of the entire list to be aborted (in versions before bash-4.0,
interrupting one command in a list caused the next to be executed)
+compat41 set
+ - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution
+ of the entire list to be aborted (in versions before bash-4.0,
+ interrupting one command in a list caused the next to be executed)
+ - when in posix mode, single quotes in the `word' portion of a
+ double-quoted parameter expansion define a new quoting context and
+ are treated specially
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
- the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
locale when comparing strings
- interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution
- of the entire list to be aborted
+ of the entire list to be aborted (in versions before bash-4.0,
+ interrupting one command in a list caused the next to be executed)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
at all, even with the -p option. Inconsistency pointed out by
Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
+builtins/shopt.def
+ - add `compat41' option in preparation for bash-4.2
+
6/6
---
lib/readline/vi_mode.c
doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- document new `cd -e' option
+ 6/12
+ ----
+arrayfunc.c
+ - change array_value_internal to treat negative subscripts to indexed
+ arrays, offset from array_max_index(x) + 1, so foo[-1] is the last
+ element of $foo
+
+subst.c
+ - Change verify_substring_values to allow negative length specifications
+ when using string variables or array members. Negative lengths
+ mean to return characters from OFFSET until (${#var} - N) for
+ {var:offset:-N}. Feature requested by Richard Neill
+ <rn214@hermes.cam.ac.uk>
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document new behavior of negative subscripts to indexed arrays
+ - document new behavior of negative LENGTH in substring expansion
+
+configure.in
+ - change version to bash-4.2-devel
+
+variables.c
+ - make sure initialize_shell_variables calls sv_xtracefd if
+ BASH_XTRACEFD is inherited in the shell environment. Fixes but
+ reported by <jsunx1@bellsouth.net>
+
+ 6/13
+ ----
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - change get_y_or_n to always return 1 when in callback mode, so we
+ don't do a blocking read. Have to wait until readline-7.0 to add
+ a state, since that will change public interface
at all, even with the -p option. Inconsistency pointed out by
Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
+builtins/shopt.def
+ - add `compat41' option in preparation for bash-4.2
+
6/6
---
lib/readline/vi_mode.c
display width of select list elements in presence of multibyte
characters. Bug reported by Bernd Eggink <monoped@sudrala.de>
+builtins/cd.def
+ - add posix-mandated -e option; currently ignored in most circumstances
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document new `cd -e' option
+
+ 6/12
+ ----
+arrayfunc.c
+ - change array_value_internal to treat negative subscripts to indexed
+ arrays, offset from array_max_index(x) + 1, so foo[-1] is the last
+ element of $foo
+
+subst.c
+ - Change verify_substring_values to allow negative length specifications
+ when using string variables or array members. Negative lengths
+ mean to return characters from OFFSET until (${#var} - N) for
+ {var:offset:-N}. Feature requested by Richard Neill
+ <rn214@hermes.cam.ac.uk>
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document new behavior of negative subscripts to indexed arrays
+ - document new behavior of negative LENGTH in substring expansion
+
+configure.in
+ - change version to bash-4.2-devel
+
+variables.c
+ - make sure initialize_shell_variables calls sv_xtracefd if
+ BASH_XTRACEFD is inherited in the shell environment. Fixes but
+ reported by <jsunx1@bellsouth.net>
lint:
${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} CFLAGS='${GCC_LINT_FLAGS}' .made
-version.h: $(SOURCES) config.h Makefile
+version.h: $(SOURCES) config.h Makefile patchlevel.h
$(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkversion.sh -b -S ${topdir} -s $(RELSTATUS) -d $(Version) -o newversion.h \
&& mv newversion.h version.h
${SH_LIBSRC}/casemod.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/uconvert.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/ufuncs.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/dprintf.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/input_avail.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/mbscasecmp.c \
- ${SH_LIBSRC}/fnxform.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/unicode.c
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/fnxform.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/unicode.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/wcswidth.c
SHLIB_LIB = -lsh
SHLIB_LIBNAME = libsh.a
return (var == 0 || invisible_p (var)) ? (SHELL_VAR *)0 : var;
}
+#define INDEX_ERROR() \
+ do \
+ { \
+ if (var) \
+ err_badarraysub (var->name); \
+ else \
+ { \
+ t[-1] = '\0'; \
+ err_badarraysub (s); \
+ t[-1] = '['; /* ] */\
+ } \
+ return ((char *)NULL); \
+ } \
+ while (0)
+
/* Return a string containing the elements in the array and subscript
described by S. If the subscript is * or @, obeys quoting rules akin
to the expansion of $* and $@ including double quoting. If RTYPE
ind = array_expand_index (t, len);
if (ind < 0)
{
-index_error:
- if (var)
- err_badarraysub (var->name);
- else
- {
- t[-1] = '\0';
- err_badarraysub (s);
- t[-1] = '['; /* ] */
- }
- return ((char *)NULL);
+ /* negative subscripts to indexed arrays count back from end */
+ if (var && array_p (var))
+ ind = array_max_index (array_cell (var)) + 1 + ind;
+ if (ind < 0)
+ INDEX_ERROR();
}
if (indp)
*indp = ind;
akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0); /* [ */
t[len - 1] = ']';
if (akey == 0 || *akey == 0)
- goto index_error;
+ INDEX_ERROR();
}
if (var == 0 || value_cell (var) == 0) /* XXX - check invisible_p(var) ? */
/* arrayfunc.c -- High-level array functions used by other parts of the shell. */
-/* Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
return (var == 0 || invisible_p (var)) ? (SHELL_VAR *)0 : var;
}
+#define INDEX_ERROR() \
+ do \
+ { \
+ if (var) \
+ err_badarraysub (var->name); \
+ else \
+ { \
+ t[-1] = '\0'; \
+ err_badarraysub (s); \
+ t[-1] = '['; /* ] */\
+ } \
+ return ((char *)NULL); \
+ } \
+ while (0)
+
/* Return a string containing the elements in the array and subscript
described by S. If the subscript is * or @, obeys quoting rules akin
to the expansion of $* and $@ including double quoting. If RTYPE
ind = array_expand_index (t, len);
if (ind < 0)
{
-index_error:
- if (var)
- err_badarraysub (var->name);
- else
- {
- t[-1] = '\0';
- err_badarraysub (s);
- t[-1] = '['; /* ] */
- }
- return ((char *)NULL);
+ if (var && array_p (var))
+ ind = array_max_index (array_cell (var)) + 1 + ind;
+ if (ind < 0)
+ INDEX_ERROR();
}
if (indp)
*indp = ind;
akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0); /* [ */
t[len - 1] = ']';
if (akey == 0 || *akey == 0)
- goto index_error;
+ INDEX_ERROR();
}
if (var == 0 || value_cell (var) == 0) /* XXX - check invisible_p(var) ? */
@%:@! /bin/sh
-@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.1, version 4.023.
+@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.031.
@%:@ Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-@%:@ Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.1-maint.
+@%:@ Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-devel.
@%:@
@%:@ Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
@%:@
# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='bash'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='4.1-maint'
-PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.1-maint'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='4.2-devel'
+PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.2-devel'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org'
ac_unique_file="shell.h"
# Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
# This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures bash 4.1-maint to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures bash 4.2-devel to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
case $ac_init_help in
- short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.1-maint:";;
+ short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.2-devel:";;
esac
cat <<\_ACEOF
test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
cat <<\_ACEOF
-bash configure 4.1-maint
+bash configure 4.2-devel
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
-It was created by bash $as_me 4.1-maint, which was
+It was created by bash $as_me 4.2-devel, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was
$ $0 $@
ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h"
-BASHVERS=4.1
-RELSTATUS=maint
+BASHVERS=4.2
+RELSTATUS=devel
case "$RELSTATUS" in
alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
-This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.1-maint, which was
+This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.2-devel, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was
CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES
_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_version="\\
-bash config.status 4.1-maint
+bash config.status 4.2-devel
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63,
with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\"
'configure.in'
],
{
- 'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1,
'_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1,
- 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1,
+ 'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1,
'AC_INIT' => 1,
- 'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1,
+ 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1,
'_AM_COND_IF' => 1,
- 'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1,
+ 'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1,
'AC_SUBST' => 1,
- 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1,
+ 'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1,
'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1,
+ 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1,
'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1,
'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS' => 1,
'AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION' => 1,
'LT_CONFIG_LTDL_DIR' => 1,
- 'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1,
'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1,
- 'LT_SUPPORTED_TAG' => 1,
+ 'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1,
'm4_sinclude' => 1,
+ 'LT_SUPPORTED_TAG' => 1,
'AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' => 1,
'AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR' => 1,
'_m4_warn' => 1,
'AC_CANONICAL_BUILD' => 1,
'AC_FC_FREEFORM' => 1,
'AH_OUTPUT' => 1,
- 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1,
'_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1,
- 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1,
- 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1,
+ 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1,
'sinclude' => 1,
- 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1,
+ 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1,
+ 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1,
'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1,
+ 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_HEADERS' => 1,
'AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL' => 1,
'm4_include' => 1,
-m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- AC_INIT([bash], [4.1-maint], [bug-bash@gnu.org])
+m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- AC_INIT([bash], [4.2-devel], [bug-bash@gnu.org])
m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- m4_pattern_forbid([^_?A[CHUM]_])
m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- m4_pattern_forbid([_AC_])
m4trace:configure.in:29: -1- m4_pattern_forbid([^LIBOBJS$], [do not use LIBOBJS directly, use AC_LIBOBJ (see section `AC_LIBOBJ vs LIBOBJS'])
lflag = (cdable_vars ? LCD_DOVARS : 0) |
((interactive && cdspelling) ? LCD_DOSPELL : 0);
+ if (eflag && no_symlinks == 0)
+ eflag = 0;
if (list == 0)
{
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.in for Bash 4.1, version 4.023.
+# From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.031.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.1-maint.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-devel.
#
# Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
#
# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='bash'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='4.1-maint'
-PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.1-maint'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='4.2-devel'
+PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.2-devel'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org'
ac_unique_file="shell.h"
# Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
# This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures bash 4.1-maint to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures bash 4.2-devel to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
case $ac_init_help in
- short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.1-maint:";;
+ short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.2-devel:";;
esac
cat <<\_ACEOF
test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
cat <<\_ACEOF
-bash configure 4.1-maint
+bash configure 4.2-devel
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63
Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
-It was created by bash $as_me 4.1-maint, which was
+It was created by bash $as_me 4.2-devel, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was
$ $0 $@
ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h"
-BASHVERS=4.1
-RELSTATUS=maint
+BASHVERS=4.2
+RELSTATUS=devel
case "$RELSTATUS" in
alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
-This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.1-maint, which was
+This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.2-devel, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63. Invocation command line was
CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES
_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_version="\\
-bash config.status 4.1-maint
+bash config.status 4.2-devel
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63,
with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\"
dnl
-dnl Configure script for bash-4.1
+dnl Configure script for bash-4.2
dnl
dnl report bugs to chet@po.cwru.edu
dnl
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.1, version 4.023])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.031])dnl
-define(bashvers, 4.1)
-define(relstatus, maint)
+define(bashvers, 4.2)
+define(relstatus, devel)
AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(rename)
dnl checks for c library functions
-AC_CHECK_FUNCS(bcopy bzero confstr fnmatch \
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(bcopy bzero confstr faccessat fnmatch \
getaddrinfo gethostbyname getservbyname getservent inet_aton \
memmove pathconf putenv raise regcomp regexec \
setenv setlinebuf setlocale setvbuf siginterrupt strchr \
routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
- c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|\b|-\b-P\bP] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be fol-
- lowed. An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-
- empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first
- argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute
- pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard
- output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
+ lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
+ working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-
+ cessful directory change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status.
+ An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-empty
+ directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argu-
+ ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path-
+ name of the new working directory is written to the standard
+ output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
fully changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
- lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
- The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
- grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
attempted on a blank line.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. The possible completions are the members
- of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
pleted.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
- case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
-
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
- supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
- and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
- the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
- -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
- variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
- nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
- the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
- variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
- when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
- all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
- output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command,
- unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
+ unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
l\blo\bow\bwe\bed\bd b\bby\by =\b=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be,\b, t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be i\bis\bs s\bse\bet\bt t\bto\bo _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.\b. T\bTh\bhe\be
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
- u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
+ u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
- to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
- is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
+ to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
+ is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
- active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
- is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
+ Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
+ active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
+ is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
the -\b-h\bh option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
- ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
- shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
- the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
+ ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
+ shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
+ the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
- all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
- operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
The return status is always 0. If -\b-n\bn is specified, the trailing
- newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
- tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
- The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
- acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
- The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
- whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
- e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
+ tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+ The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
+ acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+ The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
+ whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
interprets the following escape sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
- exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
- export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
- name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
+ exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
+ export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
+ name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
tion.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
- to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
- be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
- with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
+ Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
+ to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
+ be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+ with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
- current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
+ current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
- ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
+ ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
- ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
+ ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
mand.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and n\bna\bam\bme\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
-\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
ing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
-\b-t\bt Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
- backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
escapes beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits).
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
- input is available on the specified file descriptor,
- failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
+ input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+ failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
- greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
- supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
- option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
- reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
- value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
- parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
- a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
+ parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
+ a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
- words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
- except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
+ words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
+ except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
+ command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
+ return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
mand's =~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the conditional command's < and > operators.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the conditional command's < and > operators and
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators and
the effect of interrupting a command list.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
- lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
+ lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sun May 30 17:03:08 EDT 2010
+.\" Last Change: Sat Jun 12 15:34:58 EDT 2010
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2010 May 30" "GNU Bash-4.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2010 June 12" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
using the syntax \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP. The
.I subscript
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
-greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array,
-use
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
+If
+.I subscript
+evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
+an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
+of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
.B declare \-a \fIname\fP
(see
.SM
.B
ARITHMETIC EVALUATION
below).
-\fIlength\fP must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
If \fIoffset\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
is used as an offset from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP.
+If \fIlength\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, and \fIparameter\fP
+is not \fB@\fP and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
+as an offset from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
+two offsets.
If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, the result is \fIlength\fP positional
parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP.
If \fIparameter\fP is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *,
string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
.TP 8
+.B compat41
+@item compat41
+If set,
+.BR bash ,
+when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
+(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
+quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
+The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+.TP 8
.B dirspell
If set,
.B bash
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sun May 30 17:03:08 EDT 2010
+.\" Last Change: Sat Jun 12 15:34:58 EDT 2010
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2010 May 30" "GNU Bash-4.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2010 June 12" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
using the syntax \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP. The
.I subscript
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
-greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array,
-use
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
+If
+.I subscript
+evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
+an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
+of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
.B declare \-a \fIname\fP
(see
.SM
.B
ARITHMETIC EVALUATION
below).
-\fIlength\fP must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
If \fIoffset\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
is used as an offset from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP.
+If \fIlength\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, and \fIparameter\fP
+is not \fB@\fP and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
+as an offset from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
+two offsets.
If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, the result is \fIlength\fP positional
parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP.
If \fIparameter\fP is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *,
call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
.TP
-\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L|-P\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
+\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L\fP|[\fB\-P\fP [\fB\-e\fP]]] [\fIdir\fP]
Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP. The variable
.SM
.B HOME
.B set
builtin command); the
.B \-L
-option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of
+option forces symbolic links to be followed.
+If the
+.B \-e
+option is supplied with
+.BR \-P ,
+and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
+after a successful directory change, \fBcd\fP will return an unsuccessful
+status.
+An argument of
.B \-
is equivalent to
.SM
string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
.TP 8
+.B compat41
+@item compat41
+If set,
+.BR bash ,
+when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
+(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
+quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
+.TP 8
.B dirspell
If set,
.B bash
The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
-<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L|-P</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L</B>|[<B>-P</B> [<B>-e</B>]]] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>. The variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>
builtin command); the
<B>-L</B>
-option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of
+option forces symbolic links to be followed.
+If the
+<B>-e</B>
+
+option is supplied with
+<B>-P</B>,
+
+and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
+after a successful directory change, <B>cd</B> will return an unsuccessful
+status.
+An argument of
<B>-</B>
is equivalent to
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 01 June 2010 11:58:46 EDT
+Time: 07 June 2010 16:19:05 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
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%%Page: 52 52
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\entry{exec}{38}{\code {exec}}
\entry{exit}{38}{\code {exit}}
-\entry{export}{38}{\code {export}}
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\entry{getopts}{39}{\code {getopts}}
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<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on June, 1 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on June, 7 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<DT><CODE>cd</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|-P] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not given, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell
variable is used.
The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
links are followed by default or with the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option.
+If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is supplied with <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP>
+and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
+after a successful directory change, <CODE>cd</CODE> will return an unsuccessful
+status.
If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is equivalent to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 1 2010</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 7 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 1 2010</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 7 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
-/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
+/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell (version 4.1, 30 May 2010).
greater than or equal to 1.
`cd'
- cd [-L|-P] [DIRECTORY]
+ cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [DIRECTORY]
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY
is not given, the value of the `HOME' shell variable is used. If
the shell variable `CDPATH' exists, it is used as a search path.
If DIRECTORY begins with a slash, `CDPATH' is not used.
The `-P' option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic links
- are followed by default or with the `-L' option. If DIRECTORY is
+ are followed by default or with the `-L' option. If the `-e'
+ option is supplied with `-P' and the current working directory
+ cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
+ change, `cd' will return an unsuccessful status. If DIRECTORY is
`-', it is equivalent to `$OLDPWD'.
If a non-empty directory name from `CDPATH' is used, or if `-' is
* :: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 11)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 214)
+ (line 217)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 217)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 55)
+ (line 58)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 142)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 226)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 286)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 63)
+ (line 66)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 70)
+ (line 73)
* exit: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 82)
+ (line 85)
* export: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 88)
+ (line 91)
* fc: Bash History Builtins.
(line 10)
* fg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 16)
* getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 103)
+ (line 106)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 145)
+ (line 148)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 314)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 39)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 58)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 164)
+ (line 167)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 446)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 526)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 173)
+ (line 176)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 189)
+ (line 192)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 202)
+ (line 205)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 534)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 214)
+ (line 217)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 282)
+ (line 285)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 287)
+ (line 290)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 538)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 569)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 575)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 333)
+ (line 336)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 664)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 350)
+ (line 353)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 73)
\1f
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-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f413915
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+Node: What is a shell?\7f4510
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\1f
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Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]:
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[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
[30] [31] [32] [33] [34] Chapter 4 [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42]
[43]
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+Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3399--3412
@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.etc.
[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]
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+Overfull \hbox (172.34125pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3856--3856
[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
] [-i @textttsl text@texttt ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-N @textttsl ncha
rs@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time-
[50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] Chapter 5 [62]
[63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] Chapter 6 [72]
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+Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5449--5449
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
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+Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5450--5450
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
-
.etc.
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+Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5451--5451
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
[73] [74]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
.etc.
[75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88]
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@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
.etc.
Chapter 7 [89] [90] [91] [92] [93]
-(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [94] [95]
-[96] [97] [98] [99] [100]
+(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [94]
+[95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.@texttt o
.etc.
-[121]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
+[121]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[122] [123] [124] [125] [126]) Chapter 10 [127] [128] [129] [130] [131]
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[]@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
s/large_
[159] [160] )
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(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
-@var{length} must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
is used as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero, and @var{parameter}
+is not @samp{@@} and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
+as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter} rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
+two offsets.
If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional
parameters beginning at @var{offset}.
If @var{parameter} is an indexed array name subscripted
string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
+@item compat41
+If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
+(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
+quoted. This is the behavior of @sc{posix} mode through version 4.1.
+The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+
@item dirspell
If set, Bash
attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
@noindent
The @var{subscript}
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
-greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
+If @var{subscript} evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
+an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
+of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+To explicitly declare an array, use
@example
declare -a @var{name}
@end example
(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
-@var{length} must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
is used as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero, and @var{parameter}
+is not @samp{@@} and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
+as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter} rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
+two offsets.
If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional
parameters beginning at @var{offset}.
If @var{parameter} is an indexed array name subscripted
@item cd
@btindex cd
@example
-cd [-L|-P] [@var{directory}]
+cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [@var{directory}]
@end example
Change the current working directory to @var{directory}.
If @var{directory} is not given, the value of the @env{HOME} shell
The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
links are followed by default or with the @option{-L} option.
+If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P}
+and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
+after a successful directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful
+status.
If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is equivalent to @env{$OLDPWD}.
If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if
string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
+@item compat41
+If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
+(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
+quoted. This is the behavior of @sc{posix} mode through version 4.1.
+
@item dirspell
If set, Bash
attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
@noindent
The @var{subscript}
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
-greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
+If @var{subscript} evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
+an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
+of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+To explicitly declare an array, use
@example
declare -a @var{name}
@end example
routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
- c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|\b|-\b-P\bP] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be fol-
- lowed. An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-
- empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first
- argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute
- pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard
- output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
+ lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
+ working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-
+ cessful directory change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status.
+ An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-empty
+ directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argu-
+ ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path-
+ name of the new working directory is written to the standard
+ output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
fully changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
- lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
- The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
- grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
attempted on a blank line.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. The possible completions are the members
- of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
pleted.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
- case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
-
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
- supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
- and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
- the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
- -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
- variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
- nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
- the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
- variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
- when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
- all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
- output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command,
- unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
+ unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
l\blo\bow\bwe\bed\bd b\bby\by =\b=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be,\b, t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be i\bis\bs s\bse\bet\bt t\bto\bo _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.\b. T\bTh\bhe\be
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
- u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
+ u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
- to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
- is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
+ to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
+ is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
- active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
- is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
+ Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
+ active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
+ is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
the -\b-h\bh option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
- ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
- shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
- the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
+ ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
+ shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
+ the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
- all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
- operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
The return status is always 0. If -\b-n\bn is specified, the trailing
- newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
- tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
- The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
- acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
- The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
- whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
- e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
+ tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+ The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
+ acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+ The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
+ whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
interprets the following escape sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
- exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
- export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
- name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
+ exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
+ export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
+ name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
tion.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
- to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
- be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
- with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
+ Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
+ to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
+ be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+ with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
- current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
+ current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
- ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
+ ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete,
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete,
the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
- ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
+ ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
mand.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and n\bna\bam\bme\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
-\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
ing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
-\b-t\bt Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
- backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
escapes beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits).
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
- input is available on the specified file descriptor,
- failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
+ input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+ failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
- greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
- supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
- option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
- reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
- value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
- parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
- a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
+ parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
+ a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
- words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
- except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
+ words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
+ except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
+ command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
+ return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
mand's =~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the conditional command's < and > operators.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the conditional command's < and > operators and
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators and
the effect of interrupting a command list.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
- lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
+ lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
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-ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 698.4 Q
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-ne that the compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F
-2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)
-224 108 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name co\
+mpletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)
+184 108 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec genera\
+tes \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637
+E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45
-(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 120 R .45
-(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 132 Q F1(nospace)
-184 144 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22
+(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45
+(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(nospace)
+184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22
(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F
-.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 156 Q F1(plusdirs)
-184 168 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
+.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 180 Q F1(plusdirs)
+184 192 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
-.584(completion is attempted and an)224 180 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 192
-Q F1<ad41>144 204 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 216
+.584(completion is attempted and an)224 204 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
+(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 216
+Q F1<ad41>144 228 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 240
Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
-2
28 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 240 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 252 Q
-(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 264 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G
-2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 276 S(iltin).2 E F0
+2
52 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 264 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 276 Q
+(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 288 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G
+2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 300 S(iltin).2 E F0
(Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 288
-Q F0(Command names.)224 3
00 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 312 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 324 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 336
-Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 348 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
-360 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
-372 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 312
+Q F0(Command names.)224 3
24 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 336 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 348 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 360
+Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 372 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
+384 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
+396 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
-
384 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(function)184 396 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 408 Q F1
-(gr)184 420 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E
+
408 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(function)184 420 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 432 Q F1
+(gr)184 444 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
-432 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 444 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 456 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 468
+456 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 468 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 480 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 492
Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 480 Q F0
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 504 Q F0
(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
-(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 492 S
-(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 504 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
+(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 516 S
+(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 528 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
-516 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 528 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 540 Q
+540 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 552 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 564 Q
F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E
F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
-(shopt)184 552 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1
-(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 564 Q F0
-(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 576 Q F0
+(shopt)184 576 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1
+(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 588 Q F0
+(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 600 Q F0
(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
-.15 E F1(user)184 588 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 600 S
+.15 E F1(user)184 612 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 624 S
(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 612 Q F2
-(command)2.5 E(command)184 624 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 636 Q F2
+(command)2.5 E(command)184 648 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 636 Q F1<ad46>144 648 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
-(The shell function)184 660 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
+184 660 Q F1<ad46>144 672 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
+(The shell function)184 684 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68
(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932
-(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F3
-(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 684 S(riable.)
-.25 E F1<ad47>144 696 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 708
-R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 720 Q
-(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 708 S(riable.)
+.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 5 5
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)
--.37 E(pr)184 96 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad47>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0
+1.008(The pathname e)184 96 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)
+3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007
+(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 108 Q F1
+<ad50>144 120 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 132 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0
+.534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 108 Q F1<ad53>144 120 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 144 Q F1<ad53>144 156 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 132 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 144 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 168 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 180 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)
3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F
-2.007(each resultant w)184 156 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507
+2.007(each resultant w)184 192 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507
(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)
-4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 168 Q(ord being completed.)
--.1 E F1<ad58>144 180 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 192 Q F0
+4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 204 Q(ord being completed.)
+-.1 E F1<ad58>144 216 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 228 Q F0
.456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15
F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 204 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 216 Q F2(\214lterpat)
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 240 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 252 Q F2(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 228 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 264 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 244.8 R .466
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 280.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 256.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
+(plied without a)144 292.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 268.8 Q F0
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 304.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108
285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(compopt)108
321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 297.6 R
+(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 333.6 R
F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 309.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(completion if no)144 345.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 321.6 Q F2(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 357.6 Q F2(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 333.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 369.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
-1.227(the `)144 345.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+1.227(the `)144 381.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 357.6 R 2.178
+no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 393.6 R 2.178
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
-144 369.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
+144 405.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5
-E 1.387(The return v)144 393.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
+E 1.387(The return v)144 429.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
-(options for a)144 405.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(options for a)144 441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 422.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 434.4 R 1.754
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 458.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 470.4 R 1.754
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
-(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 446.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
+(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 482.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 458.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
+(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 494.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is)
-3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 470.4 Q F1(declar)108 487.2
+3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 506.4 Q F1(declar)108 523.2
Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
-(typeset)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+(typeset)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 511.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
+(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 547.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)
3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
--.25(va)144 5
23.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
+-.25(va)144 5
59.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
-<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 535.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E
+<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 571.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E
F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F
(When)6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2
(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151
-(ments, it will display the attrib)144 547.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
+(ments, it will display the attrib)144 583.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)
-.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144
-5
59.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547
+5
95.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547
E F0(,)A F1(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)
-2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 571.2 S 1.363
+2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S 1.363
(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0
1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\c)144 84 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)
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-29.89 E F1(\\v)144 156 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144
-168 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 180 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)
-A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E
+(escape sequences:)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\a)144 96 Q F0
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+120 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144 132 Q F0
+(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 144 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1
+(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q
+F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 180 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1
+(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0
+(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1
-(\\x)144 192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E
+(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E
(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1
-(\\u)144 204 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 216 R 1.507
+(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506
+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507
(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
-4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 228 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
-(\\U)144 240 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R .547
+4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
+(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547
(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
-3.047 E(HHH)180 264 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F1(enable)108
280.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
+-2.5 E F1(enable)108
316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 292.8 R
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.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834
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(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989
-(the shell normally searches for b)144 316.8 R .989
+(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99
(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582
-(abled; otherwise,)144 328.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
+(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F
F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 340.8 R
+SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 376.8 R
.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081
(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081
-(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 352.8 S 1.525
+(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.525
(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F
F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144
364.8 Q F1<ad64>
+(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144
400.8 Q F1<ad64>
2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F
.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn)
-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi)
--.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144
376.8 R F1<ad70>
+-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144
412.8 R F1<ad70>
2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4
F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144
-
388.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
+
424.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 1.917
-(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 400.8 R 1.916
+(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 436.8 R 1.916
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878
-(enabled. If)144 4
12.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379
+(enabled. If)144 4
48.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379
(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special)
2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F
-(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 424.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994
+(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 460.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994
(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)
-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144
-436.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 453.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37
-E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 465.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671
+472.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 489.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37
+E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 501.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671
(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 477.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 513.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no)
--2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 489.6 Q
+-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 525.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
-(exec)108 5
06.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
+(exec)108 5
42.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 518.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
+-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 554.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 530.4 R .177
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 566.4 R .177
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176
-(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 542.4 R .499(gument passed to)
+(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 578.4 R .499(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2
(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0
-.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .639(to be e)
+.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 590.4 Q F0 .639(to be e)
3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
-3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 566.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
+3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 602.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 578.4 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 614.4 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F
.318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317
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-(ure. An)144 590.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005
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(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005
-(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 602.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537
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(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536
(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
-(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 614.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
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+(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of)
-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096
(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 643.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
+-.15 F -.15(exe)144 679.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
-F1(export)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
-E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 672 Q F0
-.257(The supplied)144 684 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F
-.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257
+F1(export)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
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(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626
-(commands. If)144
696 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127
+(commands. If)144
108 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127
(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
-144 708 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16
+144 120 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16
F .659(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F1<ad6e>
-3.159 E F0(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 720 R 1.586
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(xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586
(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G
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-/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F
-.304(alue of the v)-.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)2.804 E
-(d)-.37 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)5.304 E F0 .304
-(returns an e)2.804 F .303(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)
--.4 G(lid).25 E .293(option is encountered, one of the)144 96 R F1
-(names)2.793 E F0 .293(is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293
-(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)
-2.793 F F1(name)144.36 108 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2(fc)108
-124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5
-E F0 2.5(][)C F1<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A
-F2(fc \255s)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E
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-(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F1<8c72>4.888 E
-(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F1(last)3.068 E F0 .477
-(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 160.8 R F1 -.45
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+(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303
+(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293
+(option is encountered, one of the)144 156 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293
+(is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25
+F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 168
+Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
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+(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 208.8 R .478
+(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F2<8c72>4.888 E
+(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .477
+(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 220.8 R F2 -.45
+(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F
.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144
-172.8 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F
+232.8 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an)
-.15 F(of)144 184.8 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
-(If)5.276 E F1(last)2.866 E F0 .277
+.15 F(of)144 244.8 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
+(If)5.276 E F2(last)2.866 E F0 .277
(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093
-(for listing \(so that)144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092
+(for listing \(so that)144 256.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092
(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)
-2.592 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>
+2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>
4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F
-(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 208.8 Q
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 232.8
-Q F
2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
+(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 268.8 Q
+(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 292.8
+Q F
1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
-F
2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 244.8 R .438(If the)
-5.438 F F
2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
+F
1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
+(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 304.8 R .438(If the)
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(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307
-(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 417.6 Q F3
-<ad64>144 429.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2
-(pattern)2.5 E F3<ad6d>144 441.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
+(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 477.6 Q F1
+<ad64>144 489.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2
+(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 501.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)
--2.5 E F3<ad73>144 453.6 Q F0
+-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0
(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E
-F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 465.6 Q F2
-(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 482.4 Q F2(n)A F3(])A
-(history \255c)108 494.4 Q(history \255d)108 506.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
--.18 E F3(history \255anrw)108 518.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A
-F3(history \255p)108 530.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 542.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
+F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 525.6 Q F2
+(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 542.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
+(history \255c)108 554.4 Q(history \255d)108 566.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
+-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A
+F1(history \255p)108 590.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
+(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 602.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144
-554.4 S .752
+614.4 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
-.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 566.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
+.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
+G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 626.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
-(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(HISTTIMEFOR-)
-2.881 E(MA)144 578.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
+(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-)
+2.881 E(MA)144 638.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2
(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019
-(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 590.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
+(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 650.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
-(time stamp and the history line.)144 602.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
+(time stamp and the history line.)144 662.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
-(not, the v)144 614.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
+(not, the v)144 674.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 626.4 Q F0
-(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F3<ad64>144
-638.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
-180 650.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F3<ad61>144 662.4 Q F0 .598
-(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598
-(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599
-(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)180 674.4 Q F0
-(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 686.4 Q F0 .854(Rea\
-d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\
-urrent history list.)24.74 F .772
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 698.4 R
-.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
-(sion.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725
-E 0 Cg EP
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 686.4 Q F0
+(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144
+698.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
+180 710.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
+(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \214\
-le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144 96 Q
-F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 .626(Perform history substitution on the follo)
-24.74 F(wing)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 .598(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E
+(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598
+(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599
+(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 96 Q F0
+(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F0 .854(Read \
+the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\
+rent history list.)24.74 F .772
+(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R
+.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
+(sion.)180 132 Q F1<ad72>144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
+\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144
+156 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15
+(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)
+-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 168 Q F0 .626
+(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625
(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180
-120 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475
+180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475
E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 132 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 144 Q F0 .363
+(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0 .363
(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)
+(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 172.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 184.8 R .669
+.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669
(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
-(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 196.8 R .956
+(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 208.8 R .416
+(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 268.8 R .416
(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\
ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\
-, an in)144 220.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is)
-3 E(supplied as an ar)144 2
32.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5
+, an in)144 280.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is)
+3 E(supplied as an ar)144 2
92.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5
(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15
E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108
-249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5
-E F1(jobs \255x)108 261.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)
--.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 273.6 Q .3
+309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5
+E F1(jobs \255x)108 321.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)
+-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 333.6 Q .3
-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 285.6 Q F0
+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
-<ad6e>144 297.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)
+<ad6e>144 357.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)
24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F
-.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 3
09.6 Q F1<ad70>144
-321.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
-(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 333.6 Q F0
-(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 345.6 Q F0
-(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 362.4 Q F2(jobspec)
+.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 3
69.6 Q F1<ad70>144
+381.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
+(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 393.6 Q F0
+(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 405.6 Q F0
+(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 422.4 Q F2(jobspec)
4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
--.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 374.4 Q -.25
+-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 434.4 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 391.2 R F1
+E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 451.2 R F1
<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394
-(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 403.2 Q
+(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 463.2 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E
-F1(kill)108 4
20 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
+F1(kill)108 4
80 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
-(kill \255l)108 432 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
-(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 444 R F2
+(kill \255l)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
+(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 504 R F2
(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119
(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2
(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319
-(either a case-insensiti)144 456 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
+(either a case-insensiti)144 516 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 468 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 528 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 480 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F
+1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 540 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
-.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 492 R .28
+.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 552 R .28
(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2
--.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 504 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1
+-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 564 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1
<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 516 R
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 576 R
F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F
-(occurs or an in)144 528 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25
-E F1(let)108 544.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Each)144 556.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197
+(occurs or an in)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25
+E F1(let)108 604.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Each)144 616.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197
(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855
(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F
-(the last)144 568.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
+(the last)144 628.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1(local)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)
--2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 597.6 S
+2.5 E F1(local)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)
+-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 657.6 S
2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06
(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)
2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0
-.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 609.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
+.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 669.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-621.6 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
+681.6 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 633.6 Q F0 1.165
+(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 693.6 Q F0 1.165
(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
-(within a function.)144 645.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
+(within a function.)144 705.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144
-657.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(logout)108 674.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 691.2
-Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2
-(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>
--2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 703.2 S
-(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>
--2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2
-(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351
-(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 715.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E
-(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor)
--2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 727.2 R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0
-1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
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-.871(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 172.8 R 5.871
+.871(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 230.4 R 5.871
(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172
-.15(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144
-184.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 196.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\
+242.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 254.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\
ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 208.8 Q F2(+)144 220.8 Q F1(n)A F0
+(only the stack is manipulated.)180 266.4 Q F2(+)144 278.4 Q F1(n)A F0
1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
--.25 F F2(dirs)180 232.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 244.8 Q F1(n)A F0
+-.25 F F2(dirs)180 290.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 302.4 Q F1(n)A F0
.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)180 256.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 268.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0
+F F2(dirs)180 314.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
+-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 326.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 285.6
+G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 343.2
R F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs)
2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 297.6 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
+(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 355.2 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0
1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
-309.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
+367.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F
-(speci\214ed ne)144 321.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 350.4 R .845
+(speci\214ed ne)144 379.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
+(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 396 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 408 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-362.4 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2
-.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-
(enabled. If)144 374.4 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
+420 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181
+(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set)
+2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If)
+
144 432 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 386.4 R -.25(va)
--.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 398.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 415.2 S
-(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E F1
-(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817
-(][)C F2<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad6e>
--3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.816 E
-F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E F1(pr)
-3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0
-3.816(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 427.2 Q F1(name)A
-F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\
-e \214le descriptor)144 439.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)
-3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144
451.2 Q F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 444 R -.25(va)
+-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 456 Q F2 -.18(re)108 472.8 S(ad)
+.18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E F1(aname)
+3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2
+<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad6e>-3.817 E F1
+(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.816 E F1(nc)
+3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E F1(pr)3.816 E
+(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816
+(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 484.8 Q F1(name)A F0
+(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \
+\214le descriptor)144 496.8 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)
+3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144
508.8 Q F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038
(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst)
-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039
(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42
-(and so on, with lefto)144 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
+(and so on, with lefto)144 520.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 475.2 R .54(wer w)-.25
+.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 532.8 R .54(wer w)-.25
F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
-are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 487.2 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
+are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 499.2 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
+(be used to remo)144 556.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 511.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 523.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 535.2 R 1.049
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 580.8 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
+180 592.8 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
-.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F1(aname)180.33 547.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+F1(aname)180.33 604.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 559.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E
-F0(The \214rst character of)180 571.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 616.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E
+F0(The \214rst character of)180 628.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F2<ad65>144 583.2 Q F0 .372
+F2<ad65>144 640.8 Q F0 .372
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re)
2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 595.2 R .218
+(to obtain the line.)180 652.8 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
-F2<ad69>144 619.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715
+(acti)180 664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
+F2<ad69>144 676.8 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715
G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)
2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E
-.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 6
31.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144
-643.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 655.2 S(ad).18 E
+.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 6
88.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144
+700.8 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 712.8 S(ad).18 E
F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394
-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 667.2 Q
+(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 724.8 Q
(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
-(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-<ad4e>144 679.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 691.2 S
-(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc)
-3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 703.2 R F2 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 715.2
-R F2 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F1(nc)
-3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 727.2 Q
+(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 13 13
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E(ompt)
--.45 E F0(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5
-(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad4e>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
+E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)
+3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269
+(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
+G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
+5.274 F 1.002
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 120 R
+F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 132 Q F1<ad70>144 144 Q
+F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 156 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
+F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
+(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
+-.25 F(an)180 168 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 120 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+<ad72>144 180 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 132 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 192 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 144 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 156 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 168 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
+<ad74>144 216 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 180 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+180 240 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 192 R .576(This option is only ef)
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 252 R .576(This option is only ef)
5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 204 R .142
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 264 R .142
(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
-F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 216 S(ad).18 E
+F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 276 S(ad).18 E
F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113
(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113
-(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 228 Q
+(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 288 Q
(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15
-E F1<ad75>144 240 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
-14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 256.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
+E F1<ad75>144 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
+14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)
-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 268.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F
-(128\), or an in)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(128\), or an in)144 340.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 297.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 357.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
-F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2
+F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2
(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 321.6 R
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 381.6 R
1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 333.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 393.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 345.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038
+-.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 405.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038
(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08
-(of all readonly names is printed.)144
357.6 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E
+(of all readonly names is printed.)144
417.6 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E
F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F
-1.177(be reused as input.)144 369.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176
+1.177(be reused as input.)144 429.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 381.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 441.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C
1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206
(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206
-(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 393.6 S(lid shell v).25 E
+(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 453.6 S(lid shell v).25 E
(ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2
-(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 410.4 S
+(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 470.4 S
(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587
-(Causes a function to e)144 422.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
+(Causes a function to e)144 482.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587
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+1.136
+(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
+-.15 F -.15(ex)224 108 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
+(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 120 Q F0
+2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
+2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
+(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 132 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 144 Q(vileged)
+-.1 E F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 168 S
+(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 180 Q F0
+1.466(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965
+(ace. This)-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F
+(interf)224 192 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0
+(.)A F1(xtrace)184 204 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184
+222 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2
(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
-174 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0
+234 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0
3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071
(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
186 Q F1<ad70>
-144 198 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
246 Q F1<ad70>
+144 258 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)
-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501
-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 210 R 1.5
+(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 270 R 1.5
(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3
--.27(BA)184 222 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
+-.27(BA)184 282 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G
.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 234 R .38
+(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 294 R .38
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184
246 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184
306 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 258 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 318 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 270 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 330 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 282 Q F1<ad74>144 294 Q F0
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 342 Q F1<ad74>144 354 Q F0
(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15
-E F1<ad75>144 306 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
+E F1<ad75>144 366 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an)
--.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 318 R 2.682
+-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 378 R 2.682
(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 330 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(able or parameter)184 390 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-342 Q F1<ad76>144 354 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
--.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 366 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
+402 Q F1<ad76>144 414 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
+-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 426 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E
-F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 378 R F1
+F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 438 R F1
-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)
-3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 390 Q
+3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 450 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 402 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+<ad42>144 462 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 414 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 426 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 474 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 486 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
-3.053(tors. This)184 438 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+3.053(tors. This)184 498 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 450 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 462 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+.15 F(tor)184 510 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 522 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 474 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .838(mands e)184 534 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 486 Q F1
-<ad48>144 498 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 546 Q F1
+<ad48>144 558 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 510 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 522 Q F0 1.164
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 570 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 582 Q F0 1.164
(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 534 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(that change the current w)184 594 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 546 R(def)2.685
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 606 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
558 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-570 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
618 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+630 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 582 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 594 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 606 Q
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 654 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 666 Q
F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 618 Q F2
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 678 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-630 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
+690 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
-1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 642 R
+1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 702 R
F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 654 Q .425(The options are of)144
-670.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 714 Q .425(The options are of)144
+730.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 682.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
-(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 694.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
-5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 706.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E
-(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72
+768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 16 16
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A
-F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 96 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429
-(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428
-(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 108 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0
-(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 120 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06
-(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)
-5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)
-C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 132 R .144
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .178
+(to be turned of)144 84 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+(current set of options may be found in)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)
+-.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 108 Q F1(shift)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144
+136.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)
+2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F
+(bers)144 148.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)
+2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082
+(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
+.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)
+-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 160.8
+R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06
+(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06
+(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143
+(positional parameters are not changed.)144 172.8 R .144
(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144
(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 144 Q F1(shopt)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5
-E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)-2.5 E
-F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 172.8 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222(alues of v)
--.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1<ad70>2.722
-E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an \
-indication of whether or not each is set.)144 184.8 R(The)144 196.8 Q F1
-<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displayed in a form th\
-at may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)5.327 F(ha)144
-208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>
-144 220.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1<ad71>144 244.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\
-\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.504 E
-F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 256.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2
-(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 268.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 280.8 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
-(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 297.6 R F1
-<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no)
-2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 184.8 Q F1(shopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 213.6 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
+(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
+<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 225.6 R(The)
+144 237.6 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
+5.327 F(ha)144 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 261.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 273.6 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 285.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
+(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 297.6 R .256
+(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
+(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
+<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
+(all)180 309.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 321.6 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127
+(If either)144 338.4 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0
+.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
+(are set or unset, respecti)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0
-1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 321.6 Q(ault.)
+1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 362.4 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-338.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
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4.045 F .696
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(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33
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-192 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 204 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F
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F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654
(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
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(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
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(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
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--.1(wa)184 288 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
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-(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 324 Q F1
-(nocaseglob)144 336 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 348 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436
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-H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 360 S
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--3.355 E -.15(ex)184 432 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv)
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-(If set, the programmable completion f)184 456 R .677(acilities \(see)
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 468 Q
-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 480 Q(omptv)
--.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 492 R 1.448
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(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)
--.15 F -.15(ex)184 504 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15
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G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)
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-(This option is enabled by def)184 516 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 528
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S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
-184 540 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 552 Q 4.178
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(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F
1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe)
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(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 600 Q F1(sour)
-144 612 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 624 R F1(sour)3.271 E
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(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar)
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+144 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15
(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15
-(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.65 G
+(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G
(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188
-(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 108 R 3.688
+(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 156 R 3.688
(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F
-1.889(described abo)144 120 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9
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-(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786
-(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .785
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+(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
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(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5
-(dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
+(dence. The)144 210 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
(luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65
-(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 174 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G
-(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()
-144 186 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
-F .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26
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+(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()
+144 234 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
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(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 198 Q F2 -.2(ex)
-144 210 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 222 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
--.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 234 S(pr1).2 E
-F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 246 S
-(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
-(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 262.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E
+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 246 Q F3 -.2(ex)
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+(Tr)180 270 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
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+(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G
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F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 280.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
-180 292.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 304.8 S -.18
-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 316.8 Q
+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 328.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
+180 340.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 352.8 S -.18
+(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 364.8 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 328.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
-180 340.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
+E 2.5(2a)144 376.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
+180 388.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 352.8 R .38
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 400.8 R .38
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 364.8 Q .553
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 412.8 Q .553
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 376.8 Q
+(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 424.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 388.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 400.8 R .023
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 448.8 R .023
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
-.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 412.8 Q
+.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 460.8 Q
1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513
-(using the \214rst and third ar)180 424.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
+(using the \214rst and third ar)180 472.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
-.18 F(The)5.513 E F1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0
.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
-(binary operators when there are three ar)180 436.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
+(binary operators when there are three ar)180 484.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
-.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0
-3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 448.8
+3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 496.8
R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18
-F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 460.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
+F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 508.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875
(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874
(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
-180 472.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)
--.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 484.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384
-(If the \214rst ar)180 496.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
+180 520.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)
+-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 532.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384
+(If the \214rst ar)180 544.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385
(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)
--.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 508.8 R 4.147
+-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 556.8 R 4.147
(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
-(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 520.8 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 532.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)
--.18 E 1.635(The e)180 544.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F
+(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 568.8 Q -.15(ve)
+-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 580.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)
+-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 592.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
-556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 573.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \
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(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
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(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
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(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
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--.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
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4<ad70>2.613 E
-F0(and)144
364.8 Q F4<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
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2(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F4<ad61>2.944
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1<ad70>2.613 E
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418.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
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4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944
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-(cutable named).15 F F3(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
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(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
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388.8 R F4<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+144
442.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
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-(consulted when using)144 4
00.8 R F4<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
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4<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
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54.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
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1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
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(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
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-(The)5.943 E F
4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
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1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
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(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
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-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F
4<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F
4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
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1<ad48>2.926 E
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1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
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(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 501.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 555.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 567.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 5
25.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 5
79.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 537.6 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4
-<ad61>144
549.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F4<ad62>144
-561.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F4<ad63>144 573.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F4<ad64>144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 597.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F4<ad66>144 609.6 Q
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 591.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
+<ad61>144
603.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
+615.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F1<ad63>144 627.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F1<ad64>144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 651.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 663.6 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F4<ad69>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F4<ad6c>144 633.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 645.6 Q F0
+26.97 E F1<ad69>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 699.6 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 657.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 711.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-669.6 Q F4<ad70>144 681.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F4
-<ad71>144 693.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F4<ad72>144
-705.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F4<ad73>144
-717.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
-(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+723.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 96 Q F0
-(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 108 Q F0 .47
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
+<ad71>144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 108 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144 120 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+132 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+144 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 156 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 120
-Q F1<ad78>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
-<ad54>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 160.8 Q
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 168
+Q F1<ad78>144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 208.8 Q
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
-144
172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
+144
220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 184.8
+<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 232.8
Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 196.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+3.787(ues. The)144 244.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-208.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+256.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 285.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-261.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 297.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+309.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 321.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .552
+(mode)144.38 333.6 Q F0 .552
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 345.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 362.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 374.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.107
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 403.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 415.2 S 3.107
(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 379.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 427.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 391.2 Q F0 .46
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 439.2 Q F0 .46
(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 403.2 R .902
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 451.2 R .902
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.903 E(an)144 415.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 463.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)
6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3
(HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144
-427.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81
+475.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81
G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272
(ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G
2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently)
--2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 439.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
+-2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 487.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
(it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E
-(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
-(Wa)144 468 S .288
+(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
+(Wa)144 516 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 480 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 528 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0
-(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 540 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 504 R .457
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 552 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 516 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 564 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 532.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-544.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 580.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+592.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Tue Jun 1 11:58:36 2010
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 7 16:18:58 2010
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sun May 30 17:03:21 EDT 2010
+@set LASTCHANGE Sat Jun 12 15:35:23 EDT 2010
@set EDITION 4.1
@set VERSION 4.1
-@set UPDATED 30 May 2010
-@set UPDATED-MONTH May 2010
+@set UPDATED 12 June 2010
+@set UPDATED-MONTH June 2010
Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sat May 29 21:00:00 EDT 2010
+@set LASTCHANGE Sun May 30 17:03:21 EDT 2010
@set EDITION 4.1
@set VERSION 4.1
-@set UPDATED 29 May 2010
+@set UPDATED 30 May 2010
@set UPDATED-MONTH May 2010
#!/bin/bash
#
-# The Bash shell script executes a command with a time-out.
-# Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If the signal
+# The Bash script executes a command with a time-out.
+# Based on the Bash documentation example.
+#
+# Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If the signal
# is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it.
+# Dmitry V Golovashkin (E-mail: dvg@ieee.org)
#
-# Based on the Bash documentation example.
+script_name="${0##*/}"
-# Hello Chet,
-# please find attached a "little easier" :-) to comprehend
-# time-out example. If you find it suitable, feel free to include
-# anywhere: the very same logic as in the original examples/scripts, a
-# little more transparent implementation to my taste.
-#
-# Dmitry V Golovashkin <Dmitry.Golovashkin@sas.com>
+# Default values.
+readonly param_timeout=5
+readonly param_interval=1
+readonly param_delay=1
-scriptName="${0##*/}"
+declare -i timeout=param_timeout
+declare -i interval=param_interval
+declare -i delay=param_delay
-declare -i DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=9
-declare -i DEFAULT_INTERVAL=1
-declare -i DEFAULT_DELAY=1
+blue="$(tput setaf 4)"
+bold_red="$(tput bold; tput setaf 1)"
+off="$(tput sgr0)"
-# Timeout.
-declare -i timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
-# Interval between checks if the process is still alive.
-declare -i interval=DEFAULT_INTERVAL
-# Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the process by SIGKILL.
-declare -i delay=DEFAULT_DELAY
+function print_usage() {
+cat <<EOF
-function printUsage() {
- cat <<EOF
+Synopsis: $script_name [-t timeout] [-i interval] [-d delay] command
-Synopsis
- $scriptName [-t timeout] [-i interval] [-d delay] command
- Execute a command with a time-out.
- Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If SIGTERM
- signal is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it.
+Executes the command with a time-out. Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is
+sent to the process. If SIGTERM signal is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL
+(9) terminates it.
- -t timeout
- Number of seconds to wait for command completion.
- Default value: $DEFAULT_TIMEOUT seconds.
+$blue-t timeout$off
+ Number of seconds to wait for command completion.
+ Default value: $param_timeout seconds. In some practical situations
+ this value ${bold_red}must$off be increased (for instance -t 180) to allow
+ the command to complete.
- -i interval
- Interval between checks if the process is still alive.
- Positive integer, default value: $DEFAULT_INTERVAL seconds.
+$blue-i interval$off
+ Interval between checks if the process is still alive.
+ Positive integer, default value: $param_interval seconds.
+ Default value is OK for most situations.
- -d delay
- Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the
- process by SIGKILL. Default value: $DEFAULT_DELAY seconds.
+$blue-d delay$off
+ Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the process by
+ SIGKILL. Default value: $param_delay seconds.
+ Default value is OK for most situations.
As of today, Bash does not support floating point arithmetic (sleep does),
-therefore all delay/time values must be integers.
+therefore all time values must be integers.
+Dmitry Golovashkin (E-mail: dvg@ieee.org)
EOF
+exit 1 # No useful work was done.
}
# Options.
t) timeout=$OPTARG ;;
i) interval=$OPTARG ;;
d) delay=$OPTARG ;;
- *) printUsage; exit 1 ;;
+ *) print_usage ;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))
# $# should be at least 1 (the command to execute), however it may be strictly
# greater than 1 if the command itself has options.
if (($# == 0 || interval <= 0)); then
- printUsage
- exit 1
+ print_usage
fi
-# kill -0 pid Exit code indicates if a signal may be sent to $pid process.
+# kill -0 pid Exit code indicates if a signal may be sent to "pid" process.
(
((t = timeout))
) 2> /dev/null &
exec "$@"
+
{
int c;
+ /* For now, disable pager in callback mode, until we later convert to state
+ driven functions. Have to wait until next major version to add new
+ state definition, since it will change value of RL_STATE_DONE. */
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ return 1;
+#endif
+
for (;;)
{
RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
/* Non-zero means that `-' and `_' are equivalent when comparing filenames
for completion. */
-int _rl_completion_case_map = 1;
+int _rl_completion_case_map = 0;
/* If zero, don't match hidden files (filenames beginning with a `.' on
Unix) when doing filename completion. */
within a double-quoted ${...} construct "an even number of
unescaped double-quotes or single-quotes, if any, shall occur." */
/* This was changed in Austin Group Interp 221 */
- if MBTEST(posixly_correct && /*shell_compatibility_level > 41 &&*/ dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (flags & P_DQUOTE) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE) && ch == '\'')
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41 && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (flags & P_DQUOTE) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE) && ch == '\'')
continue;
/* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
unescaped double-quotes or single-quotes, if any, shall occur." */
/* This was changed in Austin Group Interp 221 */
if MBTEST(posixly_correct && /*shell_compatibility_level > 41 &&*/ dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (flags & P_DQUOTE) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE) && ch == '\'')
-{
-itrace("parse_matched_pair: found single quote in double-quoted dolbrace");
continue;
-}
/* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
inside old-style command substitution. */
regexp `^#define[ ]*PATCHLEVEL', since that's what support/mkversion.sh
looks for to find the patch level (for the sccs version string). */
-#define PATCHLEVEL 7
+#define PATCHLEVEL 0
#endif /* _PATCHLEVEL_H_ */
/* patchlevel.h -- current bash patch level */
-/* Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-30 08:25-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-03-14 16:16+0800\n"
-"Last-Translator:
Xin Ye <alyex.ye@gmail.com>\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-06-13 14:31+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator:
Alyex.ye <alyex.ye@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese (simplified) <i18n-zh@googlegroups.com>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
#: builtins/break.def:137
msgid "only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop"
-msgstr "仅在`for', `while', 或者`until' 循环中有意义"
+msgstr "仅在`for'， `while'， 或者`until' 循环中有意义"
#: builtins/caller.def:133
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"返回当前子例程调用的上下文\n"
" \n"
-" 不带 EXPR 时, 返回"
+" 不带 EXPR 时， 返回"
#: builtins/caller.def:135
msgid ""
". With EXPR, returns\n"
" "
msgstr ""
-". 带有 EXPR 时, 返回\n"
+". 带有 EXPR 时， 返回\n"
" "
#: builtins/caller.def:136
" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n"
" current one; the top frame is frame 0."
msgstr ""
+"; 这个额外信息可被用于\n"
+" 提供栈追踪.\n"
+" \n"
+" EXPR 的值显示了回到当前调用帧之前\n"
+" 的调用帧书目; 栈顶帧是第0帧."
#: builtins/cd.def:215
msgid "HOME not set"
#: builtins/complete.def:853
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no completion specification"
-msgstr "%s: 没有补完声名"
+msgstr "%s: 没有补完声明"
#: builtins/complete.def:696
msgid "warning: -F option may not work as you expect"
"A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
+"这些 shell 命令是内部定义的。请输入 `help' 以获取一个列表.\n"
+"输入 `help 名称' 以得到有关函数`名称'的更多信息.\n"
+"使用 `info bash' 来获得关于 shell 的更多一般性信息\n"
+"使用 `man -k' 或 `info' 来获取不在列表中的命令的更多信息.\n"
+"\n"
+"名称旁边的星号 (*) 意味着该命令被禁用.\n"
+"\n"
#: builtins/history.def:154
msgid "cannot use more than one of -anrw"
" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero."
msgstr ""
+"显示当前记住的目录列表. 目录\n"
+" 通过 `pushd' 命令加入这个列表; 您可以\n"
+" 使用 `popd' 命令对列表进行遍历.\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项:\n"
+" -c\t删除所有元素以清除目录栈\n"
+" -l\t不打印与家目录相关的以波浪号\n"
+" \t为前缀的目录\n"
+" -p\t每行一个条目打印目录栈\n"
+" -v\t以栈位置为前缀，每行一个条目\n"
+" \t打印目录栈\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数:\n"
+" +N\t以 dirs 不带选项输出的顺序显示列表从左起第N个条目，\n"
+" \t从 0 开始.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\t以 dirs 不带选项输出的顺序显示列表从右起第N个项目，\n"
+"\t从 0 开始."
#: builtins/pushd.def:705
msgid ""
" \n"
" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack."
msgstr ""
+"在目录栈顶部加入一个目录， 或者轮转\n"
+" 目录栈, 是当前工作目录成为新的栈顶\n"
+" 不带参数时，交换栈顶的两个目录.\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -n\t抑制增加栈中目录时通常的改变目录的操作，\n"
+" \t从而只有栈被操作。\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" +N\t轮转栈使得第N个目录（`dirs' 的\n"
+" \t输出列表中左起，从0开始）\n"
+" \t升至栈顶。\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\t轮转栈使得第N个目录（`dirs' 的\n"
+" \t输出列表中右起，从0开始）\n"
+" \t升至栈顶\n"
+" \n"
+" dir\t添加目录至栈顶，并\n"
+" \t使其成为新的当前工作目录。\n"
+" \n"
+" `dirs' 内嵌命令显示目录栈."
#: builtins/pushd.def:730
msgid ""
" \n"
" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack."
msgstr ""
+"从目录栈中删除条目。不带参数时，删除\n"
+" 栈顶目录并改变至新的栈顶目录。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -n\t抑制从栈中删除目录时通常的改变目录操作，\n"
+" \t从而只有栈被操作。\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" +N\t从 `dirs' 输出的列表中，\n"
+" \t删除左起第N个条目，计数从0开始。例如：`popd +0'\n"
+" \t删除第一个目录， `popd +1' 删除第二个。\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\t从 `dirs' 输出的列表中，\n"
+" \t删除右起第N个条目，计数从0开始，例如：`popd -0'\n"
+" \t删除最后一个条目， `popd -1' 删除倒数第二个。\n"
+" \n"
+" `dirs' 内嵌变量显示目录栈。"
#: builtins/read.def:252
#, c-format
#: jobs.c:466
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "start_pipeline: 进程组管道"
#: jobs.c:887
#, c-format
#: jobs.c:1005
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "删除进程组 %2$ld 中已停止的任务 %1$d"
#: jobs.c:1110
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "add_process: 进程 %5ld(%s) 进入 the_pipeline"
#: jobs.c:1113
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "add_process: 进程号 %5ld(%s) 标注为仍活着"
#: jobs.c:1401
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: 无此进程号"
#: jobs.c:1416
#, c-format
#: jobs.c:1549
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(吐核)"
#: jobs.c:1568
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(工作目录：%s)"
#: jobs.c:1776
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "子进程 setpgid (%ld 到 %ld)"
#: jobs.c:2104 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "wait: 进程号 %ld 不是当前 shell 的子进程"
#: jobs.c:2331
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "wiat_for: 没有进程 %ld 的记录"
#: jobs.c:2607
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "wait_for_job: 任务 %d 已停止"
#: jobs.c:2829
#, c-format
#: jobs.c:3059
msgid "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "waitchld: 打开 WNOHANG 以避免无限阻塞"
#: jobs.c:3508
#, c-format
#: jobs.c:3522 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(吐核)"
#: jobs.c:3534 jobs.c:3547
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(当前工作目录：%s)\n"
#: jobs.c:3579
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: getpgrp 失败"
#: jobs.c:3639
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: 行规则"
#: jobs.c:3649
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
#: jobs.c:3677
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法设定终端进程组 (%d)"
#: jobs.c:3682
msgid "no job control in this shell"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:296
#, c-format
msgid "malloc: failed assertion: %s\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "malloc: 断言失败: %s\n"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:312
#, c-format
"\r\n"
"malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched\r\n"
msgstr ""
+"\r\n"
+"malloc: %s:%d: 断言已修补\r\n"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:313
msgid "unknown"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:797
msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "malloc: 空闲链表中的块损坏"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:874
msgid "free: called with already freed block argument"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:896
msgid "free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "free: 检测到下溢; mh_nbytes越界"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:902
msgid "free: start and end chunk sizes differ"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "free: 起始和终结块大小不一致"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1001
msgid "realloc: called with unallocated block argument"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1016
msgid "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "realloc: 检测到下溢; mh_nbytes越界"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1022
msgid "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "realloc: 起始和终结块大小不一致"
#: lib/malloc/table.c:177
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "register_alloc: 分配表已经充满了 FIND_ALLOC?\n"
#: lib/malloc/table.c:184
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "register_alloc: %p 在表中显示为已分配?\n"
#: lib/malloc/table.c:220
#, c-format
msgid "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "register_free: %p 在表中显示为已释放?\n"
#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:101
msgid "invalid base"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无效的基"
#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168
#, c-format
#: lib/sh/netopen.c:175
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid service"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 无效的服务"
#: lib/sh/netopen.c:306
#, c-format
#: locale.c:192
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改变区域选项 (%s)"
#: locale.c:194
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: 无法改变区域选项 (%s): %s"
#: locale.c:247
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "setlocale: %s: 无法改变区域选项 (%s)"
#: locale.c:249
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "setlocale: %s: 无法改变区域选项 (%s): %s"
#: mailcheck.c:433
msgid "You have mail in $_"
#: make_cmd.c:323
msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "语法错误: 需要算数表达式"
#: make_cmd.c:325
msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected"
#: make_cmd.c:575
#, c-format
msgid "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "make_here_document: 坏的指令类型 %d"
#: make_cmd.c:659
#, c-format
msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "立即文档在第 %d 行被文件结束符分隔 (需要 `%s')"
#: make_cmd.c:756
#, c-format
msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "make_redirection: 重定向指令 `%d' 越界"
#: parse.y:3133 parse.y:3369
#, c-format
#: pcomplib.c:179
#, c-format
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: 空的补完声明"
#: print_cmd.c:290
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "print_command: 坏的条件连接符 `%d'"
#: print_cmd.c:363
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "xtrace_set: %d: 无效的文件描述符"
#: print_cmd.c:368
msgid "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "xtrace_set: 空的文件指针"
#: print_cmd.c:372
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
#: print_cmd.c:1461
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "cprintf: `%c': 无效的格式字符"
#: redir.c:110
msgid "file descriptor out of range"
#: redir.c:180
#, c-format
msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法为立即文档创建临时文件: %s"
#: redir.c:184
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign fd to variable"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 无法将文件描述符赋值给变量"
#: redir.c:544
msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
#: redir.c:1101
msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "重定向错误: 无法复制文件描述符"
#: shell.c:332
msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!"
"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n"
"\t%s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ...\n"
msgstr ""
+"用法：\t%s [GNU 长选项] [选项] ...\n"
+"\t%s [GNU 长选项] [选项] 脚本文件 ...\n"
#: shell.c:1796
msgid "GNU long options:\n"
#: shell.c:1801
msgid "\t-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "\t-irsD 或 -c 命令 或 -O shopt选项\t\t(仅适合调用)\n"
#: shell.c:1816
#, c-format
msgid "\t-%s or -o option\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "\t-%s 或 -o 选项\n"
#: shell.c:1822
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "请输入`%s -c \"help set\"' 以获得关于 shell 选项的更多信息\n"
#: shell.c:1823
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "请输入 `%s -c help' 以获得关于 shell 内嵌命令的更多信息.\n"
#: shell.c:1824
#, c-format
msgid "Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "请使用`bashbug' 命令来报告错误.\n"
#: sig.c:626
#, c-format
msgid "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "sigprocmask: %d: 无效的操作"
#: siglist.c:48
msgid "Bogus signal"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "伪信号"
#: siglist.c:51
msgid "Hangup"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "挂断"
#: siglist.c:55
msgid "Interrupt"
#: siglist.c:67
msgid "BPT trace/trap"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "断点追踪/陷阱"
#: siglist.c:75
msgid "ABORT instruction"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "放弃指令"
#: siglist.c:79
msgid "EMT instruction"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "模拟器陷阱指令"
#: siglist.c:83
msgid "Floating point exception"
#: siglist.c:115
msgid "Urgent IO condition"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "紧急输入输出情形"
#: siglist.c:119
msgid "Stopped (signal)"
#: siglist.c:151
msgid "CPU limit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "CPU 限制"
#: siglist.c:155
msgid "File limit"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "文件限制"
#: siglist.c:159
msgid "Alarm (virtual)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "报警(虚拟)"
#: siglist.c:163
msgid "Alarm (profile)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "报警(总结)"
#: siglist.c:167
msgid "Window changed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "窗口改变"
#: siglist.c:171
msgid "Record lock"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "记录锁"
#: siglist.c:175
msgid "User signal 1"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "用户定义信号1"
#: siglist.c:179
msgid "User signal 2"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "用户定义信号2"
#: siglist.c:183
msgid "HFT input data pending"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "HFT输入数据挂起"
#: siglist.c:187
msgid "power failure imminent"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "即将停电"
#: siglist.c:191
msgid "system crash imminent"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "系统即将崩溃"
#: siglist.c:195
msgid "migrate process to another CPU"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "迁移进程至另一个CPU"
#: siglist.c:199
msgid "programming error"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "程序错误"
#: siglist.c:203
msgid "HFT monitor mode granted"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "HFT显示器模式授与"
#: siglist.c:207
msgid "HFT monitor mode retracted"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "HFT显示器模式撤销"
#: siglist.c:211
msgid "HFT sound sequence has completed"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "HFT声音序列已完成"
#: siglist.c:215
msgid "Information request"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "状态请求"
#: siglist.c:223
msgid "Unknown Signal #"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "未知信号 #"
#: siglist.c:225
#, c-format
msgid "Unknown Signal #%d"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "未知信号 #%d"
#: subst.c:1333 subst.c:1454
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "坏的替换:在 %2$s 中没有闭合的 `%1$s'"
#: subst.c:2735
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign list to array member"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 无法将链表赋值给数组成员"
#: subst.c:4754 subst.c:4770
msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法为进程替换创建管道"
#: subst.c:4802
msgid "cannot make child for process substitution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法为进程替换创建子进程"
#: subst.c:4847
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法打开命名管道 %s 进行读取"
#: subst.c:4849
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法打开命名管道 %s 进行写入"
#: subst.c:4867
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法将命名管道 %s 作为文件描述符 %d 复制"
#: subst.c:5063
msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法为命令替换创建管道"
#: subst.c:5097
msgid "cannot make child for command substitution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无法为命令替换创建子进程"
#: subst.c:5114
msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "command_substitute: 无法将管道复制为文件描述符1"
#: subst.c:5617
#, c-format
msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 参数为空或未设置"
#: subst.c:5907
#, c-format
msgid "%s: substring expression < 0"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 子串表达式 < 0"
#: subst.c:6965
#, c-format
msgid "%s: bad substitution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 坏的替换"
#: subst.c:7045
#, c-format
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "$%s: 无法这样赋值"
#: subst.c:7374
msgid "future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "未来版本的 shell 会强制估值为算数替换"
#: subst.c:7839
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "坏的替换:在 %s 中没有闭合的 \"`\""
#: subst.c:8720
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "没有匹配: %s"
#: test.c:146
msgid "argument expected"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "期待参数"
#: test.c:155
#, c-format
msgid "%s: integer expression expected"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 期待整数表达式"
#: test.c:263
msgid "`)' expected"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "期待 `)'"
#: test.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "`)' expected, found %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "期待`)' ， 得到 %s"
#: test.c:280 test.c:693 test.c:696
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unary operator expected"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 期待一元表达式"
#: test.c:449 test.c:736
#, c-format
msgid "%s: binary operator expected"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 期待二元表达式"
#: test.c:811
msgid "missing `]'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "缺少 `]'"
#: trap.c:203
msgid "invalid signal number"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "无效的信号编号"
#: trap.c:327
#, c-format
msgid "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "run_pending_traps: trap_list[%d] 中的坏值: %p"
#: trap.c:331
#, c-format
msgid "run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "run_pending_traps: 信号处理器是 SIG_DFL， 重新发送 %d (%s) 给自己"
#: trap.c:380
#, c-format
msgid "trap_handler: bad signal %d"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "trap_handler: 坏的信号 %d"
#: variables.c:363
#, c-format
msgid "error importing function definition for `%s'"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "`%s' 函数定义导入错误"
#: variables.c:748
#, c-format
msgid "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "shell 层次 (%d) 太高， 重置为 1"
#: variables.c:1915
msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "make_local_variable: 当前作用域中没有函数上下文"
#: variables.c:3159
msgid "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "all_local_variables: 当前作用域中没有函数上下文"
#: variables.c:3376
#, c-format
msgid "%s has null exportstr"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s 有空的 exportstr"
#: variables.c:3381 variables.c:3390
#, c-format
msgid "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%2$s 的 exportstr 中有无效的字符 %1$d"
#: variables.c:3396
#, c-format
msgid "no `=' in exportstr for %s"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s 的 exportstr 中没有 `='"
#: variables.c:3835
msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "pop_var_context: shell_variables 的头部不是函数上下文"
#: variables.c:3848
msgid "pop_var_context: no global_variables context"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "pop_var_context: 没有 global_variables 上下文"
#: variables.c:3922
msgid "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "pop_scope: shell_variables 的头部不是临时环境作用域"
#: variables.c:4678
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: %s: 无法作为文件打开"
#: variables.c:4683
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: %s: 追踪文件描述符的值无效"
#: version.c:46
msgid "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "自由软件基金会 版权所有 2009"
#: version.c:47
msgid "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
#: version.c:86 version2.c:83
#, c-format
msgid "GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n"
-msgstr "GNU bash, 版本 %s (%s)\n"
+msgstr "GNU bash， 版本 %s (%s)\n"
#: version.c:91 version2.c:88
#, c-format
#: version.c:92 version2.c:89
#, c-format
msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "在法律允许的范围内没有担保.\n"
#: version2.c:86
#, c-format
msgid "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "自由软件基金会 版权所有 2009\n"
#: version2.c:87
#, c-format
#: xmalloc.c:91
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 无法分配 %lu 字节 (%lu 字节已分配)"
#: xmalloc.c:93
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: 无法分配 %lu 字节"
#: xmalloc.c:163
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: %s:%d: 无法分配 %lu 字节 (%lu 字节已分配)"
#: xmalloc.c:165
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "%s: %s:%d: 无法分配 %lu 字节"
#: builtins.c:43
msgid "alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "alias [-p] [名称[=值] ... ]"
#: builtins.c:47
msgid "unalias [-a] name [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "unalias [-a] 名称 [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:51
msgid "bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m 键映射] [-f 文件名] [-q 名称] [-u 名称] [-r 键序列] [-x 键序列:shell命令] [键序列:行读取函数 或 行读取命令]"
#: builtins.c:54
msgid "break [n]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "break [n]"
#: builtins.c:56
msgid "continue [n]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "continue [n]"
#: builtins.c:58
msgid "builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "builtin [shell 内嵌 [参数 ...]]"
#: builtins.c:61
msgid "caller [expr]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "caller [表达式]"
#: builtins.c:64
msgid "cd [-L|-P] [dir]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "cd [-L|-P] [目录]"
#: builtins.c:66
msgid "pwd [-LP]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "pwd [-LP]"
#: builtins.c:68
msgid ":"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr ":"
#: builtins.c:70
msgid "true"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "真"
#: builtins.c:72
msgid "false"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "伪"
#: builtins.c:74
msgid "command [-pVv] command [arg ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "command [-pVv] 命令 [参数 ...]"
#: builtins.c:76
msgid "declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [名称[=值] ...]"
#: builtins.c:78
msgid "typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] 名称[=值] ..."
#: builtins.c:80
msgid "local [option] name[=value] ..."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "local [option] 名称[=值] ..."
#: builtins.c:83
msgid "echo [-neE] [arg ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "echo [-neE] [参数 ...]"
#: builtins.c:87
msgid "echo [-n] [arg ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "echo [-n] [参数 ...]"
#: builtins.c:90
msgid "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f 文件名] [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:92
msgid "eval [arg ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "eval [参数 ...]"
#: builtins.c:94
msgid "getopts optstring name [arg]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "getopts 选项字符串 名称 [参数]"
#: builtins.c:96
msgid "exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "exec [-cl] [-a 名称] [命令 [参数 ...]] [重定向 ...]"
#: builtins.c:98
msgid "exit [n]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "exit [n]"
#: builtins.c:100
msgid "logout [n]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "logout [n]"
#: builtins.c:103
msgid "fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "fc [-e 编辑器名] [-lnr] [起始] [终结] 或 fc -s [模式=替换串] [命令]"
#: builtins.c:107
msgid "fg [job_spec]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "fg [任务声明]"
#: builtins.c:111
msgid "bg [job_spec ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "bg [任务声明 ...]"
#: builtins.c:114
msgid "hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "hash [-lr] [-p 路径名] [-dt] [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:117
msgid "help [-dms] [pattern ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "help [-dms] [模式 ...]"
#: builtins.c:121
msgid "history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "history [-c] [-d 偏移量] [n] 或 history -anrw [文件名] 或 history -ps 参数 [参数...]"
#: builtins.c:125
msgid "jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "jobs [-lnprs] [任务声明 ...] 或 jobs -x 命令 [参数]"
#: builtins.c:129
msgid "disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "disown [-h] [-ar] [任务声明 ...]"
#: builtins.c:132
msgid "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "kill [-s 信号声明 | -n 信号编号 | -信号声明] 进程号 | 任务声明 ... 或 kill -l [信号声明]"
#: builtins.c:134
msgid "let arg [arg ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "let 参数 [参数 ...]"
#: builtins.c:136
msgid "read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "read [-ers] [-a 数组] [-d 分隔符] [-i 缓冲区文字] [-n 读取字符数] [-N 读取字符数] [-p 提示符] [-t 超时] [-u 文件描述符] [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:138
msgid "return [n]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "return [n]"
#: builtins.c:140
msgid "set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [arg ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o 选项名] [参数 ...]"
#: builtins.c:142
msgid "unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "unset [-f] [-v] [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:144
msgid "export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "export [-fn] [名称[=值] ...] 或 export -p"
#: builtins.c:146
msgid "readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "readonly [-af] [名称[=值] ...] 或 readonly -p"
#: builtins.c:148
msgid "shift [n]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "shift [n]"
#: builtins.c:150
msgid "source filename [arguments]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "source 文件名 [参数]"
#: builtins.c:152
msgid ". filename [arguments]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr ". 文件名 [参数]"
#: builtins.c:155
msgid "suspend [-f]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "suspend [-f]"
#: builtins.c:158
msgid "test [expr]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "test [表达式]"
#: builtins.c:160
msgid "[ arg... ]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "[ 参数... ]"
#: builtins.c:162
msgid "times"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "times"
#: builtins.c:164
msgid "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "trap [-lp] [[参数] 信号声明 ...]"
#: builtins.c:166
msgid "type [-afptP] name [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "type [-afptP] 名称 [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:169
msgid "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [限制]"
#: builtins.c:172
msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [mode]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "umask [-p] [-S] [模式]"
#: builtins.c:175
msgid "wait [id]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "wait [编号]"
#: builtins.c:179
msgid "wait [pid]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "wait [进程号]"
#: builtins.c:182
msgid "for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "for 名称 [in 词语 ... ] ; do 命令; done"
#: builtins.c:184
msgid "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "for (( 表达式1; 表达式2; 表达式3 )); do 命令; done"
#: builtins.c:186
msgid "select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "select NAME [in 词语 ... ;] do 命令; done"
#: builtins.c:188
msgid "time [-p] pipeline"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "time [-p] 管道"
#: builtins.c:190
msgid "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "case 词 in [模式 [| 模式]...) 命令 ;;]... esac"
#: builtins.c:192
msgid "if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "if 命令; then 命令; [ elif 命令; then 命令; ]... [ else 命令; ] fi"
#: builtins.c:194
msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "while 命令; do 命令; done"
#: builtins.c:196
msgid "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "until 命令; do 命令; done"
#: builtins.c:198
msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "coproc [名称] 命令 [重定向]"
#: builtins.c:200
msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "function 名称 { 命令 ; } 或 name () { 命令 ; }"
#: builtins.c:202
msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "{ 命令 ; }"
#: builtins.c:204
msgid "job_spec [&]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "job_spec [&]"
#: builtins.c:206
msgid "(( expression ))"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "(( 表达式 ))"
#: builtins.c:208
msgid "[[ expression ]]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "[[ 表达式 ]]"
#: builtins.c:210
msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "variables - 一些 shell 变量的名称和含义"
#: builtins.c:213
msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | 目录]"
#: builtins.c:217
msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
#: builtins.c:221
msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
#: builtins.c:224
msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [选项名 ...]"
#: builtins.c:226
msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "printf [-v var] 格式 [参数]"
#: builtins.c:229
msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o 选项] [-A 动作] [-G 全局模式] [-W 词语列表] [-F 函数] [-C 命令] [-X 过滤模式] [-P 前缀] [-S 后缀] [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:233
msgid "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o 选项] [-A 动作] [-G 全局模式] [-W 词语列表] [-F 函数] [-C 命令] [-X 过滤模式] [-P 前缀] [-S 后缀] [词语]"
#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "compopt [-o|+o 选项] [-DE] [名称 ...]"
#: builtins.c:240
msgid "mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "mapfile [-n 计数] [-O 起始序号] [-s 计数] [-t] [-u fd] [-C 回调] [-c 量子] [数组]"
#: builtins.c:242
msgid "readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "readarray [-n 计数] [-O 起始序号] [-s 计数] [-t] [-u fd] [-C 回调] [-c 量子] [数组]"
#: builtins.c:254
msgid ""
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
+"从别名定义列表中删除每一个“名字‘。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -a\t删除所有的别名定义.\n"
+" \n"
+" 返回成功，除非“名字“不是一个已存在的别名。"
#: builtins.c:289
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
+"空的命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" 没有效果； 此命令不做任何操作。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 总是成功。"
#: builtins.c:439
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
+"返回一个成功结果。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 总是成功"
#: builtins.c:448
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
+"返回一个不成功的结果。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 总是失败。"
#: builtins.c:457
msgid ""
" \n"
" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
msgstr ""
+"设置变量的值和属性。\n"
+" \n"
+" 废弃。参见 `help declare'。"
#: builtins.c:520
msgid ""
" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n"
" is that of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
+"退出shell。\n"
+" \n"
+" 以状态 N 退出 shell。 如果 N 被省略，则退出状态\n"
+" 为最后一个执行的命令的退出状态。"
#: builtins.c:698
msgid ""
" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed\n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
+"退出一个登录 shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" 以状态 N 退出一个登录 shell。如果不在登录 shell 中执行，则\n"
+" 返回一个错误。"
#: builtins.c:708
msgid ""
" This is a synonym for the \"test\" builtin, but the last argument must\n"
" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
msgstr ""
+"估值条件表达式。\n"
+" \n"
+" 是内嵌命令 \"test\" 的同义词，但是最后一个参数必须是\n"
+" 字符 `]'，以匹配起始的 `['。"
#: builtins.c:1308
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
+"显示进程时间\n"
+" \n"
+" 打印 shell 及其所有子进程的累计用户空间和\n"
+" 系统空间执行时间。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态\n"
+" 总是成功。"
#: builtins.c:1320
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
+"估值算术表达式。\n"
+" \n"
+" 表达式按照算术法则进行估值。\n"
+" 等价于 \"let 表达式\".\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态\n"
+" 如果表达式估值为0则返回 1；否则返回0。"
#: builtins.c:1671
msgid ""
" \n"
" A synonym for `mapfile'."
msgstr ""
+"从一个文件中读取行到数组变量中\n"
+" \n"
+" 一个 `mapfile'的同义词。"
/* print_command -- A way to make readable commands from a command tree. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
int fd;
FILE *fp;
{
+itrace("xtrace_set: fd = %d fp = 0x%x", fd, fp);
if (fd >= 0 && sh_validfd (fd) == 0)
{
internal_error (_("xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"), fd);
void
xtrace_init ()
{
+itrace("xtrace_init");
xtrace_set (-1, stderr);
}
if (c == '\'')
{
/*itrace("extract_dollar_brace_string: c == single quote flags = %d quoted = %d dolbrace_state = %d", flags, quoted, dolbrace_state);*/
- if (posixly_correct && /*shell_compatibility_level > 41 &&*/ dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE)
+ if (posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41 && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE)
ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
else
{
free (temp1);
if (expok == 0)
return (0);
- if (*e2p < 0)
+ if ((vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR || vtype == VT_POSPARMS) && *e2p < 0)
{
internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
return (0);
if (vtype != VT_ARRAYVAR)
#endif
{
- *e2p += *e1p; /* want E2 chars starting at E1 */
+ if (*e2p < 0)
+ {
+ *e2p += len;
+ if (*e2p < 0 || *e2p < *e1p)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
+ return (0);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ *e2p += *e1p; /* want E2 chars starting at E1 */
if (*e2p > len)
*e2p = len;
}
/* ``Have a little faith, there's magic in the night. You ain't a
beauty, but, hey, you're alright.'' */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
free (temp1);
if (expok == 0)
return (0);
- if (*e2p < 0)
+ if ((vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR || vtype == VT_POSPARMS) && *e2p < 0)
{
internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
return (0);
if (vtype != VT_ARRAYVAR)
#endif
{
- *e2p += *e1p; /* want E2 chars starting at E1 */
+ if (*e2p < 0)
+ {
+ *e2p += len;
+ if (*e2p < 0 || *e2p < *e1p)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
+ return (0);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ *e2p += *e1p; /* want E2 chars starting at E1 */
if (*e2p > len)
*e2p = len;
}
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
+BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current
THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
one
two
three
-4.1
+4.2
echo ${BASH_VERSION%\.*}
-4.1
+4.2
echo ${BASH_VERSION%\.*}
[e] abcdefghijklmnOp
[f] abcdefghijklmnoP
a
-0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-2
-5
-8
-11
-14
+0 [0] Abcdefghijklmnop
+
+1 [1] aBcdefghijklmnop
+
+2 [2] abCdefghijklmnop
+
+3 [3] abcDefghijklmnop
+
+4 [4] abcdEfghijklmnop
+
+5 [5] abcdeFghijklmnop
+
+6 [6] abcdefGhijklmnop
+
+7 [7] abcdefgHijklmnop
+
+8 [8] abcdefghIjklmnop
+
+9 [9] abcdefghiJklmnop
+
+10 [a] abcdefghijKlmnop
+
+11 [b] abcdefghijkLmnop
+
+12 [c] abcdefghijklMnop
+
+13 [d] abcdefghijklmNop
+
+14 [e] abcdefghijklmnOp
+
+15 [f] abcdefghijklmnoP
+
+16 a
+2 [2] abCdefghijklmnop
+
+5 [5] abcdeFghijklmnop
+
+8 [8] abcdefghIjklmnop
+
+11 [b] abcdefghijkLmnop
+
+14 [e] abcdefghijklmnOp
+
[0] Abcdefghijklmnop
[1] aBcdefghijklmnop
[2] abCdefghijklmnop
[28] aaa
[29] aaa
1 2 3 4 5
-foo 0
-foo 1
-foo 2
-foo 3
-foo 4
+foo 0 1
+
+foo 1 2
+
+foo 2 3
+
+foo 3 4
+
+foo 4 5
+
shopt -u compat31
shopt -u compat32
shopt -u compat40
+shopt -u compat41
shopt -u dirspell
shopt -u dotglob
shopt -u execfail
shopt -u compat31
shopt -u compat32
shopt -u compat40
+shopt -u compat41
shopt -u dirspell
shopt -u dotglob
shopt -u execfail
compat31 off
compat32 off
compat40 off
+compat41 off
dirspell off
dotglob off
execfail off
/* Get the user's real and effective user ids. */
uidset ();
+ temp_var = find_variable ("BASH_XTRACEFD");
+ if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var))
+ sv_xtracefd (temp_var->name);
+
/* Initialize the dynamic variables, and seed their values. */
initialize_dynamic_variables ();
}
/* variables.c -- Functions for hacking shell variables. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
/* Get the user's real and effective user ids. */
uidset ();
+ temp_var = find_variable ("BASH_XTRACEFD");
+ if (temp_var && imported_p (temp_var))
+ sv_xtracefd (temp_var->name);
+
/* Initialize the dynamic variables, and seed their values. */
initialize_dynamic_variables ();
}
int fd;
FILE *fp;
+itrace("sv_xtracefd: %s", name);
v = find_variable (name);
if (v == 0)
{
/* version.c -- distribution and version numbers. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#endif
const char * const sccs_version = SCCSVERSION;
-const char * const bash_copyright = N_("Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.");
+const char * const bash_copyright = N_("Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.");
const char * const bash_license = N_("License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n");
/* If == 31, shell compatible with bash-3.1, == 32 with bash-3.2, and so on */
--- /dev/null
+/* version.c -- distribution and version numbers. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "stdc.h"
+
+#include "version.h"
+#include "patchlevel.h"
+#include "conftypes.h"
+
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+extern char *shell_name;
+
+/* Defines from version.h */
+const char * const dist_version = DISTVERSION;
+const int patch_level = PATCHLEVEL;
+const int build_version = BUILDVERSION;
+#ifdef RELSTATUS
+const char * const release_status = RELSTATUS;
+#else
+const char * const release_status = (char *)0;
+#endif
+const char * const sccs_version = SCCSVERSION;
+
+const char * const bash_copyright = N_("Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.");
+const char * const bash_license = N_("License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n");
+
+/* If == 31, shell compatible with bash-3.1, == 32 with bash-3.2, and so on */
+int shell_compatibility_level = DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL;
+
+/* Functions for getting, setting, and displaying the shell version. */
+
+/* Forward declarations so we don't have to include externs.h */
+extern char *shell_version_string __P((void));
+extern void show_shell_version __P((int));
+
+/* Give version information about this shell. */
+char *
+shell_version_string ()
+{
+ static char tt[32] = { '\0' };
+
+ if (tt[0] == '\0')
+ {
+ if (release_status)
+#if defined (HAVE_SNPRINTF)
+ snprintf (tt, sizeof (tt), "%s.%d(%d)-%s", dist_version, patch_level, build_version, release_status);
+#else
+ sprintf (tt, "%s.%d(%d)-%s", dist_version, patch_level, build_version, release_status);
+#endif
+ else
+#if defined (HAVE_SNPRINTF)
+ snprintf (tt, sizeof (tt), "%s.%d(%d)", dist_version, patch_level, build_version);
+#else
+ sprintf (tt, "%s.%d(%d)", dist_version, patch_level, build_version);
+#endif
+ }
+ return tt;
+}
+
+void
+show_shell_version (extended)
+ int extended;
+{
+ printf (_("GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n"), shell_version_string (), MACHTYPE);
+ if (extended)
+ {
+ printf ("%s\n", _(bash_copyright));
+ printf ("%s\n", _(bash_license));
+ printf (_("This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"));
+ printf (_("There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n"));
+ }
+}
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
