod-attributes
-Include support for case-modifying attributes in the @code{declare} builtin
-and assignment statements. Variables with the @var{uppercase} attribute,
-for example, will have their values converted to uppercase upon assignment.
-
-@item --enable-casemod-expansion
-Include support for case-modifying word expansions.
-
-@item --enable-command-timing
-Include support for recognizing @code{time} as a reserved word and for
-displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following @code{time}
-(@pxref{Pipelines}).
-This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed.
-
-@item --enable-cond-command
-Include support for the @code{[[} conditional command.
-(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-
-@item --enable-cond-regexp
-Include support for matching @sc{posix} regular expressions using the
-@samp{=~} binary operator in the @code{[[} conditional command.
-(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-
-@item --enable-coprocesses
-Include support for coprocesses and the @code{coproc} reserved word
-(@pxref{Pipelines}).
-
-@item --enable-debugger
-Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
-
-@item --enable-direxpand-default
-Cause the @code{direxpand} shell option (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin})
-to be enabled by default when the shell starts.
-It is normally disabled by default.
-
-@item --enable-directory-stack
-Include support for a @code{csh}-like directory stack and the
-@code{pushd}, @code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins
-(@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
-
-@item --enable-disabled-builtins
-Allow builtin commands to be invoked via @samp{builtin xxx}
-even after @code{xxx} has been disabled using @samp{enable -n xxx}.
-See @ref{Bash Builtins}, for details of the @code{builtin} and
-@code{enable} builtin commands.
-
-@item --enable-dparen-arithmetic
-Include support for the @code{((@dots{}))} command
-(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-
-@item --enable-extended-glob
-Include support for the extended pattern matching features described
-above under @ref{Pattern Matching}.
-
-@item --enable-extended-glob-default
-Set the default value of the @var{extglob} shell option described
-above under @ref{The Shopt Builtin} to be enabled.
-
-@item --enable-glob-asciirange-default
-Set the default value of the @var{globasciiranges} shell option described
-above under @ref{The Shopt Builtin} to be enabled.
-
-@item --enable-help-builtin
-Include the @code{help} builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
-variables (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item --enable-history
-Include command history and the @code{fc} and @code{history}
-builtin commands (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}).
-
-@item --enable-job-control
-This enables the job control features (@pxref{Job Control}),
-if the operating system supports them.
-
-@item --enable-multibyte
-This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating
-system provides the necessary support.
-
-@item --enable-net-redirections
-This enables the special handling of filenames of the form
-@code{/dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}} and
-@code{/dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}}
-when used in redirections (@pxref{Redirections}).
-
-@item --enable-process-substitution
-This enables process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution}) if
-the operating system provides the necessary support.
-
-@item --enable-progcomp
-Enable the programmable completion facilities
-(@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
-If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect.
-
-@item --enable-prompt-string-decoding
-Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters
-in the @env{$PS1}, @env{$PS2}, @env{$PS3}, and @env{$PS4} prompt
-strings. See @ref{Controlling the Prompt}, for a complete list of prompt
-string escape sequences.
-
-@item --enable-readline
-Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
-version of the Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
-
-@item --enable-restricted
-Include support for a @dfn{restricted shell}. If this is enabled, Bash,
-when called as @code{rbash}, enters a restricted mode. See
-@ref{The Restricted Shell}, for a description of restricted mode.
-
-@item --enable-select
-Include the @code{select} compound command, which allows the generation of
-simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-
-@item --enable-separate-helpfiles
-Use external files for the documentation displayed by the @code{help} builtin
-instead of storing the text internally.
-
-@item --enable-single-help-strings
-Store the text displayed by the @code{help} builtin as a single string for
-each help topic. This aids in translating the text to different languages.
-You may need to disable this if your compiler cannot handle very long string
-literals.
-
-@item --enable-strict-posix-default
-Make Bash @sc{posix}-conformant by default (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
-
-@item --enable-usg-echo-default
-A synonym for @code{--enable-xpg-echo-default}.
-
-@item --enable-xpg-echo-default
-Make the @code{echo} builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by default,
-without requiring the @option{-e} option.
-This sets the default value of the @code{xpg_echo} shell option to @code{on},
-which makes the Bash @code{echo} behave more like the version specified in
-the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
-@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a description of the escape sequences that
-@code{echo} recognizes.
-@end table
-
-The file @file{config-top.h} contains C Preprocessor
-@samp{#define} statements for options which are not settable from
-@code{configure}.
-Some of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if
-you do.
-Read the comments associated with each definition for more
-information about its effect.
-
-@node Reporting Bugs
-@appendix Reporting Bugs
-
-Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
-But first, you should
-make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
-version of Bash.
-The latest version of Bash is always available for FTP from
-@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/}.
-
-Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
-@code{bashbug} command to submit a bug report.
-If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
-Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
-to @email{bug-bash@@gnu.org} or posted to the Usenet
-newsgroup @code{gnu.bash.bug}.
-
-All bug reports should include:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-The version number of Bash.
-@item
-The hardware and operating system.
-@item
-The compiler used to compile Bash.
-@item
-A description of the bug behaviour.
-@item
-A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
-to reproduce it.
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent
-@code{bashbug} inserts the first three items automatically into
-the template it provides for filing a bug report.
-
-Please send all reports concerning this manual to
-@email{bug-bash@@gnu.org}.
-
-@node Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
-@appendix Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
-
-Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
-variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell.
-Bash uses the @sc{posix} standard as the specification of
-how these features are to be implemented. There are some
-differences between the traditional Bourne shell and Bash; this
-section quickly details the differences of significance. A
-number of these differences are explained in greater depth in
-previous sections.
-This section uses the version of @code{sh} included in SVR4.2 (the
-last version of the historical Bourne shell) as the baseline reference.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-Bash is @sc{posix}-conformant, even where the @sc{posix} specification
-differs from traditional @code{sh} behavior (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
-
-@item
-Bash has multi-character invocation options (@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
-
-@item
-Bash has command-line editing (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) and
-the @code{bind} builtin.
-
-@item
-Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism
-(@pxref{Programmable Completion}), and builtin commands
-@code{complete}, @code{compgen}, and @code{compopt}, to
-manipulate it.
-
-@item
-Bash has command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}) and the
-@code{history} and @code{fc} builtins to manipulate it.
-The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
-value of the @code{HISTTIMEFORMAT} variable to display it.
-
-@item
-Bash implements @code{csh}-like history expansion
-(@pxref{History Interaction}).
-
-@item
-Bash has one-dimensional array variables (@pxref{Arrays}), and the
-appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them.
-Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays.
-Bash provides a number of built-in array variables.
-
-@item
-The @code{$'@dots{}'} quoting syntax, which expands ANSI-C
-backslash-escaped characters in the text between the single quotes,
-is supported (@pxref{ANSI-C Quoting}).
-
-@item
-Bash supports the @code{$"@dots{}"} quoting syntax to do
-locale-specific translation of the characters between the double
-quotes. The @option{-D}, @option{--dump-strings}, and @option{--dump-po-strings}
-invocation options list the translatable strings found in a script
-(@pxref{Locale Translation}).
-
-@item
-Bash implements the @code{!} keyword to negate the return value of
-a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}).
-Very useful when an @code{if} statement needs to act only if a test fails.
-The Bash @samp{-o pipefail} option to @code{set} will cause a pipeline to
-return a failure status if any command fails.
-
-@item
-Bash has the @code{time} reserved word and command timing (@pxref{Pipelines}).
-The display of the timing statistics may be controlled with the
-@env{TIMEFORMAT} variable.
-
-@item
-Bash implements the @code{for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} ))}
-arithmetic for command, similar to the C language (@pxref{Looping Constructs}).
-
-@item
-Bash includes the @code{select} compound command, which allows the
-generation of simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
-
-@item
-Bash includes the @code{[[} compound command, which makes conditional
-testing part of the shell grammar (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}), including
-optional regular expression matching.
-
-@item
-Bash provides optional case-insensitive matching for the @code{case} and
-@code{[[} constructs.
-
-@item
-Bash includes brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}) and tilde
-expansion (@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
-
-@item
-Bash implements command aliases and the @code{alias} and @code{unalias}
-builtins (@pxref{Aliases}).
-
-@item
-Bash provides shell arithmetic, the @code{((} compound command
-(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}),
-and arithmetic expansion (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
-
-@item
-Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically
-exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do
-this unless the variables are explicitly marked using the @code{export}
-command.
-
-@item
-Bash supports the @samp{+=} assignment operator, which appends to the value
-of the variable named on the left hand side.
-
-@item
-Bash includes the @sc{posix} pattern removal @samp{%}, @samp{#}, @samp{%%}
-and @samp{##} expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from
-variable values (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@item
-The expansion @code{$@{#xx@}}, which returns the length of @code{$@{xx@}},
-is supported (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@item
-The expansion @code{$@{var:}@var{offset}@code{[:}@var{length}@code{]@}},
-which expands to the substring of @code{var}'s value of length
-@var{length}, beginning at @var{offset}, is present
-(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@item
-The expansion
-@code{$@{var/[/]}@var{pattern}@code{[/}@var{replacement}@code{]@}},
-which matches @var{pattern} and replaces it with @var{replacement} in
-the value of @code{var}, is available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@item
-The expansion @code{$@{!@var{prefix}*@}} expansion, which expands to
-the names of all shell variables whose names begin with @var{prefix},
-is available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@item
-Bash has @var{indirect} variable expansion using @code{$@{!word@}}
-(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
-
-@item
-Bash can expand positional parameters beyond @code{$9} using
-@code{$@{@var{num}@}}.
-
-@item
-The @sc{posix} @code{$()} form of command substitution
-is implemented (@pxref{Command Substitution}),
-and preferred to the Bourne shell's @code{``} (which
-is also implemented for backwards compatibility).
-
-@item
-Bash has process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution}).
-
-@item
-Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the
-current user (@env{UID}, @env{EUID}, and @env{GROUPS}), the current host
-(@env{HOSTTYPE}, @env{OSTYPE}, @env{MACHTYPE}, and @env{HOSTNAME}),
-and the instance of Bash that is running (@env{BASH},
-@env{BASH_VERSION}, and @env{BASH_VERSINFO}). @xref{Bash Variables},
-for details.
-
-@item
-The @env{IFS} variable is used to split only the results of expansion,
-not all words (@pxref{Word Splitting}).
-This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
-
-@item
-The filename expansion bracket expression code uses @samp{!} and @samp{^}
-to negate the set of characters between the brackets.
-The Bourne shell uses only @samp{!}.
-
-@item
-Bash implements the full set of @sc{posix} filename expansion operators,
-including @var{character classes}, @var{equivalence classes}, and
-@var{collating symbols} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
-
-@item
-Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the @code{extglob}
-shell option is enabled (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).
-
-@item
-It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name;
-@code{sh} does not separate the two name spaces.
-
-@item
-Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the
-@code{local} builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written
-(@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item
-Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even
-builtins and functions (@pxref{Environment}).
-In @code{sh}, all variable assignments
-preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
-file system.
-
-@item
-Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands
-to input and output redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
-
-@item
-Bash contains the @samp{<>} redirection operator, allowing a file to be
-opened for both reading and writing, and the @samp{&>} redirection
-operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same
-file (@pxref{Redirections}).
-
-@item
-Bash includes the @samp{<<<} redirection operator, allowing a string to
-be used as the standard input to a command.
-
-@item
-Bash implements the @samp{[n]<&@var{word}} and @samp{[n]>&@var{word}}
-redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another.
-
-@item
-Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are
-used in redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
-
-@item
-Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services
-with the redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
-
-@item
-The @code{noclobber} option is available to avoid overwriting existing
-files with output redirection (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-The @samp{>|} redirection operator may be used to override @code{noclobber}.
-
-@item
-The Bash @code{cd} and @code{pwd} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
-each take @option{-L} and @option{-P} options to switch between logical and
-physical modes.
-
-@item
-Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides
-access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the
-@code{builtin} and @code{command} builtins (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item
-The @code{command} builtin allows selective disabling of functions
-when command lookup is performed (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item
-Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the @code{enable}
-builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item
-The Bash @code{exec} builtin takes additional options that allow users
-to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed
-command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-
-@item
-Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment
-using @code{export -f} (@pxref{Shell Functions}).
-
-@item
-The Bash @code{export}, @code{readonly}, and @code{declare} builtins can
-take a @option{-f} option to act on shell functions, a @option{-p} option to
-display variables with various attributes set in a format that can be
-used as shell input, a @option{-n} option to remove various variable
-attributes, and @samp{name=value} arguments to set variable attributes
-and values simultaneously.
-
-@item
-The Bash @code{hash} builtin allows a name to be associated with
-an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by
-searching the @env{$PATH}, using @samp{hash -p}
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-
-@item
-Bash includes a @code{help} builtin for quick reference to shell
-facilities (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item
-The @code{printf} builtin is available to display formatted output
-(@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item
-The Bash @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins})
-will read a line ending in @samp{\} with
-the @option{-r} option, and will use the @env{REPLY} variable as a
-default if no non-option arguments are supplied.
-The Bash @code{read} builtin
-also accepts a prompt string with the @option{-p} option and will use
-Readline to obtain the line when given the @option{-e} option.
-The @code{read} builtin also has additional options to control input:
-the @option{-s} option will turn off echoing of input characters as
-they are read, the @option{-t} option will allow @code{read} to time out
-if input does not arrive within a specified number of seconds, the
-@option{-n} option will allow reading only a specified number of
-characters rather than a full line, and the @option{-d} option will read
-until a particular character rather than newline.
-
-@item
-The @code{return} builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts
-executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins
-(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-
-@item
-Bash includes the @code{shopt} builtin, for finer control of shell
-optional capabilities (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), and allows these options
-to be set and unset at shell invocation (@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
-
-@item
-Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the @code{set}
-builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-
-@item
-The @samp{-x} (@option{xtrace}) option displays commands other than
-simple commands when performing an execution trace
-(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
-
-@item
-The @code{test} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
-is slightly different, as it implements the @sc{posix} algorithm,
-which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.
-
-@item
-Bash includes the @code{caller} builtin, which displays the context of
-any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with
-the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins). This supports the bash
-debugger.
-
-@item
-The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a
-@code{DEBUG} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT}.
-Commands specified with a @code{DEBUG} trap are executed before every
-simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} command,
-@code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and before
-the first command executes in a shell function.
-The @code{DEBUG} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
-function has been given the @code{trace} attribute or the
-@code{functrace} option has been enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin.
-The @code{extdebug} shell option has additional effects on the
-@code{DEBUG} trap.
-
-The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows an
-@code{ERR} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT} and @code{DEBUG}.
-Commands specified with an @code{ERR} trap are executed after a simple
-command fails, with a few exceptions.
-The @code{ERR} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
-@code{-o errtrace} option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled.
-
-The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a
-@code{RETURN} pseudo-signal specification, similar to
-@code{EXIT} and @code{DEBUG}.
-Commands specified with an @code{RETURN} trap are executed before
-execution resumes after a shell function or a shell script executed with
-@code{.} or @code{source} returns.
-The @code{RETURN} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
-function has been given the @code{trace} attribute or the
-@code{functrace} option has been enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin.
-
-@item
-The Bash @code{type} builtin is more extensive and gives more information
-about the names it finds (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
-
-@item
-The Bash @code{umask} builtin permits a @option{-p} option to cause
-the output to be displayed in the form of a @code{umask} command
-that may be reused as input (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
-
-@item
-Bash implements a @code{csh}-like directory stack, and provides the
-@code{pushd}, @code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins to manipulate it
-(@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
-Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the
-@env{DIRSTACK} shell variable.
-
-@item
-Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
-strings when interactive (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}).
-
-@item
-The Bash restricted mode is more useful (@pxref{The Restricted Shell});
-the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
-
-@item
-The @code{disown} builtin can remove a job from the internal shell
-job table (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or suppress the sending
-of @code{SIGHUP} to a job when the shell exits as the result of a
-@code{SIGHUP}.
-
-@item
-Bash includes a number of features to support a separate debugger for
-shell scripts.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 shell has two privilege-related builtins
-(@code{mldmode} and @code{priv}) not present in Bash.
-
-@item
-Bash does not have the @code{stop} or @code{newgrp} builtins.
-
-@item
-Bash does not use the @env{SHACCT} variable or perform shell accounting.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 @code{sh} uses a @env{TIMEOUT} variable like Bash uses
-@env{TMOUT}.
-
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent
-More features unique to Bash may be found in @ref{Bash Features}.
-
-
-@appendixsec Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell
-
-Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
-many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-Bash does not fork a subshell when redirecting into or out of
-a shell control structure such as an @code{if} or @code{while}
-statement.
-
-@item
-Bash does not allow unbalanced quotes. The SVR4.2 shell will silently
-insert a needed closing quote at @code{EOF} under certain circumstances.
-This can be the cause of some hard-to-find errors.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 shell uses a baroque memory management scheme based on
-trapping @code{SIGSEGV}. If the shell is started from a process with
-@code{SIGSEGV} blocked (e.g., by using the @code{system()} C library
-function call), it misbehaves badly.
-
-@item
-In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell,
-when invoked without the @option{-p} option, will alter its real
-and effective @sc{uid} and @sc{gid} if they are less than some
-magic threshold value, commonly 100.
-This can lead to unexpected results.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 shell does not allow users to trap @code{SIGSEGV},
-@code{SIGALRM}, or @code{SIGCHLD}.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 shell does not allow the @env{IFS}, @env{MAILCHECK},
-@env{PATH}, @env{PS1}, or @env{PS2} variables to be unset.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 shell treats @samp{^} as the undocumented equivalent of
-@samp{|}.
-
-@item
-Bash allows multiple option arguments when it is invoked (@code{-x -v});
-the SVR4.2 shell allows only one option argument (@code{-xv}). In
-fact, some versions of the shell dump core if the second argument begins
-with a @samp{-}.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits
-a script only if one of the @sc{posix} special builtins fails, and
-only for certain failures, as enumerated in the @sc{posix} standard.
-
-@item
-The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as @code{jsh}
-(it turns on job control).
-@end itemize
-
-@node GNU Free Documentation License
-@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
-
-@include fdl.texi
-
-@node Indexes
-@appendix Indexes
-
-@menu
-* Builtin Index:: Index of Bash builtin commands.
-* Reserved Word Index:: Index of Bash reserved words.
-* Variable Index:: Quick reference helps you find the
- variable you want.
-* Function Index:: Index of bindable Readline functions.
-* Concept Index:: General index for concepts described in
- this manual.
-@end menu
-
-@node Builtin Index
-@appendixsec Index of Shell Builtin Commands
-@printindex bt
-
-@node Reserved Word Index
-@appendixsec Index of Shell Reserved Words
-@printindex rw
-
-@node Variable Index
-@appendixsec Parameter and Variable Index
-@printindex vr
-
-@node Function Index
-@appendixsec Function Index
-@printindex fn
-
-@node Concept Index
-@appendixsec Concept Index
-@printindex cp
-
-@bye
+++ /dev/null
-@ignore
-Copyright (C) 1988-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@end ignore
-
-@set LASTCHANGE Thu Mar 21 10:09:44 EDT 2013
-
-@set EDITION 4.3
-@set VERSION 4.3
-@set UPDATED 21 March 2013
-@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2013
+++ /dev/null
-#
-# Simple makefile for the sample loadable builtins
-#
-# Copyright (C) 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-# any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
-
-# Include some boilerplate Gnu makefile definitions.
-prefix = @prefix@
-
-exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
-bindir = @bindir@
-libdir = @libdir@
-infodir = @infodir@
-includedir = @includedir@
-
-topdir = @top_srcdir@
-BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-VPATH = .:@srcdir@
-
-@SET_MAKE@
-CC = @CC@
-RM = rm -f
-
-SHELL = @MAKE_SHELL@
-
-host_os = @host_os@
-host_cpu = @host_cpu@
-host_vendor = @host_vendor@
-
-CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
-LOCAL_CFLAGS = @LOCAL_CFLAGS@
-DEFS = @DEFS@
-LOCAL_DEFS = @LOCAL_DEFS@
-
-CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
-
-BASHINCDIR = ${topdir}/include
-
-LIBBUILD = ${BUILD_DIR}/lib
-
-INTL_LIBSRC = ${topdir}/lib/intl
-INTL_BUILDDIR = ${LIBBUILD}/intl
-INTL_INC = @INTL_INC@
-LIBINTL_H = @LIBINTL_H@
-
-CCFLAGS = $(DEFS) $(LOCAL_DEFS) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
-
-#
-# These values are generated for configure by ${topdir}/support/shobj-conf.
-# If your system is not supported by that script, but includes facilities for
-# dynamic loading of shared objects, please update the script and send the
-# changes to bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
-#
-SHOBJ_CC = @SHOBJ_CC@
-SHOBJ_CFLAGS = @SHOBJ_CFLAGS@
-SHOBJ_LD = @SHOBJ_LD@
-SHOBJ_LDFLAGS = @SHOBJ_LDFLAGS@
-SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS = @SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS@
-SHOBJ_LIBS = @SHOBJ_LIBS@
-SHOBJ_STATUS = @SHOBJ_STATUS@
-
-INC = -I. -I.. -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(topdir)/builtins \
- -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(BUILD_DIR) -I$(LIBBUILD) \
- -I$(BUILD_DIR)/builtins $(INTL_INC)
-
-.c.o:
- $(SHOBJ_CC) $(SHOBJ_CFLAGS) $(CCFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<
-
-
-ALLPROG = print truefalse sleep pushd finfo logname basename dirname \
- tty pathchk tee head mkdir rmdir printenv id whoami \
- uname sync push ln unlink cut realpath getconf strftime
-OTHERPROG = necho hello cat
-
-all: $(SHOBJ_STATUS)
-
-supported: $(ALLPROG)
-others: $(OTHERPROG)
-
-unsupported:
- @echo "Your system (${host_os}) is not supported by the"
- @echo "${topdir}/support/shobj-conf script."
- @echo "If your operating system provides facilities for dynamic"
- @echo "loading of shared objects using the dlopen(3) interface,"
- @echo "please update the script and re-run configure.
- @echo "Please send the changes you made to bash-maintainers@gnu.org"
- @echo "for inclusion in future bash releases."
-
-everything: supported others
-
-print: print.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ print.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-necho: necho.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ necho.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-getconf: getconf.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ getconf.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-hello: hello.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ hello.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-truefalse: truefalse.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ truefalse.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-sleep: sleep.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ sleep.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-finfo: finfo.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ finfo.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-cat: cat.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ cat.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-logname: logname.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ logname.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-basename: basename.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ basename.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-dirname: dirname.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ dirname.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-tty: tty.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ tty.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-pathchk: pathchk.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ pathchk.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-tee: tee.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ tee.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-mkdir: mkdir.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ mkdir.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-rmdir: rmdir.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ rmdir.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-head: head.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ head.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-printenv: printenv.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ printenv.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-id: id.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ id.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-whoami: whoami.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ whoami.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-uname: uname.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ uname.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-sync: sync.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ sync.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-push: push.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ push.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-ln: ln.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ ln.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-unlink: unlink.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ unlink.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-cut: cut.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ cut.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-realpath: realpath.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ realpath.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-strftime: strftime.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ strftime.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-# pushd is a special case. We use the same source that the builtin version
-# uses, with special compilation options.
-#
-pushd.c: ${topdir}/builtins/pushd.def
- $(RM) $@
- ${BUILD_DIR}/builtins/mkbuiltins -D ${topdir}/builtins ${topdir}/builtins/pushd.def
-
-pushd.o: pushd.c
- $(RM) $@
- $(SHOBJ_CC) -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DPUSHD_AND_POPD -DLOADABLE_BUILTIN $(SHOBJ_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<
-
-pushd: pushd.o
- $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ pushd.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
-
-clean:
- $(RM) $(ALLPROG) $(OTHERPROG) *.o
- -( cd perl && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} $@ )
-
-mostlyclean: clean
- -( cd perl && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} $@ )
-
-distclean maintainer-clean: clean
- $(RM) Makefile pushd.c
- -( cd perl && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} $@ )
-
-print.o: print.c
-truefalse.o: truefalse.c
-sleep.o: sleep.c
-finfo.o: finfo.c
-logname.o: logname.c
-basename.o: basename.c
-dirname.o: dirname.c
-tty.o: tty.c
-pathchk.o: pathchk.c
-tee.o: tee.c
-head.o: head.c
-rmdir.o: rmdir.c
-necho.o: necho.c
-getconf.o: getconf.c
-hello.o: hello.c
-cat.o: cat.c
-printenv.o: printenv.c
-id.o: id.c
-whoami.o: whoami.c
-uname.o: uname.c
-sync.o: sync.c
-push.o: push.c
-mkdir.o: mkdir.c
-realpath.o: realpath.c
-strftime.o: strftime.c
+++ /dev/null
-/* expr.c -- arithmetic expression evaluation. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1990-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-/*
- All arithmetic is done as intmax_t integers with no checking for overflow
- (though division by 0 is caught and flagged as an error).
-
- The following operators are handled, grouped into a set of levels in
- order of decreasing precedence.
-
- "id++", "id--" [post-increment and post-decrement]
- "++id", "--id" [pre-increment and pre-decrement]
- "-", "+" [(unary operators)]
- "!", "~"
- "**" [(exponentiation)]
- "*", "/", "%"
- "+", "-"
- "<<", ">>"
- "<=", ">=", "<", ">"
- "==", "!="
- "&"
- "^"
- "|"
- "&&"
- "||"
- "expr ? expr : expr"
- "=", "*=", "/=", "%=", "+=", "-=", "<<=", ">>=", "&=", "^=", "|="
- , [comma]
-
- (Note that most of these operators have special meaning to bash, and an
- entire expression should be quoted, e.g. "a=$a+1" or "a=a+1" to ensure
- that it is passed intact to the evaluator when using `let'. When using
- the $[] or $(( )) forms, the text between the `[' and `]' or `((' and `))'
- is treated as if in double quotes.)
-
- Sub-expressions within parentheses have a precedence level greater than
- all of the above levels and are evaluated first. Within a single prece-
- dence group, evaluation is left-to-right, except for the arithmetic
- assignment operator (`='), which is evaluated right-to-left (as in C).
-
- The expression evaluator returns the value of the expression (assignment
- statements have as a value what is returned by the RHS). The `let'
- builtin, on the other hand, returns 0 if the last expression evaluates to
- a non-zero, and 1 otherwise.
-
- Implementation is a recursive-descent parser.
-
- Chet Ramey
- chet@po.cwru.edu
-*/
-
-#include "config.h"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "bashansi.h"
-
-#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
-# ifdef _MINIX
-# include <sys/types.h>
-# endif
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#include "chartypes.h"
-#include "bashintl.h"
-
-#include "shell.h"
-#include "typemax.h" /* INTMAX_MAX, INTMAX_MIN */
-
-/* Because of the $((...)) construct, expressions may include newlines.
- Here is a macro which accepts newlines, tabs and spaces as whitespace. */
-#define cr_whitespace(c) (whitespace(c) || ((c) == '\n'))
-
-/* Size be which the expression stack grows when neccessary. */
-#define EXPR_STACK_GROW_SIZE 10
-
-/* Maximum amount of recursion allowed. This prevents a non-integer
- variable such as "num=num+2" from infinitely adding to itself when
- "let num=num+2" is given. */
-#define MAX_EXPR_RECURSION_LEVEL 1024
-
-/* The Tokens. Singing "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". */
-
-#define EQEQ 1 /* "==" */
-#define NEQ 2 /* "!=" */
-#define LEQ 3 /* "<=" */
-#define GEQ 4 /* ">=" */
-#define STR 5 /* string */
-#define NUM 6 /* number */
-#define LAND 7 /* "&&" Logical AND */
-#define LOR 8 /* "||" Logical OR */
-#define LSH 9 /* "<<" Left SHift */
-#define RSH 10 /* ">>" Right SHift */
-#define OP_ASSIGN 11 /* op= expassign as in Posix.2 */
-#define COND 12 /* exp1 ? exp2 : exp3 */
-#define POWER 13 /* exp1**exp2 */
-#define PREINC 14 /* ++var */
-#define PREDEC 15 /* --var */
-#define POSTINC 16 /* var++ */
-#define POSTDEC 17 /* var-- */
-#define EQ '='
-#define GT '>'
-#define LT '<'
-#define PLUS '+'
-#define MINUS '-'
-#define MUL '*'
-#define DIV '/'
-#define MOD '%'
-#define NOT '!'
-#define LPAR '('
-#define RPAR ')'
-#define BAND '&' /* Bitwise AND */
-#define BOR '|' /* Bitwise OR. */
-#define BXOR '^' /* Bitwise eXclusive OR. */
-#define BNOT '~' /* Bitwise NOT; Two's complement. */
-#define QUES '?'
-#define COL ':'
-#define COMMA ','
-
-/* This should be the function corresponding to the operator with the
- highest precedence. */
-#define EXP_HIGHEST expcomma
-
-#ifndef MAX_INT_LEN
-# define MAX_INT_LEN 32
-#endif
-
-struct lvalue
-{
- char *tokstr; /* possibly-rewritten lvalue if not NULL */
- intmax_t tokval; /* expression evaluated value */
- SHELL_VAR *tokvar; /* variable described by array or var reference */
- intmax_t ind; /* array index if not -1 */
-};
-
-/* A structure defining a single expression context. */
-typedef struct {
- int curtok, lasttok;
- char *expression, *tp, *lasttp;
- intmax_t tokval;
- char *tokstr;
- int noeval;
- struct lvalue lval;
-} EXPR_CONTEXT;
-
-static char *expression; /* The current expression */
-static char *tp; /* token lexical position */
-static char *lasttp; /* pointer to last token position */
-static int curtok; /* the current token */
-static int lasttok; /* the previous token */
-static int assigntok; /* the OP in OP= */
-static char *tokstr; /* current token string */
-static intmax_t tokval; /* current token value */
-static int noeval; /* set to 1 if no assignment to be done */
-static procenv_t evalbuf;
-
-static struct lvalue curlval = {0, 0, 0, -1};
-static struct lvalue lastlval = {0, 0, 0, -1};
-
-static int _is_arithop __P((int));
-static void readtok __P((void)); /* lexical analyzer */
-
-static void init_lvalue __P((struct lvalue *));
-static struct lvalue *alloc_lvalue __P((void));
-static void free_lvalue __P((struct lvalue *));
-
-static intmax_t expr_streval __P((char *, int, struct lvalue *));
-static intmax_t strlong __P((char *));
-static void evalerror __P((const char *));
-
-static void pushexp __P((void));
-static void popexp __P((void));
-static void expr_unwind __P((void));
-static void expr_bind_variable __P((char *, char *));
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static void expr_bind_array_element __P((char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-#endif
-
-static intmax_t subexpr __P((char *));
-
-static intmax_t expcomma __P((void));
-static intmax_t expassign __P((void));
-static intmax_t expcond __P((void));
-static intmax_t explor __P((void));
-static intmax_t expland __P((void));
-static intmax_t expbor __P((void));
-static intmax_t expbxor __P((void));
-static intmax_t expband __P((void));
-static intmax_t exp5 __P((void));
-static intmax_t exp4 __P((void));
-static intmax_t expshift __P((void));
-static intmax_t exp3 __P((void));
-static intmax_t exp2 __P((void));
-static intmax_t exppower __P((void));
-static intmax_t exp1 __P((void));
-static intmax_t exp0 __P((void));
-
-/* Global var which contains the stack of expression contexts. */
-static EXPR_CONTEXT **expr_stack;
-static int expr_depth; /* Location in the stack. */
-static int expr_stack_size; /* Number of slots already allocated. */
-
-extern char *this_command_name;
-extern int unbound_vars_is_error, last_command_exit_value;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-extern const char * const bash_badsub_errmsg;
-#endif
-
-#define SAVETOK(X) \
- do { \
- (X)->curtok = curtok; \
- (X)->lasttok = lasttok; \
- (X)->tp = tp; \
- (X)->lasttp = lasttp; \
- (X)->tokval = tokval; \
- (X)->tokstr = tokstr; \
- (X)->noeval = noeval; \
- (X)->lval = curlval; \
- } while (0)
-
-#define RESTORETOK(X) \
- do { \
- curtok = (X)->curtok; \
- lasttok = (X)->lasttok; \
- tp = (X)->tp; \
- lasttp = (X)->lasttp; \
- tokval = (X)->tokval; \
- tokstr = (X)->tokstr; \
- noeval = (X)->noeval; \
- curlval = (X)->lval; \
- } while (0)
-
-/* Push and save away the contents of the globals describing the
- current expression context. */
-static void
-pushexp ()
-{
- EXPR_CONTEXT *context;
-
- if (expr_depth >= MAX_EXPR_RECURSION_LEVEL)
- evalerror (_("expression recursion level exceeded"));
-
- if (expr_depth >= expr_stack_size)
- {
- expr_stack_size += EXPR_STACK_GROW_SIZE;
- expr_stack = (EXPR_CONTEXT **)xrealloc (expr_stack, expr_stack_size * sizeof (EXPR_CONTEXT *));
- }
-
- context = (EXPR_CONTEXT *)xmalloc (sizeof (EXPR_CONTEXT));
-
- context->expression = expression;
- SAVETOK(context);
-
- expr_stack[expr_depth++] = context;
-}
-
-/* Pop the the contents of the expression context stack into the
- globals describing the current expression context. */
-static void
-popexp ()
-{
- EXPR_CONTEXT *context;
-
- if (expr_depth == 0)
- evalerror (_("recursion stack underflow"));
-
- context = expr_stack[--expr_depth];
-
- expression = context->expression;
- RESTORETOK (context);
-
- free (context);
-}
-
-static void
-expr_unwind ()
-{
- while (--expr_depth > 0)
- {
- if (expr_stack[expr_depth]->tokstr)
- free (expr_stack[expr_depth]->tokstr);
-
- if (expr_stack[expr_depth]->expression)
- free (expr_stack[expr_depth]->expression);
-
- free (expr_stack[expr_depth]);
- }
- free (expr_stack[expr_depth]); /* free the allocated EXPR_CONTEXT */
-
- noeval = 0; /* XXX */
-}
-
-static void
-expr_bind_variable (lhs, rhs)
- char *lhs, *rhs;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = bind_int_variable (lhs, rhs);
- if (v && (readonly_p (v) || noassign_p (v)))
- longjmp (evalbuf, 1); /* variable assignment error */
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (lhs);
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-/* Rewrite tok, which is of the form vname[expression], to vname[ind], where
- IND is the already-calculated value of expression. */
-static void
-expr_bind_array_element (tok, ind, rhs)
- char *tok;
- arrayind_t ind;
- char *rhs;
-{
- char *lhs, *vname;
- size_t llen;
- char ibuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (arrayind_t) + 1], *istr;
-
- istr = fmtumax (ind, 10, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf), 0);
- vname = array_variable_name (tok, (char **)NULL, (int *)NULL);
-
- llen = strlen (vname) + sizeof (ibuf) + 3;
- lhs = xmalloc (llen);
-
- sprintf (lhs, "%s[%s]", vname, istr); /* XXX */
-
-/*itrace("expr_bind_array_element: %s=%s", lhs, rhs);*/
- expr_bind_variable (lhs, rhs);
- free (vname);
- free (lhs);
-}
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
-/* Evaluate EXPR, and return the arithmetic result. If VALIDP is
- non-null, a zero is stored into the location to which it points
- if the expression is invalid, non-zero otherwise. If a non-zero
- value is returned in *VALIDP, the return value of evalexp() may
- be used.
-
- The `while' loop after the longjmp is caught relies on the above
- implementation of pushexp and popexp leaving in expr_stack[0] the
- values that the variables had when the program started. That is,
- the first things saved are the initial values of the variables that
- were assigned at program startup or by the compiler. Therefore, it is
- safe to let the loop terminate when expr_depth == 0, without freeing up
- any of the expr_depth[0] stuff. */
-intmax_t
-evalexp (expr, validp)
- char *expr;
- int *validp;
-{
- intmax_t val;
- int c;
- procenv_t oevalbuf;
-
- val = 0;
- noeval = 0;
-
- FASTCOPY (evalbuf, oevalbuf, sizeof (evalbuf));
-
- c = setjmp_nosigs (evalbuf);
-
- if (c)
- {
- FREE (tokstr);
- FREE (expression);
- tokstr = expression = (char *)NULL;
-
- expr_unwind ();
-
- if (validp)
- *validp = 0;
- return (0);
- }
-
- val = subexpr (expr);
-
- if (validp)
- *validp = 1;
-
- FASTCOPY (oevalbuf, evalbuf, sizeof (evalbuf));
-
- return (val);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-subexpr (expr)
- char *expr;
-{
- intmax_t val;
- char *p;
-
- for (p = expr; p && *p && cr_whitespace (*p); p++)
- ;
-
- if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
- return (0);
-
- pushexp ();
- expression = savestring (expr);
- tp = expression;
-
- curtok = lasttok = 0;
- tokstr = (char *)NULL;
- tokval = 0;
- init_lvalue (&curlval);
- lastlval = curlval;
-
- readtok ();
-
- val = EXP_HIGHEST ();
-
- if (curtok != 0)
- evalerror (_("syntax error in expression"));
-
- FREE (tokstr);
- FREE (expression);
-
- popexp ();
-
- return val;
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-expcomma ()
-{
- register intmax_t value;
-
- value = expassign ();
- while (curtok == COMMA)
- {
- readtok ();
- value = expassign ();
- }
-
- return value;
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-expassign ()
-{
- register intmax_t value;
- char *lhs, *rhs;
- arrayind_t lind;
-#if defined (HAVE_IMAXDIV)
- imaxdiv_t idiv;
-#endif
-
- value = expcond ();
- if (curtok == EQ || curtok == OP_ASSIGN)
- {
- int special, op;
- intmax_t lvalue;
-
- special = curtok == OP_ASSIGN;
-
- if (lasttok != STR)
- evalerror (_("attempted assignment to non-variable"));
-
- if (special)
- {
- op = assigntok; /* a OP= b */
- lvalue = value;
- }
-
- /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
- lhs = savestring (tokstr);
- /* save ind in case rhs is string var and evaluation overwrites it */
- lind = curlval.ind;
- readtok ();
- value = expassign ();
-
- if (special)
- {
- if ((op == DIV || op == MOD) && value == 0)
- {
- if (noeval == 0)
- evalerror (_("division by 0"));
- else
- value = 1;
- }
-
- switch (op)
- {
- case MUL:
- lvalue *= value;
- break;
- case DIV:
- case MOD:
- if (lvalue == INTMAX_MIN && value == -1)
- lvalue = (op == DIV) ? INTMAX_MIN : 0;
- else
-#if HAVE_IMAXDIV
- {
- idiv = imaxdiv (lvalue, value);
- lvalue = (op == DIV) ? idiv.quot : idiv.rem;
- }
-#else
- lvalue = (op == DIV) ? lvalue / value : lvalue % value;
-#endif
- break;
- case PLUS:
- lvalue += value;
- break;
- case MINUS:
- lvalue -= value;
- break;
- case LSH:
- lvalue <<= value;
- break;
- case RSH:
- lvalue >>= value;
- break;
- case BAND:
- lvalue &= value;
- break;
- case BOR:
- lvalue |= value;
- break;
- case BXOR:
- lvalue ^= value;
- break;
- default:
- free (lhs);
- evalerror (_("bug: bad expassign token"));
- break;
- }
- value = lvalue;
- }
-
- rhs = itos (value);
- if (noeval == 0)
- {
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (lind != -1)
- expr_bind_array_element (lhs, lind, rhs);
- else
-#endif
- expr_bind_variable (lhs, rhs);
- }
- if (curlval.tokstr && curlval.tokstr == tokstr)
- init_lvalue (&curlval);
-
- free (rhs);
- free (lhs);
- FREE (tokstr);
- tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* For freeing on errors. */
- }
-
- return (value);
-}
-
-/* Conditional expression (expr?expr:expr) */
-static intmax_t
-expcond ()
-{
- intmax_t cval, val1, val2, rval;
- int set_noeval;
-
- set_noeval = 0;
- rval = cval = explor ();
- if (curtok == QUES) /* found conditional expr */
- {
- readtok ();
- if (curtok == 0 || curtok == COL)
- evalerror (_("expression expected"));
- if (cval == 0)
- {
- set_noeval = 1;
- noeval++;
- }
-
- val1 = EXP_HIGHEST ();
-
- if (set_noeval)
- noeval--;
- if (curtok != COL)
- evalerror (_("`:' expected for conditional expression"));
- readtok ();
- if (curtok == 0)
- evalerror (_("expression expected"));
- set_noeval = 0;
- if (cval)
- {
- set_noeval = 1;
- noeval++;
- }
-
- val2 = expcond ();
- if (set_noeval)
- noeval--;
- rval = cval ? val1 : val2;
- lasttok = COND;
- }
- return rval;
-}
-
-/* Logical OR. */
-static intmax_t
-explor ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
- int set_noeval;
-
- val1 = expland ();
-
- while (curtok == LOR)
- {
- set_noeval = 0;
- if (val1 != 0)
- {
- noeval++;
- set_noeval = 1;
- }
- readtok ();
- val2 = expland ();
- if (set_noeval)
- noeval--;
- val1 = val1 || val2;
- lasttok = LOR;
- }
-
- return (val1);
-}
-
-/* Logical AND. */
-static intmax_t
-expland ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
- int set_noeval;
-
- val1 = expbor ();
-
- while (curtok == LAND)
- {
- set_noeval = 0;
- if (val1 == 0)
- {
- set_noeval = 1;
- noeval++;
- }
- readtok ();
- val2 = expbor ();
- if (set_noeval)
- noeval--;
- val1 = val1 && val2;
- lasttok = LAND;
- }
-
- return (val1);
-}
-
-/* Bitwise OR. */
-static intmax_t
-expbor ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-
- val1 = expbxor ();
-
- while (curtok == BOR)
- {
- readtok ();
- val2 = expbxor ();
- val1 = val1 | val2;
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
-
- return (val1);
-}
-
-/* Bitwise XOR. */
-static intmax_t
-expbxor ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-
- val1 = expband ();
-
- while (curtok == BXOR)
- {
- readtok ();
- val2 = expband ();
- val1 = val1 ^ val2;
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
-
- return (val1);
-}
-
-/* Bitwise AND. */
-static intmax_t
-expband ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-
- val1 = exp5 ();
-
- while (curtok == BAND)
- {
- readtok ();
- val2 = exp5 ();
- val1 = val1 & val2;
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
-
- return (val1);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-exp5 ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-
- val1 = exp4 ();
-
- while ((curtok == EQEQ) || (curtok == NEQ))
- {
- int op = curtok;
-
- readtok ();
- val2 = exp4 ();
- if (op == EQEQ)
- val1 = (val1 == val2);
- else if (op == NEQ)
- val1 = (val1 != val2);
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- return (val1);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-exp4 ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-
- val1 = expshift ();
- while ((curtok == LEQ) ||
- (curtok == GEQ) ||
- (curtok == LT) ||
- (curtok == GT))
- {
- int op = curtok;
-
- readtok ();
- val2 = expshift ();
-
- if (op == LEQ)
- val1 = val1 <= val2;
- else if (op == GEQ)
- val1 = val1 >= val2;
- else if (op == LT)
- val1 = val1 < val2;
- else /* (op == GT) */
- val1 = val1 > val2;
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- return (val1);
-}
-
-/* Left and right shifts. */
-static intmax_t
-expshift ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-
- val1 = exp3 ();
-
- while ((curtok == LSH) || (curtok == RSH))
- {
- int op = curtok;
-
- readtok ();
- val2 = exp3 ();
-
- if (op == LSH)
- val1 = val1 << val2;
- else
- val1 = val1 >> val2;
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
-
- return (val1);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-exp3 ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-
- val1 = exp2 ();
-
- while ((curtok == PLUS) || (curtok == MINUS))
- {
- int op = curtok;
-
- readtok ();
- val2 = exp2 ();
-
- if (op == PLUS)
- val1 += val2;
- else if (op == MINUS)
- val1 -= val2;
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- return (val1);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-exp2 ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2;
-#if defined (HAVE_IMAXDIV)
- imaxdiv_t idiv;
-#endif
-
- val1 = exppower ();
-
- while ((curtok == MUL) ||
- (curtok == DIV) ||
- (curtok == MOD))
- {
- int op = curtok;
-
- readtok ();
-
- val2 = exppower ();
-
- /* Handle division by 0 and twos-complement arithmetic overflow */
- if (((op == DIV) || (op == MOD)) && (val2 == 0))
- {
- if (noeval == 0)
- evalerror (_("division by 0"));
- else
- val2 = 1;
- }
- else if (op == MOD && val1 == INTMAX_MIN && val2 == -1)
- {
- val1 = 0;
- continue;
- }
- else if (op == DIV && val1 == INTMAX_MIN && val2 == -1)
- val2 = 1;
-
- if (op == MUL)
- val1 *= val2;
- else if (op == DIV || op == MOD)
-#if defined (HAVE_IMAXDIV)
- {
- idiv = imaxdiv (val1, val2);
- val1 = (op == DIV) ? idiv.quot : idiv.rem;
- }
-#else
- val1 = (op == DIV) ? val1 / val2 : val1 % val2;
-#endif
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- return (val1);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-ipow (base, exp)
- intmax_t base, exp;
-{
- intmax_t result;
-
- result = 1;
- while (exp)
- {
- if (exp & 1)
- result *= base;
- exp >>= 1;
- base *= base;
- }
- return result;
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-exppower ()
-{
- register intmax_t val1, val2, c;
-
- val1 = exp1 ();
- while (curtok == POWER)
- {
- readtok ();
- val2 = exppower (); /* exponentiation is right-associative */
-lasttok = NUM;
- if (val2 == 0)
- return (1);
- if (val2 < 0)
- evalerror (_("exponent less than 0"));
- val1 = ipow (val1, val2);
- }
- return (val1);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-exp1 ()
-{
- register intmax_t val;
-
- if (curtok == NOT)
- {
- readtok ();
- val = !exp1 ();
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- else if (curtok == BNOT)
- {
- readtok ();
- val = ~exp1 ();
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- else if (curtok == MINUS)
- {
- readtok ();
- val = - exp1 ();
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- else if (curtok == PLUS)
- {
- readtok ();
- val = exp1 ();
-lasttok = NUM;
- }
- else
- val = exp0 ();
-
- return (val);
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-exp0 ()
-{
- register intmax_t val = 0, v2;
- char *vincdec;
- int stok;
- EXPR_CONTEXT ec;
-
- /* XXX - might need additional logic here to decide whether or not
- pre-increment or pre-decrement is legal at this point. */
- if (curtok == PREINC || curtok == PREDEC)
- {
- stok = lasttok = curtok;
- readtok ();
- if (curtok != STR)
- /* readtok() catches this */
- evalerror (_("identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"));
-
- v2 = tokval + ((stok == PREINC) ? 1 : -1);
- vincdec = itos (v2);
- if (noeval == 0)
- {
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (curlval.ind != -1)
- expr_bind_array_element (curlval.tokstr, curlval.ind, vincdec);
- else
-#endif
- expr_bind_variable (tokstr, vincdec);
- }
- free (vincdec);
- val = v2;
-
- curtok = NUM; /* make sure --x=7 is flagged as an error */
- readtok ();
- }
- else if (curtok == LPAR)
- {
- /* XXX - save curlval here? Or entire expression context? */
- readtok ();
- val = EXP_HIGHEST ();
-
- if (curtok != RPAR) /* ( */
- evalerror (_("missing `)'"));
-
- /* Skip over closing paren. */
- readtok ();
- }
- else if ((curtok == NUM) || (curtok == STR))
- {
- val = tokval;
- if (curtok == STR)
- {
- SAVETOK (&ec);
- tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* keep it from being freed */
- noeval = 1;
- readtok ();
- stok = curtok;
-
- /* post-increment or post-decrement */
- if (stok == POSTINC || stok == POSTDEC)
- {
- /* restore certain portions of EC */
- tokstr = ec.tokstr;
- noeval = ec.noeval;
- curlval = ec.lval;
- lasttok = STR; /* ec.curtok */
-
- v2 = val + ((stok == POSTINC) ? 1 : -1);
- vincdec = itos (v2);
- if (noeval == 0)
- {
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (curlval.ind != -1)
- expr_bind_array_element (curlval.tokstr, curlval.ind, vincdec);
- else
-#endif
- expr_bind_variable (tokstr, vincdec);
- }
- free (vincdec);
- curtok = NUM; /* make sure x++=7 is flagged as an error */
- }
- else
- {
- /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
- if (stok == STR) /* free new tokstr before old one is restored */
- FREE (tokstr);
- RESTORETOK (&ec);
- }
- }
-
- readtok ();
- }
- else
- evalerror (_("syntax error: operand expected"));
-
- return (val);
-}
-
-static void
-init_lvalue (lv)
- struct lvalue *lv;
-{
- lv->tokstr = 0;
- lv->tokvar = 0;
- lv->tokval = lv->ind = -1;
-}
-
-static struct lvalue *
-alloc_lvalue ()
-{
- struct lvalue *lv;
-
- lv = xmalloc (sizeof (struct lvalue));
- init_lvalue (lv);
- return (lv);
-}
-
-static void
-free_lvalue (lv)
- struct lvalue *lv;
-{
- free (lv); /* should be inlined */
-}
-
-static intmax_t
-expr_streval (tok, e, lvalue)
- char *tok;
- int e;
- struct lvalue *lvalue;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- char *value;
- intmax_t tval;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- arrayind_t ind;
-#endif
-
-/*itrace("expr_streval: %s: noeval = %d", tok, noeval);*/
- /* If we are suppressing evaluation, just short-circuit here instead of
- going through the rest of the evaluator. */
- if (noeval)
- return (0);
-
- /* [[[[[ */
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- v = (e == ']') ? array_variable_part (tok, (char **)0, (int *)0) : find_variable (tok);
-#else
- v = find_variable (tok);
-#endif
-
- if ((v == 0 || invisible_p (v)) && unbound_vars_is_error)
- {
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- value = (e == ']') ? array_variable_name (tok, (char **)0, (int *)0) : tok;
-#else
- value = tok;
-#endif
-
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (value);
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (e == ']')
- FREE (value); /* array_variable_name returns new memory */
-#endif
-
- if (interactive_shell)
- {
- expr_unwind ();
- top_level_cleanup ();
- jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- else
- jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
- }
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- ind = -1;
- /* Second argument of 0 to get_array_value means that we don't allow
- references like array[@]. In this case, get_array_value is just
- like get_variable_value in that it does not return newly-allocated
- memory or quote the results. */
- value = (e == ']') ? get_array_value (tok, 0, (int *)NULL, &ind) : get_variable_value (v);
-#else
- value = get_variable_value (v);
-#endif
-
- tval = (value && *value) ? subexpr (value) : 0;
-
- if (lvalue)
- {
- lvalue->tokstr = tok; /* XXX */
- lvalue->tokval = tval;
- lvalue->tokvar = v; /* XXX */
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- lvalue->ind = ind;
-#else
- lvalue->ind = -1;
-#endif
- }
-
- return (tval);
-}
-
-static int
-_is_multiop (c)
- int c;
-{
- switch (c)
- {
- case EQEQ:
- case NEQ:
- case LEQ:
- case GEQ:
- case LAND:
- case LOR:
- case LSH:
- case RSH:
- case OP_ASSIGN:
- case COND:
- case POWER:
- case PREINC:
- case PREDEC:
- case POSTINC:
- case POSTDEC:
- return 1;
- default:
- return 0;
- }
-}
-
-static int
-_is_arithop (c)
- int c;
-{
- switch (c)
- {
- case EQ:
- case GT:
- case LT:
- case PLUS:
- case MINUS:
- case MUL:
- case DIV:
- case MOD:
- case NOT:
- case LPAR:
- case RPAR:
- case BAND:
- case BOR:
- case BXOR:
- case BNOT:
- return 1; /* operator tokens */
- case QUES:
- case COL:
- case COMMA:
- return 1; /* questionable */
- default:
- return 0; /* anything else is invalid */
- }
-}
-
-/* Lexical analyzer/token reader for the expression evaluator. Reads the
- next token and puts its value into curtok, while advancing past it.
- Updates value of tp. May also set tokval (for number) or tokstr (for
- string). */
-static void
-readtok ()
-{
- register char *cp, *xp;
- register unsigned char c, c1;
- register int e;
- struct lvalue lval;
-
- /* Skip leading whitespace. */
- cp = tp;
- c = e = 0;
- while (cp && (c = *cp) && (cr_whitespace (c)))
- cp++;
-
- if (c)
- cp++;
-
- if (c == '\0')
- {
- lasttok = curtok;
- curtok = 0;
- tp = cp;
- return;
- }
- lasttp = tp = cp - 1;
-
- if (legal_variable_starter (c))
- {
- /* variable names not preceded with a dollar sign are shell variables. */
- char *savecp;
- EXPR_CONTEXT ec;
- int peektok;
-
- while (legal_variable_char (c))
- c = *cp++;
-
- c = *--cp;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (c == '[')
- {
- e = skipsubscript (cp, 0, 0);
- if (cp[e] == ']')
- {
- cp += e + 1;
- c = *cp;
- e = ']';
- }
- else
- evalerror (bash_badsub_errmsg);
- }
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
- *cp = '\0';
- /* XXX - watch out for pointer aliasing issues here */
- if (curlval.tokstr && curlval.tokstr == tokstr)
- init_lvalue (&curlval);
-
- FREE (tokstr);
- tokstr = savestring (tp);
- *cp = c;
-
- /* XXX - make peektok part of saved token state? */
- SAVETOK (&ec);
- tokstr = (char *)NULL; /* keep it from being freed */
- tp = savecp = cp;
- noeval = 1;
- curtok = STR;
- readtok ();
- peektok = curtok;
- if (peektok == STR) /* free new tokstr before old one is restored */
- FREE (tokstr);
- RESTORETOK (&ec);
- cp = savecp;
-
- /* The tests for PREINC and PREDEC aren't strictly correct, but they
- preserve old behavior if a construct like --x=9 is given. */
- if (lasttok == PREINC || lasttok == PREDEC || peektok != EQ)
- {
- lastlval = curlval;
- tokval = expr_streval (tokstr, e, &curlval);
- }
- else
- tokval = 0;
-
- lasttok = curtok;
- curtok = STR;
- }
- else if (DIGIT(c))
- {
- while (ISALNUM (c) || c == '#' || c == '@' || c == '_')
- c = *cp++;
-
- c = *--cp;
- *cp = '\0';
-
- tokval = strlong (tp);
- *cp = c;
- lasttok = curtok;
- curtok = NUM;
- }
- else
- {
- c1 = *cp++;
- if ((c == EQ) && (c1 == EQ))
- c = EQEQ;
- else if ((c == NOT) && (c1 == EQ))
- c = NEQ;
- else if ((c == GT) && (c1 == EQ))
- c = GEQ;
- else if ((c == LT) && (c1 == EQ))
- c = LEQ;
- else if ((c == LT) && (c1 == LT))
- {
- if (*cp == '=') /* a <<= b */
- {
- assigntok = LSH;
- c = OP_ASSIGN;
- cp++;
- }
- else
- c = LSH;
- }
- else if ((c == GT) && (c1 == GT))
- {
- if (*cp == '=')
- {
- assigntok = RSH; /* a >>= b */
- c = OP_ASSIGN;
- cp++;
- }
- else
- c = RSH;
- }
- else if ((c == BAND) && (c1 == BAND))
- c = LAND;
- else if ((c == BOR) && (c1 == BOR))
- c = LOR;
- else if ((c == '*') && (c1 == '*'))
- c = POWER;
- else if ((c == '-' || c == '+') && c1 == c && curtok == STR)
- c = (c == '-') ? POSTDEC : POSTINC;
- else if ((c == '-' || c == '+') && c1 == c)
- {
- /* Quickly scan forward to see if this is followed by optional
- whitespace and an identifier. */
- xp = cp;
- while (xp && *xp && cr_whitespace (*xp))
- xp++;
- if (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)*xp))
- c = (c == '-') ? PREDEC : PREINC;
- else
- cp--; /* not preinc or predec, so unget the character */
- }
- else if (c1 == EQ && member (c, "*/%+-&^|"))
- {
- assigntok = c; /* a OP= b */
- c = OP_ASSIGN;
- }
- else if (_is_arithop (c) == 0)
- {
- cp--;
- /* use curtok, since it hasn't been copied to lasttok yet */
- if (curtok == 0 || _is_arithop (curtok) || _is_multiop (curtok))
- evalerror (_("syntax error: operand expected"));
- else
- evalerror (_("syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"));
- }
- else
- cp--; /* `unget' the character */
-
- /* Should check here to make sure that the current character is one
- of the recognized operators and flag an error if not. Could create
- a character map the first time through and check it on subsequent
- calls. */
- lasttok = curtok;
- curtok = c;
- }
- tp = cp;
-}
-
-static void
-evalerror (msg)
- const char *msg;
-{
- char *name, *t;
-
- name = this_command_name;
- for (t = expression; whitespace (*t); t++)
- ;
- internal_error (_("%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")"),
- name ? name : "", name ? ": " : "", t,
- msg, (lasttp && *lasttp) ? lasttp : "");
- longjmp (evalbuf, 1);
-}
-
-/* Convert a string to an intmax_t integer, with an arbitrary base.
- 0nnn -> base 8
- 0[Xx]nn -> base 16
- Anything else: [base#]number (this is implemented to match ksh93)
-
- Base may be >=2 and <=64. If base is <= 36, the numbers are drawn
- from [0-9][a-zA-Z], and lowercase and uppercase letters may be used
- interchangably. If base is > 36 and <= 64, the numbers are drawn
- from [0-9][a-z][A-Z]_@ (a = 10, z = 35, A = 36, Z = 61, @ = 62, _ = 63 --
- you get the picture). */
-
-static intmax_t
-strlong (num)
- char *num;
-{
- register char *s;
- register unsigned char c;
- int base, foundbase;
- intmax_t val;
-
- s = num;
-
- base = 10;
- foundbase = 0;
- if (*s == '0')
- {
- s++;
-
- if (*s == '\0')
- return 0;
-
- /* Base 16? */
- if (*s == 'x' || *s == 'X')
- {
- base = 16;
- s++;
- }
- else
- base = 8;
- foundbase++;
- }
-
- val = 0;
- for (c = *s++; c; c = *s++)
- {
- if (c == '#')
- {
- if (foundbase)
- evalerror (_("invalid number"));
-
- /* Illegal base specifications raise an evaluation error. */
- if (val < 2 || val > 64)
- evalerror (_("invalid arithmetic base"));
-
- base = val;
- val = 0;
- foundbase++;
- }
- else if (ISALNUM(c) || (c == '_') || (c == '@'))
- {
- if (DIGIT(c))
- c = TODIGIT(c);
- else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
- c -= 'a' - 10;
- else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
- c -= 'A' - ((base <= 36) ? 10 : 36);
- else if (c == '@')
- c = 62;
- else if (c == '_')
- c = 63;
-
- if (c >= base)
- evalerror (_("value too great for base"));
-
- val = (val * base) + c;
- }
- else
- break;
- }
-
- return (val);
-}
-
-#if defined (EXPR_TEST)
-void *
-xmalloc (n)
- int n;
-{
- return (malloc (n));
-}
-
-void *
-xrealloc (s, n)
- char *s;
- int n;
-{
- return (realloc (s, n));
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *find_variable () { return 0;}
-SHELL_VAR *bind_variable () { return 0; }
-
-char *get_string_value () { return 0; }
-
-procenv_t top_level;
-
-main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
-{
- register int i;
- intmax_t v;
- int expok;
-
- if (setjmp (top_level))
- exit (0);
-
- for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
- {
- v = evalexp (argv[i], &expok);
- if (expok == 0)
- fprintf (stderr, _("%s: expression error\n"), argv[i]);
- else
- printf ("'%s' -> %ld\n", argv[i], v);
- }
- exit (0);
-}
-
-int
-builtin_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5)
- char *format;
-{
- fprintf (stderr, "expr: ");
- fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
- fprintf (stderr, "\n");
- return 0;
-}
-
-char *
-itos (n)
- intmax_t n;
-{
- return ("42");
-}
-
-#endif /* EXPR_TEST */
+++ /dev/null
-/* strmatch.c -- ksh-like extended pattern matching for the shell and filename
- globbing. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1991-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#include <config.h>
-
-#include <stdio.h> /* for debugging */
-
-#include "strmatch.h"
-#include <chartypes.h>
-
-#include "bashansi.h"
-#include "shmbutil.h"
-#include "xmalloc.h"
-
-/* First, compile `sm_loop.c' for single-byte characters. */
-#define CHAR unsigned char
-#define U_CHAR unsigned char
-#define XCHAR char
-#define INT int
-#define L(CS) CS
-#define INVALID -1
-
-#undef STREQ
-#undef STREQN
-#define STREQ(a, b) ((a)[0] == (b)[0] && strcmp(a, b) == 0)
-#define STREQN(a, b, n) ((a)[0] == (b)[0] && strncmp(a, b, n) == 0)
-
-int glob_asciirange = 0;
-
-/* We use strcoll(3) for range comparisons in bracket expressions,
- even though it can have unwanted side effects in locales
- other than POSIX or US. For instance, in the de locale, [A-Z] matches
- all characters. If GLOB_ASCIIRANGE is non-zero, and we're not forcing
- the use of strcoll (e.g., for explicit collating symbols), we use
- straight ordering as if in the C locale. */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_STRCOLL)
-/* Helper function for collating symbol equivalence. */
-static int
-rangecmp (c1, c2, forcecoll)
- int c1, c2;
- int forcecoll;
-{
- static char s1[2] = { ' ', '\0' };
- static char s2[2] = { ' ', '\0' };
- int ret;
-
- /* Eight bits only. Period. */
- c1 &= 0xFF;
- c2 &= 0xFF;
-
- if (c1 == c2)
- return (0);
-
- if (forcecoll == 0 && glob_asciirange)
- return (c1 - c2);
-
- s1[0] = c1;
- s2[0] = c2;
-
- if ((ret = strcoll (s1, s2)) != 0)
- return ret;
- return (c1 - c2);
-}
-#else /* !HAVE_STRCOLL */
-# define rangecmp(c1, c2, f) ((int)(c1) - (int)(c2))
-#endif /* !HAVE_STRCOLL */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_STRCOLL)
-static int
-collequiv (c1, c2)
- int c1, c2;
-{
- return (rangecmp (c1, c2, 1) == 0);
-}
-#else
-# define collequiv(c1, c2) ((c1) == (c2))
-#endif
-
-#define _COLLSYM _collsym
-#define __COLLSYM __collsym
-#define POSIXCOLL posix_collsyms
-#include "collsyms.h"
-
-static int
-collsym (s, len)
- CHAR *s;
- int len;
-{
- register struct _collsym *csp;
- char *x;
-
- x = (char *)s;
- for (csp = posix_collsyms; csp->name; csp++)
- {
- if (STREQN(csp->name, x, len) && csp->name[len] == '\0')
- return (csp->code);
- }
- if (len == 1)
- return s[0];
- return INVALID;
-}
-
-/* unibyte character classification */
-#if !defined (isascii) && !defined (HAVE_ISASCII)
-# define isascii(c) ((unsigned int)(c) <= 0177)
-#endif
-
-enum char_class
- {
- CC_NO_CLASS = 0,
- CC_ASCII, CC_ALNUM, CC_ALPHA, CC_BLANK, CC_CNTRL, CC_DIGIT, CC_GRAPH,
- CC_LOWER, CC_PRINT, CC_PUNCT, CC_SPACE, CC_UPPER, CC_WORD, CC_XDIGIT
- };
-
-static char const *const cclass_name[] =
- {
- "",
- "ascii", "alnum", "alpha", "blank", "cntrl", "digit", "graph",
- "lower", "print", "punct", "space", "upper", "word", "xdigit"
- };
-
-#define N_CHAR_CLASS (sizeof(cclass_name) / sizeof (cclass_name[0]))
-
-static int
-is_cclass (c, name)
- int c;
- const char *name;
-{
- enum char_class char_class = CC_NO_CLASS;
- int i, result;
-
- for (i = 1; i < N_CHAR_CLASS; i++)
- {
- if (STREQ (name, cclass_name[i]))
- {
- char_class = (enum char_class)i;
- break;
- }
- }
-
- if (char_class == 0)
- return -1;
-
- switch (char_class)
- {
- case CC_ASCII:
- result = isascii (c);
- break;
- case CC_ALNUM:
- result = ISALNUM (c);
- break;
- case CC_ALPHA:
- result = ISALPHA (c);
- break;
- case CC_BLANK:
- result = ISBLANK (c);
- break;
- case CC_CNTRL:
- result = ISCNTRL (c);
- break;
- case CC_DIGIT:
- result = ISDIGIT (c);
- break;
- case CC_GRAPH:
- result = ISGRAPH (c);
- break;
- case CC_LOWER:
- result = ISLOWER (c);
- break;
- case CC_PRINT:
- result = ISPRINT (c);
- break;
- case CC_PUNCT:
- result = ISPUNCT (c);
- break;
- case CC_SPACE:
- result = ISSPACE (c);
- break;
- case CC_UPPER:
- result = ISUPPER (c);
- break;
- case CC_WORD:
- result = (ISALNUM (c) || c == '_');
- break;
- case CC_XDIGIT:
- result = ISXDIGIT (c);
- break;
- default:
- result = -1;
- break;
- }
-
- return result;
-}
-
-/* Now include `sm_loop.c' for single-byte characters. */
-/* The result of FOLD is an `unsigned char' */
-# define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) \
- ? TOLOWER ((unsigned char)c) \
- : ((unsigned char)c))
-
-#define FCT internal_strmatch
-#define GMATCH gmatch
-#define COLLSYM collsym
-#define PARSE_COLLSYM parse_collsym
-#define BRACKMATCH brackmatch
-#define PATSCAN glob_patscan
-#define STRCOMPARE strcompare
-#define EXTMATCH extmatch
-#define STRCHR(S, C) strchr((S), (C))
-#define STRCOLL(S1, S2) strcoll((S1), (S2))
-#define STRLEN(S) strlen(S)
-#define STRCMP(S1, S2) strcmp((S1), (S2))
-#define RANGECMP(C1, C2, F) rangecmp((C1), (C2), (F))
-#define COLLEQUIV(C1, C2) collequiv((C1), (C2))
-#define CTYPE_T enum char_class
-#define IS_CCLASS(C, S) is_cclass((C), (S))
-#include "sm_loop.c"
-
-#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
-
-# define CHAR wchar_t
-# define U_CHAR wint_t
-# define XCHAR wchar_t
-# define INT wint_t
-# define L(CS) L##CS
-# define INVALID WEOF
-
-# undef STREQ
-# undef STREQN
-# define STREQ(s1, s2) ((wcscmp (s1, s2) == 0))
-# define STREQN(a, b, n) ((a)[0] == (b)[0] && wcsncmp(a, b, n) == 0)
-
-extern char *mbsmbchar __P((const char *));
-
-static int
-rangecmp_wc (c1, c2, forcecoll)
- wint_t c1, c2;
- int forcecoll;
-{
- static wchar_t s1[2] = { L' ', L'\0' };
- static wchar_t s2[2] = { L' ', L'\0' };
-
- if (c1 == c2)
- return 0;
-
- if (forcecoll == 0 && glob_asciirange && c1 <= UCHAR_MAX && c2 <= UCHAR_MAX)
- return ((int)(c1 - c2));
-
- s1[0] = c1;
- s2[0] = c2;
-
- return (wcscoll (s1, s2));
-}
-
-static int
-collequiv_wc (c, equiv)
- wint_t c, equiv;
-{
- return (c == equiv);
-}
-
-/* Helper function for collating symbol. */
-# define _COLLSYM _collwcsym
-# define __COLLSYM __collwcsym
-# define POSIXCOLL posix_collwcsyms
-# include "collsyms.h"
-
-static wint_t
-collwcsym (s, len)
- wchar_t *s;
- int len;
-{
- register struct _collwcsym *csp;
-
- for (csp = posix_collwcsyms; csp->name; csp++)
- {
- if (STREQN(csp->name, s, len) && csp->name[len] == L'\0')
- return (csp->code);
- }
- if (len == 1)
- return s[0];
- return INVALID;
-}
-
-static int
-is_wcclass (wc, name)
- wint_t wc;
- wchar_t *name;
-{
- char *mbs;
- mbstate_t state;
- size_t mbslength;
- wctype_t desc;
- int want_word;
-
- if ((wctype ("ascii") == (wctype_t)0) && (wcscmp (name, L"ascii") == 0))
- {
- int c;
-
- if ((c = wctob (wc)) == EOF)
- return 0;
- else
- return (c <= 0x7F);
- }
-
- want_word = (wcscmp (name, L"word") == 0);
- if (want_word)
- name = L"alnum";
-
- memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
- mbs = (char *) malloc (wcslen(name) * MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
- mbslength = wcsrtombs (mbs, (const wchar_t **)&name, (wcslen(name) * MB_CUR_MAX + 1), &state);
-
- if (mbslength == (size_t)-1 || mbslength == (size_t)-2)
- {
- free (mbs);
- return -1;
- }
- desc = wctype (mbs);
- free (mbs);
-
- if (desc == (wctype_t)0)
- return -1;
-
- if (want_word)
- return (iswctype (wc, desc) || wc == L'_');
- else
- return (iswctype (wc, desc));
-}
-
-/* Now include `sm_loop.c' for multibyte characters. */
-#define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) && iswupper (c) ? towlower (c) : (c))
-#define FCT internal_wstrmatch
-#define GMATCH gmatch_wc
-#define COLLSYM collwcsym
-#define PARSE_COLLSYM parse_collwcsym
-#define BRACKMATCH brackmatch_wc
-#define PATSCAN glob_patscan_wc
-#define STRCOMPARE wscompare
-#define EXTMATCH extmatch_wc
-#define STRCHR(S, C) wcschr((S), (C))
-#define STRCOLL(S1, S2) wcscoll((S1), (S2))
-#define STRLEN(S) wcslen(S)
-#define STRCMP(S1, S2) wcscmp((S1), (S2))
-#define RANGECMP(C1, C2, F) rangecmp_wc((C1), (C2), (F))
-#define COLLEQUIV(C1, C2) collequiv_wc((C1), (C2))
-#define CTYPE_T enum char_class
-#define IS_CCLASS(C, S) is_wcclass((C), (S))
-#include "sm_loop.c"
-
-#endif /* HAVE_MULTIBYTE */
-
-int
-xstrmatch (pattern, string, flags)
- char *pattern;
- char *string;
- int flags;
-{
-#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
- int ret;
- size_t n;
- wchar_t *wpattern, *wstring;
- size_t plen, slen, mplen, mslen;
-
- if (mbsmbchar (string) == 0 && mbsmbchar (pattern) == 0)
- return (internal_strmatch ((unsigned char *)pattern, (unsigned char *)string, flags));
-
- if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1)
- return (internal_strmatch ((unsigned char *)pattern, (unsigned char *)string, flags));
-
- n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpattern, NULL, pattern);
- if (n == (size_t)-1 || n == (size_t)-2)
- return (internal_strmatch ((unsigned char *)pattern, (unsigned char *)string, flags));
-
- n = xdupmbstowcs (&wstring, NULL, string);
- if (n == (size_t)-1 || n == (size_t)-2)
- {
- free (wpattern);
- return (internal_strmatch ((unsigned char *)pattern, (unsigned char *)string, flags));
- }
-
- ret = internal_wstrmatch (wpattern, wstring, flags);
-
- free (wpattern);
- free (wstring);
-
- return ret;
-#else
- return (internal_strmatch ((unsigned char *)pattern, (unsigned char *)string, flags));
-#endif /* !HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
-}
+++ /dev/null
-# This makefile for Readline library documentation is in -*- text -*- mode.
-# Emacs likes it that way.
-RM = rm -f
-
-MAKEINFO = makeinfo
-TEXI2DVI = texi2dvi
-TEXI2HTML = texi2html
-QUIETPS = #set this to -q to shut up dvips
-DVIPS = dvips -D 300 $(QUIETPS) -o $@ # tricky
-
-INSTALL_DATA = cp
-infodir = /usr/local/info
-
-RLSRC = rlman.texinfo rluser.texinfo rltech.texinfo
-HISTSRC = hist.texinfo hsuser.texinfo hstech.texinfo
-
-DVIOBJ = readline.dvi history.dvi
-INFOOBJ = readline.info history.info
-PSOBJ = readline.ps history.ps
-HTMLOBJ = readline.html history.html
-
-all: info dvi html ps
-nodvi: info html
-
-readline.dvi: $(RLSRC)
- $(TEXI2DVI) rlman.texinfo
- mv rlman.dvi readline.dvi
-
-readline.info: $(RLSRC)
- $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -o $@ rlman.texinfo
-
-history.dvi: ${HISTSRC}
- $(TEXI2DVI) hist.texinfo
- mv hist.dvi history.dvi
-
-history.info: ${HISTSRC}
- $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -o $@ hist.texinfo
-
-readline.ps: readline.dvi
- $(RM) $@
- $(DVIPS) readline.dvi
-
-history.ps: history.dvi
- $(RM) $@
- $(DVIPS) history.dvi
-
-readline.html: ${RLSRC}
- $(TEXI2HTML) rlman.texinfo
- sed -e 's:rlman.html:readline.html:' -e 's:rlman_toc.html:readline_toc.html:' rlman.html > readline.html
- sed -e 's:rlman.html:readline.html:' -e 's:rlman_toc.html:readline_toc.html:' rlman_toc.html > readline_toc.html
- $(RM) rlman.html rlman_toc.html
-
-history.html: ${HISTSRC}
- $(TEXI2HTML) hist.texinfo
- sed -e 's:hist.html:history.html:' -e 's:hist_toc.html:history_toc.html:' hist.html > history.html
- sed -e 's:hist.html:history.html:' -e 's:hist_toc.html:history_toc.html:' hist_toc.html > history_toc.html
- $(RM) hist.html hist_toc.html
-
-info: $(INFOOBJ)
-dvi: $(DVIOBJ)
-ps: $(PSOBJ)
-html: $(HTMLOBJ)
-
-clean:
- $(RM) *.aux *.cp *.fn *.ky *.log *.pg *.toc *.tp *.vr *.cps *.pgs \
- *.fns *.kys *.tps *.vrs *.o core
-
-distclean: clean
-mostlyclean: clean
-
-maintainer-clean: clean
- $(RM) *.dvi *.info *.info-* *.ps *.html
-
-install: info
- ${INSTALL_DATA} readline.info $(infodir)/readline.info
- ${INSTALL_DATA} history.info $(infodir)/history.info
+++ /dev/null
-/* parse.y - Yacc grammar for bash. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-%{
-#include "config.h"
-
-#include "bashtypes.h"
-#include "bashansi.h"
-
-#include "filecntl.h"
-
-#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HAVE_LOCALE_H)
-# include <locale.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "chartypes.h"
-#include <signal.h>
-
-#include "memalloc.h"
-
-#include "bashintl.h"
-
-#define NEED_STRFTIME_DECL /* used in externs.h */
-
-#include "shell.h"
-#include "typemax.h" /* SIZE_MAX if needed */
-#include "trap.h"
-#include "flags.h"
-#include "parser.h"
-#include "mailcheck.h"
-#include "test.h"
-#include "builtins.h"
-#include "builtins/common.h"
-#include "builtins/builtext.h"
-
-#include "shmbutil.h"
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-# include "bashline.h"
-# include <readline/readline.h>
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
-# include "bashhist.h"
-# include <readline/history.h>
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
-# include "jobs.h"
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
-# include "alias.h"
-#else
-typedef void *alias_t;
-#endif /* ALIAS */
-
-#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
-# ifndef _MINIX
-# include <sys/param.h>
-# endif
-# include <time.h>
-# if defined (TM_IN_SYS_TIME)
-# include <sys/types.h>
-# include <sys/time.h>
-# endif /* TM_IN_SYS_TIME */
-# include "maxpath.h"
-#endif /* PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
-
-#define RE_READ_TOKEN -99
-#define NO_EXPANSION -100
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-# define YYDEBUG 1
-#else
-# define YYDEBUG 0
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte \
- ((shell_input_line_index > 1) \
- ? shell_input_line_property[shell_input_line_index - 1] \
- : 1)
-# define MBTEST(x) ((x) && last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte)
-#else
-# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte 1
-# define MBTEST(x) ((x))
-#endif
-
-#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
-extern int extended_glob;
-#endif
-
-extern int eof_encountered;
-extern int no_line_editing, running_under_emacs;
-extern int current_command_number;
-extern int sourcelevel, parse_and_execute_level;
-extern int posixly_correct;
-extern int last_command_exit_value;
-extern pid_t last_command_subst_pid;
-extern char *shell_name, *current_host_name;
-extern char *dist_version;
-extern int patch_level;
-extern int dump_translatable_strings, dump_po_strings;
-extern sh_builtin_func_t *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin;
-#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
-extern int bash_input_fd_changed;
-#endif
-
-extern int errno;
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* "Forward" declarations */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-static void debug_parser __P((int));
-#endif
-
-static int yy_getc __P((void));
-static int yy_ungetc __P((int));
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-static int yy_readline_get __P((void));
-static int yy_readline_unget __P((int));
-#endif
-
-static int yy_string_get __P((void));
-static int yy_string_unget __P((int));
-static void rewind_input_string __P((void));
-static int yy_stream_get __P((void));
-static int yy_stream_unget __P((int));
-
-static int shell_getc __P((int));
-static void shell_ungetc __P((int));
-static void discard_until __P((int));
-
-#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
-static void push_string __P((char *, int, alias_t *));
-static void pop_string __P((void));
-static void free_string_list __P((void));
-#endif
-
-static char *read_a_line __P((int));
-
-static int reserved_word_acceptable __P((int));
-static int yylex __P((void));
-static int alias_expand_token __P((char *));
-static int time_command_acceptable __P((void));
-static int special_case_tokens __P((char *));
-static int read_token __P((int));
-static char *parse_matched_pair __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
-static char *parse_comsub __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static char *parse_compound_assignment __P((int *));
-#endif
-#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
-static int parse_dparen __P((int));
-static int parse_arith_cmd __P((char **, int));
-#endif
-#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
-static void cond_error __P((void));
-static COND_COM *cond_expr __P((void));
-static COND_COM *cond_or __P((void));
-static COND_COM *cond_and __P((void));
-static COND_COM *cond_term __P((void));
-static int cond_skip_newlines __P((void));
-static COMMAND *parse_cond_command __P((void));
-#endif
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static int token_is_assignment __P((char *, int));
-static int token_is_ident __P((char *, int));
-#endif
-static int read_token_word __P((int));
-static void discard_parser_constructs __P((int));
-
-static char *error_token_from_token __P((int));
-static char *error_token_from_text __P((void));
-static void print_offending_line __P((void));
-static void report_syntax_error __P((char *));
-
-static void handle_eof_input_unit __P((void));
-static void prompt_again __P((void));
-#if 0
-static void reset_readline_prompt __P((void));
-#endif
-static void print_prompt __P((void));
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-static void set_line_mbstate __P((void));
-static char *shell_input_line_property = NULL;
-#else
-# define set_line_mbstate()
-#endif
-
-extern int yyerror __P((const char *));
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-extern int yydebug;
-#endif
-
-/* Default prompt strings */
-char *primary_prompt = PPROMPT;
-char *secondary_prompt = SPROMPT;
-
-/* PROMPT_STRING_POINTER points to one of these, never to an actual string. */
-char *ps1_prompt, *ps2_prompt;
-
-/* Handle on the current prompt string. Indirectly points through
- ps1_ or ps2_prompt. */
-char **prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
-char *current_prompt_string;
-
-/* Non-zero means we expand aliases in commands. */
-int expand_aliases = 0;
-
-/* If non-zero, the decoded prompt string undergoes parameter and
- variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic substitution,
- string expansion, process substitution, and quote removal in
- decode_prompt_string. */
-int promptvars = 1;
-
-/* If non-zero, $'...' and $"..." are expanded when they appear within
- a ${...} expansion, even when the expansion appears within double
- quotes. */
-int extended_quote = 1;
-
-/* The number of lines read from input while creating the current command. */
-int current_command_line_count;
-
-/* The number of lines in a command saved while we run parse_and_execute */
-int saved_command_line_count;
-
-/* The token that currently denotes the end of parse. */
-int shell_eof_token;
-
-/* The token currently being read. */
-int current_token;
-
-/* The current parser state. */
-int parser_state;
-
-/* Variables to manage the task of reading here documents, because we need to
- defer the reading until after a complete command has been collected. */
-static REDIRECT *redir_stack[10];
-int need_here_doc;
-
-/* Where shell input comes from. History expansion is performed on each
- line when the shell is interactive. */
-static char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
-static size_t shell_input_line_index;
-static size_t shell_input_line_size; /* Amount allocated for shell_input_line. */
-static size_t shell_input_line_len; /* strlen (shell_input_line) */
-
-/* Either zero or EOF. */
-static int shell_input_line_terminator;
-
-/* The line number in a script on which a function definition starts. */
-static int function_dstart;
-
-/* The line number in a script on which a function body starts. */
-static int function_bstart;
-
-/* The line number in a script at which an arithmetic for command starts. */
-static int arith_for_lineno;
-
-/* The decoded prompt string. Used if READLINE is not defined or if
- editing is turned off. Analogous to current_readline_prompt. */
-static char *current_decoded_prompt;
-
-/* The last read token, or NULL. read_token () uses this for context
- checking. */
-static int last_read_token;
-
-/* The token read prior to last_read_token. */
-static int token_before_that;
-
-/* The token read prior to token_before_that. */
-static int two_tokens_ago;
-
-static int global_extglob;
-
-/* The line number in a script where the word in a `case WORD', `select WORD'
- or `for WORD' begins. This is a nested command maximum, since the array
- index is decremented after a case, select, or for command is parsed. */
-#define MAX_CASE_NEST 128
-static int word_lineno[MAX_CASE_NEST];
-static int word_top = -1;
-
-/* If non-zero, it is the token that we want read_token to return
- regardless of what text is (or isn't) present to be read. This
- is reset by read_token. If token_to_read == WORD or
- ASSIGNMENT_WORD, yylval.word should be set to word_desc_to_read. */
-static int token_to_read;
-static WORD_DESC *word_desc_to_read;
-
-static REDIRECTEE source;
-static REDIRECTEE redir;
-%}
-
-%union {
- WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */
- int number; /* the number that we read. */
- WORD_LIST *word_list;
- COMMAND *command;
- REDIRECT *redirect;
- ELEMENT element;
- PATTERN_LIST *pattern;
-}
-
-/* Reserved words. Members of the first group are only recognized
- in the case that they are preceded by a list_terminator. Members
- of the second group are for [[...]] commands. Members of the
- third group are recognized only under special circumstances. */
-%token IF THEN ELSE ELIF FI CASE ESAC FOR SELECT WHILE UNTIL DO DONE FUNCTION COPROC
-%token COND_START COND_END COND_ERROR
-%token IN BANG TIME TIMEOPT TIMEIGN
-
-/* More general tokens. yylex () knows how to make these. */
-%token <word> WORD ASSIGNMENT_WORD REDIR_WORD
-%token <number> NUMBER
-%token <word_list> ARITH_CMD ARITH_FOR_EXPRS
-%token <command> COND_CMD
-%token AND_AND OR_OR GREATER_GREATER LESS_LESS LESS_AND LESS_LESS_LESS
-%token GREATER_AND SEMI_SEMI SEMI_AND SEMI_SEMI_AND
-%token LESS_LESS_MINUS AND_GREATER AND_GREATER_GREATER LESS_GREATER
-%token GREATER_BAR BAR_AND
-
-/* The types that the various syntactical units return. */
-
-%type <command> inputunit command pipeline pipeline_command
-%type <command> list list0 list1 compound_list simple_list simple_list1
-%type <command> simple_command shell_command
-%type <command> for_command select_command case_command group_command
-%type <command> arith_command
-%type <command> cond_command
-%type <command> arith_for_command
-%type <command> coproc
-%type <command> function_def function_body if_command elif_clause subshell
-%type <redirect> redirection redirection_list
-%type <element> simple_command_element
-%type <word_list> word_list pattern
-%type <pattern> pattern_list case_clause_sequence case_clause
-%type <number> timespec
-%type <number> list_terminator
-
-%start inputunit
-
-%left '&' ';' '\n' yacc_EOF
-%left AND_AND OR_OR
-%right '|' BAR_AND
-%%
-
-inputunit: simple_list simple_list_terminator
- {
- /* Case of regular command. Discard the error
- safety net,and return the command just parsed. */
- global_command = $1;
- eof_encountered = 0;
- /* discard_parser_constructs (0); */
- if (parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST)
- parser_state |= PST_EOFTOKEN;
- YYACCEPT;
- }
- | '\n'
- {
- /* Case of regular command, but not a very
- interesting one. Return a NULL command. */
- global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
- if (parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST)
- parser_state |= PST_EOFTOKEN;
- YYACCEPT;
- }
- | error '\n'
- {
- /* Error during parsing. Return NULL command. */
- global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
- eof_encountered = 0;
- /* discard_parser_constructs (1); */
- if (interactive && parse_and_execute_level == 0)
- {
- YYACCEPT;
- }
- else
- {
- YYABORT;
- }
- }
- | yacc_EOF
- {
- /* Case of EOF seen by itself. Do ignoreeof or
- not. */
- global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
- handle_eof_input_unit ();
- YYACCEPT;
- }
- ;
-
-word_list: WORD
- { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
- | word_list WORD
- { $$ = make_word_list ($2, $1); }
- ;
-
-redirection: '>' WORD
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_direction, redir, 0);
- }
- | '<' WORD
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_direction, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER '>' WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_direction, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER '<' WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_direction, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD '>' WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_direction, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD '<' WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_direction, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | GREATER_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_appending_to, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER GREATER_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_appending_to, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD GREATER_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_appending_to, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | GREATER_BAR WORD
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_force, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER GREATER_BAR WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_force, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD GREATER_BAR WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_force, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | LESS_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_output, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER LESS_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_output, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD LESS_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_output, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | LESS_LESS WORD
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_until, redir, 0);
- redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
- }
- | NUMBER LESS_LESS WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_until, redir, 0);
- redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
- }
- | REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_until, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
- }
- | LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_deblank_reading_until, redir, 0);
- redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
- }
- | NUMBER LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_deblank_reading_until, redir, 0);
- redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
- }
- | REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_deblank_reading_until, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
- }
- | LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_string, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_string, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_string, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | LESS_AND NUMBER
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.dest = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER LESS_AND NUMBER
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.dest = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD LESS_AND NUMBER
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.dest = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | GREATER_AND NUMBER
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.dest = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER GREATER_AND NUMBER
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.dest = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND NUMBER
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.dest = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | LESS_AND WORD
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input_word, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER LESS_AND WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input_word, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD LESS_AND WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input_word, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | GREATER_AND WORD
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output_word, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER GREATER_AND WORD
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output_word, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND WORD
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.filename = $3;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output_word, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | GREATER_AND '-'
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.dest = 0;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER GREATER_AND '-'
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.dest = 0;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND '-'
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.dest = 0;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | LESS_AND '-'
- {
- source.dest = 0;
- redir.dest = 0;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
- }
- | NUMBER LESS_AND '-'
- {
- source.dest = $1;
- redir.dest = 0;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
- }
- | REDIR_WORD LESS_AND '-'
- {
- source.filename = $1;
- redir.dest = 0;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
- }
- | AND_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_err_and_out, redir, 0);
- }
- | AND_GREATER_GREATER WORD
- {
- source.dest = 1;
- redir.filename = $2;
- $$ = make_redirection (source, r_append_err_and_out, redir, 0);
- }
- ;
-
-simple_command_element: WORD
- { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
- | ASSIGNMENT_WORD
- { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
- | redirection
- { $$.redirect = $1; $$.word = 0; }
- ;
-
-redirection_list: redirection
- {
- $$ = $1;
- }
- | redirection_list redirection
- {
- register REDIRECT *t;
-
- for (t = $1; t->next; t = t->next)
- ;
- t->next = $2;
- $$ = $1;
- }
- ;
-
-simple_command: simple_command_element
- { $$ = make_simple_command ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
- | simple_command simple_command_element
- { $$ = make_simple_command ($2, $1); }
- ;
-
-command: simple_command
- { $$ = clean_simple_command ($1); }
- | shell_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | shell_command redirection_list
- {
- COMMAND *tc;
-
- tc = $1;
- if (tc->redirects)
- {
- register REDIRECT *t;
- for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
- ;
- t->next = $2;
- }
- else
- tc->redirects = $2;
- $$ = $1;
- }
- | function_def
- { $$ = $1; }
- | coproc
- { $$ = $1; }
- ;
-
-shell_command: for_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | case_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | WHILE compound_list DO compound_list DONE
- { $$ = make_while_command ($2, $4); }
- | UNTIL compound_list DO compound_list DONE
- { $$ = make_until_command ($2, $4); }
- | select_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | if_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | subshell
- { $$ = $1; }
- | group_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | arith_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | cond_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | arith_for_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- ;
-
-for_command: FOR WORD newline_list DO compound_list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR WORD newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR WORD ';' newline_list DO compound_list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR WORD ';' newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- ;
-
-arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS DO compound_list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS '{' compound_list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- ;
-
-select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list DO list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | SELECT WORD newline_list '{' list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list DO list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list '{' list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO list DONE
- {
- $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' list '}'
- {
- $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- ;
-
-case_command: CASE WORD newline_list IN newline_list ESAC
- {
- $$ = make_case_command ($2, (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause_sequence newline_list ESAC
- {
- $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause ESAC
- {
- $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
- if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
- }
- ;
-
-function_def: WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
- { $$ = make_function_def ($1, $5, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
-
- | FUNCTION WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
- { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $6, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
-
- | FUNCTION WORD newline_list function_body
- { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $4, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
- ;
-
-function_body: shell_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- | shell_command redirection_list
- {
- COMMAND *tc;
-
- tc = $1;
- /* According to Posix.2 3.9.5, redirections
- specified after the body of a function should
- be attached to the function and performed when
- the function is executed, not as part of the
- function definition command. */
- /* XXX - I don't think it matters, but we might
- want to change this in the future to avoid
- problems differentiating between a function
- definition with a redirection and a function
- definition containing a single command with a
- redirection. The two are semantically equivalent,
- though -- the only difference is in how the
- command printing code displays the redirections. */
- if (tc->redirects)
- {
- register REDIRECT *t;
- for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
- ;
- t->next = $2;
- }
- else
- tc->redirects = $2;
- $$ = $1;
- }
- ;
-
-subshell: '(' compound_list ')'
- {
- $$ = make_subshell_command ($2);
- $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL;
- }
- ;
-
-coproc: COPROC shell_command
- {
- $$ = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", $2);
- $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
- }
- | COPROC shell_command redirection_list
- {
- COMMAND *tc;
-
- tc = $2;
- if (tc->redirects)
- {
- register REDIRECT *t;
- for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
- ;
- t->next = $3;
- }
- else
- tc->redirects = $3;
- $$ = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", $2);
- $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
- }
- | COPROC WORD shell_command
- {
- $$ = make_coproc_command ($2->word, $3);
- $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
- }
- | COPROC WORD shell_command redirection_list
- {
- COMMAND *tc;
-
- tc = $3;
- if (tc->redirects)
- {
- register REDIRECT *t;
- for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
- ;
- t->next = $4;
- }
- else
- tc->redirects = $4;
- $$ = make_coproc_command ($2->word, $3);
- $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
- }
- | COPROC simple_command
- {
- $$ = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", clean_simple_command ($2));
- $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
- }
- ;
-
-if_command: IF compound_list THEN compound_list FI
- { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
- | IF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list FI
- { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
- | IF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause FI
- { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
- ;
-
-
-group_command: '{' compound_list '}'
- { $$ = make_group_command ($2); }
- ;
-
-arith_command: ARITH_CMD
- { $$ = make_arith_command ($1); }
- ;
-
-cond_command: COND_START COND_CMD COND_END
- { $$ = $2; }
- ;
-
-elif_clause: ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list
- { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
- | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list
- { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
- | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause
- { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
- ;
-
-case_clause: pattern_list
- | case_clause_sequence pattern_list
- { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
- ;
-
-pattern_list: newline_list pattern ')' compound_list
- { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, $4); }
- | newline_list pattern ')' newline_list
- { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
- | newline_list '(' pattern ')' compound_list
- { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, $5); }
- | newline_list '(' pattern ')' newline_list
- { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
- ;
-
-case_clause_sequence: pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
- { $$ = $1; }
- | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
- { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
- | pattern_list SEMI_AND
- { $1->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; $$ = $1; }
- | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_AND
- { $2->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
- | pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND
- { $1->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; $$ = $1; }
- | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND
- { $2->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
- ;
-
-pattern: WORD
- { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
- | pattern '|' WORD
- { $$ = make_word_list ($3, $1); }
- ;
-
-/* A list allows leading or trailing newlines and
- newlines as operators (equivalent to semicolons).
- It must end with a newline or semicolon.
- Lists are used within commands such as if, for, while. */
-
-list: newline_list list0
- {
- $$ = $2;
- if (need_here_doc)
- gather_here_documents ();
- }
- ;
-
-compound_list: list
- | newline_list list1
- {
- $$ = $2;
- }
- ;
-
-list0: list1 '\n' newline_list
- | list1 '&' newline_list
- {
- if ($1->type == cm_connection)
- $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
- else
- $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
- }
- | list1 ';' newline_list
-
- ;
-
-list1: list1 AND_AND newline_list list1
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
- | list1 OR_OR newline_list list1
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
- | list1 '&' newline_list list1
- {
- if ($1->type == cm_connection)
- $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $4, '&');
- else
- $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '&');
- }
- | list1 ';' newline_list list1
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
- | list1 '\n' newline_list list1
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
- | pipeline_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- ;
-
-simple_list_terminator: '\n'
- | yacc_EOF
- ;
-
-list_terminator:'\n'
- { $$ = '\n'; }
- | ';'
- { $$ = ';'; }
- | yacc_EOF
- { $$ = yacc_EOF; }
- ;
-
-newline_list:
- | newline_list '\n'
- ;
-
-/* A simple_list is a list that contains no significant newlines
- and no leading or trailing newlines. Newlines are allowed
- only following operators, where they are not significant.
-
- This is what an inputunit consists of. */
-
-simple_list: simple_list1
- {
- $$ = $1;
- if (need_here_doc)
- gather_here_documents ();
- if ((parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
- {
- global_command = $1;
- eof_encountered = 0;
- rewind_input_string ();
- YYACCEPT;
- }
- }
- | simple_list1 '&'
- {
- if ($1->type == cm_connection)
- $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
- else
- $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
- if (need_here_doc)
- gather_here_documents ();
- if ((parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
- {
- global_command = $1;
- eof_encountered = 0;
- rewind_input_string ();
- YYACCEPT;
- }
- }
- | simple_list1 ';'
- {
- $$ = $1;
- if (need_here_doc)
- gather_here_documents ();
- if ((parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
- {
- global_command = $1;
- eof_encountered = 0;
- rewind_input_string ();
- YYACCEPT;
- }
- }
- ;
-
-simple_list1: simple_list1 AND_AND newline_list simple_list1
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
- | simple_list1 OR_OR newline_list simple_list1
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
- | simple_list1 '&' simple_list1
- {
- if ($1->type == cm_connection)
- $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $3, '&');
- else
- $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, '&');
- }
- | simple_list1 ';' simple_list1
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, ';'); }
-
- | pipeline_command
- { $$ = $1; }
- ;
-
-pipeline_command: pipeline
- { $$ = $1; }
- | BANG pipeline_command
- {
- if ($2)
- $2->flags ^= CMD_INVERT_RETURN; /* toggle */
- $$ = $2;
- }
- | timespec pipeline_command
- {
- if ($2)
- $2->flags |= $1;
- $$ = $2;
- }
- | timespec list_terminator
- {
- ELEMENT x;
-
- /* Boy, this is unclean. `time' by itself can
- time a null command. We cheat and push a
- newline back if the list_terminator was a newline
- to avoid the double-newline problem (one to
- terminate this, one to terminate the command) */
- x.word = 0;
- x.redirect = 0;
- $$ = make_simple_command (x, (COMMAND *)NULL);
- $$->flags |= $1;
- /* XXX - let's cheat and push a newline back */
- if ($2 == '\n')
- token_to_read = '\n';
- }
- | BANG list_terminator
- {
- ELEMENT x;
-
- /* This is just as unclean. Posix says that `!'
- by itself should be equivalent to `false'.
- We cheat and push a
- newline back if the list_terminator was a newline
- to avoid the double-newline problem (one to
- terminate this, one to terminate the command) */
- x.word = 0;
- x.redirect = 0;
- $$ = make_simple_command (x, (COMMAND *)NULL);
- $$->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
- /* XXX - let's cheat and push a newline back */
- if ($2 == '\n')
- token_to_read = '\n';
- }
- ;
-
-pipeline: pipeline '|' newline_list pipeline
- { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|'); }
- | pipeline BAR_AND newline_list pipeline
- {
- /* Make cmd1 |& cmd2 equivalent to cmd1 2>&1 | cmd2 */
- COMMAND *tc;
- REDIRECTEE rd, sd;
- REDIRECT *r;
-
- tc = $1->type == cm_simple ? (COMMAND *)$1->value.Simple : $1;
- sd.dest = 2;
- rd.dest = 1;
- r = make_redirection (sd, r_duplicating_output, rd, 0);
- if (tc->redirects)
- {
- register REDIRECT *t;
- for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
- ;
- t->next = r;
- }
- else
- tc->redirects = r;
-
- $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|');
- }
- | command
- { $$ = $1; }
- ;
-
-timespec: TIME
- { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE; }
- | TIME TIMEOPT
- { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; }
- | TIME TIMEOPT TIMEIGN
- { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; }
- ;
-%%
-
-/* Initial size to allocate for tokens, and the
- amount to grow them by. */
-#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE 496
-#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE 512
-
-/* Should we call prompt_again? */
-#define SHOULD_PROMPT() \
- (interactive && (bash_input.type == st_stdin || bash_input.type == st_stream))
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
-# define expanding_alias() (pushed_string_list && pushed_string_list->expander)
-#else
-# define expanding_alias() 0
-#endif
-
-/* Global var is non-zero when end of file has been reached. */
-int EOF_Reached = 0;
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-static void
-debug_parser (i)
- int i;
-{
-#if YYDEBUG != 0
- yydebug = i;
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-
-/* yy_getc () returns the next available character from input or EOF.
- yy_ungetc (c) makes `c' the next character to read.
- init_yy_io (get, unget, type, location) makes the function GET the
- installed function for getting the next character, makes UNGET the
- installed function for un-getting a character, sets the type of stream
- (either string or file) from TYPE, and makes LOCATION point to where
- the input is coming from. */
-
-/* Unconditionally returns end-of-file. */
-int
-return_EOF ()
-{
- return (EOF);
-}
-
-/* Variable containing the current get and unget functions.
- See ./input.h for a clearer description. */
-BASH_INPUT bash_input;
-
-/* Set all of the fields in BASH_INPUT to NULL. Free bash_input.name if it
- is non-null, avoiding a memory leak. */
-void
-initialize_bash_input ()
-{
- bash_input.type = st_none;
- FREE (bash_input.name);
- bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
- bash_input.location.file = (FILE *)NULL;
- bash_input.location.string = (char *)NULL;
- bash_input.getter = (sh_cget_func_t *)NULL;
- bash_input.ungetter = (sh_cunget_func_t *)NULL;
-}
-
-/* Set the contents of the current bash input stream from
- GET, UNGET, TYPE, NAME, and LOCATION. */
-void
-init_yy_io (get, unget, type, name, location)
- sh_cget_func_t *get;
- sh_cunget_func_t *unget;
- enum stream_type type;
- const char *name;
- INPUT_STREAM location;
-{
- bash_input.type = type;
- FREE (bash_input.name);
- bash_input.name = name ? savestring (name) : (char *)NULL;
-
- /* XXX */
-#if defined (CRAY)
- memcpy((char *)&bash_input.location.string, (char *)&location.string, sizeof(location));
-#else
- bash_input.location = location;
-#endif
- bash_input.getter = get;
- bash_input.ungetter = unget;
-}
-
-char *
-yy_input_name ()
-{
- return (bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin");
-}
-
-/* Call this to get the next character of input. */
-static int
-yy_getc ()
-{
- return (*(bash_input.getter)) ();
-}
-
-/* Call this to unget C. That is, to make C the next character
- to be read. */
-static int
-yy_ungetc (c)
- int c;
-{
- return (*(bash_input.ungetter)) (c);
-}
-
-#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
-#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
-int
-input_file_descriptor ()
-{
- switch (bash_input.type)
- {
- case st_stream:
- return (fileno (bash_input.location.file));
- case st_bstream:
- return (bash_input.location.buffered_fd);
- case st_stdin:
- default:
- return (fileno (stdin));
- }
-}
-#endif
-#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Let input be read from readline (). */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-char *current_readline_prompt = (char *)NULL;
-char *current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
-int current_readline_line_index = 0;
-
-static int
-yy_readline_get ()
-{
- SigHandler *old_sigint;
- int line_len;
- unsigned char c;
-
- if (!current_readline_line)
- {
- if (!bash_readline_initialized)
- initialize_readline ();
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- if (job_control)
- give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp, 0);
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
- old_sigint = (SigHandler *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER;
- if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0)
- {
- /* interrupt_immediately++; */
- old_sigint = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler);
- }
-
- current_readline_line = readline (current_readline_prompt ?
- current_readline_prompt : "");
-
- CHECK_TERMSIG;
- if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0)
- {
- /* interrupt_immediately--; */
- if (old_sigint != IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)
- set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint);
- }
-
-#if 0
- /* Reset the prompt to the decoded value of prompt_string_pointer. */
- reset_readline_prompt ();
-#endif
-
- if (current_readline_line == 0)
- return (EOF);
-
- current_readline_line_index = 0;
- line_len = strlen (current_readline_line);
-
- current_readline_line = (char *)xrealloc (current_readline_line, 2 + line_len);
- current_readline_line[line_len++] = '\n';
- current_readline_line[line_len] = '\0';
- }
-
- if (current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index] == 0)
- {
- free (current_readline_line);
- current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
- return (yy_readline_get ());
- }
- else
- {
- c = current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index++];
- return (c);
- }
-}
-
-static int
-yy_readline_unget (c)
- int c;
-{
- if (current_readline_line_index && current_readline_line)
- current_readline_line[--current_readline_line_index] = c;
- return (c);
-}
-
-void
-with_input_from_stdin ()
-{
- INPUT_STREAM location;
-
- if (bash_input.type != st_stdin && stream_on_stack (st_stdin) == 0)
- {
- location.string = current_readline_line;
- init_yy_io (yy_readline_get, yy_readline_unget,
- st_stdin, "readline stdin", location);
- }
-}
-
-#else /* !READLINE */
-
-void
-with_input_from_stdin ()
-{
- with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin");
-}
-#endif /* !READLINE */
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Let input come from STRING. STRING is zero terminated. */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-static int
-yy_string_get ()
-{
- register char *string;
- register unsigned char c;
-
- string = bash_input.location.string;
-
- /* If the string doesn't exist, or is empty, EOF found. */
- if (string && *string)
- {
- c = *string++;
- bash_input.location.string = string;
- return (c);
- }
- else
- return (EOF);
-}
-
-static int
-yy_string_unget (c)
- int c;
-{
- *(--bash_input.location.string) = c;
- return (c);
-}
-
-void
-with_input_from_string (string, name)
- char *string;
- const char *name;
-{
- INPUT_STREAM location;
-
- location.string = string;
- init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location);
-}
-
-/* Count the number of characters we've consumed from bash_input.location.string
- and read into shell_input_line, but have not returned from shell_getc.
- That is the true input location. Rewind bash_input.location.string by
- that number of characters, so it points to the last character actually
- consumed by the parser. */
-static void
-rewind_input_string ()
-{
- int xchars;
-
- /* number of unconsumed characters in the input -- XXX need to take newlines
- into account, e.g., $(...\n) */
- xchars = shell_input_line_len - shell_input_line_index;
- if (bash_input.location.string[-1] == '\n')
- xchars++;
-
- /* XXX - how to reflect bash_input.location.string back to string passed to
- parse_and_execute or xparse_dolparen? xparse_dolparen needs to know how
- far into the string we parsed. parse_and_execute knows where bash_input.
- location.string is, and how far from orig_string that is -- that's the
- number of characters the command consumed. */
-
- /* bash_input.location.string - xchars should be where we parsed to */
- /* need to do more validation on xchars value for sanity -- test cases. */
- bash_input.location.string -= xchars;
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Let input come from STREAM. */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* These two functions used to test the value of the HAVE_RESTARTABLE_SYSCALLS
- define, and just use getc/ungetc if it was defined, but since bash
- installs its signal handlers without the SA_RESTART flag, some signals
- (like SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, etc.) received during a read(2) will not cause
- the read to be restarted. We need to restart it ourselves. */
-
-static int
-yy_stream_get ()
-{
- int result;
-
- result = EOF;
- if (bash_input.location.file)
- {
-#if 0
- if (interactive)
- interrupt_immediately++;
-#endif
-
- /* XXX - don't need terminate_immediately; getc_with_restart checks
- for terminating signals itself if read returns < 0 */
- result = getc_with_restart (bash_input.location.file);
-
-#if 0
- if (interactive)
- interrupt_immediately--;
-#endif
- }
- return (result);
-}
-
-static int
-yy_stream_unget (c)
- int c;
-{
- return (ungetc_with_restart (c, bash_input.location.file));
-}
-
-void
-with_input_from_stream (stream, name)
- FILE *stream;
- const char *name;
-{
- INPUT_STREAM location;
-
- location.file = stream;
- init_yy_io (yy_stream_get, yy_stream_unget, st_stream, name, location);
-}
-
-typedef struct stream_saver {
- struct stream_saver *next;
- BASH_INPUT bash_input;
- int line;
-#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
- BUFFERED_STREAM *bstream;
-#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
-} STREAM_SAVER;
-
-/* The globally known line number. */
-int line_number = 0;
-
-/* The line number offset set by assigning to LINENO. Not currently used. */
-int line_number_base = 0;
-
-#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
-static int cond_lineno;
-static int cond_token;
-#endif
-
-STREAM_SAVER *stream_list = (STREAM_SAVER *)NULL;
-
-void
-push_stream (reset_lineno)
- int reset_lineno;
-{
- STREAM_SAVER *saver = (STREAM_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STREAM_SAVER));
-
- xbcopy ((char *)&bash_input, (char *)&(saver->bash_input), sizeof (BASH_INPUT));
-
-#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
- saver->bstream = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL;
- /* If we have a buffered stream, clear out buffers[fd]. */
- if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
- saver->bstream = set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd,
- (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL);
-#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
-
- saver->line = line_number;
- bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
- saver->next = stream_list;
- stream_list = saver;
- EOF_Reached = 0;
- if (reset_lineno)
- line_number = 0;
-}
-
-void
-pop_stream ()
-{
- if (!stream_list)
- EOF_Reached = 1;
- else
- {
- STREAM_SAVER *saver = stream_list;
-
- EOF_Reached = 0;
- stream_list = stream_list->next;
-
- init_yy_io (saver->bash_input.getter,
- saver->bash_input.ungetter,
- saver->bash_input.type,
- saver->bash_input.name,
- saver->bash_input.location);
-
-#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
- /* If we have a buffered stream, restore buffers[fd]. */
- /* If the input file descriptor was changed while this was on the
- save stack, update the buffered fd to the new file descriptor and
- re-establish the buffer <-> bash_input fd correspondence. */
- if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
- {
- if (bash_input_fd_changed)
- {
- bash_input_fd_changed = 0;
- if (default_buffered_input >= 0)
- {
- bash_input.location.buffered_fd = default_buffered_input;
- saver->bstream->b_fd = default_buffered_input;
- SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (default_buffered_input);
- }
- }
- /* XXX could free buffered stream returned as result here. */
- set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd, saver->bstream);
- }
-#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
-
- line_number = saver->line;
-
- FREE (saver->bash_input.name);
- free (saver);
- }
-}
-
-/* Return 1 if a stream of type TYPE is saved on the stack. */
-int
-stream_on_stack (type)
- enum stream_type type;
-{
- register STREAM_SAVER *s;
-
- for (s = stream_list; s; s = s->next)
- if (s->bash_input.type == type)
- return 1;
- return 0;
-}
-
-/* Save the current token state and return it in a malloced array. */
-int *
-save_token_state ()
-{
- int *ret;
-
- ret = (int *)xmalloc (4 * sizeof (int));
- ret[0] = last_read_token;
- ret[1] = token_before_that;
- ret[2] = two_tokens_ago;
- ret[3] = current_token;
- return ret;
-}
-
-void
-restore_token_state (ts)
- int *ts;
-{
- if (ts == 0)
- return;
- last_read_token = ts[0];
- token_before_that = ts[1];
- two_tokens_ago = ts[2];
- current_token = ts[3];
-}
-
-/*
- * This is used to inhibit alias expansion and reserved word recognition
- * inside case statement pattern lists. A `case statement pattern list' is:
- *
- * everything between the `in' in a `case word in' and the next ')'
- * or `esac'
- * everything between a `;;' and the next `)' or `esac'
- */
-
-#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
-
-#define END_OF_ALIAS 0
-
-/*
- * Pseudo-global variables used in implementing token-wise alias expansion.
- */
-
-/*
- * Pushing and popping strings. This works together with shell_getc to
- * implement alias expansion on a per-token basis.
- */
-
-typedef struct string_saver {
- struct string_saver *next;
- int expand_alias; /* Value to set expand_alias to when string is popped. */
- char *saved_line;
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- alias_t *expander; /* alias that caused this line to be pushed. */
-#endif
- size_t saved_line_size, saved_line_index;
- int saved_line_terminator;
-} STRING_SAVER;
-
-STRING_SAVER *pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
-
-/*
- * Push the current shell_input_line onto a stack of such lines and make S
- * the current input. Used when expanding aliases. EXPAND is used to set
- * the value of expand_next_token when the string is popped, so that the
- * word after the alias in the original line is handled correctly when the
- * alias expands to multiple words. TOKEN is the token that was expanded
- * into S; it is saved and used to prevent infinite recursive expansion.
- */
-static void
-push_string (s, expand, ap)
- char *s;
- int expand;
- alias_t *ap;
-{
- STRING_SAVER *temp = (STRING_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STRING_SAVER));
-
- temp->expand_alias = expand;
- temp->saved_line = shell_input_line;
- temp->saved_line_size = shell_input_line_size;
- temp->saved_line_index = shell_input_line_index;
- temp->saved_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- temp->expander = ap;
-#endif
- temp->next = pushed_string_list;
- pushed_string_list = temp;
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- if (ap)
- ap->flags |= AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
-#endif
-
- shell_input_line = s;
- shell_input_line_size = strlen (s);
- shell_input_line_index = 0;
- shell_input_line_terminator = '\0';
-#if 0
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT; /* XXX */
-#endif
-
- set_line_mbstate ();
-}
-
-/*
- * Make the top of the pushed_string stack be the current shell input.
- * Only called when there is something on the stack. Called from shell_getc
- * when it thinks it has consumed the string generated by an alias expansion
- * and needs to return to the original input line.
- */
-static void
-pop_string ()
-{
- STRING_SAVER *t;
-
- FREE (shell_input_line);
- shell_input_line = pushed_string_list->saved_line;
- shell_input_line_index = pushed_string_list->saved_line_index;
- shell_input_line_size = pushed_string_list->saved_line_size;
- shell_input_line_terminator = pushed_string_list->saved_line_terminator;
-
- if (pushed_string_list->expand_alias)
- parser_state |= PST_ALEXPNEXT;
- else
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
-
- t = pushed_string_list;
- pushed_string_list = pushed_string_list->next;
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- if (t->expander)
- t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
-#endif
-
- free ((char *)t);
-
- set_line_mbstate ();
-}
-
-static void
-free_string_list ()
-{
- register STRING_SAVER *t, *t1;
-
- for (t = pushed_string_list; t; )
- {
- t1 = t->next;
- FREE (t->saved_line);
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- if (t->expander)
- t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
-#endif
- free ((char *)t);
- t = t1;
- }
- pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
-}
-
-#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
-
-void
-free_pushed_string_input ()
-{
-#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
- free_string_list ();
-#endif
-}
-
-/* Return a line of text, taken from wherever yylex () reads input.
- If there is no more input, then we return NULL. If REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE
- is non-zero, we remove unquoted \<newline> pairs. This is used by
- read_secondary_line to read here documents. */
-static char *
-read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline)
- int remove_quoted_newline;
-{
- static char *line_buffer = (char *)NULL;
- static int buffer_size = 0;
- int indx, c, peekc, pass_next;
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
-#else
- if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
-#endif
- print_prompt ();
-
- pass_next = indx = 0;
- while (1)
- {
- /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
- QUIT;
-
- c = yy_getc ();
-
- /* Ignore null bytes in input. */
- if (c == 0)
- {
-#if 0
- internal_warning ("read_a_line: ignored null byte in input");
-#endif
- continue;
- }
-
- /* If there is no more input, then we return NULL. */
- if (c == EOF)
- {
- if (interactive && bash_input.type == st_stream)
- clearerr (stdin);
- if (indx == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
- c = '\n';
- }
-
- /* `+2' in case the final character in the buffer is a newline. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (line_buffer, indx, 2, buffer_size, 128);
-
- /* IF REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINES is non-zero, we are reading a
- here document with an unquoted delimiter. In this case,
- the line will be expanded as if it were in double quotes.
- We allow a backslash to escape the next character, but we
- need to treat the backslash specially only if a backslash
- quoting a backslash-newline pair appears in the line. */
- if (pass_next)
- {
- line_buffer[indx++] = c;
- pass_next = 0;
- }
- else if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline)
- {
- QUIT;
- peekc = yy_getc ();
- if (peekc == '\n')
- {
- line_number++;
- continue; /* Make the unquoted \<newline> pair disappear. */
- }
- else
- {
- yy_ungetc (peekc);
- pass_next = 1;
- line_buffer[indx++] = c; /* Preserve the backslash. */
- }
- }
- else
- line_buffer[indx++] = c;
-
- if (c == '\n')
- {
- line_buffer[indx] = '\0';
- return (line_buffer);
- }
- }
-}
-
-/* Return a line as in read_a_line (), but insure that the prompt is
- the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here
- document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove
- newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is
- non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */
-char *
-read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline)
- int remove_quoted_newline;
-{
- char *ret;
- int n, c;
-
- prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
- if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
- prompt_again ();
- ret = read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline);
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- if (ret && remember_on_history && (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC))
- {
- /* To make adding the the here-document body right, we need to rely
- on history_delimiting_chars() returning \n for the first line of
- the here-document body and the null string for the second and
- subsequent lines, so we avoid double newlines.
- current_command_line_count == 2 for the first line of the body. */
-
- current_command_line_count++;
- maybe_add_history (ret);
- }
-#endif /* HISTORY */
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* YYLEX () */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Reserved words. These are only recognized as the first word of a
- command. */
-STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[] = {
- { "if", IF },
- { "then", THEN },
- { "else", ELSE },
- { "elif", ELIF },
- { "fi", FI },
- { "case", CASE },
- { "esac", ESAC },
- { "for", FOR },
-#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
- { "select", SELECT },
-#endif
- { "while", WHILE },
- { "until", UNTIL },
- { "do", DO },
- { "done", DONE },
- { "in", IN },
- { "function", FUNCTION },
-#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
- { "time", TIME },
-#endif
- { "{", '{' },
- { "}", '}' },
- { "!", BANG },
-#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
- { "[[", COND_START },
- { "]]", COND_END },
-#endif
-#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- { "coproc", COPROC },
-#endif
- { (char *)NULL, 0}
-};
-
-/* other tokens that can be returned by read_token() */
-STRING_INT_ALIST other_token_alist[] = {
- /* Multiple-character tokens with special values */
- { "--", TIMEIGN },
- { "-p", TIMEOPT },
- { "&&", AND_AND },
- { "||", OR_OR },
- { ">>", GREATER_GREATER },
- { "<<", LESS_LESS },
- { "<&", LESS_AND },
- { ">&", GREATER_AND },
- { ";;", SEMI_SEMI },
- { ";&", SEMI_AND },
- { ";;&", SEMI_SEMI_AND },
- { "<<-", LESS_LESS_MINUS },
- { "<<<", LESS_LESS_LESS },
- { "&>", AND_GREATER },
- { "&>>", AND_GREATER_GREATER },
- { "<>", LESS_GREATER },
- { ">|", GREATER_BAR },
- { "|&", BAR_AND },
- { "EOF", yacc_EOF },
- /* Tokens whose value is the character itself */
- { ">", '>' },
- { "<", '<' },
- { "-", '-' },
- { "{", '{' },
- { "}", '}' },
- { ";", ';' },
- { "(", '(' },
- { ")", ')' },
- { "|", '|' },
- { "&", '&' },
- { "newline", '\n' },
- { (char *)NULL, 0}
-};
-
-/* others not listed here:
- WORD look at yylval.word
- ASSIGNMENT_WORD look at yylval.word
- NUMBER look at yylval.number
- ARITH_CMD look at yylval.word_list
- ARITH_FOR_EXPRS look at yylval.word_list
- COND_CMD look at yylval.command
-*/
-
-/* These are used by read_token_word, but appear up here so that shell_getc
- can use them to decide when to add otherwise blank lines to the history. */
-
-/* The primary delimiter stack. */
-struct dstack dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
-
-/* A temporary delimiter stack to be used when decoding prompt strings.
- This is needed because command substitutions in prompt strings (e.g., PS2)
- can screw up the parser's quoting state. */
-static struct dstack temp_dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
-
-/* Macro for accessing the top delimiter on the stack. Returns the
- delimiter or zero if none. */
-#define current_delimiter(ds) \
- (ds.delimiter_depth ? ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth - 1] : 0)
-
-#define push_delimiter(ds, character) \
- do \
- { \
- if (ds.delimiter_depth + 2 > ds.delimiter_space) \
- ds.delimiters = (char *)xrealloc \
- (ds.delimiters, (ds.delimiter_space += 10) * sizeof (char)); \
- ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth] = character; \
- ds.delimiter_depth++; \
- } \
- while (0)
-
-#define pop_delimiter(ds) ds.delimiter_depth--
-
-/* Return the next shell input character. This always reads characters
- from shell_input_line; when that line is exhausted, it is time to
- read the next line. This is called by read_token when the shell is
- processing normal command input. */
-
-/* This implements one-character lookahead/lookbehind across physical input
- lines, to avoid something being lost because it's pushed back with
- shell_ungetc when we're at the start of a line. */
-static int eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
-
-static int
-shell_getc (remove_quoted_newline)
- int remove_quoted_newline;
-{
- register int i;
- int c, truncating;
- unsigned char uc;
-
- QUIT;
-
- if (sigwinch_received)
- {
- sigwinch_received = 0;
- get_new_window_size (0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
- }
-
- if (eol_ungetc_lookahead)
- {
- c = eol_ungetc_lookahead;
- eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
- return (c);
- }
-
-#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
- /* If shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == 0, but there is
- something on the pushed list of strings, then we don't want to go
- off and get another line. We let the code down below handle it. */
-
- if (!shell_input_line || ((!shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) &&
- (pushed_string_list == (STRING_SAVER *)NULL)))
-#else /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
- if (!shell_input_line || !shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index])
-#endif /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
- {
- line_number++;
-
- /* Let's not let one really really long line blow up memory allocation */
- if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_size >= 32768)
- {
- free (shell_input_line);
- shell_input_line = 0;
- shell_input_line_size = 0;
- }
-
- restart_read:
-
- /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
- QUIT;
-
- i = truncating = 0;
- shell_input_line_terminator = 0;
-
- /* If the shell is interatctive, but not currently printing a prompt
- (interactive_shell && interactive == 0), we don't want to print
- notifies or cleanup the jobs -- we want to defer it until we do
- print the next prompt. */
- if (interactive_shell == 0 || SHOULD_PROMPT())
- {
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- /* This can cause a problem when reading a command as the result
- of a trap, when the trap is called from flush_child. This call
- had better not cause jobs to disappear from the job table in
- that case, or we will have big trouble. */
- notify_and_cleanup ();
-#else /* !JOB_CONTROL */
- cleanup_dead_jobs ();
-#endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */
- }
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT())
-#else
- if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
-#endif
- print_prompt ();
-
- if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
- clearerr (stdin);
-
- while (1)
- {
- c = yy_getc ();
-
- /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
- QUIT;
-
- if (c == '\0')
- {
-#if 0
- internal_warning ("shell_getc: ignored null byte in input");
-#endif
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Theoretical overflow */
- /* If we can't put 256 bytes more into the buffer, allocate
- everything we can and fill it as full as we can. */
- /* XXX - we ignore rest of line using `truncating' flag */
- if (shell_input_line_size > (SIZE_MAX - 256))
- {
- size_t n;
-
- n = SIZE_MAX - i; /* how much more can we put into the buffer? */
- if (n <= 2) /* we have to save 1 for the newline added below */
- {
- if (truncating == 0)
- internal_warning("shell_getc: shell_input_line_size (%zu) exceeds SIZE_MAX (%llu): line truncated", shell_input_line_size, SIZE_MAX);
- shell_input_line[i] = '\0';
- truncating = 1;
- }
- if (shell_input_line_size < SIZE_MAX)
- {
- shell_input_line_size = SIZE_MAX;
- shell_input_line = xrealloc (shell_input_line, shell_input_line_size);
- }
- }
- else
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (shell_input_line, i, 2, shell_input_line_size, 256);
-
- if (c == EOF)
- {
- if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
- clearerr (stdin);
-
- if (i == 0)
- shell_input_line_terminator = EOF;
-
- shell_input_line[i] = '\0';
- break;
- }
-
- if (truncating == 0 || c == '\n')
- shell_input_line[i++] = c;
-
- if (c == '\n')
- {
- shell_input_line[--i] = '\0';
- current_command_line_count++;
- break;
- }
- }
-
- shell_input_line_index = 0;
- shell_input_line_len = i; /* == strlen (shell_input_line) */
-
- set_line_mbstate ();
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line && shell_input_line[0])
- {
- char *expansions;
-# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- int old_hist;
-
- /* If the current delimiter is a single quote, we should not be
- performing history expansion, even if we're on a different
- line from the original single quote. */
- old_hist = history_expansion_inhibited;
- if (current_delimiter (dstack) == '\'')
- history_expansion_inhibited = 1;
-# endif
- expansions = pre_process_line (shell_input_line, 1, 1);
-# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- history_expansion_inhibited = old_hist;
-# endif
- if (expansions != shell_input_line)
- {
- free (shell_input_line);
- shell_input_line = expansions;
- shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line ?
- strlen (shell_input_line) : 0;
- if (shell_input_line_len == 0)
- current_command_line_count--;
-
- /* We have to force the xrealloc below because we don't know
- the true allocated size of shell_input_line anymore. */
- shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len;
-
- set_line_mbstate ();
- }
- }
- /* Try to do something intelligent with blank lines encountered while
- entering multi-line commands. XXX - this is grotesque */
- else if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line &&
- shell_input_line[0] == '\0' &&
- current_command_line_count > 1)
- {
- if (current_delimiter (dstack))
- /* We know shell_input_line[0] == 0 and we're reading some sort of
- quoted string. This means we've got a line consisting of only
- a newline in a quoted string. We want to make sure this line
- gets added to the history. */
- maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
- else
- {
- char *hdcs;
- hdcs = history_delimiting_chars (shell_input_line);
- if (hdcs && hdcs[0] == ';')
- maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
- }
- }
-
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
- if (shell_input_line)
- {
- /* Lines that signify the end of the shell's input should not be
- echoed. */
- if (echo_input_at_read && (shell_input_line[0] ||
- shell_input_line_terminator != EOF))
- fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", shell_input_line);
- }
- else
- {
- shell_input_line_size = 0;
- prompt_string_pointer = ¤t_prompt_string;
- if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
- goto restart_read;
- }
-
- /* Add the newline to the end of this string, iff the string does
- not already end in an EOF character. */
- if (shell_input_line_terminator != EOF)
- {
- if (shell_input_line_size < SIZE_MAX && shell_input_line_len > shell_input_line_size - 3)
- shell_input_line = (char *)xrealloc (shell_input_line,
- 1 + (shell_input_line_size += 2));
-
- shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len] = '\n';
- shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len + 1] = '\0';
-
- set_line_mbstate ();
- }
- }
-
-next_alias_char:
- uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
-
- if (uc)
- shell_input_line_index++;
-
-#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
- /* If UC is NULL, we have reached the end of the current input string. If
- pushed_string_list is non-empty, it's time to pop to the previous string
- because we have fully consumed the result of the last alias expansion.
- Do it transparently; just return the next character of the string popped
- to. */
-pop_alias:
- if (uc == 0 && (pushed_string_list != (STRING_SAVER *)NULL))
- {
- pop_string ();
- uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
- if (uc)
- shell_input_line_index++;
- }
-#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
-
- if MBTEST(uc == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == '\n')
- {
- if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
- line_number++;
- /* What do we do here if we're expanding an alias whose definition
- includes an escaped newline? If that's the last character in the
- alias expansion, we just pop the pushed string list (recall that
- we inhibit the appending of a space in mk_alexpansion() if newline
- is the last character). If it's not the last character, we need
- to consume the quoted newline and move to the next character in
- the expansion. */
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- if (expanding_alias () && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index+1] == '\0')
- {
- uc = 0;
- goto pop_alias;
- }
- else if (expanding_alias () && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index+1] != '\0')
- {
- shell_input_line_index++; /* skip newline */
- goto next_alias_char; /* and get next character */
- }
- else
-#endif
- goto restart_read;
- }
-
- if (uc == 0 && shell_input_line_terminator == EOF)
- return ((shell_input_line_index != 0) ? '\n' : EOF);
-
- return (uc);
-}
-
-/* Put C back into the input for the shell. This might need changes for
- HANDLE_MULTIBYTE around EOLs. Since we (currently) never push back a
- character different than we read, shell_input_line_property doesn't need
- to change when manipulating shell_input_line. The define for
- last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte should take care of it, though. */
-static void
-shell_ungetc (c)
- int c;
-{
- if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
- shell_input_line[--shell_input_line_index] = c;
- else
- eol_ungetc_lookahead = c;
-}
-
-#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
-/* Back the input pointer up by one, effectively `ungetting' a character. */
-static void
-shell_ungetchar ()
-{
- if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
- shell_input_line_index--;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Discard input until CHARACTER is seen, then push that character back
- onto the input stream. */
-static void
-discard_until (character)
- int character;
-{
- int c;
-
- while ((c = shell_getc (0)) != EOF && c != character)
- ;
-
- if (c != EOF)
- shell_ungetc (c);
-}
-
-void
-execute_variable_command (command, vname)
- char *command, *vname;
-{
- char *last_lastarg;
- sh_parser_state_t ps;
-
- save_parser_state (&ps);
- last_lastarg = get_string_value ("_");
- if (last_lastarg)
- last_lastarg = savestring (last_lastarg);
-
- parse_and_execute (savestring (command), vname, SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
-
- restore_parser_state (&ps);
- bind_variable ("_", last_lastarg, 0);
- FREE (last_lastarg);
-
- if (token_to_read == '\n') /* reset_parser was called */
- token_to_read = 0;
-}
-
-/* Place to remember the token. We try to keep the buffer
- at a reasonable size, but it can grow. */
-static char *token = (char *)NULL;
-
-/* Current size of the token buffer. */
-static int token_buffer_size;
-
-/* Command to read_token () explaining what we want it to do. */
-#define READ 0
-#define RESET 1
-#define prompt_is_ps1 \
- (!prompt_string_pointer || prompt_string_pointer == &ps1_prompt)
-
-/* Function for yyparse to call. yylex keeps track of
- the last two tokens read, and calls read_token. */
-static int
-yylex ()
-{
- if (interactive && (current_token == 0 || current_token == '\n'))
- {
- /* Before we print a prompt, we might have to check mailboxes.
- We do this only if it is time to do so. Notice that only here
- is the mail alarm reset; nothing takes place in check_mail ()
- except the checking of mail. Please don't change this. */
- if (prompt_is_ps1 && parse_and_execute_level == 0 && time_to_check_mail ())
- {
- check_mail ();
- reset_mail_timer ();
- }
-
- /* Avoid printing a prompt if we're not going to read anything, e.g.
- after resetting the parser with read_token (RESET). */
- if (token_to_read == 0 && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
- }
-
- two_tokens_ago = token_before_that;
- token_before_that = last_read_token;
- last_read_token = current_token;
- current_token = read_token (READ);
-
- if ((parser_state & PST_EOFTOKEN) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
- {
- current_token = yacc_EOF;
- if (bash_input.type == st_string)
- rewind_input_string ();
- }
- parser_state &= ~PST_EOFTOKEN;
-
- return (current_token);
-}
-
-/* When non-zero, we have read the required tokens
- which allow ESAC to be the next one read. */
-static int esacs_needed_count;
-
-void
-gather_here_documents ()
-{
- int r;
-
- r = 0;
- while (need_here_doc)
- {
- parser_state |= PST_HEREDOC;
- make_here_document (redir_stack[r++], line_number);
- parser_state &= ~PST_HEREDOC;
- need_here_doc--;
- }
-}
-
-/* When non-zero, an open-brace used to create a group is awaiting a close
- brace partner. */
-static int open_brace_count;
-
-#define command_token_position(token) \
- (((token) == ASSIGNMENT_WORD) || (parser_state&PST_REDIRLIST) || \
- ((token) != SEMI_SEMI && (token) != SEMI_AND && (token) != SEMI_SEMI_AND && reserved_word_acceptable(token)))
-
-#define assignment_acceptable(token) \
- (command_token_position(token) && ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0))
-
-/* Check to see if TOKEN is a reserved word and return the token
- value if it is. */
-#define CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD(tok) \
- do { \
- if (!dollar_present && !quoted && \
- reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token)) \
- { \
- int i; \
- for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) \
- if (STREQ (tok, word_token_alist[i].word)) \
- { \
- if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && (word_token_alist[i].token != ESAC)) \
- break; \
- if (word_token_alist[i].token == TIME && time_command_acceptable () == 0) \
- break; \
- if (word_token_alist[i].token == ESAC) \
- parser_state &= ~(PST_CASEPAT|PST_CASESTMT); \
- else if (word_token_alist[i].token == CASE) \
- parser_state |= PST_CASESTMT; \
- else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_END) \
- parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR); \
- else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_START) \
- parser_state |= PST_CONDCMD; \
- else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '{') \
- open_brace_count++; \
- else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '}' && open_brace_count) \
- open_brace_count--; \
- return (word_token_alist[i].token); \
- } \
- } \
- } while (0)
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
-
- /* OK, we have a token. Let's try to alias expand it, if (and only if)
- it's eligible.
-
- It is eligible for expansion if EXPAND_ALIASES is set, and
- the token is unquoted and the last token read was a command
- separator (or expand_next_token is set), and we are currently
- processing an alias (pushed_string_list is non-empty) and this
- token is not the same as the current or any previously
- processed alias.
-
- Special cases that disqualify:
- In a pattern list in a case statement (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT). */
-
-static char *
-mk_alexpansion (s)
- char *s;
-{
- int l;
- char *r;
-
- l = strlen (s);
- r = xmalloc (l + 2);
- strcpy (r, s);
- /* If the last character in the alias is a newline, don't add a trailing
- space to the expansion. Works with shell_getc above. */
- if (r[l - 1] != ' ' && r[l - 1] != '\n')
- r[l++] = ' ';
- r[l] = '\0';
- return r;
-}
-
-static int
-alias_expand_token (tokstr)
- char *tokstr;
-{
- char *expanded;
- alias_t *ap;
-
- if (((parser_state & PST_ALEXPNEXT) || command_token_position (last_read_token)) &&
- (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
- {
- ap = find_alias (tokstr);
-
- /* Currently expanding this token. */
- if (ap && (ap->flags & AL_BEINGEXPANDED))
- return (NO_EXPANSION);
-
- /* mk_alexpansion puts an extra space on the end of the alias expansion,
- so the lookahead by the parser works right. If this gets changed,
- make sure the code in shell_getc that deals with reaching the end of
- an expanded alias is changed with it. */
- expanded = ap ? mk_alexpansion (ap->value) : (char *)NULL;
-
- if (expanded)
- {
- push_string (expanded, ap->flags & AL_EXPANDNEXT, ap);
- return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
- }
- else
- /* This is an eligible token that does not have an expansion. */
- return (NO_EXPANSION);
- }
- return (NO_EXPANSION);
-}
-#endif /* ALIAS */
-
-static int
-time_command_acceptable ()
-{
-#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
- int i;
-
- if (posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41)
- {
- /* Quick check of the rest of the line to find the next token. If it
- begins with a `-', Posix says to not return `time' as the token.
- This was interp 267. */
- i = shell_input_line_index;
- while (i < shell_input_line_len && (shell_input_line[i] == ' ' || shell_input_line[i] == '\t'))
- i++;
- if (shell_input_line[i] == '-')
- return 0;
- }
-
- switch (last_read_token)
- {
- case 0:
- case ';':
- case '\n':
- case AND_AND:
- case OR_OR:
- case '&':
- case DO:
- case THEN:
- case ELSE:
- case '{': /* } */
- case '(': /* ) */
- case BANG: /* ! time pipeline */
- case TIME: /* time time pipeline */
- case TIMEOPT: /* time -p time pipeline */
- case TIMEIGN: /* time -p -- ... */
- return 1;
- default:
- return 0;
- }
-#else
- return 0;
-#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
-}
-
-/* Handle special cases of token recognition:
- IN is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
- before that was FOR or CASE or SELECT.
-
- DO is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
- before that was FOR or SELECT.
-
- ESAC is recognized if the last token caused `esacs_needed_count'
- to be set
-
- `{' is recognized if the last token as WORD and the token
- before that was FUNCTION, or if we just parsed an arithmetic
- `for' command.
-
- `}' is recognized if there is an unclosed `{' present.
-
- `-p' is returned as TIMEOPT if the last read token was TIME.
- `--' is returned as TIMEIGN if the last read token was TIMEOPT.
-
- ']]' is returned as COND_END if the parser is currently parsing
- a conditional expression ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) != 0)
-
- `time' is returned as TIME if and only if it is immediately
- preceded by one of `;', `\n', `||', `&&', or `&'.
-*/
-
-static int
-special_case_tokens (tokstr)
- char *tokstr;
-{
- if ((last_read_token == WORD) &&
-#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
- ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) &&
-#else
- ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE)) &&
-#endif
- (tokstr[0] == 'i' && tokstr[1] == 'n' && tokstr[2] == 0))
- {
- if (token_before_that == CASE)
- {
- parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
- esacs_needed_count++;
- }
- return (IN);
- }
-
- if (last_read_token == WORD &&
-#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
- (token_before_that == FOR || token_before_that == SELECT) &&
-#else
- (token_before_that == FOR) &&
-#endif
- (tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && tokstr[2] == '\0'))
- return (DO);
-
- /* Ditto for ESAC in the CASE case.
- Specifically, this handles "case word in esac", which is a legal
- construct, certainly because someone will pass an empty arg to the
- case construct, and we don't want it to barf. Of course, we should
- insist that the case construct has at least one pattern in it, but
- the designers disagree. */
- if (esacs_needed_count)
- {
- esacs_needed_count--;
- if (STREQ (tokstr, "esac"))
- {
- parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
- return (ESAC);
- }
- }
-
- /* The start of a shell function definition. */
- if (parser_state & PST_ALLOWOPNBRC)
- {
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
- if (tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
- {
- open_brace_count++;
- function_bstart = line_number;
- return ('{'); /* } */
- }
- }
-
- /* We allow a `do' after a for ((...)) without an intervening
- list_terminator */
- if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && !tokstr[2])
- return (DO);
- if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
- {
- open_brace_count++;
- return ('{'); /* } */
- }
-
- if (open_brace_count && reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token) && tokstr[0] == '}' && !tokstr[1])
- {
- open_brace_count--; /* { */
- return ('}');
- }
-
-#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
- /* Handle -p after `time'. */
- if (last_read_token == TIME && tokstr[0] == '-' && tokstr[1] == 'p' && !tokstr[2])
- return (TIMEOPT);
- /* Handle -- after `time -p'. */
- if (last_read_token == TIMEOPT && tokstr[0] == '-' && tokstr[1] == '-' && !tokstr[2])
- return (TIMEIGN);
-#endif
-
-#if defined (COND_COMMAND) /* [[ */
- if ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) && tokstr[0] == ']' && tokstr[1] == ']' && tokstr[2] == '\0')
- return (COND_END);
-#endif
-
- return (-1);
-}
-
-/* Called from shell.c when Control-C is typed at top level. Or
- by the error rule at top level. */
-void
-reset_parser ()
-{
- dstack.delimiter_depth = 0; /* No delimiters found so far. */
- open_brace_count = 0;
-
-#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
- /* Reset to global value of extended glob */
- if (parser_state & PST_EXTPAT)
- extended_glob = global_extglob;
-#endif
-
- parser_state = 0;
-
-#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
- if (pushed_string_list)
- free_string_list ();
-#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
-
- if (shell_input_line)
- {
- free (shell_input_line);
- shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
- shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_index = 0;
- }
-
- FREE (word_desc_to_read);
- word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
-
- current_token = '\n'; /* XXX */
- last_read_token = '\n';
- token_to_read = '\n';
-}
-
-/* Read the next token. Command can be READ (normal operation) or
- RESET (to normalize state). */
-static int
-read_token (command)
- int command;
-{
- int character; /* Current character. */
- int peek_char; /* Temporary look-ahead character. */
- int result; /* The thing to return. */
-
- if (command == RESET)
- {
- reset_parser ();
- return ('\n');
- }
-
- if (token_to_read)
- {
- result = token_to_read;
- if (token_to_read == WORD || token_to_read == ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
- {
- yylval.word = word_desc_to_read;
- word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
- }
- token_to_read = 0;
- return (result);
- }
-
-#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
- if ((parser_state & (PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR)) == PST_CONDCMD)
- {
- cond_lineno = line_number;
- parser_state |= PST_CONDEXPR;
- yylval.command = parse_cond_command ();
- if (cond_token != COND_END)
- {
- cond_error ();
- return (-1);
- }
- token_to_read = COND_END;
- parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDEXPR|PST_CONDCMD);
- return (COND_CMD);
- }
-#endif
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- /* This is a place to jump back to once we have successfully expanded a
- token with an alias and pushed the string with push_string () */
- re_read_token:
-#endif /* ALIAS */
-
- /* Read a single word from input. Start by skipping blanks. */
- while ((character = shell_getc (1)) != EOF && shellblank (character))
- ;
-
- if (character == EOF)
- {
- EOF_Reached = 1;
- return (yacc_EOF);
- }
-
- if MBTEST(character == '#' && (!interactive || interactive_comments))
- {
- /* A comment. Discard until EOL or EOF, and then return a newline. */
- discard_until ('\n');
- shell_getc (0);
- character = '\n'; /* this will take the next if statement and return. */
- }
-
- if (character == '\n')
- {
- /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect
- the text of any pending here document. */
- if (need_here_doc)
- gather_here_documents ();
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
-#endif /* ALIAS */
-
- parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
-
- return (character);
- }
-
- if (parser_state & PST_REGEXP)
- goto tokword;
-
- /* Shell meta-characters. */
- if MBTEST(shellmeta (character) && ((parser_state & PST_DBLPAREN) == 0))
- {
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would
- not leave us ready to read a command. */
- if (character == '<' || character == '>')
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
-#endif /* ALIAS */
-
- parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
-
- peek_char = shell_getc (1);
- if (character == peek_char)
- {
- switch (character)
- {
- case '<':
- /* If '<' then we could be at "<<" or at "<<-". We have to
- look ahead one more character. */
- peek_char = shell_getc (1);
- if MBTEST(peek_char == '-')
- return (LESS_LESS_MINUS);
- else if MBTEST(peek_char == '<')
- return (LESS_LESS_LESS);
- else
- {
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
- return (LESS_LESS);
- }
-
- case '>':
- return (GREATER_GREATER);
-
- case ';':
- parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
-#endif /* ALIAS */
-
- peek_char = shell_getc (1);
- if MBTEST(peek_char == '&')
- return (SEMI_SEMI_AND);
- else
- {
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
- return (SEMI_SEMI);
- }
-
- case '&':
- return (AND_AND);
-
- case '|':
- return (OR_OR);
-
-#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
- case '(': /* ) */
- result = parse_dparen (character);
- if (result == -2)
- break;
- else
- return result;
-#endif
- }
- }
- else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '&')
- return (LESS_AND);
- else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '&')
- return (GREATER_AND);
- else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '>')
- return (LESS_GREATER);
- else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '|')
- return (GREATER_BAR);
- else if MBTEST(character == '&' && peek_char == '>')
- {
- peek_char = shell_getc (1);
- if MBTEST(peek_char == '>')
- return (AND_GREATER_GREATER);
- else
- {
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
- return (AND_GREATER);
- }
- }
- else if MBTEST(character == '|' && peek_char == '&')
- return (BAR_AND);
- else if MBTEST(character == ';' && peek_char == '&')
- {
- parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
-#endif /* ALIAS */
- return (SEMI_AND);
- }
-
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
-
- /* If we look like we are reading the start of a function
- definition, then let the reader know about it so that
- we will do the right thing with `{'. */
- if MBTEST(character == ')' && last_read_token == '(' && token_before_that == WORD)
- {
- parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
-#endif /* ALIAS */
- function_dstart = line_number;
- }
-
- /* case pattern lists may be preceded by an optional left paren. If
- we're not trying to parse a case pattern list, the left paren
- indicates a subshell. */
- if MBTEST(character == '(' && (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0) /* ) */
- parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
- /*(*/
- else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && character == ')')
- parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
- /*(*/
- else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_SUBSHELL) && character == ')')
- parser_state &= ~PST_SUBSHELL;
-
-#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
- /* Check for the constructs which introduce process substitution.
- Shells running in `posix mode' don't do process substitution. */
- if MBTEST(posixly_correct || ((character != '>' && character != '<') || peek_char != '(')) /*)*/
-#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
- return (character);
- }
-
- /* Hack <&- (close stdin) case. Also <&N- (dup and close). */
- if MBTEST(character == '-' && (last_read_token == LESS_AND || last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
- return (character);
-
-tokword:
- /* Okay, if we got this far, we have to read a word. Read one,
- and then check it against the known ones. */
- result = read_token_word (character);
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
- goto re_read_token;
-#endif
- return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * Match a $(...) or other grouping construct. This has to handle embedded
- * quoted strings ('', ``, "") and nested constructs. It also must handle
- * reprompting the user, if necessary, after reading a newline, and returning
- * correct error values if it reads EOF.
- */
-#define P_FIRSTCLOSE 0x0001
-#define P_ALLOWESC 0x0002
-#define P_DQUOTE 0x0004
-#define P_COMMAND 0x0008 /* parsing a command, so look for comments */
-#define P_BACKQUOTE 0x0010 /* parsing a backquoted command substitution */
-#define P_ARRAYSUB 0x0020 /* parsing a [...] array subscript for assignment */
-#define P_DOLBRACE 0x0040 /* parsing a ${...} construct */
-
-/* Lexical state while parsing a grouping construct or $(...). */
-#define LEX_WASDOL 0x001
-#define LEX_CKCOMMENT 0x002
-#define LEX_INCOMMENT 0x004
-#define LEX_PASSNEXT 0x008
-#define LEX_RESWDOK 0x010
-#define LEX_CKCASE 0x020
-#define LEX_INCASE 0x040
-#define LEX_INHEREDOC 0x080
-#define LEX_HEREDELIM 0x100 /* reading here-doc delimiter */
-#define LEX_STRIPDOC 0x200 /* <<- strip tabs from here doc delim */
-#define LEX_INWORD 0x400
-
-#define COMSUB_META(ch) ((ch) == ';' || (ch) == '&' || (ch) == '|')
-
-#define CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR() \
- do { \
- if (nestret == &matched_pair_error) \
- { \
- free (ret); \
- return &matched_pair_error; \
- } \
- } while (0)
-
-#define APPEND_NESTRET() \
- do { \
- if (nestlen) \
- { \
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64); \
- strcpy (ret + retind, nestret); \
- retind += nestlen; \
- } \
- } while (0)
-
-static char matched_pair_error;
-
-static char *
-parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
- int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
- int open, close;
- int *lenp, flags;
-{
- int count, ch, tflags;
- int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
- char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
- int retind, retsize, rflags;
- int dolbrace_state;
-
- dolbrace_state = (flags & P_DOLBRACE) ? DOLBRACE_PARAM : 0;
-
-/*itrace("parse_matched_pair[%d]: open = %c close = %c flags = %d", line_number, open, close, flags);*/
- count = 1;
- tflags = 0;
-
- if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '`' && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
- tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
-
- /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
- rflags = (qc == '"') ? P_DQUOTE : (flags & P_DQUOTE);
-
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
- retind = 0;
-
- start_lineno = line_number;
- while (count)
- {
- ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & (LEX_PASSNEXT)) == 0);
-
- if (ch == EOF)
- {
- free (ret);
- parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
- EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
- return (&matched_pair_error);
- }
-
- /* Possible reprompting. */
- if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
-
- /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment
- or part of a case statement */
- if (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT)
- {
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
-
- if (ch == '\n')
- tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
-
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
- any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
- extract_delimited_string(). */
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || shellblank (ret[retind - 1])))
- tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
-
- if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
- {
- tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
- if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
- {
- if (retind > 0)
- retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
- continue;
- }
-
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
- if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC)
- ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- continue;
- }
- /* If we're reparsing the input (e.g., from parse_string_to_word_list),
- we've already prepended CTLESC to single-quoted results of $'...'.
- We may want to do this for other CTLESC-quoted characters in
- reparse, too. */
- else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_REPARSE) && open == '\'' && (ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL))
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- continue;
- }
- else if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- continue;
- }
- else if MBTEST(ch == close) /* ending delimiter */
- count--;
- /* handle nested ${...} specially. */
- else if MBTEST(open != close && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
- count++;
- else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && ch == open) /* nested begin */
- count++;
-
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
-
- /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
- if (count == 0)
- break;
-
- if (open == '\'') /* '' inside grouping construct */
- {
- if MBTEST((flags & P_ALLOWESC) && ch == '\\')
- tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
- continue;
- }
-
- if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
- tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
-
- /* Based on which dolstate is currently in (param, op, or word),
- decide what the op is. We're really only concerned if it's % or
- #, so we can turn on a flag that says whether or not we should
- treat single quotes as special when inside a double-quoted
- ${...}. This logic must agree with subst.c:extract_dollar_brace_string
- since they share the same defines. */
- /* FLAG POSIX INTERP 221 */
- if (flags & P_DOLBRACE)
- {
- /* ${param%[%]word} */
- if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '%' && retind > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- /* ${param#[#]word} */
- else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '#' && retind > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- /* ${param/[/]pat/rep} */
- else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '/' && retind > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE2; /* XXX */
- /* ${param^[^]pat} */
- else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '^' && retind > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- /* ${param,[,]pat} */
- else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == ',' && retind > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", ch) != 0)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_OP;
- else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_OP && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", ch) == 0)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_WORD;
- }
-
- /* The big hammer. Single quotes aren't special in double quotes. The
- problem is that Posix used to say the single quotes are semi-special:
- within a double-quoted ${...} construct "an even number of
- unescaped double-quotes or single-quotes, if any, shall occur." */
- /* This was changed in Austin Group Interp 221 */
- if MBTEST(posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41 && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (flags & P_DQUOTE) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE) && ch == '\'')
- continue;
-
- /* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
- inside old-style command substitution. */
- if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
- {
- if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
- {
- /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...) or other grouping construct. */
- push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
- if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
- else
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
- pop_delimiter (dstack);
- CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
-
- if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
- {
- /* Translate $'...' here. */
- ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
- xfree (nestret);
-
- /* If we're parsing a double-quoted brace expansion and we are
- not in a place where single quotes are treated specially,
- make sure we single-quote the results of the ansi
- expansion because quote removal should remove them later */
- /* FLAG POSIX INTERP 221 */
- if ((shell_compatibility_level > 42) && (rflags & P_DQUOTE) && (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_QUOTE2) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE))
- {
- nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
- free (ttrans);
- nestlen = strlen (nestret);
- }
- else if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
- {
- nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
- free (ttrans);
- nestlen = strlen (nestret);
- }
- else
- {
- nestret = ttrans;
- nestlen = ttranslen;
- }
- retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
- }
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
- {
- /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
- ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
- xfree (nestret);
-
- nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
- free (ttrans);
- nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
- retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
- }
-
- APPEND_NESTRET ();
- FREE (nestret);
- }
- else if ((flags & P_ARRAYSUB) && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
- goto parse_dollar_word;
- }
- /* Parse an old-style command substitution within double quotes as a
- single word. */
- /* XXX - sh and ksh93 don't do this - XXX */
- else if MBTEST(open == '"' && ch == '`')
- {
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '`', '`', &nestlen, rflags);
-
- CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
- APPEND_NESTRET ();
-
- FREE (nestret);
- }
- else if MBTEST(open != '`' && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
- /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
- {
-parse_dollar_word:
- if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
- count--;
- if (ch == '(') /* ) */
- nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, (rflags|P_COMMAND) & ~P_DQUOTE);
- else if (ch == '{') /* } */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|P_DOLBRACE|rflags);
- else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
-
- CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
- APPEND_NESTRET ();
-
- FREE (nestret);
- }
- if MBTEST(ch == '$')
- tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
- else
- tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
- }
-
- ret[retind] = '\0';
- if (lenp)
- *lenp = retind;
-/*itrace("parse_matched_pair[%d]: returning %s", line_number, ret);*/
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Parse a $(...) command substitution. This is messier than I'd like, and
- reproduces a lot more of the token-reading code than I'd like. */
-static char *
-parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
- int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
- int open, close;
- int *lenp, flags;
-{
- int count, ch, peekc, tflags, lex_rwlen, lex_wlen, lex_firstind;
- int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
- char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans, *heredelim;
- int retind, retsize, rflags, hdlen;
-
- /* Posix interp 217 says arithmetic expressions have precedence, so
- assume $(( introduces arithmetic expansion and parse accordingly. */
- peekc = shell_getc (0);
- shell_ungetc (peekc);
- if (peekc == '(')
- return (parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, 0));
-
-/*itrace("parse_comsub: qc = `%c' open = %c close = %c", qc, open, close);*/
- count = 1;
- tflags = LEX_RESWDOK;
-
- if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
- tflags |= LEX_CKCASE;
- if ((tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (interactive == 0 || interactive_comments))
- tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
-
- /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
- rflags = (flags & P_DQUOTE);
-
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
- retind = 0;
-
- start_lineno = line_number;
- lex_rwlen = lex_wlen = 0;
-
- heredelim = 0;
- lex_firstind = -1;
-
- while (count)
- {
-comsub_readchar:
- ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & (LEX_INCOMMENT|LEX_PASSNEXT)) == 0);
-
- if (ch == EOF)
- {
-eof_error:
- free (ret);
- FREE (heredelim);
- parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
- EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
- return (&matched_pair_error);
- }
-
- /* If we hit the end of a line and are reading the contents of a here
- document, and it's not the same line that the document starts on,
- check for this line being the here doc delimiter. Otherwise, if
- we're in a here document, mark the next character as the beginning
- of a line. */
- if (ch == '\n')
- {
- if ((tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM) && heredelim)
- {
- tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
- tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
- lex_firstind = retind + 1;
- }
- else if (tflags & LEX_INHEREDOC)
- {
- int tind;
- tind = lex_firstind;
- while ((tflags & LEX_STRIPDOC) && ret[tind] == '\t')
- tind++;
- if (STREQN (ret + tind, heredelim, hdlen))
- {
- tflags &= ~(LEX_STRIPDOC|LEX_INHEREDOC);
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc end `%s'", line_number, ret + tind);*/
- free (heredelim);
- heredelim = 0;
- lex_firstind = -1;
- }
- else
- lex_firstind = retind + 1;
- }
- }
-
- /* Possible reprompting. */
- if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
-
- /* XXX -- possibly allow here doc to be delimited by ending right
- paren. */
- if ((tflags & LEX_INHEREDOC) && ch == close && count == 1)
- {
- int tind;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub: in here doc, ch == close, retind - firstind = %d hdlen = %d retind = %d", retind-lex_firstind, hdlen, retind);*/
- tind = lex_firstind;
- while ((tflags & LEX_STRIPDOC) && ret[tind] == '\t')
- tind++;
- if (retind-tind == hdlen && STREQN (ret + tind, heredelim, hdlen))
- {
- tflags &= ~(LEX_STRIPDOC|LEX_INHEREDOC);
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc end `%s'", line_number, ret + tind);*/
- free (heredelim);
- heredelim = 0;
- lex_firstind = -1;
- }
- }
-
- /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment */
- if (tflags & (LEX_INCOMMENT|LEX_INHEREDOC))
- {
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
-
- if ((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) && ch == '\n')
- {
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_incomment -> 0 ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
- tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
- }
-
- continue;
- }
-
- if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
- {
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_passnext -> 0 ch = `%c' (%d)", line_number, ch, __LINE__);*/
- tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
- if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
- {
- if (retind > 0)
- retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
- continue;
- }
-
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
- if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC)
- ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* If this is a shell break character, we are not in a word. If not,
- we either start or continue a word. */
- if MBTEST(shellbreak (ch))
- {
- tflags &= ~LEX_INWORD;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_inword -> 0 ch = `%c' (%d)", line_number, ch, __LINE__);*/
- }
- else
- {
- if (tflags & LEX_INWORD)
- {
- lex_wlen++;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_inword == 1 ch = `%c' lex_wlen = %d (%d)", line_number, ch, lex_wlen, __LINE__);*/
- }
- else
- {
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_inword -> 1 ch = `%c' (%d)", line_number, ch, __LINE__);*/
- tflags |= LEX_INWORD;
- lex_wlen = 0;
- }
- }
-
- /* Skip whitespace */
- if MBTEST(shellblank (ch) && (tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM) == 0 && lex_rwlen == 0)
- {
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Either we are looking for the start of the here-doc delimiter
- (lex_firstind == -1) or we are reading one (lex_firstind >= 0).
- If this character is a shell break character and we are reading
- the delimiter, save it and note that we are now reading a here
- document. If we've found the start of the delimiter, note it by
- setting lex_firstind. Backslashes can quote shell metacharacters
- in here-doc delimiters. */
- if (tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM)
- {
- if (lex_firstind == -1 && shellbreak (ch) == 0)
- lex_firstind = retind;
-#if 0
- else if (heredelim && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0 && ch == '\n')
- {
- tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
- tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
- lex_firstind = retind + 1;
- }
-#endif
- else if (lex_firstind >= 0 && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0 && shellbreak (ch))
- {
- if (heredelim == 0)
- {
- nestret = substring (ret, lex_firstind, retind);
- heredelim = string_quote_removal (nestret, 0);
- free (nestret);
- hdlen = STRLEN(heredelim);
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc delimiter `%s' (%d)", line_number, heredelim, hdlen);*/
- }
- if (ch == '\n')
- {
- tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
- tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
- lex_firstind = retind + 1;
- }
- else
- lex_firstind = -1;
- }
- }
-
- /* Meta-characters that can introduce a reserved word. Not perfect yet. */
- if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_RESWDOK) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && (shellmeta(ch) || ch == '\n'))
- {
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- peekc = shell_getc (1);
- if (ch == peekc && (ch == '&' || ch == '|' || ch == ';')) /* two-character tokens */
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = peekc;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
- tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
- lex_rwlen = 0;
- continue;
- }
- else if (ch == '\n' || COMSUB_META(ch))
- {
- shell_ungetc (peekc);
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
- tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
- lex_rwlen = 0;
- continue;
- }
- else if (ch == EOF)
- goto eof_error;
- else
- {
- /* `unget' the character we just added and fall through */
- retind--;
- shell_ungetc (peekc);
- }
- }
-
- /* If we can read a reserved word, try to read one. */
- if (tflags & LEX_RESWDOK)
- {
- if MBTEST(islower (ch))
- {
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- lex_rwlen++;
- continue;
- }
- else if MBTEST(lex_rwlen == 4 && shellbreak (ch))
- {
- if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "case", 4))
- {
- tflags |= LEX_INCASE;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `case', lex_incase -> 1 lex_reswdok -> 0", line_number);*/
- }
- else if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "esac", 4))
- {
- tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `esac', lex_incase -> 0 lex_reswdok -> 0", line_number);*/
- }
- tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
- }
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && ch == '#' && (lex_rwlen == 0 || ((tflags & LEX_INWORD) && lex_wlen == 0)))
- ; /* don't modify LEX_RESWDOK if we're starting a comment */
- /* Allow `do' followed by space, tab, or newline to preserve the
- RESWDOK flag, but reset the reserved word length counter so we
- can read another one. */
- else if MBTEST(((tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0) &&
- (isblank(ch) || ch == '\n') &&
- lex_rwlen == 2 &&
- STREQN (ret + retind - 2, "do", 2))
- {
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_incase == 1 found `%c', found \"do\"", line_number, ch);*/
- lex_rwlen = 0;
- }
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCASE) && ch != '\n')
- /* If we can read a reserved word and we're in case, we're at the
- point where we can read a new pattern list or an esac. We
- handle the esac case above. If we read a newline, we want to
- leave LEX_RESWDOK alone. If we read anything else, we want to
- turn off LEX_RESWDOK, since we're going to read a pattern list. */
- {
- tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_incase == 1 found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
- }
- else if MBTEST(shellbreak (ch) == 0)
- {
- tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
- }
-#if 0
- /* If we find a space or tab but have read something and it's not
- `do', turn off the reserved-word-ok flag */
- else if MBTEST(isblank (ch) && lex_rwlen > 0)
- {
- tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
- }
-#endif
- }
-
- /* Might be the start of a here-doc delimiter */
- if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && ch == '<')
- {
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- peekc = shell_getc (1);
- if (peekc == EOF)
- goto eof_error;
- if (peekc == ch)
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = peekc;
- peekc = shell_getc (1);
- if (peekc == EOF)
- goto eof_error;
- if (peekc == '-')
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = peekc;
- tflags |= LEX_STRIPDOC;
- }
- else
- shell_ungetc (peekc);
- if (peekc != '<')
- {
- tflags |= LEX_HEREDELIM;
- lex_firstind = -1;
- }
- continue;
- }
- else
- ch = peekc; /* fall through and continue XXX */
- }
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (((tflags & LEX_RESWDOK) && lex_rwlen == 0) || ((tflags & LEX_INWORD) && lex_wlen == 0)))
- {
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_incomment -> 1 (%d)", line_number, __LINE__);*/
- tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
- }
-
- if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
- ret[retind++] = ch;
- continue;
- }
-#if 0
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCASE) && ch == close && close == ')')
- tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE; /* XXX */
-#endif
- else if MBTEST(ch == close && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0) /* ending delimiter */
- {
- count--;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found close: count = %d", line_number, count);*/
- }
- else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && ch == open) /* nested begin */
- {
- count++;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found open: count = %d", line_number, count);*/
- }
-
- /* Add this character. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
- ret[retind++] = ch;
-
- /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
- if (count == 0)
- break;
-
- if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
- tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
-
- if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
- {
- /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...). */
- push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
- if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
- else
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
- pop_delimiter (dstack);
- CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
-
- if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
- {
- /* Translate $'...' here. */
- ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
- xfree (nestret);
-
- if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
- {
- nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
- free (ttrans);
- nestlen = strlen (nestret);
- }
- else
- {
- nestret = ttrans;
- nestlen = ttranslen;
- }
- retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
- }
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
- {
- /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
- ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
- xfree (nestret);
-
- nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
- free (ttrans);
- nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
- retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
- }
-
- APPEND_NESTRET ();
- FREE (nestret);
- }
- else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
- /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside command substitution. */
- {
- if ((tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
- count--;
- if (ch == '(') /* ) */
- nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, (rflags|P_COMMAND) & ~P_DQUOTE);
- else if (ch == '{') /* } */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|P_DOLBRACE|rflags);
- else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
-
- CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
- APPEND_NESTRET ();
-
- FREE (nestret);
- }
- if MBTEST(ch == '$')
- tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
- else
- tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
- }
-
- FREE (heredelim);
- ret[retind] = '\0';
- if (lenp)
- *lenp = retind;
-/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: returning `%s'", line_number, ret);*/
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Recursively call the parser to parse a $(...) command substitution. */
-char *
-xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags)
- char *base;
- char *string;
- int *indp;
- int flags;
-{
- sh_parser_state_t ps;
- sh_input_line_state_t ls;
- int orig_ind, nc, sflags;
- char *ret, *s, *ep, *ostring;
-
- /*yydebug = 1;*/
- orig_ind = *indp;
- ostring = string;
-
-/*itrace("xparse_dolparen: size = %d shell_input_line = `%s'", shell_input_line_size, shell_input_line);*/
- sflags = SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOFREE;
- if (flags & SX_NOLONGJMP)
- sflags |= SEVAL_NOLONGJMP;
- save_parser_state (&ps);
- save_input_line_state (&ls);
-
- /*(*/
- parser_state |= PST_CMDSUBST|PST_EOFTOKEN; /* allow instant ')' */ /*(*/
- shell_eof_token = ')';
- parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, &ep);
-
- restore_parser_state (&ps);
- reset_parser ();
- /* reset_parser clears shell_input_line and associated variables */
- restore_input_line_state (&ls);
- if (interactive)
- token_to_read = 0;
-
- /* Need to find how many characters parse_and_execute consumed, update
- *indp, if flags != 0, copy the portion of the string parsed into RET
- and return it. If flags & 1 (EX_NOALLOC) we can return NULL. */
-
- /*(*/
- if (ep[-1] != ')')
- {
-#if DEBUG
- if (ep[-1] != '\n')
- itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: ep[-1] != RPAREN (%d), ep = `%s'", line_number, ep[-1], ep);
-#endif
- while (ep > ostring && ep[-1] == '\n') ep--;
- }
-
- nc = ep - ostring;
- *indp = ep - base - 1;
-
- /*(*/
-#if DEBUG
- if (base[*indp] != ')')
- itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: base[%d] != RPAREN (%d), base = `%s'", line_number, *indp, base[*indp], base);
-#endif
-
- if (flags & SX_NOALLOC)
- return (char *)NULL;
-
- if (nc == 0)
- {
- ret = xmalloc (1);
- ret[0] = '\0';
- }
- else
- ret = substring (ostring, 0, nc - 1);
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
-/* Parse a double-paren construct. It can be either an arithmetic
- command, an arithmetic `for' command, or a nested subshell. Returns
- the parsed token, -1 on error, or -2 if we didn't do anything and
- should just go on. */
-static int
-parse_dparen (c)
- int c;
-{
- int cmdtyp, sline;
- char *wval;
- WORD_DESC *wd;
-
-#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
- if (last_read_token == FOR)
- {
- arith_for_lineno = line_number;
- cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
- if (cmdtyp == 1)
- {
- wd = alloc_word_desc ();
- wd->word = wval;
- yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- return (ARITH_FOR_EXPRS);
- }
- else
- return -1; /* ERROR */
- }
-#endif
-
-#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
- if (reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token))
- {
- sline = line_number;
-
- cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
- if (cmdtyp == 1) /* arithmetic command */
- {
- wd = alloc_word_desc ();
- wd->word = wval;
- wd->flags = W_QUOTED|W_NOSPLIT|W_NOGLOB|W_DQUOTE;
- yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- return (ARITH_CMD);
- }
- else if (cmdtyp == 0) /* nested subshell */
- {
- push_string (wval, 0, (alias_t *)NULL);
- if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
- parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
- return (c);
- }
- else /* ERROR */
- return -1;
- }
-#endif
-
- return -2; /* XXX */
-}
-
-/* We've seen a `(('. Look for the matching `))'. If we get it, return 1.
- If not, assume it's a nested subshell for backwards compatibility and
- return 0. In any case, put the characters we've consumed into a locally-
- allocated buffer and make *ep point to that buffer. Return -1 on an
- error, for example EOF. */
-static int
-parse_arith_cmd (ep, adddq)
- char **ep;
- int adddq;
-{
- int exp_lineno, rval, c;
- char *ttok, *tokstr;
- int ttoklen;
-
- exp_lineno = line_number;
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
- rval = 1;
- if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
- return -1;
- /* Check that the next character is the closing right paren. If
- not, this is a syntax error. ( */
- c = shell_getc (0);
- if MBTEST(c != ')')
- rval = 0;
-
- tokstr = (char *)xmalloc (ttoklen + 4);
-
- /* if ADDDQ != 0 then (( ... )) -> "..." */
- if (rval == 1 && adddq) /* arith cmd, add double quotes */
- {
- tokstr[0] = '"';
- strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
- tokstr[ttoklen] = '"';
- tokstr[ttoklen+1] = '\0';
- }
- else if (rval == 1) /* arith cmd, don't add double quotes */
- {
- strncpy (tokstr, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
- tokstr[ttoklen-1] = '\0';
- }
- else /* nested subshell */
- {
- tokstr[0] = '(';
- strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
- tokstr[ttoklen] = ')';
- tokstr[ttoklen+1] = c;
- tokstr[ttoklen+2] = '\0';
- }
-
- *ep = tokstr;
- FREE (ttok);
- return rval;
-}
-#endif /* DPAREN_ARITHMETIC || ARITH_FOR_COMMAND */
-
-#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
-static void
-cond_error ()
-{
- char *etext;
-
- if (EOF_Reached && cond_token != COND_ERROR) /* [[ */
- parser_error (cond_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"));
- else if (cond_token != COND_ERROR)
- {
- if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
- {
- parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"), etext);
- free (etext);
- }
- else
- parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression"));
- }
-}
-
-static COND_COM *
-cond_expr ()
-{
- return (cond_or ());
-}
-
-static COND_COM *
-cond_or ()
-{
- COND_COM *l, *r;
-
- l = cond_and ();
- if (cond_token == OR_OR)
- {
- r = cond_or ();
- l = make_cond_node (COND_OR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
- }
- return l;
-}
-
-static COND_COM *
-cond_and ()
-{
- COND_COM *l, *r;
-
- l = cond_term ();
- if (cond_token == AND_AND)
- {
- r = cond_and ();
- l = make_cond_node (COND_AND, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
- }
- return l;
-}
-
-static int
-cond_skip_newlines ()
-{
- while ((cond_token = read_token (READ)) == '\n')
- {
- if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
- }
- return (cond_token);
-}
-
-#define COND_RETURN_ERROR() \
- do { cond_token = COND_ERROR; return ((COND_COM *)NULL); } while (0)
-
-static COND_COM *
-cond_term ()
-{
- WORD_DESC *op;
- COND_COM *term, *tleft, *tright;
- int tok, lineno;
- char *etext;
-
- /* Read a token. It can be a left paren, a `!', a unary operator, or a
- word that should be the first argument of a binary operator. Start by
- skipping newlines, since this is a compound command. */
- tok = cond_skip_newlines ();
- lineno = line_number;
- if (tok == COND_END)
- {
- COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
- }
- else if (tok == '(')
- {
- term = cond_expr ();
- if (cond_token != ')')
- {
- if (term)
- dispose_cond_node (term); /* ( */
- if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
- {
- parser_error (lineno, _("unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"), etext);
- free (etext);
- }
- else
- parser_error (lineno, _("expected `)'"));
- COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
- }
- term = make_cond_node (COND_EXPR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, term, (COND_COM *)NULL);
- (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
- }
- else if (tok == BANG || (tok == WORD && (yylval.word->word[0] == '!' && yylval.word->word[1] == '\0')))
- {
- if (tok == WORD)
- dispose_word (yylval.word); /* not needed */
- term = cond_term ();
- if (term)
- term->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
- }
- else if (tok == WORD && yylval.word->word[0] == '-' && yylval.word->word[2] == 0 && test_unop (yylval.word->word))
- {
- op = yylval.word;
- tok = read_token (READ);
- if (tok == WORD)
- {
- tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
- term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
- }
- else
- {
- dispose_word (op);
- if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
- {
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"), etext);
- free (etext);
- }
- else
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"));
- COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
- }
-
- (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
- }
- else if (tok == WORD) /* left argument to binary operator */
- {
- /* lhs */
- tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
-
- /* binop */
- tok = read_token (READ);
- if (tok == WORD && test_binop (yylval.word->word))
- {
- op = yylval.word;
- if (op->word[0] == '=' && (op->word[1] == '\0' || (op->word[1] == '=' && op->word[2] == '\0')))
- parser_state |= PST_EXTPAT;
- else if (op->word[0] == '!' && op->word[1] == '=' && op->word[2] == '\0')
- parser_state |= PST_EXTPAT;
- }
-#if defined (COND_REGEXP)
- else if (tok == WORD && STREQ (yylval.word->word, "=~"))
- {
- op = yylval.word;
- parser_state |= PST_REGEXP;
- }
-#endif
- else if (tok == '<' || tok == '>')
- op = make_word_from_token (tok); /* ( */
- /* There should be a check before blindly accepting the `)' that we have
- seen the opening `('. */
- else if (tok == COND_END || tok == AND_AND || tok == OR_OR || tok == ')')
- {
- /* Special case. [[ x ]] is equivalent to [[ -n x ]], just like
- the test command. Similarly for [[ x && expr ]] or
- [[ x || expr ]] or [[ (x) ]]. */
- op = make_word ("-n");
- term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
- cond_token = tok;
- return (term);
- }
- else
- {
- if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
- {
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"), etext);
- free (etext);
- }
- else
- parser_error (line_number, _("conditional binary operator expected"));
- dispose_cond_node (tleft);
- COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
- }
-
- /* rhs */
- if (parser_state & PST_EXTPAT)
- extended_glob = 1;
- tok = read_token (READ);
- if (parser_state & PST_EXTPAT)
- extended_glob = global_extglob;
- parser_state &= ~(PST_REGEXP|PST_EXTPAT);
-
- if (tok == WORD)
- {
- tright = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
- term = make_cond_node (COND_BINARY, op, tleft, tright);
- }
- else
- {
- if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
- {
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"), etext);
- free (etext);
- }
- else
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"));
- dispose_cond_node (tleft);
- dispose_word (op);
- COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
- }
-
- (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
- }
- else
- {
- if (tok < 256)
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"), tok);
- else if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
- {
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"), etext);
- free (etext);
- }
- else
- parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token %d in conditional command"), tok);
- COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
- }
- return (term);
-}
-
-/* This is kind of bogus -- we slip a mini recursive-descent parser in
- here to handle the conditional statement syntax. */
-static COMMAND *
-parse_cond_command ()
-{
- COND_COM *cexp;
-
- global_extglob = extended_glob;
- cexp = cond_expr ();
- return (make_cond_command (cexp));
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-/* When this is called, it's guaranteed that we don't care about anything
- in t beyond i. We do save and restore the chars, though. */
-static int
-token_is_assignment (t, i)
- char *t;
- int i;
-{
- unsigned char c, c1;
- int r;
-
- c = t[i]; c1 = t[i+1];
- t[i] = '='; t[i+1] = '\0';
- r = assignment (t, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0);
- t[i] = c; t[i+1] = c1;
- return r;
-}
-
-/* XXX - possible changes here for `+=' */
-static int
-token_is_ident (t, i)
- char *t;
- int i;
-{
- unsigned char c;
- int r;
-
- c = t[i];
- t[i] = '\0';
- r = legal_identifier (t);
- t[i] = c;
- return r;
-}
-#endif
-
-static int
-read_token_word (character)
- int character;
-{
- /* The value for YYLVAL when a WORD is read. */
- WORD_DESC *the_word;
-
- /* Index into the token that we are building. */
- int token_index;
-
- /* ALL_DIGITS becomes zero when we see a non-digit. */
- int all_digit_token;
-
- /* DOLLAR_PRESENT becomes non-zero if we see a `$'. */
- int dollar_present;
-
- /* COMPOUND_ASSIGNMENT becomes non-zero if we are parsing a compound
- assignment. */
- int compound_assignment;
-
- /* QUOTED becomes non-zero if we see one of ("), ('), (`), or (\). */
- int quoted;
-
- /* Non-zero means to ignore the value of the next character, and just
- to add it no matter what. */
- int pass_next_character;
-
- /* The current delimiting character. */
- int cd;
- int result, peek_char;
- char *ttok, *ttrans;
- int ttoklen, ttranslen;
- intmax_t lvalue;
-
- if (token_buffer_size < TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE)
- token = (char *)xrealloc (token, token_buffer_size = TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE);
-
- token_index = 0;
- all_digit_token = DIGIT (character);
- dollar_present = quoted = pass_next_character = compound_assignment = 0;
-
- for (;;)
- {
- if (character == EOF)
- goto got_token;
-
- if (pass_next_character)
- {
- pass_next_character = 0;
- goto got_escaped_character;
- }
-
- cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
-
- /* Handle backslashes. Quote lots of things when not inside of
- double-quotes, quote some things inside of double-quotes. */
- if MBTEST(character == '\\')
- {
- peek_char = shell_getc (0);
-
- /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases except
- when quoted with single quotes. */
- if (peek_char == '\n')
- {
- character = '\n';
- goto next_character;
- }
- else
- {
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
-
- /* If the next character is to be quoted, note it now. */
- if (cd == 0 || cd == '`' ||
- (cd == '"' && peek_char >= 0 && (sh_syntaxtab[peek_char] & CBSDQUOTE)))
- pass_next_character++;
-
- quoted = 1;
- goto got_character;
- }
- }
-
- /* Parse a matched pair of quote characters. */
- if MBTEST(shellquote (character))
- {
- push_delimiter (dstack, character);
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (character, character, character, &ttoklen, (character == '`') ? P_COMMAND : 0);
- pop_delimiter (dstack);
- if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
- return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
- token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- token[token_index++] = character;
- strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
- token_index += ttoklen;
- all_digit_token = 0;
- quoted = 1;
- dollar_present |= (character == '"' && strchr (ttok, '$') != 0);
- FREE (ttok);
- goto next_character;
- }
-
-#ifdef COND_REGEXP
- /* When parsing a regexp as a single word inside a conditional command,
- we need to special-case characters special to both the shell and
- regular expressions. Right now, that is only '(' and '|'. */ /*)*/
- if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_REGEXP) && (character == '(' || character == '|')) /*)*/
- {
- if (character == '|')
- goto got_character;
-
- push_delimiter (dstack, character);
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
- pop_delimiter (dstack);
- if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
- return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
- token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- token[token_index++] = character;
- strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
- token_index += ttoklen;
- FREE (ttok);
- dollar_present = all_digit_token = 0;
- goto next_character;
- }
-#endif /* COND_REGEXP */
-
-#ifdef EXTENDED_GLOB
- /* Parse a ksh-style extended pattern matching specification. */
- if MBTEST(extended_glob && PATTERN_CHAR (character))
- {
- peek_char = shell_getc (1);
- if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
- {
- push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
- pop_delimiter (dstack);
- if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
- return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 3,
- token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- token[token_index++] = character;
- token[token_index++] = peek_char;
- strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
- token_index += ttoklen;
- FREE (ttok);
- dollar_present = all_digit_token = 0;
- goto next_character;
- }
- else
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
- }
-#endif /* EXTENDED_GLOB */
-
- /* If the delimiter character is not single quote, parse some of
- the shell expansions that must be read as a single word. */
- if (shellexp (character))
- {
- peek_char = shell_getc (1);
- /* $(...), <(...), >(...), $((...)), ${...}, and $[...] constructs */
- if MBTEST(peek_char == '(' ||
- ((peek_char == '{' || peek_char == '[') && character == '$')) /* ) ] } */
- {
- if (peek_char == '{') /* } */
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '{', '}', &ttoklen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|P_DOLBRACE);
- else if (peek_char == '(') /* ) */
- {
- /* XXX - push and pop the `(' as a delimiter for use by
- the command-oriented-history code. This way newlines
- appearing in the $(...) string get added to the
- history literally rather than causing a possibly-
- incorrect `;' to be added. ) */
- push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
- ttok = parse_comsub (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, P_COMMAND);
- pop_delimiter (dstack);
- }
- else
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, 0);
- if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
- return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 3,
- token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- token[token_index++] = character;
- token[token_index++] = peek_char;
- strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
- token_index += ttoklen;
- FREE (ttok);
- dollar_present = 1;
- all_digit_token = 0;
- goto next_character;
- }
- /* This handles $'...' and $"..." new-style quoted strings. */
- else if MBTEST(character == '$' && (peek_char == '\'' || peek_char == '"'))
- {
- int first_line;
-
- first_line = line_number;
- push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (peek_char, peek_char, peek_char,
- &ttoklen,
- (peek_char == '\'') ? P_ALLOWESC : 0);
- pop_delimiter (dstack);
- if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
- return -1;
- if (peek_char == '\'')
- {
- ttrans = ansiexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, &ttranslen);
- free (ttok);
-
- /* Insert the single quotes and correctly quote any
- embedded single quotes (allowed because P_ALLOWESC was
- passed to parse_matched_pair). */
- ttok = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
- free (ttrans);
- ttranslen = strlen (ttok);
- ttrans = ttok;
- }
- else
- {
- /* Try to locale-expand the converted string. */
- ttrans = localeexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, first_line, &ttranslen);
- free (ttok);
-
- /* Add the double quotes back */
- ttok = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
- free (ttrans);
- ttranslen += 2;
- ttrans = ttok;
- }
-
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttranslen + 1,
- token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- strcpy (token + token_index, ttrans);
- token_index += ttranslen;
- FREE (ttrans);
- quoted = 1;
- all_digit_token = 0;
- goto next_character;
- }
- /* This could eventually be extended to recognize all of the
- shell's single-character parameter expansions, and set flags.*/
- else if MBTEST(character == '$' && peek_char == '$')
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 3,
- token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- token[token_index++] = '$';
- token[token_index++] = peek_char;
- dollar_present = 1;
- all_digit_token = 0;
- goto next_character;
- }
- else
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
- }
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* Identify possible array subscript assignment; match [...]. If
- parser_state&PST_COMPASSIGN, we need to parse [sub]=words treating
- `sub' as if it were enclosed in double quotes. */
- else if MBTEST(character == '[' && /* ] */
- ((token_index > 0 && assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) && token_is_ident (token, token_index)) ||
- (token_index == 0 && (parser_state&PST_COMPASSIGN))))
- {
- ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, P_ARRAYSUB);
- if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
- return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
- token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- token[token_index++] = character;
- strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
- token_index += ttoklen;
- FREE (ttok);
- all_digit_token = 0;
- goto next_character;
- }
- /* Identify possible compound array variable assignment. */
- else if MBTEST(character == '=' && token_index > 0 && (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_ASSIGNOK)) && token_is_assignment (token, token_index))
- {
- peek_char = shell_getc (1);
- if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
- {
- ttok = parse_compound_assignment (&ttoklen);
-
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 4,
- token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
-
- token[token_index++] = '=';
- token[token_index++] = '(';
- if (ttok)
- {
- strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
- token_index += ttoklen;
- }
- token[token_index++] = ')';
- FREE (ttok);
- all_digit_token = 0;
- compound_assignment = 1;
-#if 1
- goto next_character;
-#else
- goto got_token; /* ksh93 seems to do this */
-#endif
- }
- else
- shell_ungetc (peek_char);
- }
-#endif
-
- /* When not parsing a multi-character word construct, shell meta-
- characters break words. */
- if MBTEST(shellbreak (character))
- {
- shell_ungetc (character);
- goto got_token;
- }
-
-got_character:
-
- if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL)
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 2, token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
- token[token_index++] = CTLESC;
- }
- else
-got_escaped_character:
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 1, token_buffer_size,
- TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
-
- token[token_index++] = character;
-
- all_digit_token &= DIGIT (character);
- dollar_present |= character == '$';
-
- next_character:
- if (character == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
-
- /* We want to remove quoted newlines (that is, a \<newline> pair)
- unless we are within single quotes or pass_next_character is
- set (the shell equivalent of literal-next). */
- cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
- character = shell_getc (cd != '\'' && pass_next_character == 0);
- } /* end for (;;) */
-
-got_token:
-
- /* Calls to RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER ensure there is sufficient room. */
- token[token_index] = '\0';
-
- /* Check to see what thing we should return. If the last_read_token
- is a `<', or a `&', or the character which ended this token is
- a '>' or '<', then, and ONLY then, is this input token a NUMBER.
- Otherwise, it is just a word, and should be returned as such. */
- if MBTEST(all_digit_token && (character == '<' || character == '>' ||
- last_read_token == LESS_AND ||
- last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
- {
- if (legal_number (token, &lvalue) && (int)lvalue == lvalue)
- {
- yylval.number = lvalue;
- return (NUMBER);
- }
- }
-
- /* Check for special case tokens. */
- result = (last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte) ? special_case_tokens (token) : -1;
- if (result >= 0)
- return result;
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
- /* Posix.2 does not allow reserved words to be aliased, so check for all
- of them, including special cases, before expanding the current token
- as an alias. */
- if MBTEST(posixly_correct)
- CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
-
- /* Aliases are expanded iff EXPAND_ALIASES is non-zero, and quoting
- inhibits alias expansion. */
- if (expand_aliases && quoted == 0)
- {
- result = alias_expand_token (token);
- if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
- return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
- else if (result == NO_EXPANSION)
- parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
- }
-
- /* If not in Posix.2 mode, check for reserved words after alias
- expansion. */
- if MBTEST(posixly_correct == 0)
-#endif
- CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
-
- the_word = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC));
- the_word->word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + token_index);
- the_word->flags = 0;
- strcpy (the_word->word, token);
- if (dollar_present)
- the_word->flags |= W_HASDOLLAR;
- if (quoted)
- the_word->flags |= W_QUOTED; /*(*/
- if (compound_assignment && token[token_index-1] == ')')
- the_word->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN;
- /* A word is an assignment if it appears at the beginning of a
- simple command, or after another assignment word. This is
- context-dependent, so it cannot be handled in the grammar. */
- if (assignment (token, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0))
- {
- the_word->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;
- /* Don't perform word splitting on assignment statements. */
- if (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0)
- {
- the_word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
- if (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN)
- the_word->flags |= W_NOGLOB; /* XXX - W_NOBRACE? */
- }
- }
-
- if (command_token_position (last_read_token))
- {
- struct builtin *b;
- b = builtin_address_internal (token, 0);
- if (b && (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN))
- parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
- else if (STREQ (token, "eval") || STREQ (token, "let"))
- parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
- }
-
- yylval.word = the_word;
-
- if (token[0] == '{' && token[token_index-1] == '}' &&
- (character == '<' || character == '>'))
- {
- /* can use token; already copied to the_word */
- token[token_index-1] = '\0';
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (legal_identifier (token+1) || valid_array_reference (token+1))
-#else
- if (legal_identifier (token+1))
-#endif
- {
- strcpy (the_word->word, token+1);
-/*itrace("read_token_word: returning REDIR_WORD for %s", the_word->word);*/
- return (REDIR_WORD);
- }
- }
-
- result = ((the_word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT)) == (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT))
- ? ASSIGNMENT_WORD : WORD;
-
- switch (last_read_token)
- {
- case FUNCTION:
- parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
- function_dstart = line_number;
- break;
- case CASE:
- case SELECT:
- case FOR:
- if (word_top < MAX_CASE_NEST)
- word_top++;
- word_lineno[word_top] = line_number;
- break;
- }
-
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Return 1 if TOKSYM is a token that after being read would allow
- a reserved word to be seen, else 0. */
-static int
-reserved_word_acceptable (toksym)
- int toksym;
-{
- switch (toksym)
- {
- case '\n':
- case ';':
- case '(':
- case ')':
- case '|':
- case '&':
- case '{':
- case '}': /* XXX */
- case AND_AND:
- case BANG:
- case BAR_AND:
- case DO:
- case DONE:
- case ELIF:
- case ELSE:
- case ESAC:
- case FI:
- case IF:
- case OR_OR:
- case SEMI_SEMI:
- case SEMI_AND:
- case SEMI_SEMI_AND:
- case THEN:
- case TIME:
- case TIMEOPT:
- case TIMEIGN:
- case COPROC:
- case UNTIL:
- case WHILE:
- case 0:
- return 1;
- default:
-#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- if (last_read_token == WORD && token_before_that == COPROC)
- return 1;
-#endif
- if (last_read_token == WORD && token_before_that == FUNCTION)
- return 1;
- return 0;
- }
-}
-
-/* Return the index of TOKEN in the alist of reserved words, or -1 if
- TOKEN is not a shell reserved word. */
-int
-find_reserved_word (tokstr)
- char *tokstr;
-{
- int i;
- for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word; i++)
- if (STREQ (tokstr, word_token_alist[i].word))
- return i;
- return -1;
-}
-
-/* An interface to let the rest of the shell (primarily the completion
- system) know what the parser is expecting. */
-int
-parser_in_command_position ()
-{
- return (command_token_position (last_read_token));
-}
-
-#if 0
-#if defined (READLINE)
-/* Called after each time readline is called. This insures that whatever
- the new prompt string is gets propagated to readline's local prompt
- variable. */
-static void
-reset_readline_prompt ()
-{
- char *temp_prompt;
-
- if (prompt_string_pointer)
- {
- temp_prompt = (*prompt_string_pointer)
- ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
- : (char *)NULL;
-
- if (temp_prompt == 0)
- {
- temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
- temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
- }
-
- FREE (current_readline_prompt);
- current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
- }
-}
-#endif /* READLINE */
-#endif /* 0 */
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
-/* A list of tokens which can be followed by newlines, but not by
- semi-colons. When concatenating multiple lines of history, the
- newline separator for such tokens is replaced with a space. */
-static const int no_semi_successors[] = {
- '\n', '{', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|',
- CASE, DO, ELSE, IF, SEMI_SEMI, SEMI_AND, SEMI_SEMI_AND, THEN, UNTIL,
- WHILE, AND_AND, OR_OR, IN,
- 0
-};
-
-/* If we are not within a delimited expression, try to be smart
- about which separators can be semi-colons and which must be
- newlines. Returns the string that should be added into the
- history entry. LINE is the line we're about to add; it helps
- make some more intelligent decisions in certain cases. */
-char *
-history_delimiting_chars (line)
- const char *line;
-{
- static int last_was_heredoc = 0; /* was the last entry the start of a here document? */
- register int i;
-
- if ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) == 0)
- last_was_heredoc = 0;
-
- if (dstack.delimiter_depth != 0)
- return ("\n");
-
- /* We look for current_command_line_count == 2 because we are looking to
- add the first line of the body of the here document (the second line
- of the command). We also keep LAST_WAS_HEREDOC as a private sentinel
- variable to note when we think we added the first line of a here doc
- (the one with a "<<" somewhere in it) */
- if (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC)
- {
- if (last_was_heredoc)
- {
- last_was_heredoc = 0;
- return "\n";
- }
- return (current_command_line_count == 2 ? "\n" : "");
- }
-
- if (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN)
- return (" ");
-
- /* First, handle some special cases. */
- /*(*/
- /* If we just read `()', assume it's a function definition, and don't
- add a semicolon. If the token before the `)' was not `(', and we're
- not in the midst of parsing a case statement, assume it's a
- parenthesized command and add the semicolon. */
- /*)(*/
- if (token_before_that == ')')
- {
- if (two_tokens_ago == '(') /*)*/ /* function def */
- return " ";
- /* This does not work for subshells inside case statement
- command lists. It's a suboptimal solution. */
- else if (parser_state & PST_CASESTMT) /* case statement pattern */
- return " ";
- else
- return "; "; /* (...) subshell */
- }
- else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FUNCTION)
- return " "; /* function def using `function name' without `()' */
-
- /* If we're not in a here document, but we think we're about to parse one,
- and we would otherwise return a `;', return a newline to delimit the
- line with the here-doc delimiter */
- else if ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) == 0 && current_command_line_count > 1 && last_read_token == '\n' && strstr (line, "<<"))
- {
- last_was_heredoc = 1;
- return "\n";
- }
-
- else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FOR)
- {
- /* Tricky. `for i\nin ...' should not have a semicolon, but
- `for i\ndo ...' should. We do what we can. */
- for (i = shell_input_line_index; whitespace (shell_input_line[i]); i++)
- ;
- if (shell_input_line[i] && shell_input_line[i] == 'i' && shell_input_line[i+1] == 'n')
- return " ";
- return ";";
- }
- else if (two_tokens_ago == CASE && token_before_that == WORD && (parser_state & PST_CASESTMT))
- return " ";
-
- for (i = 0; no_semi_successors[i]; i++)
- {
- if (token_before_that == no_semi_successors[i])
- return (" ");
- }
-
- return ("; ");
-}
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
-/* Issue a prompt, or prepare to issue a prompt when the next character
- is read. */
-static void
-prompt_again ()
-{
- char *temp_prompt;
-
- if (interactive == 0 || expanding_alias ()) /* XXX */
- return;
-
- ps1_prompt = get_string_value ("PS1");
- ps2_prompt = get_string_value ("PS2");
-
- if (!prompt_string_pointer)
- prompt_string_pointer = &ps1_prompt;
-
- temp_prompt = *prompt_string_pointer
- ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
- : (char *)NULL;
-
- if (temp_prompt == 0)
- {
- temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
- temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
- }
-
- current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
- prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- if (!no_line_editing)
- {
- FREE (current_readline_prompt);
- current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
- }
- else
-#endif /* READLINE */
- {
- FREE (current_decoded_prompt);
- current_decoded_prompt = temp_prompt;
- }
-}
-
-int
-get_current_prompt_level ()
-{
- return ((current_prompt_string && current_prompt_string == ps2_prompt) ? 2 : 1);
-}
-
-void
-set_current_prompt_level (x)
- int x;
-{
- prompt_string_pointer = (x == 2) ? &ps2_prompt : &ps1_prompt;
- current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
-}
-
-static void
-print_prompt ()
-{
- fprintf (stderr, "%s", current_decoded_prompt);
- fflush (stderr);
-}
-
-/* Return a string which will be printed as a prompt. The string
- may contain special characters which are decoded as follows:
-
- \a bell (ascii 07)
- \d the date in Day Mon Date format
- \e escape (ascii 033)
- \h the hostname up to the first `.'
- \H the hostname
- \j the number of active jobs
- \l the basename of the shell's tty device name
- \n CRLF
- \r CR
- \s the name of the shell
- \t the time in 24-hour hh:mm:ss format
- \T the time in 12-hour hh:mm:ss format
- \@ the time in 12-hour hh:mm am/pm format
- \A the time in 24-hour hh:mm format
- \D{fmt} the result of passing FMT to strftime(3)
- \u your username
- \v the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
- \V the release of bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \w the current working directory
- \W the last element of $PWD
- \! the history number of this command
- \# the command number of this command
- \$ a $ or a # if you are root
- \nnn character code nnn in octal
- \\ a backslash
- \[ begin a sequence of non-printing chars
- \] end a sequence of non-printing chars
-*/
-#define PROMPT_GROWTH 48
-char *
-decode_prompt_string (string)
- char *string;
-{
- WORD_LIST *list;
- char *result, *t;
- struct dstack save_dstack;
- int last_exit_value, last_comsub_pid;
-#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
- int result_size, result_index;
- int c, n, i;
- char *temp, octal_string[4];
- struct tm *tm;
- time_t the_time;
- char timebuf[128];
- char *timefmt;
-
- result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = PROMPT_GROWTH);
- result[result_index = 0] = 0;
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
- while (c = *string++)
- {
- if (posixly_correct && c == '!')
- {
- if (*string == '!')
- {
- temp = savestring ("!");
- goto add_string;
- }
- else
- {
-#if !defined (HISTORY)
- temp = savestring ("1");
-#else /* HISTORY */
- temp = itos (history_number ());
-#endif /* HISTORY */
- string--; /* add_string increments string again. */
- goto add_string;
- }
- }
- if (c == '\\')
- {
- c = *string;
-
- switch (c)
- {
- case '0':
- case '1':
- case '2':
- case '3':
- case '4':
- case '5':
- case '6':
- case '7':
- strncpy (octal_string, string, 3);
- octal_string[3] = '\0';
-
- n = read_octal (octal_string);
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
-
- if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL)
- {
- temp[0] = CTLESC;
- temp[1] = n;
- temp[2] = '\0';
- }
- else if (n == -1)
- {
- temp[0] = '\\';
- temp[1] = '\0';
- }
- else
- {
- temp[0] = n;
- temp[1] = '\0';
- }
-
- for (c = 0; n != -1 && c < 3 && ISOCTAL (*string); c++)
- string++;
-
- c = 0; /* tested at add_string: */
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'd':
- case 't':
- case 'T':
- case '@':
- case 'A':
- /* Make the current time/date into a string. */
- (void) time (&the_time);
-#if defined (HAVE_TZSET)
- sv_tz ("TZ"); /* XXX -- just make sure */
-#endif
- tm = localtime (&the_time);
-
- if (c == 'd')
- n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%a %b %d", tm);
- else if (c == 't')
- n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M:%S", tm);
- else if (c == 'T')
- n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M:%S", tm);
- else if (c == '@')
- n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M %p", tm);
- else if (c == 'A')
- n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M", tm);
-
- if (n == 0)
- timebuf[0] = '\0';
- else
- timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
-
- temp = savestring (timebuf);
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'D': /* strftime format */
- if (string[1] != '{') /* } */
- goto not_escape;
-
- (void) time (&the_time);
- tm = localtime (&the_time);
- string += 2; /* skip { */
- timefmt = xmalloc (strlen (string) + 3);
- for (t = timefmt; *string && *string != '}'; )
- *t++ = *string++;
- *t = '\0';
- c = *string; /* tested at add_string */
- if (timefmt[0] == '\0')
- {
- timefmt[0] = '%';
- timefmt[1] = 'X'; /* locale-specific current time */
- timefmt[2] = '\0';
- }
- n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), timefmt, tm);
- free (timefmt);
-
- if (n == 0)
- timebuf[0] = '\0';
- else
- timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
-
- if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
- /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
- second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
- function here. */
- temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf);
- else
- temp = savestring (timebuf);
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'n':
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
- temp[0] = no_line_editing ? '\n' : '\r';
- temp[1] = no_line_editing ? '\0' : '\n';
- temp[2] = '\0';
- goto add_string;
-
- case 's':
- temp = base_pathname (shell_name);
- temp = savestring (temp);
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'v':
- case 'V':
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (16);
- if (c == 'v')
- strcpy (temp, dist_version);
- else
- sprintf (temp, "%s.%d", dist_version, patch_level);
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'w':
- case 'W':
- {
- /* Use the value of PWD because it is much more efficient. */
- char t_string[PATH_MAX];
- int tlen;
-
- temp = get_string_value ("PWD");
-
- if (temp == 0)
- {
- if (getcwd (t_string, sizeof(t_string)) == 0)
- {
- t_string[0] = '.';
- tlen = 1;
- }
- else
- tlen = strlen (t_string);
- }
- else
- {
- tlen = sizeof (t_string) - 1;
- strncpy (t_string, temp, tlen);
- }
- t_string[tlen] = '\0';
-
-#if defined (MACOSX)
- /* Convert from "fs" format to "input" format */
- temp = fnx_fromfs (t_string, strlen (t_string));
- if (temp != t_string)
- strcpy (t_string, temp);
-#endif
-
-#define ROOT_PATH(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == 0)
-#define DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == '/' && (x)[2] == 0)
- /* Abbreviate \W as ~ if $PWD == $HOME */
- if (c == 'W' && (((t = get_string_value ("HOME")) == 0) || STREQ (t, t_string) == 0))
- {
- if (ROOT_PATH (t_string) == 0 && DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT (t_string) == 0)
- {
- t = strrchr (t_string, '/');
- if (t)
- memmove (t_string, t + 1, strlen (t)); /* strlen(t) to copy NULL */
- }
- }
-#undef ROOT_PATH
-#undef DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT
- else
- /* polite_directory_format is guaranteed to return a string
- no longer than PATH_MAX - 1 characters. */
- strcpy (t_string, polite_directory_format (t_string));
-
- temp = trim_pathname (t_string, PATH_MAX - 1);
- /* If we're going to be expanding the prompt string later,
- quote the directory name. */
- if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
- /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
- second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
- function here. */
- temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_string);
- else
- temp = savestring (t_string);
-
- goto add_string;
- }
-
- case 'u':
- if (current_user.user_name == 0)
- get_current_user_info ();
- temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'h':
- case 'H':
- temp = savestring (current_host_name);
- if (c == 'h' && (t = (char *)strchr (temp, '.')))
- *t = '\0';
- goto add_string;
-
- case '#':
- temp = itos (current_command_number);
- goto add_string;
-
- case '!':
-#if !defined (HISTORY)
- temp = savestring ("1");
-#else /* HISTORY */
- temp = itos (history_number ());
-#endif /* HISTORY */
- goto add_string;
-
- case '$':
- t = temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
- if ((promptvars || posixly_correct) && (current_user.euid != 0))
- *t++ = '\\';
- *t++ = current_user.euid == 0 ? '#' : '$';
- *t = '\0';
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'j':
- temp = itos (count_all_jobs ());
- goto add_string;
-
- case 'l':
-#if defined (HAVE_TTYNAME)
- temp = (char *)ttyname (fileno (stdin));
- t = temp ? base_pathname (temp) : "tty";
- temp = savestring (t);
-#else
- temp = savestring ("tty");
-#endif /* !HAVE_TTYNAME */
- goto add_string;
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- case '[':
- case ']':
- if (no_line_editing)
- {
- string++;
- break;
- }
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
- n = (c == '[') ? RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE : RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE;
- i = 0;
- if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL)
- temp[i++] = CTLESC;
- temp[i++] = n;
- temp[i] = '\0';
- goto add_string;
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
- case '\\':
- case 'a':
- case 'e':
- case 'r':
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (2);
- if (c == 'a')
- temp[0] = '\07';
- else if (c == 'e')
- temp[0] = '\033';
- else if (c == 'r')
- temp[0] = '\r';
- else /* (c == '\\') */
- temp[0] = c;
- temp[1] = '\0';
- goto add_string;
-
- default:
-not_escape:
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
- temp[0] = '\\';
- temp[1] = c;
- temp[2] = '\0';
-
- add_string:
- if (c)
- string++;
- result =
- sub_append_string (temp, result, &result_index, &result_size);
- temp = (char *)NULL; /* Freed in sub_append_string (). */
- result[result_index] = '\0';
- break;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 3, result_size, PROMPT_GROWTH);
- result[result_index++] = c;
- result[result_index] = '\0';
- }
- }
-#else /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
- result = savestring (string);
-#endif /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
-
- /* Save the delimiter stack and point `dstack' to temp space so any
- command substitutions in the prompt string won't result in screwing
- up the parser's quoting state. */
- save_dstack = dstack;
- dstack = temp_dstack;
- dstack.delimiter_depth = 0;
-
- /* Perform variable and parameter expansion and command substitution on
- the prompt string. */
- if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
- {
- last_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
- last_comsub_pid = last_command_subst_pid;
- list = expand_prompt_string (result, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0);
- free (result);
- result = string_list (list);
- dispose_words (list);
- last_command_exit_value = last_exit_value;
- last_command_subst_pid = last_comsub_pid;
- }
- else
- {
- t = dequote_string (result);
- free (result);
- result = t;
- }
-
- dstack = save_dstack;
-
- return (result);
-}
-
-/************************************************
- * *
- * ERROR HANDLING *
- * *
- ************************************************/
-
-/* Report a syntax error, and restart the parser. Call here for fatal
- errors. */
-int
-yyerror (msg)
- const char *msg;
-{
- report_syntax_error ((char *)NULL);
- reset_parser ();
- return (0);
-}
-
-static char *
-error_token_from_token (tok)
- int tok;
-{
- char *t;
-
- if (t = find_token_in_alist (tok, word_token_alist, 0))
- return t;
-
- if (t = find_token_in_alist (tok, other_token_alist, 0))
- return t;
-
- t = (char *)NULL;
- /* This stuff is dicy and needs closer inspection */
- switch (current_token)
- {
- case WORD:
- case ASSIGNMENT_WORD:
- if (yylval.word)
- t = savestring (yylval.word->word);
- break;
- case NUMBER:
- t = itos (yylval.number);
- break;
- case ARITH_CMD:
- if (yylval.word_list)
- t = string_list (yylval.word_list);
- break;
- case ARITH_FOR_EXPRS:
- if (yylval.word_list)
- t = string_list_internal (yylval.word_list, " ; ");
- break;
- case COND_CMD:
- t = (char *)NULL; /* punt */
- break;
- }
-
- return t;
-}
-
-static char *
-error_token_from_text ()
-{
- char *msg, *t;
- int token_end, i;
-
- t = shell_input_line;
- i = shell_input_line_index;
- token_end = 0;
- msg = (char *)NULL;
-
- if (i && t[i] == '\0')
- i--;
-
- while (i && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
- i--;
-
- if (i)
- token_end = i + 1;
-
- while (i && (member (t[i], " \n\t;|&") == 0))
- i--;
-
- while (i != token_end && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
- i++;
-
- /* Return our idea of the offending token. */
- if (token_end || (i == 0 && token_end == 0))
- {
- if (token_end)
- msg = substring (t, i, token_end);
- else /* one-character token */
- {
- msg = (char *)xmalloc (2);
- msg[0] = t[i];
- msg[1] = '\0';
- }
- }
-
- return (msg);
-}
-
-static void
-print_offending_line ()
-{
- char *msg;
- int token_end;
-
- msg = savestring (shell_input_line);
- token_end = strlen (msg);
- while (token_end && msg[token_end - 1] == '\n')
- msg[--token_end] = '\0';
-
- parser_error (line_number, "`%s'", msg);
- free (msg);
-}
-
-/* Report a syntax error with line numbers, etc.
- Call here for recoverable errors. If you have a message to print,
- then place it in MESSAGE, otherwise pass NULL and this will figure
- out an appropriate message for you. */
-static void
-report_syntax_error (message)
- char *message;
-{
- char *msg, *p;
-
- if (message)
- {
- parser_error (line_number, "%s", message);
- if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
- EOF_Reached = 0;
- last_command_exit_value = parse_and_execute_level ? EX_BADSYNTAX : EX_BADUSAGE;
- return;
- }
-
- /* If the line of input we're reading is not null, try to find the
- objectionable token. First, try to figure out what token the
- parser's complaining about by looking at current_token. */
- if (current_token != 0 && EOF_Reached == 0 && (msg = error_token_from_token (current_token)))
- {
- if (ansic_shouldquote (msg))
- {
- p = ansic_quote (msg, 0, NULL);
- free (msg);
- msg = p;
- }
- parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"), msg);
- free (msg);
-
- if (interactive == 0)
- print_offending_line ();
-
- last_command_exit_value = parse_and_execute_level ? EX_BADSYNTAX : EX_BADUSAGE;
- return;
- }
-
- /* If looking at the current token doesn't prove fruitful, try to find the
- offending token by analyzing the text of the input line near the current
- input line index and report what we find. */
- if (shell_input_line && *shell_input_line)
- {
- msg = error_token_from_text ();
- if (msg)
- {
- parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near `%s'"), msg);
- free (msg);
- }
-
- /* If not interactive, print the line containing the error. */
- if (interactive == 0)
- print_offending_line ();
- }
- else
- {
- msg = EOF_Reached ? _("syntax error: unexpected end of file") : _("syntax error");
- parser_error (line_number, "%s", msg);
- /* When the shell is interactive, this file uses EOF_Reached
- only for error reporting. Other mechanisms are used to
- decide whether or not to exit. */
- if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
- EOF_Reached = 0;
- }
-
- last_command_exit_value = parse_and_execute_level ? EX_BADSYNTAX : EX_BADUSAGE;
-}
-
-/* ??? Needed function. ??? We have to be able to discard the constructs
- created during parsing. In the case of error, we want to return
- allocated objects to the memory pool. In the case of no error, we want
- to throw away the information about where the allocated objects live.
- (dispose_command () will actually free the command.) */
-static void
-discard_parser_constructs (error_p)
- int error_p;
-{
-}
-
-/************************************************
- * *
- * EOF HANDLING *
- * *
- ************************************************/
-
-/* Do that silly `type "bye" to exit' stuff. You know, "ignoreeof". */
-
-/* A flag denoting whether or not ignoreeof is set. */
-int ignoreeof = 0;
-
-/* The number of times that we have encountered an EOF character without
- another character intervening. When this gets above the limit, the
- shell terminates. */
-int eof_encountered = 0;
-
-/* The limit for eof_encountered. */
-int eof_encountered_limit = 10;
-
-/* If we have EOF as the only input unit, this user wants to leave
- the shell. If the shell is not interactive, then just leave.
- Otherwise, if ignoreeof is set, and we haven't done this the
- required number of times in a row, print a message. */
-static void
-handle_eof_input_unit ()
-{
- if (interactive)
- {
- /* shell.c may use this to decide whether or not to write out the
- history, among other things. We use it only for error reporting
- in this file. */
- if (EOF_Reached)
- EOF_Reached = 0;
-
- /* If the user wants to "ignore" eof, then let her do so, kind of. */
- if (ignoreeof)
- {
- if (eof_encountered < eof_encountered_limit)
- {
- fprintf (stderr, _("Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"),
- login_shell ? "logout" : "exit");
- eof_encountered++;
- /* Reset the parsing state. */
- last_read_token = current_token = '\n';
- /* Reset the prompt string to be $PS1. */
- prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
- prompt_again ();
- return;
- }
- }
-
- /* In this case EOF should exit the shell. Do it now. */
- reset_parser ();
- exit_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- }
- else
- {
- /* We don't write history files, etc., for non-interactive shells. */
- EOF_Reached = 1;
- }
-}
-
-/************************************************
- * *
- * STRING PARSING FUNCTIONS *
- * *
- ************************************************/
-
-/* It's very important that these two functions treat the characters
- between ( and ) identically. */
-
-static WORD_LIST parse_string_error;
-
-/* Take a string and run it through the shell parser, returning the
- resultant word list. Used by compound array assignment. */
-WORD_LIST *
-parse_string_to_word_list (s, flags, whom)
- char *s;
- int flags;
- const char *whom;
-{
- WORD_LIST *wl;
- int tok, orig_current_token, orig_line_number, orig_input_terminator;
- int orig_line_count;
- int old_echo_input, old_expand_aliases;
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- int old_remember_on_history, old_history_expansion_inhibited;
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- old_remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
-# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- old_history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
-# endif
- bash_history_disable ();
-#endif
-
- orig_line_number = line_number;
- orig_line_count = current_command_line_count;
- orig_input_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
- old_echo_input = echo_input_at_read;
- old_expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
-
- push_stream (1);
- last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
- current_command_line_count = 0;
- echo_input_at_read = expand_aliases = 0;
-
- with_input_from_string (s, whom);
- wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
- if (flags & 1)
- parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN|PST_REPARSE;
-
- while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != yacc_EOF)
- {
- if (tok == '\n' && *bash_input.location.string == '\0')
- break;
- if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
- continue;
- if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
- {
- line_number = orig_line_number + line_number - 1;
- orig_current_token = current_token;
- current_token = tok;
- yyerror (NULL); /* does the right thing */
- current_token = orig_current_token;
- if (wl)
- dispose_words (wl);
- wl = &parse_string_error;
- break;
- }
- wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
- }
-
- last_read_token = '\n';
- pop_stream ();
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- remember_on_history = old_remember_on_history;
-# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- history_expansion_inhibited = old_history_expansion_inhibited;
-# endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
- echo_input_at_read = old_echo_input;
- expand_aliases = old_expand_aliases;
-
- current_command_line_count = orig_line_count;
- shell_input_line_terminator = orig_input_terminator;
-
- if (flags & 1)
- parser_state &= ~(PST_COMPASSIGN|PST_REPARSE);
-
- if (wl == &parse_string_error)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
- jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
- else
- jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
-
- return (REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *));
-}
-
-static char *
-parse_compound_assignment (retlenp)
- int *retlenp;
-{
- WORD_LIST *wl, *rl;
- int tok, orig_line_number, orig_token_size, orig_last_token, assignok;
- char *saved_token, *ret;
-
- saved_token = token;
- orig_token_size = token_buffer_size;
- orig_line_number = line_number;
- orig_last_token = last_read_token;
-
- last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
-
- token = (char *)NULL;
- token_buffer_size = 0;
-
- assignok = parser_state&PST_ASSIGNOK; /* XXX */
-
- wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* ( */
- parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN;
-
- while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != ')')
- {
- if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
- {
- if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
- prompt_again ();
- continue;
- }
- if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
- {
- current_token = tok; /* for error reporting */
- if (tok == yacc_EOF) /* ( */
- parser_error (orig_line_number, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"));
- else
- yyerror(NULL); /* does the right thing */
- if (wl)
- dispose_words (wl);
- wl = &parse_string_error;
- break;
- }
- wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
- }
-
- FREE (token);
- token = saved_token;
- token_buffer_size = orig_token_size;
-
- parser_state &= ~PST_COMPASSIGN;
-
- if (wl == &parse_string_error)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- last_read_token = '\n'; /* XXX */
- if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
- jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
- else
- jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
-
- last_read_token = orig_last_token; /* XXX - was WORD? */
-
- if (wl)
- {
- rl = REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *);
- ret = string_list (rl);
- dispose_words (rl);
- }
- else
- ret = (char *)NULL;
-
- if (retlenp)
- *retlenp = (ret && *ret) ? strlen (ret) : 0;
-
- if (assignok)
- parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-/************************************************
- * *
- * SAVING AND RESTORING PARTIAL PARSE STATE *
- * *
- ************************************************/
-
-sh_parser_state_t *
-save_parser_state (ps)
- sh_parser_state_t *ps;
-{
- if (ps == 0)
- ps = (sh_parser_state_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (sh_parser_state_t));
- if (ps == 0)
- return ((sh_parser_state_t *)NULL);
-
- ps->parser_state = parser_state;
- ps->token_state = save_token_state ();
-
- ps->input_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
- ps->eof_encountered = eof_encountered;
-
- ps->prompt_string_pointer = prompt_string_pointer;
-
- ps->current_command_line_count = current_command_line_count;
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- ps->remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
-# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- ps->history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
-# endif
-#endif
-
- ps->last_command_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- ps->pipestatus = save_pipestatus_array ();
-#endif
-
- ps->last_shell_builtin = last_shell_builtin;
- ps->this_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin;
-
- ps->expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
- ps->echo_input_at_read = echo_input_at_read;
-
- ps->token = token;
- ps->token_buffer_size = token_buffer_size;
- /* Force reallocation on next call to read_token_word */
- token = 0;
- token_buffer_size = 0;
-
- return (ps);
-}
-
-void
-restore_parser_state (ps)
- sh_parser_state_t *ps;
-{
- if (ps == 0)
- return;
-
- parser_state = ps->parser_state;
- if (ps->token_state)
- {
- restore_token_state (ps->token_state);
- free (ps->token_state);
- }
-
- shell_input_line_terminator = ps->input_line_terminator;
- eof_encountered = ps->eof_encountered;
-
- prompt_string_pointer = ps->prompt_string_pointer;
-
- current_command_line_count = ps->current_command_line_count;
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- remember_on_history = ps->remember_on_history;
-# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- history_expansion_inhibited = ps->history_expansion_inhibited;
-# endif
-#endif
-
- last_command_exit_value = ps->last_command_exit_value;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- restore_pipestatus_array (ps->pipestatus);
-#endif
-
- last_shell_builtin = ps->last_shell_builtin;
- this_shell_builtin = ps->this_shell_builtin;
-
- expand_aliases = ps->expand_aliases;
- echo_input_at_read = ps->echo_input_at_read;
-
- FREE (token);
- token = ps->token;
- token_buffer_size = ps->token_buffer_size;
-}
-
-sh_input_line_state_t *
-save_input_line_state (ls)
- sh_input_line_state_t *ls;
-{
- if (ls == 0)
- ls = (sh_input_line_state_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (sh_input_line_state_t));
- if (ls == 0)
- return ((sh_input_line_state_t *)NULL);
-
- ls->input_line = shell_input_line;
- ls->input_line_size = shell_input_line_size;
- ls->input_line_len = shell_input_line_len;
- ls->input_line_index = shell_input_line_index;
-
- /* force reallocation */
- shell_input_line = 0;
- shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line_index = 0;
-
- return ls;
-}
-
-void
-restore_input_line_state (ls)
- sh_input_line_state_t *ls;
-{
- FREE (shell_input_line);
- shell_input_line = ls->input_line;
- shell_input_line_size = ls->input_line_size;
- shell_input_line_len = ls->input_line_len;
- shell_input_line_index = ls->input_line_index;
-
- set_line_mbstate ();
-}
-
-/************************************************
- * *
- * MULTIBYTE CHARACTER HANDLING *
- * *
- ************************************************/
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-static void
-set_line_mbstate ()
-{
- int c;
- size_t i, previ, len;
- mbstate_t mbs, prevs;
- size_t mbclen;
-
- if (shell_input_line == NULL)
- return;
- len = strlen (shell_input_line); /* XXX - shell_input_line_len ? */
- FREE (shell_input_line_property);
- shell_input_line_property = (char *)xmalloc (len + 1);
-
- memset (&prevs, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
- for (i = previ = 0; i < len; i++)
- {
- mbs = prevs;
-
- c = shell_input_line[i];
- if (c == EOF)
- {
- size_t j;
- for (j = i; j < len; j++)
- shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
- break;
- }
-
- mbclen = mbrlen (shell_input_line + previ, i - previ + 1, &mbs);
- if (mbclen == 1 || mbclen == (size_t)-1)
- {
- mbclen = 1;
- previ = i + 1;
- }
- else if (mbclen == (size_t)-2)
- mbclen = 0;
- else if (mbclen > 1)
- {
- mbclen = 0;
- previ = i + 1;
- prevs = mbs;
- }
- else
- {
- /* XXX - what to do if mbrlen returns 0? (null wide character) */
- size_t j;
- for (j = i; j < len; j++)
- shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
- break;
- }
-
- shell_input_line_property[i] = mbclen;
- }
-}
-#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
+++ /dev/null
-/* subst.c -- The part of the shell that does parameter, command, arithmetic,
- and globbing substitutions. */
-
-/* ``Have a little faith, there's magic in the night. You ain't a
- beauty, but, hey, you're alright.'' */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#include "config.h"
-
-#include "bashtypes.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "chartypes.h"
-#if defined (HAVE_PWD_H)
-# include <pwd.h>
-#endif
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#include "bashansi.h"
-#include "posixstat.h"
-#include "bashintl.h"
-
-#include "shell.h"
-#include "parser.h"
-#include "flags.h"
-#include "jobs.h"
-#include "execute_cmd.h"
-#include "filecntl.h"
-#include "trap.h"
-#include "pathexp.h"
-#include "mailcheck.h"
-
-#include "shmbutil.h"
-#include "typemax.h"
-
-#include "builtins/getopt.h"
-#include "builtins/common.h"
-
-#include "builtins/builtext.h"
-
-#include <tilde/tilde.h>
-#include <glob/strmatch.h>
-
-#if !defined (errno)
-extern int errno;
-#endif /* !errno */
-
-/* The size that strings change by. */
-#define DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE 112
-#define DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE 128
-
-/* Variable types. */
-#define VT_VARIABLE 0
-#define VT_POSPARMS 1
-#define VT_ARRAYVAR 2
-#define VT_ARRAYMEMBER 3
-#define VT_ASSOCVAR 4
-
-#define VT_STARSUB 128 /* $* or ${array[*]} -- used to split */
-
-/* Flags for quoted_strchr */
-#define ST_BACKSL 0x01
-#define ST_CTLESC 0x02
-#define ST_SQUOTE 0x04 /* unused yet */
-#define ST_DQUOTE 0x08 /* unused yet */
-
-/* Flags for the `pflags' argument to param_expand() */
-#define PF_NOCOMSUB 0x01 /* Do not perform command substitution */
-#define PF_IGNUNBOUND 0x02 /* ignore unbound vars even if -u set */
-#define PF_NOSPLIT2 0x04 /* same as W_NOSPLIT2 */
-#define PF_ASSIGNRHS 0x08 /* same as W_ASSIGNRHS */
-
-/* These defs make it easier to use the editor. */
-#define LBRACE '{'
-#define RBRACE '}'
-#define LPAREN '('
-#define RPAREN ')'
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-#define WLPAREN L'('
-#define WRPAREN L')'
-#endif
-
-/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters whose length
- can be taken, but is also one of the special expansion characters. */
-#define VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM(c) \
- ((c) == '-' || (c) == '?' || (c) == '#')
-
-/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters for which an
- indirect variable reference may be made. */
-#define VALID_INDIR_PARAM(c) \
- ((posixly_correct == 0 && (c) == '#') || (posixly_correct == 0 && (c) == '?') || (c) == '@' || (c) == '*')
-
-/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the OP characters that follows the parameter
- in ${parameter[:]OPword}. */
-#define VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR(c) (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)c] & CSUBSTOP)
-
-/* Evaluates to 1 if this is one of the shell's special variables. */
-#define SPECIAL_VAR(name, wi) \
- ((DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name)) || \
- (name[1] == '\0' && (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)*name] & CSPECVAR)) || \
- (wi && name[2] == '\0' && VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1])))
-
-/* An expansion function that takes a string and a quoted flag and returns
- a WORD_LIST *. Used as the type of the third argument to
- expand_string_if_necessary(). */
-typedef WORD_LIST *EXPFUNC __P((char *, int));
-
-/* Process ID of the last command executed within command substitution. */
-pid_t last_command_subst_pid = NO_PID;
-pid_t current_command_subst_pid = NO_PID;
-
-/* Variables used to keep track of the characters in IFS. */
-SHELL_VAR *ifs_var;
-char *ifs_value;
-unsigned char ifs_cmap[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
-int ifs_is_set, ifs_is_null;
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-unsigned char ifs_firstc[MB_LEN_MAX];
-size_t ifs_firstc_len;
-#else
-unsigned char ifs_firstc;
-#endif
-
-/* Sentinel to tell when we are performing variable assignments preceding a
- command name and putting them into the environment. Used to make sure
- we use the temporary environment when looking up variable values. */
-int assigning_in_environment;
-
-/* Used to hold a list of variable assignments preceding a command. Global
- so the SIGCHLD handler in jobs.c can unwind-protect it when it runs a
- SIGCHLD trap and so it can be saved and restored by the trap handlers. */
-WORD_LIST *subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
-/* Extern functions and variables from different files. */
-extern int last_command_exit_value, last_command_exit_signal;
-extern int subshell_environment, line_number;
-extern int subshell_level, parse_and_execute_level, sourcelevel;
-extern int eof_encountered;
-extern int return_catch_flag, return_catch_value;
-extern pid_t dollar_dollar_pid;
-extern int posixly_correct;
-extern char *this_command_name;
-extern struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close;
-extern int wordexp_only;
-extern int expanding_redir;
-extern int tempenv_assign_error;
-extern int builtin_ignoring_errexit;
-
-#if !defined (HAVE_WCSDUP) && defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-extern wchar_t *wcsdup __P((const wchar_t *));
-#endif
-
-/* Non-zero means to allow unmatched globbed filenames to expand to
- a null file. */
-int allow_null_glob_expansion;
-
-/* Non-zero means to throw an error when globbing fails to match anything. */
-int fail_glob_expansion;
-
-#if 0
-/* Variables to keep track of which words in an expanded word list (the
- output of expand_word_list_internal) are the result of globbing
- expansions. GLOB_ARGV_FLAGS is used by execute_cmd.c.
- (CURRENTLY UNUSED). */
-char *glob_argv_flags;
-static int glob_argv_flags_size;
-#endif
-
-static WORD_LIST expand_word_error, expand_word_fatal;
-static WORD_DESC expand_wdesc_error, expand_wdesc_fatal;
-static char expand_param_error, expand_param_fatal;
-static char extract_string_error, extract_string_fatal;
-
-/* Tell the expansion functions to not longjmp back to top_level on fatal
- errors. Enabled when doing completion and prompt string expansion. */
-static int no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0;
-
-/* Set by expand_word_unsplit; used to inhibit splitting and re-joining
- $* on $IFS, primarily when doing assignment statements. */
-static int expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
-
-/* A WORD_LIST of words to be expanded by expand_word_list_internal,
- without any leading variable assignments. */
-static WORD_LIST *garglist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
-static char *quoted_substring __P((char *, int, int));
-static int quoted_strlen __P((char *));
-static char *quoted_strchr __P((char *, int, int));
-
-static char *expand_string_if_necessary __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *));
-static inline char *expand_string_to_string_internal __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *));
-static WORD_LIST *call_expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *));
-static WORD_LIST *expand_string_internal __P((char *, int));
-static WORD_LIST *expand_string_leave_quoted __P((char *, int));
-static WORD_LIST *expand_string_for_rhs __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
-
-static WORD_LIST *list_quote_escapes __P((WORD_LIST *));
-static char *make_quoted_char __P((int));
-static WORD_LIST *quote_list __P((WORD_LIST *));
-
-static int unquoted_substring __P((char *, char *));
-static int unquoted_member __P((int, char *));
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *do_compound_assignment __P((char *, char *, int));
-#endif
-static int do_assignment_internal __P((const WORD_DESC *, int));
-
-static char *string_extract_verbatim __P((char *, size_t, int *, char *, int));
-static char *string_extract __P((char *, int *, char *, int));
-static char *string_extract_double_quoted __P((char *, int *, int));
-static inline char *string_extract_single_quoted __P((char *, int *));
-static inline int skip_single_quoted __P((const char *, size_t, int));
-static int skip_double_quoted __P((char *, size_t, int));
-static char *extract_delimited_string __P((char *, int *, char *, char *, char *, int));
-static char *extract_dollar_brace_string __P((char *, int *, int, int));
-static int skip_matched_pair __P((const char *, int, int, int, int));
-
-static char *pos_params __P((char *, int, int, int));
-
-static unsigned char *mb_getcharlens __P((char *, int));
-
-static char *remove_upattern __P((char *, char *, int));
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-static wchar_t *remove_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, size_t, wchar_t *, int));
-#endif
-static char *remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int));
-
-static int match_upattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **));
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-static int match_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, char **, size_t, wchar_t *, int, char **, char **));
-#endif
-static int match_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **));
-static int getpatspec __P((int, char *));
-static char *getpattern __P((char *, int, int));
-static char *variable_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, int));
-static char *list_remove_pattern __P((WORD_LIST *, char *, int, int, int));
-static char *parameter_list_remove_pattern __P((int, char *, int, int));
-#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
-static char *array_remove_pattern __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, int, char *, int));
-#endif
-static char *parameter_brace_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int, int, int));
-
-static char *process_substitute __P((char *, int));
-
-static char *read_comsub __P((int, int, int *));
-
-#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
-static arrayind_t array_length_reference __P((char *));
-#endif
-
-static int valid_brace_expansion_word __P((char *, int));
-static int chk_atstar __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
-static int chk_arithsub __P((const char *, int));
-
-static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_word __P((char *, int, int, int, arrayind_t *));
-static char *parameter_brace_find_indir __P((char *, int, int, int));
-static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_indir __P((char *, int, int, int *, int *));
-static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_rhs __P((char *, char *, int, int, int *, int *));
-static void parameter_brace_expand_error __P((char *, char *));
-
-static int valid_length_expression __P((char *));
-static intmax_t parameter_brace_expand_length __P((char *));
-
-static char *skiparith __P((char *, int));
-static int verify_substring_values __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, char *, int, intmax_t *, intmax_t *));
-static int get_var_and_type __P((char *, char *, arrayind_t, int, int, SHELL_VAR **, char **));
-static char *mb_substring __P((char *, int, int));
-static char *parameter_brace_substring __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int, int));
-
-static int shouldexp_replacement __P((char *));
-
-static char *pos_params_pat_subst __P((char *, char *, char *, int));
-
-static char *parameter_brace_patsub __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int, int));
-
-static char *pos_params_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, int));
-static char *parameter_brace_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, int, char *, int, int));
-
-static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int, int *, int *));
-static WORD_DESC *param_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int *, int *, int *, int *, int));
-
-static WORD_LIST *expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *));
-
-static WORD_LIST *word_list_split __P((WORD_LIST *));
-
-static void exp_jump_to_top_level __P((int));
-
-static WORD_LIST *separate_out_assignments __P((WORD_LIST *));
-static WORD_LIST *glob_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
-#ifdef BRACE_EXPANSION
-static WORD_LIST *brace_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
-#endif
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static int make_internal_declare __P((char *, char *));
-#endif
-static WORD_LIST *shell_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
-static WORD_LIST *expand_word_list_internal __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Utility Functions */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-#if defined (DEBUG)
-void
-dump_word_flags (flags)
- int flags;
-{
- int f;
-
- f = flags;
- fprintf (stderr, "%d -> ", f);
- if (f & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
- {
- f &= ~W_ASSIGNASSOC;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNASSOC%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_ASSIGNARRAY)
- {
- f &= ~W_ASSIGNARRAY;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNARRAY%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_HASCTLESC)
- {
- f &= ~W_HASCTLESC;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_HASCTLESC%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOPROCSUB)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOPROCSUB;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOPROCSUB%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_DQUOTE)
- {
- f &= ~W_DQUOTE;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_DQUOTE%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_HASQUOTEDNULL)
- {
- f &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_HASQUOTEDNULL%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_ASSIGNARG)
- {
- f &= ~W_ASSIGNARG;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNARG%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_ASSNBLTIN)
- {
- f &= ~W_ASSNBLTIN;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNBLTIN%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_ASSNGLOBAL)
- {
- f &= ~W_ASSNGLOBAL;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNGLOBAL%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_COMPASSIGN)
- {
- f &= ~W_COMPASSIGN;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_COMPASSIGN%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOEXPAND)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOEXPAND;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOEXPAND%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_ITILDE)
- {
- f &= ~W_ITILDE;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ITILDE%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOTILDE)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOTILDE;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOTILDE%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_ASSIGNRHS)
- {
- f &= ~W_ASSIGNRHS;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNRHS%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOCOMSUB)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOCOMSUB;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOCOMSUB%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_DOLLARSTAR)
- {
- f &= ~W_DOLLARSTAR;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARSTAR%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_DOLLARAT)
- {
- f &= ~W_DOLLARAT;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARAT%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_TILDEEXP)
- {
- f &= ~W_TILDEEXP;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_TILDEEXP%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOSPLIT2)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOSPLIT2;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT2%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOSPLIT)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOSPLIT;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOBRACE)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOBRACE;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOBRACE%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_NOGLOB)
- {
- f &= ~W_NOGLOB;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_NOGLOB%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_SPLITSPACE)
- {
- f &= ~W_SPLITSPACE;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_SPLITSPACE%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_ASSIGNMENT)
- {
- f &= ~W_ASSIGNMENT;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNMENT%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_QUOTED)
- {
- f &= ~W_QUOTED;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_QUOTED%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- if (f & W_HASDOLLAR)
- {
- f &= ~W_HASDOLLAR;
- fprintf (stderr, "W_HASDOLLAR%s", f ? "|" : "");
- }
- fprintf (stderr, "\n");
- fflush (stderr);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
-static char *
-quoted_substring (string, start, end)
- char *string;
- int start, end;
-{
- register int len, l;
- register char *result, *s, *r;
-
- len = end - start;
-
- /* Move to string[start], skipping quoted characters. */
- for (s = string, l = 0; *s && l < start; )
- {
- if (*s == CTLESC)
- {
- s++;
- continue;
- }
- l++;
- if (*s == 0)
- break;
- }
-
- r = result = (char *)xmalloc (2*len + 1); /* save room for quotes */
-
- /* Copy LEN characters, including quote characters. */
- s = string + l;
- for (l = 0; l < len; s++)
- {
- if (*s == CTLESC)
- *r++ = *s++;
- *r++ = *s;
- l++;
- if (*s == 0)
- break;
- }
- *r = '\0';
- return result;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
-/* Return the length of S, skipping over quoted characters */
-static int
-quoted_strlen (s)
- char *s;
-{
- register char *p;
- int i;
-
- i = 0;
- for (p = s; *p; p++)
- {
- if (*p == CTLESC)
- {
- p++;
- if (*p == 0)
- return (i + 1);
- }
- i++;
- }
-
- return i;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Find the first occurrence of character C in string S, obeying shell
- quoting rules. If (FLAGS & ST_BACKSL) is non-zero, backslash-escaped
- characters are skipped. If (FLAGS & ST_CTLESC) is non-zero, characters
- escaped with CTLESC are skipped. */
-static char *
-quoted_strchr (s, c, flags)
- char *s;
- int c, flags;
-{
- register char *p;
-
- for (p = s; *p; p++)
- {
- if (((flags & ST_BACKSL) && *p == '\\')
- || ((flags & ST_CTLESC) && *p == CTLESC))
- {
- p++;
- if (*p == '\0')
- return ((char *)NULL);
- continue;
- }
- else if (*p == c)
- return p;
- }
- return ((char *)NULL);
-}
-
-/* Return 1 if CHARACTER appears in an unquoted portion of
- STRING. Return 0 otherwise. CHARACTER must be a single-byte character. */
-static int
-unquoted_member (character, string)
- int character;
- char *string;
-{
- size_t slen;
- int sindex, c;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- sindex = 0;
- while (c = string[sindex])
- {
- if (c == character)
- return (1);
-
- switch (c)
- {
- default:
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
- break;
-
- case '\\':
- sindex++;
- if (string[sindex])
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
- break;
-
- case '\'':
- sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
- break;
-
- case '"':
- sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
- break;
- }
- }
- return (0);
-}
-
-/* Return 1 if SUBSTR appears in an unquoted portion of STRING. */
-static int
-unquoted_substring (substr, string)
- char *substr, *string;
-{
- size_t slen;
- int sindex, c, sublen;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- if (substr == 0 || *substr == '\0')
- return (0);
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- sublen = strlen (substr);
- for (sindex = 0; c = string[sindex]; )
- {
- if (STREQN (string + sindex, substr, sublen))
- return (1);
-
- switch (c)
- {
- case '\\':
- sindex++;
- if (string[sindex])
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
- break;
-
- case '\'':
- sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
- break;
-
- case '"':
- sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
- break;
-
- default:
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
- break;
- }
- }
- return (0);
-}
-
-/* Most of the substitutions must be done in parallel. In order
- to avoid using tons of unclear goto's, I have some functions
- for manipulating malloc'ed strings. They all take INDX, a
- pointer to an integer which is the offset into the string
- where manipulation is taking place. They also take SIZE, a
- pointer to an integer which is the current length of the
- character array for this string. */
-
-/* Append SOURCE to TARGET at INDEX. SIZE is the current amount
- of space allocated to TARGET. SOURCE can be NULL, in which
- case nothing happens. Gets rid of SOURCE by freeing it.
- Returns TARGET in case the location has changed. */
-INLINE char *
-sub_append_string (source, target, indx, size)
- char *source, *target;
- int *indx, *size;
-{
- if (source)
- {
- int srclen, n;
-
- srclen = STRLEN (source);
- if (srclen >= (int)(*size - *indx))
- {
- n = srclen + *indx;
- n = (n + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE) - (n % DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
- target = (char *)xrealloc (target, (*size = n));
- }
-
- FASTCOPY (source, target + *indx, srclen);
- *indx += srclen;
- target[*indx] = '\0';
-
- free (source);
- }
- return (target);
-}
-
-#if 0
-/* UNUSED */
-/* Append the textual representation of NUMBER to TARGET.
- INDX and SIZE are as in SUB_APPEND_STRING. */
-char *
-sub_append_number (number, target, indx, size)
- intmax_t number;
- int *indx, *size;
- char *target;
-{
- char *temp;
-
- temp = itos (number);
- return (sub_append_string (temp, target, indx, size));
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Extract a substring from STRING, starting at SINDEX and ending with
- one of the characters in CHARLIST. Don't make the ending character
- part of the string. Leave SINDEX pointing at the ending character.
- Understand about backslashes in the string. If (flags & SX_VARNAME)
- is non-zero, and array variables have been compiled into the shell,
- everything between a `[' and a corresponding `]' is skipped over.
- If (flags & SX_NOALLOC) is non-zero, don't return the substring, just
- update SINDEX. If (flags & SX_REQMATCH) is non-zero, the string must
- contain a closing character from CHARLIST. */
-static char *
-string_extract (string, sindex, charlist, flags)
- char *string;
- int *sindex;
- char *charlist;
- int flags;
-{
- register int c, i;
- int found;
- size_t slen;
- char *temp;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
- i = *sindex;
- found = 0;
- while (c = string[i])
- {
- if (c == '\\')
- {
- if (string[i + 1])
- i++;
- else
- break;
- }
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if ((flags & SX_VARNAME) && c == '[')
- {
- int ni;
- /* If this is an array subscript, skip over it and continue. */
- ni = skipsubscript (string, i, 0);
- if (string[ni] == ']')
- i = ni;
- }
-#endif
- else if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
- {
- found = 1;
- break;
- }
-
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
- /* If we had to have a matching delimiter and didn't find one, return an
- error and let the caller deal with it. */
- if ((flags & SX_REQMATCH) && found == 0)
- {
- *sindex = i;
- return (&extract_string_error);
- }
-
- temp = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i);
- *sindex = i;
-
- return (temp);
-}
-
-/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in double quotes.
- SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately
- following the opening double quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after
- the closing double quote. If STRIPDQ is non-zero, unquoted double
- quotes are stripped and the string is terminated by a null byte.
- Backslashes between the embedded double quotes are processed. If STRIPDQ
- is zero, an unquoted `"' terminates the string. */
-static char *
-string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex, stripdq)
- char *string;
- int *sindex, stripdq;
-{
- size_t slen;
- char *send;
- int j, i, t;
- unsigned char c;
- char *temp, *ret; /* The new string we return. */
- int pass_next, backquote, si; /* State variables for the machine. */
- int dquote;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
- send = string + slen;
-
- pass_next = backquote = dquote = 0;
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + slen - *sindex);
-
- j = 0;
- i = *sindex;
- while (c = string[i])
- {
- /* Process a character that was quoted by a backslash. */
- if (pass_next)
- {
- /* XXX - take another look at this in light of Interp 221 */
- /* Posix.2 sez:
-
- ``The backslash shall retain its special meaning as an escape
- character only when followed by one of the characters:
- $ ` " \ <newline>''.
-
- If STRIPDQ is zero, we handle the double quotes here and let
- expand_word_internal handle the rest. If STRIPDQ is non-zero,
- we have already been through one round of backslash stripping,
- and want to strip these backslashes only if DQUOTE is non-zero,
- indicating that we are inside an embedded double-quoted string. */
-
- /* If we are in an embedded quoted string, then don't strip
- backslashes before characters for which the backslash
- retains its special meaning, but remove backslashes in
- front of other characters. If we are not in an
- embedded quoted string, don't strip backslashes at all.
- This mess is necessary because the string was already
- surrounded by double quotes (and sh has some really weird
- quoting rules).
- The returned string will be run through expansion as if
- it were double-quoted. */
- if ((stripdq == 0 && c != '"') ||
- (stripdq && ((dquote && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE)) || dquote == 0)))
- temp[j++] = '\\';
- pass_next = 0;
-
-add_one_character:
- COPY_CHAR_I (temp, j, string, send, i);
- continue;
- }
-
- /* A backslash protects the next character. The code just above
- handles preserving the backslash in front of any character but
- a double quote. */
- if (c == '\\')
- {
- pass_next++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Inside backquotes, ``the portion of the quoted string from the
- initial backquote and the characters up to the next backquote
- that is not preceded by a backslash, having escape characters
- removed, defines that command''. */
- if (backquote)
- {
- if (c == '`')
- backquote = 0;
- temp[j++] = c;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- if (c == '`')
- {
- temp[j++] = c;
- backquote++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Pass everything between `$(' and the matching `)' or a quoted
- ${ ... } pair through according to the Posix.2 specification. */
- if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE)))
- {
- int free_ret = 1;
-
- si = i + 2;
- if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
- ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, 0);
- else
- ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0);
-
- temp[j++] = '$';
- temp[j++] = string[i + 1];
-
- /* Just paranoia; ret will not be 0 unless no_longjmp_on_fatal_error
- is set. */
- if (ret == 0 && no_longjmp_on_fatal_error)
- {
- free_ret = 0;
- ret = string + i + 2;
- }
-
- for (t = 0; ret[t]; t++, j++)
- temp[j] = ret[t];
- temp[j] = string[si];
-
- if (string[si])
- {
- j++;
- i = si + 1;
- }
- else
- i = si;
-
- if (free_ret)
- free (ret);
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Add any character but a double quote to the quoted string we're
- accumulating. */
- if (c != '"')
- goto add_one_character;
-
- /* c == '"' */
- if (stripdq)
- {
- dquote ^= 1;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- break;
- }
- temp[j] = '\0';
-
- /* Point to after the closing quote. */
- if (c)
- i++;
- *sindex = i;
-
- return (temp);
-}
-
-/* This should really be another option to string_extract_double_quoted. */
-static int
-skip_double_quoted (string, slen, sind)
- char *string;
- size_t slen;
- int sind;
-{
- int c, i;
- char *ret;
- int pass_next, backquote, si;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- pass_next = backquote = 0;
- i = sind;
- while (c = string[i])
- {
- if (pass_next)
- {
- pass_next = 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '\\')
- {
- pass_next++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (backquote)
- {
- if (c == '`')
- backquote = 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '`')
- {
- backquote++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE)))
- {
- si = i + 2;
- if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
- ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, SX_NOALLOC);
- else
- ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, SX_NOALLOC);
-
- i = si + 1;
- continue;
- }
- else if (c != '"')
- {
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else
- break;
- }
-
- if (c)
- i++;
-
- return (i);
-}
-
-/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in single quotes.
- SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately
- following the opening single quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after
- the closing single quote. */
-static inline char *
-string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex)
- char *string;
- int *sindex;
-{
- register int i;
- size_t slen;
- char *t;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- /* Don't need slen for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
- i = *sindex;
- while (string[i] && string[i] != '\'')
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
-
- t = substring (string, *sindex, i);
-
- if (string[i])
- i++;
- *sindex = i;
-
- return (t);
-}
-
-static inline int
-skip_single_quoted (string, slen, sind)
- const char *string;
- size_t slen;
- int sind;
-{
- register int c;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- c = sind;
- while (string[c] && string[c] != '\'')
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, c);
-
- if (string[c])
- c++;
- return c;
-}
-
-/* Just like string_extract, but doesn't hack backslashes or any of
- that other stuff. Obeys CTLESC quoting. Used to do splitting on $IFS. */
-static char *
-string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, sindex, charlist, flags)
- char *string;
- size_t slen;
- int *sindex;
- char *charlist;
- int flags;
-{
- register int i;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- size_t clen;
- wchar_t *wcharlist;
-#endif
- int c;
- char *temp;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- if (charlist[0] == '\'' && charlist[1] == '\0')
- {
- temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex);
- --*sindex; /* leave *sindex at separator character */
- return temp;
- }
-
- i = *sindex;
-#if 0
- /* See how the MBLEN and ADVANCE_CHAR macros work to understand why we need
- this only if MB_CUR_MAX > 1. */
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 1;
-#endif
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- clen = strlen (charlist);
- wcharlist = 0;
-#endif
- while (c = string[i])
- {
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- size_t mblength;
-#endif
- if ((flags & SX_NOCTLESC) == 0 && c == CTLESC)
- {
- i += 2;
- continue;
- }
- /* Even if flags contains SX_NOCTLESC, we let CTLESC quoting CTLNUL
- through, to protect the CTLNULs from later calls to
- remove_quoted_nulls. */
- else if ((flags & SX_NOESCCTLNUL) == 0 && c == CTLESC && string[i+1] == CTLNUL)
- {
- i += 2;
- continue;
- }
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- mblength = MBLEN (string + i, slen - i);
- if (mblength > 1)
- {
- wchar_t wc;
- mblength = mbtowc (&wc, string + i, slen - i);
- if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
- {
- if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
- break;
- }
- else
- {
- if (wcharlist == 0)
- {
- size_t len;
- len = mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, 0);
- if (len == -1)
- len = 0;
- wcharlist = (wchar_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * (len + 1));
- mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, len + 1);
- }
-
- if (wcschr (wcharlist, wc))
- break;
- }
- }
- else
-#endif
- if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
- break;
-
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- FREE (wcharlist);
-#endif
-
- temp = substring (string, *sindex, i);
- *sindex = i;
-
- return (temp);
-}
-
-/* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
- Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(".
- Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". )
- XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */
-char *
-extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags)
- char *string;
- int *sindex;
- int xflags;
-{
- if (string[*sindex] == LPAREN)
- return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$(", "(", ")", xflags|SX_COMMAND)); /*)*/
- else
- {
- xflags |= (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error ? SX_NOLONGJMP : 0);
- return (xparse_dolparen (string, string+*sindex, sindex, xflags));
- }
-}
-
-/* Extract the $[ construct in STRING, and return a new string. (])
- Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$[".
- Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching "]". */
-char *
-extract_arithmetic_subst (string, sindex)
- char *string;
- int *sindex;
-{
- return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$[", "[", "]", 0)); /*]*/
-}
-
-#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
-/* Extract the <( or >( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
- Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "<(".
- Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". */ /*))*/
-char *
-extract_process_subst (string, starter, sindex)
- char *string;
- char *starter;
- int *sindex;
-{
- return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, starter, "(", ")", SX_COMMAND));
-}
-#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-/* This can be fooled by unquoted right parens in the passed string. If
- each caller verifies that the last character in STRING is a right paren,
- we don't even need to call extract_delimited_string. */
-char *
-extract_array_assignment_list (string, sindex)
- char *string;
- int *sindex;
-{
- int slen;
- char *ret;
-
- slen = strlen (string); /* ( */
- if (string[slen - 1] == ')')
- {
- ret = substring (string, *sindex, slen - 1);
- *sindex = slen - 1;
- return ret;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Extract and create a new string from the contents of STRING, a
- character string delimited with OPENER and CLOSER. SINDEX is
- the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING;
- it should point to just after the first OPENER found. On exit,
- SINDEX gets the position of the last character of the matching CLOSER.
- If OPENER is more than a single character, ALT_OPENER, if non-null,
- contains a character string that can also match CLOSER and thus
- needs to be skipped. */
-static char *
-extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags)
- char *string;
- int *sindex;
- char *opener, *alt_opener, *closer;
- int flags;
-{
- int i, c, si;
- size_t slen;
- char *t, *result;
- int pass_character, nesting_level, in_comment;
- int len_closer, len_opener, len_alt_opener;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
- len_opener = STRLEN (opener);
- len_alt_opener = STRLEN (alt_opener);
- len_closer = STRLEN (closer);
-
- pass_character = in_comment = 0;
-
- nesting_level = 1;
- i = *sindex;
-
- while (nesting_level)
- {
- c = string[i];
-
- if (c == 0)
- break;
-
- if (in_comment)
- {
- if (c == '\n')
- in_comment = 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
-
- if (pass_character) /* previous char was backslash */
- {
- pass_character = 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Not exactly right yet; should handle shell metacharacters and
- multibyte characters, too. See COMMENT_BEGIN define in parse.y */
- if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && c == '#' && (i == 0 || string[i - 1] == '\n' || shellblank (string[i - 1])))
- {
- in_comment = 1;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
-
- if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\')
- {
- pass_character++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Process a nested command substitution, but only if we're parsing an
- arithmetic substitution. */
- if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
- {
- si = i + 2;
- t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si + 1;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Process a nested OPENER. */
- if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener))
- {
- si = i + len_opener;
- t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si + 1;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Process a nested ALT_OPENER */
- if (len_alt_opener && STREQN (string + i, alt_opener, len_alt_opener))
- {
- si = i + len_alt_opener;
- t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, alt_opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si + 1;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* If the current substring terminates the delimited string, decrement
- the nesting level. */
- if (STREQN (string + i, closer, len_closer))
- {
- i += len_closer - 1; /* move to last byte of the closer */
- nesting_level--;
- if (nesting_level == 0)
- break;
- }
-
- /* Pass old-style command substitution through verbatim. */
- if (c == '`')
- {
- si = i + 1;
- t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si + 1;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Pass single-quoted and double-quoted strings through verbatim. */
- if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
- {
- si = i + 1;
- i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si)
- : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si);
- continue;
- }
-
- /* move past this character, which was not special. */
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
- if (c == 0 && nesting_level)
- {
- if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), closer, string);
- exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- else
- {
- *sindex = i;
- return (char *)NULL;
- }
- }
-
- si = i - *sindex - len_closer + 1;
- if (flags & SX_NOALLOC)
- result = (char *)NULL;
- else
- {
- result = (char *)xmalloc (1 + si);
- strncpy (result, string + *sindex, si);
- result[si] = '\0';
- }
- *sindex = i;
-
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Extract a parameter expansion expression within ${ and } from STRING.
- Obey the Posix.2 rules for finding the ending `}': count braces while
- skipping over enclosed quoted strings and command substitutions.
- SINDEX is the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING;
- it should point to just after the first `{' found. On exit, SINDEX
- gets the position of the matching `}'. QUOTED is non-zero if this
- occurs inside double quotes. */
-/* XXX -- this is very similar to extract_delimited_string -- XXX */
-static char *
-extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags)
- char *string;
- int *sindex, quoted, flags;
-{
- register int i, c;
- size_t slen;
- int pass_character, nesting_level, si, dolbrace_state;
- char *result, *t;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- pass_character = 0;
- nesting_level = 1;
- slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
-
- /* The handling of dolbrace_state needs to agree with the code in parse.y:
- parse_matched_pair(). The different initial value is to handle the
- case where this function is called to parse the word in
- ${param op word} (SX_WORD). */
- dolbrace_state = (flags & SX_WORD) ? DOLBRACE_WORD : DOLBRACE_PARAM;
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && (flags & SX_POSIXEXP))
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
-
- i = *sindex;
- while (c = string[i])
- {
- if (pass_character)
- {
- pass_character = 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
-
- /* CTLESCs and backslashes quote the next character. */
- if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\')
- {
- pass_character++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LBRACE)
- {
- nesting_level++;
- i += 2;
- continue;
- }
-
- if (c == RBRACE)
- {
- nesting_level--;
- if (nesting_level == 0)
- break;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Pass the contents of old-style command substitutions through
- verbatim. */
- if (c == '`')
- {
- si = i + 1;
- t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si + 1;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Pass the contents of new-style command substitutions and
- arithmetic substitutions through verbatim. */
- if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
- {
- si = i + 2;
- t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si + 1;
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Pass the contents of double-quoted strings through verbatim. */
- if (c == '"')
- {
- si = i + 1;
- i = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si);
- /* skip_XXX_quoted leaves index one past close quote */
- continue;
- }
-
- if (c == '\'')
- {
-/*itrace("extract_dollar_brace_string: c == single quote flags = %d quoted = %d dolbrace_state = %d", flags, quoted, dolbrace_state);*/
- if (posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 42 && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- else
- {
- si = i + 1;
- i = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si);
- }
-
- continue;
- }
-
- /* move past this character, which was not special. */
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
-
- /* This logic must agree with parse.y:parse_matched_pair, since they
- share the same defines. */
- if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '%' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '#' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '/' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE2; /* XXX */
- else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == '^' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && c == ',' && (i - *sindex) > 1)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
- else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", c) != 0)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_OP;
- else if (dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_OP && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", c) == 0)
- dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_WORD;
- }
-
- if (c == 0 && nesting_level)
- {
- if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0)
- { /* { */
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), "}", string);
- exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- else
- {
- *sindex = i;
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
- }
-
- result = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i);
- *sindex = i;
-
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies
- STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */
-char *
-de_backslash (string)
- char *string;
-{
- register size_t slen;
- register int i, j, prev_i;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- i = j = 0;
-
- /* Loop copying string[i] to string[j], i >= j. */
- while (i < slen)
- {
- if (string[i] == '\\' && (string[i + 1] == '`' || string[i + 1] == '\\' ||
- string[i + 1] == '$'))
- i++;
- prev_i = i;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- if (j < prev_i)
- do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i);
- else
- j = i;
- }
- string[j] = '\0';
-
- return (string);
-}
-
-#if 0
-/*UNUSED*/
-/* Replace instances of \! in a string with !. */
-void
-unquote_bang (string)
- char *string;
-{
- register int i, j;
- register char *temp;
-
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (string));
-
- for (i = 0, j = 0; (temp[j] = string[i]); i++, j++)
- {
- if (string[i] == '\\' && string[i + 1] == '!')
- {
- temp[j] = '!';
- i++;
- }
- }
- strcpy (string, temp);
- free (temp);
-}
-#endif
-
-#define CQ_RETURN(x) do { no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0; return (x); } while (0)
-
-/* This function assumes s[i] == open; returns with s[ret] == close; used to
- parse array subscripts. FLAGS & 1 means to not attempt to skip over
- matched pairs of quotes or backquotes, or skip word expansions; it is
- intended to be used after expansion has been performed and during final
- assignment parsing (see arrayfunc.c:assign_compound_array_list()). */
-static int
-skip_matched_pair (string, start, open, close, flags)
- const char *string;
- int start, open, close, flags;
-{
- int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, count;
- size_t slen;
- char *temp, *ss;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
- no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
-
- i = start + 1; /* skip over leading bracket */
- count = 1;
- pass_next = backq = 0;
- ss = (char *)string;
- while (c = string[i])
- {
- if (pass_next)
- {
- pass_next = 0;
- if (c == 0)
- CQ_RETURN(i);
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '\\')
- {
- pass_next = 1;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (backq)
- {
- if (c == '`')
- backq = 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == '`')
- {
- backq = 1;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == open)
- {
- count++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == close)
- {
- count--;
- if (count == 0)
- break;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && (c == '\'' || c == '"'))
- {
- i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (ss, slen, ++i)
- : skip_double_quoted (ss, slen, ++i);
- /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
- }
- else if ((flags&1) == 0 && c == '$' && (string[i+1] == LPAREN || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
- {
- si = i + 2;
- if (string[si] == '\0')
- CQ_RETURN(si);
-
- if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
- temp = extract_delimited_string (ss, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
- else
- temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (ss, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si;
- if (string[i] == '\0') /* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
- break;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
- CQ_RETURN(i);
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-int
-skipsubscript (string, start, flags)
- const char *string;
- int start, flags;
-{
- return (skip_matched_pair (string, start, '[', ']', flags));
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Skip characters in STRING until we find a character in DELIMS, and return
- the index of that character. START is the index into string at which we
- begin. This is similar in spirit to strpbrk, but it returns an index into
- STRING and takes a starting index. This little piece of code knows quite
- a lot of shell syntax. It's very similar to skip_double_quoted and other
- functions of that ilk. */
-int
-skip_to_delim (string, start, delims, flags)
- char *string;
- int start;
- char *delims;
- int flags;
-{
- int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, invert, skipquote, skipcmd;
- size_t slen;
- char *temp, open[3];
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
- if (flags & SD_NOJMP)
- no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
- invert = (flags & SD_INVERT);
- skipcmd = (flags & SD_NOSKIPCMD) == 0;
-
- i = start;
- pass_next = backq = 0;
- while (c = string[i])
- {
- /* If this is non-zero, we should not let quote characters be delimiters
- and the current character is a single or double quote. We should not
- test whether or not it's a delimiter until after we skip single- or
- double-quoted strings. */
- skipquote = ((flags & SD_NOQUOTEDELIM) && (c == '\'' || c =='"'));
- if (pass_next)
- {
- pass_next = 0;
- if (c == 0)
- CQ_RETURN(i);
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '\\')
- {
- pass_next = 1;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (backq)
- {
- if (c == '`')
- backq = 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '`')
- {
- backq = 1;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (skipquote == 0 && invert == 0 && member (c, delims))
- break;
- else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
- {
- i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
- : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
- /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
- }
- else if (c == '$' && ((skipcmd && string[i+1] == LPAREN) || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
- {
- si = i + 2;
- if (string[si] == '\0')
- CQ_RETURN(si);
-
- if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
- temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
- else
- temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
- i = si;
- if (string[i] == '\0') /* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
- break;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
- else if (skipcmd && (c == '<' || c == '>') && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
- {
- si = i + 2;
- if (string[si] == '\0')
- CQ_RETURN(si);
- temp = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &si);
- free (temp); /* no SX_ALLOC here */
- i = si;
- if (string[i] == '\0')
- break;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
-#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
- else if ((flags & SD_EXTGLOB) && extended_glob && string[i+1] == LPAREN && member (c, "?*+!@"))
- {
- si = i + 2;
- if (string[si] == '\0')
- CQ_RETURN(si);
-
- open[0] = c;
- open[1] = LPAREN;
- open[2] = '\0';
- temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, open, "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC); /* ) */
-
- i = si;
- if (string[i] == '\0') /* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
- break;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-#endif
- else if ((skipquote || invert) && (member (c, delims) == 0))
- break;
- else
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
- CQ_RETURN(i);
-}
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-/* Return 1 if the portion of STRING ending at EINDEX is quoted (there is
- an unclosed quoted string), or if the character at EINDEX is quoted
- by a backslash. NO_LONGJMP_ON_FATAL_ERROR is used to flag that the various
- single and double-quoted string parsing functions should not return an
- error if there are unclosed quotes or braces. The characters that this
- recognizes need to be the same as the contents of
- rl_completer_quote_characters. */
-
-int
-char_is_quoted (string, eindex)
- char *string;
- int eindex;
-{
- int i, pass_next, c;
- size_t slen;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
- i = pass_next = 0;
- while (i <= eindex)
- {
- c = string[i];
-
- if (pass_next)
- {
- pass_next = 0;
- if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */
- CQ_RETURN(1);
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '\\')
- {
- pass_next = 1;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
- {
- i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
- : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
- if (i > eindex)
- CQ_RETURN(1);
- /* no increment, the skip_xxx functions go one past end */
- }
- else
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
- CQ_RETURN(0);
-}
-
-int
-unclosed_pair (string, eindex, openstr)
- char *string;
- int eindex;
- char *openstr;
-{
- int i, pass_next, openc, olen;
- size_t slen;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- olen = strlen (openstr);
- i = pass_next = openc = 0;
- while (i <= eindex)
- {
- if (pass_next)
- {
- pass_next = 0;
- if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */
- return 0;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- continue;
- }
- else if (string[i] == '\\')
- {
- pass_next = 1;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- else if (STREQN (string + i, openstr, olen))
- {
- openc = 1 - openc;
- i += olen;
- }
- else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '"')
- {
- i = (string[i] == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, i)
- : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, i);
- if (i > eindex)
- return 0;
- }
- else
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
- return (openc);
-}
-
-/* Split STRING (length SLEN) at DELIMS, and return a WORD_LIST with the
- individual words. If DELIMS is NULL, the current value of $IFS is used
- to split the string, and the function follows the shell field splitting
- rules. SENTINEL is an index to look for. NWP, if non-NULL,
- gets the number of words in the returned list. CWP, if non-NULL, gets
- the index of the word containing SENTINEL. Non-whitespace chars in
- DELIMS delimit separate fields. */
-WORD_LIST *
-split_at_delims (string, slen, delims, sentinel, flags, nwp, cwp)
- char *string;
- int slen;
- char *delims;
- int sentinel, flags;
- int *nwp, *cwp;
-{
- int ts, te, i, nw, cw, ifs_split, dflags;
- char *token, *d, *d2;
- WORD_LIST *ret, *tl;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
- {
- if (nwp)
- *nwp = 0;
- if (cwp)
- *cwp = 0;
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- }
-
- d = (delims == 0) ? ifs_value : delims;
- ifs_split = delims == 0;
-
- /* Make d2 the non-whitespace characters in delims */
- d2 = 0;
- if (delims)
- {
- size_t slength;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- size_t mblength = 1;
-#endif
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slength = strlen (delims);
- d2 = (char *)xmalloc (slength + 1);
- i = ts = 0;
- while (delims[i])
- {
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- mbstate_t state_bak;
- state_bak = state;
- mblength = MBRLEN (delims + i, slength, &state);
- if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
- state = state_bak;
- else if (mblength > 1)
- {
- memcpy (d2 + ts, delims + i, mblength);
- ts += mblength;
- i += mblength;
- slength -= mblength;
- continue;
- }
-#endif
- if (whitespace (delims[i]) == 0)
- d2[ts++] = delims[i];
-
- i++;
- slength--;
- }
- d2[ts] = '\0';
- }
-
- ret = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
- /* Remove sequences of whitespace characters at the start of the string, as
- long as those characters are delimiters. */
- for (i = 0; member (string[i], d) && spctabnl (string[i]); i++)
- ;
- if (string[i] == '\0')
- return (ret);
-
- ts = i;
- nw = 0;
- cw = -1;
- dflags = flags|SD_NOJMP;
- while (1)
- {
- te = skip_to_delim (string, ts, d, dflags);
-
- /* If we have a non-whitespace delimiter character, use it to make a
- separate field. This is just about what $IFS splitting does and
- is closer to the behavior of the shell parser. */
- if (ts == te && d2 && member (string[ts], d2))
- {
- te = ts + 1;
- /* If we're using IFS splitting, the non-whitespace delimiter char
- and any additional IFS whitespace delimits a field. */
- if (ifs_split)
- while (member (string[te], d) && spctabnl (string[te]))
- te++;
- else
- while (member (string[te], d2))
- te++;
- }
-
- token = substring (string, ts, te);
-
- ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret);
- free (token);
- nw++;
-
- if (sentinel >= ts && sentinel <= te)
- cw = nw;
-
- /* If the cursor is at whitespace just before word start, set the
- sentinel word to the current word. */
- if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel == ts-1)
- cw = nw;
-
- /* If the cursor is at whitespace between two words, make a new, empty
- word, add it before (well, after, since the list is in reverse order)
- the word we just added, and set the current word to that one. */
- if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel < ts)
- {
- tl = make_word_list (make_word (""), ret->next);
- ret->next = tl;
- cw = nw;
- nw++;
- }
-
- if (string[te] == 0)
- break;
-
- i = te;
- while (member (string[i], d) && (ifs_split || spctabnl(string[i])))
- i++;
-
- if (string[i])
- ts = i;
- else
- break;
- }
-
- /* Special case for SENTINEL at the end of STRING. If we haven't found
- the word containing SENTINEL yet, and the index we're looking for is at
- the end of STRING (or past the end of the previously-found token,
- possible if the end of the line is composed solely of IFS whitespace)
- add an additional null argument and set the current word pointer to that. */
- if (cwp && cw == -1 && (sentinel >= slen || sentinel >= te))
- {
- if (whitespace (string[sentinel - 1]))
- {
- token = "";
- ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret);
- nw++;
- }
- cw = nw;
- }
-
- if (nwp)
- *nwp = nw;
- if (cwp)
- *cwp = cw;
-
- FREE (d2);
-
- return (REVERSE_LIST (ret, WORD_LIST *));
-}
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
-#if 0
-/* UNUSED */
-/* Extract the name of the variable to bind to from the assignment string. */
-char *
-assignment_name (string)
- char *string;
-{
- int offset;
- char *temp;
-
- offset = assignment (string, 0);
- if (offset == 0)
- return (char *)NULL;
- temp = substring (string, 0, offset);
- return (temp);
-}
-#endif
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Functions to convert strings to WORD_LISTs and vice versa */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Return a single string of all the words in LIST. SEP is the separator
- to put between individual elements of LIST in the output string. */
-char *
-string_list_internal (list, sep)
- WORD_LIST *list;
- char *sep;
-{
- register WORD_LIST *t;
- char *result, *r;
- int word_len, sep_len, result_size;
-
- if (list == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- /* Short-circuit quickly if we don't need to separate anything. */
- if (list->next == 0)
- return (savestring (list->word->word));
-
- /* This is nearly always called with either sep[0] == 0 or sep[1] == 0. */
- sep_len = STRLEN (sep);
- result_size = 0;
-
- for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
- {
- if (t != list)
- result_size += sep_len;
- result_size += strlen (t->word->word);
- }
-
- r = result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size + 1);
-
- for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
- {
- if (t != list && sep_len)
- {
- if (sep_len > 1)
- {
- FASTCOPY (sep, r, sep_len);
- r += sep_len;
- }
- else
- *r++ = sep[0];
- }
-
- word_len = strlen (t->word->word);
- FASTCOPY (t->word->word, r, word_len);
- r += word_len;
- }
-
- *r = '\0';
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, separating
- each word with a space. */
-char *
-string_list (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- return (string_list_internal (list, " "));
-}
-
-/* An external interface that can be used by the rest of the shell to
- obtain a string containing the first character in $IFS. Handles all
- the multibyte complications. If LENP is non-null, it is set to the
- length of the returned string. */
-char *
-ifs_firstchar (lenp)
- int *lenp;
-{
- char *ret;
- int len;
-
- ret = xmalloc (MB_LEN_MAX + 1);
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
- {
- ret[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
- ret[1] = '\0';
- len = ret[0] ? 1 : 0;
- }
- else
- {
- memcpy (ret, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
- ret[len = ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
- }
-#else
- ret[0] = ifs_firstc;
- ret[1] = '\0';
- len = ret[0] ? 0 : 1;
-#endif
-
- if (lenp)
- *lenp = len;
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the
- quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the
- expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands
- to a single field with the value of each parameter separated by the
- first character of the IFS variable, or by a <space> if IFS is unset." */
-char *
-string_list_dollar_star (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- char *ret;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-# if defined (__GNUC__)
- char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];
-# else
- char *sep = 0;
-# endif
-#else
- char sep[2];
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-# if !defined (__GNUC__)
- sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
-# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
- if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
- {
- sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
- sep[1] = '\0';
- }
- else
- {
- memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
- sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
- }
-#else
- sep[0] = ifs_firstc;
- sep[1] = '\0';
-#endif
-
- ret = string_list_internal (list, sep);
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__)
- free (sep);
-#endif
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Turn $@ into a string. If (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- is non-zero, the $@ appears within double quotes, and we should quote
- the list before converting it into a string. If IFS is unset, and the
- word is not quoted, we just need to quote CTLESC and CTLNUL characters
- in the words in the list, because the default value of $IFS is
- <space><tab><newline>, IFS characters in the words in the list should
- also be split. If IFS is null, and the word is not quoted, we need
- to quote the words in the list to preserve the positional parameters
- exactly. */
-char *
-string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted)
- WORD_LIST *list;
- int quoted;
-{
- char *ifs, *ret;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-# if defined (__GNUC__)
- char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];
-# else
- char *sep = 0;
-# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
-#else
- char sep[2];
-#endif
- WORD_LIST *tlist;
-
- /* XXX this could just be ifs = ifs_value; */
- ifs = ifs_var ? value_cell (ifs_var) : (char *)0;
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-# if !defined (__GNUC__)
- sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
-# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
- if (ifs && *ifs)
- {
- if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
- {
- sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
- sep[1] = '\0';
- }
- else
- {
- memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
- sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
- }
- }
- else
- {
- sep[0] = ' ';
- sep[1] = '\0';
- }
-#else
- sep[0] = (ifs == 0 || *ifs == 0) ? ' ' : *ifs;
- sep[1] = '\0';
-#endif
-
- /* XXX -- why call quote_list if ifs == 0? we can get away without doing
- it now that quote_escapes quotes spaces */
- tlist = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE))
- ? quote_list (list)
- : list_quote_escapes (list);
-
- ret = string_list_internal (tlist, sep);
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__)
- free (sep);
-#endif
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Turn the positional paramters into a string, understanding quoting and
- the various subtleties of using the first character of $IFS as the
- separator. Calls string_list_dollar_at, string_list_dollar_star, and
- string_list as appropriate. */
-char *
-string_list_pos_params (pchar, list, quoted)
- int pchar;
- WORD_LIST *list;
- int quoted;
-{
- char *ret;
- WORD_LIST *tlist;
-
- if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- {
- tlist = quote_list (list);
- word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist);
- ret = string_list_dollar_star (tlist);
- }
- else if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
- {
- tlist = quote_list (list);
- word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist);
- ret = string_list (tlist);
- }
- else if (pchar == '*')
- {
- /* Even when unquoted, string_list_dollar_star does the right thing
- making sure that the first character of $IFS is used as the
- separator. */
- ret = string_list_dollar_star (list);
- }
- else if (pchar == '@' && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- /* We use string_list_dollar_at, but only if the string is quoted, since
- that quotes the escapes if it's not, which we don't want. We could
- use string_list (the old code did), but that doesn't do the right
- thing if the first character of $IFS is not a space. We use
- string_list_dollar_star if the string is unquoted so we make sure that
- the elements of $@ are separated by the first character of $IFS for
- later splitting. */
- ret = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
- else if (pchar == '@')
- ret = string_list_dollar_star (list);
- else
- ret = string_list ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? quote_list (list) : list);
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Return the list of words present in STRING. Separate the string into
- words at any of the characters found in SEPARATORS. If QUOTED is
- non-zero then word in the list will have its quoted flag set, otherwise
- the quoted flag is left as make_word () deemed fit.
-
- This obeys the P1003.2 word splitting semantics. If `separators' is
- exactly <space><tab><newline>, then the splitting algorithm is that of
- the Bourne shell, which treats any sequence of characters from `separators'
- as a delimiter. If IFS is unset, which results in `separators' being set
- to "", no splitting occurs. If separators has some other value, the
- following rules are applied (`IFS white space' means zero or more
- occurrences of <space>, <tab>, or <newline>, as long as those characters
- are in `separators'):
-
- 1) IFS white space is ignored at the start and the end of the
- string.
- 2) Each occurrence of a character in `separators' that is not
- IFS white space, along with any adjacent occurrences of
- IFS white space delimits a field.
- 3) Any nonzero-length sequence of IFS white space delimits a field.
- */
-
-/* BEWARE! list_string strips null arguments. Don't call it twice and
- expect to have "" preserved! */
-
-/* This performs word splitting and quoted null character removal on
- STRING. */
-#define issep(c) \
- (((separators)[0]) ? ((separators)[1] ? isifs(c) \
- : (c) == (separators)[0]) \
- : 0)
-
-WORD_LIST *
-list_string (string, separators, quoted)
- register char *string, *separators;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result;
- WORD_DESC *t;
- char *current_word, *s;
- int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags;
- size_t slen;
-
- if (!string || !*string)
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' &&
- separators[1] == '\t' &&
- separators[2] == '\n' &&
- separators[3] == '\0';
- for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
- {
- if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC;
- else if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL;
- }
-
- slen = 0;
- /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as
- long as those characters appear in IFS. Do not do this if
- STRING is quoted or if there are no separator characters. */
- if (!quoted || !separators || !*separators)
- {
- for (s = string; *s && spctabnl (*s) && issep (*s); s++);
-
- if (!*s)
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- string = s;
- }
-
- /* OK, now STRING points to a word that does not begin with white space.
- The splitting algorithm is:
- extract a word, stopping at a separator
- skip sequences of spc, tab, or nl as long as they are separators
- This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
- for (result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, sindex = 0; string[sindex]; )
- {
- /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim
- unless multibyte chars are possible. */
- current_word = string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags);
- if (current_word == 0)
- break;
-
- /* If we have a quoted empty string, add a quoted null argument. We
- want to preserve the quoted null character iff this is a quoted
- empty string; otherwise the quoted null characters are removed
- below. */
- if (QUOTED_NULL (current_word))
- {
- t = alloc_word_desc ();
- t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0');
- t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- result = make_word_list (t, result);
- }
- else if (current_word[0] != '\0')
- {
- /* If we have something, then add it regardless. However,
- perform quoted null character removal on the current word. */
- remove_quoted_nulls (current_word);
- result = add_string_to_list (current_word, result);
- result->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* just to be sure */
- if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
- result->word->flags |= W_QUOTED;
- }
-
- /* If we're not doing sequences of separators in the traditional
- Bourne shell style, then add a quoted null argument. */
- else if (!sh_style_split && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
- {
- t = alloc_word_desc ();
- t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0');
- t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- result = make_word_list (t, result);
- }
-
- free (current_word);
-
- /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
- whitesep = string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]);
-
- /* Move past the current separator character. */
- if (string[sindex])
- {
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
- }
-
- /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are
- in the list of separators. */
- while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && issep (string[sindex]))
- sindex++;
-
- /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character
- is a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current
- field delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an
- empty field. Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
- if (string[sindex] && whitesep && issep (string[sindex]) && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
- {
- sindex++;
- /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any
- adjacent IFS white space, shall delimit a field. (SUSv3) */
- while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && isifs (string[sindex]))
- sindex++;
- }
- }
- return (REVERSE_LIST (result, WORD_LIST *));
-}
-
-/* Parse a single word from STRING, using SEPARATORS to separate fields.
- ENDPTR is set to the first character after the word. This is used by
- the `read' builtin. This is never called with SEPARATORS != $IFS;
- it should be simplified.
-
- XXX - this function is very similar to list_string; they should be
- combined - XXX */
-char *
-get_word_from_string (stringp, separators, endptr)
- char **stringp, *separators, **endptr;
-{
- register char *s;
- char *current_word;
- int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags;
- size_t slen;
-
- if (!stringp || !*stringp || !**stringp)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' &&
- separators[1] == '\t' &&
- separators[2] == '\n' &&
- separators[3] == '\0';
- for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
- {
- if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC;
- if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL;
- }
-
- s = *stringp;
- slen = 0;
-
- /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as
- long as those characters appear in IFS. */
- if (sh_style_split || !separators || !*separators)
- {
- for (; *s && spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s); s++);
-
- /* If the string is nothing but whitespace, update it and return. */
- if (!*s)
- {
- *stringp = s;
- if (endptr)
- *endptr = s;
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
- }
-
- /* OK, S points to a word that does not begin with white space.
- Now extract a word, stopping at a separator, save a pointer to
- the first character after the word, then skip sequences of spc,
- tab, or nl as long as they are separators.
-
- This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */
- sindex = 0;
- /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim
- unless multibyte chars are possible. */
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (s) : 1;
- current_word = string_extract_verbatim (s, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags);
-
- /* Set ENDPTR to the first character after the end of the word. */
- if (endptr)
- *endptr = s + sindex;
-
- /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
- whitesep = s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]);
-
- /* Move past the current separator character. */
- if (s[sindex])
- {
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (s, slen, sindex);
- }
-
- /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are
- in the list of separators. */
- while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex]))
- sindex++;
-
- /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character is
- a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current field
- delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an empty field.
- Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
- if (s[sindex] && whitesep && isifs (s[sindex]) && !spctabnl (s[sindex]))
- {
- sindex++;
- /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any adjacent
- IFS white space, shall delimit a field. */
- while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex]))
- sindex++;
- }
-
- /* Update STRING to point to the next field. */
- *stringp = s + sindex;
- return (current_word);
-}
-
-/* Remove IFS white space at the end of STRING. Start at the end
- of the string and walk backwards until the beginning of the string
- or we find a character that's not IFS white space and not CTLESC.
- Only let CTLESC escape a white space character if SAW_ESCAPE is
- non-zero. */
-char *
-strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace (string, separators, saw_escape)
- char *string, *separators;
- int saw_escape;
-{
- char *s;
-
- s = string + STRLEN (string) - 1;
- while (s > string && ((spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s)) ||
- (saw_escape && *s == CTLESC && spctabnl (s[1]))))
- s--;
- *++s = '\0';
- return string;
-}
-
-#if 0
-/* UNUSED */
-/* Split STRING into words at whitespace. Obeys shell-style quoting with
- backslashes, single and double quotes. */
-WORD_LIST *
-list_string_with_quotes (string)
- char *string;
-{
- WORD_LIST *list;
- char *token, *s;
- size_t s_len;
- int c, i, tokstart, len;
-
- for (s = string; s && *s && spctabnl (*s); s++)
- ;
- if (s == 0 || *s == 0)
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- s_len = strlen (s);
- tokstart = i = 0;
- list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- while (1)
- {
- c = s[i];
- if (c == '\\')
- {
- i++;
- if (s[i])
- i++;
- }
- else if (c == '\'')
- i = skip_single_quoted (s, s_len, ++i);
- else if (c == '"')
- i = skip_double_quoted (s, s_len, ++i);
- else if (c == 0 || spctabnl (c))
- {
- /* We have found the end of a token. Make a word out of it and
- add it to the word list. */
- token = substring (s, tokstart, i);
- list = add_string_to_list (token, list);
- free (token);
- while (spctabnl (s[i]))
- i++;
- if (s[i])
- tokstart = i;
- else
- break;
- }
- else
- i++; /* normal character */
- }
- return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *));
-}
-#endif
-
-/********************************************************/
-/* */
-/* Functions to perform assignment statements */
-/* */
-/********************************************************/
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *
-do_compound_assignment (name, value, flags)
- char *name, *value;
- int flags;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- int mklocal, mkassoc, mkglobal;
- WORD_LIST *list;
-
- mklocal = flags & ASS_MKLOCAL;
- mkassoc = flags & ASS_MKASSOC;
- mkglobal = flags & ASS_MKGLOBAL;
-
- if (mklocal && variable_context)
- {
- v = find_variable (name);
- list = expand_compound_array_assignment (v, value, flags);
- if (mkassoc)
- v = make_local_assoc_variable (name);
- else if (v == 0 || (array_p (v) == 0 && assoc_p (v) == 0) || v->context != variable_context)
- v = make_local_array_variable (name, 0);
- if (v)
- assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
- }
- /* In a function but forcing assignment in global context */
- else if (mkglobal && variable_context)
- {
- v = find_global_variable (name);
- list = expand_compound_array_assignment (v, value, flags);
- if (v == 0 && mkassoc)
- v = make_new_assoc_variable (name);
- else if (v && mkassoc && assoc_p (v) == 0)
- v = convert_var_to_assoc (v);
- else if (v == 0)
- v = make_new_array_variable (name);
- else if (v && mkassoc == 0 && array_p (v) == 0)
- v = convert_var_to_array (v);
- if (v)
- assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
- }
- else
- v = assign_array_from_string (name, value, flags);
-
- return (v);
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side
- of the `=', and bind it to the left side. If EXPAND is true, then
- perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
- expansion on the right-hand side. Perform tilde expansion in any
- case. Do not perform word splitting on the result of expansion. */
-static int
-do_assignment_internal (word, expand)
- const WORD_DESC *word;
- int expand;
-{
- int offset, appendop, assign_list, aflags, retval;
- char *name, *value, *temp;
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- char *t;
- int ni;
-#endif
- const char *string;
-
- if (word == 0 || word->word == 0)
- return 0;
-
- appendop = assign_list = aflags = 0;
- string = word->word;
- offset = assignment (string, 0);
- name = savestring (string);
- value = (char *)NULL;
-
- if (name[offset] == '=')
- {
- if (name[offset - 1] == '+')
- {
- appendop = 1;
- name[offset - 1] = '\0';
- }
-
- name[offset] = 0; /* might need this set later */
- temp = name + offset + 1;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (expand && (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN))
- {
- assign_list = ni = 1;
- value = extract_array_assignment_list (temp, &ni);
- }
- else
-#endif
- if (expand && temp[0])
- value = expand_string_if_necessary (temp, 0, expand_string_assignment);
- else
- value = savestring (temp);
- }
-
- if (value == 0)
- {
- value = (char *)xmalloc (1);
- value[0] = '\0';
- }
-
- if (echo_command_at_execute)
- {
- if (appendop)
- name[offset - 1] = '+';
- xtrace_print_assignment (name, value, assign_list, 1);
- if (appendop)
- name[offset - 1] = '\0';
- }
-
-#define ASSIGN_RETURN(r) do { FREE (value); free (name); return (r); } while (0)
-
- if (appendop)
- aflags |= ASS_APPEND;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (t = mbschr (name, '[')) /*]*/
- {
- if (assign_list)
- {
- report_error (_("%s: cannot assign list to array member"), name);
- ASSIGN_RETURN (0);
- }
- entry = assign_array_element (name, value, aflags);
- if (entry == 0)
- ASSIGN_RETURN (0);
- }
- else if (assign_list)
- {
- if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) && (word->flags & W_ASSNGLOBAL) == 0)
- aflags |= ASS_MKLOCAL;
- if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) && (word->flags & W_ASSNGLOBAL))
- aflags |= ASS_MKGLOBAL;
- if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
- aflags |= ASS_MKASSOC;
- entry = do_compound_assignment (name, value, aflags);
- }
- else
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
- entry = bind_variable (name, value, aflags);
-
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
-
- /* Return 1 if the assignment seems to have been performed correctly. */
- if (entry == 0 || readonly_p (entry))
- retval = 0; /* assignment failure */
- else if (noassign_p (entry))
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- retval = 1; /* error status, but not assignment failure */
- }
- else
- retval = 1;
-
- if (entry && retval != 0 && noassign_p (entry) == 0)
- VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);
-
- ASSIGN_RETURN (retval);
-}
-
-/* Perform the assignment statement in STRING, and expand the
- right side by doing tilde, command and parameter expansion. */
-int
-do_assignment (string)
- char *string;
-{
- WORD_DESC td;
-
- td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT;
- td.word = string;
-
- return do_assignment_internal (&td, 1);
-}
-
-int
-do_word_assignment (word, flags)
- WORD_DESC *word;
- int flags;
-{
- return do_assignment_internal (word, 1);
-}
-
-/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side
- of the `=', and bind it to the left side. Do not perform any word
- expansions on the right hand side. */
-int
-do_assignment_no_expand (string)
- char *string;
-{
- WORD_DESC td;
-
- td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT;
- td.word = string;
-
- return (do_assignment_internal (&td, 0));
-}
-
-/***************************************************
- * *
- * Functions to manage the positional parameters *
- * *
- ***************************************************/
-
-/* Return the word list that corresponds to `$*'. */
-WORD_LIST *
-list_rest_of_args ()
-{
- register WORD_LIST *list, *args;
- int i;
-
- /* Break out of the loop as soon as one of the dollar variables is null. */
- for (i = 1, list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; i < 10 && dollar_vars[i]; i++)
- list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (dollar_vars[i]), list);
-
- for (args = rest_of_args; args; args = args->next)
- list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (args->word->word), list);
-
- return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *));
-}
-
-int
-number_of_args ()
-{
- register WORD_LIST *list;
- int n;
-
- for (n = 0; n < 9 && dollar_vars[n+1]; n++)
- ;
- for (list = rest_of_args; list; list = list->next)
- n++;
- return n;
-}
-
-/* Return the value of a positional parameter. This handles values > 10. */
-char *
-get_dollar_var_value (ind)
- intmax_t ind;
-{
- char *temp;
- WORD_LIST *p;
-
- if (ind < 10)
- temp = dollar_vars[ind] ? savestring (dollar_vars[ind]) : (char *)NULL;
- else /* We want something like ${11} */
- {
- ind -= 10;
- for (p = rest_of_args; p && ind--; p = p->next)
- ;
- temp = p ? savestring (p->word->word) : (char *)NULL;
- }
- return (temp);
-}
-
-/* Make a single large string out of the dollar digit variables,
- and the rest_of_args. If DOLLAR_STAR is 1, then obey the special
- case of "$*" with respect to IFS. */
-char *
-string_rest_of_args (dollar_star)
- int dollar_star;
-{
- register WORD_LIST *list;
- char *string;
-
- list = list_rest_of_args ();
- string = dollar_star ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list);
- dispose_words (list);
- return (string);
-}
-
-/* Return a string containing the positional parameters from START to
- END, inclusive. If STRING[0] == '*', we obey the rules for $*,
- which only makes a difference if QUOTED is non-zero. If QUOTED includes
- Q_HERE_DOCUMENT or Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, this returns a quoted list, otherwise
- no quoting chars are added. */
-static char *
-pos_params (string, start, end, quoted)
- char *string;
- int start, end, quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *save, *params, *h, *t;
- char *ret;
- int i;
-
- /* see if we can short-circuit. if start == end, we want 0 parameters. */
- if (start == end)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
- if (save == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- if (start == 0) /* handle ${@:0[:x]} specially */
- {
- t = make_word_list (make_word (dollar_vars[0]), params);
- save = params = t;
- }
-
- for (i = start ? 1 : 0; params && i < start; i++)
- params = params->next;
- if (params == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
- for (h = t = params; params && i < end; i++)
- {
- t = params;
- params = params->next;
- }
-
- t->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
- ret = string_list_pos_params (string[0], h, quoted);
-
- if (t != params)
- t->next = params;
-
- dispose_words (save);
- return (ret);
-}
-
-/******************************************************************/
-/* */
-/* Functions to expand strings to strings or WORD_LISTs */
-/* */
-/******************************************************************/
-
-#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
-#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == '<' || s == '>' || s == CTLESC || s == '~')
-#else
-#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == CTLESC || s == '~')
-#endif
-
-/* If there are any characters in STRING that require full expansion,
- then call FUNC to expand STRING; otherwise just perform quote
- removal if necessary. This returns a new string. */
-static char *
-expand_string_if_necessary (string, quoted, func)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
- EXPFUNC *func;
-{
- WORD_LIST *list;
- size_t slen;
- int i, saw_quote;
- char *ret;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- /* Don't need string length for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
- i = saw_quote = 0;
- while (string[i])
- {
- if (EXP_CHAR (string[i]))
- break;
- else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '\\' || string[i] == '"')
- saw_quote = 1;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
- if (string[i])
- {
- list = (*func) (string, quoted);
- if (list)
- {
- ret = string_list (list);
- dispose_words (list);
- }
- else
- ret = (char *)NULL;
- }
- else if (saw_quote && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
- ret = string_quote_removal (string, quoted);
- else
- ret = savestring (string);
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-static inline char *
-expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, func)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
- EXPFUNC *func;
-{
- WORD_LIST *list;
- char *ret;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- list = (*func) (string, quoted);
- if (list)
- {
- ret = string_list (list);
- dispose_words (list);
- }
- else
- ret = (char *)NULL;
-
- return (ret);
-}
-
-char *
-expand_string_to_string (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string));
-}
-
-char *
-expand_string_unsplit_to_string (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_unsplit));
-}
-
-char *
-expand_assignment_string_to_string (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_assignment));
-}
-
-char *
-expand_arith_string (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_DESC td;
- WORD_LIST *list, *tlist;
- size_t slen;
- int i, saw_quote;
- char *ret;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- /* Don't need string length for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
- i = saw_quote = 0;
- while (string[i])
- {
- if (EXP_CHAR (string[i]))
- break;
- else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '\\' || string[i] == '"')
- saw_quote = 1;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- }
-
- if (string[i])
- {
- /* This is expanded version of expand_string_internal as it's called by
- expand_string_leave_quoted */
- td.flags = W_NOPROCSUB; /* don't want process substitution */
- td.word = savestring (string);
- list = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
- /* This takes care of the calls from expand_string_leave_quoted and
- expand_string */
- if (list)
- {
- tlist = word_list_split (list);
- dispose_words (list);
- list = tlist;
- if (list)
- dequote_list (list);
- }
- /* This comes from expand_string_if_necessary */
- if (list)
- {
- ret = string_list (list);
- dispose_words (list);
- }
- else
- ret = (char *)NULL;
- FREE (td.word);
- }
- else if (saw_quote && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
- ret = string_quote_removal (string, quoted);
- else
- ret = savestring (string);
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
-/* Just remove backslashes in STRING. Returns a new string. */
-char *
-remove_backslashes (string)
- char *string;
-{
- char *r, *ret, *s;
-
- r = ret = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (string) + 1);
- for (s = string; s && *s; )
- {
- if (*s == '\\')
- s++;
- if (*s == 0)
- break;
- *r++ = *s++;
- }
- *r = '\0';
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* This needs better error handling. */
-/* Expand W for use as an argument to a unary or binary operator in a
- [[...]] expression. If SPECIAL is 1, this is the rhs argument
- to the != or == operator, and should be treated as a pattern. In
- this case, we quote the string specially for the globbing code. If
- SPECIAL is 2, this is an rhs argument for the =~ operator, and should
- be quoted appropriately for regcomp/regexec. The caller is responsible
- for removing the backslashes if the unquoted word is needed later. */
-char *
-cond_expand_word (w, special)
- WORD_DESC *w;
- int special;
-{
- char *r, *p;
- WORD_LIST *l;
- int qflags;
-
- if (w->word == 0 || w->word[0] == '\0')
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- w->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
- l = call_expand_word_internal (w, 0, 0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
- if (l)
- {
- if (special == 0)
- {
- dequote_list (l);
- r = string_list (l);
- }
- else
- {
- qflags = QGLOB_CVTNULL;
- if (special == 2)
- qflags |= QGLOB_REGEXP;
- p = string_list (l);
- r = quote_string_for_globbing (p, qflags);
- free (p);
- }
- dispose_words (l);
- }
- else
- r = (char *)NULL;
-
- return r;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Call expand_word_internal to expand W and handle error returns.
- A convenience function for functions that don't want to handle
- any errors or free any memory before aborting. */
-static WORD_LIST *
-call_expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e)
- WORD_DESC *w;
- int q, i, *c, *e;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result;
-
- result = expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e);
- if (result == &expand_word_error || result == &expand_word_fatal)
- {
- /* By convention, each time this error is returned, w->word has
- already been freed (it sometimes may not be in the fatal case,
- but that doesn't result in a memory leak because we're going
- to exit in most cases). */
- w->word = (char *)NULL;
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- exp_jump_to_top_level ((result == &expand_word_error) ? DISCARD : FORCE_EOF);
- /* NOTREACHED */
- return (NULL);
- }
- else
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
- expansion on STRING, as if it were a word. Leave the result quoted.
- Since this does not perform word splitting, it leaves quoted nulls
- in the result. */
-static WORD_LIST *
-expand_string_internal (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_DESC td;
- WORD_LIST *tresult;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == 0)
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- td.flags = 0;
- td.word = savestring (string);
-
- tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
-
- FREE (td.word);
- return (tresult);
-}
-
-/* Expand STRING by performing parameter expansion, command substitution,
- and arithmetic expansion. Dequote the resulting WORD_LIST before
- returning it, but do not perform word splitting. The call to
- remove_quoted_nulls () is in here because word splitting normally
- takes care of quote removal. */
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_string_unsplit (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *value;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
- value = expand_string_internal (string, quoted);
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
-
- if (value)
- {
- if (value->word)
- {
- remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
- value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- }
- dequote_list (value);
- }
- return (value);
-}
-
-/* Expand the rhs of an assignment statement */
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_string_assignment (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_DESC td;
- WORD_LIST *value;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
-
- td.flags = W_ASSIGNRHS;
- td.word = savestring (string);
- value = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
- FREE (td.word);
-
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
-
- if (value)
- {
- if (value->word)
- {
- remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
- value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- }
- dequote_list (value);
- }
- return (value);
-}
-
-
-/* Expand one of the PS? prompt strings. This is a sort of combination of
- expand_string_unsplit and expand_string_internal, but returns the
- passed string when an error occurs. Might want to trap other calls
- to jump_to_top_level here so we don't endlessly loop. */
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_prompt_string (string, quoted, wflags)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
- int wflags;
-{
- WORD_LIST *value;
- WORD_DESC td;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == 0)
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- td.flags = wflags;
- td.word = savestring (string);
-
- no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
- value = expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
- no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0;
-
- if (value == &expand_word_error || value == &expand_word_fatal)
- {
- value = make_word_list (make_bare_word (string), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- return value;
- }
- FREE (td.word);
- if (value)
- {
- if (value->word)
- {
- remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
- value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- }
- dequote_list (value);
- }
- return (value);
-}
-
-/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word, but do not dequote
- the resultant WORD_LIST. This is called only from within this file,
- and is used to correctly preserve quoted characters when expanding
- things like ${1+"$@"}. This does parameter expansion, command
- substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. */
-static WORD_LIST *
-expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *tlist;
- WORD_LIST *tresult;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- tlist = expand_string_internal (string, quoted);
-
- if (tlist)
- {
- tresult = word_list_split (tlist);
- dispose_words (tlist);
- return (tresult);
- }
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-}
-
-/* This does not perform word splitting or dequote the WORD_LIST
- it returns. */
-static WORD_LIST *
-expand_string_for_rhs (string, quoted, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at)
- char *string;
- int quoted, *dollar_at_p, *has_dollar_at;
-{
- WORD_DESC td;
- WORD_LIST *tresult;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
- return (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
- td.flags = W_NOSPLIT2; /* no splitting, remove "" and '' */
- td.word = string;
- tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 1, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at);
- return (tresult);
-}
-
-/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word. This also returns
- a list of words. Note that filename globbing is *NOT* done for word
- or string expansion, just when the shell is expanding a command. This
- does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
- and word splitting. Dequote the resultant WORD_LIST before returning. */
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_string (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result;
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- result = expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted);
- return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
-}
-
-/***************************************************
- * *
- * Functions to handle quoting chars *
- * *
- ***************************************************/
-
-/* Conventions:
-
- A string with s[0] == CTLNUL && s[1] == 0 is a quoted null string.
- The parser passes CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL. */
-
-/* Quote escape characters in string s, but no other characters. This is
- used to protect CTLESC and CTLNUL in variable values from the rest of
- the word expansion process after the variable is expanded (word splitting
- and filename generation). If IFS is null, we quote spaces as well, just
- in case we split on spaces later (in the case of unquoted $@, we will
- eventually attempt to split the entire word on spaces). Corresponding
- code exists in dequote_escapes. Even if we don't end up splitting on
- spaces, quoting spaces is not a problem. This should never be called on
- a string that is quoted with single or double quotes or part of a here
- document (effectively double-quoted). */
-char *
-quote_escapes (string)
- char *string;
-{
- register char *s, *t;
- size_t slen;
- char *result, *send;
- int quote_spaces, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- send = string + slen;
-
- quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0);
-
- for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
- skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL;
-
- t = result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1);
- s = string;
-
- while (*s)
- {
- if ((skip_ctlesc == 0 && *s == CTLESC) || (skip_ctlnul == 0 && *s == CTLNUL) || (quote_spaces && *s == ' '))
- *t++ = CTLESC;
- COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
- }
- *t = '\0';
- return (result);
-}
-
-static WORD_LIST *
-list_quote_escapes (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- register WORD_LIST *w;
- char *t;
-
- for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
- {
- t = w->word->word;
- w->word->word = quote_escapes (t);
- free (t);
- }
- return list;
-}
-
-/* Inverse of quote_escapes; remove CTLESC protecting CTLESC or CTLNUL.
-
- The parser passes us CTLESC as CTLESC CTLESC and CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL.
- This is necessary to make unquoted CTLESC and CTLNUL characters in the
- data stream pass through properly.
-
- We need to remove doubled CTLESC characters inside quoted strings before
- quoting the entire string, so we do not double the number of CTLESC
- characters.
-
- Also used by parts of the pattern substitution code. */
-char *
-dequote_escapes (string)
- char *string;
-{
- register char *s, *t, *s1;
- size_t slen;
- char *result, *send;
- int quote_spaces;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- if (string == 0)
- return string;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- send = string + slen;
-
- t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
-
- if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == 0)
- return (strcpy (result, string));
-
- quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0);
-
- s = string;
- while (*s)
- {
- if (*s == CTLESC && (s[1] == CTLESC || s[1] == CTLNUL || (quote_spaces && s[1] == ' ')))
- {
- s++;
- if (*s == '\0')
- break;
- }
- COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
- }
- *t = '\0';
- return result;
-}
-
-/* Return a new string with the quoted representation of character C.
- This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be
- set in any resultant WORD_DESC where this value is the word. */
-static char *
-make_quoted_char (c)
- int c;
-{
- char *temp;
-
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
- if (c == 0)
- {
- temp[0] = CTLNUL;
- temp[1] = '\0';
- }
- else
- {
- temp[0] = CTLESC;
- temp[1] = c;
- temp[2] = '\0';
- }
- return (temp);
-}
-
-/* Quote STRING, returning a new string. This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so
- the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be set in any resultant WORD_DESC where
- this value is the word. */
-char *
-quote_string (string)
- char *string;
-{
- register char *t;
- size_t slen;
- char *result, *send;
-
- if (*string == 0)
- {
- result = (char *)xmalloc (2);
- result[0] = CTLNUL;
- result[1] = '\0';
- }
- else
- {
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- send = string + slen;
-
- result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1);
-
- for (t = result; string < send; )
- {
- *t++ = CTLESC;
- COPY_CHAR_P (t, string, send);
- }
- *t = '\0';
- }
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* De-quote quoted characters in STRING. */
-char *
-dequote_string (string)
- char *string;
-{
- register char *s, *t;
- size_t slen;
- char *result, *send;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- slen = strlen (string);
-
- t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
-
- if (QUOTED_NULL (string))
- {
- result[0] = '\0';
- return (result);
- }
-
- /* If no character in the string can be quoted, don't bother examining
- each character. Just return a copy of the string passed to us. */
- if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == NULL)
- return (strcpy (result, string));
-
- send = string + slen;
- s = string;
- while (*s)
- {
- if (*s == CTLESC)
- {
- s++;
- if (*s == '\0')
- break;
- }
- COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
- }
-
- *t = '\0';
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Quote the entire WORD_LIST list. */
-static WORD_LIST *
-quote_list (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- register WORD_LIST *w;
- char *t;
-
- for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
- {
- t = w->word->word;
- w->word->word = quote_string (t);
- if (*t == 0)
- w->word->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX - turn on W_HASQUOTEDNULL here? */
- w->word->flags |= W_QUOTED;
- free (t);
- }
- return list;
-}
-
-/* De-quote quoted characters in each word in LIST. */
-WORD_LIST *
-dequote_list (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- register char *s;
- register WORD_LIST *tlist;
-
- for (tlist = list; tlist; tlist = tlist->next)
- {
- s = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
- if (QUOTED_NULL (tlist->word->word))
- tlist->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- free (tlist->word->word);
- tlist->word->word = s;
- }
- return list;
-}
-
-/* Remove CTLESC protecting a CTLESC or CTLNUL in place. Return the passed
- string. */
-char *
-remove_quoted_escapes (string)
- char *string;
-{
- char *t;
-
- if (string)
- {
- t = dequote_escapes (string);
- strcpy (string, t);
- free (t);
- }
-
- return (string);
-}
-
-/* Perform quoted null character removal on STRING. We don't allow any
- quoted null characters in the middle or at the ends of strings because
- of how expand_word_internal works. remove_quoted_nulls () turns
- STRING into an empty string iff it only consists of a quoted null,
- and removes all unquoted CTLNUL characters. */
-char *
-remove_quoted_nulls (string)
- char *string;
-{
- register size_t slen;
- register int i, j, prev_i;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- if (strchr (string, CTLNUL) == 0) /* XXX */
- return string; /* XXX */
-
- slen = strlen (string);
- i = j = 0;
-
- while (i < slen)
- {
- if (string[i] == CTLESC)
- {
- /* Old code had j++, but we cannot assume that i == j at this
- point -- what if a CTLNUL has already been removed from the
- string? We don't want to drop the CTLESC or recopy characters
- that we've already copied down. */
- i++; string[j++] = CTLESC;
- if (i == slen)
- break;
- }
- else if (string[i] == CTLNUL)
- {
- i++;
- continue;
- }
-
- prev_i = i;
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
- if (j < prev_i)
- {
- do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i);
- }
- else
- j = i;
- }
- string[j] = '\0';
-
- return (string);
-}
-
-/* Perform quoted null character removal on each element of LIST.
- This modifies LIST. */
-void
-word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- register WORD_LIST *t;
-
- for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
- {
- remove_quoted_nulls (t->word->word);
- t->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- }
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Functions for Matching and Removing Patterns */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-#if 0 /* Currently unused */
-static unsigned char *
-mb_getcharlens (string, len)
- char *string;
- int len;
-{
- int i, offset, last;
- unsigned char *ret;
- char *p;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- i = offset = 0;
- last = 0;
- ret = (unsigned char *)xmalloc (len);
- memset (ret, 0, len);
- while (string[last])
- {
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, len, offset);
- ret[last] = offset - last;
- last = offset;
- }
- return ret;
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/* Remove the portion of PARAM matched by PATTERN according to OP, where OP
- can have one of 4 values:
- RP_LONG_LEFT remove longest matching portion at start of PARAM
- RP_SHORT_LEFT remove shortest matching portion at start of PARAM
- RP_LONG_RIGHT remove longest matching portion at end of PARAM
- RP_SHORT_RIGHT remove shortest matching portion at end of PARAM
-*/
-
-#define RP_LONG_LEFT 1
-#define RP_SHORT_LEFT 2
-#define RP_LONG_RIGHT 3
-#define RP_SHORT_RIGHT 4
-
-/* Returns its first argument if nothing matched; new memory otherwise */
-static char *
-remove_upattern (param, pattern, op)
- char *param, *pattern;
- int op;
-{
- register int len;
- register char *end;
- register char *p, *ret, c;
-
- len = STRLEN (param);
- end = param + len;
-
- switch (op)
- {
- case RP_LONG_LEFT: /* remove longest match at start */
- for (p = end; p >= param; p--)
- {
- c = *p; *p = '\0';
- if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- *p = c;
- return (savestring (p));
- }
- *p = c;
-
- }
- break;
-
- case RP_SHORT_LEFT: /* remove shortest match at start */
- for (p = param; p <= end; p++)
- {
- c = *p; *p = '\0';
- if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- *p = c;
- return (savestring (p));
- }
- *p = c;
- }
- break;
-
- case RP_LONG_RIGHT: /* remove longest match at end */
- for (p = param; p <= end; p++)
- {
- if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- c = *p; *p = '\0';
- ret = savestring (param);
- *p = c;
- return (ret);
- }
- }
- break;
-
- case RP_SHORT_RIGHT: /* remove shortest match at end */
- for (p = end; p >= param; p--)
- {
- if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- c = *p; *p = '\0';
- ret = savestring (param);
- *p = c;
- return (ret);
- }
- }
- break;
- }
-
- return (param); /* no match, return original string */
-}
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-/* Returns its first argument if nothing matched; new memory otherwise */
-static wchar_t *
-remove_wpattern (wparam, wstrlen, wpattern, op)
- wchar_t *wparam;
- size_t wstrlen;
- wchar_t *wpattern;
- int op;
-{
- wchar_t wc, *ret;
- int n;
-
- switch (op)
- {
- case RP_LONG_LEFT: /* remove longest match at start */
- for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
- {
- wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
- if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- wparam[n] = wc;
- return (wcsdup (wparam + n));
- }
- wparam[n] = wc;
- }
- break;
-
- case RP_SHORT_LEFT: /* remove shortest match at start */
- for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
- {
- wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
- if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- wparam[n] = wc;
- return (wcsdup (wparam + n));
- }
- wparam[n] = wc;
- }
- break;
-
- case RP_LONG_RIGHT: /* remove longest match at end */
- for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
- {
- if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
- ret = wcsdup (wparam);
- wparam[n] = wc;
- return (ret);
- }
- }
- break;
-
- case RP_SHORT_RIGHT: /* remove shortest match at end */
- for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
- {
- if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
- {
- wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
- ret = wcsdup (wparam);
- wparam[n] = wc;
- return (ret);
- }
- }
- break;
- }
-
- return (wparam); /* no match, return original string */
-}
-#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
-
-static char *
-remove_pattern (param, pattern, op)
- char *param, *pattern;
- int op;
-{
- char *xret;
-
- if (param == NULL)
- return (param);
- if (*param == '\0' || pattern == NULL || *pattern == '\0') /* minor optimization */
- return (savestring (param));
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
- {
- wchar_t *ret, *oret;
- size_t n;
- wchar_t *wparam, *wpattern;
- mbstate_t ps;
-
- n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpattern, NULL, pattern);
- if (n == (size_t)-1)
- {
- xret = remove_upattern (param, pattern, op);
- return ((xret == param) ? savestring (param) : xret);
- }
- n = xdupmbstowcs (&wparam, NULL, param);
-
- if (n == (size_t)-1)
- {
- free (wpattern);
- xret = remove_upattern (param, pattern, op);
- return ((xret == param) ? savestring (param) : xret);
- }
- oret = ret = remove_wpattern (wparam, n, wpattern, op);
- /* Don't bother to convert wparam back to multibyte string if nothing
- matched; just return copy of original string */
- if (ret == wparam)
- {
- free (wparam);
- free (wpattern);
- return (savestring (param));
- }
-
- free (wparam);
- free (wpattern);
-
- n = strlen (param);
- xret = (char *)xmalloc (n + 1);
- memset (&ps, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
- n = wcsrtombs (xret, (const wchar_t **)&ret, n, &ps);
- xret[n] = '\0'; /* just to make sure */
- free (oret);
- return xret;
- }
- else
-#endif
- {
- xret = remove_upattern (param, pattern, op);
- return ((xret == param) ? savestring (param) : xret);
- }
-}
-
-/* Match PAT anywhere in STRING and return the match boundaries.
- This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise. SP
- and EP are pointers into the string where the match begins and
- ends, respectively. MTYPE controls what kind of match is attempted.
- MATCH_BEG and MATCH_END anchor the match at the beginning and end
- of the string, respectively. The longest match is returned. */
-static int
-match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)
- char *string, *pat;
- int mtype;
- char **sp, **ep;
-{
- int c, len, mlen;
- register char *p, *p1, *npat;
- char *end;
- int n1;
-
- /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and
- short-circuit right away. A minor optimization, saves a bunch of
- unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N
- characters) if the match is unsuccessful. To preserve the semantics
- of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has
- `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */
- /* XXX - check this later if I ever implement `**' with special meaning,
- since this will potentially result in `**' at the beginning or end */
- len = STRLEN (pat);
- if (pat[0] != '*' || (pat[0] == '*' && pat[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob) || pat[len - 1] != '*')
- {
- p = npat = (char *)xmalloc (len + 3);
- p1 = pat;
- if (*p1 != '*' || (*p1 == '*' && p1[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob))
- *p++ = '*';
- while (*p1)
- *p++ = *p1++;
- if (p1[-1] != '*' || p[-2] == '\\')
- *p++ = '*';
- *p = '\0';
- }
- else
- npat = pat;
- c = strmatch (npat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG);
- if (npat != pat)
- free (npat);
- if (c == FNM_NOMATCH)
- return (0);
-
- len = STRLEN (string);
- end = string + len;
-
- mlen = umatchlen (pat, len);
-
- switch (mtype)
- {
- case MATCH_ANY:
- for (p = string; p <= end; p++)
- {
- if (match_pattern_char (pat, p))
- {
- p1 = (mlen == -1) ? end : p + mlen;
- /* p1 - p = length of portion of string to be considered
- p = current position in string
- mlen = number of characters consumed by match (-1 for entire string)
- end = end of string
- we want to break immediately if the potential match len
- is greater than the number of characters remaining in the
- string
- */
- if (p1 > end)
- break;
- for ( ; p1 >= p; p1--)
- {
- c = *p1; *p1 = '\0';
- if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
- {
- *p1 = c;
- *sp = p;
- *ep = p1;
- return 1;
- }
- *p1 = c;
-#if 1
- /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
- if (mlen != -1)
- break;
-#endif
- }
- }
- }
-
- return (0);
-
- case MATCH_BEG:
- if (match_pattern_char (pat, string) == 0)
- return (0);
-
- for (p = (mlen == -1) ? end : string + mlen; p >= string; p--)
- {
- c = *p; *p = '\0';
- if (strmatch (pat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
- {
- *p = c;
- *sp = string;
- *ep = p;
- return 1;
- }
- *p = c;
- /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
- if (mlen != -1)
- break;
- }
-
- return (0);
-
- case MATCH_END:
- for (p = end - ((mlen == -1) ? len : mlen); p <= end; p++)
- {
- if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
- {
- *sp = p;
- *ep = end;
- return 1;
- }
- /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
- if (mlen != -1)
- break;
- }
-
- return (0);
- }
-
- return (0);
-}
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-/* Match WPAT anywhere in WSTRING and return the match boundaries.
- This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise. Wide
- character version. */
-static int
-match_wpattern (wstring, indices, wstrlen, wpat, mtype, sp, ep)
- wchar_t *wstring;
- char **indices;
- size_t wstrlen;
- wchar_t *wpat;
- int mtype;
- char **sp, **ep;
-{
- wchar_t wc, *wp, *nwpat, *wp1;
- size_t len;
- int mlen;
- int n, n1, n2, simple;
-
- simple = (wpat[0] != L'\\' && wpat[0] != L'*' && wpat[0] != L'?' && wpat[0] != L'[');
-#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
- if (extended_glob)
- simple &= (wpat[1] != L'(' || (wpat[0] != L'*' && wpat[0] != L'?' && wpat[0] != L'+' && wpat[0] != L'!' && wpat[0] != L'@')); /*)*/
-#endif
-
- /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and
- short-circuit right away. A minor optimization, saves a bunch of
- unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N
- characters) if the match is unsuccessful. To preserve the semantics
- of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has
- `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */
- len = wcslen (wpat);
- if (wpat[0] != L'*' || (wpat[0] == L'*' && wpat[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob) || wpat[len - 1] != L'*')
- {
- wp = nwpat = (wchar_t *)xmalloc ((len + 3) * sizeof (wchar_t));
- wp1 = wpat;
- if (*wp1 != L'*' || (*wp1 == '*' && wp1[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob))
- *wp++ = L'*';
- while (*wp1 != L'\0')
- *wp++ = *wp1++;
- if (wp1[-1] != L'*' || wp1[-2] == L'\\')
- *wp++ = L'*';
- *wp = '\0';
- }
- else
- nwpat = wpat;
- len = wcsmatch (nwpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG);
- if (nwpat != wpat)
- free (nwpat);
- if (len == FNM_NOMATCH)
- return (0);
-
- mlen = wmatchlen (wpat, wstrlen);
-
-/* itrace("wmatchlen (%ls) -> %d", wpat, mlen); */
- switch (mtype)
- {
- case MATCH_ANY:
- for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
- {
- n2 = simple ? (*wpat == wstring[n]) : match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring + n);
- if (n2)
- {
- n1 = (mlen == -1) ? wstrlen : n + mlen;
- if (n1 > wstrlen)
- break;
-
- for ( ; n1 >= n; n1--)
- {
- wc = wstring[n1]; wstring[n1] = L'\0';
- if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
- {
- wstring[n1] = wc;
- *sp = indices[n];
- *ep = indices[n1];
- return 1;
- }
- wstring[n1] = wc;
- /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
- if (mlen != -1)
- break;
- }
- }
- }
-
- return (0);
-
- case MATCH_BEG:
- if (match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring) == 0)
- return (0);
-
- for (n = (mlen == -1) ? wstrlen : mlen; n >= 0; n--)
- {
- wc = wstring[n]; wstring[n] = L'\0';
- if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
- {
- wstring[n] = wc;
- *sp = indices[0];
- *ep = indices[n];
- return 1;
- }
- wstring[n] = wc;
- /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
- if (mlen != -1)
- break;
- }
-
- return (0);
-
- case MATCH_END:
- for (n = wstrlen - ((mlen == -1) ? wstrlen : mlen); n <= wstrlen; n++)
- {
- if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
- {
- *sp = indices[n];
- *ep = indices[wstrlen];
- return 1;
- }
- /* If MLEN != -1, we have a fixed length pattern. */
- if (mlen != -1)
- break;
- }
-
- return (0);
- }
-
- return (0);
-}
-#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
-
-static int
-match_pattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)
- char *string, *pat;
- int mtype;
- char **sp, **ep;
-{
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- int ret;
- size_t n;
- wchar_t *wstring, *wpat;
- char **indices;
- size_t slen, plen, mslen, mplen;
-#endif
-
- if (string == 0 || *string == 0 || pat == 0 || *pat == 0)
- return (0);
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
- {
- if (mbsmbchar (string) == 0 && mbsmbchar (pat) == 0)
- return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
-
- n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpat, NULL, pat);
- if (n == (size_t)-1)
- return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
- n = xdupmbstowcs (&wstring, &indices, string);
- if (n == (size_t)-1)
- {
- free (wpat);
- return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
- }
- ret = match_wpattern (wstring, indices, n, wpat, mtype, sp, ep);
-
- free (wpat);
- free (wstring);
- free (indices);
-
- return (ret);
- }
- else
-#endif
- return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
-}
-
-static int
-getpatspec (c, value)
- int c;
- char *value;
-{
- if (c == '#')
- return ((*value == '#') ? RP_LONG_LEFT : RP_SHORT_LEFT);
- else /* c == '%' */
- return ((*value == '%') ? RP_LONG_RIGHT : RP_SHORT_RIGHT);
-}
-
-/* Posix.2 says that the WORD should be run through tilde expansion,
- parameter expansion, command substitution and arithmetic expansion.
- This leaves the result quoted, so quote_string_for_globbing () has
- to be called to fix it up for strmatch (). If QUOTED is non-zero,
- it means that the entire expression was enclosed in double quotes.
- This means that quoting characters in the pattern do not make any
- special pattern characters quoted. For example, the `*' in the
- following retains its special meaning: "${foo#'*'}". */
-static char *
-getpattern (value, quoted, expandpat)
- char *value;
- int quoted, expandpat;
-{
- char *pat, *tword;
- WORD_LIST *l;
-#if 0
- int i;
-#endif
- /* There is a problem here: how to handle single or double quotes in the
- pattern string when the whole expression is between double quotes?
- POSIX.2 says that enclosing double quotes do not cause the pattern to
- be quoted, but does that leave us a problem with @ and array[@] and their
- expansions inside a pattern? */
-#if 0
- if (expandpat && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *tword)
- {
- i = 0;
- pat = string_extract_double_quoted (tword, &i, 1);
- free (tword);
- tword = pat;
- }
-#endif
-
- /* expand_string_for_rhs () leaves WORD quoted and does not perform
- word splitting. */
- l = *value ? expand_string_for_rhs (value,
- (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? Q_PATQUOTE : quoted,
- (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL)
- : (WORD_LIST *)0;
- pat = string_list (l);
- dispose_words (l);
- if (pat)
- {
- tword = quote_string_for_globbing (pat, QGLOB_CVTNULL);
- free (pat);
- pat = tword;
- }
- return (pat);
-}
-
-#if 0
-/* Handle removing a pattern from a string as a result of ${name%[%]value}
- or ${name#[#]value}. */
-static char *
-variable_remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec, quoted)
- char *value, *pattern;
- int patspec, quoted;
-{
- char *tword;
-
- tword = remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec);
-
- return (tword);
-}
-#endif
-
-static char *
-list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted)
- WORD_LIST *list;
- char *pattern;
- int patspec, itype, quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *new, *l;
- WORD_DESC *w;
- char *tword;
-
- for (new = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, l = list; l; l = l->next)
- {
- tword = remove_pattern (l->word->word, pattern, patspec);
- w = alloc_word_desc ();
- w->word = tword ? tword : savestring ("");
- new = make_word_list (w, new);
- }
-
- l = REVERSE_LIST (new, WORD_LIST *);
- tword = string_list_pos_params (itype, l, quoted);
- dispose_words (l);
-
- return (tword);
-}
-
-static char *
-parameter_list_remove_pattern (itype, pattern, patspec, quoted)
- int itype;
- char *pattern;
- int patspec, quoted;
-{
- char *ret;
- WORD_LIST *list;
-
- list = list_rest_of_args ();
- if (list == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
- ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted);
- dispose_words (list);
- return (ret);
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static char *
-array_remove_pattern (var, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- char *pattern;
- int patspec;
- char *varname; /* so we can figure out how it's indexed */
- int quoted;
-{
- ARRAY *a;
- HASH_TABLE *h;
- int itype;
- char *ret;
- WORD_LIST *list;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- /* compute itype from varname here */
- v = array_variable_part (varname, &ret, 0);
-
- /* XXX */
- if (v && invisible_p (var))
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- itype = ret[0];
-
- a = (v && array_p (v)) ? array_cell (v) : 0;
- h = (v && assoc_p (v)) ? assoc_cell (v) : 0;
-
- list = a ? array_to_word_list (a) : (h ? assoc_to_word_list (h) : 0);
- if (list == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
- ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted);
- dispose_words (list);
-
- return ret;
-}
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
-static char *
-parameter_brace_remove_pattern (varname, value, ind, patstr, rtype, quoted, flags)
- char *varname, *value;
- int ind;
- char *patstr;
- int rtype, quoted, flags;
-{
- int vtype, patspec, starsub;
- char *temp1, *val, *pattern;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- if (value == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- this_command_name = varname;
-
- vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
- if (vtype == -1)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
- vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
-
- patspec = getpatspec (rtype, patstr);
- if (patspec == RP_LONG_LEFT || patspec == RP_LONG_RIGHT)
- patstr++;
-
- /* Need to pass getpattern newly-allocated memory in case of expansion --
- the expansion code will free the passed string on an error. */
- temp1 = savestring (patstr);
- pattern = getpattern (temp1, quoted, 1);
- free (temp1);
-
- temp1 = (char *)NULL; /* shut up gcc */
- switch (vtype)
- {
- case VT_VARIABLE:
- case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
- temp1 = remove_pattern (val, pattern, patspec);
- if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
- FREE (val);
- if (temp1)
- {
- val = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- ? quote_string (temp1)
- : quote_escapes (temp1);
- free (temp1);
- temp1 = val;
- }
- break;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- case VT_ARRAYVAR:
- temp1 = array_remove_pattern (v, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted);
- if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
- {
- val = quote_escapes (temp1);
- free (temp1);
- temp1 = val;
- }
- break;
-#endif
- case VT_POSPARMS:
- temp1 = parameter_list_remove_pattern (varname[0], pattern, patspec, quoted);
- if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
- {
- val = quote_escapes (temp1);
- free (temp1);
- temp1 = val;
- }
- break;
- }
-
- FREE (pattern);
- return temp1;
-}
-
-/*******************************************
- * *
- * Functions to expand WORD_DESCs *
- * *
- *******************************************/
-
-/* Expand WORD, performing word splitting on the result. This does
- parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
- word splitting, and quote removal. */
-
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_word (word, quoted)
- WORD_DESC *word;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result, *tresult;
-
- tresult = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
- result = word_list_split (tresult);
- dispose_words (tresult);
- return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
-}
-
-/* Expand WORD, but do not perform word splitting on the result. This
- does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
- and quote removal. */
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_word_unsplit (word, quoted)
- WORD_DESC *word;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result;
-
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
-#else
- if (ifs_firstc == 0)
-#endif
- word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
- word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
- result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
-
- return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
-}
-
-/* Perform shell expansions on WORD, but do not perform word splitting or
- quote removal on the result. Virtually identical to expand_word_unsplit;
- could be combined if implementations don't diverge. */
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_word_leave_quoted (word, quoted)
- WORD_DESC *word;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result;
-
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
-#else
- if (ifs_firstc == 0)
-#endif
- word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
- word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
- result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
-
- return result;
-}
-
-#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
-
-/*****************************************************************/
-/* */
-/* Hacking Process Substitution */
-/* */
-/*****************************************************************/
-
-#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
-/* Named pipes must be removed explicitly with `unlink'. This keeps a list
- of FIFOs the shell has open. unlink_fifo_list will walk the list and
- unlink all of them. add_fifo_list adds the name of an open FIFO to the
- list. NFIFO is a count of the number of FIFOs in the list. */
-#define FIFO_INCR 20
-
-struct temp_fifo {
- char *file;
- pid_t proc;
-};
-
-static struct temp_fifo *fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)NULL;
-static int nfifo;
-static int fifo_list_size;
-
-char *
-copy_fifo_list (sizep)
- int *sizep;
-{
- if (sizep)
- *sizep = 0;
- return (char *)NULL;
-}
-
-static void
-add_fifo_list (pathname)
- char *pathname;
-{
- if (nfifo >= fifo_list_size - 1)
- {
- fifo_list_size += FIFO_INCR;
- fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)xrealloc (fifo_list,
- fifo_list_size * sizeof (struct temp_fifo));
- }
-
- fifo_list[nfifo].file = savestring (pathname);
- nfifo++;
-}
-
-void
-unlink_fifo (i)
- int i;
-{
- if ((fifo_list[i].proc == -1) || (kill(fifo_list[i].proc, 0) == -1))
- {
- unlink (fifo_list[i].file);
- free (fifo_list[i].file);
- fifo_list[i].file = (char *)NULL;
- fifo_list[i].proc = -1;
- }
-}
-
-void
-unlink_fifo_list ()
-{
- int saved, i, j;
-
- if (nfifo == 0)
- return;
-
- for (i = saved = 0; i < nfifo; i++)
- {
- if ((fifo_list[i].proc == -1) || (kill(fifo_list[i].proc, 0) == -1))
- {
- unlink (fifo_list[i].file);
- free (fifo_list[i].file);
- fifo_list[i].file = (char *)NULL;
- fifo_list[i].proc = -1;
- }
- else
- saved++;
- }
-
- /* If we didn't remove some of the FIFOs, compact the list. */
- if (saved)
- {
- for (i = j = 0; i < nfifo; i++)
- if (fifo_list[i].file)
- {
- fifo_list[j].file = fifo_list[i].file;
- fifo_list[j].proc = fifo_list[i].proc;
- j++;
- }
- nfifo = j;
- }
- else
- nfifo = 0;
-}
-
-/* Take LIST, which is a bitmap denoting active FIFOs in fifo_list
- from some point in the past, and close all open FIFOs in fifo_list
- that are not marked as active in LIST. If LIST is NULL, close
- everything in fifo_list. LSIZE is the number of elements in LIST, in
- case it's larger than fifo_list_size (size of fifo_list). */
-void
-close_new_fifos (list, lsize)
- char *list;
- int lsize;
-{
- int i;
-
- if (list == 0)
- {
- unlink_fifo_list ();
- return;
- }
-
- for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
- if (list[i] == 0 && i < fifo_list_size && fifo_list[i].proc != -1)
- unlink_fifo (i);
-
- for (i = lsize; i < fifo_list_size; i++)
- unlink_fifo (i);
-}
-
-int
-fifos_pending ()
-{
- return nfifo;
-}
-
-int
-num_fifos ()
-{
- return nfifo;
-}
-
-static char *
-make_named_pipe ()
-{
- char *tname;
-
- tname = sh_mktmpname ("sh-np", MT_USERANDOM|MT_USETMPDIR);
- if (mkfifo (tname, 0600) < 0)
- {
- free (tname);
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
-
- add_fifo_list (tname);
- return (tname);
-}
-
-#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
-
-/* DEV_FD_LIST is a bitmap of file descriptors attached to pipes the shell
- has open to children. NFDS is a count of the number of bits currently
- set in DEV_FD_LIST. TOTFDS is a count of the highest possible number
- of open files. */
-static char *dev_fd_list = (char *)NULL;
-static int nfds;
-static int totfds; /* The highest possible number of open files. */
-
-char *
-copy_fifo_list (sizep)
- int *sizep;
-{
- char *ret;
-
- if (nfds == 0 || totfds == 0)
- {
- if (sizep)
- *sizep = 0;
- return (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- if (sizep)
- *sizep = totfds;
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (totfds);
- return (memcpy (ret, dev_fd_list, totfds));
-}
-
-static void
-add_fifo_list (fd)
- int fd;
-{
- if (dev_fd_list == 0 || fd >= totfds)
- {
- int ofds;
-
- ofds = totfds;
- totfds = getdtablesize ();
- if (totfds < 0 || totfds > 256)
- totfds = 256;
- if (fd >= totfds)
- totfds = fd + 2;
-
- dev_fd_list = (char *)xrealloc (dev_fd_list, totfds);
- memset (dev_fd_list + ofds, '\0', totfds - ofds);
- }
-
- dev_fd_list[fd] = 1;
- nfds++;
-}
-
-int
-fifos_pending ()
-{
- return 0; /* used for cleanup; not needed with /dev/fd */
-}
-
-int
-num_fifos ()
-{
- return nfds;
-}
-
-void
-unlink_fifo (fd)
- int fd;
-{
- if (dev_fd_list[fd])
- {
- close (fd);
- dev_fd_list[fd] = 0;
- nfds--;
- }
-}
-
-void
-unlink_fifo_list ()
-{
- register int i;
-
- if (nfds == 0)
- return;
-
- for (i = 0; nfds && i < totfds; i++)
- unlink_fifo (i);
-
- nfds = 0;
-}
-
-/* Take LIST, which is a snapshot copy of dev_fd_list from some point in
- the past, and close all open fds in dev_fd_list that are not marked
- as open in LIST. If LIST is NULL, close everything in dev_fd_list.
- LSIZE is the number of elements in LIST, in case it's larger than
- totfds (size of dev_fd_list). */
-void
-close_new_fifos (list, lsize)
- char *list;
- int lsize;
-{
- int i;
-
- if (list == 0)
- {
- unlink_fifo_list ();
- return;
- }
-
- for (i = 0; i < lsize; i++)
- if (list[i] == 0 && i < totfds && dev_fd_list[i])
- unlink_fifo (i);
-
- for (i = lsize; i < totfds; i++)
- unlink_fifo (i);
-}
-
-#if defined (NOTDEF)
-print_dev_fd_list ()
-{
- register int i;
-
- fprintf (stderr, "pid %ld: dev_fd_list:", (long)getpid ());
- fflush (stderr);
-
- for (i = 0; i < totfds; i++)
- {
- if (dev_fd_list[i])
- fprintf (stderr, " %d", i);
- }
- fprintf (stderr, "\n");
-}
-#endif /* NOTDEF */
-
-static char *
-make_dev_fd_filename (fd)
- int fd;
-{
- char *ret, intbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1], *p;
-
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) + 8);
-
- strcpy (ret, DEV_FD_PREFIX);
- p = inttostr (fd, intbuf, sizeof (intbuf));
- strcpy (ret + sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) - 1, p);
-
- add_fifo_list (fd);
- return (ret);
-}
-
-#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
-
-/* Return a filename that will open a connection to the process defined by
- executing STRING. HAVE_DEV_FD, if defined, means open a pipe and return
- a filename in /dev/fd corresponding to a descriptor that is one of the
- ends of the pipe. If not defined, we use named pipes on systems that have
- them. Systems without /dev/fd and named pipes are out of luck.
-
- OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD, if 1, means open the named pipe for reading or
- use the read end of the pipe and dup that file descriptor to fd 0 in
- the child. If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD is 0, we open the named pipe for
- writing or use the write end of the pipe in the child, and dup that
- file descriptor to fd 1 in the child. The parent does the opposite. */
-
-static char *
-process_substitute (string, open_for_read_in_child)
- char *string;
- int open_for_read_in_child;
-{
- char *pathname;
- int fd, result;
- pid_t old_pid, pid;
-#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- int parent_pipe_fd, child_pipe_fd;
- int fildes[2];
-#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- pid_t old_pipeline_pgrp;
-#endif
-
- if (!string || !*string || wordexp_only)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
-#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- pathname = make_named_pipe ();
-#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
- if (pipe (fildes) < 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution"));
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
- /* If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD == 1, we want to use the write end of
- the pipe in the parent, otherwise the read end. */
- parent_pipe_fd = fildes[open_for_read_in_child];
- child_pipe_fd = fildes[1 - open_for_read_in_child];
- /* Move the parent end of the pipe to some high file descriptor, to
- avoid clashes with FDs used by the script. */
- parent_pipe_fd = move_to_high_fd (parent_pipe_fd, 1, 64);
-
- pathname = make_dev_fd_filename (parent_pipe_fd);
-#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
-
- if (pathname == 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution"));
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
-
- old_pid = last_made_pid;
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp;
- pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp;
- save_pipeline (1);
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
- pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 1);
- if (pid == 0)
- {
- reset_terminating_signals (); /* XXX */
- free_pushed_string_input ();
- /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */
- restore_original_signals (); /* XXX - what about special builtins? bash-4.2 */
- setup_async_signals ();
- subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB|SUBSHELL_PROCSUB;
- }
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- set_sigchld_handler ();
- stop_making_children ();
- /* XXX - should we only do this in the parent? (as in command subst) */
- pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp;
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
- if (pid < 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("cannot make child for process substitution"));
- free (pathname);
-#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- close (parent_pipe_fd);
- close (child_pipe_fd);
-#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
-
- if (pid > 0)
- {
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- restore_pipeline (1);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- fifo_list[nfifo-1].proc = pid;
-#endif
-
- last_made_pid = old_pid;
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE)
- close_pgrp_pipe ();
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- close (child_pipe_fd);
-#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
-
- return (pathname);
- }
-
- set_sigint_handler ();
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- set_job_control (0);
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
-#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- /* Open the named pipe in the child. */
- fd = open (pathname, open_for_read_in_child ? O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK : O_WRONLY);
- if (fd < 0)
- {
- /* Two separate strings for ease of translation. */
- if (open_for_read_in_child)
- sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for reading"), pathname);
- else
- sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for writing"), pathname);
-
- exit (127);
- }
- if (open_for_read_in_child)
- {
- if (sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fd) < 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"), fd);
- exit (127);
- }
- }
-#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
- fd = child_pipe_fd;
-#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
-
- if (dup2 (fd, open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1) < 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"), pathname,
- open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1);
- exit (127);
- }
-
- if (fd != (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1))
- close (fd);
-
- /* Need to close any files that this process has open to pipes inherited
- from its parent. */
- if (current_fds_to_close)
- {
- close_fd_bitmap (current_fds_to_close);
- current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
- }
-
-#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- /* Make sure we close the parent's end of the pipe and clear the slot
- in the fd list so it is not closed later, if reallocated by, for
- instance, pipe(2). */
- close (parent_pipe_fd);
- dev_fd_list[parent_pipe_fd] = 0;
-#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
-
- /* subshells shouldn't have this flag, which controls using the temporary
- environment for variable lookups. */
- expanding_redir = 0;
-
- result = parse_and_execute (string, "process substitution", (SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST));
-
-#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- /* Make sure we close the named pipe in the child before we exit. */
- close (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1);
-#endif /* !HAVE_DEV_FD */
-
- last_command_exit_value = result;
- result = run_exit_trap ();
- exit (result);
- /*NOTREACHED*/
-}
-#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
-
-/***********************************/
-/* */
-/* Command Substitution */
-/* */
-/***********************************/
-
-static char *
-read_comsub (fd, quoted, rflag)
- int fd, quoted;
- int *rflag;
-{
- char *istring, buf[128], *bufp, *s;
- int istring_index, istring_size, c, tflag, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul;
- ssize_t bufn;
-
- istring = (char *)NULL;
- istring_index = istring_size = bufn = tflag = 0;
-
- for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
- skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL;
-
- /* Read the output of the command through the pipe. This may need to be
- changed to understand multibyte characters in the future. */
- while (1)
- {
- if (fd < 0)
- break;
- if (--bufn <= 0)
- {
- bufn = zread (fd, buf, sizeof (buf));
- if (bufn <= 0)
- break;
- bufp = buf;
- }
- c = *bufp++;
-
- if (c == 0)
- {
-#if 0
- internal_warning ("read_comsub: ignored null byte in input");
-#endif
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Add the character to ISTRING, possibly after resizing it. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size, DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
-
- /* This is essentially quote_string inline */
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) /* || c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL */)
- istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
- /* Escape CTLESC and CTLNUL in the output to protect those characters
- from the rest of the word expansions (word splitting and globbing.)
- This is essentially quote_escapes inline. */
- else if (skip_ctlesc == 0 && c == CTLESC)
- {
- tflag |= W_HASCTLESC;
- istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
- }
- else if ((skip_ctlnul == 0 && c == CTLNUL) || (c == ' ' && (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0)))
- istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
-
- istring[istring_index++] = c;
-
-#if 0
-#if defined (__CYGWIN__)
- if (c == '\n' && istring_index > 1 && istring[istring_index - 2] == '\r')
- {
- istring_index--;
- istring[istring_index - 1] = '\n';
- }
-#endif
-#endif
- }
-
- if (istring)
- istring[istring_index] = '\0';
-
- /* If we read no output, just return now and save ourselves some
- trouble. */
- if (istring_index == 0)
- {
- FREE (istring);
- if (rflag)
- *rflag = tflag;
- return (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- /* Strip trailing newlines from the output of the command. */
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- {
- while (istring_index > 0)
- {
- if (istring[istring_index - 1] == '\n')
- {
- --istring_index;
-
- /* If the newline was quoted, remove the quoting char. */
- if (istring[istring_index - 1] == CTLESC)
- --istring_index;
- }
- else
- break;
- }
- istring[istring_index] = '\0';
- }
- else
- strip_trailing (istring, istring_index - 1, 1);
-
- if (rflag)
- *rflag = tflag;
- return istring;
-}
-
-/* Perform command substitution on STRING. This returns a WORD_DESC * with the
- contained string possibly quoted. */
-WORD_DESC *
-command_substitute (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- pid_t pid, old_pid, old_pipeline_pgrp, old_async_pid;
- char *istring;
- int result, fildes[2], function_value, pflags, rc, tflag;
- WORD_DESC *ret;
-
- istring = (char *)NULL;
-
- /* Don't fork () if there is no need to. In the case of no command to
- run, just return NULL. */
- if (!string || !*string || (string[0] == '\n' && !string[1]))
- return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL);
-
- if (wordexp_only && read_but_dont_execute)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EX_WEXPCOMSUB;
- jump_to_top_level (EXITPROG);
- }
-
- /* We're making the assumption here that the command substitution will
- eventually run a command from the file system. Since we'll run
- maybe_make_export_env in this subshell before executing that command,
- the parent shell and any other shells it starts will have to remake
- the environment. If we make it before we fork, other shells won't
- have to. Don't bother if we have any temporary variable assignments,
- though, because the export environment will be remade after this
- command completes anyway, but do it if all the words to be expanded
- are variable assignments. */
- if (subst_assign_varlist == 0 || garglist == 0)
- maybe_make_export_env (); /* XXX */
-
- /* Flags to pass to parse_and_execute() */
- pflags = (interactive && sourcelevel == 0) ? SEVAL_RESETLINE : 0;
-
- /* Pipe the output of executing STRING into the current shell. */
- if (pipe (fildes) < 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for command substitution"));
- goto error_exit;
- }
-
- old_pid = last_made_pid;
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp;
- /* Don't reset the pipeline pgrp if we're already a subshell in a pipeline. */
- if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PIPE) == 0)
- pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp;
- cleanup_the_pipeline ();
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
- old_async_pid = last_asynchronous_pid;
- pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, subshell_environment&SUBSHELL_ASYNC);
- last_asynchronous_pid = old_async_pid;
-
- if (pid == 0)
- {
- /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the
- trap strings. Set a flag noting that we have to free the
- trap strings if we run trap to change a signal disposition. */
- reset_signal_handlers ();
- subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_RESETTRAP;
- }
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- /* XXX DO THIS ONLY IN PARENT ? XXX */
- set_sigchld_handler ();
- stop_making_children ();
- if (pid != 0)
- pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp;
-#else
- stop_making_children ();
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
- if (pid < 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("cannot make child for command substitution"));
- error_exit:
-
- last_made_pid = old_pid;
-
- FREE (istring);
- close (fildes[0]);
- close (fildes[1]);
- return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL);
- }
-
- if (pid == 0)
- {
- set_sigint_handler (); /* XXX */
-
- free_pushed_string_input ();
-
- if (dup2 (fildes[1], 1) < 0)
- {
- sys_error (_("command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"));
- exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
- }
-
- /* If standard output is closed in the parent shell
- (such as after `exec >&-'), file descriptor 1 will be
- the lowest available file descriptor, and end up in
- fildes[0]. This can happen for stdin and stderr as well,
- but stdout is more important -- it will cause no output
- to be generated from this command. */
- if ((fildes[1] != fileno (stdin)) &&
- (fildes[1] != fileno (stdout)) &&
- (fildes[1] != fileno (stderr)))
- close (fildes[1]);
-
- if ((fildes[0] != fileno (stdin)) &&
- (fildes[0] != fileno (stdout)) &&
- (fildes[0] != fileno (stderr)))
- close (fildes[0]);
-
-#ifdef __CYGWIN__
- /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode, and
- make sure to preserve stdout line buffering. */
- freopen (NULL, "w", stdout);
- sh_setlinebuf (stdout);
-#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
-
- /* The currently executing shell is not interactive. */
- interactive = 0;
-
- /* This is a subshell environment. */
- subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB;
-
- /* When not in POSIX mode, command substitution does not inherit
- the -e flag. */
- if (posixly_correct == 0)
- {
- builtin_ignoring_errexit = 0;
- change_flag ('e', FLAG_OFF);
- set_shellopts ();
- }
-
- remove_quoted_escapes (string);
-
- startup_state = 2; /* see if we can avoid a fork */
- /* Give command substitution a place to jump back to on failure,
- so we don't go back up to main (). */
- result = setjmp_nosigs (top_level);
-
- /* If we're running a command substitution inside a shell function,
- trap `return' so we don't return from the function in the subshell
- and go off to never-never land. */
- if (result == 0 && return_catch_flag)
- function_value = setjmp_nosigs (return_catch);
- else
- function_value = 0;
-
- if (result == ERREXIT)
- rc = last_command_exit_value;
- else if (result == EXITPROG)
- rc = last_command_exit_value;
- else if (result)
- rc = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- else if (function_value)
- rc = return_catch_value;
- else
- {
- subshell_level++;
- rc = parse_and_execute (string, "command substitution", pflags|SEVAL_NOHIST);
- subshell_level--;
- }
-
- last_command_exit_value = rc;
- rc = run_exit_trap ();
-#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
- unlink_fifo_list ();
-#endif
- exit (rc);
- }
- else
- {
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE)
- close_pgrp_pipe ();
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */
-
- close (fildes[1]);
-
- tflag = 0;
- istring = read_comsub (fildes[0], quoted, &tflag);
-
- close (fildes[0]);
-
- current_command_subst_pid = pid;
- last_command_exit_value = wait_for (pid);
- last_command_subst_pid = pid;
- last_made_pid = old_pid;
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- /* If last_command_exit_value > 128, then the substituted command
- was terminated by a signal. If that signal was SIGINT, then send
- SIGINT to ourselves. This will break out of loops, for instance. */
- if (last_command_exit_value == (128 + SIGINT) && last_command_exit_signal == SIGINT)
- kill (getpid (), SIGINT);
-
- /* wait_for gives the terminal back to shell_pgrp. If some other
- process group should have it, give it away to that group here.
- pipeline_pgrp is non-zero only while we are constructing a
- pipline, so what we are concerned about is whether or not that
- pipeline was started in the background. A pipeline started in
- the background should never get the tty back here. */
- if (interactive && pipeline_pgrp != (pid_t)0 && (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0)
- give_terminal_to (pipeline_pgrp, 0);
-#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
-
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = istring;
- ret->flags = tflag;
-
- return ret;
- }
-}
-
-/********************************************************
- * *
- * Utility functions for parameter expansion *
- * *
- ********************************************************/
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-
-static arrayind_t
-array_length_reference (s)
- char *s;
-{
- int len;
- arrayind_t ind;
- char *akey;
- char *t, c;
- ARRAY *array;
- HASH_TABLE *h;
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = array_variable_part (s, &t, &len);
-
- /* If unbound variables should generate an error, report one and return
- failure. */
- if ((var == 0 || invisible_p (var) || (assoc_p (var) == 0 && array_p (var) == 0)) && unbound_vars_is_error)
- {
- c = *--t;
- *t = '\0';
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (s);
- *t = c;
- return (-1);
- }
- else if (var == 0 || invisible_p (var))
- return 0;
-
- /* We support a couple of expansions for variables that are not arrays.
- We'll return the length of the value for v[0], and 1 for v[@] or
- v[*]. Return 0 for everything else. */
-
- array = array_p (var) ? array_cell (var) : (ARRAY *)NULL;
- h = assoc_p (var) ? assoc_cell (var) : (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
-
- if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (t[0]) && t[1] == ']')
- {
- if (assoc_p (var))
- return (h ? assoc_num_elements (h) : 0);
- else if (array_p (var))
- return (array ? array_num_elements (array) : 0);
- else
- return (var_isset (var) ? 1 : 0);
- }
-
- if (assoc_p (var))
- {
- t[len - 1] = '\0';
- akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0); /* [ */
- t[len - 1] = ']';
- if (akey == 0 || *akey == 0)
- {
- err_badarraysub (t);
- FREE (akey);
- return (-1);
- }
- t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), akey);
- free (akey);
- }
- else
- {
- ind = array_expand_index (var, t, len);
- /* negative subscripts to indexed arrays count back from end */
- if (var && array_p (var) && ind < 0)
- ind = array_max_index (array_cell (var)) + 1 + ind;
- if (ind < 0)
- {
- err_badarraysub (t);
- return (-1);
- }
- if (array_p (var))
- t = array_reference (array, ind);
- else
- t = (ind == 0) ? value_cell (var) : (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- len = MB_STRLEN (t);
- return (len);
-}
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
-static int
-valid_brace_expansion_word (name, var_is_special)
- char *name;
- int var_is_special;
-{
- if (DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name))
- return 1;
- else if (var_is_special)
- return 1;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (valid_array_reference (name))
- return 1;
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
- else if (legal_identifier (name))
- return 1;
- else
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
- char *name;
- int quoted;
- int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at;
-{
- char *temp1;
-
- if (name == 0)
- {
- if (quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 0;
- return 0;
- }
-
- /* check for $@ and $* */
- if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == 0)
- {
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
- return 1;
- }
- else if (name[0] == '*' && name[1] == '\0' && quoted == 0)
- {
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
- return 1;
- }
-
- /* Now check for ${array[@]} and ${array[*]} */
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (valid_array_reference (name))
- {
- temp1 = mbschr (name, '[');
- if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '@' && temp1[2] == ']')
- {
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
- return 1;
- } /* [ */
- /* ${array[*]}, when unquoted, should be treated like ${array[@]},
- which should result in separate words even when IFS is unset. */
- if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '*' && temp1[2] == ']' && quoted == 0)
- {
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
- return 1;
- }
- }
-#endif
- return 0;
-}
-
-/* Parameter expand NAME, and return a new string which is the expansion,
- or NULL if there was no expansion.
- VAR_IS_SPECIAL is non-zero if NAME is one of the special variables in
- the shell, e.g., "@", "$", "*", etc. QUOTED, if non-zero, means that
- NAME was found inside of a double-quoted expression. */
-static WORD_DESC *
-parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, pflags, indp)
- char *name;
- int var_is_special, quoted, pflags;
- arrayind_t *indp;
-{
- WORD_DESC *ret;
- char *temp, *tt;
- intmax_t arg_index;
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- int atype, rflags;
- arrayind_t ind;
-
- ret = 0;
- temp = 0;
- rflags = 0;
-
- if (indp)
- *indp = INTMAX_MIN;
-
- /* Handle multiple digit arguments, as in ${11}. */
- if (legal_number (name, &arg_index))
- {
- tt = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index);
- if (tt)
- temp = (*tt && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
- ? quote_string (tt)
- : quote_escapes (tt);
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- FREE (tt);
- }
- else if (var_is_special) /* ${@} */
- {
- int sindex;
- tt = (char *)xmalloc (2 + strlen (name));
- tt[sindex = 0] = '$';
- strcpy (tt + 1, name);
-
- ret = param_expand (tt, &sindex, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL,
- (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, pflags);
- free (tt);
- }
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (valid_array_reference (name))
- {
-expand_arrayref:
- /* XXX - does this leak if name[@] or name[*]? */
- if (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS)
- {
- temp = array_variable_name (name, &tt, (int *)0);
- if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (tt[0]) && tt[1] == ']')
- temp = array_value (name, quoted|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0, &atype, &ind);
- else
- temp = array_value (name, quoted, 0, &atype, &ind);
- }
- else
- temp = array_value (name, quoted, 0, &atype, &ind);
- if (atype == 0 && temp)
- {
- temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
- ? quote_string (temp)
- : quote_escapes (temp);
- rflags |= W_ARRAYIND;
- if (indp)
- *indp = ind;
- }
- else if (atype == 1 && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
- rflags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- }
-#endif
- else if (var = find_variable (name))
- {
- if (var_isset (var) && invisible_p (var) == 0)
- {
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (assoc_p (var))
- temp = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
- else if (array_p (var))
- temp = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0);
- else
- temp = value_cell (var);
-#else
- temp = value_cell (var);
-#endif
-
- if (temp)
- temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
- ? quote_string (temp)
- : quote_escapes (temp);
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
- else if (var = find_variable_last_nameref (name))
- {
- temp = nameref_cell (var);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* Handle expanding nameref whose value is x[n] */
- if (temp && *temp && valid_array_reference (temp))
- {
- name = temp;
- goto expand_arrayref;
- }
- else
-#endif
- /* y=2 ; typeset -n x=y; echo ${x} is not the same as echo ${2} in ksh */
- if (temp && *temp && legal_identifier (temp) == 0)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("%s: invalid variable name for name reference"), temp);
- temp = &expand_param_error;
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
- if (ret == 0)
- {
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = temp;
- ret->flags |= rflags;
- }
- return ret;
-}
-
-static char *
-parameter_brace_find_indir (name, var_is_special, quoted, find_nameref)
- char *name;
- int var_is_special, quoted, find_nameref;
-{
- char *temp, *t;
- WORD_DESC *w;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- if (find_nameref && var_is_special == 0 && (v = find_variable_last_nameref (name)) &&
- nameref_p (v) && (t = nameref_cell (v)) && *t)
- return (savestring (t));
-
- /* If var_is_special == 0, and name is not an array reference, this does
- more expansion than necessary. It should really look up the variable's
- value and not try to expand it. */
- w = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND, 0);
- t = w->word;
- /* Have to dequote here if necessary */
- if (t)
- {
- temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
- ? dequote_string (t)
- : dequote_escapes (t);
- free (t);
- t = temp;
- }
- dispose_word_desc (w);
-
- return t;
-}
-
-/* Expand an indirect reference to a variable: ${!NAME} expands to the
- value of the variable whose name is the value of NAME. */
-static WORD_DESC *
-parameter_brace_expand_indir (name, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
- char *name;
- int var_is_special, quoted;
- int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at;
-{
- char *temp, *t;
- WORD_DESC *w;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- /* See if it's a nameref first, behave in ksh93-compatible fashion.
- There is at least one incompatibility: given ${!foo[0]} where foo=bar,
- bash performs an indirect lookup on foo[0] and expands the result;
- ksh93 expands bar[0]. We could do that here -- there are enough usable
- primitives to do that -- but do not at this point. */
- if (var_is_special == 0 && (v = find_variable_last_nameref (name)))
- {
- if (nameref_p (v) && (t = nameref_cell (v)) && *t)
- {
- w = alloc_word_desc ();
- w->word = savestring (t);
- w->flags = 0;
- return w;
- }
- }
-
- t = parameter_brace_find_indir (name, var_is_special, quoted, 0);
-
- chk_atstar (t, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
- if (t == 0)
- return (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
-
- w = parameter_brace_expand_word (t, SPECIAL_VAR(t, 0), quoted, 0, 0);
- free (t);
-
- return w;
-}
-
-/* Expand the right side of a parameter expansion of the form ${NAMEcVALUE},
- depending on the value of C, the separating character. C can be one of
- "-", "+", or "=". QUOTED is true if the entire brace expression occurs
- between double quotes. */
-static WORD_DESC *
-parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted, qdollaratp, hasdollarat)
- char *name, *value;
- int c, quoted, *qdollaratp, *hasdollarat;
-{
- WORD_DESC *w;
- WORD_LIST *l;
- char *t, *t1, *temp;
- int hasdol;
-
- /* If the entire expression is between double quotes, we want to treat
- the value as a double-quoted string, with the exception that we strip
- embedded unescaped double quotes (for sh backwards compatibility). */
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *value)
- {
- hasdol = 0;
- temp = string_extract_double_quoted (value, &hasdol, 1);
- }
- else
- temp = value;
-
- w = alloc_word_desc ();
- hasdol = 0;
- /* XXX was 0 not quoted */
- l = *temp ? expand_string_for_rhs (temp, quoted, &hasdol, (int *)NULL)
- : (WORD_LIST *)0;
- if (hasdollarat)
- *hasdollarat = hasdol || (l && l->next);
- if (temp != value)
- free (temp);
- if (l)
- {
- /* The expansion of TEMP returned something. We need to treat things
- slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero. If we have "$@", the
- individual words have already been quoted. We need to turn them
- into a string with the words separated by the first character of
- $IFS without any additional quoting, so string_list_dollar_at won't
- do the right thing. We use string_list_dollar_star instead. */
- temp = (hasdol || l->next) ? string_list_dollar_star (l) : string_list (l);
-
- /* If l->next is not null, we know that TEMP contained "$@", since that
- is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */
- if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next))
- *qdollaratp = 1;
- /* If we have a quoted null result (QUOTED_NULL(temp)) and the word is
- a quoted null (l->next == 0 && QUOTED_NULL(l->word->word)), the
- flags indicate it (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL), and the
- expansion is quoted (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- (which is more paranoia than anything else), we need to return the
- quoted null string and set the flags to indicate it. */
- if (l->next == 0 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && QUOTED_NULL (l->word->word) && (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
- {
- w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- }
- dispose_words (l);
- }
- else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && hasdol)
- {
- /* The brace expansion occurred between double quotes and there was
- a $@ in TEMP. It does not matter if the $@ is quoted, as long as
- it does not expand to anything. In this case, we want to return
- a quoted empty string. */
- temp = make_quoted_char ('\0');
- w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
- if (c == '-' || c == '+')
- {
- w->word = temp;
- return w;
- }
-
- /* c == '=' */
- t = temp ? savestring (temp) : savestring ("");
- t1 = dequote_string (t);
- free (t);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (valid_array_reference (name))
- assign_array_element (name, t1, 0);
- else
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
- bind_variable (name, t1, 0);
-#if 0
- if (STREQ (name, "IFS") == 0)
-#endif
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
-
- /* From Posix group discussion Feb-March 2010. Issue 7 0000221 */
- free (temp);
-
- w->word = t1;
- return w;
-}
-
-/* Deal with the right hand side of a ${name:?value} expansion in the case
- that NAME is null or not set. If VALUE is non-null it is expanded and
- used as the error message to print, otherwise a standard message is
- printed. */
-static void
-parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value)
- char *name, *value;
-{
- WORD_LIST *l;
- char *temp;
-
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* ensure it's non-zero */
- if (value && *value)
- {
- l = expand_string (value, 0);
- temp = string_list (l);
- report_error ("%s: %s", name, temp ? temp : ""); /* XXX was value not "" */
- FREE (temp);
- dispose_words (l);
- }
- else
- report_error (_("%s: parameter null or not set"), name);
-
- /* Free the data we have allocated during this expansion, since we
- are about to longjmp out. */
- free (name);
- FREE (value);
-}
-
-/* Return 1 if NAME is something for which parameter_brace_expand_length is
- OK to do. */
-static int
-valid_length_expression (name)
- char *name;
-{
- return (name[1] == '\0' || /* ${#} */
- ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0') || /* special param */
- (DIGIT (name[1]) && all_digits (name + 1)) || /* ${#11} */
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- valid_array_reference (name + 1) || /* ${#a[7]} */
-#endif
- legal_identifier (name + 1)); /* ${#PS1} */
-}
-
-/* Handle the parameter brace expansion that requires us to return the
- length of a parameter. */
-static intmax_t
-parameter_brace_expand_length (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *t, *newname;
- intmax_t number, arg_index;
- WORD_LIST *list;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-#endif
-
- if (name[1] == '\0') /* ${#} */
- number = number_of_args ();
- else if ((name[1] == '@' || name[1] == '*') && name[2] == '\0') /* ${#@}, ${#*} */
- number = number_of_args ();
- else if ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0')
- {
- /* Take the lengths of some of the shell's special parameters. */
- switch (name[1])
- {
- case '-':
- t = which_set_flags ();
- break;
- case '?':
- t = itos (last_command_exit_value);
- break;
- case '$':
- t = itos (dollar_dollar_pid);
- break;
- case '!':
- if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID)
- t = (char *)NULL; /* XXX - error if set -u set? */
- else
- t = itos (last_asynchronous_pid);
- break;
- case '#':
- t = itos (number_of_args ());
- break;
- }
- number = STRLEN (t);
- FREE (t);
- }
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (valid_array_reference (name + 1))
- number = array_length_reference (name + 1);
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
- else
- {
- number = 0;
-
- if (legal_number (name + 1, &arg_index)) /* ${#1} */
- {
- t = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index);
- if (t == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error)
- return INTMAX_MIN;
- number = MB_STRLEN (t);
- FREE (t);
- }
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if ((var = find_variable (name + 1)) && (invisible_p (var) == 0) && (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var)))
- {
- if (assoc_p (var))
- t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
- else
- t = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0);
- if (t == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error)
- return INTMAX_MIN;
- number = MB_STRLEN (t);
- }
-#endif
- else /* ${#PS1} */
- {
- newname = savestring (name);
- newname[0] = '$';
- list = expand_string (newname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
- t = list ? string_list (list) : (char *)NULL;
- free (newname);
- if (list)
- dispose_words (list);
-
- number = t ? MB_STRLEN (t) : 0;
- FREE (t);
- }
- }
-
- return (number);
-}
-
-/* Skip characters in SUBSTR until DELIM. SUBSTR is an arithmetic expression,
- so we do some ad-hoc parsing of an arithmetic expression to find
- the first DELIM, instead of using strchr(3). Two rules:
- 1. If the substring contains a `(', read until closing `)'.
- 2. If the substring contains a `?', read past one `:' for each `?'.
-*/
-
-static char *
-skiparith (substr, delim)
- char *substr;
- int delim;
-{
- size_t sublen;
- int skipcol, pcount, i;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- sublen = strlen (substr);
- i = skipcol = pcount = 0;
- while (substr[i])
- {
- /* Balance parens */
- if (substr[i] == LPAREN)
- {
- pcount++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- if (substr[i] == RPAREN && pcount)
- {
- pcount--;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- if (pcount)
- {
- ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i);
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Skip one `:' for each `?' */
- if (substr[i] == ':' && skipcol)
- {
- skipcol--;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- if (substr[i] == delim)
- break;
- if (substr[i] == '?')
- {
- skipcol++;
- i++;
- continue;
- }
- ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i);
- }
-
- return (substr + i);
-}
-
-/* Verify and limit the start and end of the desired substring. If
- VTYPE == 0, a regular shell variable is being used; if it is 1,
- then the positional parameters are being used; if it is 2, then
- VALUE is really a pointer to an array variable that should be used.
- Return value is 1 if both values were OK, 0 if there was a problem
- with an invalid expression, or -1 if the values were out of range. */
-static int
-verify_substring_values (v, value, substr, vtype, e1p, e2p)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- char *value, *substr;
- int vtype;
- intmax_t *e1p, *e2p;
-{
- char *t, *temp1, *temp2;
- arrayind_t len;
- int expok;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- ARRAY *a;
- HASH_TABLE *h;
-#endif
-
- /* duplicate behavior of strchr(3) */
- t = skiparith (substr, ':');
- if (*t && *t == ':')
- *t = '\0';
- else
- t = (char *)0;
-
- temp1 = expand_arith_string (substr, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
- *e1p = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
- free (temp1);
- if (expok == 0)
- return (0);
-
- len = -1; /* paranoia */
- switch (vtype)
- {
- case VT_VARIABLE:
- case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
- len = MB_STRLEN (value);
- break;
- case VT_POSPARMS:
- len = number_of_args () + 1;
- if (*e1p == 0)
- len++; /* add one arg if counting from $0 */
- break;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- case VT_ARRAYVAR:
- /* For arrays, the first value deals with array indices. Negative
- offsets count from one past the array's maximum index. Associative
- arrays treat the number of elements as the maximum index. */
- if (assoc_p (v))
- {
- h = assoc_cell (v);
- len = assoc_num_elements (h) + (*e1p < 0);
- }
- else
- {
- a = (ARRAY *)value;
- len = array_max_index (a) + (*e1p < 0); /* arrays index from 0 to n - 1 */
- }
- break;
-#endif
- }
-
- if (len == -1) /* paranoia */
- return -1;
-
- if (*e1p < 0) /* negative offsets count from end */
- *e1p += len;
-
- if (*e1p > len || *e1p < 0)
- return (-1);
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* For arrays, the second offset deals with the number of elements. */
- if (vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR)
- len = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_num_elements (h) : array_num_elements (a);
-#endif
-
- if (t)
- {
- t++;
- temp2 = savestring (t);
- temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
- free (temp2);
- t[-1] = ':';
- *e2p = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
- free (temp1);
- if (expok == 0)
- return (0);
-#if 1
- if ((vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR || vtype == VT_POSPARMS) && *e2p < 0)
-#else
- /* bash-4.3: allow positional parameter length < 0 to count backwards
- from end of positional parameters */
- if (vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR && *e2p < 0)
-#endif
- {
- internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
- return (0);
- }
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* In order to deal with sparse arrays, push the intelligence about how
- to deal with the number of elements desired down to the array-
- specific functions. */
- if (vtype != VT_ARRAYVAR)
-#endif
- {
- if (*e2p < 0)
- {
- *e2p += len;
- if (*e2p < 0 || *e2p < *e1p)
- {
- internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
- return (0);
- }
- }
- else
- *e2p += *e1p; /* want E2 chars starting at E1 */
- if (*e2p > len)
- *e2p = len;
- }
- }
- else
- *e2p = len;
-
- return (1);
-}
-
-/* Return the type of variable specified by VARNAME (simple variable,
- positional param, or array variable). Also return the value specified
- by VARNAME (value of a variable or a reference to an array element).
- QUOTED is the standard description of quoting state, using Q_* defines.
- FLAGS is currently a set of flags to pass to array_value. If IND is
- non-null and not INTMAX_MIN, and FLAGS includes AV_USEIND, IND is
- passed to array_value so the array index is not computed again.
- If this returns VT_VARIABLE, the caller assumes that CTLESC and CTLNUL
- characters in the value are quoted with CTLESC and takes appropriate
- steps. For convenience, *VALP is set to the dequoted VALUE. */
-static int
-get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, varp, valp)
- char *varname, *value;
- arrayind_t ind;
- int quoted, flags;
- SHELL_VAR **varp;
- char **valp;
-{
- int vtype, want_indir;
- char *temp, *vname;
- WORD_DESC *wd;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-#endif
- arrayind_t lind;
-
- wd = 0;
- want_indir = *varname == '!' &&
- (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)varname[1]) || DIGIT (varname[1])
- || VALID_INDIR_PARAM (varname[1]));
- if (want_indir)
- {
- wd = parameter_brace_find_indir (varname+1, SPECIAL_VAR (varname, 1), quoted, 1);
- vname = wd->word;
- }
- else
- vname = varname;
-
- /* This sets vtype to VT_VARIABLE or VT_POSPARMS */
- vtype = (vname[0] == '@' || vname[0] == '*') && vname[1] == '\0';
- if (vtype == VT_POSPARMS && vname[0] == '*')
- vtype |= VT_STARSUB;
- *varp = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (valid_array_reference (vname))
- {
- v = array_variable_part (vname, &temp, (int *)0);
- /* If we want to signal array_value to use an already-computed index,
- set LIND to that index */
- lind = (ind != INTMAX_MIN && (flags & AV_USEIND)) ? ind : 0;
- if (v && invisible_p (v))
- {
- vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
- *varp = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
- *valp = (char *)NULL;
- }
- if (v && (array_p (v) || assoc_p (v)))
- { /* [ */
- if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']')
- {
- /* Callers have to differentiate betwen indexed and associative */
- vtype = VT_ARRAYVAR;
- if (temp[0] == '*')
- vtype |= VT_STARSUB;
- *valp = array_p (v) ? (char *)array_cell (v) : (char *)assoc_cell (v);
- }
- else
- {
- vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
- *valp = array_value (vname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, flags, (int *)NULL, &lind);
- }
- *varp = v;
- }
- else if (v && (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']'))
- {
- vtype = VT_VARIABLE;
- *varp = v;
- if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
- *valp = dequote_string (value);
- else
- *valp = dequote_escapes (value);
- }
- else
- {
- vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
- *varp = v;
- *valp = array_value (vname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, flags, (int *)NULL, &lind);
- }
- }
- else if ((v = find_variable (vname)) && (invisible_p (v) == 0) && (assoc_p (v) || array_p (v)))
- {
- vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
- *varp = v;
- *valp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_reference (assoc_cell (v), "0") : array_reference (array_cell (v), 0);
- }
- else
-#endif
- {
- if (value && vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
- {
- if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
- *valp = dequote_string (value);
- else
- *valp = dequote_escapes (value);
- }
- else
- *valp = value;
- }
-
- return vtype;
-}
-
-/******************************************************/
-/* */
-/* Functions to extract substrings of variable values */
-/* */
-/******************************************************/
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
-/* Character-oriented rather than strictly byte-oriented substrings. S and
- E, rather being strict indices into STRING, indicate character (possibly
- multibyte character) positions that require calculation.
- Used by the ${param:offset[:length]} expansion. */
-static char *
-mb_substring (string, s, e)
- char *string;
- int s, e;
-{
- char *tt;
- int start, stop, i, slen;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- start = 0;
- /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
- slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? STRLEN (string) : 0;
-
- i = s;
- while (string[start] && i--)
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, start);
- stop = start;
- i = e - s;
- while (string[stop] && i--)
- ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, stop);
- tt = substring (string, start, stop);
- return tt;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Process a variable substring expansion: ${name:e1[:e2]}. If VARNAME
- is `@', use the positional parameters; otherwise, use the value of
- VARNAME. If VARNAME is an array variable, use the array elements. */
-
-static char *
-parameter_brace_substring (varname, value, ind, substr, quoted, flags)
- char *varname, *value;
- int ind;
- char *substr;
- int quoted, flags;
-{
- intmax_t e1, e2;
- int vtype, r, starsub;
- char *temp, *val, *tt, *oname;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- if (value == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- oname = this_command_name;
- this_command_name = varname;
-
- vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
- if (vtype == -1)
- {
- this_command_name = oname;
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
-
- starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
- vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
-
- r = verify_substring_values (v, val, substr, vtype, &e1, &e2);
- this_command_name = oname;
- if (r <= 0)
- {
- if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
- FREE (val);
- return ((r == 0) ? &expand_param_error : (char *)NULL);
- }
-
- switch (vtype)
- {
- case VT_VARIABLE:
- case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
- tt = mb_substring (val, e1, e2);
- else
-#endif
- tt = substring (val, e1, e2);
-
- if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
- FREE (val);
- if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
- temp = quote_string (tt);
- else
- temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL;
- FREE (tt);
- break;
- case VT_POSPARMS:
- tt = pos_params (varname, e1, e2, quoted);
- if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0)
- {
- temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL;
- FREE (tt);
- }
- else
- temp = tt;
- break;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- case VT_ARRAYVAR:
- if (assoc_p (v))
- /* we convert to list and take first e2 elements starting at e1th
- element -- officially undefined for now */
- temp = assoc_subrange (assoc_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted);
- else
- /* We want E2 to be the number of elements desired (arrays can be sparse,
- so verify_substring_values just returns the numbers specified and we
- rely on array_subrange to understand how to deal with them). */
- temp = array_subrange (array_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted);
- /* array_subrange now calls array_quote_escapes as appropriate, so the
- caller no longer needs to. */
- break;
-#endif
- default:
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- return temp;
-}
-
-/****************************************************************/
-/* */
-/* Functions to perform pattern substitution on variable values */
-/* */
-/****************************************************************/
-
-static int
-shouldexp_replacement (s)
- char *s;
-{
- register char *p;
-
- for (p = s; p && *p; p++)
- {
- if (*p == '\\')
- p++;
- else if (*p == '&')
- return 1;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-char *
-pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags)
- char *string, *pat, *rep;
- int mflags;
-{
- char *ret, *s, *e, *str, *rstr, *mstr;
- int rsize, rptr, l, replen, mtype, rxpand, rslen, mlen;
-
- if (string == 0)
- return (savestring (""));
-
- mtype = mflags & MATCH_TYPEMASK;
-
-#if 0 /* bash-4.2 ? */
- rxpand = (rep && *rep) ? shouldexp_replacement (rep) : 0;
-#else
- rxpand = 0;
-#endif
-
- /* Special cases:
- * 1. A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_BEG means to prefix STRING
- * with REP and return the result.
- * 2. A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_END means to append REP to
- * STRING and return the result.
- * These don't understand or process `&' in the replacement string.
- */
- if ((pat == 0 || *pat == 0) && (mtype == MATCH_BEG || mtype == MATCH_END))
- {
- replen = STRLEN (rep);
- l = STRLEN (string);
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (replen + l + 2);
- if (replen == 0)
- strcpy (ret, string);
- else if (mtype == MATCH_BEG)
- {
- strcpy (ret, rep);
- strcpy (ret + replen, string);
- }
- else
- {
- strcpy (ret, string);
- strcpy (ret + l, rep);
- }
- return (ret);
- }
-
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (rsize = 64);
- ret[0] = '\0';
-
- for (replen = STRLEN (rep), rptr = 0, str = string;;)
- {
- if (match_pattern (str, pat, mtype, &s, &e) == 0)
- break;
- l = s - str;
-
- if (rxpand)
- {
- int x;
- mlen = e - s;
- mstr = xmalloc (mlen + 1);
- for (x = 0; x < mlen; x++)
- mstr[x] = s[x];
- mstr[mlen] = '\0';
- rstr = strcreplace (rep, '&', mstr, 0);
- rslen = strlen (rstr);
- }
- else
- {
- rstr = rep;
- rslen = replen;
- }
-
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, (l + rslen), rsize, 64);
-
- /* OK, now copy the leading unmatched portion of the string (from
- str to s) to ret starting at rptr (the current offset). Then copy
- the replacement string at ret + rptr + (s - str). Increment
- rptr (if necessary) and str and go on. */
- if (l)
- {
- strncpy (ret + rptr, str, l);
- rptr += l;
- }
- if (replen)
- {
- strncpy (ret + rptr, rstr, rslen);
- rptr += rslen;
- }
- str = e; /* e == end of match */
-
- if (rstr != rep)
- free (rstr);
-
- if (((mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP) == 0) || mtype != MATCH_ANY)
- break;
-
- if (s == e)
- {
- /* On a zero-length match, make sure we copy one character, since
- we increment one character to avoid infinite recursion. */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, 1, rsize, 64);
- ret[rptr++] = *str++;
- e++; /* avoid infinite recursion on zero-length match */
- }
- }
-
- /* Now copy the unmatched portion of the input string */
- if (str && *str)
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, STRLEN(str) + 1, rsize, 64);
- strcpy (ret + rptr, str);
- }
- else
- ret[rptr] = '\0';
-
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Do pattern match and replacement on the positional parameters. */
-static char *
-pos_params_pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags)
- char *string, *pat, *rep;
- int mflags;
-{
- WORD_LIST *save, *params;
- WORD_DESC *w;
- char *ret;
- int pchar, qflags;
-
- save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
- if (save == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- for ( ; params; params = params->next)
- {
- ret = pat_subst (params->word->word, pat, rep, mflags);
- w = alloc_word_desc ();
- w->word = ret ? ret : savestring ("");
- dispose_word (params->word);
- params->word = w;
- }
-
- pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@';
- qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0;
-
- ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags);
-
- dispose_words (save);
-
- return (ret);
-}
-
-/* Perform pattern substitution on VALUE, which is the expansion of
- VARNAME. PATSUB is an expression supplying the pattern to match
- and the string to substitute. QUOTED is a flags word containing
- the type of quoting currently in effect. */
-static char *
-parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, ind, patsub, quoted, flags)
- char *varname, *value;
- int ind;
- char *patsub;
- int quoted, flags;
-{
- int vtype, mflags, starsub, delim;
- char *val, *temp, *pat, *rep, *p, *lpatsub, *tt;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- if (value == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- this_command_name = varname;
-
- vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
- if (vtype == -1)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
- vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
-
- mflags = 0;
- /* PATSUB is never NULL when this is called. */
- if (*patsub == '/')
- {
- mflags |= MATCH_GLOBREP;
- patsub++;
- }
-
- /* Malloc this because expand_string_if_necessary or one of the expansion
- functions in its call chain may free it on a substitution error. */
- lpatsub = savestring (patsub);
-
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED;
-
- if (starsub)
- mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB;
-
- /* If the pattern starts with a `/', make sure we skip over it when looking
- for the replacement delimiter. */
- delim = skip_to_delim (lpatsub, ((*patsub == '/') ? 1 : 0), "/", 0);
- if (lpatsub[delim] == '/')
- {
- lpatsub[delim] = 0;
- rep = lpatsub + delim + 1;
- }
- else
- rep = (char *)NULL;
-
- if (rep && *rep == '\0')
- rep = (char *)NULL;
-
- /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the
- pattern removal expansions. */
- pat = getpattern (lpatsub, quoted, 1);
-
- if (rep)
- {
- /* We want to perform quote removal on the expanded replacement even if
- the entire expansion is double-quoted because the parser and string
- extraction functions treated quotes in the replacement string as
- special. THIS IS NOT BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE WITH BASH-4.2. */
- if (shell_compatibility_level > 42)
- rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted & ~(Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT), expand_string_unsplit);
- /* This is the bash-4.2 code. */
- else if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
- rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
- else
- rep = expand_string_to_string_internal (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
- }
-
- /* ksh93 doesn't allow the match specifier to be a part of the expanded
- pattern. This is an extension. Make sure we don't anchor the pattern
- at the beginning or end of the string if we're doing global replacement,
- though. */
- p = pat;
- if (mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP)
- mflags |= MATCH_ANY;
- else if (pat && pat[0] == '#')
- {
- mflags |= MATCH_BEG;
- p++;
- }
- else if (pat && pat[0] == '%')
- {
- mflags |= MATCH_END;
- p++;
- }
- else
- mflags |= MATCH_ANY;
-
- /* OK, we now want to substitute REP for PAT in VAL. If
- flags & MATCH_GLOBREP is non-zero, the substitution is done
- everywhere, otherwise only the first occurrence of PAT is
- replaced. The pattern matching code doesn't understand
- CTLESC quoting CTLESC and CTLNUL so we use the dequoted variable
- values passed in (VT_VARIABLE) so the pattern substitution
- code works right. We need to requote special chars after
- we're done for VT_VARIABLE and VT_ARRAYMEMBER, and for the
- other cases if QUOTED == 0, since the posparams and arrays
- indexed by * or @ do special things when QUOTED != 0. */
-
- switch (vtype)
- {
- case VT_VARIABLE:
- case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
- temp = pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags);
- if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
- FREE (val);
- if (temp)
- {
- tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp);
- free (temp);
- temp = tt;
- }
- break;
- case VT_POSPARMS:
- temp = pos_params_pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags);
- if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
- {
- tt = quote_escapes (temp);
- free (temp);
- temp = tt;
- }
- break;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- case VT_ARRAYVAR:
- temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_patsub (assoc_cell (v), p, rep, mflags)
- : array_patsub (array_cell (v), p, rep, mflags);
- /* Don't call quote_escapes anymore; array_patsub calls
- array_quote_escapes as appropriate before adding the
- space separators; ditto for assoc_patsub. */
- break;
-#endif
- }
-
- FREE (pat);
- FREE (rep);
- free (lpatsub);
-
- return temp;
-}
-
-/****************************************************************/
-/* */
-/* Functions to perform case modification on variable values */
-/* */
-/****************************************************************/
-
-/* Do case modification on the positional parameters. */
-
-static char *
-pos_params_modcase (string, pat, modop, mflags)
- char *string, *pat;
- int modop;
- int mflags;
-{
- WORD_LIST *save, *params;
- WORD_DESC *w;
- char *ret;
- int pchar, qflags;
-
- save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
- if (save == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- for ( ; params; params = params->next)
- {
- ret = sh_modcase (params->word->word, pat, modop);
- w = alloc_word_desc ();
- w->word = ret ? ret : savestring ("");
- dispose_word (params->word);
- params->word = w;
- }
-
- pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@';
- qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0;
-
- ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags);
- dispose_words (save);
-
- return (ret);
-}
-
-/* Perform case modification on VALUE, which is the expansion of
- VARNAME. MODSPEC is an expression supplying the type of modification
- to perform. QUOTED is a flags word containing the type of quoting
- currently in effect. */
-static char *
-parameter_brace_casemod (varname, value, ind, modspec, patspec, quoted, flags)
- char *varname, *value;
- int ind, modspec;
- char *patspec;
- int quoted, flags;
-{
- int vtype, starsub, modop, mflags, x;
- char *val, *temp, *pat, *p, *lpat, *tt;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- if (value == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- this_command_name = varname;
-
- vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, &v, &val);
- if (vtype == -1)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
- vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
-
- modop = 0;
- mflags = 0;
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED;
- if (starsub)
- mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB;
-
- p = patspec;
- if (modspec == '^')
- {
- x = p && p[0] == modspec;
- modop = x ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_UPFIRST;
- p += x;
- }
- else if (modspec == ',')
- {
- x = p && p[0] == modspec;
- modop = x ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_LOWFIRST;
- p += x;
- }
- else if (modspec == '~')
- {
- x = p && p[0] == modspec;
- modop = x ? CASE_TOGGLEALL : CASE_TOGGLE;
- p += x;
- }
-
- lpat = p ? savestring (p) : 0;
- /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the
- pattern removal expansions. FOR LATER */
- pat = lpat ? getpattern (lpat, quoted, 1) : 0;
-
- /* OK, now we do the case modification. */
- switch (vtype)
- {
- case VT_VARIABLE:
- case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
- temp = sh_modcase (val, pat, modop);
- if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
- FREE (val);
- if (temp)
- {
- tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp);
- free (temp);
- temp = tt;
- }
- break;
-
- case VT_POSPARMS:
- temp = pos_params_modcase (val, pat, modop, mflags);
- if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
- {
- tt = quote_escapes (temp);
- free (temp);
- temp = tt;
- }
- break;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- case VT_ARRAYVAR:
- temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_modcase (assoc_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags)
- : array_modcase (array_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags);
- /* Don't call quote_escapes; array_modcase calls array_quote_escapes
- as appropriate before adding the space separators; ditto for
- assoc_modcase. */
- break;
-#endif
- }
-
- FREE (pat);
- free (lpat);
-
- return temp;
-}
-
-/* Check for unbalanced parens in S, which is the contents of $(( ... )). If
- any occur, this must be a nested command substitution, so return 0.
- Otherwise, return 1. A valid arithmetic expression must always have a
- ( before a matching ), so any cases where there are more right parens
- means that this must not be an arithmetic expression, though the parser
- will not accept it without a balanced total number of parens. */
-static int
-chk_arithsub (s, len)
- const char *s;
- int len;
-{
- int i, count;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- i = count = 0;
- while (i < len)
- {
- if (s[i] == LPAREN)
- count++;
- else if (s[i] == RPAREN)
- {
- count--;
- if (count < 0)
- return 0;
- }
-
- switch (s[i])
- {
- default:
- ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i);
- break;
-
- case '\\':
- i++;
- if (s[i])
- ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i);
- break;
-
- case '\'':
- i = skip_single_quoted (s, len, ++i);
- break;
-
- case '"':
- i = skip_double_quoted ((char *)s, len, ++i);
- break;
- }
- }
-
- return (count == 0);
-}
-
-/****************************************************************/
-/* */
-/* Functions to perform parameter expansion on a string */
-/* */
-/****************************************************************/
-
-/* ${[#][!]name[[:][^[^]][,[,]]#[#]%[%]-=?+[word][:e1[:e2]]]} */
-static WORD_DESC *
-parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
- char *string;
- int *indexp, quoted, *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at, pflags;
-{
- int check_nullness, var_is_set, var_is_null, var_is_special;
- int want_substring, want_indir, want_patsub, want_casemod;
- char *name, *value, *temp, *temp1;
- WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret;
- int t_index, sindex, c, tflag, modspec;
- intmax_t number;
- arrayind_t ind;
-
- temp = temp1 = value = (char *)NULL;
- var_is_set = var_is_null = var_is_special = check_nullness = 0;
- want_substring = want_indir = want_patsub = want_casemod = 0;
-
- sindex = *indexp;
- t_index = ++sindex;
- /* ${#var} doesn't have any of the other parameter expansions on it. */
- if (string[t_index] == '#' && legal_variable_starter (string[t_index+1])) /* {{ */
- name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "}", SX_VARNAME);
- else
-#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
- /* To enable case-toggling expansions using the `~' operator character
- change the 1 to 0. */
-# if defined (CASEMOD_CAPCASE)
- name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,~:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
-# else
- name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
-# endif /* CASEMOD_CAPCASE */
-#else
- name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
-#endif /* CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS */
-
- ret = 0;
- tflag = 0;
-
- ind = INTMAX_MIN;
-
- /* If the name really consists of a special variable, then make sure
- that we have the entire name. We don't allow indirect references
- to special variables except `#', `?', `@' and `*'. */
- if ((sindex == t_index && VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM (string[t_index])) ||
- (sindex == t_index - 1 && string[sindex] == '!' && VALID_INDIR_PARAM (string[t_index])))
- {
- t_index++;
- temp1 = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", 0);
- name = (char *)xrealloc (name, 3 + (strlen (temp1)));
- *name = string[sindex];
- if (string[sindex] == '!')
- {
- /* indirect reference of $#, $?, $@, or $* */
- name[1] = string[sindex + 1];
- strcpy (name + 2, temp1);
- }
- else
- strcpy (name + 1, temp1);
- free (temp1);
- }
- sindex = t_index;
-
- /* Find out what character ended the variable name. Then
- do the appropriate thing. */
- if (c = string[sindex])
- sindex++;
-
- /* If c is followed by one of the valid parameter expansion
- characters, move past it as normal. If not, assume that
- a substring specification is being given, and do not move
- past it. */
- if (c == ':' && VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR (string[sindex]))
- {
- check_nullness++;
- if (c = string[sindex])
- sindex++;
- }
- else if (c == ':' && string[sindex] != RBRACE)
- want_substring = 1;
- else if (c == '/' /* && string[sindex] != RBRACE */) /* XXX */
- want_patsub = 1;
-#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
- else if (c == '^' || c == ',' || c == '~')
- {
- modspec = c;
- want_casemod = 1;
- }
-#endif
-
- /* Catch the valid and invalid brace expressions that made it through the
- tests above. */
- /* ${#-} is a valid expansion and means to take the length of $-.
- Similarly for ${#?} and ${##}... */
- if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 &&
- VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM (c) && string[sindex] == RBRACE)
- {
- name = (char *)xrealloc (name, 3);
- name[1] = c;
- name[2] = '\0';
- c = string[sindex++];
- }
-
- /* ...but ${#%}, ${#:}, ${#=}, ${#+}, and ${#/} are errors. */
- if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 &&
- member (c, "%:=+/") && string[sindex] == RBRACE)
- {
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- goto bad_substitution;
- }
-
- /* Indirect expansion begins with a `!'. A valid indirect expansion is
- either a variable name, one of the positional parameters or a special
- variable that expands to one of the positional parameters. */
- want_indir = *name == '!' &&
- (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)name[1]) || DIGIT (name[1])
- || VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1]));
-
- /* Determine the value of this variable. */
-
- /* Check for special variables, directly referenced. */
- if (SPECIAL_VAR (name, want_indir))
- var_is_special++;
-
- /* Check for special expansion things, like the length of a parameter */
- if (*name == '#' && name[1])
- {
- /* If we are not pointing at the character just after the
- closing brace, then we haven't gotten all of the name.
- Since it begins with a special character, this is a bad
- substitution. Also check NAME for validity before trying
- to go on. */
- if (string[sindex - 1] != RBRACE || (valid_length_expression (name) == 0))
- {
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- goto bad_substitution;
- }
-
- number = parameter_brace_expand_length (name);
- if (number == INTMAX_MIN && unbound_vars_is_error)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (name+1);
- free (name);
- return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
- free (name);
-
- *indexp = sindex;
- if (number < 0)
- return (&expand_wdesc_error);
- else
- {
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = itos (number);
- return ret;
- }
- }
-
- /* ${@} is identical to $@. */
- if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == '\0')
- {
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
-
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
-
- tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
- }
-
- /* Process ${!PREFIX*} expansion. */
- if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE &&
- (string[sindex - 2] == '*' || string[sindex - 2] == '@') &&
- legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char) name[1]))
- {
- char **x;
- WORD_LIST *xlist;
-
- temp1 = savestring (name + 1);
- number = strlen (temp1);
- temp1[number - 1] = '\0';
- x = all_variables_matching_prefix (temp1);
- xlist = strvec_to_word_list (x, 0, 0);
- if (string[sindex - 2] == '*')
- temp = string_list_dollar_star (xlist);
- else
- {
- temp = string_list_dollar_at (xlist, quoted);
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
-
- tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
- }
- free (x);
- dispose_words (xlist);
- free (temp1);
- *indexp = sindex;
-
- free (name);
-
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = temp;
- ret->flags = tflag; /* XXX */
- return ret;
- }
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* Process ${!ARRAY[@]} and ${!ARRAY[*]} expansion. */ /* [ */
- if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE &&
- string[sindex - 2] == ']' && valid_array_reference (name+1))
- {
- char *x, *x1;
-
- temp1 = savestring (name + 1);
- x = array_variable_name (temp1, &x1, (int *)0); /* [ */
- FREE (x);
- if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (x1[0]) && x1[1] == ']')
- {
- temp = array_keys (temp1, quoted); /* handles assoc vars too */
- if (x1[0] == '@')
- {
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
-
- tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
- }
-
- free (temp1);
- *indexp = sindex;
-
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = temp;
- ret->flags = tflag; /* XXX */
- return ret;
- }
-
- free (temp1);
- }
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
- /* Make sure that NAME is valid before trying to go on. */
- if (valid_brace_expansion_word (want_indir ? name + 1 : name,
- var_is_special) == 0)
- {
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- goto bad_substitution;
- }
-
- if (want_indir)
- tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_indir (name + 1, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
- else
- tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND|(pflags&(PF_NOSPLIT2|PF_ASSIGNRHS)), &ind);
-
- if (tdesc)
- {
- temp = tdesc->word;
- tflag = tdesc->flags;
- dispose_word_desc (tdesc);
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)0;
-
- if (temp == &expand_param_error || temp == &expand_param_fatal)
- {
- FREE (name);
- FREE (value);
- return (temp == &expand_param_error ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (valid_array_reference (name))
- chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
-#endif
-
- var_is_set = temp != (char *)0;
- var_is_null = check_nullness && (var_is_set == 0 || *temp == 0);
- /* XXX - this may not need to be restricted to special variables */
- if (check_nullness)
- var_is_null |= var_is_set && var_is_special && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && QUOTED_NULL (temp);
-
- /* Get the rest of the stuff inside the braces. */
- if (c && c != RBRACE)
- {
- /* Extract the contents of the ${ ... } expansion
- according to the Posix.2 rules. */
- value = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &sindex, quoted, (c == '%' || c == '#' || c =='/' || c == '^' || c == ',' || c ==':') ? SX_POSIXEXP|SX_WORD : SX_WORD);
- if (string[sindex] == RBRACE)
- sindex++;
- else
- goto bad_substitution;
- }
- else
- value = (char *)NULL;
-
- *indexp = sindex;
-
- /* All the cases where an expansion can possibly generate an unbound
- variable error. */
- if (want_substring || want_patsub || want_casemod || c == '#' || c == '%' || c == RBRACE)
- {
- if (var_is_set == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && ((name[0] != '@' && name[0] != '*') || name[1]))
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (name);
- FREE (value);
- FREE (temp);
- free (name);
- return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
- }
-
- /* If this is a substring spec, process it and add the result. */
- if (want_substring)
- {
- temp1 = parameter_brace_substring (name, temp, ind, value, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
- FREE (name);
- FREE (value);
- FREE (temp);
-
- if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
- return (&expand_wdesc_error);
- else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
- return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
-
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = temp1;
- if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- return ret;
- }
- else if (want_patsub)
- {
- temp1 = parameter_brace_patsub (name, temp, ind, value, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
- FREE (name);
- FREE (value);
- FREE (temp);
-
- if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
- return (&expand_wdesc_error);
- else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
- return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
-
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = temp1;
- if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- return ret;
- }
-#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
- else if (want_casemod)
- {
- temp1 = parameter_brace_casemod (name, temp, ind, modspec, value, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
- FREE (name);
- FREE (value);
- FREE (temp);
-
- if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
- return (&expand_wdesc_error);
- else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
- return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
-
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = temp1;
- if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- return ret;
- }
-#endif
-
- /* Do the right thing based on which character ended the variable name. */
- switch (c)
- {
- default:
- case '\0':
- bad_substitution:
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("%s: bad substitution"), string ? string : "??");
- FREE (value);
- FREE (temp);
- free (name);
- return &expand_wdesc_error;
-
- case RBRACE:
- break;
-
- case '#': /* ${param#[#]pattern} */
- case '%': /* ${param%[%]pattern} */
- if (value == 0 || *value == '\0' || temp == 0 || *temp == '\0')
- {
- FREE (value);
- break;
- }
- temp1 = parameter_brace_remove_pattern (name, temp, ind, value, c, quoted, (tflag & W_ARRAYIND) ? AV_USEIND : 0);
- free (temp);
- free (value);
- free (name);
-
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->word = temp1;
- if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- return ret;
-
- case '-':
- case '=':
- case '?':
- case '+':
- if (var_is_set && var_is_null == 0)
- {
- /* If the operator is `+', we don't want the value of the named
- variable for anything, just the value of the right hand side. */
- if (c == '+')
- {
- /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@",
- we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" --
- we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 0;
-
- FREE (temp);
- if (value)
- {
- /* From Posix discussion on austin-group list. Issue 221
- requires that backslashes escaping `}' inside
- double-quoted ${...} be removed. */
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- quoted |= Q_DOLBRACE;
- ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c,
- quoted,
- quoted_dollar_atp,
- contains_dollar_at);
- /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of
- W_HASQUOTEDNULL in ret->flags */
- free (value);
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
- else
- {
- FREE (value);
- }
- /* Otherwise do nothing; just use the value in TEMP. */
- }
- else /* VAR not set or VAR is NULL. */
- {
- FREE (temp);
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- if (c == '=' && var_is_special)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("$%s: cannot assign in this way"), name);
- free (name);
- free (value);
- return &expand_wdesc_error;
- }
- else if (c == '?')
- {
- parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value);
- return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
- else if (c != '+')
- {
- /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@",
- we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" --
- we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
- *quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 0;
-
- /* From Posix discussion on austin-group list. Issue 221 requires
- that backslashes escaping `}' inside double-quoted ${...} be
- removed. */
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- quoted |= Q_DOLBRACE;
- ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted,
- quoted_dollar_atp,
- contains_dollar_at);
- /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of
- W_HASQUOTEDNULL in tdesc->flags */
- }
- free (value);
- }
-
- break;
- }
- free (name);
-
- if (ret == 0)
- {
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->flags = tflag;
- ret->word = temp;
- }
- return (ret);
-}
-
-/* Expand a single ${xxx} expansion. The braces are optional. When
- the braces are used, parameter_brace_expand() does the work,
- possibly calling param_expand recursively. */
-static WORD_DESC *
-param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something,
- contains_dollar_at, quoted_dollar_at_p, had_quoted_null_p,
- pflags)
- char *string;
- int *sindex, quoted, *expanded_something, *contains_dollar_at;
- int *quoted_dollar_at_p, *had_quoted_null_p, pflags;
-{
- char *temp, *temp1, uerror[3];
- int zindex, t_index, expok;
- unsigned char c;
- intmax_t number;
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- WORD_LIST *list;
- WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret;
- int tflag;
-
- zindex = *sindex;
- c = string[++zindex];
-
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- ret = tdesc = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
- tflag = 0;
-
- /* Do simple cases first. Switch on what follows '$'. */
- switch (c)
- {
- /* $0 .. $9? */
- case '0':
- case '1':
- case '2':
- case '3':
- case '4':
- case '5':
- case '6':
- case '7':
- case '8':
- case '9':
- temp1 = dollar_vars[TODIGIT (c)];
- if (unbound_vars_is_error && temp1 == (char *)NULL)
- {
- uerror[0] = '$';
- uerror[1] = c;
- uerror[2] = '\0';
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (uerror);
- return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
- if (temp1)
- temp = (*temp1 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ? quote_string (temp1)
- : quote_escapes (temp1);
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
- break;
-
- /* $$ -- pid of the invoking shell. */
- case '$':
- temp = itos (dollar_dollar_pid);
- break;
-
- /* $# -- number of positional parameters. */
- case '#':
- temp = itos (number_of_args ());
- break;
-
- /* $? -- return value of the last synchronous command. */
- case '?':
- temp = itos (last_command_exit_value);
- break;
-
- /* $- -- flags supplied to the shell on invocation or by `set'. */
- case '-':
- temp = which_set_flags ();
- break;
-
- /* $! -- Pid of the last asynchronous command. */
- case '!':
- /* If no asynchronous pids have been created, expand to nothing.
- If `set -u' has been executed, and no async processes have
- been created, this is an expansion error. */
- if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID)
- {
- if (expanded_something)
- *expanded_something = 0;
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- if (unbound_vars_is_error)
- {
- uerror[0] = '$';
- uerror[1] = c;
- uerror[2] = '\0';
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (uerror);
- return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
- }
- else
- temp = itos (last_asynchronous_pid);
- break;
-
- /* The only difference between this and $@ is when the arg is quoted. */
- case '*': /* `$*' */
- list = list_rest_of_args ();
-
-#if 0
- /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in
- <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009:
-
- "The shell shall write a message to standard error and
- immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter
- other than the '@' and '*' special parameters."
- */
-
- if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0)
- {
- uerror[0] = '$';
- uerror[1] = '*';
- uerror[2] = '\0';
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (uerror);
- return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
-#endif
-
- /* If there are no command-line arguments, this should just
- disappear if there are other characters in the expansion,
- even if it's quoted. */
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && list == 0)
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- else if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE))
- {
- /* If we have "$*" we want to make a string of the positional
- parameters, separated by the first character of $IFS, and
- quote the whole string, including the separators. If IFS
- is unset, the parameters are separated by ' '; if $IFS is
- null, the parameters are concatenated. */
- temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE)) ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list);
- if (temp)
- {
- temp1 = quote_string (temp);
- if (*temp == 0)
- tflag |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- free (temp);
- temp = temp1;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- /* We check whether or not we're eventually going to split $* here,
- for example when IFS is empty and we are processing the rhs of
- an assignment statement. In that case, we don't separate the
- arguments at all. Otherwise, if the $* is not quoted it is
- identical to $@ */
-# if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
-# else
- if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc == 0)
-# endif
- temp = string_list_dollar_star (list);
- else
- {
- temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
- if (quoted == 0 && (ifs_is_set == 0 || ifs_is_null))
- tflag |= W_SPLITSPACE;
- }
-
- if (expand_no_split_dollar_star == 0 && contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
- }
-
- dispose_words (list);
- break;
-
- /* When we have "$@" what we want is "$1" "$2" "$3" ... This
- means that we have to turn quoting off after we split into
- the individually quoted arguments so that the final split
- on the first character of $IFS is still done. */
- case '@': /* `$@' */
- list = list_rest_of_args ();
-
-#if 0
- /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in
- <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009:
-
- "The shell shall write a message to standard error and
- immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter
- other than the '@' and '*' special parameters."
- */
-
- if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0)
- {
- uerror[0] = '$';
- uerror[1] = '@';
- uerror[2] = '\0';
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (uerror);
- return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
-#endif
-
- /* We want to flag the fact that we saw this. We can't turn
- off quoting entirely, because other characters in the
- string might need it (consider "\"$@\""), but we need some
- way to signal that the final split on the first character
- of $IFS should be done, even though QUOTED is 1. */
- /* XXX - should this test include Q_PATQUOTE? */
- if (quoted_dollar_at_p && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- *quoted_dollar_at_p = 1;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
-
- /* We want to separate the positional parameters with the first
- character of $IFS in case $IFS is something other than a space.
- We also want to make sure that splitting is done no matter what --
- according to POSIX.2, this expands to a list of the positional
- parameters no matter what IFS is set to. */
- temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS) ? (quoted|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES) : quoted);
-
- tflag |= W_DOLLARAT;
- dispose_words (list);
- break;
-
- case LBRACE:
- tdesc = parameter_brace_expand (string, &zindex, quoted, pflags,
- quoted_dollar_at_p,
- contains_dollar_at);
-
- if (tdesc == &expand_wdesc_error || tdesc == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
- return (tdesc);
- temp = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)0;
-
- /* XXX */
- /* Quoted nulls should be removed if there is anything else
- in the string. */
- /* Note that we saw the quoted null so we can add one back at
- the end of this function if there are no other characters
- in the string, discard TEMP, and go on. The exception to
- this is when we have "${@}" and $1 is '', since $@ needs
- special handling. */
- if (tdesc && tdesc->word && (tdesc->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp))
- {
- if (had_quoted_null_p)
- *had_quoted_null_p = 1;
- if (*quoted_dollar_at_p == 0)
- {
- free (temp);
- tdesc->word = temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- }
-
- ret = tdesc;
- goto return0;
-
- /* Do command or arithmetic substitution. */
- case LPAREN:
- /* We have to extract the contents of this paren substitution. */
- t_index = zindex + 1;
- temp = extract_command_subst (string, &t_index, 0);
- zindex = t_index;
-
- /* For Posix.2-style `$(( ))' arithmetic substitution,
- extract the expression and pass it to the evaluator. */
- if (temp && *temp == LPAREN)
- {
- char *temp2;
- temp1 = temp + 1;
- temp2 = savestring (temp1);
- t_index = strlen (temp2) - 1;
-
- if (temp2[t_index] != RPAREN)
- {
- free (temp2);
- goto comsub;
- }
-
- /* Cut off ending `)' */
- temp2[t_index] = '\0';
-
- if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0)
- {
- free (temp2);
-#if 0
- internal_warning (_("future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"));
-#endif
- goto comsub;
- }
-
- /* Expand variables found inside the expression. */
- temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
- free (temp2);
-
-arithsub:
- /* No error messages. */
- this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
- number = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
- free (temp);
- free (temp1);
- if (expok == 0)
- {
- if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
- }
- else
- return (&expand_wdesc_error);
- }
- temp = itos (number);
- break;
- }
-
-comsub:
- if (pflags & PF_NOCOMSUB)
- /* we need zindex+1 because string[zindex] == RPAREN */
- temp1 = substring (string, *sindex, zindex+1);
- else
- {
- tdesc = command_substitute (temp, quoted);
- temp1 = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)NULL;
- if (tdesc)
- dispose_word_desc (tdesc);
- }
- FREE (temp);
- temp = temp1;
- break;
-
- /* Do POSIX.2d9-style arithmetic substitution. This will probably go
- away in a future bash release. */
- case '[':
- /* Extract the contents of this arithmetic substitution. */
- t_index = zindex + 1;
- temp = extract_arithmetic_subst (string, &t_index);
- zindex = t_index;
- if (temp == 0)
- {
- temp = savestring (string);
- if (expanded_something)
- *expanded_something = 0;
- goto return0;
- }
-
- /* Do initial variable expansion. */
- temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
-
- goto arithsub;
-
- default:
- /* Find the variable in VARIABLE_LIST. */
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
- for (t_index = zindex; (c = string[zindex]) && legal_variable_char (c); zindex++)
- ;
- temp1 = (zindex > t_index) ? substring (string, t_index, zindex) : (char *)NULL;
-
- /* If this isn't a variable name, then just output the `$'. */
- if (temp1 == 0 || *temp1 == '\0')
- {
- FREE (temp1);
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (2);
- temp[0] = '$';
- temp[1] = '\0';
- if (expanded_something)
- *expanded_something = 0;
- goto return0;
- }
-
- /* If the variable exists, return its value cell. */
- var = find_variable (temp1);
-
- if (var && invisible_p (var) == 0 && var_isset (var))
- {
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (assoc_p (var) || array_p (var))
- {
- temp = array_p (var) ? array_reference (array_cell (var), 0)
- : assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
- if (temp)
- temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ? quote_string (temp)
- : quote_escapes (temp);
- else if (unbound_vars_is_error)
- goto unbound_variable;
- }
- else
-#endif
- {
- temp = value_cell (var);
-
- temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
- ? quote_string (temp)
- : quote_escapes (temp);
- }
-
- free (temp1);
-
- goto return0;
- }
- else if (var = find_variable_last_nameref (temp1))
- {
- temp = nameref_cell (var);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (temp && *temp && valid_array_reference (temp))
- {
- tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_word (temp, SPECIAL_VAR (temp, 0), quoted, pflags, (arrayind_t *)NULL);
- if (tdesc == &expand_wdesc_error || tdesc == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
- return (tdesc);
- ret = tdesc;
- goto return0;
- }
- else
-#endif
- /* y=2 ; typeset -n x=y; echo $x is not the same as echo $2 in ksh */
- if (temp && *temp && legal_identifier (temp) == 0)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("%s: invalid variable name for name reference"), temp);
- return (&expand_wdesc_error); /* XXX */
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
-unbound_variable:
- if (unbound_vars_is_error)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- err_unboundvar (temp1);
- }
- else
- {
- free (temp1);
- goto return0;
- }
-
- free (temp1);
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- return ((unbound_vars_is_error && interactive_shell == 0)
- ? &expand_wdesc_fatal
- : &expand_wdesc_error);
- }
-
- if (string[zindex])
- zindex++;
-
-return0:
- *sindex = zindex;
-
- if (ret == 0)
- {
- ret = alloc_word_desc ();
- ret->flags = tflag; /* XXX */
- ret->word = temp;
- }
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Make a word list which is the result of parameter and variable
- expansion, command substitution, arithmetic substitution, and
- quote removal of WORD. Return a pointer to a WORD_LIST which is
- the result of the expansion. If WORD contains a null word, the
- word list returned is also null.
-
- QUOTED contains flag values defined in shell.h.
-
- ISEXP is used to tell expand_word_internal that the word should be
- treated as the result of an expansion. This has implications for
- how IFS characters in the word are treated.
-
- CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT and EXPANDED_SOMETHING are return values; when non-null
- they point to an integer value which receives information about expansion.
- CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT gets non-zero if WORD contained "$@", else zero.
- EXPANDED_SOMETHING get non-zero if WORD contained any parameter expansions,
- else zero.
-
- This only does word splitting in the case of $@ expansion. In that
- case, we split on ' '. */
-
-/* Values for the local variable quoted_state. */
-#define UNQUOTED 0
-#define PARTIALLY_QUOTED 1
-#define WHOLLY_QUOTED 2
-
-static WORD_LIST *
-expand_word_internal (word, quoted, isexp, contains_dollar_at, expanded_something)
- WORD_DESC *word;
- int quoted, isexp;
- int *contains_dollar_at;
- int *expanded_something;
-{
- WORD_LIST *list;
- WORD_DESC *tword;
-
- /* The intermediate string that we build while expanding. */
- char *istring;
-
- /* The current size of the above object. */
- int istring_size;
-
- /* Index into ISTRING. */
- int istring_index;
-
- /* Temporary string storage. */
- char *temp, *temp1;
-
- /* The text of WORD. */
- register char *string;
-
- /* The size of STRING. */
- size_t string_size;
-
- /* The index into STRING. */
- int sindex;
-
- /* This gets 1 if we see a $@ while quoted. */
- int quoted_dollar_at;
-
- /* One of UNQUOTED, PARTIALLY_QUOTED, or WHOLLY_QUOTED, depending on
- whether WORD contains no quoting characters, a partially quoted
- string (e.g., "xx"ab), or is fully quoted (e.g., "xxab"). */
- int quoted_state;
-
- /* State flags */
- int had_quoted_null;
- int has_dollar_at, temp_has_dollar_at;
- int split_on_spaces;
- int tflag;
- int pflags; /* flags passed to param_expand */
-
- int assignoff; /* If assignment, offset of `=' */
-
- register unsigned char c; /* Current character. */
- int t_index; /* For calls to string_extract_xxx. */
-
- char twochars[2];
-
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- istring = (char *)xmalloc (istring_size = DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE);
- istring[istring_index = 0] = '\0';
- quoted_dollar_at = had_quoted_null = has_dollar_at = 0;
- split_on_spaces = 0;
- quoted_state = UNQUOTED;
-
- string = word->word;
- if (string == 0)
- goto finished_with_string;
- /* Don't need the string length for the SADD... and COPY_ macros unless
- multibyte characters are possible. */
- string_size = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
-
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 0;
-
- assignoff = -1;
-
- /* Begin the expansion. */
-
- for (sindex = 0; ;)
- {
- c = string[sindex];
-
- /* Case on toplevel character. */
- switch (c)
- {
- case '\0':
- goto finished_with_string;
-
- case CTLESC:
- sindex++;
-#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
- if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && string[sindex])
- {
- SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
- }
- else
-#endif
- {
- temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
- temp[0] = CTLESC;
- temp[1] = c = string[sindex];
- temp[2] = '\0';
- }
-
-dollar_add_string:
- if (string[sindex])
- sindex++;
-
-add_string:
- if (temp)
- {
- istring = sub_append_string (temp, istring, &istring_index, &istring_size);
- temp = (char *)0;
- }
-
- break;
-
-#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
- /* Process substitution. */
- case '<':
- case '>':
- {
- if (string[++sindex] != LPAREN || (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (word->flags & (W_DQUOTE|W_NOPROCSUB)) || posixly_correct)
- {
- sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
- goto add_character;
- }
- else
- t_index = sindex + 1; /* skip past both '<' and LPAREN */
-
- temp1 = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &t_index); /*))*/
- sindex = t_index;
-
- /* If the process substitution specification is `<()', we want to
- open the pipe for writing in the child and produce output; if
- it is `>()', we want to open the pipe for reading in the child
- and consume input. */
- temp = temp1 ? process_substitute (temp1, (c == '>')) : (char *)0;
-
- FREE (temp1);
-
- goto dollar_add_string;
- }
-#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
-
- case '=':
- /* Posix.2 section 3.6.1 says that tildes following `=' in words
- which are not assignment statements are not expanded. If the
- shell isn't in posix mode, though, we perform tilde expansion
- on `likely candidate' unquoted assignment statements (flags
- include W_ASSIGNMENT but not W_QUOTED). A likely candidate
- contains an unquoted :~ or =~. Something to think about: we
- now have a flag that says to perform tilde expansion on arguments
- to `assignment builtins' like declare and export that look like
- assignment statements. We now do tilde expansion on such words
- even in POSIX mode. */
- if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNRHS|W_NOTILDE))
- {
- if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
- goto add_ifs_character;
- else
- goto add_character;
- }
- /* If we're not in posix mode or forcing assignment-statement tilde
- expansion, note where the `=' appears in the word and prepare to
- do tilde expansion following the first `='. */
- if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) &&
- (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) &&
- assignoff == -1 && sindex > 0)
- assignoff = sindex;
- if (sindex == assignoff && string[sindex+1] == '~') /* XXX */
- word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
-#if 0
- else if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) &&
- (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) &&
- string[sindex+1] == '~')
- word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
-#endif
- if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
- goto add_ifs_character;
- else
- goto add_character;
-
- case ':':
- if (word->flags & W_NOTILDE)
- {
- if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
- goto add_ifs_character;
- else
- goto add_character;
- }
-
- if ((word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_ASSIGNRHS|W_TILDEEXP)) &&
- string[sindex+1] == '~')
- word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
-
- if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
- goto add_ifs_character;
- else
- goto add_character;
-
- case '~':
- /* If the word isn't supposed to be tilde expanded, or we're not
- at the start of a word or after an unquoted : or = in an
- assignment statement, we don't do tilde expansion. */
- if ((word->flags & (W_NOTILDE|W_DQUOTE)) ||
- (sindex > 0 && ((word->flags & W_ITILDE) == 0)) ||
- (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
- {
- word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE;
- if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0)
- goto add_ifs_character;
- else
- goto add_character;
- }
-
- if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS)
- tflag = 2;
- else if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_TILDEEXP))
- tflag = 1;
- else
- tflag = 0;
-
- temp = bash_tilde_find_word (string + sindex, tflag, &t_index);
-
- word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE;
-
- if (temp && *temp && t_index > 0)
- {
- temp1 = bash_tilde_expand (temp, tflag);
- if (temp1 && *temp1 == '~' && STREQ (temp, temp1))
- {
- FREE (temp);
- FREE (temp1);
- goto add_character; /* tilde expansion failed */
- }
- free (temp);
- temp = temp1;
- sindex += t_index;
- goto add_quoted_string; /* XXX was add_string */
- }
- else
- {
- FREE (temp);
- goto add_character;
- }
-
- case '$':
- if (expanded_something)
- *expanded_something = 1;
-
- temp_has_dollar_at = 0;
- pflags = (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB) ? PF_NOCOMSUB : 0;
- if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT2)
- pflags |= PF_NOSPLIT2;
- if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS)
- pflags |= PF_ASSIGNRHS;
- tword = param_expand (string, &sindex, quoted, expanded_something,
- &temp_has_dollar_at, "ed_dollar_at,
- &had_quoted_null, pflags);
- has_dollar_at += temp_has_dollar_at;
- split_on_spaces += (tword->flags & W_SPLITSPACE);
-
- if (tword == &expand_wdesc_error || tword == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
- {
- free (string);
- free (istring);
- return ((tword == &expand_wdesc_error) ? &expand_word_error
- : &expand_word_fatal);
- }
- if (contains_dollar_at && has_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
-
- if (tword && (tword->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
- had_quoted_null = 1;
-
- temp = tword ? tword->word : (char *)NULL;
- dispose_word_desc (tword);
-
- /* Kill quoted nulls; we will add them back at the end of
- expand_word_internal if nothing else in the string */
- if (had_quoted_null && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp))
- {
- FREE (temp);
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- goto add_string;
- break;
-
- case '`': /* Backquoted command substitution. */
- {
- t_index = sindex++;
-
- temp = string_extract (string, &sindex, "`", SX_REQMATCH);
- /* The test of sindex against t_index is to allow bare instances of
- ` to pass through, for backwards compatibility. */
- if (temp == &extract_string_error || temp == &extract_string_fatal)
- {
- if (sindex - 1 == t_index)
- {
- sindex = t_index;
- goto add_character;
- }
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s") , string+t_index);
- free (string);
- free (istring);
- return ((temp == &extract_string_error) ? &expand_word_error
- : &expand_word_fatal);
- }
-
- if (expanded_something)
- *expanded_something = 1;
-
- if (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB)
- /* sindex + 1 because string[sindex] == '`' */
- temp1 = substring (string, t_index, sindex + 1);
- else
- {
- de_backslash (temp);
- tword = command_substitute (temp, quoted);
- temp1 = tword ? tword->word : (char *)NULL;
- if (tword)
- dispose_word_desc (tword);
- }
- FREE (temp);
- temp = temp1;
- goto dollar_add_string;
- }
-
- case '\\':
- if (string[sindex + 1] == '\n')
- {
- sindex += 2;
- continue;
- }
-
- c = string[++sindex];
-
- if (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)
- tflag = CBSHDOC;
- else if (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)
- tflag = CBSDQUOTE;
- else
- tflag = 0;
-
- /* From Posix discussion on austin-group list: Backslash escaping
- a } in ${...} is removed. Issue 0000221 */
- if ((quoted & Q_DOLBRACE) && c == RBRACE)
- {
- SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
- }
- /* This is the fix for " $@\ " */
- else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0) & isexp == 0 && isifs (c))
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size,
- DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
- istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
- istring[istring_index++] = '\\';
- istring[istring_index] = '\0';
-
- SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
- }
- else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0))
- {
- SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, '\\', c, string, sindex, string_size);
- }
- else if (c == 0)
- {
- c = CTLNUL;
- sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
- goto add_character;
- }
- else
- {
- SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
- }
-
- sindex++;
-add_twochars:
- /* BEFORE jumping here, we need to increment sindex if appropriate */
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size,
- DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
- istring[istring_index++] = twochars[0];
- istring[istring_index++] = twochars[1];
- istring[istring_index] = '\0';
-
- break;
-
- case '"':
- if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
- goto add_character;
-
- t_index = ++sindex;
- temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &sindex, 0);
-
- /* If the quotes surrounded the entire string, then the
- whole word was quoted. */
- quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0')
- ? WHOLLY_QUOTED
- : PARTIALLY_QUOTED;
-
- if (temp && *temp)
- {
- tword = alloc_word_desc ();
- tword->word = temp;
-
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
- temp_has_dollar_at = 0; /* XXX */
- /* Need to get W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag through this function. */
- list = expand_word_internal (tword, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0, &temp_has_dollar_at, (int *)NULL);
- has_dollar_at += temp_has_dollar_at;
-
- if (list == &expand_word_error || list == &expand_word_fatal)
- {
- free (istring);
- free (string);
- /* expand_word_internal has already freed temp_word->word
- for us because of the way it prints error messages. */
- tword->word = (char *)NULL;
- dispose_word (tword);
- return list;
- }
-
- dispose_word (tword);
-
- /* "$@" (a double-quoted dollar-at) expands into nothing,
- not even a NULL word, when there are no positional
- parameters. */
- if (list == 0 && has_dollar_at)
- {
- quoted_dollar_at++;
- break;
- }
-
- /* If we get "$@", we know we have expanded something, so we
- need to remember it for the final split on $IFS. This is
- a special case; it's the only case where a quoted string
- can expand into more than one word. It's going to come back
- from the above call to expand_word_internal as a list with
- a single word, in which all characters are quoted and
- separated by blanks. What we want to do is to turn it back
- into a list for the next piece of code. */
- if (list)
- dequote_list (list);
-
- if (list && list->word && (list->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
- had_quoted_null = 1; /* XXX */
-
- if (has_dollar_at)
- {
- quoted_dollar_at++;
- if (contains_dollar_at)
- *contains_dollar_at = 1;
- if (expanded_something)
- *expanded_something = 1;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- /* What we have is "". This is a minor optimization. */
- FREE (temp);
- list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- }
-
- /* The code above *might* return a list (consider the case of "$@",
- where it returns "$1", "$2", etc.). We can't throw away the
- rest of the list, and we have to make sure each word gets added
- as quoted. We test on tresult->next: if it is non-NULL, we
- quote the whole list, save it to a string with string_list, and
- add that string. We don't need to quote the results of this
- (and it would be wrong, since that would quote the separators
- as well), so we go directly to add_string. */
- if (list)
- {
- if (list->next)
- {
- /* Testing quoted_dollar_at makes sure that "$@" is
- split correctly when $IFS does not contain a space. */
- temp = quoted_dollar_at
- ? string_list_dollar_at (list, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)
- : string_list (quote_list (list));
- dispose_words (list);
- goto add_string;
- }
- else
- {
- temp = savestring (list->word->word);
- tflag = list->word->flags;
- dispose_words (list);
-
- /* If the string is not a quoted null string, we want
- to remove any embedded unquoted CTLNUL characters.
- We do not want to turn quoted null strings back into
- the empty string, though. We do this because we
- want to remove any quoted nulls from expansions that
- contain other characters. For example, if we have
- x"$*"y or "x$*y" and there are no positional parameters,
- the $* should expand into nothing. */
- /* We use the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag to differentiate the
- cases: a quoted null character as above and when
- CTLNUL is contained in the (non-null) expansion
- of some variable. We use the had_quoted_null flag to
- pass the value through this function to its caller. */
- if ((tflag & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) == 0)
- remove_quoted_nulls (temp); /* XXX */
- }
- }
- else
- temp = (char *)NULL;
-
- /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only
- partially quoted; we can throw them away. The exception to
- this is when we are going to be performing word splitting,
- since we have to preserve a null argument if the next character
- will cause word splitting. */
- if (temp == 0 && quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)))
- continue;
-
- add_quoted_string:
-
- if (temp)
- {
- temp1 = temp;
- temp = quote_string (temp);
- free (temp1);
- goto add_string;
- }
- else
- {
- /* Add NULL arg. */
- c = CTLNUL;
- sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
- goto add_character;
- }
-
- /* break; */
-
- case '\'':
- if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
- goto add_character;
-
- t_index = ++sindex;
- temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &sindex);
-
- /* If the entire STRING was surrounded by single quotes,
- then the string is wholly quoted. */
- quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0')
- ? WHOLLY_QUOTED
- : PARTIALLY_QUOTED;
-
- /* If all we had was '', it is a null expansion. */
- if (*temp == '\0')
- {
- free (temp);
- temp = (char *)NULL;
- }
- else
- remove_quoted_escapes (temp); /* ??? */
-
- /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only
- partially quoted; such nulls are discarded. */
- if (temp == 0 && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED))
- continue;
-
- /* If we have a quoted null expansion, add a quoted NULL to istring. */
- if (temp == 0)
- {
- c = CTLNUL;
- sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
- goto add_character;
- }
- else
- goto add_quoted_string;
-
- /* break; */
-
- default:
- /* This is the fix for " $@ " */
- add_ifs_character:
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (isexp == 0 && isifs (c)))
- {
- if (string[sindex]) /* from old goto dollar_add_string */
- sindex++;
- if (c == 0)
- {
- c = CTLNUL;
- goto add_character;
- }
- else
- {
-#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
- if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
- sindex--;
-
- if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
- {
- SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
- }
- else
-#endif
- {
- twochars[0] = CTLESC;
- twochars[1] = c;
- goto add_twochars;
- }
- }
- }
-
- SADD_MBCHAR (temp, string, sindex, string_size);
-
- add_character:
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 1, istring_size,
- DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
- istring[istring_index++] = c;
- istring[istring_index] = '\0';
-
- /* Next character. */
- sindex++;
- }
- }
-
-finished_with_string:
- /* OK, we're ready to return. If we have a quoted string, and
- quoted_dollar_at is not set, we do no splitting at all; otherwise
- we split on ' '. The routines that call this will handle what to
- do if nothing has been expanded. */
-
- /* Partially and wholly quoted strings which expand to the empty
- string are retained as an empty arguments. Unquoted strings
- which expand to the empty string are discarded. The single
- exception is the case of expanding "$@" when there are no
- positional parameters. In that case, we discard the expansion. */
-
- /* Because of how the code that handles "" and '' in partially
- quoted strings works, we need to make ISTRING into a QUOTED_NULL
- if we saw quoting characters, but the expansion was empty.
- "" and '' are tossed away before we get to this point when
- processing partially quoted strings. This makes "" and $xxx""
- equivalent when xxx is unset. We also look to see whether we
- saw a quoted null from a ${} expansion and add one back if we
- need to. */
-
- /* If we expand to nothing and there were no single or double quotes
- in the word, we throw it away. Otherwise, we return a NULL word.
- The single exception is for $@ surrounded by double quotes when
- there are no positional parameters. In that case, we also throw
- the word away. */
-
- if (*istring == '\0')
- {
- if (quoted_dollar_at == 0 && (had_quoted_null || quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED))
- {
- istring[0] = CTLNUL;
- istring[1] = '\0';
- tword = make_bare_word (istring);
- tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX */
- list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
- }
- /* According to sh, ksh, and Posix.2, if a word expands into nothing
- and a double-quoted "$@" appears anywhere in it, then the entire
- word is removed. */
- else if (quoted_state == UNQUOTED || quoted_dollar_at)
- list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-#if 0
- else
- {
- tword = make_bare_word (istring);
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
- list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- }
-#else
- else
- list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-#endif
- }
- else if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT)
- {
- tword = make_bare_word (istring);
- if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
- tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT; /* XXX */
- if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN)
- tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN; /* XXX */
- if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB)
- tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB; /* XXX */
- if (word->flags & W_NOBRACE)
- tword->flags |= W_NOBRACE; /* XXX */
- if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND)
- tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND; /* XXX */
- if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
- tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
- if (had_quoted_null && QUOTED_NULL (istring))
- tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
- list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- }
- else
- {
- char *ifs_chars;
-
- ifs_chars = (quoted_dollar_at || has_dollar_at) ? ifs_value : (char *)NULL;
-
- /* If we have $@, we need to split the results no matter what. If
- IFS is unset or NULL, string_list_dollar_at has separated the
- positional parameters with a space, so we split on space (we have
- set ifs_chars to " \t\n" above if ifs is unset). If IFS is set,
- string_list_dollar_at has separated the positional parameters
- with the first character of $IFS, so we split on $IFS. If
- SPLIT_ON_SPACES is set, we expanded $* (unquoted) with IFS either
- unset or null, and we want to make sure that we split on spaces
- regardless of what else has happened to IFS since the expansion. */
- if (split_on_spaces)
- list = list_string (istring, " ", 1); /* XXX quoted == 1? */
- else if (has_dollar_at && ifs_chars)
- list = list_string (istring, *ifs_chars ? ifs_chars : " ", 1);
- else
- {
- tword = make_bare_word (istring);
- if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (quoted_state == WHOLLY_QUOTED))
- tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
- if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
- tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;
- if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN)
- tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN;
- if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB)
- tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB;
- if (word->flags & W_NOBRACE)
- tword->flags |= W_NOBRACE;
- if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND)
- tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND;
- if (had_quoted_null && QUOTED_NULL (istring))
- tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX */
- list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- }
- }
-
- free (istring);
- return (list);
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Functions for Quote Removal */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Perform quote removal on STRING. If QUOTED > 0, assume we are obeying the
- backslash quoting rules for within double quotes or a here document. */
-char *
-string_quote_removal (string, quoted)
- char *string;
- int quoted;
-{
- size_t slen;
- char *r, *result_string, *temp, *send;
- int sindex, tindex, dquote;
- unsigned char c;
- DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
- /* The result can be no longer than the original string. */
- slen = strlen (string);
- send = string + slen;
-
- r = result_string = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
-
- for (dquote = sindex = 0; c = string[sindex];)
- {
- switch (c)
- {
- case '\\':
- c = string[++sindex];
- if (c == 0)
- {
- *r++ = '\\';
- break;
- }
- if (((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote) && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE) == 0)
- *r++ = '\\';
- /* FALLTHROUGH */
-
- default:
- SCOPY_CHAR_M (r, string, send, sindex);
- break;
-
- case '\'':
- if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote)
- {
- *r++ = c;
- sindex++;
- break;
- }
- tindex = sindex + 1;
- temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex);
- if (temp)
- {
- strcpy (r, temp);
- r += strlen (r);
- free (temp);
- }
- sindex = tindex;
- break;
-
- case '"':
- dquote = 1 - dquote;
- sindex++;
- break;
- }
- }
- *r = '\0';
- return (result_string);
-}
-
-#if 0
-/* UNUSED */
-/* Perform quote removal on word WORD. This allocates and returns a new
- WORD_DESC *. */
-WORD_DESC *
-word_quote_removal (word, quoted)
- WORD_DESC *word;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_DESC *w;
- char *t;
-
- t = string_quote_removal (word->word, quoted);
- w = alloc_word_desc ();
- w->word = t ? t : savestring ("");
- return (w);
-}
-
-/* Perform quote removal on all words in LIST. If QUOTED is non-zero,
- the members of the list are treated as if they are surrounded by
- double quotes. Return a new list, or NULL if LIST is NULL. */
-WORD_LIST *
-word_list_quote_removal (list, quoted)
- WORD_LIST *list;
- int quoted;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e;
-
- for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next)
- {
- tresult = make_word_list (word_quote_removal (t->word, quoted), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-#if 0
- result = (WORD_LIST *) list_append (result, tresult);
-#else
- if (result == 0)
- result = e = tresult;
- else
- {
- e->next = tresult;
- while (e->next)
- e = e->next;
- }
-#endif
- }
- return (result);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*******************************************
- * *
- * Functions to perform word splitting *
- * *
- *******************************************/
-
-void
-setifs (v)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-{
- char *t;
- unsigned char uc;
-
- ifs_var = v;
- ifs_value = (v && value_cell (v)) ? value_cell (v) : " \t\n";
-
- ifs_is_set = ifs_var != 0;
- ifs_is_null = ifs_is_set && (*ifs_value == 0);
-
- /* Should really merge ifs_cmap with sh_syntaxtab. XXX - doesn't yet
- handle multibyte chars in IFS */
- memset (ifs_cmap, '\0', sizeof (ifs_cmap));
- for (t = ifs_value ; t && *t; t++)
- {
- uc = *t;
- ifs_cmap[uc] = 1;
- }
-
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (ifs_value == 0)
- {
- ifs_firstc[0] = '\0';
- ifs_firstc_len = 1;
- }
- else
- {
- size_t ifs_len;
- ifs_len = strnlen (ifs_value, MB_CUR_MAX);
- ifs_firstc_len = MBLEN (ifs_value, ifs_len);
- if (ifs_firstc_len == 1 || ifs_firstc_len == 0 || MB_INVALIDCH (ifs_firstc_len))
- {
- ifs_firstc[0] = ifs_value[0];
- ifs_firstc[1] = '\0';
- ifs_firstc_len = 1;
- }
- else
- memcpy (ifs_firstc, ifs_value, ifs_firstc_len);
- }
-#else
- ifs_firstc = ifs_value ? *ifs_value : 0;
-#endif
-}
-
-char *
-getifs ()
-{
- return ifs_value;
-}
-
-/* This splits a single word into a WORD LIST on $IFS, but only if the word
- is not quoted. list_string () performs quote removal for us, even if we
- don't do any splitting. */
-WORD_LIST *
-word_split (w, ifs_chars)
- WORD_DESC *w;
- char *ifs_chars;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result;
-
- if (w)
- {
- char *xifs;
-
- xifs = ((w->flags & W_QUOTED) || ifs_chars == 0) ? "" : ifs_chars;
- result = list_string (w->word, xifs, w->flags & W_QUOTED);
- }
- else
- result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Perform word splitting on LIST and return the RESULT. It is possible
- to return (WORD_LIST *)NULL. */
-static WORD_LIST *
-word_list_split (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e;
-
- for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next)
- {
- tresult = word_split (t->word, ifs_value);
- if (result == 0)
- result = e = tresult;
- else
- {
- e->next = tresult;
- while (e->next)
- e = e->next;
- }
- }
- return (result);
-}
-
-/**************************************************
- * *
- * Functions to expand an entire WORD_LIST *
- * *
- **************************************************/
-
-/* Do any word-expansion-specific cleanup and jump to top_level */
-static void
-exp_jump_to_top_level (v)
- int v;
-{
- set_pipestatus_from_exit (last_command_exit_value);
-
- /* Cleanup code goes here. */
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; /* XXX */
- expanding_redir = 0;
- assigning_in_environment = 0;
-
- if (parse_and_execute_level == 0)
- top_level_cleanup (); /* from sig.c */
-
- jump_to_top_level (v);
-}
-
-/* Put NLIST (which is a WORD_LIST * of only one element) at the front of
- ELIST, and set ELIST to the new list. */
-#define PREPEND_LIST(nlist, elist) \
- do { nlist->next = elist; elist = nlist; } while (0)
-
-/* Separate out any initial variable assignments from TLIST. If set -k has
- been executed, remove all assignment statements from TLIST. Initial
- variable assignments and other environment assignments are placed
- on SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */
-static WORD_LIST *
-separate_out_assignments (tlist)
- WORD_LIST *tlist;
-{
- register WORD_LIST *vp, *lp;
-
- if (tlist == 0)
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- if (subst_assign_varlist)
- dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist); /* Clean up after previous error */
-
- subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- vp = lp = tlist;
-
- /* Separate out variable assignments at the start of the command.
- Loop invariant: vp->next == lp
- Loop postcondition:
- lp = list of words left after assignment statements skipped
- tlist = original list of words
- */
- while (lp && (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT))
- {
- vp = lp;
- lp = lp->next;
- }
-
- /* If lp != tlist, we have some initial assignment statements.
- We make SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST point to the list of assignment
- words and TLIST point to the remaining words. */
- if (lp != tlist)
- {
- subst_assign_varlist = tlist;
- /* ASSERT(vp->next == lp); */
- vp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* terminate variable list */
- tlist = lp; /* remainder of word list */
- }
-
- /* vp == end of variable list */
- /* tlist == remainder of original word list without variable assignments */
- if (!tlist)
- /* All the words in tlist were assignment statements */
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- /* ASSERT(tlist != NULL); */
- /* ASSERT((tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) == 0); */
-
- /* If the -k option is in effect, we need to go through the remaining
- words, separate out the assignment words, and place them on
- SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */
- if (place_keywords_in_env)
- {
- WORD_LIST *tp; /* tp == running pointer into tlist */
-
- tp = tlist;
- lp = tlist->next;
-
- /* Loop Invariant: tp->next == lp */
- /* Loop postcondition: tlist == word list without assignment statements */
- while (lp)
- {
- if (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
- {
- /* Found an assignment statement, add this word to end of
- subst_assign_varlist (vp). */
- if (!subst_assign_varlist)
- subst_assign_varlist = vp = lp;
- else
- {
- vp->next = lp;
- vp = lp;
- }
-
- /* Remove the word pointed to by LP from TLIST. */
- tp->next = lp->next;
- /* ASSERT(vp == lp); */
- lp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- lp = tp->next;
- }
- else
- {
- tp = lp;
- lp = lp->next;
- }
- }
- }
- return (tlist);
-}
-
-#define WEXP_VARASSIGN 0x001
-#define WEXP_BRACEEXP 0x002
-#define WEXP_TILDEEXP 0x004
-#define WEXP_PARAMEXP 0x008
-#define WEXP_PATHEXP 0x010
-
-/* All of the expansions, including variable assignments at the start of
- the list. */
-#define WEXP_ALL (WEXP_VARASSIGN|WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP)
-
-/* All of the expansions except variable assignments at the start of
- the list. */
-#define WEXP_NOVARS (WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP)
-
-/* All of the `shell expansions': brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter
- expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, word splitting, and
- quote removal. */
-#define WEXP_SHELLEXP (WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP)
-
-/* Take the list of words in LIST and do the various substitutions. Return
- a new list of words which is the expanded list, and without things like
- variable assignments. */
-
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_words (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_ALL));
-}
-
-/* Same as expand_words (), but doesn't hack variable or environment
- variables. */
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_words_no_vars (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_NOVARS));
-}
-
-WORD_LIST *
-expand_words_shellexp (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
- return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_SHELLEXP));
-}
-
-static WORD_LIST *
-glob_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
- WORD_LIST *tlist;
- int eflags;
-{
- char **glob_array, *temp_string;
- register int glob_index;
- WORD_LIST *glob_list, *output_list, *disposables, *next;
- WORD_DESC *tword;
-
- output_list = disposables = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- glob_array = (char **)NULL;
- while (tlist)
- {
- /* For each word, either globbing is attempted or the word is
- added to orig_list. If globbing succeeds, the results are
- added to orig_list and the word (tlist) is added to the list
- of disposable words. If globbing fails and failed glob
- expansions are left unchanged (the shell default), the
- original word is added to orig_list. If globbing fails and
- failed glob expansions are removed, the original word is
- added to the list of disposable words. orig_list ends up
- in reverse order and requires a call to REVERSE_LIST to
- be set right. After all words are examined, the disposable
- words are freed. */
- next = tlist->next;
-
- /* If the word isn't an assignment and contains an unquoted
- pattern matching character, then glob it. */
- if ((tlist->word->flags & W_NOGLOB) == 0 &&
- unquoted_glob_pattern_p (tlist->word->word))
- {
- glob_array = shell_glob_filename (tlist->word->word);
-
- /* Handle error cases.
- I don't think we should report errors like "No such file
- or directory". However, I would like to report errors
- like "Read failed". */
-
- if (glob_array == 0 || GLOB_FAILED (glob_array))
- {
- glob_array = (char **)xmalloc (sizeof (char *));
- glob_array[0] = (char *)NULL;
- }
-
- /* Dequote the current word in case we have to use it. */
- if (glob_array[0] == NULL)
- {
- temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
- free (tlist->word->word);
- tlist->word->word = temp_string;
- }
-
- /* Make the array into a word list. */
- glob_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- for (glob_index = 0; glob_array[glob_index]; glob_index++)
- {
- tword = make_bare_word (glob_array[glob_index]);
- glob_list = make_word_list (tword, glob_list);
- }
-
- if (glob_list)
- {
- output_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (glob_list, output_list);
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
- }
- else if (fail_glob_expansion != 0)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- report_error (_("no match: %s"), tlist->word->word);
- exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- else if (allow_null_glob_expansion == 0)
- {
- /* Failed glob expressions are left unchanged. */
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
- }
- else
- {
- /* Failed glob expressions are removed. */
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- /* Dequote the string. */
- temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
- free (tlist->word->word);
- tlist->word->word = temp_string;
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
- }
-
- strvec_dispose (glob_array);
- glob_array = (char **)NULL;
-
- tlist = next;
- }
-
- if (disposables)
- dispose_words (disposables);
-
- if (output_list)
- output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *);
-
- return (output_list);
-}
-
-#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
-static WORD_LIST *
-brace_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
- WORD_LIST *tlist;
- int eflags;
-{
- register char **expansions;
- char *temp_string;
- WORD_LIST *disposables, *output_list, *next;
- WORD_DESC *w;
- int eindex;
-
- for (disposables = output_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; tlist; tlist = next)
- {
- next = tlist->next;
-
- if (tlist->word->flags & W_NOBRACE)
- {
-/*itrace("brace_expand_word_list: %s: W_NOBRACE", tlist->word->word);*/
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
- continue;
- }
-
- if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG))
- {
-/*itrace("brace_expand_word_list: %s: W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG", tlist->word->word);*/
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
- continue;
- }
-
- /* Only do brace expansion if the word has a brace character. If
- not, just add the word list element to BRACES and continue. In
- the common case, at least when running shell scripts, this will
- degenerate to a bunch of calls to `mbschr', and then what is
- basically a reversal of TLIST into BRACES, which is corrected
- by a call to REVERSE_LIST () on BRACES when the end of TLIST
- is reached. */
- if (mbschr (tlist->word->word, LBRACE))
- {
- expansions = brace_expand (tlist->word->word);
-
- for (eindex = 0; temp_string = expansions[eindex]; eindex++)
- {
- w = alloc_word_desc ();
- w->word = temp_string;
-
- /* If brace expansion didn't change the word, preserve
- the flags. We may want to preserve the flags
- unconditionally someday -- XXX */
- if (STREQ (temp_string, tlist->word->word))
- w->flags = tlist->word->flags;
- else
- w = make_word_flags (w, temp_string);
-
- output_list = make_word_list (w, output_list);
- }
- free (expansions);
-
- /* Add TLIST to the list of words to be freed after brace
- expansion has been performed. */
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
- }
- else
- PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
- }
-
- if (disposables)
- dispose_words (disposables);
-
- if (output_list)
- output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *);
-
- return (output_list);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-/* Take WORD, a compound associative array assignment, and internally run
- 'declare -A w', where W is the variable name portion of WORD. */
-static int
-make_internal_declare (word, option)
- char *word;
- char *option;
-{
- int t;
- WORD_LIST *wl;
- WORD_DESC *w;
-
- w = make_word (word);
-
- t = assignment (w->word, 0);
- w->word[t] = '\0';
-
- wl = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- wl = make_word_list (make_word (option), wl);
-
- return (declare_builtin (wl));
-}
-#endif
-
-static WORD_LIST *
-shell_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
- WORD_LIST *tlist;
- int eflags;
-{
- WORD_LIST *expanded, *orig_list, *new_list, *next, *temp_list;
- int expanded_something, has_dollar_at;
- char *temp_string;
-
- /* We do tilde expansion all the time. This is what 1003.2 says. */
- new_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- for (orig_list = tlist; tlist; tlist = next)
- {
- temp_string = tlist->word->word;
-
- next = tlist->next;
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* If this is a compound array assignment to a builtin that accepts
- such assignments (e.g., `declare'), take the assignment and perform
- it separately, handling the semantics of declarations inside shell
- functions. This avoids the double-evaluation of such arguments,
- because `declare' does some evaluation of compound assignments on
- its own. */
- if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG))
- {
- int t;
-
- if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_ASSIGNASSOC|W_ASSNGLOBAL)) == (W_ASSIGNASSOC|W_ASSNGLOBAL))
- make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-gA");
- else if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
- make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-A");
- else if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_ASSIGNARRAY|W_ASSNGLOBAL)) == (W_ASSIGNARRAY|W_ASSNGLOBAL))
- make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-ga");
- else if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNARRAY)
- make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-a");
- else if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSNGLOBAL)
- make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-g");
-
- t = do_word_assignment (tlist->word, 0);
- if (t == 0)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
-
- /* Now transform the word as ksh93 appears to do and go on */
- t = assignment (tlist->word->word, 0);
- tlist->word->word[t] = '\0';
- tlist->word->flags &= ~(W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT|W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG|W_ASSIGNASSOC|W_ASSIGNARRAY);
- }
-#endif
-
- expanded_something = 0;
- expanded = expand_word_internal
- (tlist->word, 0, 0, &has_dollar_at, &expanded_something);
-
- if (expanded == &expand_word_error || expanded == &expand_word_fatal)
- {
- /* By convention, each time this error is returned,
- tlist->word->word has already been freed. */
- tlist->word->word = (char *)NULL;
-
- /* Dispose our copy of the original list. */
- dispose_words (orig_list);
- /* Dispose the new list we're building. */
- dispose_words (new_list);
-
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- if (expanded == &expand_word_error)
- exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- else
- exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
- }
-
- /* Don't split words marked W_NOSPLIT. */
- if (expanded_something && (tlist->word->flags & W_NOSPLIT) == 0)
- {
- temp_list = word_list_split (expanded);
- dispose_words (expanded);
- }
- else
- {
- /* If no parameter expansion, command substitution, process
- substitution, or arithmetic substitution took place, then
- do not do word splitting. We still have to remove quoted
- null characters from the result. */
- word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (expanded);
- temp_list = expanded;
- }
-
- expanded = REVERSE_LIST (temp_list, WORD_LIST *);
- new_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (expanded, new_list);
- }
-
- if (orig_list)
- dispose_words (orig_list);
-
- if (new_list)
- new_list = REVERSE_LIST (new_list, WORD_LIST *);
-
- return (new_list);
-}
-
-/* The workhorse for expand_words () and expand_words_no_vars ().
- First arg is LIST, a WORD_LIST of words.
- Second arg EFLAGS is a flags word controlling which expansions are
- performed.
-
- This does all of the substitutions: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
- parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
- process substitution, word splitting, and pathname expansion, according
- to the bits set in EFLAGS. Words with the W_QUOTED or W_NOSPLIT bits
- set, or for which no expansion is done, do not undergo word splitting.
- Words with the W_NOGLOB bit set do not undergo pathname expansion; words
- with W_NOBRACE set do not undergo brace expansion (see
- brace_expand_word_list above). */
-static WORD_LIST *
-expand_word_list_internal (list, eflags)
- WORD_LIST *list;
- int eflags;
-{
- WORD_LIST *new_list, *temp_list;
- int tint;
-
- tempenv_assign_error = 0;
- if (list == 0)
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
-
- garglist = new_list = copy_word_list (list);
- if (eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN)
- {
- garglist = new_list = separate_out_assignments (new_list);
- if (new_list == 0)
- {
- if (subst_assign_varlist)
- {
- /* All the words were variable assignments, so they are placed
- into the shell's environment. */
- for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
- {
- this_command_name = (char *)NULL; /* no arithmetic errors */
- tint = do_word_assignment (temp_list->word, 0);
- /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells
- running in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */
- if (tint == 0)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
- exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
- else
- exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- }
- dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist);
- subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- }
- return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
- }
- }
-
- /* Begin expanding the words that remain. The expansions take place on
- things that aren't really variable assignments. */
-
-#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
- /* Do brace expansion on this word if there are any brace characters
- in the string. */
- if ((eflags & WEXP_BRACEEXP) && brace_expansion && new_list)
- new_list = brace_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
-#endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */
-
- /* Perform the `normal' shell expansions: tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
- and word splitting. */
- new_list = shell_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
-
- /* Okay, we're almost done. Now let's just do some filename
- globbing. */
- if (new_list)
- {
- if ((eflags & WEXP_PATHEXP) && disallow_filename_globbing == 0)
- /* Glob expand the word list unless globbing has been disabled. */
- new_list = glob_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
- else
- /* Dequote the words, because we're not performing globbing. */
- new_list = dequote_list (new_list);
- }
-
- if ((eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN) && subst_assign_varlist)
- {
- sh_wassign_func_t *assign_func;
- int is_special_builtin, is_builtin_or_func;
-
- /* If the remainder of the words expand to nothing, Posix.2 requires
- that the variable and environment assignments affect the shell's
- environment. */
- assign_func = new_list ? assign_in_env : do_word_assignment;
- tempenv_assign_error = 0;
-
- is_builtin_or_func = (new_list && new_list->word && (find_shell_builtin (new_list->word->word) || find_function (new_list->word->word)));
- /* Posix says that special builtins exit if a variable assignment error
- occurs in an assignment preceding it. */
- is_special_builtin = (posixly_correct && new_list && new_list->word && find_special_builtin (new_list->word->word));
-
- for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
- {
- this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
- assigning_in_environment = (assign_func == assign_in_env);
- tint = (*assign_func) (temp_list->word, is_builtin_or_func);
- assigning_in_environment = 0;
- /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells running
- in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */
- if (tint == 0)
- {
- if (assign_func == do_word_assignment)
- {
- last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct && is_special_builtin)
- exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
- else
- exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- else
- tempenv_assign_error++;
- }
- }
-
- dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist);
- subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- }
-
- return (new_list);
-}
+++ /dev/null
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
-THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
-PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
-
-export THIS_SH PATH
-
-rm -f /tmp/xx
-
-/bin/sh "$@"
+++ /dev/null
-# basic cases
-a=1
-a+=4
-echo $a
-
-x=(1 2 3)
-x+=(4 5 6)
-
-echo ${x[@]}
-
-x[4]+=1
-echo ${x[@]}
-
-# trickier cases
-# post-bash-4.2: bash understands += in environment assignments preceding
-# command names
-a+=5 printenv a
-echo $a
-
-# if the integer flag is set, ksh93 appears to do arithmetic += and evaluate
-# old value as an arithmetic expression
-a=
-typeset -i a
-a+=7
-echo $a
-
-b=4+1
-typeset -i b
-b+=37
-
-echo $b
-
-unset x
-x=(1 2 3 4 5)
-
-typeset -i x
-
-x[4]+=7
-
-echo ${x[@]}
-
-unset x
-typeset -i x
-
-x=([0]=7+11)
-echo ${x[@]}
-
-unset x
-x=(1 2 3 4 5)
-
-typeset -i x
-
-#x[4]=7+11
-
-x=(1 2 3 4 [4]=7+11 )
-echo ${x[@]}
-
-x=( 1 2 [2]+=7 4 5 )
-echo ${x[@]}
-
-x+=( [3]+=9 [5]=9 )
-echo ${x[@]}
-
-unset a
-a=1
-export a+=4
-printenv a
-printenv a+
-
-unset x
-typeset -i x=4+5
-echo $x
-
-unset x
-typeset x+=4
-echo $x
-
-typeset -i x+=5
-echo $x
-
-readonly x+=7
-echo $x
-
-x+=5
-
-${THIS_SH} ./appendop1.sub
+++ /dev/null
-:; ./shx
-
-sh:
-<&$fd ok
-nlbq Mon Aug 3 02:45:00 EDT 1992
-bang geoff
-quote 712824302
-setbq defmsgid=<1992Aug3.024502.6176@host>
-bgwait sleep done... wait 6187
-
-
-bash:
-<&$fd ok
-nlbq Mon Aug 3 02:45:09 EDT 1992
-bang geoff
-quote 712824311
-setbq defmsgid=<1992Aug3.024512.6212@host>
-bgwait sleep done... wait 6223
-
-
-ash:
-<&$fd shx1: 4: Syntax error: Bad fd number
-nlbq Mon Aug 3 02:45:19 EDT 1992
-bang geoff
-quote getdate: `"now"' not a valid date
-
-setbq defmsgid=<1992Aug3.` echo 024521
-bgwait sleep done... wait 6241
-
-
-ksh:
-<&$fd ok
-nlbq ./shx: 6248 Memory fault - core dumped
-bang geoff
-quote getdate: `"now"' not a valid date
-
-setbq defmsgid=<1992Aug3.024530.6257@host>
-bgwait no such job: 6265
-wait 6265
-sleep done...
-
-zsh:
-<&$fd ok
-nlbq Mon Aug 3 02:45:36 EDT 1992
-bang shx3: event not found: /s/ [4]
-quote 712824337
-setbq defmsgid=<..6290@host>
-bgwait shx7: unmatched " [9]
-sleep done...
-:;
+++ /dev/null
-#! /bin/sh
-for cmd in sh bash ash ksh zsh
-do
- echo
- echo $cmd:
- for demo in shx?
- do
- $cmd $demo
- done
-done
+++ /dev/null
-/* variables.c -- Functions for hacking shell variables. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#include "config.h"
-
-#include "bashtypes.h"
-#include "posixstat.h"
-#include "posixtime.h"
-
-#if defined (__QNX__)
-# if defined (__QNXNTO__)
-# include <sys/netmgr.h>
-# else
-# include <sys/vc.h>
-# endif /* !__QNXNTO__ */
-#endif /* __QNX__ */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "chartypes.h"
-#if defined (HAVE_PWD_H)
-# include <pwd.h>
-#endif
-#include "bashansi.h"
-#include "bashintl.h"
-
-#define NEED_XTRACE_SET_DECL
-
-#include "shell.h"
-#include "flags.h"
-#include "execute_cmd.h"
-#include "findcmd.h"
-#include "mailcheck.h"
-#include "input.h"
-#include "hashcmd.h"
-#include "pathexp.h"
-#include "alias.h"
-#include "jobs.h"
-
-#include "version.h"
-
-#include "builtins/getopt.h"
-#include "builtins/common.h"
-#include "builtins/builtext.h"
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-# include "bashline.h"
-# include <readline/readline.h>
-#else
-# include <tilde/tilde.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
-# include "bashhist.h"
-# include <readline/history.h>
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
-#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
-# include "pcomplete.h"
-#endif
-
-#define TEMPENV_HASH_BUCKETS 4 /* must be power of two */
-
-#define ifsname(s) ((s)[0] == 'I' && (s)[1] == 'F' && (s)[2] == 'S' && (s)[3] == '\0')
-
-extern char **environ;
-
-/* Variables used here and defined in other files. */
-extern int posixly_correct;
-extern int line_number, line_number_base;
-extern int subshell_environment, indirection_level, subshell_level;
-extern int build_version, patch_level;
-extern int expanding_redir;
-extern int last_command_exit_value;
-extern char *dist_version, *release_status;
-extern char *shell_name;
-extern char *primary_prompt, *secondary_prompt;
-extern char *current_host_name;
-extern sh_builtin_func_t *this_shell_builtin;
-extern SHELL_VAR *this_shell_function;
-extern char *the_printed_command_except_trap;
-extern char *this_command_name;
-extern char *command_execution_string;
-extern time_t shell_start_time;
-extern int assigning_in_environment;
-extern int executing_builtin;
-extern int funcnest_max;
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-extern int no_line_editing;
-extern int perform_hostname_completion;
-#endif
-
-/* The list of shell variables that the user has created at the global
- scope, or that came from the environment. */
-VAR_CONTEXT *global_variables = (VAR_CONTEXT *)NULL;
-
-/* The current list of shell variables, including function scopes */
-VAR_CONTEXT *shell_variables = (VAR_CONTEXT *)NULL;
-
-/* The list of shell functions that the user has created, or that came from
- the environment. */
-HASH_TABLE *shell_functions = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
-
-#if defined (DEBUGGER)
-/* The table of shell function definitions that the user defined or that
- came from the environment. */
-HASH_TABLE *shell_function_defs = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
-#endif
-
-/* The current variable context. This is really a count of how deep into
- executing functions we are. */
-int variable_context = 0;
-
-/* The set of shell assignments which are made only in the environment
- for a single command. */
-HASH_TABLE *temporary_env = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
-
-/* Set to non-zero if an assignment error occurs while putting variables
- into the temporary environment. */
-int tempenv_assign_error;
-
-/* Some funky variables which are known about specially. Here is where
- "$*", "$1", and all the cruft is kept. */
-char *dollar_vars[10];
-WORD_LIST *rest_of_args = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-
-/* The value of $$. */
-pid_t dollar_dollar_pid;
-
-/* Non-zero means that we have to remake EXPORT_ENV. */
-int array_needs_making = 1;
-
-/* The number of times BASH has been executed. This is set
- by initialize_variables (). */
-int shell_level = 0;
-
-/* An array which is passed to commands as their environment. It is
- manufactured from the union of the initial environment and the
- shell variables that are marked for export. */
-char **export_env = (char **)NULL;
-static int export_env_index;
-static int export_env_size;
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-static int winsize_assignment; /* currently assigning to LINES or COLUMNS */
-#endif
-
-static HASH_TABLE *last_table_searched; /* hash_lookup sets this */
-
-/* Some forward declarations. */
-static void create_variable_tables __P((void));
-
-static void set_machine_vars __P((void));
-static void set_home_var __P((void));
-static void set_shell_var __P((void));
-static char *get_bash_name __P((void));
-static void initialize_shell_level __P((void));
-static void uidset __P((void));
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static void make_vers_array __P((void));
-#endif
-
-static SHELL_VAR *null_assign __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *null_array_assign __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-#endif
-static SHELL_VAR *get_self __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *init_dynamic_array_var __P((char *, sh_var_value_func_t *, sh_var_assign_func_t *, int));
-static SHELL_VAR *init_dynamic_assoc_var __P((char *, sh_var_value_func_t *, sh_var_assign_func_t *, int));
-#endif
-
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_seconds __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-static SHELL_VAR *get_seconds __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static SHELL_VAR *init_seconds_var __P((void));
-
-static int brand __P((void));
-static void sbrand __P((unsigned long)); /* set bash random number generator. */
-static void seedrand __P((void)); /* seed generator randomly */
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_random __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-static SHELL_VAR *get_random __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_lineno __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-static SHELL_VAR *get_lineno __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_subshell __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-static SHELL_VAR *get_subshell __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-
-static SHELL_VAR *get_bashpid __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
-static SHELL_VAR *get_histcmd __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-#endif
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-static SHELL_VAR *get_comp_wordbreaks __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_comp_wordbreaks __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-#endif
-
-#if defined (PUSHD_AND_POPD) && defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_dirstack __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-static SHELL_VAR *get_dirstack __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-#endif
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *get_groupset __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-
-static SHELL_VAR *build_hashcmd __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static SHELL_VAR *get_hashcmd __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_hashcmd __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-# if defined (ALIAS)
-static SHELL_VAR *build_aliasvar __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static SHELL_VAR *get_aliasvar __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static SHELL_VAR *assign_aliasvar __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, arrayind_t, char *));
-# endif
-#endif
-
-static SHELL_VAR *get_funcname __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static SHELL_VAR *init_funcname_var __P((void));
-
-static void initialize_dynamic_variables __P((void));
-
-static SHELL_VAR *hash_lookup __P((const char *, HASH_TABLE *));
-static SHELL_VAR *new_shell_variable __P((const char *));
-static SHELL_VAR *make_new_variable __P((const char *, HASH_TABLE *));
-static SHELL_VAR *bind_variable_internal __P((const char *, char *, HASH_TABLE *, int, int));
-
-static void dispose_variable_value __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static void free_variable_hash_data __P((PTR_T));
-
-static VARLIST *vlist_alloc __P((int));
-static VARLIST *vlist_realloc __P((VARLIST *, int));
-static void vlist_add __P((VARLIST *, SHELL_VAR *, int));
-
-static void flatten __P((HASH_TABLE *, sh_var_map_func_t *, VARLIST *, int));
-
-static int qsort_var_comp __P((SHELL_VAR **, SHELL_VAR **));
-
-static SHELL_VAR **vapply __P((sh_var_map_func_t *));
-static SHELL_VAR **fapply __P((sh_var_map_func_t *));
-
-static int visible_var __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static int visible_and_exported __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static int export_environment_candidate __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static int local_and_exported __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-static int variable_in_context __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static int visible_array_vars __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-#endif
-
-static SHELL_VAR *find_nameref_at_context __P((SHELL_VAR *, VAR_CONTEXT *));
-static SHELL_VAR *find_variable_nameref_context __P((SHELL_VAR *, VAR_CONTEXT *, VAR_CONTEXT **));
-static SHELL_VAR *find_variable_last_nameref_context __P((SHELL_VAR *, VAR_CONTEXT *, VAR_CONTEXT **));
-
-static SHELL_VAR *bind_tempenv_variable __P((const char *, char *));
-static void push_temp_var __P((PTR_T));
-static void propagate_temp_var __P((PTR_T));
-static void dispose_temporary_env __P((sh_free_func_t *));
-
-static inline char *mk_env_string __P((const char *, const char *));
-static char **make_env_array_from_var_list __P((SHELL_VAR **));
-static char **make_var_export_array __P((VAR_CONTEXT *));
-static char **make_func_export_array __P((void));
-static void add_temp_array_to_env __P((char **, int, int));
-
-static int n_shell_variables __P((void));
-static int set_context __P((SHELL_VAR *));
-
-static void push_func_var __P((PTR_T));
-static void push_exported_var __P((PTR_T));
-
-static inline int find_special_var __P((const char *));
-
-static void
-create_variable_tables ()
-{
- if (shell_variables == 0)
- {
- shell_variables = global_variables = new_var_context ((char *)NULL, 0);
- shell_variables->scope = 0;
- shell_variables->table = hash_create (0);
- }
-
- if (shell_functions == 0)
- shell_functions = hash_create (0);
-
-#if defined (DEBUGGER)
- if (shell_function_defs == 0)
- shell_function_defs = hash_create (0);
-#endif
-}
-
-/* Initialize the shell variables from the current environment.
- If PRIVMODE is nonzero, don't import functions from ENV or
- parse $SHELLOPTS. */
-void
-initialize_shell_variables (env, privmode)
- char **env;
- int privmode;
-{
- char *name, *string, *temp_string;
- int c, char_index, string_index, string_length, ro;
- SHELL_VAR *temp_var;
-
- create_variable_tables ();
-
- for (string_index = 0; string = env[string_index++]; )
- {
- char_index = 0;
- name = string;
- while ((c = *string++) && c != '=')
- ;
- if (string[-1] == '=')
- char_index = string - name - 1;
-
- /* If there are weird things in the environment, like `=xxx' or a
- string without an `=', just skip them. */
- if (char_index == 0)
- continue;
-
- /* ASSERT(name[char_index] == '=') */
- name[char_index] = '\0';
- /* Now, name = env variable name, string = env variable value, and
- char_index == strlen (name) */
-
- temp_var = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-
- /* If exported function, define it now. Don't import functions from
- the environment in privileged mode. */
- if (privmode == 0 && read_but_dont_execute == 0 && STREQN ("() {", string, 4))
- {
- string_length = strlen (string);
- temp_string = (char *)xmalloc (3 + string_length + char_index);
-
- strcpy (temp_string, name);
- temp_string[char_index] = ' ';
- strcpy (temp_string + char_index + 1, string);
-
- if (posixly_correct == 0 || legal_identifier (name))
- parse_and_execute (temp_string, name, SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
-
- /* Ancient backwards compatibility. Old versions of bash exported
- functions like name()=() {...} */
- if (name[char_index - 1] == ')' && name[char_index - 2] == '(')
- name[char_index - 2] = '\0';
-
- if (temp_var = find_function (name))
- {
- VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported|att_imported));
- array_needs_making = 1;
- }
- else
- {
- if (temp_var = bind_variable (name, string, 0))
- {
- VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_imported | att_invisible));
- array_needs_making = 1;
- }
- last_command_exit_value = 1;
- report_error (_("error importing function definition for `%s'"), name);
- }
-
- /* ( */
- if (name[char_index - 1] == ')' && name[char_index - 2] == '\0')
- name[char_index - 2] = '('; /* ) */
- }
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-# if ARRAY_EXPORT
- /* Array variables may not yet be exported. */
- else if (*string == '(' && string[1] == '[' && string[strlen (string) - 1] == ')')
- {
- string_length = 1;
- temp_string = extract_array_assignment_list (string, &string_length);
- temp_var = assign_array_from_string (name, temp_string);
- FREE (temp_string);
- VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_imported));
- array_needs_making = 1;
- }
-# endif /* ARRAY_EXPORT */
-#endif
-#if 0
- else if (legal_identifier (name))
-#else
- else
-#endif
- {
- ro = 0;
- if (posixly_correct && STREQ (name, "SHELLOPTS"))
- {
- temp_var = find_variable ("SHELLOPTS");
- ro = temp_var && readonly_p (temp_var);
- if (temp_var)
- VUNSETATTR (temp_var, att_readonly);
- }
- temp_var = bind_variable (name, string, 0);
- if (temp_var)
- {
- if (legal_identifier (name))
- VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_imported));
- else
- VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_imported | att_invisible));
- if (ro)
- VSETATTR (temp_var, att_readonly);
- array_needs_making = 1;
- }
- }
-
- name[char_index] = '=';
- /* temp_var can be NULL if it was an exported function with a syntax
- error (a different bug, but it still shouldn't dump core). */
- if (temp_var && function_p (temp_var) == 0) /* XXX not yet */
- {
- CACHE_IMPORTSTR (temp_var, name);
- }
- }
-
- set_pwd ();
-
- /* Set up initial value of $_ */
- temp_var = set_if_not ("_", dollar_vars[0]);
-
- /* Remember this pid. */
- dollar_dollar_pid = getpid ();
-
- /* Now make our own defaults in case the vars that we think are
- important are missing. */
- temp_var = set_if_not ("PATH", DEFAULT_PATH_VALUE);
-#if 0
- set_auto_export (temp_var); /* XXX */
-#endif
-
- temp_var = set_if_not ("TERM", "dumb");
-#if 0
- set_auto_export (temp_var); /* XXX */
-#endif
-
-#if defined (__QNX__)
- /* set node id -- don't import it from the environment */
- {
- char node_name[22];
-# if defined (__QNXNTO__)
- netmgr_ndtostr(ND2S_LOCAL_STR, ND_LOCAL_NODE, node_name, sizeof(node_name));
-# else
- qnx_nidtostr (getnid (), node_name, sizeof (node_name));
-# endif
- temp_var = bind_variable ("NODE", node_name, 0);
- set_auto_export (temp_var);
- }
-#endif
-
- /* set up the prompts. */
- if (interactive_shell)
- {
-#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
- set_if_not ("PS1", primary_prompt);
-#else
- if (current_user.uid == -1)
- get_current_user_info ();
- set_if_not ("PS1", current_user.euid == 0 ? "# " : primary_prompt);
-#endif
- set_if_not ("PS2", secondary_prompt);
- }
- set_if_not ("PS4", "+ ");
-
- /* Don't allow IFS to be imported from the environment. */
- temp_var = bind_variable ("IFS", " \t\n", 0);
- setifs (temp_var);
-
- /* Magic machine types. Pretty convenient. */
- set_machine_vars ();
-
- /* Default MAILCHECK for interactive shells. Defer the creation of a
- default MAILPATH until the startup files are read, because MAIL
- names a mail file if MAILPATH is not set, and we should provide a
- default only if neither is set. */
- if (interactive_shell)
- {
- temp_var = set_if_not ("MAILCHECK", posixly_correct ? "600" : "60");
- VSETATTR (temp_var, att_integer);
- }
-
- /* Do some things with shell level. */
- initialize_shell_level ();
-
- set_ppid ();
-
- /* Initialize the `getopts' stuff. */
- temp_var = bind_variable ("OPTIND", "1", 0);
- VSETATTR (temp_var, att_integer);
- getopts_reset (0);
- bind_variable ("OPTERR", "1", 0);
- sh_opterr = 1;
-
- if (login_shell == 1 && posixly_correct == 0)
- set_home_var ();
-
- /* Get the full pathname to THIS shell, and set the BASH variable
- to it. */
- name = get_bash_name ();
- temp_var = bind_variable ("BASH", name, 0);
- free (name);
-
- /* Make the exported environment variable SHELL be the user's login
- shell. Note that the `tset' command looks at this variable
- to determine what style of commands to output; if it ends in "csh",
- then C-shell commands are output, else Bourne shell commands. */
- set_shell_var ();
-
- /* Make a variable called BASH_VERSION which contains the version info. */
- bind_variable ("BASH_VERSION", shell_version_string (), 0);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- make_vers_array ();
-#endif
-
- if (command_execution_string)
- bind_variable ("BASH_EXECUTION_STRING", command_execution_string, 0);
-
- /* Find out if we're supposed to be in Posix.2 mode via an
- environment variable. */
- temp_var = find_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
- if (!temp_var)
- temp_var = find_variable ("POSIX_PEDANTIC");
- if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var))
- sv_strict_posix (temp_var->name);
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- /* Set history variables to defaults, and then do whatever we would
- do if the variable had just been set. Do this only in the case
- that we are remembering commands on the history list. */
- if (remember_on_history)
- {
- name = bash_tilde_expand (posixly_correct ? "~/.sh_history" : "~/.bash_history", 0);
-
- set_if_not ("HISTFILE", name);
- free (name);
- }
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
- /* Seed the random number generator. */
- seedrand ();
-
- /* Handle some "special" variables that we may have inherited from a
- parent shell. */
- if (interactive_shell)
- {
- temp_var = find_variable ("IGNOREEOF");
- if (!temp_var)
- temp_var = find_variable ("ignoreeof");
- if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var))
- sv_ignoreeof (temp_var->name);
- }
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- if (interactive_shell && remember_on_history)
- {
- sv_history_control ("HISTCONTROL");
- sv_histignore ("HISTIGNORE");
- sv_histtimefmt ("HISTTIMEFORMAT");
- }
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
-#if defined (READLINE) && defined (STRICT_POSIX)
- /* POSIXLY_CORRECT will only be 1 here if the shell was compiled
- -DSTRICT_POSIX */
- if (interactive_shell && posixly_correct && no_line_editing == 0)
- rl_prefer_env_winsize = 1;
-#endif /* READLINE && STRICT_POSIX */
-
- /*
- * 24 October 2001
- *
- * I'm tired of the arguing and bug reports. Bash now leaves SSH_CLIENT
- * and SSH2_CLIENT alone. I'm going to rely on the shell_level check in
- * isnetconn() to avoid running the startup files more often than wanted.
- * That will, of course, only work if the user's login shell is bash, so
- * I've made that behavior conditional on SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC being defined
- * in config-top.h.
- */
-#if 0
- temp_var = find_variable ("SSH_CLIENT");
- if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var))
- {
- VUNSETATTR (temp_var, att_exported);
- array_needs_making = 1;
- }
- temp_var = find_variable ("SSH2_CLIENT");
- if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var))
- {
- VUNSETATTR (temp_var, att_exported);
- array_needs_making = 1;
- }
-#endif
-
- /* Get the user's real and effective user ids. */
- uidset ();
-
- temp_var = find_variable ("BASH_XTRACEFD");
- if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var))
- sv_xtracefd (temp_var->name);
-
- /* Initialize the dynamic variables, and seed their values. */
- initialize_dynamic_variables ();
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Setting values for special shell variables */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-static void
-set_machine_vars ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *temp_var;
-
- temp_var = set_if_not ("HOSTTYPE", HOSTTYPE);
- temp_var = set_if_not ("OSTYPE", OSTYPE);
- temp_var = set_if_not ("MACHTYPE", MACHTYPE);
-
- temp_var = set_if_not ("HOSTNAME", current_host_name);
-}
-
-/* Set $HOME to the information in the password file if we didn't get
- it from the environment. */
-
-/* This function is not static so the tilde and readline libraries can
- use it. */
-char *
-sh_get_home_dir ()
-{
- if (current_user.home_dir == 0)
- get_current_user_info ();
- return current_user.home_dir;
-}
-
-static void
-set_home_var ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *temp_var;
-
- temp_var = find_variable ("HOME");
- if (temp_var == 0)
- temp_var = bind_variable ("HOME", sh_get_home_dir (), 0);
-#if 0
- VSETATTR (temp_var, att_exported);
-#endif
-}
-
-/* Set $SHELL to the user's login shell if it is not already set. Call
- get_current_user_info if we haven't already fetched the shell. */
-static void
-set_shell_var ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *temp_var;
-
- temp_var = find_variable ("SHELL");
- if (temp_var == 0)
- {
- if (current_user.shell == 0)
- get_current_user_info ();
- temp_var = bind_variable ("SHELL", current_user.shell, 0);
- }
-#if 0
- VSETATTR (temp_var, att_exported);
-#endif
-}
-
-static char *
-get_bash_name ()
-{
- char *name;
-
- if ((login_shell == 1) && RELPATH(shell_name))
- {
- if (current_user.shell == 0)
- get_current_user_info ();
- name = savestring (current_user.shell);
- }
- else if (ABSPATH(shell_name))
- name = savestring (shell_name);
- else if (shell_name[0] == '.' && shell_name[1] == '/')
- {
- /* Fast path for common case. */
- char *cdir;
- int len;
-
- cdir = get_string_value ("PWD");
- if (cdir)
- {
- len = strlen (cdir);
- name = (char *)xmalloc (len + strlen (shell_name) + 1);
- strcpy (name, cdir);
- strcpy (name + len, shell_name + 1);
- }
- else
- name = savestring (shell_name);
- }
- else
- {
- char *tname;
- int s;
-
- tname = find_user_command (shell_name);
-
- if (tname == 0)
- {
- /* Try the current directory. If there is not an executable
- there, just punt and use the login shell. */
- s = file_status (shell_name);
- if (s & FS_EXECABLE)
- {
- tname = make_absolute (shell_name, get_string_value ("PWD"));
- if (*shell_name == '.')
- {
- name = sh_canonpath (tname, PATH_CHECKDOTDOT|PATH_CHECKEXISTS);
- if (name == 0)
- name = tname;
- else
- free (tname);
- }
- else
- name = tname;
- }
- else
- {
- if (current_user.shell == 0)
- get_current_user_info ();
- name = savestring (current_user.shell);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- name = full_pathname (tname);
- free (tname);
- }
- }
-
- return (name);
-}
-
-void
-adjust_shell_level (change)
- int change;
-{
- char new_level[5], *old_SHLVL;
- intmax_t old_level;
- SHELL_VAR *temp_var;
-
- old_SHLVL = get_string_value ("SHLVL");
- if (old_SHLVL == 0 || *old_SHLVL == '\0' || legal_number (old_SHLVL, &old_level) == 0)
- old_level = 0;
-
- shell_level = old_level + change;
- if (shell_level < 0)
- shell_level = 0;
- else if (shell_level > 1000)
- {
- internal_warning (_("shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1"), shell_level);
- shell_level = 1;
- }
-
- /* We don't need the full generality of itos here. */
- if (shell_level < 10)
- {
- new_level[0] = shell_level + '0';
- new_level[1] = '\0';
- }
- else if (shell_level < 100)
- {
- new_level[0] = (shell_level / 10) + '0';
- new_level[1] = (shell_level % 10) + '0';
- new_level[2] = '\0';
- }
- else if (shell_level < 1000)
- {
- new_level[0] = (shell_level / 100) + '0';
- old_level = shell_level % 100;
- new_level[1] = (old_level / 10) + '0';
- new_level[2] = (old_level % 10) + '0';
- new_level[3] = '\0';
- }
-
- temp_var = bind_variable ("SHLVL", new_level, 0);
- set_auto_export (temp_var);
-}
-
-static void
-initialize_shell_level ()
-{
- adjust_shell_level (1);
-}
-
-/* If we got PWD from the environment, update our idea of the current
- working directory. In any case, make sure that PWD exists before
- checking it. It is possible for getcwd () to fail on shell startup,
- and in that case, PWD would be undefined. If this is an interactive
- login shell, see if $HOME is the current working directory, and if
- that's not the same string as $PWD, set PWD=$HOME. */
-
-void
-set_pwd ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *temp_var, *home_var;
- char *temp_string, *home_string;
-
- home_var = find_variable ("HOME");
- home_string = home_var ? value_cell (home_var) : (char *)NULL;
-
- temp_var = find_variable ("PWD");
- if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var) &&
- (temp_string = value_cell (temp_var)) &&
- same_file (temp_string, ".", (struct stat *)NULL, (struct stat *)NULL))
- set_working_directory (temp_string);
- else if (home_string && interactive_shell && login_shell &&
- same_file (home_string, ".", (struct stat *)NULL, (struct stat *)NULL))
- {
- set_working_directory (home_string);
- temp_var = bind_variable ("PWD", home_string, 0);
- set_auto_export (temp_var);
- }
- else
- {
- temp_string = get_working_directory ("shell-init");
- if (temp_string)
- {
- temp_var = bind_variable ("PWD", temp_string, 0);
- set_auto_export (temp_var);
- free (temp_string);
- }
- }
-
- /* According to the Single Unix Specification, v2, $OLDPWD is an
- `environment variable' and therefore should be auto-exported.
- Make a dummy invisible variable for OLDPWD, and mark it as exported. */
- temp_var = bind_variable ("OLDPWD", (char *)NULL, 0);
- VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_exported | att_invisible));
-}
-
-/* Make a variable $PPID, which holds the pid of the shell's parent. */
-void
-set_ppid ()
-{
- char namebuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(pid_t) + 1], *name;
- SHELL_VAR *temp_var;
-
- name = inttostr (getppid (), namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
- temp_var = find_variable ("PPID");
- if (temp_var)
- VUNSETATTR (temp_var, (att_readonly | att_exported));
- temp_var = bind_variable ("PPID", name, 0);
- VSETATTR (temp_var, (att_readonly | att_integer));
-}
-
-static void
-uidset ()
-{
- char buff[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(uid_t) + 1], *b;
- register SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- b = inttostr (current_user.uid, buff, sizeof (buff));
- v = find_variable ("UID");
- if (v == 0)
- {
- v = bind_variable ("UID", b, 0);
- VSETATTR (v, (att_readonly | att_integer));
- }
-
- if (current_user.euid != current_user.uid)
- b = inttostr (current_user.euid, buff, sizeof (buff));
-
- v = find_variable ("EUID");
- if (v == 0)
- {
- v = bind_variable ("EUID", b, 0);
- VSETATTR (v, (att_readonly | att_integer));
- }
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static void
-make_vers_array ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *vv;
- ARRAY *av;
- char *s, d[32], b[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(int) + 1];
-
- unbind_variable ("BASH_VERSINFO");
-
- vv = make_new_array_variable ("BASH_VERSINFO");
- av = array_cell (vv);
- strcpy (d, dist_version);
- s = strchr (d, '.');
- if (s)
- *s++ = '\0';
- array_insert (av, 0, d);
- array_insert (av, 1, s);
- s = inttostr (patch_level, b, sizeof (b));
- array_insert (av, 2, s);
- s = inttostr (build_version, b, sizeof (b));
- array_insert (av, 3, s);
- array_insert (av, 4, release_status);
- array_insert (av, 5, MACHTYPE);
-
- VSETATTR (vv, att_readonly);
-}
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
-/* Set the environment variables $LINES and $COLUMNS in response to
- a window size change. */
-void
-sh_set_lines_and_columns (lines, cols)
- int lines, cols;
-{
- char val[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(int) + 1], *v;
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- /* If we are currently assigning to LINES or COLUMNS, don't do anything. */
- if (winsize_assignment)
- return;
-#endif
-
- v = inttostr (lines, val, sizeof (val));
- bind_variable ("LINES", v, 0);
-
- v = inttostr (cols, val, sizeof (val));
- bind_variable ("COLUMNS", v, 0);
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Printing variables and values */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Print LIST (a list of shell variables) to stdout in such a way that
- they can be read back in. */
-void
-print_var_list (list)
- register SHELL_VAR **list;
-{
- register int i;
- register SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- for (i = 0; list && (var = list[i]); i++)
- if (invisible_p (var) == 0)
- print_assignment (var);
-}
-
-/* Print LIST (a list of shell functions) to stdout in such a way that
- they can be read back in. */
-void
-print_func_list (list)
- register SHELL_VAR **list;
-{
- register int i;
- register SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- for (i = 0; list && (var = list[i]); i++)
- {
- printf ("%s ", var->name);
- print_var_function (var);
- printf ("\n");
- }
-}
-
-/* Print the value of a single SHELL_VAR. No newline is
- output, but the variable is printed in such a way that
- it can be read back in. */
-void
-print_assignment (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- if (var_isset (var) == 0)
- return;
-
- if (function_p (var))
- {
- printf ("%s", var->name);
- print_var_function (var);
- printf ("\n");
- }
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (array_p (var))
- print_array_assignment (var, 0);
- else if (assoc_p (var))
- print_assoc_assignment (var, 0);
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
- else
- {
- printf ("%s=", var->name);
- print_var_value (var, 1);
- printf ("\n");
- }
-}
-
-/* Print the value cell of VAR, a shell variable. Do not print
- the name, nor leading/trailing newline. If QUOTE is non-zero,
- and the value contains shell metacharacters, quote the value
- in such a way that it can be read back in. */
-void
-print_var_value (var, quote)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- int quote;
-{
- char *t;
-
- if (var_isset (var) == 0)
- return;
-
- if (quote && posixly_correct == 0 && ansic_shouldquote (value_cell (var)))
- {
- t = ansic_quote (value_cell (var), 0, (int *)0);
- printf ("%s", t);
- free (t);
- }
- else if (quote && sh_contains_shell_metas (value_cell (var)))
- {
- t = sh_single_quote (value_cell (var));
- printf ("%s", t);
- free (t);
- }
- else
- printf ("%s", value_cell (var));
-}
-
-/* Print the function cell of VAR, a shell variable. Do not
- print the name, nor leading/trailing newline. */
-void
-print_var_function (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- char *x;
-
- if (function_p (var) && var_isset (var))
- {
- x = named_function_string ((char *)NULL, function_cell(var), FUNC_MULTILINE|FUNC_EXTERNAL);
- printf ("%s", x);
- }
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Dynamic Variables */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* DYNAMIC VARIABLES
-
- These are variables whose values are generated anew each time they are
- referenced. These are implemented using a pair of function pointers
- in the struct variable: assign_func, which is called from bind_variable
- and, if arrays are compiled into the shell, some of the functions in
- arrayfunc.c, and dynamic_value, which is called from find_variable.
-
- assign_func is called from bind_variable_internal, if
- bind_variable_internal discovers that the variable being assigned to
- has such a function. The function is called as
- SHELL_VAR *temp = (*(entry->assign_func)) (entry, value, ind)
- and the (SHELL_VAR *)temp is returned as the value of bind_variable. It
- is usually ENTRY (self). IND is an index for an array variable, and
- unused otherwise.
-
- dynamic_value is called from find_variable_internal to return a `new'
- value for the specified dynamic varible. If this function is NULL,
- the variable is treated as a `normal' shell variable. If it is not,
- however, then this function is called like this:
- tempvar = (*(var->dynamic_value)) (var);
-
- Sometimes `tempvar' will replace the value of `var'. Other times, the
- shell will simply use the string value. Pretty object-oriented, huh?
-
- Be warned, though: if you `unset' a special variable, it loses its
- special meaning, even if you subsequently set it.
-
- The special assignment code would probably have been better put in
- subst.c: do_assignment_internal, in the same style as
- stupidly_hack_special_variables, but I wanted the changes as
- localized as possible. */
-
-#define INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR(var, val, gfunc, afunc) \
- do \
- { \
- v = bind_variable (var, (val), 0); \
- v->dynamic_value = gfunc; \
- v->assign_func = afunc; \
- } \
- while (0)
-
-#define INIT_DYNAMIC_ARRAY_VAR(var, gfunc, afunc) \
- do \
- { \
- v = make_new_array_variable (var); \
- v->dynamic_value = gfunc; \
- v->assign_func = afunc; \
- } \
- while (0)
-
-#define INIT_DYNAMIC_ASSOC_VAR(var, gfunc, afunc) \
- do \
- { \
- v = make_new_assoc_variable (var); \
- v->dynamic_value = gfunc; \
- v->assign_func = afunc; \
- } \
- while (0)
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-null_assign (self, value, unused, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t unused;
- char *key;
-{
- return (self);
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *
-null_array_assign (self, value, ind, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t ind;
- char *key;
-{
- return (self);
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Degenerate `dynamic_value' function; just returns what's passed without
- manipulation. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_self (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
- return (self);
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-/* A generic dynamic array variable initializer. Intialize array variable
- NAME with dynamic value function GETFUNC and assignment function SETFUNC. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-init_dynamic_array_var (name, getfunc, setfunc, attrs)
- char *name;
- sh_var_value_func_t *getfunc;
- sh_var_assign_func_t *setfunc;
- int attrs;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v)
- return (v);
- INIT_DYNAMIC_ARRAY_VAR (name, getfunc, setfunc);
- if (attrs)
- VSETATTR (v, attrs);
- return v;
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-init_dynamic_assoc_var (name, getfunc, setfunc, attrs)
- char *name;
- sh_var_value_func_t *getfunc;
- sh_var_assign_func_t *setfunc;
- int attrs;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v)
- return (v);
- INIT_DYNAMIC_ASSOC_VAR (name, getfunc, setfunc);
- if (attrs)
- VSETATTR (v, attrs);
- return v;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* The value of $SECONDS. This is the number of seconds since shell
- invocation, or, the number of seconds since the last assignment + the
- value of the last assignment. */
-static intmax_t seconds_value_assigned;
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_seconds (self, value, unused, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t unused;
- char *key;
-{
- if (legal_number (value, &seconds_value_assigned) == 0)
- seconds_value_assigned = 0;
- shell_start_time = NOW;
- return (self);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_seconds (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- time_t time_since_start;
- char *p;
-
- time_since_start = NOW - shell_start_time;
- p = itos(seconds_value_assigned + time_since_start);
-
- FREE (value_cell (var));
-
- VSETATTR (var, att_integer);
- var_setvalue (var, p);
- return (var);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-init_seconds_var ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable ("SECONDS");
- if (v)
- {
- if (legal_number (value_cell(v), &seconds_value_assigned) == 0)
- seconds_value_assigned = 0;
- }
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("SECONDS", (v ? value_cell (v) : (char *)NULL), get_seconds, assign_seconds);
- return v;
-}
-
-/* The random number seed. You can change this by setting RANDOM. */
-static unsigned long rseed = 1;
-static int last_random_value;
-static int seeded_subshell = 0;
-
-/* A linear congruential random number generator based on the example
- one in the ANSI C standard. This one isn't very good, but a more
- complicated one is overkill. */
-
-/* Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 32767. */
-static int
-brand ()
-{
- /* From "Random number generators: good ones are hard to find",
- Park and Miller, Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, no. 10,
- October 1988, p. 1195. filtered through FreeBSD */
- long h, l;
-
- /* Can't seed with 0. */
- if (rseed == 0)
- rseed = 123459876;
- h = rseed / 127773;
- l = rseed % 127773;
- rseed = 16807 * l - 2836 * h;
-#if 0
- if (rseed < 0)
- rseed += 0x7fffffff;
-#endif
- return ((unsigned int)(rseed & 32767)); /* was % 32768 */
-}
-
-/* Set the random number generator seed to SEED. */
-static void
-sbrand (seed)
- unsigned long seed;
-{
- rseed = seed;
- last_random_value = 0;
-}
-
-static void
-seedrand ()
-{
- struct timeval tv;
-
- gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
- sbrand (tv.tv_sec ^ tv.tv_usec ^ getpid ());
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_random (self, value, unused, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t unused;
- char *key;
-{
- sbrand (strtoul (value, (char **)NULL, 10));
- if (subshell_environment)
- seeded_subshell = getpid ();
- return (self);
-}
-
-int
-get_random_number ()
-{
- int rv, pid;
-
- /* Reset for command and process substitution. */
- pid = getpid ();
- if (subshell_environment && seeded_subshell != pid)
- {
- seedrand ();
- seeded_subshell = pid;
- }
-
- do
- rv = brand ();
- while (rv == last_random_value);
- return rv;
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_random (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- int rv;
- char *p;
-
- rv = get_random_number ();
- last_random_value = rv;
- p = itos (rv);
-
- FREE (value_cell (var));
-
- VSETATTR (var, att_integer);
- var_setvalue (var, p);
- return (var);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_lineno (var, value, unused, key)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t unused;
- char *key;
-{
- intmax_t new_value;
-
- if (value == 0 || *value == '\0' || legal_number (value, &new_value) == 0)
- new_value = 0;
- line_number = line_number_base = new_value;
- return var;
-}
-
-/* Function which returns the current line number. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_lineno (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- char *p;
- int ln;
-
- ln = executing_line_number ();
- p = itos (ln);
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- var_setvalue (var, p);
- return (var);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_subshell (var, value, unused, key)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t unused;
- char *key;
-{
- intmax_t new_value;
-
- if (value == 0 || *value == '\0' || legal_number (value, &new_value) == 0)
- new_value = 0;
- subshell_level = new_value;
- return var;
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_subshell (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- char *p;
-
- p = itos (subshell_level);
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- var_setvalue (var, p);
- return (var);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_bashpid (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- int pid;
- char *p;
-
- pid = getpid ();
- p = itos (pid);
-
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- VSETATTR (var, att_integer|att_readonly);
- var_setvalue (var, p);
- return (var);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_bash_command (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- char *p;
-
- if (the_printed_command_except_trap)
- p = savestring (the_printed_command_except_trap);
- else
- {
- p = (char *)xmalloc (1);
- p[0] = '\0';
- }
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- var_setvalue (var, p);
- return (var);
-}
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_histcmd (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- char *p;
-
- p = itos (history_number ());
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- var_setvalue (var, p);
- return (var);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-/* When this function returns, VAR->value points to malloced memory. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_comp_wordbreaks (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- /* If we don't have anything yet, assign a default value. */
- if (rl_completer_word_break_characters == 0 && bash_readline_initialized == 0)
- enable_hostname_completion (perform_hostname_completion);
-
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- var_setvalue (var, savestring (rl_completer_word_break_characters));
-
- return (var);
-}
-
-/* When this function returns, rl_completer_word_break_characters points to
- malloced memory. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_comp_wordbreaks (self, value, unused, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t unused;
- char *key;
-{
- if (rl_completer_word_break_characters &&
- rl_completer_word_break_characters != rl_basic_word_break_characters)
- free (rl_completer_word_break_characters);
-
- rl_completer_word_break_characters = savestring (value);
- return self;
-}
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
-#if defined (PUSHD_AND_POPD) && defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_dirstack (self, value, ind, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t ind;
- char *key;
-{
- set_dirstack_element (ind, 1, value);
- return self;
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_dirstack (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
- ARRAY *a;
- WORD_LIST *l;
-
- l = get_directory_stack (0);
- a = array_from_word_list (l);
- array_dispose (array_cell (self));
- dispose_words (l);
- var_setarray (self, a);
- return self;
-}
-#endif /* PUSHD AND POPD && ARRAY_VARS */
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-/* We don't want to initialize the group set with a call to getgroups()
- unless we're asked to, but we only want to do it once. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_groupset (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
- register int i;
- int ng;
- ARRAY *a;
- static char **group_set = (char **)NULL;
-
- if (group_set == 0)
- {
- group_set = get_group_list (&ng);
- a = array_cell (self);
- for (i = 0; i < ng; i++)
- array_insert (a, i, group_set[i]);
- }
- return (self);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-build_hashcmd (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
- HASH_TABLE *h;
- int i;
- char *k, *v;
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *item;
-
- h = assoc_cell (self);
- if (h)
- assoc_dispose (h);
-
- if (hashed_filenames == 0 || HASH_ENTRIES (hashed_filenames) == 0)
- {
- var_setvalue (self, (char *)NULL);
- return self;
- }
-
- h = assoc_create (hashed_filenames->nbuckets);
- for (i = 0; i < hashed_filenames->nbuckets; i++)
- {
- for (item = hash_items (i, hashed_filenames); item; item = item->next)
- {
- k = savestring (item->key);
- v = pathdata(item)->path;
- assoc_insert (h, k, v);
- }
- }
-
- var_setvalue (self, (char *)h);
- return self;
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_hashcmd (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
- build_hashcmd (self);
- return (self);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_hashcmd (self, value, ind, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t ind;
- char *key;
-{
- phash_insert (key, value, 0, 0);
- return (build_hashcmd (self));
-}
-
-#if defined (ALIAS)
-static SHELL_VAR *
-build_aliasvar (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
- HASH_TABLE *h;
- int i;
- char *k, *v;
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *item;
-
- h = assoc_cell (self);
- if (h)
- assoc_dispose (h);
-
- if (aliases == 0 || HASH_ENTRIES (aliases) == 0)
- {
- var_setvalue (self, (char *)NULL);
- return self;
- }
-
- h = assoc_create (aliases->nbuckets);
- for (i = 0; i < aliases->nbuckets; i++)
- {
- for (item = hash_items (i, aliases); item; item = item->next)
- {
- k = savestring (item->key);
- v = ((alias_t *)(item->data))->value;
- assoc_insert (h, k, v);
- }
- }
-
- var_setvalue (self, (char *)h);
- return self;
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_aliasvar (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
- build_aliasvar (self);
- return (self);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-assign_aliasvar (self, value, ind, key)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
- char *value;
- arrayind_t ind;
- char *key;
-{
- add_alias (key, value);
- return (build_aliasvar (self));
-}
-#endif /* ALIAS */
-
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
-/* If ARRAY_VARS is not defined, this just returns the name of any
- currently-executing function. If we have arrays, it's a call stack. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-get_funcname (self)
- SHELL_VAR *self;
-{
-#if ! defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- char *t;
- if (variable_context && this_shell_function)
- {
- FREE (value_cell (self));
- t = savestring (this_shell_function->name);
- var_setvalue (self, t);
- }
-#endif
- return (self);
-}
-
-void
-make_funcname_visible (on_or_off)
- int on_or_off;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable ("FUNCNAME");
- if (v == 0 || v->dynamic_value == 0)
- return;
-
- if (on_or_off)
- VUNSETATTR (v, att_invisible);
- else
- VSETATTR (v, att_invisible);
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-init_funcname_var ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable ("FUNCNAME");
- if (v)
- return v;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- INIT_DYNAMIC_ARRAY_VAR ("FUNCNAME", get_funcname, null_array_assign);
-#else
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("FUNCNAME", (char *)NULL, get_funcname, null_assign);
-#endif
- VSETATTR (v, att_invisible|att_noassign);
- return v;
-}
-
-static void
-initialize_dynamic_variables ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = init_seconds_var ();
-
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("BASH_COMMAND", (char *)NULL, get_bash_command, (sh_var_assign_func_t *)NULL);
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("BASH_SUBSHELL", (char *)NULL, get_subshell, assign_subshell);
-
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("RANDOM", (char *)NULL, get_random, assign_random);
- VSETATTR (v, att_integer);
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("LINENO", (char *)NULL, get_lineno, assign_lineno);
- VSETATTR (v, att_integer);
-
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("BASHPID", (char *)NULL, get_bashpid, null_assign);
- VSETATTR (v, att_integer|att_readonly);
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("HISTCMD", (char *)NULL, get_histcmd, (sh_var_assign_func_t *)NULL);
- VSETATTR (v, att_integer);
-#endif
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- INIT_DYNAMIC_VAR ("COMP_WORDBREAKS", (char *)NULL, get_comp_wordbreaks, assign_comp_wordbreaks);
-#endif
-
-#if defined (PUSHD_AND_POPD) && defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- v = init_dynamic_array_var ("DIRSTACK", get_dirstack, assign_dirstack, 0);
-#endif /* PUSHD_AND_POPD && ARRAY_VARS */
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- v = init_dynamic_array_var ("GROUPS", get_groupset, null_array_assign, att_noassign);
-
-# if defined (DEBUGGER)
- v = init_dynamic_array_var ("BASH_ARGC", get_self, null_array_assign, att_noassign|att_nounset);
- v = init_dynamic_array_var ("BASH_ARGV", get_self, null_array_assign, att_noassign|att_nounset);
-# endif /* DEBUGGER */
- v = init_dynamic_array_var ("BASH_SOURCE", get_self, null_array_assign, att_noassign|att_nounset);
- v = init_dynamic_array_var ("BASH_LINENO", get_self, null_array_assign, att_noassign|att_nounset);
-
- v = init_dynamic_assoc_var ("BASH_CMDS", get_hashcmd, assign_hashcmd, att_nofree);
-# if defined (ALIAS)
- v = init_dynamic_assoc_var ("BASH_ALIASES", get_aliasvar, assign_aliasvar, att_nofree);
-# endif
-#endif
-
- v = init_funcname_var ();
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Retrieving variables and values */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* How to get a pointer to the shell variable or function named NAME.
- HASHED_VARS is a pointer to the hash table containing the list
- of interest (either variables or functions). */
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-hash_lookup (name, hashed_vars)
- const char *name;
- HASH_TABLE *hashed_vars;
-{
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *bucket;
-
- bucket = hash_search (name, hashed_vars, 0);
- /* If we find the name in HASHED_VARS, set LAST_TABLE_SEARCHED to that
- table. */
- if (bucket)
- last_table_searched = hashed_vars;
- return (bucket ? (SHELL_VAR *)bucket->data : (SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-var_lookup (name, vcontext)
- const char *name;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vcontext;
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
- for (vc = vcontext; vc; vc = vc->down)
- if (v = hash_lookup (name, vc->table))
- break;
-
- return v;
-}
-
-/* Look up the variable entry named NAME. If SEARCH_TEMPENV is non-zero,
- then also search the temporarily built list of exported variables.
- The lookup order is:
- temporary_env
- shell_variables list
-*/
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_internal (name, force_tempenv)
- const char *name;
- int force_tempenv;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- int search_tempenv;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-
- var = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-
- /* If explicitly requested, first look in the temporary environment for
- the variable. This allows constructs such as "foo=x eval 'echo $foo'"
- to get the `exported' value of $foo. This happens if we are executing
- a function or builtin, or if we are looking up a variable in a
- "subshell environment". */
- search_tempenv = force_tempenv || (expanding_redir == 0 && subshell_environment);
-
- if (search_tempenv && temporary_env)
- var = hash_lookup (name, temporary_env);
-
- vc = shell_variables;
-#if 0
-if (search_tempenv == 0 && /* (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && */
- expanding_redir &&
- (this_shell_builtin == eval_builtin || this_shell_builtin == command_builtin))
- {
- itrace("find_variable_internal: search_tempenv == 0: skipping VC_BLTNENV");
- while (vc && (vc->flags & VC_BLTNENV))
- vc = vc->down;
- if (vc == 0)
- vc = shell_variables;
- }
-#endif
-
- if (var == 0)
- var = var_lookup (name, vc);
-
- if (var == 0)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
-
- return (var->dynamic_value ? (*(var->dynamic_value)) (var) : var);
-}
-
-/* Look up and resolve the chain of nameref variables starting at V all the
- way to NULL or non-nameref. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_nameref (v)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-{
- int level;
- char *newname;
- SHELL_VAR *orig, *oldv;
-
- level = 0;
- orig = v;
- while (v && nameref_p (v))
- {
- level++;
- if (level > NAMEREF_MAX)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)0); /* error message here? */
- newname = nameref_cell (v);
- if (newname == 0 || *newname == '\0')
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)0);
- oldv = v;
- v = find_variable_internal (newname, (expanding_redir == 0 && (assigning_in_environment || executing_builtin)));
- if (v == orig || v == oldv)
- {
- internal_warning (_("%s: circular name reference"), orig->name);
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)0);
- }
- }
- return v;
-}
-
-/* Resolve the chain of nameref variables for NAME. XXX - could change later */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_last_nameref (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v, *nv;
- char *newname;
- int level;
-
- nv = v = find_variable_noref (name);
- level = 0;
- while (v && nameref_p (v))
- {
- level++;
- if (level > NAMEREF_MAX)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)0); /* error message here? */
- newname = nameref_cell (v);
- if (newname == 0 || *newname == '\0')
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)0);
- nv = v;
- v = find_variable_internal (newname, (expanding_redir == 0 && (assigning_in_environment || executing_builtin)));
- }
- return nv;
-}
-
-/* Resolve the chain of nameref variables for NAME. XXX - could change later */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_global_variable_last_nameref (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v, *nv;
- char *newname;
- int level;
-
- nv = v = find_global_variable_noref (name);
- level = 0;
- while (v && nameref_p (v))
- {
- level++;
- if (level > NAMEREF_MAX)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)0); /* error message here? */
- newname = nameref_cell (v);
- if (newname == 0 || *newname == '\0')
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)0);
- nv = v;
- v = find_global_variable_noref (newname);
- }
- return nv;
-}
-
-static SHELL_VAR *
-find_nameref_at_context (v, vc)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *nv, *nv2;
- VAR_CONTEXT *nvc;
- char *newname;
- int level;
-
- nv = v;
- level = 1;
- while (nv && nameref_p (nv))
- {
- level++;
- if (level > NAMEREF_MAX)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
- newname = nameref_cell (nv);
- if (newname == 0 || *newname == '\0')
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
- nv2 = hash_lookup (newname, vc->table);
- if (nv2 == 0)
- break;
- nv = nv2;
- }
- return nv;
-}
-
-/* Do nameref resolution from the VC, which is the local context for some
- function or builtin, `up' the chain to the global variables context. If
- NVCP is not NULL, return the variable context where we finally ended the
- nameref resolution (so the bind_variable_internal can use the correct
- variable context and hash table). */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_nameref_context (v, vc, nvcp)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
- VAR_CONTEXT **nvcp;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *nv, *nv2;
- VAR_CONTEXT *nvc;
-
- /* Look starting at the current context all the way `up' */
- for (nv = v, nvc = vc; nvc; nvc = nvc->down)
- {
- nv2 = find_nameref_at_context (nv, nvc);
- if (nv2 == 0)
- continue;
- nv = nv2;
- if (*nvcp)
- *nvcp = nvc;
- }
- return (nameref_p (nv) ? (SHELL_VAR *)NULL : nv);
-}
-
-/* Do nameref resolution from the VC, which is the local context for some
- function or builtin, `up' the chain to the global variables context. If
- NVCP is not NULL, return the variable context where we finally ended the
- nameref resolution (so the bind_variable_internal can use the correct
- variable context and hash table). */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_last_nameref_context (v, vc, nvcp)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
- VAR_CONTEXT **nvcp;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *nv, *nv2;
- VAR_CONTEXT *nvc;
-
- /* Look starting at the current context all the way `up' */
- for (nv = v, nvc = vc; nvc; nvc = nvc->down)
- {
- nv2 = find_nameref_at_context (nv, nvc);
- if (nv2 == 0)
- continue;
- nv = nv2;
- if (*nvcp)
- *nvcp = nvc;
- }
- return (nameref_p (nv) ? nv : (SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
-}
-
-/* Find a variable, forcing a search of the temporary environment first */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_tempenv (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = find_variable_internal (name, 1);
- if (var && nameref_p (var))
- var = find_variable_nameref (var);
- return (var);
-}
-
-/* Find a variable, not forcing a search of the temporary environment first */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_notempenv (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = find_variable_internal (name, 0);
- if (var && nameref_p (var))
- var = find_variable_nameref (var);
- return (var);
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_global_variable (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = var_lookup (name, global_variables);
- if (var && nameref_p (var))
- var = find_variable_nameref (var);
-
- if (var == 0)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
-
- return (var->dynamic_value ? (*(var->dynamic_value)) (var) : var);
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_global_variable_noref (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = var_lookup (name, global_variables);
-
- if (var == 0)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
-
- return (var->dynamic_value ? (*(var->dynamic_value)) (var) : var);
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_shell_variable (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = var_lookup (name, shell_variables);
- if (var && nameref_p (var))
- var = find_variable_nameref (var);
-
- if (var == 0)
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
-
- return (var->dynamic_value ? (*(var->dynamic_value)) (var) : var);
-}
-
-/* Look up the variable entry named NAME. Returns the entry or NULL. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- last_table_searched = 0;
- v = find_variable_internal (name, (expanding_redir == 0 && (assigning_in_environment || executing_builtin)));
- if (v && nameref_p (v))
- v = find_variable_nameref (v);
- return v;
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_variable_noref (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable_internal (name, (expanding_redir == 0 && (assigning_in_environment || executing_builtin)));
- return v;
-}
-
-/* Look up the function entry whose name matches STRING.
- Returns the entry or NULL. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_function (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- return (hash_lookup (name, shell_functions));
-}
-
-/* Find the function definition for the shell function named NAME. Returns
- the entry or NULL. */
-FUNCTION_DEF *
-find_function_def (name)
- const char *name;
-{
-#if defined (DEBUGGER)
- return ((FUNCTION_DEF *)hash_lookup (name, shell_function_defs));
-#else
- return ((FUNCTION_DEF *)0);
-#endif
-}
-
-/* Return the value of VAR. VAR is assumed to have been the result of a
- lookup without any subscript, if arrays are compiled into the shell. */
-char *
-get_variable_value (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- if (var == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (array_p (var))
- return (array_reference (array_cell (var), 0));
- else if (assoc_p (var))
- return (assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0"));
-#endif
- else
- return (value_cell (var));
-}
-
-/* Return the string value of a variable. Return NULL if the variable
- doesn't exist. Don't cons a new string. This is a potential memory
- leak if the variable is found in the temporary environment. Since
- functions and variables have separate name spaces, returns NULL if
- var_name is a shell function only. */
-char *
-get_string_value (var_name)
- const char *var_name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = find_variable (var_name);
- return ((var) ? get_variable_value (var) : (char *)NULL);
-}
-
-/* This is present for use by the tilde and readline libraries. */
-char *
-sh_get_env_value (v)
- const char *v;
-{
- return get_string_value (v);
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Creating and setting variables */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Set NAME to VALUE if NAME has no value. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-set_if_not (name, value)
- char *name, *value;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- if (shell_variables == 0)
- create_variable_tables ();
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v == 0)
- v = bind_variable_internal (name, value, global_variables->table, HASH_NOSRCH, 0);
- return (v);
-}
-
-/* Create a local variable referenced by NAME. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-make_local_variable (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *new_var, *old_var;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
- int was_tmpvar;
- char *tmp_value;
-
- /* local foo; local foo; is a no-op. */
- old_var = find_variable (name);
- if (old_var && local_p (old_var) && old_var->context == variable_context)
- {
- VUNSETATTR (old_var, att_invisible);
- return (old_var);
- }
-
- was_tmpvar = old_var && tempvar_p (old_var);
- /* If we're making a local variable in a shell function, the temporary env
- has already been merged into the function's variable context stack. We
- can assume that a temporary var in the same context appears in the same
- VAR_CONTEXT and can safely be returned without creating a new variable
- (which results in duplicate names in the same VAR_CONTEXT->table */
- /* We can't just test tmpvar_p because variables in the temporary env given
- to a shell function appear in the function's local variable VAR_CONTEXT
- but retain their tempvar attribute. We want temporary variables that are
- found in temporary_env, hence the test for last_table_searched, which is
- set in hash_lookup and only (so far) checked here. */
- if (was_tmpvar && old_var->context == variable_context && last_table_searched != temporary_env)
- {
- VUNSETATTR (old_var, att_invisible);
- return (old_var);
- }
- if (was_tmpvar)
- tmp_value = value_cell (old_var);
-
- for (vc = shell_variables; vc; vc = vc->down)
- if (vc_isfuncenv (vc) && vc->scope == variable_context)
- break;
-
- if (vc == 0)
- {
- internal_error (_("make_local_variable: no function context at current scope"));
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
- }
- else if (vc->table == 0)
- vc->table = hash_create (TEMPENV_HASH_BUCKETS);
-
- /* Since this is called only from the local/declare/typeset code, we can
- call builtin_error here without worry (of course, it will also work
- for anything that sets this_command_name). Variables with the `noassign'
- attribute may not be made local. The test against old_var's context
- level is to disallow local copies of readonly global variables (since I
- believe that this could be a security hole). Readonly copies of calling
- function local variables are OK. */
- if (old_var && (noassign_p (old_var) ||
- (readonly_p (old_var) && old_var->context == 0)))
- {
- if (readonly_p (old_var))
- sh_readonly (name);
- else if (noassign_p (old_var))
- builtin_error (_("%s: variable may not be assigned value"), name);
-#if 0
- /* Let noassign variables through with a warning */
- if (readonly_p (old_var))
-#endif
- return ((SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
- }
-
- if (old_var == 0)
- new_var = make_new_variable (name, vc->table);
- else
- {
- new_var = make_new_variable (name, vc->table);
-
- /* If we found this variable in one of the temporary environments,
- inherit its value. Watch to see if this causes problems with
- things like `x=4 local x'. XXX - see above for temporary env
- variables with the same context level as variable_context */
- /* XXX - we should only do this if the variable is not an array. */
- if (was_tmpvar)
- var_setvalue (new_var, savestring (tmp_value));
-
- new_var->attributes = exported_p (old_var) ? att_exported : 0;
- }
-
- vc->flags |= VC_HASLOCAL;
-
- new_var->context = variable_context;
- VSETATTR (new_var, att_local);
-
- if (ifsname (name))
- setifs (new_var);
-
- return (new_var);
-}
-
-/* Create a new shell variable with name NAME. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-new_shell_variable (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-
- entry = (SHELL_VAR *)xmalloc (sizeof (SHELL_VAR));
-
- entry->name = savestring (name);
- var_setvalue (entry, (char *)NULL);
- CLEAR_EXPORTSTR (entry);
-
- entry->dynamic_value = (sh_var_value_func_t *)NULL;
- entry->assign_func = (sh_var_assign_func_t *)NULL;
-
- entry->attributes = 0;
-
- /* Always assume variables are to be made at toplevel!
- make_local_variable has the responsibilty of changing the
- variable context. */
- entry->context = 0;
-
- return (entry);
-}
-
-/* Create a new shell variable with name NAME and add it to the hash table
- TABLE. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-make_new_variable (name, table)
- const char *name;
- HASH_TABLE *table;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt;
-
- entry = new_shell_variable (name);
-
- /* Make sure we have a shell_variables hash table to add to. */
- if (shell_variables == 0)
- create_variable_tables ();
-
- elt = hash_insert (savestring (name), table, HASH_NOSRCH);
- elt->data = (PTR_T)entry;
-
- return entry;
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-SHELL_VAR *
-make_new_array_variable (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
- ARRAY *array;
-
- entry = make_new_variable (name, global_variables->table);
- array = array_create ();
-
- var_setarray (entry, array);
- VSETATTR (entry, att_array);
- return entry;
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-make_local_array_variable (name, assoc_ok)
- char *name;
- int assoc_ok;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- ARRAY *array;
-
- var = make_local_variable (name);
- if (var == 0 || array_p (var) || (assoc_ok && assoc_p (var)))
- return var;
-
- array = array_create ();
-
- dispose_variable_value (var);
- var_setarray (var, array);
- VSETATTR (var, att_array);
- return var;
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-make_new_assoc_variable (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
- HASH_TABLE *hash;
-
- entry = make_new_variable (name, global_variables->table);
- hash = assoc_create (0);
-
- var_setassoc (entry, hash);
- VSETATTR (entry, att_assoc);
- return entry;
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-make_local_assoc_variable (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- HASH_TABLE *hash;
-
- var = make_local_variable (name);
- if (var == 0 || assoc_p (var))
- return var;
-
- dispose_variable_value (var);
- hash = assoc_create (0);
-
- var_setassoc (var, hash);
- VSETATTR (var, att_assoc);
- return var;
-}
-#endif
-
-char *
-make_variable_value (var, value, flags)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- char *value;
- int flags;
-{
- char *retval, *oval;
- intmax_t lval, rval;
- int expok, olen, op;
-
- /* If this variable has had its type set to integer (via `declare -i'),
- then do expression evaluation on it and store the result. The
- functions in expr.c (evalexp()) and bind_int_variable() are responsible
- for turning off the integer flag if they don't want further
- evaluation done. */
- if (integer_p (var))
- {
- if (flags & ASS_APPEND)
- {
- oval = value_cell (var);
- lval = evalexp (oval, &expok); /* ksh93 seems to do this */
- if (expok == 0)
- {
- top_level_cleanup ();
- jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- }
- rval = evalexp (value, &expok);
- if (expok == 0)
- {
- top_level_cleanup ();
- jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
- }
- if (flags & ASS_APPEND)
- rval += lval;
- retval = itos (rval);
- }
-#if defined (CASEMOD_ATTRS)
- else if (capcase_p (var) || uppercase_p (var) || lowercase_p (var))
- {
- if (flags & ASS_APPEND)
- {
- oval = get_variable_value (var);
- if (oval == 0) /* paranoia */
- oval = "";
- olen = STRLEN (oval);
- retval = (char *)xmalloc (olen + (value ? STRLEN (value) : 0) + 1);
- strcpy (retval, oval);
- if (value)
- strcpy (retval+olen, value);
- }
- else if (*value)
- retval = savestring (value);
- else
- {
- retval = (char *)xmalloc (1);
- retval[0] = '\0';
- }
- op = capcase_p (var) ? CASE_CAPITALIZE
- : (uppercase_p (var) ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_LOWER);
- oval = sh_modcase (retval, (char *)0, op);
- free (retval);
- retval = oval;
- }
-#endif /* CASEMOD_ATTRS */
- else if (value)
- {
- if (flags & ASS_APPEND)
- {
- oval = get_variable_value (var);
- if (oval == 0) /* paranoia */
- oval = "";
- olen = STRLEN (oval);
- retval = (char *)xmalloc (olen + (value ? STRLEN (value) : 0) + 1);
- strcpy (retval, oval);
- if (value)
- strcpy (retval+olen, value);
- }
- else if (*value)
- retval = savestring (value);
- else
- {
- retval = (char *)xmalloc (1);
- retval[0] = '\0';
- }
- }
- else
- retval = (char *)NULL;
-
- return retval;
-}
-
-/* Bind a variable NAME to VALUE in the HASH_TABLE TABLE, which may be the
- temporary environment (but usually is not). */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-bind_variable_internal (name, value, table, hflags, aflags)
- const char *name;
- char *value;
- HASH_TABLE *table;
- int hflags, aflags;
-{
- char *newval;
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-
- entry = (hflags & HASH_NOSRCH) ? (SHELL_VAR *)NULL : hash_lookup (name, table);
- /* Follow the nameref chain here if this is the global variables table */
- if (entry && nameref_p (entry) && (invisible_p (entry) == 0) && table == global_variables->table)
- {
- entry = find_global_variable (entry->name);
- /* Let's see if we have a nameref referencing a variable that hasn't yet
- been created. */
- if (entry == 0)
- entry = find_variable_last_nameref (name); /* XXX */
- if (entry == 0) /* just in case */
- return (entry);
- }
-
- /* The first clause handles `declare -n ref; ref=x;' */
- if (entry && invisible_p (entry) && nameref_p (entry))
- goto assign_value;
- else if (entry && nameref_p (entry))
- {
- newval = nameref_cell (entry);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* declare -n foo=x[2] */
- if (valid_array_reference (newval))
- /* XXX - should it be aflags? */
- entry = assign_array_element (newval, make_variable_value (entry, value, 0), aflags);
- else
-#endif
- {
- entry = make_new_variable (newval, table);
- var_setvalue (entry, make_variable_value (entry, value, 0));
- }
- }
- else if (entry == 0)
- {
- entry = make_new_variable (name, table);
- var_setvalue (entry, make_variable_value (entry, value, 0)); /* XXX */
- }
- else if (entry->assign_func) /* array vars have assign functions now */
- {
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (entry);
- newval = (aflags & ASS_APPEND) ? make_variable_value (entry, value, aflags) : value;
- if (assoc_p (entry))
- entry = (*(entry->assign_func)) (entry, newval, -1, savestring ("0"));
- else if (array_p (entry))
- entry = (*(entry->assign_func)) (entry, newval, 0, 0);
- else
- entry = (*(entry->assign_func)) (entry, newval, -1, 0);
- if (newval != value)
- free (newval);
- return (entry);
- }
- else
- {
-assign_value:
- if (readonly_p (entry) || noassign_p (entry))
- {
- if (readonly_p (entry))
- err_readonly (name);
- return (entry);
- }
-
- /* Variables which are bound are visible. */
- VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (assoc_p (entry) || array_p (entry))
- newval = make_array_variable_value (entry, 0, "0", value, aflags);
- else
-#endif
-
- newval = make_variable_value (entry, value, aflags); /* XXX */
-
- /* Invalidate any cached export string */
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (entry);
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- /* XXX -- this bears looking at again -- XXX */
- /* If an existing array variable x is being assigned to with x=b or
- `read x' or something of that nature, silently convert it to
- x[0]=b or `read x[0]'. */
- if (assoc_p (entry))
- {
- assoc_insert (assoc_cell (entry), savestring ("0"), newval);
- free (newval);
- }
- else if (array_p (entry))
- {
- array_insert (array_cell (entry), 0, newval);
- free (newval);
- }
- else
-#endif
- {
- FREE (value_cell (entry));
- var_setvalue (entry, newval);
- }
- }
-
- if (mark_modified_vars)
- VSETATTR (entry, att_exported);
-
- if (exported_p (entry))
- array_needs_making = 1;
-
- return (entry);
-}
-
-/* Bind a variable NAME to VALUE. This conses up the name
- and value strings. If we have a temporary environment, we bind there
- first, then we bind into shell_variables. */
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-bind_variable (name, value, flags)
- const char *name;
- char *value;
- int flags;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v, *nv;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc, *nvc;
- int level;
-
- if (shell_variables == 0)
- create_variable_tables ();
-
- /* If we have a temporary environment, look there first for the variable,
- and, if found, modify the value there before modifying it in the
- shell_variables table. This allows sourced scripts to modify values
- given to them in a temporary environment while modifying the variable
- value that the caller sees. */
- if (temporary_env)
- bind_tempenv_variable (name, value);
-
- /* XXX -- handle local variables here. */
- for (vc = shell_variables; vc; vc = vc->down)
- {
- if (vc_isfuncenv (vc) || vc_isbltnenv (vc))
- {
- v = hash_lookup (name, vc->table);
- nvc = vc;
- if (v && nameref_p (v))
- {
- nv = find_variable_nameref_context (v, vc, &nvc);
- if (nv == 0)
- {
- nv = find_variable_last_nameref_context (v, vc, &nvc);
- if (nv && nameref_p (nv))
- return (bind_variable_internal (nameref_cell (nv), value, nvc->table, 0, flags));
- else
- v = nv;
- }
- else
- v = nv;
- }
- if (v)
- return (bind_variable_internal (v->name, value, nvc->table, 0, flags));
- }
- }
- /* bind_variable_internal will handle nameref resolution in this case */
- return (bind_variable_internal (name, value, global_variables->table, 0, flags));
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-bind_global_variable (name, value, flags)
- const char *name;
- char *value;
- int flags;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v, *nv;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc, *nvc;
- int level;
-
- if (shell_variables == 0)
- create_variable_tables ();
-
- /* bind_variable_internal will handle nameref resolution in this case */
- return (bind_variable_internal (name, value, global_variables->table, 0, flags));
-}
-
-/* Make VAR, a simple shell variable, have value VALUE. Once assigned a
- value, variables are no longer invisible. This is a duplicate of part
- of the internals of bind_variable. If the variable is exported, or
- all modified variables should be exported, mark the variable for export
- and note that the export environment needs to be recreated. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-bind_variable_value (var, value, aflags)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- char *value;
- int aflags;
-{
- char *t;
-
- VUNSETATTR (var, att_invisible);
-
- if (var->assign_func)
- {
- /* If we're appending, we need the old value, so use
- make_variable_value */
- t = (aflags & ASS_APPEND) ? make_variable_value (var, value, aflags) : value;
- (*(var->assign_func)) (var, t, -1, 0);
- if (t != value && t)
- free (t);
- }
- else
- {
- t = make_variable_value (var, value, aflags);
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- var_setvalue (var, t);
- }
-
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (var);
-
- if (mark_modified_vars)
- VSETATTR (var, att_exported);
-
- if (exported_p (var))
- array_needs_making = 1;
-
- return (var);
-}
-
-/* Bind/create a shell variable with the name LHS to the RHS.
- This creates or modifies a variable such that it is an integer.
-
- This used to be in expr.c, but it is here so that all of the
- variable binding stuff is localized. Since we don't want any
- recursive evaluation from bind_variable() (possible without this code,
- since bind_variable() calls the evaluator for variables with the integer
- attribute set), we temporarily turn off the integer attribute for each
- variable we set here, then turn it back on after binding as necessary. */
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-bind_int_variable (lhs, rhs)
- char *lhs, *rhs;
-{
- register SHELL_VAR *v;
- int isint, isarr, implicitarray;
-
- isint = isarr = implicitarray = 0;
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (valid_array_reference (lhs))
- {
- isarr = 1;
- v = array_variable_part (lhs, (char **)0, (int *)0);
- }
- else
-#endif
- v = find_variable (lhs);
-
- if (v)
- {
- isint = integer_p (v);
- VUNSETATTR (v, att_integer);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (array_p (v) && isarr == 0)
- implicitarray = 1;
-#endif
- }
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (isarr)
- v = assign_array_element (lhs, rhs, 0);
- else if (implicitarray)
- v = bind_array_variable (lhs, 0, rhs, 0);
- else
-#endif
- v = bind_variable (lhs, rhs, 0);
-
- if (v && isint)
- VSETATTR (v, att_integer);
-
- VUNSETATTR (v, att_invisible);
-
- return (v);
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR *
-bind_var_to_int (var, val)
- char *var;
- intmax_t val;
-{
- char ibuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (intmax_t) + 1], *p;
-
- p = fmtulong (val, 10, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf), 0);
- return (bind_int_variable (var, p));
-}
-
-/* Do a function binding to a variable. You pass the name and
- the command to bind to. This conses the name and command. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-bind_function (name, value)
- const char *name;
- COMMAND *value;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-
- entry = find_function (name);
- if (entry == 0)
- {
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt;
-
- elt = hash_insert (savestring (name), shell_functions, HASH_NOSRCH);
- entry = new_shell_variable (name);
- elt->data = (PTR_T)entry;
- }
- else
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (entry);
-
- if (var_isset (entry))
- dispose_command (function_cell (entry));
-
- if (value)
- var_setfunc (entry, copy_command (value));
- else
- var_setfunc (entry, 0);
-
- VSETATTR (entry, att_function);
-
- if (mark_modified_vars)
- VSETATTR (entry, att_exported);
-
- VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible); /* Just to be sure */
-
- if (exported_p (entry))
- array_needs_making = 1;
-
-#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
- set_itemlist_dirty (&it_functions);
-#endif
-
- return (entry);
-}
-
-#if defined (DEBUGGER)
-/* Bind a function definition, which includes source file and line number
- information in addition to the command, into the FUNCTION_DEF hash table.*/
-void
-bind_function_def (name, value)
- const char *name;
- FUNCTION_DEF *value;
-{
- FUNCTION_DEF *entry;
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt;
- COMMAND *cmd;
-
- entry = find_function_def (name);
- if (entry)
- {
- dispose_function_def_contents (entry);
- entry = copy_function_def_contents (value, entry);
- }
- else
- {
- cmd = value->command;
- value->command = 0;
- entry = copy_function_def (value);
- value->command = cmd;
-
- elt = hash_insert (savestring (name), shell_function_defs, HASH_NOSRCH);
- elt->data = (PTR_T *)entry;
- }
-}
-#endif /* DEBUGGER */
-
-/* Add STRING, which is of the form foo=bar, to the temporary environment
- HASH_TABLE (temporary_env). The functions in execute_cmd.c are
- responsible for moving the main temporary env to one of the other
- temporary environments. The expansion code in subst.c calls this. */
-int
-assign_in_env (word, flags)
- WORD_DESC *word;
- int flags;
-{
- int offset, aflags;
- char *name, *temp, *value;
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- const char *string;
-
- string = word->word;
-
- aflags = 0;
- offset = assignment (string, 0);
- name = savestring (string);
- value = (char *)NULL;
-
- if (name[offset] == '=')
- {
- name[offset] = 0;
-
- /* ignore the `+' when assigning temporary environment */
- if (name[offset - 1] == '+')
- {
- name[offset - 1] = '\0';
- aflags |= ASS_APPEND;
- }
-
- var = find_variable (name);
- if (var && (readonly_p (var) || noassign_p (var)))
- {
- if (readonly_p (var))
- err_readonly (name);
- free (name);
- return (0);
- }
-
- temp = name + offset + 1;
- value = expand_assignment_string_to_string (temp, 0);
- }
-
- if (temporary_env == 0)
- temporary_env = hash_create (TEMPENV_HASH_BUCKETS);
-
- var = hash_lookup (name, temporary_env);
- if (var == 0)
- var = make_new_variable (name, temporary_env);
- else
- FREE (value_cell (var));
-
- if (value == 0)
- {
- value = (char *)xmalloc (1); /* like do_assignment_internal */
- value[0] = '\0';
- }
-
- var_setvalue (var, value);
- var->attributes |= (att_exported|att_tempvar);
- var->context = variable_context; /* XXX */
-
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (var);
- var->exportstr = mk_env_string (name, value);
-
- array_needs_making = 1;
-
- if (flags)
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
-
- if (echo_command_at_execute)
- /* The Korn shell prints the `+ ' in front of assignment statements,
- so we do too. */
- xtrace_print_assignment (name, value, 0, 1);
-
- free (name);
- return 1;
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Copying variables */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
-/* Copy VAR to a new data structure and return that structure. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-copy_variable (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *copy = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-
- if (var)
- {
- copy = (SHELL_VAR *)xmalloc (sizeof (SHELL_VAR));
-
- copy->attributes = var->attributes;
- copy->name = savestring (var->name);
-
- if (function_p (var))
- var_setfunc (copy, copy_command (function_cell (var)));
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (array_p (var))
- var_setarray (copy, array_copy (array_cell (var)));
- else if (assoc_p (var))
- var_setassoc (copy, assoc_copy (assoc_cell (var)));
-#endif
- else if (nameref_cell (var)) /* XXX - nameref */
- var_setref (copy, savestring (nameref_cell (var)));
- else if (value_cell (var)) /* XXX - nameref */
- var_setvalue (copy, savestring (value_cell (var)));
- else
- var_setvalue (copy, (char *)NULL);
-
- copy->dynamic_value = var->dynamic_value;
- copy->assign_func = var->assign_func;
-
- copy->exportstr = COPY_EXPORTSTR (var);
-
- copy->context = var->context;
- }
- return (copy);
-}
-#endif
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Deleting and unsetting variables */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Dispose of the information attached to VAR. */
-static void
-dispose_variable_value (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- if (function_p (var))
- dispose_command (function_cell (var));
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (array_p (var))
- array_dispose (array_cell (var));
- else if (assoc_p (var))
- assoc_dispose (assoc_cell (var));
-#endif
- else if (nameref_p (var))
- FREE (nameref_cell (var));
- else
- FREE (value_cell (var));
-}
-
-void
-dispose_variable (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- if (var == 0)
- return;
-
- if (nofree_p (var) == 0)
- dispose_variable_value (var);
-
- FREE_EXPORTSTR (var);
-
- free (var->name);
-
- if (exported_p (var))
- array_needs_making = 1;
-
- free (var);
-}
-
-/* Unset the shell variable referenced by NAME. Unsetting a nameref variable
- unsets the variable it resolves to but leaves the nameref alone. */
-int
-unbind_variable (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v, *nv;
- int r;
-
- v = var_lookup (name, shell_variables);
- nv = (v && nameref_p (v)) ? find_variable_nameref (v) : (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-
- r = nv ? makunbound (nv->name, shell_variables) : makunbound (name, shell_variables);
- return r;
-}
-
-/* Unbind NAME, where NAME is assumed to be a nameref variable */
-int
-unbind_nameref (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = var_lookup (name, shell_variables);
- if (v && nameref_p (v))
- return makunbound (name, shell_variables);
- return 0;
-}
-
-/* Unset the shell function named NAME. */
-int
-unbind_func (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt;
- SHELL_VAR *func;
-
- elt = hash_remove (name, shell_functions, 0);
-
- if (elt == 0)
- return -1;
-
-#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
- set_itemlist_dirty (&it_functions);
-#endif
-
- func = (SHELL_VAR *)elt->data;
- if (func)
- {
- if (exported_p (func))
- array_needs_making++;
- dispose_variable (func);
- }
-
- free (elt->key);
- free (elt);
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-#if defined (DEBUGGER)
-int
-unbind_function_def (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt;
- FUNCTION_DEF *funcdef;
-
- elt = hash_remove (name, shell_function_defs, 0);
-
- if (elt == 0)
- return -1;
-
- funcdef = (FUNCTION_DEF *)elt->data;
- if (funcdef)
- dispose_function_def (funcdef);
-
- free (elt->key);
- free (elt);
-
- return 0;
-}
-#endif /* DEBUGGER */
-
-/* Make the variable associated with NAME go away. HASH_LIST is the
- hash table from which this variable should be deleted (either
- shell_variables or shell_functions).
- Returns non-zero if the variable couldn't be found. */
-int
-makunbound (name, vc)
- const char *name;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-{
- BUCKET_CONTENTS *elt, *new_elt;
- SHELL_VAR *old_var;
- VAR_CONTEXT *v;
- char *t;
-
- for (elt = (BUCKET_CONTENTS *)NULL, v = vc; v; v = v->down)
- if (elt = hash_remove (name, v->table, 0))
- break;
-
- if (elt == 0)
- return (-1);
-
- old_var = (SHELL_VAR *)elt->data;
-
- if (old_var && exported_p (old_var))
- array_needs_making++;
-
- /* If we're unsetting a local variable and we're still executing inside
- the function, just mark the variable as invisible. The function
- eventually called by pop_var_context() will clean it up later. This
- must be done so that if the variable is subsequently assigned a new
- value inside the function, the `local' attribute is still present.
- We also need to add it back into the correct hash table. */
- if (old_var && local_p (old_var) && variable_context == old_var->context)
- {
- if (nofree_p (old_var))
- var_setvalue (old_var, (char *)NULL);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (array_p (old_var))
- array_dispose (array_cell (old_var));
- else if (assoc_p (old_var))
- assoc_dispose (assoc_cell (old_var));
-#endif
- else if (nameref_p (old_var))
- FREE (nameref_cell (old_var));
- else
- FREE (value_cell (old_var));
- /* Reset the attributes. Preserve the export attribute if the variable
- came from a temporary environment. Make sure it stays local, and
- make it invisible. */
- old_var->attributes = (exported_p (old_var) && tempvar_p (old_var)) ? att_exported : 0;
- VSETATTR (old_var, att_local);
- VSETATTR (old_var, att_invisible);
- var_setvalue (old_var, (char *)NULL);
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (old_var);
-
- new_elt = hash_insert (savestring (old_var->name), v->table, 0);
- new_elt->data = (PTR_T)old_var;
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (old_var->name);
-
- free (elt->key);
- free (elt);
- return (0);
- }
-
- /* Have to save a copy of name here, because it might refer to
- old_var->name. If so, stupidly_hack_special_variables will
- reference freed memory. */
- t = savestring (name);
-
- free (elt->key);
- free (elt);
-
- dispose_variable (old_var);
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (t);
- free (t);
-
- return (0);
-}
-
-/* Get rid of all of the variables in the current context. */
-void
-kill_all_local_variables ()
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-
- for (vc = shell_variables; vc; vc = vc->down)
- if (vc_isfuncenv (vc) && vc->scope == variable_context)
- break;
- if (vc == 0)
- return; /* XXX */
-
- if (vc->table && vc_haslocals (vc))
- {
- delete_all_variables (vc->table);
- hash_dispose (vc->table);
- }
- vc->table = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
-}
-
-static void
-free_variable_hash_data (data)
- PTR_T data;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = (SHELL_VAR *)data;
- dispose_variable (var);
-}
-
-/* Delete the entire contents of the hash table. */
-void
-delete_all_variables (hashed_vars)
- HASH_TABLE *hashed_vars;
-{
- hash_flush (hashed_vars, free_variable_hash_data);
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Setting variable attributes */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-#define FIND_OR_MAKE_VARIABLE(name, entry) \
- do \
- { \
- entry = find_variable (name); \
- if (!entry) \
- { \
- entry = bind_variable (name, "", 0); \
- if (!no_invisible_vars && entry) entry->attributes |= att_invisible; \
- } \
- } \
- while (0)
-
-/* Make the variable associated with NAME be readonly.
- If NAME does not exist yet, create it. */
-void
-set_var_read_only (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-
- FIND_OR_MAKE_VARIABLE (name, entry);
- VSETATTR (entry, att_readonly);
-}
-
-#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
-/* Make the function associated with NAME be readonly.
- If NAME does not exist, we just punt, like auto_export code below. */
-void
-set_func_read_only (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-
- entry = find_function (name);
- if (entry)
- VSETATTR (entry, att_readonly);
-}
-
-/* Make the variable associated with NAME be auto-exported.
- If NAME does not exist yet, create it. */
-void
-set_var_auto_export (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-
- FIND_OR_MAKE_VARIABLE (name, entry);
- set_auto_export (entry);
-}
-
-/* Make the function associated with NAME be auto-exported. */
-void
-set_func_auto_export (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *entry;
-
- entry = find_function (name);
- if (entry)
- set_auto_export (entry);
-}
-#endif
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Creating lists of variables */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-static VARLIST *
-vlist_alloc (nentries)
- int nentries;
-{
- VARLIST *vlist;
-
- vlist = (VARLIST *)xmalloc (sizeof (VARLIST));
- vlist->list = (SHELL_VAR **)xmalloc ((nentries + 1) * sizeof (SHELL_VAR *));
- vlist->list_size = nentries;
- vlist->list_len = 0;
- vlist->list[0] = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-
- return vlist;
-}
-
-static VARLIST *
-vlist_realloc (vlist, n)
- VARLIST *vlist;
- int n;
-{
- if (vlist == 0)
- return (vlist = vlist_alloc (n));
- if (n > vlist->list_size)
- {
- vlist->list_size = n;
- vlist->list = (SHELL_VAR **)xrealloc (vlist->list, (vlist->list_size + 1) * sizeof (SHELL_VAR *));
- }
- return vlist;
-}
-
-static void
-vlist_add (vlist, var, flags)
- VARLIST *vlist;
- SHELL_VAR *var;
- int flags;
-{
- register int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < vlist->list_len; i++)
- if (STREQ (var->name, vlist->list[i]->name))
- break;
- if (i < vlist->list_len)
- return;
-
- if (i >= vlist->list_size)
- vlist = vlist_realloc (vlist, vlist->list_size + 16);
-
- vlist->list[vlist->list_len++] = var;
- vlist->list[vlist->list_len] = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-}
-
-/* Map FUNCTION over the variables in VAR_HASH_TABLE. Return an array of the
- variables for which FUNCTION returns a non-zero value. A NULL value
- for FUNCTION means to use all variables. */
-SHELL_VAR **
-map_over (function, vc)
- sh_var_map_func_t *function;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *v;
- VARLIST *vlist;
- SHELL_VAR **ret;
- int nentries;
-
- for (nentries = 0, v = vc; v; v = v->down)
- nentries += HASH_ENTRIES (v->table);
-
- if (nentries == 0)
- return (SHELL_VAR **)NULL;
-
- vlist = vlist_alloc (nentries);
-
- for (v = vc; v; v = v->down)
- flatten (v->table, function, vlist, 0);
-
- ret = vlist->list;
- free (vlist);
- return ret;
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR **
-map_over_funcs (function)
- sh_var_map_func_t *function;
-{
- VARLIST *vlist;
- SHELL_VAR **ret;
-
- if (shell_functions == 0 || HASH_ENTRIES (shell_functions) == 0)
- return ((SHELL_VAR **)NULL);
-
- vlist = vlist_alloc (HASH_ENTRIES (shell_functions));
-
- flatten (shell_functions, function, vlist, 0);
-
- ret = vlist->list;
- free (vlist);
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Flatten VAR_HASH_TABLE, applying FUNC to each member and adding those
- elements for which FUNC succeeds to VLIST->list. FLAGS is reserved
- for future use. Only unique names are added to VLIST. If FUNC is
- NULL, each variable in VAR_HASH_TABLE is added to VLIST. If VLIST is
- NULL, FUNC is applied to each SHELL_VAR in VAR_HASH_TABLE. If VLIST
- and FUNC are both NULL, nothing happens. */
-static void
-flatten (var_hash_table, func, vlist, flags)
- HASH_TABLE *var_hash_table;
- sh_var_map_func_t *func;
- VARLIST *vlist;
- int flags;
-{
- register int i;
- register BUCKET_CONTENTS *tlist;
- int r;
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- if (var_hash_table == 0 || (HASH_ENTRIES (var_hash_table) == 0) || (vlist == 0 && func == 0))
- return;
-
- for (i = 0; i < var_hash_table->nbuckets; i++)
- {
- for (tlist = hash_items (i, var_hash_table); tlist; tlist = tlist->next)
- {
- var = (SHELL_VAR *)tlist->data;
-
- r = func ? (*func) (var) : 1;
- if (r && vlist)
- vlist_add (vlist, var, flags);
- }
- }
-}
-
-void
-sort_variables (array)
- SHELL_VAR **array;
-{
- qsort (array, strvec_len ((char **)array), sizeof (SHELL_VAR *), (QSFUNC *)qsort_var_comp);
-}
-
-static int
-qsort_var_comp (var1, var2)
- SHELL_VAR **var1, **var2;
-{
- int result;
-
- if ((result = (*var1)->name[0] - (*var2)->name[0]) == 0)
- result = strcmp ((*var1)->name, (*var2)->name);
-
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Apply FUNC to each variable in SHELL_VARIABLES, adding each one for
- which FUNC succeeds to an array of SHELL_VAR *s. Returns the array. */
-static SHELL_VAR **
-vapply (func)
- sh_var_map_func_t *func;
-{
- SHELL_VAR **list;
-
- list = map_over (func, shell_variables);
- if (list /* && posixly_correct */)
- sort_variables (list);
- return (list);
-}
-
-/* Apply FUNC to each variable in SHELL_FUNCTIONS, adding each one for
- which FUNC succeeds to an array of SHELL_VAR *s. Returns the array. */
-static SHELL_VAR **
-fapply (func)
- sh_var_map_func_t *func;
-{
- SHELL_VAR **list;
-
- list = map_over_funcs (func);
- if (list /* && posixly_correct */)
- sort_variables (list);
- return (list);
-}
-
-/* Create a NULL terminated array of all the shell variables. */
-SHELL_VAR **
-all_shell_variables ()
-{
- return (vapply ((sh_var_map_func_t *)NULL));
-}
-
-/* Create a NULL terminated array of all the shell functions. */
-SHELL_VAR **
-all_shell_functions ()
-{
- return (fapply ((sh_var_map_func_t *)NULL));
-}
-
-static int
-visible_var (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- return (invisible_p (var) == 0);
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR **
-all_visible_functions ()
-{
- return (fapply (visible_var));
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR **
-all_visible_variables ()
-{
- return (vapply (visible_var));
-}
-
-/* Return non-zero if the variable VAR is visible and exported. Array
- variables cannot be exported. */
-static int
-visible_and_exported (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- return (invisible_p (var) == 0 && exported_p (var));
-}
-
-/* Candidate variables for the export environment are either valid variables
- with the export attribute or invalid variables inherited from the initial
- environment and simply passed through. */
-static int
-export_environment_candidate (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- return (exported_p (var) && (invisible_p (var) == 0 || imported_p (var)));
-}
-
-/* Return non-zero if VAR is a local variable in the current context and
- is exported. */
-static int
-local_and_exported (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- return (invisible_p (var) == 0 && local_p (var) && var->context == variable_context && exported_p (var));
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR **
-all_exported_variables ()
-{
- return (vapply (visible_and_exported));
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR **
-local_exported_variables ()
-{
- return (vapply (local_and_exported));
-}
-
-static int
-variable_in_context (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- return (invisible_p (var) == 0 && local_p (var) && var->context == variable_context);
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR **
-all_local_variables ()
-{
- VARLIST *vlist;
- SHELL_VAR **ret;
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-
- vc = shell_variables;
- for (vc = shell_variables; vc; vc = vc->down)
- if (vc_isfuncenv (vc) && vc->scope == variable_context)
- break;
-
- if (vc == 0)
- {
- internal_error (_("all_local_variables: no function context at current scope"));
- return (SHELL_VAR **)NULL;
- }
- if (vc->table == 0 || HASH_ENTRIES (vc->table) == 0 || vc_haslocals (vc) == 0)
- return (SHELL_VAR **)NULL;
-
- vlist = vlist_alloc (HASH_ENTRIES (vc->table));
-
- flatten (vc->table, variable_in_context, vlist, 0);
-
- ret = vlist->list;
- free (vlist);
- if (ret)
- sort_variables (ret);
- return ret;
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-/* Return non-zero if the variable VAR is visible and an array. */
-static int
-visible_array_vars (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- return (invisible_p (var) == 0 && array_p (var));
-}
-
-SHELL_VAR **
-all_array_variables ()
-{
- return (vapply (visible_array_vars));
-}
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
-
-char **
-all_variables_matching_prefix (prefix)
- const char *prefix;
-{
- SHELL_VAR **varlist;
- char **rlist;
- int vind, rind, plen;
-
- plen = STRLEN (prefix);
- varlist = all_visible_variables ();
- for (vind = 0; varlist && varlist[vind]; vind++)
- ;
- if (varlist == 0 || vind == 0)
- return ((char **)NULL);
- rlist = strvec_create (vind + 1);
- for (vind = rind = 0; varlist[vind]; vind++)
- {
- if (plen == 0 || STREQN (prefix, varlist[vind]->name, plen))
- rlist[rind++] = savestring (varlist[vind]->name);
- }
- rlist[rind] = (char *)0;
- free (varlist);
-
- return rlist;
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Managing temporary variable scopes */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Make variable NAME have VALUE in the temporary environment. */
-static SHELL_VAR *
-bind_tempenv_variable (name, value)
- const char *name;
- char *value;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = temporary_env ? hash_lookup (name, temporary_env) : (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
-
- if (var)
- {
- FREE (value_cell (var));
- var_setvalue (var, savestring (value));
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (var);
- }
-
- return (var);
-}
-
-/* Find a variable in the temporary environment that is named NAME.
- Return the SHELL_VAR *, or NULL if not found. */
-SHELL_VAR *
-find_tempenv_variable (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- return (temporary_env ? hash_lookup (name, temporary_env) : (SHELL_VAR *)NULL);
-}
-
-char **tempvar_list;
-int tvlist_ind;
-
-/* Push the variable described by (SHELL_VAR *)DATA down to the next
- variable context from the temporary environment. */
-static void
-push_temp_var (data)
- PTR_T data;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var, *v;
- HASH_TABLE *binding_table;
-
- var = (SHELL_VAR *)data;
-
- binding_table = shell_variables->table;
- if (binding_table == 0)
- {
- if (shell_variables == global_variables)
- /* shouldn't happen */
- binding_table = shell_variables->table = global_variables->table = hash_create (0);
- else
- binding_table = shell_variables->table = hash_create (TEMPENV_HASH_BUCKETS);
- }
-
- v = bind_variable_internal (var->name, value_cell (var), binding_table, 0, 0);
-
- /* XXX - should we set the context here? It shouldn't matter because of how
- assign_in_env works, but might want to check. */
- if (binding_table == global_variables->table) /* XXX */
- var->attributes &= ~(att_tempvar|att_propagate);
- else
- {
- var->attributes |= att_propagate;
- if (binding_table == shell_variables->table)
- shell_variables->flags |= VC_HASTMPVAR;
- }
- v->attributes |= var->attributes;
-
- if (find_special_var (var->name) >= 0)
- tempvar_list[tvlist_ind++] = savestring (var->name);
-
- dispose_variable (var);
-}
-
-static void
-propagate_temp_var (data)
- PTR_T data;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-
- var = (SHELL_VAR *)data;
- if (tempvar_p (var) && (var->attributes & att_propagate))
- push_temp_var (data);
- else
- {
- if (find_special_var (var->name) >= 0)
- tempvar_list[tvlist_ind++] = savestring (var->name);
- dispose_variable (var);
- }
-}
-
-/* Free the storage used in the hash table for temporary
- environment variables. PUSHF is a function to be called
- to free each hash table entry. It takes care of pushing variables
- to previous scopes if appropriate. PUSHF stores names of variables
- that require special handling (e.g., IFS) on tempvar_list, so this
- function can call stupidly_hack_special_variables on all the
- variables in the list when the temporary hash table is destroyed. */
-static void
-dispose_temporary_env (pushf)
- sh_free_func_t *pushf;
-{
- int i;
-
- tempvar_list = strvec_create (HASH_ENTRIES (temporary_env) + 1);
- tempvar_list[tvlist_ind = 0] = 0;
-
- hash_flush (temporary_env, pushf);
- hash_dispose (temporary_env);
- temporary_env = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
-
- tempvar_list[tvlist_ind] = 0;
-
- array_needs_making = 1;
-
-#if 0
- sv_ifs ("IFS"); /* XXX here for now -- check setifs in assign_in_env */
-#endif
- for (i = 0; i < tvlist_ind; i++)
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (tempvar_list[i]);
-
- strvec_dispose (tempvar_list);
- tempvar_list = 0;
- tvlist_ind = 0;
-}
-
-void
-dispose_used_env_vars ()
-{
- if (temporary_env)
- {
- dispose_temporary_env (propagate_temp_var);
- maybe_make_export_env ();
- }
-}
-
-/* Take all of the shell variables in the temporary environment HASH_TABLE
- and make shell variables from them at the current variable context. */
-void
-merge_temporary_env ()
-{
- if (temporary_env)
- dispose_temporary_env (push_temp_var);
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Creating and manipulating the environment */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-static inline char *
-mk_env_string (name, value)
- const char *name, *value;
-{
- int name_len, value_len;
- char *p;
-
- name_len = strlen (name);
- value_len = STRLEN (value);
- p = (char *)xmalloc (2 + name_len + value_len);
- strcpy (p, name);
- p[name_len] = '=';
- if (value && *value)
- strcpy (p + name_len + 1, value);
- else
- p[name_len + 1] = '\0';
- return (p);
-}
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-/* Debugging */
-static int
-valid_exportstr (v)
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-{
- char *s;
-
- s = v->exportstr;
- if (s == 0)
- {
- internal_error (_("%s has null exportstr"), v->name);
- return (0);
- }
- if (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)*s) == 0)
- {
- internal_error (_("invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"), *s, v->name);
- return (0);
- }
- for (s = v->exportstr + 1; s && *s; s++)
- {
- if (*s == '=')
- break;
- if (legal_variable_char ((unsigned char)*s) == 0)
- {
- internal_error (_("invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"), *s, v->name);
- return (0);
- }
- }
- if (*s != '=')
- {
- internal_error (_("no `=' in exportstr for %s"), v->name);
- return (0);
- }
- return (1);
-}
-#endif
-
-static char **
-make_env_array_from_var_list (vars)
- SHELL_VAR **vars;
-{
- register int i, list_index;
- register SHELL_VAR *var;
- char **list, *value;
-
- list = strvec_create ((1 + strvec_len ((char **)vars)));
-
-#define USE_EXPORTSTR (value == var->exportstr)
-
- for (i = 0, list_index = 0; var = vars[i]; i++)
- {
-#if defined (__CYGWIN__)
- /* We don't use the exportstr stuff on Cygwin at all. */
- INVALIDATE_EXPORTSTR (var);
-#endif
- if (var->exportstr)
- value = var->exportstr;
- else if (function_p (var))
- value = named_function_string ((char *)NULL, function_cell (var), 0);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- else if (array_p (var))
-# if ARRAY_EXPORT
- value = array_to_assignment_string (array_cell (var));
-# else
- continue; /* XXX array vars cannot yet be exported */
-# endif /* ARRAY_EXPORT */
- else if (assoc_p (var))
-# if 0
- value = assoc_to_assignment_string (assoc_cell (var));
-# else
- continue; /* XXX associative array vars cannot yet be exported */
-# endif
-#endif
- else
- value = value_cell (var);
-
- if (value)
- {
- /* Gee, I'd like to get away with not using savestring() if we're
- using the cached exportstr... */
- list[list_index] = USE_EXPORTSTR ? savestring (value)
- : mk_env_string (var->name, value);
-
- if (USE_EXPORTSTR == 0)
- SAVE_EXPORTSTR (var, list[list_index]);
-
- list_index++;
-#undef USE_EXPORTSTR
-
-#if 0 /* not yet */
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- if (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var))
- free (value);
-#endif
-#endif
- }
- }
-
- list[list_index] = (char *)NULL;
- return (list);
-}
-
-/* Make an array of assignment statements from the hash table
- HASHED_VARS which contains SHELL_VARs. Only visible, exported
- variables are eligible. */
-static char **
-make_var_export_array (vcxt)
- VAR_CONTEXT *vcxt;
-{
- char **list;
- SHELL_VAR **vars;
-
-#if 0
- vars = map_over (visible_and_exported, vcxt);
-#else
- vars = map_over (export_environment_candidate, vcxt);
-#endif
-
- if (vars == 0)
- return (char **)NULL;
-
- list = make_env_array_from_var_list (vars);
-
- free (vars);
- return (list);
-}
-
-static char **
-make_func_export_array ()
-{
- char **list;
- SHELL_VAR **vars;
-
- vars = map_over_funcs (visible_and_exported);
- if (vars == 0)
- return (char **)NULL;
-
- list = make_env_array_from_var_list (vars);
-
- free (vars);
- return (list);
-}
-
-/* Add ENVSTR to the end of the exported environment, EXPORT_ENV. */
-#define add_to_export_env(envstr,do_alloc) \
-do \
- { \
- if (export_env_index >= (export_env_size - 1)) \
- { \
- export_env_size += 16; \
- export_env = strvec_resize (export_env, export_env_size); \
- environ = export_env; \
- } \
- export_env[export_env_index++] = (do_alloc) ? savestring (envstr) : envstr; \
- export_env[export_env_index] = (char *)NULL; \
- } while (0)
-
-/* Add ASSIGN to EXPORT_ENV, or supercede a previous assignment in the
- array with the same left-hand side. Return the new EXPORT_ENV. */
-char **
-add_or_supercede_exported_var (assign, do_alloc)
- char *assign;
- int do_alloc;
-{
- register int i;
- int equal_offset;
-
- equal_offset = assignment (assign, 0);
- if (equal_offset == 0)
- return (export_env);
-
- /* If this is a function, then only supersede the function definition.
- We do this by including the `=() {' in the comparison, like
- initialize_shell_variables does. */
- if (assign[equal_offset + 1] == '(' &&
- strncmp (assign + equal_offset + 2, ") {", 3) == 0) /* } */
- equal_offset += 4;
-
- for (i = 0; i < export_env_index; i++)
- {
- if (STREQN (assign, export_env[i], equal_offset + 1))
- {
- free (export_env[i]);
- export_env[i] = do_alloc ? savestring (assign) : assign;
- return (export_env);
- }
- }
- add_to_export_env (assign, do_alloc);
- return (export_env);
-}
-
-static void
-add_temp_array_to_env (temp_array, do_alloc, do_supercede)
- char **temp_array;
- int do_alloc, do_supercede;
-{
- register int i;
-
- if (temp_array == 0)
- return;
-
- for (i = 0; temp_array[i]; i++)
- {
- if (do_supercede)
- export_env = add_or_supercede_exported_var (temp_array[i], do_alloc);
- else
- add_to_export_env (temp_array[i], do_alloc);
- }
-
- free (temp_array);
-}
-
-/* Make the environment array for the command about to be executed, if the
- array needs making. Otherwise, do nothing. If a shell action could
- change the array that commands receive for their environment, then the
- code should `array_needs_making++'.
-
- The order to add to the array is:
- temporary_env
- list of var contexts whose head is shell_variables
- shell_functions
-
- This is the shell variable lookup order. We add only new variable
- names at each step, which allows local variables and variables in
- the temporary environments to shadow variables in the global (or
- any previous) scope.
-*/
-
-static int
-n_shell_variables ()
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
- int n;
-
- for (n = 0, vc = shell_variables; vc; vc = vc->down)
- n += HASH_ENTRIES (vc->table);
- return n;
-}
-
-int
-chkexport (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v && exported_p (v))
- {
- array_needs_making = 1;
- maybe_make_export_env ();
- return 1;
- }
- return 0;
-}
-
-void
-maybe_make_export_env ()
-{
- register char **temp_array;
- int new_size;
- VAR_CONTEXT *tcxt;
-
- if (array_needs_making)
- {
- if (export_env)
- strvec_flush (export_env);
-
- /* Make a guess based on how many shell variables and functions we
- have. Since there will always be array variables, and array
- variables are not (yet) exported, this will always be big enough
- for the exported variables and functions. */
- new_size = n_shell_variables () + HASH_ENTRIES (shell_functions) + 1 +
- HASH_ENTRIES (temporary_env);
- if (new_size > export_env_size)
- {
- export_env_size = new_size;
- export_env = strvec_resize (export_env, export_env_size);
- environ = export_env;
- }
- export_env[export_env_index = 0] = (char *)NULL;
-
- /* Make a dummy variable context from the temporary_env, stick it on
- the front of shell_variables, call make_var_export_array on the
- whole thing to flatten it, and convert the list of SHELL_VAR *s
- to the form needed by the environment. */
- if (temporary_env)
- {
- tcxt = new_var_context ((char *)NULL, 0);
- tcxt->table = temporary_env;
- tcxt->down = shell_variables;
- }
- else
- tcxt = shell_variables;
-
- temp_array = make_var_export_array (tcxt);
- if (temp_array)
- add_temp_array_to_env (temp_array, 0, 0);
-
- if (tcxt != shell_variables)
- free (tcxt);
-
-#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
- /* Restricted shells may not export shell functions. */
- temp_array = restricted ? (char **)0 : make_func_export_array ();
-#else
- temp_array = make_func_export_array ();
-#endif
- if (temp_array)
- add_temp_array_to_env (temp_array, 0, 0);
-
- array_needs_making = 0;
- }
-}
-
-/* This is an efficiency hack. PWD and OLDPWD are auto-exported, so
- we will need to remake the exported environment every time we
- change directories. `_' is always put into the environment for
- every external command, so without special treatment it will always
- cause the environment to be remade.
-
- If there is no other reason to make the exported environment, we can
- just update the variables in place and mark the exported environment
- as no longer needing a remake. */
-void
-update_export_env_inplace (env_prefix, preflen, value)
- char *env_prefix;
- int preflen;
- char *value;
-{
- char *evar;
-
- evar = (char *)xmalloc (STRLEN (value) + preflen + 1);
- strcpy (evar, env_prefix);
- if (value)
- strcpy (evar + preflen, value);
- export_env = add_or_supercede_exported_var (evar, 0);
-}
-
-/* We always put _ in the environment as the name of this command. */
-void
-put_command_name_into_env (command_name)
- char *command_name;
-{
- update_export_env_inplace ("_=", 2, command_name);
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Managing variable contexts */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-/* Allocate and return a new variable context with NAME and FLAGS.
- NAME can be NULL. */
-
-VAR_CONTEXT *
-new_var_context (name, flags)
- char *name;
- int flags;
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-
- vc = (VAR_CONTEXT *)xmalloc (sizeof (VAR_CONTEXT));
- vc->name = name ? savestring (name) : (char *)NULL;
- vc->scope = variable_context;
- vc->flags = flags;
-
- vc->up = vc->down = (VAR_CONTEXT *)NULL;
- vc->table = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
-
- return vc;
-}
-
-/* Free a variable context and its data, including the hash table. Dispose
- all of the variables. */
-void
-dispose_var_context (vc)
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-{
- FREE (vc->name);
-
- if (vc->table)
- {
- delete_all_variables (vc->table);
- hash_dispose (vc->table);
- }
-
- free (vc);
-}
-
-/* Set VAR's scope level to the current variable context. */
-static int
-set_context (var)
- SHELL_VAR *var;
-{
- return (var->context = variable_context);
-}
-
-/* Make a new variable context with NAME and FLAGS and a HASH_TABLE of
- temporary variables, and push it onto shell_variables. This is
- for shell functions. */
-VAR_CONTEXT *
-push_var_context (name, flags, tempvars)
- char *name;
- int flags;
- HASH_TABLE *tempvars;
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *vc;
-
- vc = new_var_context (name, flags);
- vc->table = tempvars;
- if (tempvars)
- {
- /* Have to do this because the temp environment was created before
- variable_context was incremented. */
- flatten (tempvars, set_context, (VARLIST *)NULL, 0);
- vc->flags |= VC_HASTMPVAR;
- }
- vc->down = shell_variables;
- shell_variables->up = vc;
-
- return (shell_variables = vc);
-}
-
-static void
-push_func_var (data)
- PTR_T data;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var, *v;
-
- var = (SHELL_VAR *)data;
-
- if (tempvar_p (var) && (posixly_correct || (var->attributes & att_propagate)))
- {
- /* Make sure we have a hash table to store the variable in while it is
- being propagated down to the global variables table. Create one if
- we have to */
- if ((vc_isfuncenv (shell_variables) || vc_istempenv (shell_variables)) && shell_variables->table == 0)
- shell_variables->table = hash_create (0);
- /* XXX - should we set v->context here? */
- v = bind_variable_internal (var->name, value_cell (var), shell_variables->table, 0, 0);
- if (shell_variables == global_variables)
- var->attributes &= ~(att_tempvar|att_propagate);
- else
- shell_variables->flags |= VC_HASTMPVAR;
- v->attributes |= var->attributes;
- }
- else
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (var->name); /* XXX */
-
- dispose_variable (var);
-}
-
-/* Pop the top context off of VCXT and dispose of it, returning the rest of
- the stack. */
-void
-pop_var_context ()
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *ret, *vcxt;
-
- vcxt = shell_variables;
- if (vc_isfuncenv (vcxt) == 0)
- {
- internal_error (_("pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context"));
- return;
- }
-
- if (ret = vcxt->down)
- {
- ret->up = (VAR_CONTEXT *)NULL;
- shell_variables = ret;
- if (vcxt->table)
- hash_flush (vcxt->table, push_func_var);
- dispose_var_context (vcxt);
- }
- else
- internal_error (_("pop_var_context: no global_variables context"));
-}
-
-/* Delete the HASH_TABLEs for all variable contexts beginning at VCXT, and
- all of the VAR_CONTEXTs except GLOBAL_VARIABLES. */
-void
-delete_all_contexts (vcxt)
- VAR_CONTEXT *vcxt;
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *v, *t;
-
- for (v = vcxt; v != global_variables; v = t)
- {
- t = v->down;
- dispose_var_context (v);
- }
-
- delete_all_variables (global_variables->table);
- shell_variables = global_variables;
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Pushing and Popping temporary variable scopes */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-VAR_CONTEXT *
-push_scope (flags, tmpvars)
- int flags;
- HASH_TABLE *tmpvars;
-{
- return (push_var_context ((char *)NULL, flags, tmpvars));
-}
-
-static void
-push_exported_var (data)
- PTR_T data;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *var, *v;
-
- var = (SHELL_VAR *)data;
-
- /* If a temp var had its export attribute set, or it's marked to be
- propagated, bind it in the previous scope before disposing it. */
- /* XXX - This isn't exactly right, because all tempenv variables have the
- export attribute set. */
-#if 0
- if (exported_p (var) || (var->attributes & att_propagate))
-#else
- if (tempvar_p (var) && exported_p (var) && (var->attributes & att_propagate))
-#endif
- {
- var->attributes &= ~att_tempvar; /* XXX */
- v = bind_variable_internal (var->name, value_cell (var), shell_variables->table, 0, 0);
- if (shell_variables == global_variables)
- var->attributes &= ~att_propagate;
- v->attributes |= var->attributes;
- }
- else
- stupidly_hack_special_variables (var->name); /* XXX */
-
- dispose_variable (var);
-}
-
-void
-pop_scope (is_special)
- int is_special;
-{
- VAR_CONTEXT *vcxt, *ret;
-
- vcxt = shell_variables;
- if (vc_istempscope (vcxt) == 0)
- {
- internal_error (_("pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope"));
- return;
- }
-
- ret = vcxt->down;
- if (ret)
- ret->up = (VAR_CONTEXT *)NULL;
-
- shell_variables = ret;
-
- /* Now we can take care of merging variables in VCXT into set of scopes
- whose head is RET (shell_variables). */
- FREE (vcxt->name);
- if (vcxt->table)
- {
- if (is_special)
- hash_flush (vcxt->table, push_func_var);
- else
- hash_flush (vcxt->table, push_exported_var);
- hash_dispose (vcxt->table);
- }
- free (vcxt);
-
- sv_ifs ("IFS"); /* XXX here for now */
-}
-
-/* **************************************************************** */
-/* */
-/* Pushing and Popping function contexts */
-/* */
-/* **************************************************************** */
-
-static WORD_LIST **dollar_arg_stack = (WORD_LIST **)NULL;
-static int dollar_arg_stack_slots;
-static int dollar_arg_stack_index;
-
-/* XXX - we might want to consider pushing and popping the `getopts' state
- when we modify the positional parameters. */
-void
-push_context (name, is_subshell, tempvars)
- char *name; /* function name */
- int is_subshell;
- HASH_TABLE *tempvars;
-{
- if (is_subshell == 0)
- push_dollar_vars ();
- variable_context++;
- push_var_context (name, VC_FUNCENV, tempvars);
-}
-
-/* Only called when subshell == 0, so we don't need to check, and can
- unconditionally pop the dollar vars off the stack. */
-void
-pop_context ()
-{
- pop_dollar_vars ();
- variable_context--;
- pop_var_context ();
-
- sv_ifs ("IFS"); /* XXX here for now */
-}
-
-/* Save the existing positional parameters on a stack. */
-void
-push_dollar_vars ()
-{
- if (dollar_arg_stack_index + 2 > dollar_arg_stack_slots)
- {
- dollar_arg_stack = (WORD_LIST **)
- xrealloc (dollar_arg_stack, (dollar_arg_stack_slots += 10)
- * sizeof (WORD_LIST *));
- }
- dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index++] = list_rest_of_args ();
- dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index] = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-}
-
-/* Restore the positional parameters from our stack. */
-void
-pop_dollar_vars ()
-{
- if (!dollar_arg_stack || dollar_arg_stack_index == 0)
- return;
-
- remember_args (dollar_arg_stack[--dollar_arg_stack_index], 1);
- dispose_words (dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index]);
- dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index] = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
- set_dollar_vars_unchanged ();
-}
-
-void
-dispose_saved_dollar_vars ()
-{
- if (!dollar_arg_stack || dollar_arg_stack_index == 0)
- return;
-
- dispose_words (dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index]);
- dollar_arg_stack[dollar_arg_stack_index] = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
-}
-
-/* Manipulate the special BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC variables. */
-
-void
-push_args (list)
- WORD_LIST *list;
-{
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) && defined (DEBUGGER)
- SHELL_VAR *bash_argv_v, *bash_argc_v;
- ARRAY *bash_argv_a, *bash_argc_a;
- WORD_LIST *l;
- arrayind_t i;
- char *t;
-
- GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_ARGV", bash_argv_v, bash_argv_a);
- GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_ARGC", bash_argc_v, bash_argc_a);
-
- for (l = list, i = 0; l; l = l->next, i++)
- array_push (bash_argv_a, l->word->word);
-
- t = itos (i);
- array_push (bash_argc_a, t);
- free (t);
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS && DEBUGGER */
-}
-
-/* Remove arguments from BASH_ARGV array. Pop top element off BASH_ARGC
- array and use that value as the count of elements to remove from
- BASH_ARGV. */
-void
-pop_args ()
-{
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) && defined (DEBUGGER)
- SHELL_VAR *bash_argv_v, *bash_argc_v;
- ARRAY *bash_argv_a, *bash_argc_a;
- ARRAY_ELEMENT *ce;
- intmax_t i;
-
- GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_ARGV", bash_argv_v, bash_argv_a);
- GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_ARGC", bash_argc_v, bash_argc_a);
-
- ce = array_shift (bash_argc_a, 1, 0);
- if (ce == 0 || legal_number (element_value (ce), &i) == 0)
- i = 0;
-
- for ( ; i > 0; i--)
- array_pop (bash_argv_a);
- array_dispose_element (ce);
-#endif /* ARRAY_VARS && DEBUGGER */
-}
-
-/*************************************************
- * *
- * Functions to manage special variables *
- * *
- *************************************************/
-
-/* Extern declarations for variables this code has to manage. */
-extern int eof_encountered, eof_encountered_limit, ignoreeof;
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-extern int hostname_list_initialized;
-#endif
-
-/* An alist of name.function for each special variable. Most of the
- functions don't do much, and in fact, this would be faster with a
- switch statement, but by the end of this file, I am sick of switch
- statements. */
-
-#define SET_INT_VAR(name, intvar) intvar = find_variable (name) != 0
-
-/* This table will be sorted with qsort() the first time it's accessed. */
-struct name_and_function {
- char *name;
- sh_sv_func_t *function;
-};
-
-static struct name_and_function special_vars[] = {
- { "BASH_COMPAT", sv_shcompat },
- { "BASH_XTRACEFD", sv_xtracefd },
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- { "CHILD_MAX", sv_childmax },
-#endif
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-# if defined (STRICT_POSIX)
- { "COLUMNS", sv_winsize },
-# endif
- { "COMP_WORDBREAKS", sv_comp_wordbreaks },
-#endif
-
- { "FUNCNEST", sv_funcnest },
-
- { "GLOBIGNORE", sv_globignore },
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
- { "HISTCONTROL", sv_history_control },
- { "HISTFILESIZE", sv_histsize },
- { "HISTIGNORE", sv_histignore },
- { "HISTSIZE", sv_histsize },
- { "HISTTIMEFORMAT", sv_histtimefmt },
-#endif
-
-#if defined (__CYGWIN__)
- { "HOME", sv_home },
-#endif
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- { "HOSTFILE", sv_hostfile },
-#endif
-
- { "IFS", sv_ifs },
- { "IGNOREEOF", sv_ignoreeof },
-
- { "LANG", sv_locale },
- { "LC_ALL", sv_locale },
- { "LC_COLLATE", sv_locale },
- { "LC_CTYPE", sv_locale },
- { "LC_MESSAGES", sv_locale },
- { "LC_NUMERIC", sv_locale },
- { "LC_TIME", sv_locale },
-
-#if defined (READLINE) && defined (STRICT_POSIX)
- { "LINES", sv_winsize },
-#endif
-
- { "MAIL", sv_mail },
- { "MAILCHECK", sv_mail },
- { "MAILPATH", sv_mail },
-
- { "OPTERR", sv_opterr },
- { "OPTIND", sv_optind },
-
- { "PATH", sv_path },
- { "POSIXLY_CORRECT", sv_strict_posix },
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
- { "TERM", sv_terminal },
- { "TERMCAP", sv_terminal },
- { "TERMINFO", sv_terminal },
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
- { "TEXTDOMAIN", sv_locale },
- { "TEXTDOMAINDIR", sv_locale },
-
-#if defined (HAVE_TZSET)
- { "TZ", sv_tz },
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HISTORY) && defined (BANG_HISTORY)
- { "histchars", sv_histchars },
-#endif /* HISTORY && BANG_HISTORY */
-
- { "ignoreeof", sv_ignoreeof },
-
- { (char *)0, (sh_sv_func_t *)0 }
-};
-
-#define N_SPECIAL_VARS (sizeof (special_vars) / sizeof (special_vars[0]) - 1)
-
-static int
-sv_compare (sv1, sv2)
- struct name_and_function *sv1, *sv2;
-{
- int r;
-
- if ((r = sv1->name[0] - sv2->name[0]) == 0)
- r = strcmp (sv1->name, sv2->name);
- return r;
-}
-
-static inline int
-find_special_var (name)
- const char *name;
-{
- register int i, r;
-
- for (i = 0; special_vars[i].name; i++)
- {
- r = special_vars[i].name[0] - name[0];
- if (r == 0)
- r = strcmp (special_vars[i].name, name);
- if (r == 0)
- return i;
- else if (r > 0)
- /* Can't match any of rest of elements in sorted list. Take this out
- if it causes problems in certain environments. */
- break;
- }
- return -1;
-}
-
-/* The variable in NAME has just had its state changed. Check to see if it
- is one of the special ones where something special happens. */
-void
-stupidly_hack_special_variables (name)
- char *name;
-{
- static int sv_sorted = 0;
- int i;
-
- if (sv_sorted == 0) /* shouldn't need, but it's fairly cheap. */
- {
- qsort (special_vars, N_SPECIAL_VARS, sizeof (special_vars[0]),
- (QSFUNC *)sv_compare);
- sv_sorted = 1;
- }
-
- i = find_special_var (name);
- if (i != -1)
- (*(special_vars[i].function)) (name);
-}
-
-/* Special variables that need hooks to be run when they are unset as part
- of shell reinitialization should have their sv_ functions run here. */
-void
-reinit_special_variables ()
-{
-#if defined (READLINE)
- sv_comp_wordbreaks ("COMP_WORDBREAKS");
-#endif
- sv_globignore ("GLOBIGNORE");
- sv_opterr ("OPTERR");
-}
-
-void
-sv_ifs (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable ("IFS");
- setifs (v);
-}
-
-/* What to do just after the PATH variable has changed. */
-void
-sv_path (name)
- char *name;
-{
- /* hash -r */
- phash_flush ();
-}
-
-/* What to do just after one of the MAILxxxx variables has changed. NAME
- is the name of the variable. This is called with NAME set to one of
- MAIL, MAILCHECK, or MAILPATH. */
-void
-sv_mail (name)
- char *name;
-{
- /* If the time interval for checking the files has changed, then
- reset the mail timer. Otherwise, one of the pathname vars
- to the users mailbox has changed, so rebuild the array of
- filenames. */
- if (name[4] == 'C') /* if (strcmp (name, "MAILCHECK") == 0) */
- reset_mail_timer ();
- else
- {
- free_mail_files ();
- remember_mail_dates ();
- }
-}
-
-void
-sv_funcnest (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- intmax_t num;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v == 0)
- funcnest_max = 0;
- else if (legal_number (value_cell (v), &num) == 0)
- funcnest_max = 0;
- else
- funcnest_max = num;
-}
-
-/* What to do when GLOBIGNORE changes. */
-void
-sv_globignore (name)
- char *name;
-{
- if (privileged_mode == 0)
- setup_glob_ignore (name);
-}
-
-#if defined (READLINE)
-void
-sv_comp_wordbreaks (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *sv;
-
- sv = find_variable (name);
- if (sv == 0)
- reset_completer_word_break_chars ();
-}
-
-/* What to do just after one of the TERMxxx variables has changed.
- If we are an interactive shell, then try to reset the terminal
- information in readline. */
-void
-sv_terminal (name)
- char *name;
-{
- if (interactive_shell && no_line_editing == 0)
- rl_reset_terminal (get_string_value ("TERM"));
-}
-
-void
-sv_hostfile (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v == 0)
- clear_hostname_list ();
- else
- hostname_list_initialized = 0;
-}
-
-#if defined (STRICT_POSIX)
-/* In strict posix mode, we allow assignments to LINES and COLUMNS (and values
- found in the initial environment) to override the terminal size reported by
- the kernel. */
-void
-sv_winsize (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- intmax_t xd;
- int d;
-
- if (posixly_correct == 0 || interactive_shell == 0 || no_line_editing)
- return;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v == 0 || var_isnull (v))
- rl_reset_screen_size ();
- else
- {
- if (legal_number (value_cell (v), &xd) == 0)
- return;
- winsize_assignment = 1;
- d = xd; /* truncate */
- if (name[0] == 'L') /* LINES */
- rl_set_screen_size (d, -1);
- else /* COLUMNS */
- rl_set_screen_size (-1, d);
- winsize_assignment = 0;
- }
-}
-#endif /* STRICT_POSIX */
-#endif /* READLINE */
-
-/* Update the value of HOME in the export environment so tilde expansion will
- work on cygwin. */
-#if defined (__CYGWIN__)
-sv_home (name)
- char *name;
-{
- array_needs_making = 1;
- maybe_make_export_env ();
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HISTORY)
-/* What to do after the HISTSIZE or HISTFILESIZE variables change.
- If there is a value for this HISTSIZE (and it is numeric), then stifle
- the history. Otherwise, if there is NO value for this variable,
- unstifle the history. If name is HISTFILESIZE, and its value is
- numeric, truncate the history file to hold no more than that many
- lines. */
-void
-sv_histsize (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *temp;
- intmax_t num;
- int hmax;
-
- temp = get_string_value (name);
-
- if (temp && *temp)
- {
- if (legal_number (temp, &num))
- {
- hmax = num;
- if (hmax < 0 && name[4] == 'S')
- unstifle_history (); /* unstifle history if HISTSIZE < 0 */
- else if (name[4] == 'S')
- {
- stifle_history (hmax);
- hmax = where_history ();
- if (history_lines_this_session > hmax)
- history_lines_this_session = hmax;
- }
- else if (hmax >= 0) /* truncate HISTFILE if HISTFILESIZE >= 0 */
- {
- history_truncate_file (get_string_value ("HISTFILE"), hmax);
- if (hmax <= history_lines_in_file)
- history_lines_in_file = hmax;
- }
- }
- }
- else if (name[4] == 'S')
- unstifle_history ();
-}
-
-/* What to do after the HISTIGNORE variable changes. */
-void
-sv_histignore (name)
- char *name;
-{
- setup_history_ignore (name);
-}
-
-/* What to do after the HISTCONTROL variable changes. */
-void
-sv_history_control (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *temp;
- char *val;
- int tptr;
-
- history_control = 0;
- temp = get_string_value (name);
-
- if (temp == 0 || *temp == 0)
- return;
-
- tptr = 0;
- while (val = extract_colon_unit (temp, &tptr))
- {
- if (STREQ (val, "ignorespace"))
- history_control |= HC_IGNSPACE;
- else if (STREQ (val, "ignoredups"))
- history_control |= HC_IGNDUPS;
- else if (STREQ (val, "ignoreboth"))
- history_control |= HC_IGNBOTH;
- else if (STREQ (val, "erasedups"))
- history_control |= HC_ERASEDUPS;
-
- free (val);
- }
-}
-
-#if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
-/* Setting/unsetting of the history expansion character. */
-void
-sv_histchars (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *temp;
-
- temp = get_string_value (name);
- if (temp)
- {
- history_expansion_char = *temp;
- if (temp[0] && temp[1])
- {
- history_subst_char = temp[1];
- if (temp[2])
- history_comment_char = temp[2];
- }
- }
- else
- {
- history_expansion_char = '!';
- history_subst_char = '^';
- history_comment_char = '#';
- }
-}
-#endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
-
-void
-sv_histtimefmt (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
-
- if (v = find_variable (name))
- {
- if (history_comment_char == 0)
- history_comment_char = '#';
- }
- history_write_timestamps = (v != 0);
-}
-#endif /* HISTORY */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_TZSET)
-void
-sv_tz (name)
- char *name;
-{
- if (chkexport (name))
- tzset ();
-}
-#endif
-
-/* If the variable exists, then the value of it can be the number
- of times we actually ignore the EOF. The default is small,
- (smaller than csh, anyway). */
-void
-sv_ignoreeof (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *tmp_var;
- char *temp;
-
- eof_encountered = 0;
-
- tmp_var = find_variable (name);
- ignoreeof = tmp_var != 0;
- temp = tmp_var ? value_cell (tmp_var) : (char *)NULL;
- if (temp)
- eof_encountered_limit = (*temp && all_digits (temp)) ? atoi (temp) : 10;
- set_shellopts (); /* make sure `ignoreeof' is/is not in $SHELLOPTS */
-}
-
-void
-sv_optind (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *tt;
- int s;
-
- tt = get_string_value ("OPTIND");
- if (tt && *tt)
- {
- s = atoi (tt);
-
- /* According to POSIX, setting OPTIND=1 resets the internal state
- of getopt (). */
- if (s < 0 || s == 1)
- s = 0;
- }
- else
- s = 0;
- getopts_reset (s);
-}
-
-void
-sv_opterr (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *tt;
-
- tt = get_string_value ("OPTERR");
- sh_opterr = (tt && *tt) ? atoi (tt) : 1;
-}
-
-void
-sv_strict_posix (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SET_INT_VAR (name, posixly_correct);
- posix_initialize (posixly_correct);
-#if defined (READLINE)
- if (interactive_shell)
- posix_readline_initialize (posixly_correct);
-#endif /* READLINE */
- set_shellopts (); /* make sure `posix' is/is not in $SHELLOPTS */
-}
-
-void
-sv_locale (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *v;
- int r;
-
- v = get_string_value (name);
- if (name[0] == 'L' && name[1] == 'A') /* LANG */
- r = set_lang (name, v);
- else
- r = set_locale_var (name, v); /* LC_*, TEXTDOMAIN* */
-
-#if 1
- if (r == 0 && posixly_correct)
- last_command_exit_value = 1;
-#endif
-}
-
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
-void
-set_pipestatus_array (ps, nproc)
- int *ps;
- int nproc;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- ARRAY *a;
- ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae;
- register int i;
- char *t, tbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(int) + 1];
-
- v = find_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
- if (v == 0)
- v = make_new_array_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
- if (array_p (v) == 0)
- return; /* Do nothing if not an array variable. */
- a = array_cell (v);
-
- if (a == 0 || array_num_elements (a) == 0)
- {
- for (i = 0; i < nproc; i++) /* was ps[i] != -1, not i < nproc */
- {
- t = inttostr (ps[i], tbuf, sizeof (tbuf));
- array_insert (a, i, t);
- }
- return;
- }
-
- /* Fast case */
- if (array_num_elements (a) == nproc && nproc == 1)
- {
- ae = element_forw (a->head);
- free (element_value (ae));
- ae->value = itos (ps[0]);
- }
- else if (array_num_elements (a) <= nproc)
- {
- /* modify in array_num_elements members in place, then add */
- ae = a->head;
- for (i = 0; i < array_num_elements (a); i++)
- {
- ae = element_forw (ae);
- free (element_value (ae));
- ae->value = itos (ps[i]);
- }
- /* add any more */
- for ( ; i < nproc; i++)
- {
- t = inttostr (ps[i], tbuf, sizeof (tbuf));
- array_insert (a, i, t);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- /* deleting elements. it's faster to rebuild the array. */
- array_flush (a);
- for (i = 0; ps[i] != -1; i++)
- {
- t = inttostr (ps[i], tbuf, sizeof (tbuf));
- array_insert (a, i, t);
- }
- }
-}
-
-ARRAY *
-save_pipestatus_array ()
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- ARRAY *a, *a2;
-
- v = find_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
- if (v == 0 || array_p (v) == 0 || array_cell (v) == 0)
- return ((ARRAY *)NULL);
-
- a = array_cell (v);
- a2 = array_copy (array_cell (v));
-
- return a2;
-}
-
-void
-restore_pipestatus_array (a)
- ARRAY *a;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- ARRAY *a2;
-
- v = find_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
- /* XXX - should we still assign even if existing value is NULL? */
- if (v == 0 || array_p (v) == 0 || array_cell (v) == 0)
- return;
-
- a2 = array_cell (v);
- var_setarray (v, a);
-
- array_dispose (a2);
-}
-#endif
-
-void
-set_pipestatus_from_exit (s)
- int s;
-{
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- static int v[2] = { 0, -1 };
-
- v[0] = s;
- set_pipestatus_array (v, 1);
-#endif
-}
-
-void
-sv_xtracefd (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- char *t, *e;
- int fd;
- FILE *fp;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v == 0)
- {
- xtrace_reset ();
- return;
- }
-
- t = value_cell (v);
- if (t == 0 || *t == 0)
- xtrace_reset ();
- else
- {
- fd = (int)strtol (t, &e, 10);
- if (e != t && *e == '\0' && sh_validfd (fd))
- {
- fp = fdopen (fd, "w");
- if (fp == 0)
- internal_error (_("%s: %s: cannot open as FILE"), name, value_cell (v));
- else
- xtrace_set (fd, fp);
- }
- else
- internal_error (_("%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor"), name, value_cell (v));
- }
-}
-
-#define MIN_COMPAT_LEVEL 31
-
-void
-sv_shcompat (name)
- char *name;
-{
- SHELL_VAR *v;
- char *val;
- int tens, ones, compatval;
-
- v = find_variable (name);
- if (v == 0)
- {
- shell_compatibility_level = DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL;
- set_compatibility_opts ();
- return;
- }
- val = value_cell (v);
- if (val == 0 || *val == '\0')
- {
- shell_compatibility_level = DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL;
- set_compatibility_opts ();
- return;
- }
- /* Handle decimal-like compatibility version specifications: 4.2 */
- if (isdigit (val[0]) && val[1] == '.' && isdigit (val[2]) && val[3] == 0)
- {
- tens = val[0] - '0';
- ones = val[2] - '0';
- compatval = tens*10 + ones;
- }
- /* Handle integer-like compatibility version specifications: 42 */
- else if (isdigit (val[0]) && isdigit (val[1]) && val[2] == 0)
- {
- tens = val[0] - '0';
- ones = val[1] - '0';
- compatval = tens*10 + ones;
- }
- else
- {
-compat_error:
- internal_error (_("%s: %s: compatibility value out of range"), name, val);
- shell_compatibility_level = DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL;
- set_compatibility_opts ();
- return;
- }
-
- if (compatval < MIN_COMPAT_LEVEL || compatval > DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL)
- goto compat_error;
-
- shell_compatibility_level = compatval;
- set_compatibility_opts ();
-}
-
-#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
-void
-sv_childmax (name)
- char *name;
-{
- char *tt;
- int s;
-
- tt = get_string_value (name);
- s = (tt && *tt) ? atoi (tt) : 0;
- set_maxchild (s);
-}
-#endif
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
