--- /dev/null
+! { dg-do run }
+! { dg-options "" }
+! Test various exponentations
+! initially designed for patch to PR31120
+
+program test
+ call run_me (1.0, 1, (1.0,0.0))
+ call run_me (-1.1, -1, (0.0,-1.0))
+ call run_me (42.0, 12, (1.0,7.0))
+end program test
+
+! This subroutine is for runtime tests
+subroutine run_me(a, i, z)
+ implicit none
+
+ real, intent(in) :: a
+ integer, intent(in) :: i
+ complex, intent(in) :: z
+
+ call check_equal_i (i**0, 1)
+ call check_equal_i (i**1, i)
+ call check_equal_i (i**2, i*i)
+ call check_equal_i (i**3, i*(i**2))
+
+ call check_equal_i (int(i**0_8,kind=4), 1)
+ call check_equal_i (int(i**1_8,kind=4), i)
+ call check_equal_i (int(i**2_8,kind=4), i*i)
+ call check_equal_i (int(i**3_8,kind=4), i*i*i)
+
+ call check_equal_r (a**0.0, 1.0)
+ call check_equal_r (a**1.0, a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**2.0, a*a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**3.0, a*(a**2))
+ call check_equal_r (a**-1.0, 1/a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**-2.0, (1/a)*(1/a))
+
+ call check_equal_r (a**0, 1.0)
+ call check_equal_r (a**1, a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**2, a*a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**3, a*(a**2))
+ call check_equal_r (a**-1, 1/a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**-2, (1/a)*(1/a))
+
+ call check_equal_r (a**0_8, 1.0)
+ call check_equal_r (a**1_8, a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**2_8, a*a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**3_8, a*(a**2))
+ call check_equal_r (a**-1_8, 1/a)
+ call check_equal_r (a**-2_8, (1/a)*(1/a))
+
+ call check_equal_c (z**0.0, (1.0,0.0))
+ call check_equal_c (z**1.0, z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**2.0, z*z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**3.0, z*(z**2))
+ call check_equal_c (z**-1.0, 1/z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**-2.0, (1/z)*(1/z))
+
+ call check_equal_c (z**(0.0,0.0), (1.0,0.0))
+ call check_equal_c (z**(1.0,0.0), z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**(2.0,0.0), z*z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**(3.0,0.0), z*(z**2))
+ call check_equal_c (z**(-1.0,0.0), 1/z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**(-2.0,0.0), (1/z)*(1/z))
+
+ call check_equal_c (z**0, (1.0,0.0))
+ call check_equal_c (z**1, z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**2, z*z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**3, z*(z**2))
+ call check_equal_c (z**-1, 1/z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**-2, (1/z)*(1/z))
+
+ call check_equal_c (z**0_8, (1.0,0.0))
+ call check_equal_c (z**1_8, z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**2_8, z*z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**3_8, z*(z**2))
+ call check_equal_c (z**-1_8, 1/z)
+ call check_equal_c (z**-2_8, (1/z)*(1/z))
+
+
+contains
+
+ subroutine check_equal_r (a, b)
+ real, intent(in) :: a, b
+ if (abs(a - b) > 1.e-5 * abs(b)) call abort
+ end subroutine check_equal_r
+
+ subroutine check_equal_c (a, b)
+ complex, intent(in) :: a, b
+ if (abs(a - b) > 1.e-5 * abs(b)) call abort
+ end subroutine check_equal_c
+
+ subroutine check_equal_i (a, b)
+ integer, intent(in) :: a, b
+ if (a /= b) call abort
+ end subroutine check_equal_i
+
+end subroutine run_me
+
+! subroutine foo is used for compilation test only
+subroutine foo(a)
+ implicit none
+
+ real, intent(in) :: a
+ integer :: i
+ complex :: z
+
+ ! Integer
+ call gee_i(i**0_1)
+ call gee_i(i**1_1)
+ call gee_i(i**2_1)
+ call gee_i(i**3_1)
+ call gee_i(i**-1_1)
+ call gee_i(i**-2_1)
+ call gee_i(i**-3_1)
+ call gee_i(i**huge(0_1))
+ call gee_i(i**-huge(0_1))
+ call gee_i(i**(-huge(0_1)-1_1))
+
+ call gee_i(i**0_2)
+ call gee_i(i**1_2)
+ call gee_i(i**2_2)
+ call gee_i(i**3_2)
+ call gee_i(i**-1_2)
+ call gee_i(i**-2_2)
+ call gee_i(i**-3_2)
+ call gee_i(i**huge(0_2))
+ call gee_i(i**-huge(0_2))
+ call gee_i(i**(-huge(0_2)-1_2))
+
+ call gee_i(i**0_4)
+ call gee_i(i**1_4)
+ call gee_i(i**2_4)
+ call gee_i(i**3_4)
+ call gee_i(i**-1_4)
+ call gee_i(i**-2_4)
+ call gee_i(i**-3_4)
+ call gee_i(i**huge(0_4))
+ call gee_i(i**-huge(0_4))
+ call gee_i(i**(-huge(0_4)-1_4))
+
+ call gee_i(i**0_8)
+ call gee_i(i**1_8)
+ call gee_i(i**2_8)
+ call gee_i(i**3_8)
+ call gee_i(i**-1_8)
+ call gee_i(i**-2_8)
+ call gee_i(i**-3_8)
+ call gee_i(i**huge(0_8))
+ call gee_i(i**-huge(0_8))
+ call gee_i(i**(-huge(0_8)-1_8))
+
+ ! Real
+ call gee_r(a**0_1)
+ call gee_r(a**1_1)
+ call gee_r(a**2_1)
+ call gee_r(a**3_1)
+ call gee_r(a**-1_1)
+ call gee_r(a**-2_1)
+ call gee_r(a**-3_1)
+ call gee_r(a**huge(0_1))
+ call gee_r(a**-huge(0_1))
+ call gee_r(a**(-huge(0_1)-1_1))
+
+ call gee_r(a**0_2)
+ call gee_r(a**1_2)
+ call gee_r(a**2_2)
+ call gee_r(a**3_2)
+ call gee_r(a**-1_2)
+ call gee_r(a**-2_2)
+ call gee_r(a**-3_2)
+ call gee_r(a**huge(0_2))
+ call gee_r(a**-huge(0_2))
+ call gee_r(a**(-huge(0_2)-1_2))
+
+ call gee_r(a**0_4)
+ call gee_r(a**1_4)
+ call gee_r(a**2_4)
+ call gee_r(a**3_4)
+ call gee_r(a**-1_4)
+ call gee_r(a**-2_4)
+ call gee_r(a**-3_4)
+ call gee_r(a**huge(0_4))
+ call gee_r(a**-huge(0_4))
+ call gee_r(a**(-huge(0_4)-1_4))
+
+ call gee_r(a**0_8)
+ call gee_r(a**1_8)
+ call gee_r(a**2_8)
+ call gee_r(a**3_8)
+ call gee_r(a**-1_8)
+ call gee_r(a**-2_8)
+ call gee_r(a**-3_8)
+ call gee_r(a**huge(0_8))
+ call gee_r(a**-huge(0_8))
+ call gee_r(a**(-huge(0_8)-1_8))
+
+ ! Complex
+ call gee_z(z**0_1)
+ call gee_z(z**1_1)
+ call gee_z(z**2_1)
+ call gee_z(z**3_1)
+ call gee_z(z**-1_1)
+ call gee_z(z**-2_1)
+ call gee_z(z**-3_1)
+ call gee_z(z**huge(0_1))
+ call gee_z(z**-huge(0_1))
+ call gee_z(z**(-huge(0_1)-1_1))
+
+ call gee_z(z**0_2)
+ call gee_z(z**1_2)
+ call gee_z(z**2_2)
+ call gee_z(z**3_2)
+ call gee_z(z**-1_2)
+ call gee_z(z**-2_2)
+ call gee_z(z**-3_2)
+ call gee_z(z**huge(0_2))
+ call gee_z(z**-huge(0_2))
+ call gee_z(z**(-huge(0_2)-1_2))
+
+ call gee_z(z**0_4)
+ call gee_z(z**1_4)
+ call gee_z(z**2_4)
+ call gee_z(z**3_4)
+ call gee_z(z**-1_4)
+ call gee_z(z**-2_4)
+ call gee_z(z**-3_4)
+ call gee_z(z**huge(0_4))
+ call gee_z(z**-huge(0_4))
+ call gee_z(z**(-huge(0_4)-1_4))
+
+ call gee_z(z**0_8)
+ call gee_z(z**1_8)
+ call gee_z(z**2_8)
+ call gee_z(z**3_8)
+ call gee_z(z**-1_8)
+ call gee_z(z**-2_8)
+ call gee_z(z**-3_8)
+ call gee_z(z**huge(0_8))
+ call gee_z(z**-huge(0_8))
+ call gee_z(z**(-huge(0_8)-1_8))
+end subroutine foo
+
+subroutine gee_i(i)
+ integer :: i
+end subroutine gee_i
+
+subroutine gee_r(r)
+ real :: r
+end subroutine gee_r
+
+subroutine gee_z(c)
+ complex :: c
+end subroutine gee_z