- add `TIMEIGN' token to handle `time -p -- ...'. Pointed out by
Laszlo Ersek <lacos@caesar.elte.hu> on austin-group list
+ 6/28
+ ----
+jobs.c
+ - treat a shell with (subshell_environment&SUBSHELL_PIPE) != 0 like
+ a command substitution in wait_for and act like we received a
+ SIGINT if a job we're waiting for dies of SIGINT. Fixes bug
+ reported by Ilya Basin <basinilya@gmail.com>
+
+ 7/2
+ ---
+jobs.c
+ - if fork() fails in make_child, try to reap some dead children before
+ retrying
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - change execute_pipeline to run the last command of a non-asynchronous
+ pipeline in the current shell environment if the `lastpipe' shell
+ option is enabled and job control is not active. Code from
+ Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>
+
+parse.y
+ - Posix says (issue 267) that time is not recognized as a keyword
+ if the next token begins with a `-'
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - changed the descriptions of BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME
+ as proposed in Ubuntu bug 591677.
+ - document new `lastpipe' shell option that runs last command of a
+ pipeline in the current shell environment
+ - document new posix-mode behavior with `time -p'
+
+ 7/5
+ ---
+aclocal.m4
+ - new autoconf test WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET, bit offset in status word
+ returned by wait() of the process's exit status
+
+jobs.[ch]
+ - change stop_pipeline to return the actual index of the job just
+ created and added to the jobs table, instead of the current job
+ - job_exit_status and job_exit_signal are now global functions, with
+ extern declarations in jobs.h
+ - append_process: new utility function for use by the lastpipe code,
+ takes info, creates a PROCESS from them, and adds it to the end of
+ the passed job id's pipeline. lastpipe code uses it to add a dummy
+ process for the last command in the pipeline
+ - freeze_jobs_list: new utility function so rest of shell can freeze
+ the jobs list. Used by the lastpipe code
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - changes to lastpipe code to make `pipefail' option, $PIPESTATUS, and
+ $? work correctly. Uses append_process and job_exit_status
execute_cmd.c
- add missing initializers for sh_coproc to eliminate a compiler
warning. Patch from Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>
+
+ 6/27
+ ----
+parse.y
+ - add `TIMEIGN' token to handle `time -p -- ...'. Pointed out by
+ Laszlo Ersek <lacos@caesar.elte.hu> on austin-group list
+
+ 6/28
+ ----
+jobs.c
+ - treat a shell with (subshell_environment&SUBSHELL_PIPE) != 0 like
+ a command substitution in wait_for and act like we received a
+ SIGINT if a job we're waiting for dies of SIGINT. Fixes bug
+ reported by Ilya Basin <basinilya@gmail.com>
+
+ 7/2
+ ---
+jobs.c
+ - if fork() fails in make_child, try to reap some dead children before
+ retrying
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - change execute_pipeline to run the last command of a non-asynchronous
+ pipeline in the current shell environment if the `lastpipe' shell
+ option is enabled and job control is not active. Code from
+ Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>
+
+parse.y
+ - Posix says (issue 267) that time is not recognized as a keyword
+ if the next token begins with a `-'
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - changed the descriptions of BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME
+ as proposed in Ubuntu bug 591677.
+ - document new `lastpipe' shell option that runs last command of a
+ pipeline in the current shell environment
+ - document new posix-mode behavior with `time -p'
+
+ 7/5
+ ---
+aclocal.m4
+ - new autoconf test WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET, bit offset in status word
+ returned by wait() of the process's exit status
+
+jobs.[ch]
+ - change stop_pipeline to return the actual index of the job just
+ created and added to the jobs table, instead of the current job
+ - job_exit_status and job_exit_signal are now global functions, with
+ extern declarations in jobs.h
+ - append_process: new utility function for use by the lastpipe code,
+ takes info, creates a PROCESS from them, and adds it to the end of
+ the passed job id's pipeline. lastpipe code uses it to add a dummy
+ process for the last command in the pipeline
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - changes to lastpipe code to make `pipefail' option, $PIPESTATUS, and
+ $? work correctly. Uses append_process and job_exit_status
tests/jobs3.sub f
tests/jobs4.sub f
tests/jobs.right f
+tests/lastpipe.right f
+tests/lastpipe.tests f
+tests/lastpipe1.sub f
tests/mapfile.data f
tests/mapfile.right f
tests/mapfile.tests f
tests/run-iquote f
tests/run-invert f
tests/run-jobs f
+tests/run-lastpipe f
tests/run-mapfile f
tests/run-more-exp f
tests/run-new-exp f
tests/builtins.right f
tests/builtins1.sub f
tests/builtins2.sub f
+tests/builtins3.sub f
tests/source1.sub f
tests/source2.sub f
tests/source3.sub f
[Define if you have a standard-conformant vsnprintf function.])
fi
])
+
+AC_DEFUN(BASH_STRUCT_WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET,
+[AC_MSG_CHECKING(for offset of exit status in return status from wait)
+AC_CACHE_VAL(bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset,
+[AC_RUN_IFELSE([
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+main(c, v)
+ int c;
+ char **v;
+{
+ pid_t pid, p;
+ int s, i, n;
+
+ s = 0;
+ pid = fork();
+ if (pid == 0)
+ exit (42);
+
+ /* wait for the process */
+ p = wait(&s);
+ if (p != pid)
+ exit (255);
+
+ /* crack s */
+ for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) - 8); i++)
+ {
+ n = (s >> i) & 0xff;
+ if (n == 42)
+ exit (i);
+ }
+
+ exit (254);
+}
+], bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0, bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=$?,
+ [AC_MSG_WARN(cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0)
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0]
+)])
+if test "$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" -gt 32 ; then
+ AC_MSG_WARN(bad exit status from test program -- defaulting to 0)
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0
+fi
+AC_MSG_RESULT($bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset)
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET], [$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset], [Offset of exit status in wait status word])
+])
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcrtomb, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCRTOMB))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcscoll, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCSCOLL))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcsdup, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCSDUP))
-AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcswidth, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCSWIDTH))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcwidth, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCWIDTH))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wctype, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCTYPE))
[Define if you have a standard-conformant vsnprintf function.])
fi
])
+
+AC_DEFUN(BASH_STRUCT_WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET,
+[AC_MSG_CHECKING(for offset of exit status in return status from wait)
+AC_CACHE_VAL(bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset,
+[AC_RUN_IFELSE([
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+main(c, v)
+ int c;
+ char **v;
+{
+ pid_t pid, p;
+ int s, i, n;
+
+ s = 0;
+ pid = fork();
+ if (pid == 0)
+ exit (42);
+
+ /* wait for the process */
+ p = wait(&s);
+ if (p != pid)
+ exit (255);
+
+ /* crack s */
+ for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) - 8); i++)
+ {
+ n = (s >> i) & 0xff;
+ if (n == 42)
+ exit (i);
+ }
+
+ exit (254);
+}
+], bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0, bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=$?,
+ [AC_MSG_WARN(cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0)
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0]
+)])
+AC_MSG_RESULT($bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset)
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET], [$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset], [Offset of exit status in wait status word])
+])
@%:@! /bin/sh
-@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.031.
+@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.032.
@%:@ Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
@%:@ Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-devel.
@%:@
fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for offset of exit status in return status from wait" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for offset of exit status in return status from wait... " >&6; }
+if test "${bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset+set}" = set; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: WARNING: cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&5
+$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&2;}
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0
+
+else
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+main(c, v)
+ int c;
+ char **v;
+{
+ pid_t pid, p;
+ int s, i, n;
+
+ s = 0;
+ pid = fork();
+ if (pid == 0)
+ exit (42);
+
+ /* wait for the process */
+ p = wait(&s);
+ if (p != pid)
+ exit (255);
+
+ /* crack s */
+ for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) - 8); i++)
+ {
+ n = (s >> i) & 0xff;
+ if (n == 42)
+ exit (i);
+ }
+
+ exit (254);
+}
+
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest$ac_exeext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_link"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_link") 2>&5
+ ac_status=$?
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext'
+ { (case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_try") 2>&5
+ ac_status=$?
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); }; }; then
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5
+$as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+( exit $ac_status )
+bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=$?
+fi
+rm -rf conftest.dSYM
+rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+
+
+fi
+
+if test "$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" -gt 32 ; then
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: WARNING: bad exit status from test program -- defaulting to 0" >&5
+$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: bad exit status from test program -- defaulting to 0" >&2;}
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" >&5
+$as_echo "$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" >&6; }
+
+cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+@%:@define WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET $bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset
+_ACEOF
+
+
+
{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for the existence of strsignal" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for the existence of strsignal... " >&6; }
if test "${bash_cv_have_strsignal+set}" = set; then
'configure.in'
],
{
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'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1,
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+ '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1,
'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1,
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+ 'AC_INIT' => 1,
'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1,
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+ '_AM_COND_IF' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1,
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+ 'AC_SUBST' => 1,
'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1,
+ 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1,
'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1,
'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1,
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'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1,
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+ 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1,
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+ '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1,
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+ 'sinclude' => 1,
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-m4trace:configure.in:1086: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_LIBS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_STATUS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_STATUS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_STATUS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1119: -1- AC_SUBST([PROFILE_FLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1119: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([PROFILE_FLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1119: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PROFILE_FLAGS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1121: -1- AC_SUBST([incdir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1121: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([incdir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1121: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^incdir$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1122: -1- AC_SUBST([BUILD_DIR])
-m4trace:configure.in:1122: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([BUILD_DIR])
-m4trace:configure.in:1122: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^BUILD_DIR$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1125: -1- AC_SUBST([datarootdir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1125: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([datarootdir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1125: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^datarootdir$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1126: -1- AC_SUBST([localedir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1126: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([localedir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1126: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^localedir$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1128: -1- AC_SUBST([YACC])
-m4trace:configure.in:1128: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([YACC])
-m4trace:configure.in:1128: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^YACC$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1129: -1- AC_SUBST([AR])
-m4trace:configure.in:1129: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([AR])
-m4trace:configure.in:1129: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^AR$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1130: -1- AC_SUBST([ARFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1130: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([ARFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1130: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^ARFLAGS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1132: -1- AC_SUBST([BASHVERS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1132: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([BASHVERS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1132: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^BASHVERS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1133: -1- AC_SUBST([RELSTATUS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1133: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([RELSTATUS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1133: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RELSTATUS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- AC_SUBST([DEBUG])
-m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([DEBUG])
-m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEBUG$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- AC_SUBST([MALLOC_DEBUG])
-m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([MALLOC_DEBUG])
-m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^MALLOC_DEBUG$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- AC_SUBST([host_cpu])
-m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_cpu])
-m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_cpu$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1138: -1- AC_SUBST([host_vendor])
-m4trace:configure.in:1138: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_vendor])
-m4trace:configure.in:1138: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_vendor$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- AC_SUBST([host_os])
-m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_os])
-m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_os$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1141: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LIBS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1141: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_LIBS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1141: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_LIBS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1142: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_CFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1142: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_CFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1142: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_CFLAGS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LDFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_LDFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_LDFLAGS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_DEFS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_DEFS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_DEFS$])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile builtins/Makefile lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \
+configure.in:973: the top level])
+m4trace:configure.in:973: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMIT_NEEDS_KERNEL])
+m4trace:configure.in:973: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RLIMIT_NEEDS_KERNEL$])
+m4trace:configure.in:983: -1- AC_SUBST([TERMCAP_LIB])
+m4trace:configure.in:983: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([TERMCAP_LIB])
+m4trace:configure.in:983: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMCAP_LIB$])
+m4trace:configure.in:984: -1- AC_SUBST([TERMCAP_DEP])
+m4trace:configure.in:984: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([TERMCAP_DEP])
+m4trace:configure.in:984: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^TERMCAP_DEP$])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_DEV_FD$])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEV_FD_PREFIX$])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_DEV_FD$])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX])
+m4trace:configure.in:986: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEV_FD_PREFIX$])
+m4trace:configure.in:987: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_STDIN])
+m4trace:configure.in:987: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_DEV_STDIN$])
+m4trace:configure.in:988: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY])
+m4trace:configure.in:988: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY$])
+m4trace:configure.in:995: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([JOB_CONTROL])
+m4trace:configure.in:995: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^JOB_CONTROL$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1001: -1- AC_SUBST([JOBS_O])
+m4trace:configure.in:1001: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([JOBS_O])
+m4trace:configure.in:1001: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^JOBS_O$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1014: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4_2])
+m4trace:configure.in:1014: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR4_2$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1015: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4])
+m4trace:configure.in:1015: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR4$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1016: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4])
+m4trace:configure.in:1016: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR4$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1017: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR5])
+m4trace:configure.in:1017: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SVR5$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1036: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PGRP_PIPE])
+m4trace:configure.in:1036: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PGRP_PIPE$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1083: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CC])
+m4trace:configure.in:1083: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_CC])
+m4trace:configure.in:1083: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_CC$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1084: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1084: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_CFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1084: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_CFLAGS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1085: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LD])
+m4trace:configure.in:1085: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_LD])
+m4trace:configure.in:1085: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_LD$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1086: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1086: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_LDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1086: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_LDFLAGS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1087: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1088: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LIBS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1088: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_LIBS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1088: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_LIBS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1089: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_STATUS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1089: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([SHOBJ_STATUS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1089: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^SHOBJ_STATUS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1121: -1- AC_SUBST([PROFILE_FLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1121: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([PROFILE_FLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1121: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^PROFILE_FLAGS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1123: -1- AC_SUBST([incdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1123: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([incdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1123: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^incdir$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1124: -1- AC_SUBST([BUILD_DIR])
+m4trace:configure.in:1124: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([BUILD_DIR])
+m4trace:configure.in:1124: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^BUILD_DIR$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1127: -1- AC_SUBST([datarootdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1127: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([datarootdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1127: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^datarootdir$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1128: -1- AC_SUBST([localedir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1128: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([localedir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1128: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^localedir$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1130: -1- AC_SUBST([YACC])
+m4trace:configure.in:1130: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([YACC])
+m4trace:configure.in:1130: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^YACC$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1131: -1- AC_SUBST([AR])
+m4trace:configure.in:1131: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([AR])
+m4trace:configure.in:1131: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^AR$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1132: -1- AC_SUBST([ARFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1132: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([ARFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1132: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^ARFLAGS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- AC_SUBST([BASHVERS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([BASHVERS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1134: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^BASHVERS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- AC_SUBST([RELSTATUS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([RELSTATUS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1135: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^RELSTATUS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1136: -1- AC_SUBST([DEBUG])
+m4trace:configure.in:1136: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([DEBUG])
+m4trace:configure.in:1136: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^DEBUG$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- AC_SUBST([MALLOC_DEBUG])
+m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([MALLOC_DEBUG])
+m4trace:configure.in:1137: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^MALLOC_DEBUG$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- AC_SUBST([host_cpu])
+m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_cpu])
+m4trace:configure.in:1139: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_cpu$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1140: -1- AC_SUBST([host_vendor])
+m4trace:configure.in:1140: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_vendor])
+m4trace:configure.in:1140: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_vendor$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1141: -1- AC_SUBST([host_os])
+m4trace:configure.in:1141: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([host_os])
+m4trace:configure.in:1141: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^host_os$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LIBS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_LIBS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1143: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_LIBS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_CFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_CFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1144: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_CFLAGS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1145: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1145: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_LDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1145: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_LDFLAGS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1146: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_DEFS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1146: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LOCAL_DEFS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1146: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LOCAL_DEFS$])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile builtins/Makefile lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \
lib/intl/Makefile \
lib/malloc/Makefile lib/sh/Makefile lib/termcap/Makefile \
lib/tilde/Makefile doc/Makefile support/Makefile po/Makefile.in \
examples/loadables/Makefile examples/loadables/perl/Makefile])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [AC_OUTPUT should be used without arguments.
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [AC_OUTPUT should be used without arguments.
You should run autoupdate.], [])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS], [$ac_libobjs])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LIB@&t@OBJS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LIB@&t@OBJS$])
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-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LTLIBOBJS])
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-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([srcdir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_srcdir])
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-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_builddir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_top_builddir])
-m4trace:configure.in:1149: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([INSTALL])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS], [$ac_libobjs])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LIB@&t@OBJS])
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+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LTLIBOBJS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LTLIBOBJS$])
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+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_build_prefix])
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+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_srcdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([top_srcdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_top_srcdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([builddir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_builddir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([abs_top_builddir])
+m4trace:configure.in:1151: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([INSTALL])
extern int check_jobs_at_exit;
extern int autocd;
extern int glob_star;
+extern int lastpipe_opt;
#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
extern int extended_glob;
#endif
{ "huponexit", &hup_on_exit, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
{ "interactive_comments", &interactive_comments, set_shellopts_after_change },
+ { "lastpipe", &lastpipe_opt, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
#if defined (HISTORY)
{ "lithist", &literal_history, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
#endif
This file is shopt.def, from which is created shopt.c.
It implements the Bash `shopt' builtin.
-Copyright (C) 1994-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1994-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#define CMD_STDIN_REDIR 0x400 /* async command needs implicit </dev/null */
#define CMD_COMMAND_BUILTIN 0x0800 /* command executed by `command' builtin */
#define CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL 0x1000
+#define CMD_LASTPIPE 0x2000
/* What a command looks like. */
typedef struct command {
/* command.h -- The structures used internally to represent commands, and
the extern declarations of the functions used to create them. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1993-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1993-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#define CMD_STDIN_REDIR 0x400 /* async command needs implicit </dev/null */
#define CMD_COMMAND_BUILTIN 0x0800 /* command executed by `command' builtin */
#define CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL 0x1000
+#defien CMD_LASTPIPE 0x2000
/* What a command looks like. */
typedef struct command {
#undef HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
+#undef WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET
+
/* Characteristics of definitions in the system header files. */
#undef HAVE_GETPW_DECLS
/* Define if you have the wctype function. */
#undef HAVE_WCTYPE
+/* Define if you have the wcswidth function. */
+#undef HAVE_WCSWIDTH
+
/* Define if you have the wcwidth function. */
#undef HAVE_WCWIDTH
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.031.
+# From configure.in for Bash 4.2, version 4.032.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.63 for bash 4.2-devel.
#
fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for offset of exit status in return status from wait" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for offset of exit status in return status from wait... " >&6; }
+if test "${bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset+set}" = set; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ if test "$cross_compiling" = yes; then
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: WARNING: cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&5
+$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: cannot check WEXITSTATUS offset if cross compiling -- defaulting to 0" >&2;}
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0
+
+else
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+main(c, v)
+ int c;
+ char **v;
+{
+ pid_t pid, p;
+ int s, i, n;
+
+ s = 0;
+ pid = fork();
+ if (pid == 0)
+ exit (42);
+
+ /* wait for the process */
+ p = wait(&s);
+ if (p != pid)
+ exit (255);
+
+ /* crack s */
+ for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(s) - 8); i++)
+ {
+ n = (s >> i) & 0xff;
+ if (n == 42)
+ exit (i);
+ }
+
+ exit (254);
+}
+
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest$ac_exeext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_link"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_link") 2>&5
+ ac_status=$?
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && { ac_try='./conftest$ac_exeext'
+ { (case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_try") 2>&5
+ ac_status=$?
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); }; }; then
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: program exited with status $ac_status" >&5
+$as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+( exit $ac_status )
+bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=$?
+fi
+rm -rf conftest.dSYM
+rm -f core *.core core.conftest.* gmon.out bb.out conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_objext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+
+
+fi
+
+if test "$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" -gt 32 ; then
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: WARNING: bad exit status from test program -- defaulting to 0" >&5
+$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: bad exit status from test program -- defaulting to 0" >&2;}
+ bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset=0
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" >&5
+$as_echo "$bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset" >&6; }
+
+cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET $bash_cv_wexitstatus_offset
+_ACEOF
+
+
+
{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for the existence of strsignal" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking for the existence of strsignal... " >&6; }
if test "${bash_cv_have_strsignal+set}" = set; then
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.031])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.032])dnl
define(bashvers, 4.2)
define(relstatus, devel)
AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
BASH_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
+BASH_STRUCT_WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET
+
dnl presence and behavior of C library functions
BASH_FUNC_STRSIGNAL
BASH_FUNC_OPENDIR_CHECK
dnl
-dnl Configure script for bash-4.1
+dnl Configure script for bash-4.2
dnl
dnl report bugs to chet@po.cwru.edu
dnl
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.1, version 4.023])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.2, version 4.031])dnl
-define(bashvers, 4.1)
-define(relstatus, maint)
+define(bashvers, 4.2)
+define(relstatus, devel)
AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
- an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or
- equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is
- also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
+ an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt
+ evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one
+ greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to
+ the last element of the array). To explicitly declare an indexed
+ array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be
+ -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
ing at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
- arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
- used as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
- beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name sub-
- scripted by @ or *, the result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the
- array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is
- taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the
- specified array. Substring expansion applied to an associative
- array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset
- must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid
- being confused with the :- expansion. Substring indexing is
- zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in which
- case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and
- the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
+ arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If
+ _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
+ as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh
+ evaluates to a number less than zero, and _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not @\b@ and
+ not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an
+ offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a num-
+ ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
+ the two offsets. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh posi-
+ tional parameters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an
+ indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the
+ _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}.
+ A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one greater than the max-
+ imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied
+ to an associative array produces undefined results. Note that a
+ negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one
+ space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring
+ indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are
+ used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If
+ _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is pre-
+ fixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx.\b. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx.\b. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs.\b. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs.\b. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh.\b. The length in characters of the value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
- substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh.\b. The length in characters of the value of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
tuted is the number of elements in the array.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b##\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn.\b. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
- expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
+ expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn.\b. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
- result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
- the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
- or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
- *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
+ a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
+ result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
+ the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
+ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
- replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
+ tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
+ replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at the begin-
ning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with
- %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted and the /\b/ fol-
lowing _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the sub-
- stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
- turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
- operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
+ stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
+ operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
- converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
- operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
- ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
- expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
- the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
- ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
- resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
- member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
+ converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
+ operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
+ ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
+ expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
+ the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
+ ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
+ member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
`\b`_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd`\b`
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd and replacing the com-
- mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any
+ mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any
trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they
- may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt
+ may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
- retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
- stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
- If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
- and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
sion is:
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
- double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
+ double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion,
- command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be
+ command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be
nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is supported on systems that support named pipes
- (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files. It takes the form
- of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run with its input or out-
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is supported on systems that support named pipes
+ (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files. It takes the form
+ of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run with its input or out-
put connected to a _\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO or some file in /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd. The name of this file
- is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
- expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
- vide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, the file passed as
+ is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+ expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
+ vide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, the file passed as
an argument should be read to obtain the output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If I\bIF\bFS\bS
- is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default,
- then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>, and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and
- end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any
- sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to
- delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then
+ is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default,
+ then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>, and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and
+ end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any
+ sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to
+ delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then
sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be and t\bta\bab\bb are ignored at the
- beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
- in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
- characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
- is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word
+ beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
+ in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
+ characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
+ is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word
splitting occurs.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained. Unquoted implicit
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained. Unquoted implicit
null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no
- values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within
+ values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within
double quotes, a null argument results and is retained.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
- appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
- alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no
- matching file names are found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not
- enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set,
- and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
- option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed
- and the command is not executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
- betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the
- character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or immediately following a
- slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
- set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
- matched explicitly. In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not
- treated specially. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\bl-\b-
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
+ alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no
+ matching file names are found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not
+ enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set,
+ and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed
+ and the command is not executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the
+ character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or immediately following a
+ slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
+ matched explicitly. In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not
+ treated specially. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\bl-\b-
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
from the list of matches. The file names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always
- ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
- N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
+ N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
option, so all other file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To
- get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b',
- make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
+ get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b',
+ make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is unset.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
- characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
- occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
- escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-
s\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a pathname expan-
- sion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a single pattern will
+ sion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a single pattern will
match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
- If followed by a /\b/, two adjacent *\b*s will match only directories
+ If followed by a /\b/, two adjacent *\b*s will match only directories
and subdirectories.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac-
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac-
ters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any char-
- acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using
- the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is
- matched. If the first character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^
- then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order
- of characters in range expressions is determined by the current
- locale and the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable, if set.
- A -\b- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac-
+ acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using
+ the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is
+ matched. If the first character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^
+ then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order
+ of characters in range expressions is determined by the current
+ locale and the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable, if set.
+ A -\b- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac-
ter in the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using the
- syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following classes
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following classes
defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt
s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
- The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits, and the char-
+ The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits, and the char-
acter _.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified using the
- syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with the same colla-
- tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with the same colla-
+ tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character
_\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collating sym-
bol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, several
- extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
+ extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns separated
by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
lowing sub-patterns:
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
- also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
+ also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear
anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may follow a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections
are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
- Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
+ Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
instead be preceded by a word of the form {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}. In this case, for
each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
- file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If >&- or
- <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines the file
+ file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If >&- or
+ <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines the file
descriptor to close.
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan-
- sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
+ sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
- directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
while the command
ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
- directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
- error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
put was redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
tions, as described in the following table:
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
- If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
cated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
- Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
- care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
nally.
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
- does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
size.
The general format for redirecting output is:
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
- name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
- results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
- descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
+ results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
+ descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
The general format for appending output is:
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
- There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
error:
&\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br (with no trailing
- blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
as the standard input for a command.
The format of here-documents is:
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
+ No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any characters in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd are
- quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
- lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
- lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
- character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
+ quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
+ lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
+ lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
+ character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
the characters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
- stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
- allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
+ allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
fashion.
H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
- that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
- descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
- ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
+ descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
+ ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
The operator
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
- digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
- direction error occurs. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
- both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
- the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
- aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
- commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
- simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
- so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
- $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
- contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
- first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
- that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
- time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
- last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
- arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
below).
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
- before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
- expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
- an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
- not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
+ before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
+ expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
+ an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
+ not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new
- alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
- Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
- function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
+ alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+ Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
+ function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not
- available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always
- put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in com-
+ available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always
+ put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in com-
pound commands.
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
- shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
- in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
- interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
+ interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The
- first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
tion while the function is executing.
- All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical
+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical
between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
- R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
- given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
- below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
- traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+ given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
+ below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
option has been enabled.
- Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
function and its caller.
- The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0,
- defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that
+ The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0,
+ defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that
exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
- tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
- positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
values they had prior to the function's execution.
- Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
- and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
- may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
- the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
- deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Note that shell
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
+ the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
+ deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Note that shell
functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden-
- tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil-
+ tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil-
dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
- Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of
+ Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of
recursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc
- E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check
- for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
- The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
- same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped
- into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc
+ E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check
+ for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+ The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
+ same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped
+ into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in
order of decreasing precedence.
_\bi_\bd+\b++\b+ _\bi_\bd-\b--\b-
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
- expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading
- 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
- [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64
- representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are
- represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
- in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and
- uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers
+ 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
+ [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64
+ representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are
+ represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
+ in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and
+ uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers
between 10 and 35.
- Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
- parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
- unary or binary primaries. If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
+ unary or binary primaries. If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
- the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, The <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, The <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
the current locale.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
value).
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
command for POSIX conformance.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 !\b!=\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
or negative integers.
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+ When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
- ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
- ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
- readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
+ shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
+ ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
+ ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
- affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+ affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
zero.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
- taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to
- remember the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
- performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to
+ remember the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it is invoked
- with the original command and the original command's arguments as its
- arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of
- the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
+ with the original command and the original command's arguments as its
+ arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of
+ the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
message and returns an exit status of 127.
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
- file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
- This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
- shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
- the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
+ This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
+ shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
+ the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below
under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the child.
- If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin
- +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation
- +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
the shell's parent
+\bo current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+\bo shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt
+\bo options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+\bo shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command
+\bo the current working directory
+\bo the file creation mode mask
- +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+\bo traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
- of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
+ of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
- the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, Bash
+ the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, Bash
clears the -\b-e\be option in such subshells.
- If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the
- default standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl.
- Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the
+ default standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl.
+ Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
calling shell as modified by redirections.
E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
- cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
+ cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
- replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
- consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
+ ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
+ replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
- The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
- temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
ronment seen by that command.
- If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
- full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi-
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi-
ronment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
- are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
+ are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
- exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of 128+_\bN as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
- returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
+ returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
- non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
- unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
+ unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
- all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
+ all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
Non-builtin commands run by b\bba\bas\bsh\bh have signal handlers set to the values
- inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
- effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
- these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
+ effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bT-\b-
T\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
stopped. Stopped jobs are sent S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to ensure that they receive the
- S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
- job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP
using d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
- If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
- mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
- the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
set will cause the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- _\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the
+ _\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the
execution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
- interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
+ interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
driver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
- The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
the operating system maintains the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
- generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
+ generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
- if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
- Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
- tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
- by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
+ if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
+ Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
+ tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
+ by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
process.
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
- be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
- character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
- when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
- returned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
- using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
+ be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
+ returned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. A ^\b^Z\bZ
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
- ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
+ ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the
name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command
- line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix
- matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the
- other hand, refers to any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command
- line. If the substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
- error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\b-
- _\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
+ line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix
+ matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the
+ other hand, refers to any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command
+ line. If the substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
+ error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\b-
+ _\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
or started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may be referenced using
%\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer
- to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
+ to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job is always flagged with a +\b+, and the pre-
- vious job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
+ vious job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
tion) also refers to the current job.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
- foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
equivalent to `\b``\b`b\bbg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b'.
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
- in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes
- immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that
+ immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that
exits.
- If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
- then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
- made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
- needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt
- strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt
+ strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped
special characters that are decoded as follows:
\\b\a\ba an ASCII bell character (07)
- \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26")
\\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is
- inserted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is
+ inserted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results
in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required
\\b\e\be an ASCII escape character (033)
\\b\l\bl the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\\b\n\bn newline
\\b\r\br carriage return
- \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
following the final slash)
\\b\t\bt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\T\bT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\u\bu the username of the current user
\\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
\\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
- with a tilde (uses the value of the P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM vari-
+ \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
+ with a tilde (uses the value of the P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM vari-
able)
\\b\W\bW the basename of the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
abbreviated with a tilde
\\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
\\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn
\\b\\\b\ a backslash
- \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt
\\b\]\b] end a sequence of non-printing characters
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
- commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
- is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
- the p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
+ commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
+ is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
+ the p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command
under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is given at shell invocation.
Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin.
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A
vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be
- enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
- after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
+ enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
+ after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
- Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
- larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
- boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx
- means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
while pressing the _\bx key.)
Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
- act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
deviates from this are noted below.
- When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
- the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are
- set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
- initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
- #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
+ set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
+ initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
+ #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
- The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
M-Control-u: universal-argument
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
- The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
_\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bS_\bP_\bC, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
- and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or
_\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text ``> output'' into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
the symbolic character names are not recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
\\b\"\b" literal "
\\b\'\b' literal '
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
- are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
- fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
- during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
sitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are equivalent
to O\bOf\bff\bf. The variables and their default values are:
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
line equivalents.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b(`\b``\b`#\b#'\b''\b')\b)
- The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
command is executed. This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode
and to #\b# in vi command mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
- The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
- sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
- set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
- this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
ble completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is
- asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
+ asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
simply listed on the terminal.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
- prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx).
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim-
ilar to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or
v\bvi\bi.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
- pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+ pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
- key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to o\bon\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
+ If set to o\bon\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
attempts word completion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to o\bon\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to o\bon\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(0\b0)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list
is not limited.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
- becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
new line.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
- will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to o\bon\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to o\bon\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to o\bon\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to o\bon\bn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately
instead of ringing the bell.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-t\bte\bex\bxt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives used.
- $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
- readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
no characters are required to isolate it.
- m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for
- instance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for
+ instance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
emacs mode.
- t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the =\b= is tested against the both full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
for instance.
a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
The a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn construct is used to include application-
specific settings. Each program using the readline
- library sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ library sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
Bash:
$\b$i\bif\bf Bash
test fails.
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
- commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
ing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
- the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
- Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
- Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
- line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
- Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
- history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
- Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
- search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
the history list.
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
- Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
string, any remembered search string is used.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
- to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
- tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
- a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
+ tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
- screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
+ Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
+ screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
Move to the first line in the history.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
- insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
inserts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
"!_\bn" history expansion had been specified.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
- of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave
- exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last argument
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last argument
of each line in turn. The history expansion facilities are used
- to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion
+ to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion
had been specified.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his-
tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
expansion.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
for a description of alias expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
- Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
- relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
argument is ignored.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bxC\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
- result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL,
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL,
$\b$E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of
- the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last
+ Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of
+ the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last
character typed was not bound to d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br, then return E\bEO\bOF\bF.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
Insert a tab character.
s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
Insert the character typed.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
- Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
- ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
- pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
- w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
+ ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
+ w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
the kill-ring.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, .\b..\b..\b.,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
- lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the
- numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case,
- if this command is immediately followed by a character that is
- neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the
+ numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case,
+ if this command is immediately followed by a character that is
+ neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
- begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
- (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
+ begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
completion is attempted.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
- execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and the original text is restored. An argument of _\bn
- moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative
- argument may be used to move backward through the list. This
- command is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by
+ moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative
+ argument may be used to move backward through the list. This
+ command is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by
default.\bc\bc
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-k\bkr\brd\bd
- Identicw\bw\bal to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
+ Identicw\bw\bal to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
line, behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command
is unbound by default.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
- against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
d\bdo\bo-\b-u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-a\ba,\b, M\bM-\b-b\bb,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
- If the metafied character _\bx is lowercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _\bx is lowercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
Metafy the next character typed. E\bES\bSC\bC f\bf is equivalent to M\bMe\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bf.
u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the mark is set to that position.
e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
- set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
as the mark.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
- that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
rences.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
quent occurrences.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bcs\bsi\bi-\b-s\bse\beq\bqu\bue\ben\bnc\bce\be (\b()\b)
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
- toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
- match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
wise the characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn are deleted from the begin-
- ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
- newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
- causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
- If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be
removed, the line will be executed by the shell.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
- expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
- is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
+ is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible
completions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
- expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted,
- replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted,
+ replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
asterisk is appended before pathname expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
- The list of expansions that would have been generated by
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
- numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
+ Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
- the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the pro-
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the pro-
grammable completion facilities are invoked.
- First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
- empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
- any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
- compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
+ First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
+ empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
+ any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
+ compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command
- word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
- for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
- is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches to not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
+ for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
+ is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches to not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
- Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG
+ Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG
option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being
- completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the
- third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the
- current command line. No filtering of the generated completions
- against the word being completed is performed; the function or command
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being
+ completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the
+ third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the
+ current command line. No filtering of the generated completions
+ against the word being completed is performed; the function or command
has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
ing the pattern will be removed.
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was
defined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
- plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
default completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. When the his-
- tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
- followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the
- preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed
- depending on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When an inter-
- active shell exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the his-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. When the his-
+ tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
+ followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the
+ preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed
+ depending on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When an inter-
+ active shell exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the his-
tory list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled (see
the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the lines
- are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over-
- written. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable,
- the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, time
+ are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over-
+ written. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable,
+ the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, time
stamps are written to the history file, marked with the history comment
- character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other his-
tory lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to
- contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is not set,
+ contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is not set,
no truncation is performed.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
- manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+ manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell
options.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh.\b. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh.\b. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two
- parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two
+ parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to
use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line
for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history
- is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are available to manipulate the selected
+ is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are available to manipulate the selected
words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read-
- ing input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by
- quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by
- the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !\b! by
- default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single quotes can quote the history
+ ing input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by
+ quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by
+ the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !\b! by
+ default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single quotes can quote the history
expansion character.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
option is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
tory list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command line minus _\bn.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
Refer to the most recent command starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trail-
+ Refer to the most recent command containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trail-
ing ?\b? may be omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a new-
line.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1
with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/'' (see M\bMo\bod\bd-\b-
i\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
$\b$ The last argument.
%\b% The word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
h\bh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
- line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
- delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
- line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
- backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
- gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
- the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
+ delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
+ line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
+ backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
+ gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
+ the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
tions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
- G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
+ G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
line.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
- options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtins do not accept options
+ options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtins do not accept options
and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt,
- and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -\b- with-
- out requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not
- specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -\b- as
+ and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -\b- with-
+ out requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not
+ specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -\b- as
invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpretation.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
- and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is
returned.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
- environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
+ environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash, file
- names in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
- searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
- to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
- tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
- positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the
- status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
- commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
+ names in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
+ to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
+ positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the
+ status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
+ commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
- returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bV]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
- appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
- as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
+ appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
+ as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
- entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
- l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
current location of the insertion point. If the executed
- command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
- exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
- default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
- the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If
- _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP
- option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
- following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
+ default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
+ the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If
+ _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP
+ option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
+ following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be fol-
- lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
+ lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-
cessful directory change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status.
- An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-empty
- directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argu-
+ An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-empty
+ directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argu-
ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path-
- name of the new working directory is written to the standard
- output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
+ name of the new working directory is written to the standard
+ output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
fully changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
- lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
- The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
- grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
attempted on a blank line.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. The possible completions are the members
- of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
pleted.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
- case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
-
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
- supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
- and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
- the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
- -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
- variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
- nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
- the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
- variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
- when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
- all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
- output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command,
- unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
+ unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
l\blo\bow\bwe\bed\bd b\bby\by =\b=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be,\b, t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be i\bis\bs s\bse\bet\bt t\bto\bo _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.\b. T\bTh\bhe\be
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
- a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
- u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
+ u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
- to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
- is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
+ to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
+ is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
- active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
- is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
+ Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
+ active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
+ is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
the -\b-h\bh option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
- ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
- shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
- the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
+ ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
+ shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
+ the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
- all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
- operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
The return status is always 0. If -\b-n\bn is specified, the trailing
- newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
- tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
- The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
- acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
- The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
- whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
- e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
+ tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+ The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
+ acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+ The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
+ whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
interprets the following escape sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
- exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
- export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
- name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
+ exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
+ export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
+ name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
tion.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
- to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
- be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
- with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
+ Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
+ to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
+ be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+ with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
- current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
+ current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
- ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
+ ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
- ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
+ ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
mand.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and n\bna\bam\bme\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
-\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
ing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
-\b-t\bt Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
- backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
escapes beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits).
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
- input is available on the specified file descriptor,
- failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
+ input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+ failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
- greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
- supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
- option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
- reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
- value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
- parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
- a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
+ parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
+ a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
- words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
- except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
+ words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
+ except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
+ command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
+ return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
mand's =~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the conditional command's < and > operators.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the conditional command's < and > operators and
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators and
the effect of interrupting a command list.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
+ @item compat41 If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats
+ a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as
+ a special character. The single quotes must match (an
+ even number) and the characters between the single
+ quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of
+ posix mode through version 4.1. The default bash behav-
+ ior remains as in previous versions.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
- lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
+ lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash-4.1 2010 May 30 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash-4.1 2010 June 12 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sat Jun 12 15:34:58 EDT 2010
+.\" Last Change: Fri Jul 2 17:31:49 EDT 2010
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2010 June 12" "GNU Bash-4.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2010 July 2" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline
terminates.
The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
+When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, it does not recognize
+\fBtime\fP as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'.
The
.SM
.B TIMEFORMAT
.TP
.B BASH_LINENO
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
-corresponding to each member of
+where each corresponding member of
.SM
-.BR FUNCNAME .
+.B FUNCNAME
+was invoked.
\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is the line number in the source
-file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
+file (\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP) where
+\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
(or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another
shell function).
-The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
Use
.SM
.B LINENO
This variable is read-only.
.TP
.B BASH_SOURCE
-An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
-to the elements in the
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames
+where the corresponding shell function names in the
.SM
.B FUNCNAME
-array variable.
+array variable are defined.
+The shell function
+\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is defined in the file
+\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP and called from
+\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP.
.TP
.B BASH_SUBSHELL
Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
shell function.
-The bottom-most element is
+The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is
.if t \f(CW"main"\fP.
.if n "main".
This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
.B FUNCNAME
is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
subsequently reset.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+This variable can be used with \fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP.
+Each element of \fBFUNCNAME\fP has corresponding elements in
+\fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP to describe the call stack.
+For instance, \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called from the file
+\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP at line number
+\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
+The \fBcaller\fP builtin displays the current call stack using this
+information.
.TP
.B GROUPS
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
shell's children.
Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
.PP
-Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number
-of recursive calls.
+Functions may be recursive.
+The \fBFUNCNEST\fP variable may be used to limit the depth of the
+function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations.
+By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls.
.SH "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under
certain circumstances (see the \fBlet\fP and \fBdeclare\fP builtin
.B COMMENTS
above). This option is enabled by default.
.TP 8
+.B lastpipe
+If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
+a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
+.TP 8
.B lithist
If set, and the
.B cmdhist
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sat Jun 12 15:34:58 EDT 2010
+.\" Last Change: Fri Jul 2 17:31:49 EDT 2010
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2010 June 12" "GNU Bash-4.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2010 July 2" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline
terminates.
The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
+When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, it does not recognize
+\fBtime\fP as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'.
The
.SM
.B TIMEFORMAT
.TP
.B BASH_LINENO
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
-corresponding to each member of
+where each corresponding member of
.SM
-.BR FUNCNAME .
+.B FUNCNAME
+was invoked.
\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is the line number in the source
-file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
+file (\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP) where
+\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
(or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another
shell function).
-The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
Use
.SM
.B LINENO
This variable is read-only.
.TP
.B BASH_SOURCE
-An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
-to the elements in the
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames
+where the corresponding shell function names in the
.SM
.B FUNCNAME
-array variable.
+array variable are defined.
+The shell function
+\fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is defined in the file
+\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP and called from
+\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP.
.TP
.B BASH_SUBSHELL
Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
shell function.
-The bottom-most element is
+The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index) is
.if t \f(CW"main"\fP.
.if n "main".
This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
.B FUNCNAME
is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
subsequently reset.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+This variable can be used with \fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP.
+Each element of \fBFUNCNAME\fP has corresponding elements in
+\fBBASH_LINENO\fP and \fBBASH_SOURCE\fP to describe the call stack.
+For instance, \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called from the file
+\fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i+1\fP\fB]}\fP at line number
+\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
+The \fBcaller\fP builtin displays the current call stack using this
+information.
.TP
.B GROUPS
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
+The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
.TP 8
.B dirspell
If set,
.B COMMENTS
above). This option is enabled by default.
.TP 8
+.B lastpipe
+If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
+a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
+.TP 8
.B lithist
If set, and the
.B cmdhist
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 May 30<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 June 12<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
using the syntax <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>]=<I>value</I>. The
<I>subscript</I>
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
-greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array,
-use
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
+If
+<I>subscript</I>
+
+evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
+an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
+of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+To explicitly declare an indexed array, use
<B>declare -a </B><I>name</I>
(see
</FONT>
below).
-<I>length</I> must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
If <I>offset</I> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
is used as an offset from the end of the value of <I>parameter</I>.
+If <I>length</I> evaluates to a number less than zero, and <I>parameter</I>
+is not <B>@</B> and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
+as an offset from the end of the value of <I>parameter</I> rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
+two offsets.
If <I>parameter</I> is <B>@</B>, the result is <I>length</I> positional
parameters beginning at <I>offset</I>.
If <I>parameter</I> is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *,
changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
+<DT><B>compat41</B>
+
+<DD>
+@item compat41
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>,
+
+when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
+(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
+quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
+The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
<DT><B>dirspell</B>
<DD>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 May 30<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 June 12<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 07 June 2010 16:19:05 EDT
+Time: 29 June 2010 14:02:49 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 7 16:18:58 2010
+%%CreationDate: Tue Jun 29 14:02:43 2010
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E
(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0
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+(rray and a)-3.573 F F2<ad41>3.573 E F0 .751
+(option to specify an associati)108 124.8 R 1.051 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray)
+.15 E 5.751(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.751 E F2 -.18(re)3.251 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.251 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F2<ad61>3.252 E F0 .752
(option to assign a list of w)3.252 F .752(ords read)-.1 F .502
-(from the standard input to an array)108 108 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.502
-E F1(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F .502
-(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 120
-Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansio\
-n is performed on the command line after it has been split into w)108
-148.8 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk)
-.15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S .37(pansion performed:).15
-F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0
-(,).24 E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869
-E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .369
-(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 172.8 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e)
-2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24
-E .47(The order of e)108 189.6 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
-(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G
-.471(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
-(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 201.6 Q
+(from the standard input to an array)108 136.8 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he)
+-5.502 E F2(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F2(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F
+.502(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108
+148.8 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 165.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\
+pansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into w)
+108 177.6 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26
+(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 189.6 S .37
+(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E
+F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)
+2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1
+.369(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 201.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1
+(arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G
+(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)
+-.2 E F0(.).24 E .47(The order of e)108 218.4 R .471
+(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471
+(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .471
+(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
+(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 230.4 Q
(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
-(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 218.4 Q
-(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.5 E
-(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 235.2 R 1.487
+(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 247.2 Q
+(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E
+(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 264 R 1.487
(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487
(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
-(ex)108 247.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
+(ex)108 276 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
--.15 F -.15(ex)108 259.2 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
--2.5 E F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
+-.15 F -.15(ex)108 288 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
+-2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1
-(Brace Expansion)87 276 Q F3(Br)108.58 288 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)
--.2 E F0 .606
+SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2
+(Brace Expansion)87 304.8 Q F1(Br)108.58 316.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F
+(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
-.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 300 Q F3 .415(pathname e)
-2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
+.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 328.8 Q F1 .415
+(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 312 R F3(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 340.8 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
-.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
-F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 324 R .563
-(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563
-(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\
-ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \
-resulting string, e)108 336 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
-348 Q .718(Brace e)108 364.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719
-(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
+F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 352.8 R
+.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
+.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659
+(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
+ch resulting string, e)108 364.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
+108 376.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 393.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
+F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
-108 376.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
-108 393.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
-(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A
-F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F3(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F3(y)
+108 405.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0
+(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
+108 422.4 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
+(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A
+F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y)
3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
--.15 F(and)108 405.6 Q F3(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
+-.15 F(and)108 434.4 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
.532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G
.532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532
(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
-417.6 R F3(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F3(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
+446.4 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077
(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
-(same width.)108 429.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F3(x)2.514 E F0(or)
-2.514 E F3(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+(same width.)108 458.4 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or)
+2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
-(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 441.6 R
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 470.4 R
6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
-(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 453.6 S .541(pands to each character le)
-.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F3
+(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 482.4 S .541(pands to each character le)
+.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F1
(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G
-.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F3(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F3(y)3.042 E F0
-.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 465.6 R .182
+.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0
+.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 494.4 R .182
(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182
(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E
-(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 477.6 Q .581(Brace e)108 494.4
+(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 506.4 Q .581(Brace e)108 523.2
R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
-(are preserv)108 506.4 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
-(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
+(are preserv)108 535.2 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 518.4 Q
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 547.2 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 535.2 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132
-(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\
-t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 547.2 R 3.441
-(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
+-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 564 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(\
+xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\
+ one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 576 R 3.441(alid sequence e)
+-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
-(unchanged. A)108 559.2 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0
-.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
+(unchanged. A)108 588 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255
+(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
-(sion. T)108 571.2 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
+(sion. T)108 600 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 583.2 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
-as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
-108 600 R(longer than in the abo)108 612 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:)
-.15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 628.8 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G
-(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 640.8 Q(cho)144 652.8 Q
+F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 612 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\
+ shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
+108 628.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 640.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
+(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 657.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25
+G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 669.6 Q(cho)144 681.6 Q
(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 669.6 R .618
+-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 698.4 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
+.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 681.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 710.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 693.6 Q -.15
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 722.4 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
-(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F3(\214le{1,2})108 705.6 Q F0 .514
-(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
-(ord is output as)-.1 F F3 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e)
-3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
-(If strict compatibility with)108 717.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
-(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 729.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
-(2010 May 30)147.345 E(18)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh)
+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(18)
+197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(Ti)87 84 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0
-1.086(If a w)108 96 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F 1.086
-(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 84 Q F0 .514
+(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
+(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e)
+3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.015 E F0(.)
+A .437(If strict compatibility with)108 96 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 108 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)
+2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09
+E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 124.8 S
+(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 136.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F
+1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087
('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
\(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
-108 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0
-5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(i\
-n the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x f\
-ollo)108 120 R .726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2
-(lo)108 132 Q .523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+108 148.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
+-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\
+ are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 160.8 R .726
+(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 172.8 Q .523
+(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOME)108 144 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E
-F0 .287(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .287(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)
--.2 E(wise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory asso\
-ciated with the speci\214ed login name.)108 156 Q .093
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 172.8 R .092
+-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 184.8 Q/F4
+9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
+(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
+(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
+ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 196.8 Q .093
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 213.6 R .092
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 184.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
+5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 225.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642
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E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641
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F0 .813(is e)3.313 F .813
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-.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085
-(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 316.8 Q
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-F 6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E
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+F 6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.351 E
+F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he case)
-3.621 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional p\
-arameter in turn, and the e)144 340.8 R 1.335(xpansion is the)-.15 F
-1.308(resultant list.)144 352.8 R(If)6.308 E F1(par)5.058 E(ameter)-.15
+arameter in turn, and the e)144 393.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the)-.15 F
+1.308(resultant list.)144 405.6 R(If)6.308 E F2(par)5.058 E(ameter)-.15
E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F
-F2(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F2(*)3.808 E F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308
+F1(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F1(*)3.808 E F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308
(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F
(operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144
-364.8 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution)
-87 381.6 Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 393.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E
+417.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F1(Command Substitution)
+87 434.4 Q F2 1.698(Command substitution)108 446.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E
1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F
-1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 405.6 Q F2($\()144 427.2 Q
-F1(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 439.2 Q F2<92>144 451.2 Q F1
-(command)A F2<92>A(Bash)108 468 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019
-(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0
+1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 458.4 Q F1($\()144 480 Q
+F2(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 492 Q F1<92>144 504 Q F2(command)A
+F1<92>A(Bash)108 520.8 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019
+(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0
.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768
-(dard output of the command, with an)108 480 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768
+(dard output of the command, with an)108 532.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768
(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768
-F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 492 Q 3.218(ym)
--.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719
+F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 544.8 Q 3.218
+(ym)-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719
(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719
-(The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2
-(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 504 Q -.25(va)-.25
-G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2
-(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\
- used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 520.8 R(xcept)-.15 E
-.314(when follo)108 532.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2
-<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\
+(The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1
+(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 556.8 Q -.25(va)
+-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
+F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \
+is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 573.6 R(xcept)-.15
+E .314(when follo)108 585.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1
+<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\
e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \
-sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 544.8 R 1.387(using the $\()
-3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386
+sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 597.6 R 1.387(using the $\()
+3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386
(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G
3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F
-(mand; none are treated specially)108 556.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894
-(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 573.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H
+(mand; none are treated specially)108 609.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894
+(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 626.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H
.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F
-(quotes with backslashes.)108 585.6 Q .422
-(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 602.4 R .422
+(quotes with backslashes.)108 638.4 Q .422
+(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 655.2 R .422
(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15
-F(on the results.)108 614.4 Q F2(Arithmetic Expansion)87 631.2 Q F0
-1.034(Arithmetic e)108 643.2 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034
-(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F
-1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
-(The format for arithmetic e)108 655.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F2($\(\()
-144 672 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(\)\))A F0(The)108 688.8 Q
-F1 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165
-(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165
-(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074
-(treated specially)108 700.8 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F
-1.074(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074
-(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075
-(xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 712.8 Q -.25
-(va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 729.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F
-3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)
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-0 Cg EP
+F(on the results.)108 667.2 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 684 Q F0 1.034
+(Arithmetic e)108 696 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 84 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0
-(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E
-F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E
-(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F2(Pr)87 100.8 Q
-(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 112.8 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45
-F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F1
-(FIFOs)A F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F2(/de)3.471 E
-(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108
-124.8 R .021(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F2(<\()2.521 E F1
-(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F2(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F2(\)).833 E
-F0 5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021
-(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 136.8
-R F1(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F2(/de)2.558 E(v/fd)
+-.35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E
+(ession)-.37 E F0 .165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)
+2.906 F .165(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074
+(treated specially)108 96 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F 1.074
+(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074(go parameter e)
+-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075(xpansion, command)-.15 F
+(substitution, and quote remo)108 108 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5
+(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379
+(The e)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378
+(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)
+-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F
+(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
+(If)5.878 E F1 -.2(ex)108 136.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E
+-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0
+(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)
+-.1 E F4(Pr)87 153.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 165.6 Q .97
+(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971
+(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F1(FIFOs)A
+F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F4(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E
+F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 177.6 R .021
+(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4
+(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 5.021
+(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021
+(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 189.6
+R F1(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd)
-.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar)
-5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131
-(mand as the result of the e)108 148.8 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)
-2.63 E F2(>\()2.63 E F1(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0 .13
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--.15 F F1(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 160.8 Q F2(<\()2.5 E F1(list)A
-F2(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E
+-.15 F F1(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 213.6 Q F4(<\()2.5 E F1(list)A
+F4(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E
(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F1(list)2.5 E F0
-(.)A .896(When a)108 177.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\
+(.)A .896(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\
ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897
(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
-(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 189.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
--.75(Wo)87 206.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143
-(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 218.4 R 1.142
+(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4
+-.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143
+(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.142
(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142
-(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 230.4 Q
+(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q
F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063
-(The shell treats each character of)108 247.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063
+(The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F2(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063
+(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063
(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w)
--.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 259.2 R(If)6.789 E F3
+-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 312 R(If)6.789 E F2
(IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F
-(xactly)-.15 E F2(<space><tab><newline>)4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788
-(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 271.2 R F2
-(<space>)2.521 E F0(,)A F2(<tab>)2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F2
+(xactly)-.15 E F4(<space><tab><newline>)4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788
+(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 324 R F4
+(<space>)2.521 E F0(,)A F4(<tab>)2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F4
(<newline>)2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021
(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 283.2 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G
-.586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586
+(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 336 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G
+.586(equence of)-3.086 F F2(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586
(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585
-(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 295.2 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0
-1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117
-(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F2(space)3.617
-E F0(and)3.617 E F2(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be)
-108 307.2 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315
+(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 348 Q F2(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117
+(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117
+(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)3.617
+E F0(and)3.617 E F4(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be)
+108 360 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315
(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315
-(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 319.2 Q F0
-1.053(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053
-(haracter in)-3.553 F F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3
+(alue of)-.25 F F2(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F2(IFS)108 372 Q F0 1.053
+(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053
+(haracter in)-3.553 F F2(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F2
(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G
-(djacent)-3.554 E F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332
-(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 331.2 R 2.832(As)5.332 G
-.332(equence of)-2.832 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331
-(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108
-343.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E
-F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878
-(Explicit null ar)108 360 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F2 .833("").833 G F0
-(or)3.545 E F2 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.)
+(djacent)-3.554 E F2(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332
+(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 384 R 2.832(As)5.332 G
+.332(equence of)-2.832 F F2(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331
+(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 396
+Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0
+(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878
+(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G
+F0(or)3.545 E F4 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.)
-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879
-(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 372 S .177
+(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .177
(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G
.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap)
2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176
-(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 384 Q
-(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 400.8 Q
-(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F2 -.1(Pa)87 417.6 S
-(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 429.6 R .37
-(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F
2<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37
-(option has been set,)2.87 F F2(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F
-.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F2(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F2(?)2.871 E F0
-2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F2([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678
-(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 441.6 R .677
+(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 436.8 Q
+(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 453.6 Q
+(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 470.4 S
+(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 482.4 R .37
+(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F
4<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37
+(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F
+.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0
+2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678
+(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 494.4 R .677
(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F1(pattern)3.177 E
F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456
-(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 453.6 R
+(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 506.4 R
1.457(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F
-(option)108 465.6 Q F2(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)
-2.538 F .038(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F2
+(option)108 518.4 Q F4(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)
+2.538 F .038(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F4
(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .305
-(found, the w)108 477.6 R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805
-(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F2(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305
+(found, the w)108 530.4 R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805
+(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F4(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305
(shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F
-.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 489.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F2(nocaseglob)3.428
+.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F4(nocaseglob)3.428
E F0 .928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032
-(formed without re)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032
+(formed without re)108 554.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032
(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033
(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105
-(the character)108 513.6 R F2 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0
+(the character)108 566.4 R F4 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0
.105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104
(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G
-(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 525.6 R F2(dotglob)3.387 E F0
+(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 578.4 R F4(dotglob)3.387 E F0
.887(is set.)3.387 F .888
(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.887 F -.1(wa)
--.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 537.6 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166
-(.I)-.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F2 -.63(``)
+-.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 590.4 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166
+(.I)-.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F4 -.63(``)
3.666 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166
(character is not treated specially)6.166 F 6.165(.S)-.65 G 1.165
-(ee the description of)-6.165 F F2(shopt)3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25
-E(under)108 549.6 Q F3 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F(UIL)-.09 E .477
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.727 F F2
-(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F2(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F2(failglob)2.978
-E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F2(dotglob)2.978 E F0(shell options.)108
-561.6 Q(The)108 578.4 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F
+(ee the description of)-6.165 F F4(shopt)3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25
+E(under)108 602.4 Q F2 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F(UIL)-.09 E .477
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.727 F F4
+(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.978
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.131(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)
--.25 F F1(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F3(GLO-)2.63 E
-(BIGNORE)108 590.4 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\
-so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)
-4.265 E(remo)108 602.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004
-(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F2 -.63
-(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F2 -.63(``)2.503 G(..)
+-.25 F F1(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F2(GLO-)2.63 E
+(BIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\
+so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)
+4.265 E(remo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004
+(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F4 -.63
+(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F4 -.63(``)2.503 G(..)
.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .003(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .003
-(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045
-(set and not null.)108 614.4 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845
--.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046
+(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045
+(set and not null.)108 667.2 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845
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(to a non-null v)2.296 F .046(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046
-(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F2(dotglob)2.546 E F0 .614
-(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 626.4 R .614
-(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614
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(will match.)5.614 F 2.213 -.8(To g)5.614 H .613(et the old beha).8 F
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-(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0
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-.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F2(dotglob)2.957 E F0 .457
-(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 650.4 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0
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--2.5 E F0(An)108 684 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a \
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-F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 696 R 1.12
-(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12
-(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576
-(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 708 R .576
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--.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 720 Q(.)-.65 E
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(22)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(The special pattern characters ha)108 84 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 100.8
+-.35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a patt\
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+(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12
+(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576
+(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 108 R .576
+(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya)
+-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 120 Q(.)-.65 E
+(The special pattern characters ha)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 153.6
Q F0 .455(Matches an)31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455
(tring, including the null string.)-2.955 F .455(When the)5.455 F F1
(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)
-2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .315(used in a pathname e)144 112.8 R .314
+2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .315(used in a pathname e)144 165.6 R .314
(xpansion conte)-.15 F .314(xt, tw)-.15 F 2.814(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.814
E F1(*)2.814 E F0 2.814(su)C .314
(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-2.814 F 1.183
-(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 124.8 R 1.183
+(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 177.6 R 1.183
(If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383
-.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.684(sw)C 1.184
-(ill match)-3.684 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 136.8 Q F1
-(?)108 148.8 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E
-(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 160.8 Q F0 .257(Matches an)21.84 F 2.757(yo)-.15
+(ill match)-3.684 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 189.6 Q F1
+(?)108 201.6 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E
+(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 213.6 Q F0 .257(Matches an)21.84 F 2.757(yo)-.15
G .257(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.757 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257
(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .256(yphen denotes a)-.05 F
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 172.8 S(ng).15 E 3.289(ee)-.1 G
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 225.6 S(ng).15 E 3.289(ee)-.1 G
(xpr)-3.489 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.289(;a)C 1.089 -.15(ny c)-3.289 H .789
(haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789
(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.29(,u).15 G .79
-(sing the cur)-3.29 F(-)-.2 E .35(rent locale')144 184.8 R 2.85(sc)-.55
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G .35(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.85 F .349
(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .349(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.849
-E F0 .563(is a)144 196.8 R F1(!)3.063 E F0 .563(or a)5.563 F F1(^)3.063
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E F0 .564(then an)3.063 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564
(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .564
-(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 208.8 S
+(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 261.6 S
.467(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F .467
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F1<ad>3.576 E F0 1.077(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or\
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(may be)3.577 F
-(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 232.8
-Q -.4(Wi)144 250.8 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.915 E F0(and)2.915 E F1(])2.915 E
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(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F2(class)A F1
(:])A F0 2.914(,w)C(here)-2.914 E F2(class)2.914 E F0 .414(is one of)
-2.914 F(the follo)144 262.8 Q
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(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421
-(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 274.8 R 5.421
-(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 286.8 Q F0
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-.15 G .019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.519 F(The)5.018 E F1
-.1(wo)2.518 G(rd).1 E F0 .018(character class matches)2.518 F
-(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 310.8 Q -.4(Wi)144 328.8 S
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(thin).4 E F1([)3.546 E F0(and)3.546 E F1(])3.546 E F0 3.546(,a)C(n)
-3.546 E F2 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046
(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.547 E F2(c)A F1(=])
A F0 3.547(,w)C 1.047(hich matches all)-3.547 F(characters with the sam\
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E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2
(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)2.5 E
-F0(.)A .705(If the)108 375.6 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705
+F0(.)A .705(If the)108 428.4 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705
(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704
(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108
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(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255
(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E
F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)
-108 399.6 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 423.6 Q F2
+108 452.4 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 476.4 Q F2
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 435.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 447.6 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 459.6 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 471.6 Q F2
+(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 488.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 500.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
+(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 512.4 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 524.4 Q F2
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 483.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 495.6 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 507.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np)
-.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 519.6 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
-.833 E F0(Matches an)180 531.6 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)
--.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 548.4
-Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 560.4 R 1.113
+(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 536.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 560.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np)
+.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 572.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
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+-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 601.2
+Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 613.2 R 1.113
(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
-1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 572.4 Q .3
+1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 625.2 Q .3
-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 589.2 Q F0 .545
-(Before a command is e)108 601.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
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+(Before a command is e)108 654 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .617
-(by the shell.)108 613.2 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\
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-(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.274(ment. The)108 625.2 R(follo)3.274 E
+(by the shell.)108 666 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and \
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+(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.274(ment. The)108 678 R(follo)3.274 E
.774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774
(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .775(simple command)3.615 F F0(or)4.045 E
-(may follo)108 637.2 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G
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(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)
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- by a w)108 654 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 666 R F2
+ by a w)108 706.8 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 718.8 R F2
(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.499<618c>108 678 S
-.999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.499 F F2(varname)
-3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999(&- or <&- is preceded by {)
--3.499 F F2(varname)A F0 .998(}, the)B -.25(va)108 690 S(lue of).25 E F2
-(varname)2.5 E F0(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283
-(In the follo)108 706.8 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descrip\
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-.513(ion operator is)108 718.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
-(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
--3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 730.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
-(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(23)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.499<618c>108 730.8
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+(varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .824(The w)108 84 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+-.35 E -.25(va)108 84 S(lue of).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5
+E F0(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)
+108 100.8 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is \
+omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513
+(ion operator is)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012
+(,t)C .512
+(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
+-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
+(redirection operator is)108 124.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
+-2.5 E .824(The w)108 141.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .773
-(jected to brace e)108 96 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
+(jected to brace e)108 153.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .772
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .843
-(sion, quote remo)108 108 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843
-(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F
-.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(bash)3.344 E F0(reports an error)108 120 Q(.)-.55 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 136.8 Q -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 153.6 Q F1(>)2.5
-E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 170.4
-Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G
-(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 187.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0
-(dirlist)2.5 E .527(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 204 R
-F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)
--3.027 F .527(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
-(output before the standard output w)108 216 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2
-(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 232.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
+(sion, quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F
+.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843
+F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.344 E F0
+(reports an error)108 177.6 Q(.)-.55 E
+(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 194.4 Q -.15
+(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 211.2 Q F2(>)2.5
+E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A
+(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 228 Q
+F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 244.8
+Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527
+(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 261.6 R F1(dirlist)3.027
+E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527
+(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
+(output before the standard output w)108 273.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
+F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 290.4 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 244.8 Q F1(/de)144 261.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A
-F0(If)180 273.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15
-E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5
-E F1(/de)144 285.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)
-180 297.6 Q F1(/de)144 309.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 321.6 Q F1(/de)144 333.6 Q
-(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 345.6 Q F1(/de)
-144 357.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 369.6 Q
-F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 302.4 Q F2(/de)144 319.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A
+F0(If)180 331.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15
+E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5
+E F2(/de)144 343.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)
+180 355.2 Q F2(/de)144 367.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 379.2 Q F2(/de)144 391.2 Q
+(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 403.2 Q F2(/de)
+144 415.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 427.2 Q
+F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496
(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 381.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 439.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
--.1 E F1(/de)144 393.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)
-180 405.6 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+-.1 E F2(/de)144 451.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)
+180 463.2 Q F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497
(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 417.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 475.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
--.1 E 2.5(Af)108 434.4 S
+-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 492 S
(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E
(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\
-hould be used with care, as the)108 451.2 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
+hould be used with care, as the)108 508.8 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F
-(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
-480 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
+(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 520.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87
+537.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 492 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 504 Q F2(n)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
-(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
+108 549.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
+(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 561.6 Q F1
+(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
+(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q
-(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175
+(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 578.4 Q([)144 595.2 Q
+F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 612 Q(ecting Output)
+-.18 E F0 .175
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 566.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
-(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 578.4
-R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+108 624 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
+(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 636 R
+F1(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F
--.15(ex)108 590.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
+-.15(ex)108 648 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 607.2 Q([)144 624 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
-(If the redirection operator is)108 640.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
-.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 652.8 R
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 664.8 Q([)144 681.6 Q
+F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
+(If the redirection operator is)108 698.4 R F2(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
+.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 710.4 R
.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
-5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 664.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
-2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
-F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
-(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
--2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-693.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 705.6 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 717.6 R F2(n)2.974 E F0
-2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0
-.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
-729.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)
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+5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 722.4 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E
+F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
+(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
+(iltin command).2 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(24)
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%%Page: 25 25
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(The general format for appending output is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8
-Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>>)A F1(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 122.4 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)
--.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 134.4 R .249(ws both t\
-he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error outpu\
-t \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
-(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 146.4 Q
+-.35 E(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 84 Q -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 100.8 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)
+-.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 112.8 R .642
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 124.8 R F1(n)2.974 E F0
+2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.333 E F0
+.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
+136.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q
+F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 192 Q
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
+(This construct allo)108 204 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\
+e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
+(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 216 Q
(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108
-163.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+232.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2
-(&>)144 180 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 192 Q F2(>&)144 204 Q F1(wor)
-A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 220.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(&>)144 249.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 261.6 Q F2(>&)144 273.6 Q
+F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 290.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 237.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 259.2 S
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 307.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
+E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 328.8 S
(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
-(This construct allo)108 271.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+(This construct allo)108 340.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-283.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 300
-Q F2(&>>)144 316.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108
-333.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>>)144 350.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E
-F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 367.2 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5
-E F0 .33(This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input fro\
-m the current source until a line containing only)108 379.2 R F1
-(delimiter)108.35 391.2 Q F0 .615(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)
-3.845 F .615
+352.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
+369.6 Q F2(&>>)144 386.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+(This is semantically equi)108 403.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
+(>>)144 420 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87
+436.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\
+nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\
+ontaining only)108 448.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 460.8 Q F0 .615
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
-F(dard input for a command.)108 403.2 Q
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 420 Q F2(<<)144 436.8 Q F0([)A F2
-<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 448.8 Q(e-document)-.37 E
-(delimiter)144 460.8 Q F0 .127(No parameter e)108 477.6 R .127
+F(dard input for a command.)108 472.8 Q
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 489.6 Q F2(<<)144 506.4 Q F0([)A
+F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 518.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E
+(delimiter)144 530.4 Q F0 .127(No parameter e)108 547.2 R .127
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127
(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .128(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108
-489.6 Q F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.775(.I).77 G 3.275(fa)-5.775 G
+559.2 Q F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.775(.I).77 G 3.275(fa)-5.775 G
1.075 -.15(ny c)-3.275 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E
F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774
(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G(n)
-3.274 E F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.274(,a).77 G(nd)-3.274 E .904
-(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 501.6 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
+(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 571.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
-.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .905
(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .695
-(subjected to parameter e)108 513.6 R .695
+(subjected to parameter e)108 583.2 R .695
(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.194
(xpansion. In)-.15 F .694(the latter case, the)3.194 F
-(character sequence)108 525.6 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
+(character sequence)108 595.2 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)
2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
-(If the redirection operator is)108 542.4 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
-(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 554.4 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
-(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
+(If the redirection operator is)108 612 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)
+C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
+ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 624 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G
+(his allo)-5 E
(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 571.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
-2.5(Av)108 583.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2
-(<<<)144 600 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 616.8 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37
-E F0(is e)2.5 E
+-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 640.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
+2.5(Av)108 652.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2
+(<<<)144 669.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 686.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)
+-.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E
(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F2
-(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 633.6 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
-645.6 Q([)144 662.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 679.2 R(If)5.127 E
+(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 703.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
+715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(25)197.335 E 0 Cg
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
+(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 100.8 R(If)5.127 E
F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-691.2 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
+112.8 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 703.2 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor)
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 124.8 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor)
2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F0
2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149
(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
-2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 715.2 Q
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(25)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(The operator)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A
-F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .443
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 117.6 R
+2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 136.8 Q
+(The operator)108 153.6 Q([)144 170.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A
+(d)-.37 E F0 .443
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 187.2 R
(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444
(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 129.6 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor)
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 199.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor)
4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 141.6 R 2.596
+utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 211.2 R 2.596
(as)2.596 G .096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 .096
(is omitted, and)2.596 F F1(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)
2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
-(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 153.6 Q
-(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 170.4 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)
-A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
+(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 223.2 Q
+(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 240 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 252 Q([)144 268.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A
+F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 285.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1(digit)3.036 E F0 .536
(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)
-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1
-(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 228 Q F1(digit)5 E
-F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(Similarly)108 244.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
-144 261.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 278.4 Q
+(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 297.6 Q F1(digit)5
+E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
+(Similarly)108 314.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
+144 331.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 348 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1
(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0
2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286
(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1(n)2.786 E F0
-.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 290.4 Q F2
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 307.2 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A
-F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-352.8 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
+.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 360 Q F2
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 376.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 388.8 Q([)144 405.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)
+A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
+422.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor)
-108 364.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
+108 434.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 381.6 Q F1(Aliases)108 393.6 Q F0(allo)3.173
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 451.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 463.2 Q F0(allo)3.173
E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 405.6 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 475.2 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0
(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 417.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
+F(\(see)108 487.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
-(check)108 429.6 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
+(check)108 499.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
-F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 441.6 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0
+F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 511.2 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0
1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 453.6 R 1.12
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 523.2 R 1.12
(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
-(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 465.6 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
+(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 535.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.296(not e)108 477.6 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+.296(not e)108 547.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2
.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2
-(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 489.6 R
+(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 559.2 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543
(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne)
--3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 501.6 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 571.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 518.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
+E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 588 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2
(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284
-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 535.2 R .284
+(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 604.8 R .284
(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E
.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see)
-108 547.2 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
-(Aliases are not e)108 564 R 1.22
+108 616.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
+(Aliases are not e)108 633.6 R 1.22
(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u)
.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22
-(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 576 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 645.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
E .436
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-592.8 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
+662.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337
-(one complete line of input before e)108 604.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
+(one complete line of input before e)108 674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338
-(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 616.8 S .904
+(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 686.4 S .904
(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904
(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161
-(another command does not tak)108 628.8 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
+(another command does not tak)108 698.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277
-(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 640.8 R .277
+(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 710.4 R .277
(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha)
2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108
-652.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F
+722.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F
.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\
-n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495
-(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 664.8
-R .494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084
-(tion are not a)108 676.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084
-(ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584
-(cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F
--.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F
-(rate line, and do not use)108 688.8 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
-(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 705.6 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)
--2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
+(2010 June 12)147.345 E(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 84 Q F0 3.468(As)108 96 S
-.968(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F3 9
+-.35 E .495
+(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 84 R
+.494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084
+(tion are not a)108 96 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084
+(ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584
+(cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F
+-.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F
+(rate line, and do not use)108 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E
+F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 124.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)
+-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 141.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 153.6 S .968
+(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
+H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F
-1.001(later e)108 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(t\
-he name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the list \
-of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108
-120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F
+1.001(later e)108 165.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002
+(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\
+t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108
+177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15
-F .035(shell; no ne)108 132 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
+F .035(shell; no ne)108 189.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
-F .64(function is e)108 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
+F .64(function is e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 156 R
-/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)3.032 E F0 .532
-(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .533
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 213.6
+R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .533
(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F
-(ment of the)108 168 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
+(ment of the)108 225.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108
-184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
+242.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
-1.048(these e)108 196.8 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F2(DEB)3.548 E(UG)
--.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F4(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048
-(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F4(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F2(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 208.8 S(IL)
+1.048(these e)108 254.4 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG)
+-.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048
+(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 266.4 S(IL)
.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F4(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
-.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 220.8 R F2(declar)
+-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
+.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 278.4 R F3(declar)
2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
--.25 F F4 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F4(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 232.8 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F4
-(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F4(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
-(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321
-F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 244.8 Q F4(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 261.6 S .655
-(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F4(local)
+-.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
+(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 290.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1
+(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
+(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321
+F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 302.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
+(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 319.2 S .655
+(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local)
3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E
-3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 273.6 Q
+3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 331.2 Q
(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
-(The)108 290.4 Q F4(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028
+(The)108 348 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028
(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108
-302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
+360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.)
--.15 E .043(If the b)108 319.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F4 -.18(re)
+-.15 E .043(If the b)108 376.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re)
2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 331.2 R 1.012
+.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 388.8 R 1.012
(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G
-1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F4(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011
-(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 343.2 R
+1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011
+(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 400.8 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213
(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
(alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter)
-108 355.2 Q F4(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
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2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)
-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359
-(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 372 R F4
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-(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F4(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89
+(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 429.6 R F1
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(will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F
-.327(\214le and line number)108 396 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G
-(he)-2.827 E F4(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326
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(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326
-(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 408 R 1.597
--.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F4<ad66>3.797 E F0
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(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161
-(deleted using the)108 420 R F4<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the)2.661
-F F4(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16
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(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25
F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108
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-(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 444 Q
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(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E
-(Functions may be recursi)108 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol)
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-5 G(imit is imposed on the number of recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
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-(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 489.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)
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-(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F4(let)4.797 E F0
-(and)4.797 E F4(declar)108 501.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205
-(iltin commands and).2 F F4 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705
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(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15
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(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428
(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G
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(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F
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(ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10
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-(va)144 566.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F4(++)108
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 84 Q F0(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15
-E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 96 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)
-108 108 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||)108 120 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E/F2
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-108 156 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5
-(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 168 Q F2 -.2(ex)108
-180 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 192 Q
-.68(Shell v)108 208.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68
-(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<< >>)108 84 Q F0
+(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 96 Q F0
+(comparison)144 108 Q F1(== !=)108 120 Q F0(equality and inequality)
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+(conditional operator)144 204 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 216 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5
+(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)
+-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 228 Q F2 -.2(ex)108 240 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E
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+(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 220.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4
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F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter)
--.25 F -.15(ex)108 232.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G
+-.25 F -.15(ex)108 292.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G
1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466
-(using the parameter e)108 244.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467
+(using the parameter e)108 304.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467
(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39
-(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 256.8 R 1.389
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(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he)
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(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is)
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2.843 F .343(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843
(As)5.343 G .343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643
-.15(ve i)-.2 H .343(ts inte).15 F .344(ger attrib)-.15 F .344
-(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 280.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E
+(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 340.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E
1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108
-297.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F
-(xadecimal.)-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 309.6 R 2.612(et)-.1
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G .112(he form [)-2.612 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2
(base)2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534
-(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 321.6 R F2(n)3.034 E F0 .534
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(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F2(base#)3.033 E F0 .533
(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .915
-(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 333.6 R .916
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(wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F(order)
-108 345.6 Q 5.671(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.671 E F2(base)3.171 E F0 .671
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(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.171 F .67
(wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F
-(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 357.6 Q .234(Operators are e)
-108 374.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F
+(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 417.6 Q .234(Operators are e)
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(Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
-G .235(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 386.4 S
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(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95
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-(Conditional e)108 415.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)
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2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and)
2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F
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(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77
(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041
-(unary or binary primaries.)108 439.2 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F2
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(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04
(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.54 E
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Q F2(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E
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F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E
-(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E F1<ad61>108 534 Q F2
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(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)
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2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 570 Q F2
+(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 630 Q F2
(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)
-2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 582 Q F2
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(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)
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-(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 606 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58
+(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58
G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
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+(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 678 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
-.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 630 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
+(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
-.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.)
--2.5 E F1<ad70>108 642 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E
+-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E
F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15
-E F1<ad72>108 654 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2
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-666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
--.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74>108
-678 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2
-(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 690 Q
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-(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77>108
-702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
--.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 714 Q F2(\214le)
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(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
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-108 196.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F2(%ce)3.09 E
-F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 208.8 Q F2(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463
+108 285.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F5(%ce)3.09 E
+F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 297.6 Q F5(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463
E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963
-(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F2(bash)3.463 E F0 .963
-(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F2(%?ce)3.463 E
+(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F5(bash)3.463 E F0 .963
+(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F5(%?ce)3.463 E
F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087
-(hand, refers to an)108 220.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
-(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F2(ce)2.587 E F0 .087
+(hand, refers to an)108 309.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
+(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F5(ce)2.587 E F0 .087
(in its command line.)2.587 F .087
-(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 232.8 Q F2
+(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 321.6 Q F5
(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018
-(he symbols)-5.018 F F2(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F2(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
+(he symbols)-5.018 F F5(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F5(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F
-F1(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is)
--2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 244.8 R .495
+F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is)
+-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 333.6 R .495
(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
-(The)5.494 E F1(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494
-(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 256.8 R F2<25ad>3.287 E F0
-5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F2
-(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F2<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788
+(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494
+(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 345.6 R F5<25ad>3.287 E F0
+5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F5
+(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F5<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788
(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E
-.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 268.8 R F2
+.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 357.6 R F5
(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa)
--.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre)
-108
280.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411
+-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F5(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre)
+108
369.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F5<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411
(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411
(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(rent job)108 292.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444
-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 309.6 R
-(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
--.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
+(rent job)108 381.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444
+(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 398.4 R
+(ground:)-.15 E F5(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
+-.15 F F5 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
-321.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
+410.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F5 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F
-(equi)108 333.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
-.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 350.4
+(equi)108 422.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F5 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
+.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 439.2
R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F
-(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
+(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 362.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 451.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158
-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F
2<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 374.4 Q F2(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G
-1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451
+(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F
5<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
+(option to)2.658 F(the)108 463.2 Q F5(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G
+1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F5(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451
(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15
-(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.951 E
-F0(is)3.701 E -.15(exe)108 386.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E
-(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 403.2 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)
-2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4
-G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 415.2 R F2
+(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)3.951 E F0(is)3.701 E -.15
+(exe)108 475.2 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .032
+(If an attempt to e)108 492 R(xit)-.15 E F5(bash)2.532 E F0 .032
+(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)
+-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F5(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
+(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 504 R F5
(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02
(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019
-(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019
+(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F5(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019
(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
-427.2 R(The)5.458 E F2(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459
+516 R(The)5.458 E F5(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459
(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a)
-5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 439.2 R .604
+5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 528 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 451.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 468 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 480
-R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)
--.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3
-(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826
-(and the secondary prompt)108 492 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825
-(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F2(Bash)6.825 E
+(and an)108 540 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F6
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 556.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108
+568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15
+E(,)-.65 E F5(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F
+F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826
+(and the secondary prompt)108 580.8 R F1(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825
+(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F5(Bash)6.825 E
F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\
ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\
- are)108 504 R(decoded as follo)108 516 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 528 Q F0
-(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F2(\\d)144 540 Q F0
+ are)108 592.8 R(decoded as follo)108 604.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F5(\\a)144
+616.8 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F5(\\d)144 628.8 Q F0
(the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
-(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 552 Q F1(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 564
-Q F1(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F1(strftime)3.927 E F0
-1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B
-(empty)180 576 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0
+(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F5(\\D{)144 640.8 Q F3(format)A F5(})A F0(the)180
+652.8 Q F3(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F3(strftime)
+3.927 E F0 1.427
+(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
+664.8 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 588 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F2(\\h)144 600 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 612 Q F0
-(the hostname)25.44 E F2(\\j)144 624 Q F0
-(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F2(\\l)144
-636 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
--2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F2(\\n)144 648 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2
-(\\r)144 660 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F2(\\s)144 672 Q F0
-(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F2($0)2.5 E F0
-(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F2(\\t)144
-684 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F2(\\T)144
-696 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F2(\\@)144
-708 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E(GNU Bash-4.1)
-72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(33)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(The braces are required)5 E F5(\\e)144 676.8 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F5(\\h)144 688.8 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F5(\\H)144 700.8 Q F0
+(the hostname)25.44 E F5(\\j)144 712.8 Q F0
+(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E(GNU Bash-4.1)
+72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(33)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 34 34
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BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\A)144 84 Q F0
-(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 96 Q F0
-(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 108 Q F0(the v)
-28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)
-144 120 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\l)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the shell')
+30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 96 Q
+F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 108 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E
+F1(\\s)144 120 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1
+($0)2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E
+F1(\\t)144 132 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E
+F1(\\T)144 144 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E
+F1(\\@)144 156 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1
+(\\A)144 168 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)
+144 180 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 192 Q
+F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E
+F1(\\V)144 204 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C
(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))
--2.5 E F1(\\w)144 132 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115
+-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115
(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0
SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)
--.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 144 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36
-E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 156 Q F0
+-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 228 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36
+E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 240 Q F0
(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)
-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)
--.25 E F1(\\!)144 168 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1
-(\\#)144 180 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144
-192 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a)
-.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 204 Q
+-.25 E F1(\\!)144 252 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1
+(\\#)144 264 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144
+276 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a)
+.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 288 Q
/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F1
-(\\\\)144 216 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 228 Q F0
+(\\\\)144 300 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 312 Q F0
(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\
d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt)
-180 240 Q F1(\\])144 252 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters)
+180 324 Q F1(\\])144 336 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters)
29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif)
-108 268.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F
+108 352.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F
1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\
- from the history \214le \(see)108 280.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)
--.315 E F0(belo)108 292.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\
+ from the history \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)
+-.315 E F0(belo)108 376.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\
osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541
-(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 304.8 R
+(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 388.8 R
.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 316.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852
-F(description of the)108 328.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
+F(description of the)108 412.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 345.6 Q F0 .151
+-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 429.6 Q F0 .151
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 357.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 369.6 R -.15
+108 441.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 453.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209
(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G
-3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 381.6 Q .95
+3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 465.6 Q .95
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F
3.449(Av)5.949 G .949(i-style line editing interf)-3.449 F .949
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 393.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 477.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 405.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS)
+(\(see)108 489.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS)
-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E
-(emacs)108 417.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 434.4 Q
+(emacs)108 501.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 518.4 Q
F0 .567(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
-108 446.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
+108 530.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
3.068 G .568(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A
-1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 458.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)
+1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 542.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)
-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152
-(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 470.4 S .83
+(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 554.4 S .83
(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65
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-(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E
-(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E
-.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\d)144 84 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144
+96 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 108 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
+(\\r)144 120 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 132 Q F0
+(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 144 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab)
+.15 E F1(\\)144 156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
+(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144
+168 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)
+-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E
+2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141
+(When entering the te)108 184.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\
+ quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09
+(Unquoted te)108 196.8 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F
+.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089
+(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108
+208.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
+(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E
+F1(Bash)108 225.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25
+F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0
-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046
-(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .346 -.15
+(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 237.6 R .346 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045
(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045
-(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 249.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
-(Readline V)87 194.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 206.4
+(Readline V)87 266.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 278.4
R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E
-F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 235.2 Q F2
+(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 290.4 Q(c)-.37 E
+F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 307.2 Q F2
(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108
-252 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)
+324 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)
-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29
F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)
-108 264 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F
+108 336 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F
.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449
-(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
+(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)
2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25
F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467
(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108
-288 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 304.8 Q F0 .01
-(Controls what happens when readline w)144 316.8 R .011
+360 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 376.8 Q F0 .01
+(Controls what happens when readline w)144 388.8 R .011
(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none)
2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E
-.94(rings the bell.)144 328.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E
+.94(rings the bell.)144 400.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E
F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25
(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0
-(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 340.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G
-(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 352.8 Q F0
-.055(If set to)144 364.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\
+(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 412.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G
+(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 424.8 Q F0
+.055(If set to)144 436.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\
empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F
-(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 376.8 Q -.15
+(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 448.8 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 388.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))
--.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 400.8 R
+-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 460.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))
+-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 472.8 R
F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 412.8 Q F1
+3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 484.8 Q F1
(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
-(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 424.8 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 436.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 496.8 Q
+(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 508.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\
insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr)
-108 448.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\
+108 520.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\
in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\
- that is displayed)144 460.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 472.8 R
+ that is displayed)144 532.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 544.8 R
1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274
(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274
-(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 484.8 S(lue are replaced with a\
+(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 556.8 S(lue are replaced with a\
n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 496.8 Q F0 .529
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 508.8 R .53
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 568.8 Q F0 .529
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 580.8 R .53
(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
-144 520.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)
+144 592.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)
3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56
(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144
-532.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
-qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S .237
+604.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
+qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 616.8 S .237
(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
-.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 556.8 Q F1(con)108
-568.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 580.8
+.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 628.8 Q F1(con)108
+640.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 652.8
R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4
G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913
-.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 592.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041
-F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))
-108 616.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 628.8 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C
+144 664.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041
+F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 676.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))
+108 688.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C
.038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 640.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 652.8 Q F0 .253
-(Controls whether readline be)144 664.8 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15
-F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0
-(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.252 E F0
-(can be set to either)144 676.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 688.8 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
-1.21(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G
-1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
-(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1
-G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(36)197.335 E
-0 Cg EP
+144 712.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E
+F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(36)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 37 37
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable\255k)108 84 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0
-.893(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .253
+(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
+.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF(emacs)2.752 E F0(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)
+5.252 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1
+(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 120 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18
+E F0 1.21(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71
+G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
+(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
+(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 144 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 156 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893
+(When set to)144 168 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 108 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 120 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
-(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 180 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
+G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 192 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
+(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 144 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 216 Q
(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1
-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0
+(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 228 Q F0(If set to)144 240 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
--.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 192 R F1(on)
+-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 252 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 264 R F1(on)
3.993 E F0 3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at \
-the same location on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 204 Q -.15
+the same location on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 276 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history\255size \(0\))108 216 Q F0 .462
-(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+(history\255size \(0\))108 288 Q F0 .462
+(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 300 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463
(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F
-(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 240 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 252 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
-(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
+(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 312 Q F1
+(horizontal\255scr)108 324 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
+(When set to)144 336 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
- ne)144 276 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 288 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 300
-Q F0 .228(If set to)144 312 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \
+ ne)144 348 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 360 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 372
+Q F0 .228(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \
will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\
-rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 324 R -.05
+rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 396 R -.05
(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F
-(synon)144 336 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 348 Q
+(synon)144 408 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 420 Q
(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\
-thout subsequently e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934
-(ing the character as a command.)144 372 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
+thout subsequently e)144 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934
+(ing the character as a command.)144 444 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
-(alue, the characters)-3.685 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.435 E F0
-(and)144 384 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)
-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 396 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021
-(Set the current readline k)144 408 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F
-2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021
-(map names is).15 F F2 2.02(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E
-.068(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 420 R F0 2.568
-(,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0
-.068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)
-2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 432 R -.25(va)-.25
+(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 456 Q F2
+(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
+108 468 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144
+480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
+(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02
+(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068
+(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 492 R F0 2.568(,a)C
+(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068
+(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)
+2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 504 R -.25(va)-.25
G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C
1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs)
4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 444 Q(fects the def)-.25
-E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 456 Q
-(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 468 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
+(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 516 Q(fects the def)-.25
+E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 528 Q
+(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 540 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.)
-.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 480 Q F0(If set to)144
-492 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
+.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 552 Q F0(If set to)144
+564 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1
-(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 504 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
-(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)2.675 E F0
+(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 576 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
+(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.675 E F0
2.675(,c)C .175
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(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
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-(output\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 .507(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)
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3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\
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-.808(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808
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-(sho)108 96 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .477
-(This alters the def)144 108 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477
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(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on)
2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)-3.078 F .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
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-(sho)108 144 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345
-(This alters the def)144 156 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
+isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 192 R(bell.)144 204 Q F1
+(sho)108 216 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345
+(This alters the def)144 228 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to)
--.1 F F1(sho)144 168 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.923(.I)C
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(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F
3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\
-s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 192 Q F1
-(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 216 R
+s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 264 Q F1
+(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 276 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 288 R
F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095
(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094
-(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 228 Q
+(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 300 Q
2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046
(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1
F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \
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-1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 252 Q
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(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1
-(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 264 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)
+(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)
3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346
(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
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-(when listing possible completions.)144 288 Q F1
-(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 304.8 Q F0 .05
-(Readline implements a f)108 316.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
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+(Readline implements a f)108 388.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
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-(which allo)108 328.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
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(indings and v).15 F .096
(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
-(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
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F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\
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-(or the application using readline.)144 369.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477
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(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477
(xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F
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12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0
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-(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 463.2 R
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(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 475.2 Q F1(=)3.231
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E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\
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-
487.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
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559.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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(vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F
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+E .698(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .698
(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F
.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112
-(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 136.8 R .112
+(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 218.4 R .112
(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1
E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542
-(incremental search requires only as man)108 148.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G
+(incremental search requires only as man)108 230.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G
.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F
5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224
-(acters present in the v)108 160.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)
+(acters present in the v)108 242.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)
2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224
(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66
-(If that v)108 172.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
+(If that v)108 254.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25
-F .096(mental search.)108 184.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\
+F .096(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\
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(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\
-e search string becomes the current line.)108 196.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)
-108 213.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\
+e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)
+108 295.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\
ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674
-(search backw)108 225.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674
+(search backw)108 307.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674
(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675
(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675
-(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 237.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1
+(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 319.2 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1
H .174
(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E
-.54(instance, a)108 249.6 R F3(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
+.54(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108
-261.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108
-278.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653
+343.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108
+360 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653
(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E
-(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 290.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
+(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.)
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-(The follo)108 348 R 1.391
+rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.392
+(The follo)108 429.6 R 1.391
(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
-3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 360 R .121
+3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .121
(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1
H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122
-(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 372 Q F3(point)3.411 E
-F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F3(mark)3.411
-E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db)
-.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 384 Q F0 2.5
+(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.411
+E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)
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+(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5
(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E
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+A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 328.8 Q F0 .552
+(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 340.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553
(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F
.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F
-.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 316.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 328.8 S
+.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 352.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 364.8 S
(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 340.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 376.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474
(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F
-(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 352.8 Q F1
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 364.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144
-376.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
+(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 388.8 Q F1
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 400.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144
+412.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279
G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279
-(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 388.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
-(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 400.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0
-(Insert a tab character)144 412.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1
-(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 424.8 Q F0
-(Insert the character typed.)144 436.8 Q F1
-(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 448.8 Q F0 .322
-(Drag the character before point forw)144 460.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15
+(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 424.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
+(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 436.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0
+(Insert a tab character)144 448.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1
+(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 460.8 Q F0
+(Insert the character typed.)144 472.8 Q F1
+(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 484.8 Q F0 .322
+(Drag the character before point forw)144 496.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321
(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144
-472.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 484.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E
+508.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E
+-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 520.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E
.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
-(transpose\255w)108 496.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144
-508.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+(transpose\255w)108 532.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144
+544.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)
-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F
-(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 520.8 Q 2.5
-(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 532.8 Q
+(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 556.8 Q 2.5
+(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 568.8 Q
(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144
-544.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F
+580.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699
-(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 556.8 S(rd, b).1
-E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 568.8 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 580.8 Q 1.648
+(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 592.8 S(rd, b).1
+E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 604.8 Q
+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 616.8 Q 1.648
(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148
(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre)
--.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 592.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 604.8 Q
+-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 628.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
+-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 640.8 Q
(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144
-616.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F
+652.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975
-(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 628.8 S(rd, b)
+(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 664.8 S(rd, b)
.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108
-640.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 652.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15
+676.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 688.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438
(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437
(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 664.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
+(Wi)144 700.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F
-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 676.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)
+(fects)-.25 E(only)144 712.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)
4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re)
4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968
-(mode. In)144 688.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468
+(mode. In)144 724.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468
(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0
-1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958
-(pushing the te)144 700.8 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957
-(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0
-.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 712.8
-Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
-(2010 May 30)147.345 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Killing and Y)87 84 Q(anking)-.85 E
-(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 96 Q F0(Kill the te)144 108 Q
-(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 120 Q F0(Kill backw)144
-132 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 144 Q F0(Kill backw)144 156 Q
-(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
+-.35 E .958(pushing the te)144 84 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957
+(Characters bound to)5.958 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457
+F(before point with a space.)144 96 Q(By def)5 E
+(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 112.8 Q
+(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 124.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144
+136.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 148.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
+144 160.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 172.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 184.8
+Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
--2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 168 Q F0
+-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 196.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-180 Q F1(kill\255w)108 192 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 204 R .729
+208.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 220.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 232.8 R .729
(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 216 S
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 244.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 228 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 240 Q(ord behind point.)-.1
-E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 252 Q
+(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 256.8 Q
+(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 268.8 Q(ord behind point.)
+-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
+(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 280.8 Q
(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 264 R .728
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 292.8 R .728
(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 276 S
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 304.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
-108 288 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 300 R 3.025
-(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
+108 316.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 328.8 R
+3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
-5.525 E(ward\255w)144 312 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 324 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 336 R .365
+5.525 E(ward\255w)144 340.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 352.8 Q
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 364.8 R .365
(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1
F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144
-348 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 360 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144
-372 R .166
+376.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 388.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)
+144 400.8 R .166
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 384 Q
+-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 412.8 Q
(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 396 Q F0
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 408 Q F1(kill\255r)108 420
-Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 432 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
-(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 444 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
-144 456 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 424.8 Q F0
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 436.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
+448.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 460.8 Q(xt in the current re)
+-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 472.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E
+F0(Cop)144 484.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 468 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 480 Q 4.801(yt)-.1
-G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2
-E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 492 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 504 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0
-(Cop)144 516 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F
-2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55
-G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25
-(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 528 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(yank \(C\255y\))108 540 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 552 S
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 496.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 508.8 Q 4.801
+(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F
+(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 520.8
+Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 532.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
+F0(Cop)144 544.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)
+-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008
+(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1
+F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 556.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)
+A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 568.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 580.8 S
(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 564 Q F0
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 576 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 592.8 Q F0
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 604.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 592.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 604.8 Q
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 621.6 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 633.6 Q
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 616.8 R .641
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 645.6 R .641
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18
(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-)
--.15 E(ati)144 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
-(uni)108 640.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
-(This is another w)144 652.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
+-.15 E(ati)144 657.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
+(uni)108 669.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
+(This is another w)144 681.6 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-664.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-676.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+693.6 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+705.6 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 688.8 R .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 717.6 R .898
(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
-(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 700.8 R .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 729.6 R .243
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 712.8 Q .378
-(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
-(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
-.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 724.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
--2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)
+147.345 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 84 Q(complete \(T)108 96 Q
-(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R
-1.137(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .533(xt as a v)
+-.35 E(ar)144 84 Q .378(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .378(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378
+(es the ar)-.1 F .378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 96 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G
+(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)
+-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 112.8 Q(complete \(T)108
+124.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144
+136.8 R 1.137(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 148.8 Q .533(xt as a v)
-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 132 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
+144 160.8 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w)
--.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by)
-.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 204 Q F0(.)A F1
-(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 228 R F1(complete)
-3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929
-(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194
-(possible completions.)144 240 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 172.8 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 184.8 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 196.8 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 208.8 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 220.8 R .783
+(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
+.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
+232.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 244.8 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
+256.8 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
+F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
+1.194(possible completions.)144 268.8 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 280.8 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
-(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727
-(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E
-F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 292.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
+3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
+.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
+E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
+(positions forw)144 304.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 288 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
-E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)
--.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 300 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c)-5.56 -10 M
-(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 312 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E
-F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E
-.82(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
-.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234
-(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735
-E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
-2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q
+E(through the list.)144 316.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
+5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E
+(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 328.8 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c)
+-5.56 -10 M(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 340.8 R F1
+(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
+(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
+(menu\255complete)144 352.8 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg)
+.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
+F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 364.8 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 376.8 R
+.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
+2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 388.8 R -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
+(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
+(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 400.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 412.8 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 424.8 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 436.8 Q
+F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 448.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q
+(complete\255user)108 460.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 472.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
+108 484.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 496.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q
+508.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144
+520.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1(possible\255v)108 532.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E
+F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 544.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 556.8 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 568.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 580.8 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 592.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F0 .58
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 604.8 Q F0 .58
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 616.8 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R
+(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 628.8 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 640.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 652.8 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 664.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 676.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 688.8 R .425
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F1(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
-(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72
-768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(for possible completion matches.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
+(2010 June 12)147.345 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108
-84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lename completion and insert the list of possibl\
-e completions enclosed within braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q
--.25(va)-.2 G(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E
-F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr)
-.25 E(os)-.18 E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dab)108 84 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
+(\255expand).15 E F0 .611(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 96 R
+.611(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
+(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 108 Q F1
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 120 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
+me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
+in braces so)144 132 R(the list is a)144 144 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 160.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 172.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F0(Be)144 184.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 196.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 208.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F0(Re-e)144 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
-ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
-(Miscellaneous)87 2
25.6 Q -.18(re)108 237.6 S<ad72>.18 E
+ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 244.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
+(Miscellaneous)87 2
61.6 Q -.18(re)108 273.6 S<ad72>.18 E
(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
-(Read in the contents of the)144 249.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
+(Read in the contents of the)144 285.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)
-.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F
-(found there.)144 261.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 273.6 Q F0 3.249
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 285.6 R
+(found there.)144 297.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 309.6 Q F0 3.249
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 321.6 R
5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 297.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 309.6 Q
+(bell\255style)144 333.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 345.6 Q
(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 321.6 R F2(x)
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 357.6 R F2(x)
4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756
(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F
-(uppercase character)144 333.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 345.6 Q
-(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 357.6 Q
+(uppercase character)144 369.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 381.6 Q
+(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 393.6 Q
(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0
(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 369.6 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 381.6 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 393.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 405.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
+(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 405.6 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 417.6 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 429.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 441.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
-(return the line to its initial state.)144 417.6 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 429.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 441.6 Q
+(return the line to its initial state.)144 453.6 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 465.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 477.6 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 453.6 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 465.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 489.6 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 501.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 477.6 Q F0(Sw)
-144 489.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 513.6 Q F0(Sw)
+144 525.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 513.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144
-525.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+144 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 549.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144
+561.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 537.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 549.6 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 561.6 S 1.043
+144 573.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 585.6 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 597.6 S 1.043
(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 573.6 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 585.6 Q F0 1.827
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 597.6 R 2.126 -.15
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 609.6 Q F1
+(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 621.6 Q F0 1.827
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 633.6 R 2.126 -.15
(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 609.6 R
+-.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 645.6 R
.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 621.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
+.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 657.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15
(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F
(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\
-ing stray characters into the editing b)144 633.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
-5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 645.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+ing stray characters into the editing b)144 669.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
+5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 681.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-657.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 669.6 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
+693.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 705.6 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 681.6 Q .097
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 717.6 Q .097
(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098
(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E
-.322(the characters at the be)144 693.6 R .321
+.322(the characters at the be)144 729.6 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is)
--.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 705.6 R F1
-(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
-(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 717.6 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
-1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 729.6 Q F0 2.572
-(causes this command to mak)5.072 F 5.072(et)-.1 G 2.572
-(he current line a shell comment.)-5.072 F 2.573(If a numeric)7.572 F
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(ar)144 84 Q(gument causes the comment character to be remo)-.18 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(glob\255complete\255w)
-108 96 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 108 R .791
+-.35 E .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 84 R/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832
+(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
+(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 96 R 1.468
+(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
+1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 108 Q F0 .839
+(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 120 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 132 Q
+(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 144 R .791
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791
-(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 120
+(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 156
R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\
-ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 132 Q
-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 144 R .372
+ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 168 Q
+(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 180 R .372
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 156 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 192 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 168 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 180 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 192 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
+144 204 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
+108 216 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 228 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 204 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
+.872(the line is redra)144 240 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 216 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 228 Q F0 .626
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 240 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+(ex)144 252 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 264 Q F0 .626
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 276 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 252 Q
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 288 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
-2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 264 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 276 R 1.799
+2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 300 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
+1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 312 R 1.799
(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 288 R .304
+-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 324 R .304
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 300 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 312 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
-(Print all of the readline k)144 324 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 336 Q(c)-.37 E F0
+(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 348 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
+(Print all of the readline k)144 360 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G
-3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 336 Q
+3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 372 Q
.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 348 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 360 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 372 Q
+(\214le.)144 384 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 396 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 408 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 388.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
-400.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 424.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
+436.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 412.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
+F2(compspec)108 448.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 424.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 460.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 441.6 R .498
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 477.6 R .498
(If the command w)5.498 F .497
(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108
-453.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
+489.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-)
5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
-used to generate the list of possible completions)108 465.6 R .822
-(for the w)108 477.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 501.6 R .822
+(for the w)108 513.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
-ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 489.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\
+ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 525.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\
r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
-rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 501.6 Q .421(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422
+rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 537.6 Q .421(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422
(If those searches to not result in a compspec, an)5.421 F 2.922(yc)-.15
G .422(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.922 F F1<ad44>2.922 E F0(option to)
-108 513.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
+108 549.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\
- matching w)108 530.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817
-(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 542.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
+ matching w)108 566.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817
+(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 578.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15
E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 559.2 R
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 595.2 R
.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 571.2 R .596
+.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 607.2 R .596
(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 583.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 600 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
+(shell v)108 619.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 636 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 612 S
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 648 S
.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554
(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 624 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 640.8 Q
+(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 660 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 676.8 Q
.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 652.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
+108 688.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
-(using brace e)108 664.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(using brace e)108 700.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
-676.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+712.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-688.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
-(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
-(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 700.8 Q
-(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238
-(After these matches ha)108 717.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
-(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E
-F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 729.6 R -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
-(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
-(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F0
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(45)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+724.8 Q 2.17 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)4.37 G 1.87
+(rd Splitting).75 F F0 6.87(.T)C 1.871(he results of the e)-6.87 F 1.871
+(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F 1.871(ainst the w)-.05 F 1.871
+(ord being)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(45)197.335
+E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_KEY)108 84 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A
-F0(and)2.408 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157
+-.35 E(completed, and the matching w)108 84 Q
+(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238
+(After these matches ha)108 100.8 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
+(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
+(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>3.737 E F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375
+(options is in)108 112.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F
+3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F3 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 124.8
+Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157
(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .157(Shell V)2.657 F
-(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 96 S .986
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0
+5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 136.8 S .986
(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986
-(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1(COMP_CW)
+(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2(COMP_CW)
3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F
-(When)5.986 E .609(the function or command is in)108 108 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G .608(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608
+(When)5.986 E .609(the function or command is in)108 148.8 R -.2(vo)-.4
+G -.1(ke).2 G .608(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608
(gument is the name of the command whose ar)-.18 F .608(guments are)-.18
-F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 120 R .073(gument is the w)
+F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 160.8 R .073(gument is the w)
-.18 F .073(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073
-(gument is the w)-.18 F .073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 132 R
-.607(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
-(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 144 Q .093
+(gument is the w)-.18 F .073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 172.8
+R .607(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
+(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 184.8 Q .093
(ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\
or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108
-156 Q(An)108 172.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
--2.938 F F
3<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+196.8 Q(An)108 213.6 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
+-2.938 F F
1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F
2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437
-(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 184.8 Q F3(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
+(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 225.6 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
-(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108
-196.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 213.6 Q .081
+(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108
+237.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 254.4 Q .081
(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F
-F
3<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+F
1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08
(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858
-(stitution. It)108 225.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\
+(stitution. It)108 266.4 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\
per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)
-5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 237.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
-.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 254.4 R
-2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F
3<ad58>2.876
-E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 266.4 R
+5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 278.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
+.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 295.2 R
+2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F
1<ad58>2.876
+E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 307.2 R
.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681
-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .682
+(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682
(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523
-(the w)108 278.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
-(iteral)-3.023 E F3(&)3.023 E F0 .522
+(the w)108 319.2 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
+(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522
(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 290.4
+-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 331.2
R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849
(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F3
-(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 302.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
+3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1
+(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 343.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(d.).15 E(Finally)108 319.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H
-.587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F3
-
<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F3<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587
+(d.).15 E(Finally)108 360 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587
+(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>
+
3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587
(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\
the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \
-possible completions.)108 331.2 Q .246(If the pre)108 348 R .247
+possible completions.)108 372 Q .246(If the pre)108 388.8 R .247
(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247
-(atches, and the)-2.747 F F3 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247
-(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)108 360 Q F0
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-(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F3(wor)
-3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F3(modi\214er)108 628.8
+(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor)
+3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 657.6
Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226
(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227
(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F
-(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 640.8 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351
+(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 669.6 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351
(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624
-(one w)108 652.8 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624
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(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 664.8 Q
-F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E
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--2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 710.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
.03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 693.6 T
+F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 722.4 T
3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)
--.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2
-(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E
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-(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E 1.142(If the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histv)3.643 E(erify)
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(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.016 G
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-(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
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(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)
-3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 132 S -.25(ff).2 G
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1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F1<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16
(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161
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-.056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F1<ad73>2.556 E
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-(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
-(end of the history list without actually e)108 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
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(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 172.8 R 2.2
+(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 201.6 R 2.2
(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e)
-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108
-184.8 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder)
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.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146
(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F
-(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 196.8 Q F1
-(Ev)87 213.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 225.6 Q F1
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(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\
-st.).15 E F1(!)108 242.4 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)
+st.).15 E F1(!)108 271.2 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)
32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)
4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608
-(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 254.4 Q F1(extglob)
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2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 266.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0
-(Refer to command line)27.67 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 278.4 Q
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F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F2(n)2.5 E F0
-(.).24 E F1(!!)108 290.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)
--.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 302.4 Q F2
+(.).24 E F1(!!)108 319.2 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)
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(string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F2
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E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F1(?)3.522 E F0 1.022
(may be omitted if)3.522 F F2(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144
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-SF(^)108 355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0
-2.629(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R 2.629
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+SF(^)108 384.2 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0
+2.629(Quick substitution.)144 391.2 R 2.629
(Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F2(string1)5.469 E F0(with)
5.129 E F2(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G
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F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0
-(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 386.4 Q F0
+(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 415.2 Q F0
(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75
-(Wo)87 403.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 415.2 S 1.314
+(Wo)87 432 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 444 S 1.314
(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e)
-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313
(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F
-.529(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G
+.529(from the w)108 456 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G
3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1
($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301
-(are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R 1.301
+(are numbered from the be)108 468 R 1.301
(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3
(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F
-(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2 Q
-F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q 2.5
-(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2
-(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108
-504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E
-(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108
-528 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A
-F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 540 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G
-(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E
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+(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 480 Q F1
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+F2(n)108.36 520.8 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)
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(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315
(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815
('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316
-(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 564 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
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-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108
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-Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1
-(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108
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(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 621.6 Q F0 .184
-(After the optional w)108 633.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
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+(After the optional w)108 662.4 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
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(railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1
-(t)108 674.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
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(ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(q)108 84 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)30.44
-E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 96 Q F0
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(e)108 84 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)
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+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 108 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)
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(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E
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.221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221
(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721
(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144
-132 R .617
+156 R .617
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616
-F .666(be quoted in)144 144 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526
+F .666(be quoted in)144 168 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526
E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666
(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166
(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E
-F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 156 R(If)
+F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 180 R(If)
5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2
(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn)
-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E
-(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 168 Q F2(string)2.84
+(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 192 Q F2(string)2.84
E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&)
-108 180 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)108
-192 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897
+108 204 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)108
+216 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897
(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F
.398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C
-(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 204 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E
+(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 228 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E
F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219(used with `)
3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218
(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089
-(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 216 R
+(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 240 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09
-(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 228 Q F0(.)A
-F1(G)108 240 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5
+(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 252 Q F0(.)A
+F1(G)108 264 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5
('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 256.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 268.8
+(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 280.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
+(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 292.8
R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
-receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108
280.8 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0
+receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108
304.8 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0
.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E
F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E
F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and)
-.2 F .078(do not treat)108
292.8 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E
+.2 F .078(do not treat)108
316.8 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E
5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0
(,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let)
2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G
.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108
-3
04.8 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319
+3
28.8 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319
(without requiring)2.819 F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)
-5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32
(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar)
-108 3
16.8 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
+108 3
40.8 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143
(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 328.8 Q F1(:)108
-346.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 358.8 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 352.8 Q F1(:)108
+370.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 382.8 R
.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F
(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)
3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144
-370.8 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 387.6 Q F2
+394.8 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 411.6 Q F2
(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108
-399.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E
-F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 411.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02
+423.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E
+F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 435.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02
(cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02
(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F
-(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 423.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 447.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
1.68(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2
(\214lename)6.09 E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608
-(names in)144 435.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E
+(names in)144 459.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E
F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2
(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)
--5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 447.6
+-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 471.6
R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832
(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833
(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982
-(\214le is found in)144 459.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9
+(\214le is found in)144 483.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18
E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144
-471.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F
+495.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F
(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F
2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2
-(\214lename)144 483.6 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842
+(\214lename)144 507.6 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842
(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.)
2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716
-(status of the last command e)144 495.6 R .716
+(status of the last command e)144 519.6 R .716
(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 507.6
-Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 524.4 Q F0([)
+.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 531.6
+Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 548.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)
-C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 536.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
+C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 560.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724
(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E
-F2(name)144 548.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
+F2(name)144 572.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
.58(When ar)5.58 F .58
(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name)
-3.08 E F0(whose)144 560.4 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15
+3.08 E F0(whose)144 584.4 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value)
5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395
(ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054
-(stitution when the alias is e)144 572.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054
+(stitution when the alias is e)144 596.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054
(or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054
(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554
-F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 584.4 R 1.314
+F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 608.4 R 1.314
(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E
-(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 596.4 Q F1(bg)108 613.2 Q F0([)
+(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 620.4 Q F1(bg)108 637.2 Q F0([)
2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144
-625.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745
+649.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745
(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E
-F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 637.2 Q F0 .672
+F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 661.2 Q F0 .672
(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1
(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418
-(when job control is disabled or)144 649.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
+(when job control is disabled or)144 673.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G
(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G
-(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 661.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1
-E F1(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0
-2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2
-(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
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%%Page: 50 50
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bind)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1
-(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 96 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)
--.2 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 108 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G
-(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 120 R F1 -.18(re)
+/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2
+(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 96 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2
+(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G
+(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2
+(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5
+G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2
+(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 132 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G
+(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 144 R F1 -.18(re)
2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239
(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238
(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or)
-2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 132 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E
+2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 156 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E
F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F
.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2
-(.inputr)144 144 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484
+(.inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484
(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F
.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5
-(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 156 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 168
-Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 180 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2
+(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 180 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E
+.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 192
+Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 204 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2
E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659
(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F2 -.1(ke)
-180 192 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193
+180 216 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193
(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192
(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E
-(vi\255command)180 204 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429
+(vi\255command)180 228 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429
E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929
(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929
(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)
-180 216 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 228 Q F0(List the names of all)
+180 240 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 252 Q F0(List the names of all)
27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144
-240 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
+264 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)
--.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 252 Q F0(List current)24.19 E
+-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 276 Q F0(List current)24.19 E
F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1
-<ad73>144 264 Q F0(Display)26.41 E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0
+<ad73>144 288 Q F0(Display)26.41 E F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0
-.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155
(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo)-.15 G
-1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 276 S 2.5(yt).1 G(hat the)-2.5
-E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 288 Q F0(Display)24.74
+1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 300 S 2.5(yt).1 G(hat the)-2.5
+E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 312 Q F0(Display)24.74
E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G
(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
-(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 300 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G
+(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 324 Q F0(Display)25.3 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G
(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E
(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 312 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 -.18
+(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 336 Q F0(List current)23.08 E F1 -.18
(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E(alues.)
--.25 E F1<ad66>144 324 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 336 Q .3 -.15
+-.25 E F1<ad66>144 348 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 360 Q .3 -.15
(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-348 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 360 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+372 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 384 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F2
-(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 372 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0
-(Unbind all k)180 384 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named)
--2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 396 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)
--.2 E F0(Remo)180 408 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H
+(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 396 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0
+(Unbind all k)180 408 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named)
+-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 420 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)
+-.2 E F0(Remo)180 432 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H
(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1<ad78>144
-420 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)
-180 432 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)
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+180 456 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)
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-(complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C
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(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144
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F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)
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78.4 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)
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95.2 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)
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-3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 602.4 R(`def)-.74 E
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(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
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(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
(option indicates that)3.455 F .065
-(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 626.4 R
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(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064
(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F
-(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 638.4 Q 1.437
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(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
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-674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E
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-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 698.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 715.2 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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+F1(default)184 168 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)
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--.1 F(matches.)224 168 Q F1(dir)184 180 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\
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-(\214lenames)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 216 S .137(ll readline that the co\
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-184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22
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-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 312
-Q F1<ad41>144 324 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 336 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
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(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
-3
48 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5
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60 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5
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-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 408
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20 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
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-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 456
-Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 468 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
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32 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
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04 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
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Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(va)184 84 S(riable).1 E F0
-(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 96 Q/F2
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+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 96 S
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F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 120 Q F1<ad46>144 132 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
-(The shell function)184 144 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
+184 132 Q F1<ad46>144 144 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
+(The shell function)184 156 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68
(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932
-(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184
-168 S(riable.).25 E F1<ad47>144 180 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
-(The pathname e)184 192 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
+180 S(riable.).25 E F1<ad47>144 192 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
+(The pathname e)184 204 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
--.15 F(tions.)184 204 Q F1<ad50>144 216 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
-184 228 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
+-.15 F(tions.)184 216 Q F1<ad50>144 228 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
+184 240 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 240 Q F1<ad53>144 252 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 252 Q F1<ad53>144 264 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 264 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 276 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 276 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 288 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007
-(each resultant w)184 288 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
+(each resultant w)184 300 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F
-(resultant list which match the w)184 300 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
-F1<ad58>144 312 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 324 Q F0 .456
+(resultant list which match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
+F1<ad58>144 324 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 336 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 336 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 348 Q F2(\214lterpat)
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 348 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 360 Q F2(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 360 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 372 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 376.8 R .466
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 388.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 388.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
+(plied without a)144 400.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 400.8 Q F0
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 412.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108 4
17.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(compopt)108 4
29.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 429.6 R
+(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 R
F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 441.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(completion if no)144 453.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 453.6 Q F2(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 465.6 Q F2(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 465.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
-1.227(the `)144 477.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
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mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 489.6 R 2.178
+no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 501.6 R 2.178
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
-144 501.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
+144 513.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5
-E 1.387(The return v)144 525.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
+E 1.387(The return v)144 537.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
-(options for a)144 537.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(options for a)144 549.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 554.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 566.4 R 1.754
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 566.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 578.4 R 1.754
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
-(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 578.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
+(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 590.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 590.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
+(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 602.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is)
-3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 602.4 Q F1(declar)108 619.2
+3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 614.4 Q F1(declar)108 631.2
Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
-(typeset)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+(typeset)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 643.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
+(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 655.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)
3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
--.25(va)144 6
55.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
+-.25(va)144 6
67.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
-<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 667.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E
+<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 679.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E
F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F
(When)6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2
(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151
-(ments, it will display the attrib)144 679.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
+(ments, it will display the attrib)144 691.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)
-.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144
-
691.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547
+
703.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547
E F0(,)A F1(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)
-2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 703.2 S 1.363
+2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 715.2 S 1.363
(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0
1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)
6.362 E F1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\
-n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 715.2 R 2.423
-(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 727.2 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)
-2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)
-2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664
-F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(53)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 727.2 R 2.423
+(utes are)-.2 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(53)197.335
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144
-84 R(The)6.288 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288
-(option implies)3.788 F F1<ad66>3.788 E F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F1
-<ad67>3.789 E F0(option)3.789 E .491(forces v)144 96 R .491
+-.35 E 2.664(printed. If)144 84 R(the)2.664 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F
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+(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.288
+(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 96 R(The)
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+(forces v)144 108 R .491
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.99(nw).15 G(hen)-2.99 E F1(declar)2.99 E(e)-.18 E F0 .49
(is e)2.99 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .49(cuted in a).15 F .124(shell function.)
-144 108 R .124(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.124 F .125(The follo)
+144 120 R .124(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.124 F .125(The follo)
5.125 F .125(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 F(to v)144
-120 Q(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 132 Q F0
+132 Q(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3
+-.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 144 Q F0
(Each)25.3 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5
-E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 144 Q F0(Each)23.08
+E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 156 Q F0(Each)23.08
E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15
E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
-.15 E F1<ad66>144 156 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1
-<ad69>144 168 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558
+.15 E F1<ad66>144 168 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1
+<ad69>144 180 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558
(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557
-(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 180 Q F0(abo)2.25
+(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 192 Q F0(abo)2.25
E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E
-(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 192 Q F0 .909
+(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 204 Q F0 .909
(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 204 R(upper)
-2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 216 Q F0
+G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 216 R(upper)
+2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 228 Q F0
(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E
7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F
-2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 228
-Q F1<ad74>144 240 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2
+2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 240
+Q F1<ad74>144 252 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2
(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E
2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929
E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0
-(traps from the calling shell.)180 252 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
-(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 264
+(traps from the calling shell.)180 264 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
+(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 276
Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 276 R(lo)
+(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 288 R(lo)
2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144
-288 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
+300 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12
-(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 304.8 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12
+(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 316.8 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12
(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121
(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F
-.645(to destro)144 316.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v)
+.645(to destro)144 328.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v)
-3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo)
3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144
-(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F .53(tion, mak)144 328.8 R
+(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F .53(tion, mak)144 340.8 R
.53(es each)-.1 F F2(name)3.03 E F0 .53(local, as with the)3.03 F F1
(local)3.031 E F0 .531(command, unless the)3.031 F F1 .531
-(\255gP option is supplied, If a)3.031 F -.1(va)144 340.8 S 1.558
+(\255gP option is supplied, If a)3.031 F -.1(va)144 352.8 S 1.558
(riable name is f).1 F(ollo)-.25 E 1.558(wed by =)-.1 F F2(value)A F1
4.058(,t)C 1.558(he v)-4.058 F 1.557(alue of the v)-.1 F 1.557
(ariable is set to)-.1 F F2(value)4.057 E F1 6.557(.T)C 1.557(he r)
--6.557 F(etur)-.18 E(n)-.15 E -.1(va)144 352.8 S 1.168
+-6.557 F(etur)-.18 E(n)-.15 E -.1(va)144 364.8 S 1.168
(lue is 0 unless an in).1 F -.1(va)-.4 G 1.168(lid option is encounter)
.1 F 1.168(ed, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function)-.18 F(using)
-144 364.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .312(\255f foo=bar)2.812 F F1 2.812(,a)C
+144 376.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .312(\255f foo=bar)2.812 F F1 2.812(,a)C
2.812(na)-2.812 G .312(ttempt is made to assign a v)-2.812 F .312
(alue to a r)-.1 F .312(eadonly v)-.18 F .311(ariable, an attempt)-.1 F
-.615(is made to assign a v)144 376.8 R .615(alue to an array v)-.1 F
+.615(is made to assign a v)144 388.8 R .615(alue to an array v)-.1 F
.616(ariable without using the compound assignment syn-)-.1 F .26
-(tax \(see Arrays)144 388.8 R F0(abo)2.76 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
+(tax \(see Arrays)144 400.8 R F0(abo)2.76 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
(\), one of the).15 F F2(names)2.76 E F0 .259(is not a v)2.76 F .259
(alid shell v)-.25 F .259(ariable name, an attempt is made to)-.25 F
-.703(turn of)144 400.8 R 3.203(fr)-.25 G .704
+.703(turn of)144 412.8 R 3.203(fr)-.25 G .704
(eadonly status for a readonly v)-3.203 F .704
(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.204(fa)-.25 G .704
-(rray status for an)-3.204 F(array v)144 412.8 Q
+(rray status for an)-3.204 F(array v)144 424.8 Q
(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a non-e)-.25 E
-(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 429.6
+(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 441.6
Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0
--.4(Wi)144 441.6 S .329
+-.4(Wi)144 453.6 S .329
(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
-(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 453.6 R 1.238
-(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 465.6 Q
+(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 465.6 R 1.238
+(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 477.6 Q
F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 477.6 Q F2(n)A F0
+2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 489.6 Q F2(n)A F0
1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565
(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1
(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q F1<ad>144 501.6 Q F2
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 501.6 Q F1<ad>144 513.6 Q F2
(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 513.6 Q F1<ad63>144 525.6 Q F0
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 525.6 Q F1<ad63>144 537.6 Q F0
(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1
-<ad6c>144 537.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F
+<ad6c>144 549.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F
.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F
-(tory)180 549.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 561.6 Q F0
+(tory)180 561.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 573.6 Q F0
(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144
-573.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
+585.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773
-G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 585.6 Q .258(The return v)144 602.4 R .258
+G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 597.6 Q .258(The return v)144 614.4 R .258
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
-.15 F(tory stack.)144 614.4 Q F1(diso)108 631.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+.15 F(tory stack.)144 626.4 Q F1(diso)108 643.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 643.2 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)
+(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 655.2 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)
4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295
(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15
F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .423(and neither)
-144 6
55.2 R F1<ad61>2.923 E F0(nor)2.923 E F1<ad72>2.923 E F0 .423
+144 6
67.2 R F1<ad61>2.923 E F0(nor)2.923 E F1<ad72>2.923 E F0 .423
(is supplied, the shell')2.923 F 2.923(sn)-.55 G .423(otion of the)
-2.923 F F2(curr)2.922 E .422(ent job)-.37 F F0 .422(is used.)2.922 F
.422(If the)5.422 F F1<ad68>2.922 E F0 .422(option is)2.922 F(gi)144
-667.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .14(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec)4.38 E F0 .14
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(is not remo)2.95 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 G .141(rom the table, b)
-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)2.641 E
-F0 .141(is not sent to the)2.391 F .005(job if the shell recei)144 679.2
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R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
.004(If no)4.504 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004
(is present, and neither the)2.814 F F1<ad61>2.504 E F0 .004(nor the)
2.504 F F1<ad72>2.504 E F0 .004(option is)2.504 F 1.228(supplied, the)
-144 691.2 R F2(curr)3.728 E 1.228(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729
+144 703.2 R F2(curr)3.728 E 1.228(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.229(is used.)3.729
F 1.229(If no)6.229 F F2(jobspec)5.469 E F0 1.229(is supplied, the)4.039
F F1<ad61>3.729 E F0 1.229(option means to remo)3.729 F 1.529 -.15(ve o)
--.15 H(r).15 E .657(mark all jobs; the)144 7
03.2 R F1<ad72>3.157 E F0
+-.15 H(r).15 E .657(mark all jobs; the)144 7
15.2 R F1<ad72>3.157 E F0
.657(option without a)3.157 F F2(jobspec)4.897 E F0(ar)3.467 E .656
(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F(The)5.656 E
-(return v)144 715.2 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
+(return v)144 727.2 Q(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768
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(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 722.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537
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(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
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147.345 E(55)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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(reset between multiple calls to)144 720 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293
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(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G
(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2
(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
-144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0
-3.108(,e)C .608
+144 177.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
+F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.658(\(the v)144 120 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
+.658(\(the v)144 189.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
-144.34 132 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
-3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E
-F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
-(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2
-(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F
-(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F1<ad70>3.36 E
-F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
+144.34 201.6 Q F0 .581
+(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
+-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
+(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
+(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 213.6 R
+F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
+F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 225.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
+E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
-(signal. The)144 168 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\
- print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311
-(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
+(signal. The)144 237.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
+to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F
+4.311(bers. Each)144 249.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81
(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
-(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3
-9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)
-144 210 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648
-(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
-1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 222 Q(UG)
--.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F2(ar)
-3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167
+(names are case insensiti)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648
+(If a)144 279.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0
+1.648(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)
+4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)
+-.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144
+291.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F
+F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167
(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)
3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0
-(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147
+(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 303.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)
+2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147
(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
-(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .146
+(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 315.6 R F3 .146
(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
+.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 327.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG)
-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3
-(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.474
-E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
+(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 339.6 Q F2(ar)
+3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce)
--.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E F3
-(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E
-F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex)
-144 312 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009
-(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
+-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 351.6 Q -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)
+3.738 E F3(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E
+(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)
+-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 381.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F
+1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008
(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 324 R .324
+(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 393.6 R .324
(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1
(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144
-336 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10
+405.6 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10
/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628
-(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 348 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15
+(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 417.6 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C
(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E
(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-366 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 378 R .662
+435.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
+(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 447.6 R .662
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 390 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
-E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
+-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 459.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
+-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108
-406.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 418.8 S .173
+476.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 488.4 S .173
(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F1<ad74>144 430.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
+F1<ad74>144 500.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2
-(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 442.8 Q F0 .086
+(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 512.4 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 454.8 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 524.4 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 466.8 R .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 536.4 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 478.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
+144 548.4 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
-E F0 .112(search for each)144 490.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
+E F0 .112(search for each)144 560.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E
-F0(and)144 5
02.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
+F0(and)144 5
72.4 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3
-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944
-E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 514.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265
+E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 584.4 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265
(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
-144 5
26.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+144 5
96.4 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
-(consulted when using)144
538.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
+(consulted when using)144
608.4 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
-5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1
-(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 550.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
+(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 620.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 567.6
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 637.2
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 649.2 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+.943(that allo)144 661.2 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 673.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 685.2 R .425
(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+697.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+.741(of the special v)144 709.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 721.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
-(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
-<ad61>144 687.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
-699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F1<ad63>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 June 12)147.345 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 69 69
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%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q F0
-(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E
-(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 96 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 108 Q F0
+-.35 E .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999
+(n. When).15 F .499(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 96 Q 2.5(alue. Other)
+-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 108
+Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 120 Q F0
+(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>
+144 132 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>
+144 144 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G
+(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 156 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 168 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
-E F1<ad69>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
-<ad6c>144 132 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0
+E F1<ad69>144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
+<ad6c>144 192 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 204 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .791(The \
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 216 Q F0 .791(The \
maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-168 Q F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0
+228 Q F1<ad70>144 240 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-24.74 E F1<ad72>144 204 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
-25.86 E F1<ad73>144 2
16 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
-2
28 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
-240 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 252 Q F0 .47
+<ad71>144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 264 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144 2
76 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+2
88 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+300 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 312 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 264
-Q F1<ad78>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
-<ad54>144 288 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 304.8 Q
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 324
+Q F1<ad78>144 336 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 364.8 Q
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
-144 3
16.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
+144 3
76.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 328.8
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Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 340.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+3.787(ues. The)144 400.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-352.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+412.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 381.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 441.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 393.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-405.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 453.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+465.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 417.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 477.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 429.6 Q F0 .552
+(mode)144.38 489.6 Q F0 .552
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 441.6 Q
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 501.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 458.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 470.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 518.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 530.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 482.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 499.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 511.2 S 3.107
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 559.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 571.2 S 3.107
(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 523.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 583.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 535.2 Q F0 .46
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 595.2 Q F0 .46
(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 547.2 R .902
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 607.2 R .902
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.903 E(an)144 559.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 619.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)
6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3
(HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144
-571.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81
+631.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81
G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272
(ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G
2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently)
--2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 583.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
+-2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 643.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
(it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E
-(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
-(Wa)144 612 S .288
+(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
+(Wa)144 672 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0
-(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 648 R .457
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 708 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 660 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 720 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 676.8 Q F0(If)108 688.8 Q
-F1(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397
-E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896
-(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896
-(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 700.8 R .945
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-(beha)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1
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--.2(bu)5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 151.2 S .351
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+/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)
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+(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 170.4 S
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(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F1
-(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 163.2 Q
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280.8 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
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333.6 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F2<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
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%%Trailer
end
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on June, 7 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on June, 29 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 30 May 2010).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 12 June 2010).
</P><P>
-This is Edition 4.1, last updated 30 May 2010,
+This is Edition 4.1, last updated 12 June 2010,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.1.
</P><P>
This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
<P>
-<VAR>length</VAR> must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
If <VAR>offset</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
is used as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
+If <VAR>length</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, and <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is not <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
+as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
+two offsets.
If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, the result is <VAR>length</VAR> positional
parameters beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>.
If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an indexed array name subscripted
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>compat41</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
+(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
+quoted. This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1.
+The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>dirspell</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash
attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
The <VAR>subscript</VAR>
-is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
-greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
+If <VAR>subscript</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
+an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
+of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+To explicitly declare an array, use
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>The syntax
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 7 2010</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 29 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 7 2010</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 29 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
-/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
+/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 30 May 2010).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 12 June 2010).
- This is Edition 4.1, last updated 30 May 2010, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.1, last updated 12 June 2010, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1.
Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 30 May 2010).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 12 June 2010).
- This is Edition 4.1, last updated 30 May 2010, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.1, last updated 12 June 2010, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
OFFSET. LENGTH and OFFSET are arithmetic expressions (*note Shell
Arithmetic::). This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
- LENGTH must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
If OFFSET evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
- as an offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER. If PARAMETER
- is `@', the result is LENGTH positional parameters beginning at
- OFFSET. If PARAMETER is an indexed array name subscripted by `@'
- or `*', the result is the LENGTH members of the array beginning
- with `${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. A negative OFFSET is taken relative
- to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array.
- Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces
- undefined results.
+ as an offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER. If LENGTH
+ evaluates to a number less than zero, and PARAMETER is not `@' and
+ not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an
+ offset from the end of the value of PARAMETER rather than a number
+ of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the two
+ offsets. If PARAMETER is `@', the result is LENGTH positional
+ parameters beginning at OFFSET. If PARAMETER is an indexed array
+ name subscripted by `@' or `*', the result is the LENGTH members
+ of the array beginning with `${PARAMETER[OFFSET]}'. A negative
+ OFFSET is taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+ the specified array. Substring expansion applied to an
+ associative array produces undefined results.
Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
least one space to avoid being confused with the `:-' expansion.
conditional command's < and > operators and the effect of
interrupting a command list.
+ `compat41'
+ If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a
+ double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character.
+ The single quotes must match (an even number) and the
+ characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.
+ This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1. The
+ default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+
`dirspell'
If set, Bash attempts spelling correction on directory names
during word completion if the directory name initially
name[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE
The SUBSCRIPT is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate
-to a number greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an
-array, use
+to a number. If SUBSCRIPT evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
+used as an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a
+subcript of -1 refers to the last element of the array). To explicitly
+declare an array, use
declare -a NAME
The syntax
declare -a NAME[SUBSCRIPT]
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1340
+Node: Top\7f1338
Node: Introduction\7f3169
Node: What is Bash?\7f3397
Node: What is a shell?\7f4510
Node: Brace Expansion\7f55244
Node: Tilde Expansion\7f57999
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f60350
-Node: Command Substitution\7f69251
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f70584
-Node: Process Substitution\7f71434
-Node: Word Splitting\7f72484
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f74107
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f76246
-Node: Quote Removal\7f79885
-Node: Redirections\7f80180
-Node: Executing Commands\7f88705
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f89375
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f91305
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f93642
-Node: Environment\7f96628
-Node: Exit Status\7f98288
-Node: Signals\7f99909
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f101877
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f104395
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f106423
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f124101
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f150306
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f150651
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f160175
-Node: Special Builtins\7f171509
-Node: Shell Variables\7f172488
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f172928
-Node: Bash Variables\7f174909
-Node: Bash Features\7f199247
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f200130
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f205894
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f210906
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f211316
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f211965
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f212780
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f216060
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f219808
-Node: Aliases\7f222567
-Node: Arrays\7f225139
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f229097
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f229811
-Node: Printing a Prompt\7f232703
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f235455
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f237287
-Node: Job Control\7f246113
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f246573
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f251290
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f255654
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f256812
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f258379
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f260001
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f261192
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f262981
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f263946
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f265866
-Node: Searching\7f266910
-Node: Readline Init File\7f269096
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f270243
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f285347
-Node: Sample Init File\7f287880
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f290997
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f292204
-Node: Commands For History\7f293348
-Node: Commands For Text\7f296503
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f299176
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f301627
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f302766
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f306958
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f307529
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f313335
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f314242
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f321452
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f330588
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f331272
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f334186
-Node: History Interaction\7f338043
-Node: Event Designators\7f340748
-Node: Word Designators\7f341763
-Node: Modifiers\7f343402
-Node: Installing Bash\7f344806
-Node: Basic Installation\7f345943
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f348635
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f349376
-Node: Installation Names\7f351040
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f351858
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f352574
-Node: Operation Controls\7f353247
-Node: Optional Features\7f354205
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f363764
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f364965
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f381652
-Node: Indexes\7f406848
-Node: Builtin Index\7f407302
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f414129
-Node: Variable Index\7f416577
-Node: Function Index\7f429531
-Node: Concept Index\7f436540
+Node: Command Substitution\7f69485
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f70818
+Node: Process Substitution\7f71668
+Node: Word Splitting\7f72718
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f74341
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f76480
+Node: Quote Removal\7f80119
+Node: Redirections\7f80414
+Node: Executing Commands\7f88939
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f89609
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f91539
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f93876
+Node: Environment\7f96862
+Node: Exit Status\7f98522
+Node: Signals\7f100143
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f102111
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f104629
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f106657
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f124335
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f150540
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f150885
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f160409
+Node: Special Builtins\7f172168
+Node: Shell Variables\7f173147
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f173587
+Node: Bash Variables\7f175568
+Node: Bash Features\7f199906
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f200789
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f206553
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f211565
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f211975
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f212624
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f213439
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f216719
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f220467
+Node: Aliases\7f223226
+Node: Arrays\7f225798
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f229913
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f230627
+Node: Printing a Prompt\7f233519
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f236271
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f238103
+Node: Job Control\7f246929
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f247389
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f252106
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f256470
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f257628
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f259195
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f260817
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f262008
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f263797
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f264762
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f266682
+Node: Searching\7f267726
+Node: Readline Init File\7f269912
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f271059
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f286163
+Node: Sample Init File\7f288696
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f291813
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f293020
+Node: Commands For History\7f294164
+Node: Commands For Text\7f297319
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f299992
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f302443
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f303582
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f307774
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f308345
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f314151
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f315058
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f322268
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f331404
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f332088
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f335002
+Node: History Interaction\7f338859
+Node: Event Designators\7f341564
+Node: Word Designators\7f342579
+Node: Modifiers\7f344218
+Node: Installing Bash\7f345622
+Node: Basic Installation\7f346759
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f349451
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f350192
+Node: Installation Names\7f351856
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f352674
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f353390
+Node: Operation Controls\7f354063
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Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]:
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[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
[30] [31] [32] [33] [34] Chapter 4 [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42]
[43]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.etc.
[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]
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[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
] [-i @textttsl text@texttt ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-N @textttsl ncha
rs@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time-
[50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] Chapter 5 [62]
[63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] Chapter 6 [72]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
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-
.etc.
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
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[73] [74]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
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@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
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Chapter 7 [89] [90] [91] [92] [93]
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-[95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100]
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-[121]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
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[122] [123] [124] [125] [126]) Chapter 10 [127] [128] [129] [130] [131]
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%%Page: 90 96
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user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that specified
by @sc{posix}.
+When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
+it does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
+token begins with a @samp{-}.
The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set to a format string that
specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available formats.
shell's children.
Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
-Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of
-recursive calls.
+Functions may be recursive.
+The @code{FUNCNEST} variable may be used to limit the depth of the
+function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations.
+By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls.
@node Shell Parameters
@section Shell Parameters
line to be ignored in an interactive shell.
This option is enabled by default.
+@item lastpipe
+If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
+a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
+
@item lithist
If enabled, and the @code{cmdhist}
option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
@item BASH_LINENO
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
-corresponding to each member of @var{FUNCNAME}.
-@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file where
+where each corresponding member of @var{FUNCNAME} was invoked.
+@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file
+(@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}) where
@code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called (or @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i-1]@}} if
-referenced within another shell function).
-The corresponding source file name is @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}}.
+referenced within another shell function).
Use @code{LINENO} to obtain the current line number.
@item BASH_REMATCH
This variable is read-only.
@item BASH_SOURCE
-An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
-to the elements in the @code{FUNCNAME} array variable.
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the
+corresponding shell function names in the @code{FUNCNAME} array
+variable are defined.
+The shell function @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} is defined in the file
+@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}} and called from @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}
@item BASH_SUBSHELL
Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
shell function.
-The bottom-most element is @code{"main"}.
+The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index)
+is @code{"main"}.
This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
Assignments to @env{FUNCNAME} have no effect and return an error status.
If @env{FUNCNAME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
it is subsequently reset.
+This variable can be used with @code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE}.
+Each element of @code{FUNCNAME} has corresponding elements in
+@code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE} to describe the call stack.
+For instance, @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called from the file
+@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}} at line number @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}}.
+The @code{caller} builtin displays the current call stack using this
+information.
+
@item FUNCNEST
If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do
not have to appear as matched pairs.
+@item
+The parser does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
+token begins with a @samp{-}.
+
@item
If a @sc{posix} special builtin returns an error status, a
non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that specified
by @sc{posix}.
+When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
+it does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
+token begins with a @samp{-}.
The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set to a format string that
specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available formats.
parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
quoted. This is the behavior of @sc{posix} mode through version 4.1.
+The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
@item dirspell
If set, Bash
line to be ignored in an interactive shell.
This option is enabled by default.
+@item lastpipe
+If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
+a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
+
@item lithist
If enabled, and the @code{cmdhist}
option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
@item BASH_LINENO
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
-corresponding to each member of @var{FUNCNAME}.
-@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file where
+where each corresponding member of @var{FUNCNAME} was invoked.
+@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file
+(@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}) where
@code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called (or @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i-1]@}} if
-referenced within another shell function).
-The corresponding source file name is @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}}.
+referenced within another shell function).
Use @code{LINENO} to obtain the current line number.
@item BASH_REMATCH
This variable is read-only.
@item BASH_SOURCE
-An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
-to the elements in the @code{FUNCNAME} array variable.
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the
+corresponding shell function names in the @code{FUNCNAME} array
+variable are defined.
+The shell function @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} is defined in the file
+@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}} and called from @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}
@item BASH_SUBSHELL
Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
shell function.
-The bottom-most element is @code{"main"}.
+The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index)
+is @code{"main"}.
This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
Assignments to @env{FUNCNAME} have no effect and return an error status.
If @env{FUNCNAME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
it is subsequently reset.
+This variable can be used with @code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE}.
+Each element of @code{FUNCNAME} has corresponding elements in
+@code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE} to describe the call stack.
+For instance, @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called from the file
+@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}} at line number @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}}.
+The @code{caller} builtin displays the current call stack using this
+information.
+
@item FUNCNEST
If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do
not have to appear as matched pairs.
+@item
+The parser does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
+token begins with a @samp{-}.
+
@item
If a @sc{posix} special builtin returns an error status, a
non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the conditional command's < and > operators and
the effect of interrupting a command list.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
+ @item compat41 If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats
+ a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as
+ a special character. The single quotes must match (an
+ even number) and the characters between the single
+ quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of
+ posix mode through version 4.1. The default bash behav-
+ ior remains as in previous versions.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
names during word completion if the directory name ini-
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 7 16:18:58 2010
+%%CreationDate: Tue Jun 29 14:02:44 2010
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
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+1.232(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-)-3.732 F
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+(xpansion as a special character)-.15 F 6.213(.T)-.55 G 1.214
+(he single quotes must match \(an)-6.213 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)184 204 T
+2.949(nn).25 G .448(umber\) and the characters between the single quote\
+s are considered quoted.)-2.949 F(This)5.448 E .062(is the beha)184 216
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(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
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(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
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-.716(If set, aliases are e)184 240 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15
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F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E
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-.15 E F1(extdeb)144 264 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 276 Q
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(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184
-
288 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1
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360 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1
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(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
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F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F
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(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
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--.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 372 Q
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(Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359
(command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220
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(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 456 Q
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1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425
(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425
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--.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 528 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
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(If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.797 E F0
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(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
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(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
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(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)
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G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)
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-(This option is enabled by def)184 564 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 576
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S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
-184 588 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 600 Q 4.178
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(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F
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-(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar)
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(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is)
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(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15
(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G
(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188
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(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F
-1.889(described abo)144 168 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
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(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
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(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5
-(dence. The)144 210 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
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-(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 222 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G
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-144 234 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
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F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26
(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 246 Q F3 -.2(ex)
-144
258 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 270 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
--.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 282 S(pr1).2 E
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+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 306 Q F3 -.2(ex)
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318 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
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(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G
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F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 328.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
-180 340.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 352.8 S -.18
-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 364.8 Q
+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 388.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
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+(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 424.8 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 376.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
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+E 2.5(2a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
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F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 400.8 R .38
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 460.8 R .38
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 412.8 Q .553
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 472.8 Q .553
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 424.8 Q
+(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 484.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 448.8 R .023
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 496.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 508.8 R .023
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
-.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 460.8 Q
+.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 520.8 Q
1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513
-(using the \214rst and third ar)180 472.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
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.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
-(binary operators when there are three ar)180 484.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
+(binary operators when there are three ar)180 544.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
-.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0
-3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 496.8
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R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
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-F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 508.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
+F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 568.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875
(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874
(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
-180 520.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)
--.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 532.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384
-(If the \214rst ar)180 544.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
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+(If the \214rst ar)180 604.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
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(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)
--.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 556.8 R 4.147
+-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 616.8 R 4.147
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(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
-(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 568.8 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 580.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)
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(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
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-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F2(ar)
3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167
(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)
3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0
-(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 150 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646
+(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147
(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
-(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 162 R F3 .146
+(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .146
(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 174 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
+.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG)
-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3
-(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 186 Q F2(ar)3.474
+(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.474
E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce)
--.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 198 Q -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 216 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E F3
+-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E F3
(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E
F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex)
-144 228 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009
+144 312 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009
(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008
(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 240 R .324
+(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 324 R .324
(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1
(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144
-252 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15
+336 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10
/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628
-(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 264 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15
+(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 348 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C
(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E
(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-282 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 294 R .662
+366 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
+(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 378 R .662
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 306 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
+-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 390 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108
-322.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 334.8 S .173
+406.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 418.8 S .173
(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F1<ad74>144 346.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
+F1<ad74>144 430.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2
-(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 358.8 Q F0 .086
+(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 442.8 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 370.8 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 454.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 382.8 R .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 466.8 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 394.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
+144 478.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
-E F0 .112(search for each)144 406.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
+E F0 .112(search for each)144 490.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E
-F0(and)144
418.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
+F0(and)144
502.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3
-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944
-E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 430.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265
+E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 514.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265
(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
-144
442.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+144
526.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
-(consulted when using)144
454.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
+(consulted when using)144
538.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
-5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1
-(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 466.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
+(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 550.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 483.6
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 567.6
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 495.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 507.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 519.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 531.6 R .425
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425
(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-543.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 555.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 567.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
579.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
663.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 591.6 Q 2.5
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5
(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
-<ad61>144 603.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
-615.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F1<ad63>144 627.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F1<ad64>144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 651.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 663.6 Q
-F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F1<ad69>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 699.6 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 711.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
-e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-723.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+<ad61>144 687.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
+699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F1<ad63>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E
+2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 96 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 108 Q F0
+(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
+E F1<ad69>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
+<ad6c>144 132 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .791(The \
+maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
+24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+168 Q F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-24.74 E F1<ad72>144 108 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
-25.86 E F1<ad73>144
120 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
-
132 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
-144 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 156 Q F0 .47
+<ad71>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 204 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144
216 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+
228 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+240 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 252 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 168
-Q F1<ad78>144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
-<ad54>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 208.8 Q
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 264
+Q F1<ad78>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 288 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 304.8 Q
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
-144
220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
+144
316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 232.8
+<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 328.8
Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 244.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+3.787(ues. The)144 340.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-256.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+352.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 285.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 381.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 297.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-309.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 393.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+405.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 321.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 417.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 333.6 Q F0 .552
+(mode)144.38 429.6 Q F0 .552
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 345.6 Q
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 441.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 362.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 374.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 458.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 470.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 482.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 403.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 415.2 S 3.107
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 499.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 511.2 S 3.107
(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 427.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 523.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 439.2 Q F0 .46
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 535.2 Q F0 .46
(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 451.2 R .902
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 547.2 R .902
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.903 E(an)144 463.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 559.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)
6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3
(HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144
-475.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81
+571.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81
G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272
(ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G
2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently)
--2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 487.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
+-2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 583.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
(it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E
-(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
-(Wa)144 516 S .288
+(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
+(Wa)144 612 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 528 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0
-(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 540 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 552 R .457
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 648 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 564 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 660 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 580.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-592.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 676.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+688.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 7 16:18:58 2010
+%%CreationDate: Tue Jun 29 14:02:44 2010
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sat Jun 12 15:35:23 EDT 2010
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Jul 2 17:30:39 EDT 2010
+
@set EDITION 4.1
@set VERSION 4.1
-@set UPDATED 12 June 2010
-@set UPDATED-MONTH June 2010
+@set UPDATED 2 July 2010
+@set UPDATED-MONTH July 2010
Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sun May 30 17:03:21 EDT 2010
+@set LASTCHANGE Sat Jun 12 15:35:23 EDT 2010
@set EDITION 4.1
@set VERSION 4.1
-@set UPDATED 30 May 2010
-@set UPDATED-MONTH May 2010
+@set UPDATED 12 June 2010
+@set UPDATED-MONTH June 2010
# include "bashhist.h"
#endif
+extern int dollar_dollar_pid;
extern int posixly_correct;
extern int expand_aliases;
extern int autocd;
int funcnest = 0;
int funcnest_max = 0; /* XXX - bash-4.2 */
+int lastpipe_opt = 0;
+
struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
#define FD_BITMAP_DEFAULT_SIZE 32
}
#endif
+static void
+restore_stdin (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ dup2 (s, 0);
+ close (s);
+}
+
+/* Catch-all cleanup function for lastpipe code for unwind-protects */
+static void
+lastpipe_cleanup (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ unfreeze_jobs_list ();
+}
+
static int
execute_pipeline (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
COMMAND *command;
struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
{
int prev, fildes[2], new_bitmap_size, dummyfd, ignore_return, exec_result;
+ int lstdin, lastpipe_flag, lastpipe_jid;
COMMAND *cmd;
struct fd_bitmap *fd_bitmap;
+ pid_t lastpid;
#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
sigset_t set, oset;
cmd = cmd->value.Connection->second;
}
+ lastpid = last_made_pid;
+
/* Now execute the rightmost command in the pipeline. */
if (ignore_return && cmd)
cmd->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ lastpipe_flag = 0;
+ begin_unwind_frame ("lastpipe-exec");
+ lstdin = -1;
+ /* If the `lastpipe' option is set with shopt, and job control is not
+ enabled, execute the last element of non-async pipelines in the
+ current shell environment. */
+ if (lastpipe_opt && job_control == 0 && asynchronous == 0 && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && prev > 0)
+ {
+ lstdin = move_to_high_fd (0, 0, 255);
+ if (lstdin > 0)
+ {
+ do_piping (prev, pipe_out);
+ prev = NO_PIPE;
+ add_unwind_protect (restore_stdin, lstdin);
+ lastpipe_flag = 1;
+ freeze_jobs_list ();
+ lastpipe_jid = stop_pipeline (0, (COMMAND *)NULL); /* XXX */
+ add_unwind_protect (lastpipe_cleanup, lastpipe_jid);
+ }
+ cmd->flags |= CMD_LASTPIPE;
+ }
+ if (prev >= 0)
+ add_unwind_protect (close, prev);
+
+ /* XXX - might need to temporarily put shell process in pgrp of the pipeline,
+ so after we give the terminal to that process group in stop_pipeline, the
+ shell can still access it. Would need to give it to
+ jobs[lastpipe_jid]->pgrp */
exec_result = execute_command_internal (cmd, asynchronous, prev, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ if (lstdin > 0)
+ restore_stdin (lstdin);
+
if (prev >= 0)
close (prev);
#endif
QUIT;
+
+ if (lastpipe_flag)
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ append_process (savestring (the_printed_command), dollar_dollar_pid, exec_result, lastpipe_jid);
+#endif
+ lstdin = wait_for (lastpid);
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ exec_result = job_exit_status (lastpipe_jid);
+#endif
+ unfreeze_jobs_list ();
+ }
+
+ discard_unwind_frame ("lastpipe-exec");
+
return (exec_result);
}
# include "bashhist.h"
#endif
+extern int dollar_dollar_pid;
extern int posixly_correct;
extern int expand_aliases;
extern int autocd;
int funcnest = 0;
int funcnest_max = 0; /* XXX - bash-4.2 */
+int lastpipe_opt = 0;
+
struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
#define FD_BITMAP_DEFAULT_SIZE 32
static struct cpelement *cpl_searchbyname __P((char *));
static void cpl_prune __P((void));
-Coproc sh_coproc = { 0, NO_PID, -1, -1, 0, 0 };
+Coproc sh_coproc = { 0, NO_PID, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
cplist_t coproc_list = {0, 0, 0};
}
#endif
+static void
+restore_stdin (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ dup2 (s, 0);
+ close (s);
+}
+
+/* Catch-all cleanup function for lastpipe code for unwind-protects */
+static void
+lastpipe_cleanup (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ unfreeze_jobs_list ();
+}
+
static int
execute_pipeline (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
COMMAND *command;
struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
{
int prev, fildes[2], new_bitmap_size, dummyfd, ignore_return, exec_result;
+ int lstdin, lastpipe_flag, lastpipe_jid;
COMMAND *cmd;
struct fd_bitmap *fd_bitmap;
+ pid_t lastpid;
#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
sigset_t set, oset;
cmd = cmd->value.Connection->second;
}
+ lastpid = last_made_pid;
+
/* Now execute the rightmost command in the pipeline. */
if (ignore_return && cmd)
cmd->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ lastpipe_flag = 0;
+ begin_unwind_frame ("lastpipe-exec");
+ lstdin = -1;
+ /* If the `lastpipe' option is set with shopt, and job control is not
+ enabled, execute the last element of non-async pipelines in the
+ current shell environment. */
+ if (lastpipe_opt && job_control == 0 && asynchronous == 0 && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && prev > 0)
+ {
+ lstdin = move_to_high_fd (0, 0, 255);
+ if (lstdin > 0)
+ {
+ do_piping (prev, pipe_out);
+ prev = NO_PIPE;
+ add_unwind_protect (restore_stdin, lstdin);
+ lastpipe_flag = 1;
+ freeze_jobs_list ();
+ lastpipe_jid = stop_pipeline (0, (COMMAND *)NULL); /* XXX */
+ add_unwind_protect (lastpipe_cleanup, lastpipe_flag);
+ }
+ cmd->flags |= CMD_LASTPIPE;
+ }
+ if (prev >= 0)
+ add_unwind_protect (close, prev);
+
+ /* XXX - might need to temporarily put shell process in pgrp of the pipeline,
+ so after we give the terminal to that process group in stop_pipeline, the
+ shell can still access it. Would need to give it to
+ jobs[lastpipe_jid]->pgrp */
exec_result = execute_command_internal (cmd, asynchronous, prev, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ if (lstdin > 0)
+ restore_stdin (lstdin);
+
if (prev >= 0)
close (prev);
#endif
QUIT;
+
+ if (lastpipe_flag)
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ append_process (savestring (the_printed_command), dollar_dollar_pid, exec_result, lastpipe_jid);
+#endif
+ lstdin = wait_for (lastpid);
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ exec_result = job_exit_status (lastpipe_jid);
+#endif
+ unfreeze_jobs_list ();
+ }
+
+ discard_unwind_frame ("lastpipe-exec");
+
return (exec_result);
}
static int print_job __P((JOB *, int, int, int));
static int process_exit_status __P((WAIT));
static int process_exit_signal __P((WAIT));
-static int job_exit_status __P((int));
-static int job_exit_signal __P((int));
static int set_job_status_and_cleanup __P((int));
static WAIT job_signal_status __P((int));
stop_making_children ();
UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset);
- return (js.j_current);
+ return (newjob ? i : js.j_current);
}
/* Functions to manage the list of exited background pids whose status has
}
}
+/* Create a (dummy) PROCESS with NAME, PID, and STATUS, and make it the last
+ process in jobs[JID]->pipe. Used by the lastpipe code. */
+void
+append_process (name, pid, status, jid)
+ char *name;
+ pid_t pid;
+ int status;
+ int jid;
+{
+ PROCESS *t, *p;
+
+ t = (PROCESS *)xmalloc (sizeof (PROCESS));
+ t->next = (PROCESS *)NULL;
+ t->pid = pid;
+ /* set process exit status using offset discovered by configure */
+ t->status = (status & 0xff) << WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET;
+ t->running = PS_DONE;
+ t->command = name;
+
+ js.c_reaped++; /* XXX */
+
+ for (p = jobs[jid]->pipe; p->next != jobs[jid]->pipe; p = p->next)
+ ;
+ p->next = t;
+ t->next = jobs[jid]->pipe;
+}
+
#if 0
/* Take the last job and make it the first job. Must be called with
SIGCHLD blocked. */
/* Create the child, handle severe errors. Retry on EAGAIN. */
while ((pid = fork ()) < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && forksleep < FORKSLEEP_MAX)
{
-#if 0 /* for bash-4.2 */
+ /* bash-4.2 */
/* If we can't create any children, try to reap some dead ones. */
waitchld (-1, 0);
-#endif
+
sys_error ("fork: retry");
if (sleep (forksleep) != 0)
break;
/* Return the exit status of job JOB. This is the exit status of the last
(rightmost) process in the job's pipeline, modified if the job was killed
by a signal or stopped. */
-static int
+int
job_exit_status (job)
int job;
{
return (process_exit_status (raw_job_exit_status (job)));
}
-static int
+int
job_exit_signal (job)
int job;
{
}
}
}
- else if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && wait_sigint_received)
+ else if ((subshell_environment & (SUBSHELL_COMSUB|SUBSHELL_PIPE)) && wait_sigint_received)
{
/* If waiting for a job in a subshell started to do command
- substitution, simulate getting and being killed by the SIGINT to
- pass the status back to our parent. */
+ substitution or to run a pipeline element that consists of
+ something like a while loop or a for loop, simulate getting
+ and being killed by the SIGINT to pass the status back to our
+ parent. */
s = job_signal_status (job);
if (WIFSIGNALED (s) && WTERMSIG (s) == SIGINT && signal_is_trapped (SIGINT) == 0)
}
/* Here to allow other parts of the shell (like the trap stuff) to
- unfreeze the jobs list. */
+ freeze and unfreeze the jobs list. */
+void
+freeze_jobs_list ()
+{
+ jobs_list_frozen = 1;
+}
+
void
unfreeze_jobs_list ()
{
/* This file works with both POSIX and BSD systems. It implements job
control. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
static int print_job __P((JOB *, int, int, int));
static int process_exit_status __P((WAIT));
static int process_exit_signal __P((WAIT));
-static int job_exit_status __P((int));
-static int job_exit_signal __P((int));
static int set_job_status_and_cleanup __P((int));
static WAIT job_signal_status __P((int));
stop_making_children ();
UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset);
- return (js.j_current);
+ return (newjob ? i : js.j_current);
}
/* Functions to manage the list of exited background pids whose status has
}
}
+/* Create a (dummy) PROCESS with NAME, PID, and STATUS, and make it the last
+ process in jobs[JID]->pipe. Used by the lastpipe code. */
+void
+append_process (name, pid, status, jid)
+ char *name;
+ pid_t pid;
+ int status;
+ int jid;
+{
+ PROCESS *t, *p;
+
+ t = (PROCESS *)xmalloc (sizeof (PROCESS));
+ t->next = (PROCESS *)NULL;
+ t->pid = pid;
+ /* set process exit status using offset discovered by configure */
+ t->status = (status & 0xff) << WEXITSTATUS_OFFSET;
+ t->running = PS_DONE;
+ t->command = name;
+
+ js.c_reaped++; /* XXX */
+
+ for (p = jobs[jid]->pipe; p->next != jobs[jid]->pipe; p = p->next)
+ ;
+ p->next = t;
+ t->next = jobs[jid]->pipe;
+}
+
#if 0
/* Take the last job and make it the first job. Must be called with
SIGCHLD blocked. */
/* Create the child, handle severe errors. Retry on EAGAIN. */
while ((pid = fork ()) < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && forksleep < FORKSLEEP_MAX)
{
-#if 0 /* for bash-4.2 */
+#if 1 /* bash-4.2 */
/* If we can't create any children, try to reap some dead ones. */
waitchld (-1, 0);
#endif
p = jobs[job]->pipe;
do
{
+ /* XXX - should this use WEXITSTATUS? */
if (WSTATUS (p->status) != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
fail = WSTATUS(p->status);
p = p->next;
/* Return the exit status of job JOB. This is the exit status of the last
(rightmost) process in the job's pipeline, modified if the job was killed
by a signal or stopped. */
-static int
+int
job_exit_status (job)
int job;
{
return (process_exit_status (raw_job_exit_status (job)));
}
-static int
+int
job_exit_signal (job)
int job;
{
}
}
}
- else if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && wait_sigint_received)
+ else if ((subshell_environment & (SUBSHELL_COMSUB|SUBSHELL_PIPE)) && wait_sigint_received)
{
/* If waiting for a job in a subshell started to do command
- substitution, simulate getting and being killed by the SIGINT to
- pass the status back to our parent. */
+ substitution or to run a pipeline element that consists of
+ something like a while loop or a for loop, simulate getting
+ and being killed by the SIGINT to pass the status back to our
+ parent. */
s = job_signal_status (job);
if (WIFSIGNALED (s) && WTERMSIG (s) == SIGINT && signal_is_trapped (SIGINT) == 0)
}
/* Here to allow other parts of the shell (like the trap stuff) to
- unfreeze the jobs list. */
+ freeze and unfreeze the jobs list. */
+void
+freeze_jobs_list ()
+{
+ jobs_list_frozen = 1;
+}
+
void
unfreeze_jobs_list ()
{
extern void restore_pipeline __P((int));
extern void start_pipeline __P((void));
extern int stop_pipeline __P((int, COMMAND *));
+extern void append_process __P((char *, pid_t, int, int));
extern void delete_job __P((int, int));
extern void nohup_job __P((int));
extern int get_tty_state __P((void));
extern int set_tty_state __P((void));
+extern int job_exit_status __P((int));
+extern int job_exit_signal __P((int));
+
extern int wait_for_single_pid __P((pid_t));
extern void wait_for_background_pids __P((void));
extern int wait_for __P((pid_t));
extern void run_sigchld_trap __P((int));
+extern void freeze_jobs_list __P((void));
extern void unfreeze_jobs_list __P((void));
extern int set_job_control __P((int));
extern void without_job_control __P((void));
--- /dev/null
+/* jobs.h -- structures and definitions used by the jobs.c file. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1993-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#if !defined (_JOBS_H_)
+# define _JOBS_H_
+
+#include "quit.h"
+#include "siglist.h"
+
+#include "stdc.h"
+
+#include "posixwait.h"
+
+/* Defines controlling the fashion in which jobs are listed. */
+#define JLIST_STANDARD 0
+#define JLIST_LONG 1
+#define JLIST_PID_ONLY 2
+#define JLIST_CHANGED_ONLY 3
+#define JLIST_NONINTERACTIVE 4
+
+/* I looked it up. For pretty_print_job (). The real answer is 24. */
+#define LONGEST_SIGNAL_DESC 24
+
+/* The max time to sleep while retrying fork() on EAGAIN failure */
+#define FORKSLEEP_MAX 16
+
+/* We keep an array of jobs. Each entry in the array is a linked list
+ of processes that are piped together. The first process encountered is
+ the group leader. */
+
+/* Values for the `running' field of a struct process. */
+#define PS_DONE 0
+#define PS_RUNNING 1
+#define PS_STOPPED 2
+#define PS_RECYCLED 4
+
+/* Each child of the shell is remembered in a STRUCT PROCESS. A circular
+ chain of such structures is a pipeline. */
+typedef struct process {
+ struct process *next; /* Next process in the pipeline. A circular chain. */
+ pid_t pid; /* Process ID. */
+ WAIT status; /* The status of this command as returned by wait. */
+ int running; /* Non-zero if this process is running. */
+ char *command; /* The particular program that is running. */
+} PROCESS;
+
+/* PALIVE really means `not exited' */
+#define PSTOPPED(p) (WIFSTOPPED((p)->status))
+#define PRUNNING(p) ((p)->running == PS_RUNNING)
+#define PALIVE(p) (PRUNNING(p) || PSTOPPED(p))
+
+#define PEXITED(p) ((p)->running == PS_DONE)
+#if defined (RECYCLES_PIDS)
+# define PRECYCLED(p) ((p)->running == PS_RECYCLED)
+#else
+# define PRECYCLED(p) (0)
+#endif
+#define PDEADPROC(p) (PEXITED(p) || PRECYCLED(p))
+
+#define get_job_by_jid(ind) (jobs[(ind)])
+
+/* A description of a pipeline's state. */
+typedef enum { JNONE = -1, JRUNNING = 1, JSTOPPED = 2, JDEAD = 4, JMIXED = 8 } JOB_STATE;
+#define JOBSTATE(job) (jobs[(job)]->state)
+#define J_JOBSTATE(j) ((j)->state)
+
+#define STOPPED(j) (jobs[(j)]->state == JSTOPPED)
+#define RUNNING(j) (jobs[(j)]->state == JRUNNING)
+#define DEADJOB(j) (jobs[(j)]->state == JDEAD)
+
+#define INVALID_JOB(j) ((j) < 0 || (j) >= js.j_jobslots || get_job_by_jid(j) == 0)
+
+/* Values for the FLAGS field in the JOB struct below. */
+#define J_FOREGROUND 0x01 /* Non-zero if this is running in the foreground. */
+#define J_NOTIFIED 0x02 /* Non-zero if already notified about job state. */
+#define J_JOBCONTROL 0x04 /* Non-zero if this job started under job control. */
+#define J_NOHUP 0x08 /* Don't send SIGHUP to job if shell gets SIGHUP. */
+#define J_STATSAVED 0x10 /* A process in this job had had status saved via $! */
+#define J_ASYNC 0x20 /* Job was started asynchronously */
+
+#define IS_FOREGROUND(j) ((jobs[j]->flags & J_FOREGROUND) != 0)
+#define IS_NOTIFIED(j) ((jobs[j]->flags & J_NOTIFIED) != 0)
+#define IS_JOBCONTROL(j) ((jobs[j]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL) != 0)
+#define IS_ASYNC(j) ((jobs[j]->flags & J_ASYNC) != 0)
+
+typedef struct job {
+ char *wd; /* The working directory at time of invocation. */
+ PROCESS *pipe; /* The pipeline of processes that make up this job. */
+ pid_t pgrp; /* The process ID of the process group (necessary). */
+ JOB_STATE state; /* The state that this job is in. */
+ int flags; /* Flags word: J_NOTIFIED, J_FOREGROUND, or J_JOBCONTROL. */
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ COMMAND *deferred; /* Commands that will execute when this job is done. */
+ sh_vptrfunc_t *j_cleanup; /* Cleanup function to call when job marked JDEAD */
+ PTR_T cleanarg; /* Argument passed to (*j_cleanup)() */
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+} JOB;
+
+struct jobstats {
+ /* limits */
+ long c_childmax;
+ /* child process statistics */
+ int c_living; /* running or stopped child processes */
+ int c_reaped; /* exited child processes still in jobs list */
+ int c_injobs; /* total number of child processes in jobs list */
+ /* child process totals */
+ int c_totforked; /* total number of children this shell has forked */
+ int c_totreaped; /* total number of children this shell has reaped */
+ /* job counters and indices */
+ int j_jobslots; /* total size of jobs array */
+ int j_lastj; /* last (newest) job allocated */
+ int j_firstj; /* first (oldest) job allocated */
+ int j_njobs; /* number of non-NULL jobs in jobs array */
+ int j_ndead; /* number of JDEAD jobs in jobs array */
+ /* */
+ int j_current; /* current job */
+ int j_previous; /* previous job */
+ /* */
+ JOB *j_lastmade; /* last job allocated by stop_pipeline */
+ JOB *j_lastasync; /* last async job allocated by stop_pipeline */
+};
+
+struct pidstat {
+ struct pidstat *next;
+ pid_t pid;
+ int status;
+};
+
+struct bgpids {
+ struct pidstat *list;
+ struct pidstat *end;
+ int npid;
+};
+
+#define NO_JOB -1 /* An impossible job array index. */
+#define DUP_JOB -2 /* A possible return value for get_job_spec (). */
+#define BAD_JOBSPEC -3 /* Bad syntax for job spec. */
+
+/* A value which cannot be a process ID. */
+#define NO_PID (pid_t)-1
+
+/* System calls. */
+#if !defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+extern pid_t fork (), getpid (), getpgrp ();
+#endif /* !HAVE_UNISTD_H */
+
+/* Stuff from the jobs.c file. */
+extern struct jobstats js;
+
+extern pid_t original_pgrp, shell_pgrp, pipeline_pgrp;
+extern pid_t last_made_pid, last_asynchronous_pid;
+extern int asynchronous_notification;
+
+extern JOB **jobs;
+
+extern void making_children __P((void));
+extern void stop_making_children __P((void));
+extern void cleanup_the_pipeline __P((void));
+extern void save_pipeline __P((int));
+extern void restore_pipeline __P((int));
+extern void start_pipeline __P((void));
+extern int stop_pipeline __P((int, COMMAND *));
+extern void append_process __P((char *, pid_t, int, int));
+
+extern void delete_job __P((int, int));
+extern void nohup_job __P((int));
+extern void delete_all_jobs __P((int));
+extern void nohup_all_jobs __P((int));
+
+extern int count_all_jobs __P((void));
+
+extern void terminate_current_pipeline __P((void));
+extern void terminate_stopped_jobs __P((void));
+extern void hangup_all_jobs __P((void));
+extern void kill_current_pipeline __P((void));
+
+#if defined (__STDC__) && defined (pid_t)
+extern int get_job_by_pid __P((int, int));
+extern void describe_pid __P((int));
+#else
+extern int get_job_by_pid __P((pid_t, int));
+extern void describe_pid __P((pid_t));
+#endif
+
+extern void list_one_job __P((JOB *, int, int, int));
+extern void list_all_jobs __P((int));
+extern void list_stopped_jobs __P((int));
+extern void list_running_jobs __P((int));
+
+extern pid_t make_child __P((char *, int));
+
+extern int get_tty_state __P((void));
+extern int set_tty_state __P((void));
+
+extern int job_exit_status __P((int));
+extern int job_exit_signal __P((int));
+
+extern int wait_for_single_pid __P((pid_t));
+extern void wait_for_background_pids __P((void));
+extern int wait_for __P((pid_t));
+extern int wait_for_job __P((int));
+
+extern void notify_and_cleanup __P((void));
+extern void reap_dead_jobs __P((void));
+extern int start_job __P((int, int));
+extern int kill_pid __P((pid_t, int, int));
+extern int initialize_job_control __P((int));
+extern void initialize_job_signals __P((void));
+extern int give_terminal_to __P((pid_t, int));
+
+extern void run_sigchld_trap __P((int));
+
+extern void unfreeze_jobs_list __P((void));
+extern int set_job_control __P((int));
+extern void without_job_control __P((void));
+extern void end_job_control __P((void));
+extern void restart_job_control __P((void));
+extern void set_sigchld_handler __P((void));
+extern void ignore_tty_job_signals __P((void));
+extern void default_tty_job_signals __P((void));
+
+extern void init_job_stats __P((void));
+
+extern void close_pgrp_pipe __P((void));
+extern void save_pgrp_pipe __P((int *, int));
+extern void restore_pgrp_pipe __P((int *));
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+extern int job_control;
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _JOBS_H_ */
fprintf (stderr, "%ld\n", (long) pid);
}
+void
+freeze_jobs_list ()
+{
+}
+
void
unfreeze_jobs_list ()
{
--- /dev/null
+/* nojobs.c - functions that make children, remember them, and handle their termination. */
+
+/* This file works under BSD, System V, minix, and Posix systems. It does
+ not implement job control. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+# include "input.h"
+#endif
+
+/* Need to include this up here for *_TTY_DRIVER definitions. */
+#include "shtty.h"
+
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "jobs.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+
+#include "builtins/builtext.h" /* for wait_builtin */
+
+#define DEFAULT_CHILD_MAX 32
+
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) || !defined (HAVE_KILLPG)
+# define killpg(pg, sig) kill(-(pg),(sig))
+#endif /* USG || _POSIX_VERSION */
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT) && !defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+# define siginterrupt(sig, code)
+#endif /* !HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT && !HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */
+
+#if defined (HAVE_WAITPID)
+# define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) waitpid (pid, statusp, options)
+#else
+# define WAITPID(pid, statusp, options) wait (statusp)
+#endif /* !HAVE_WAITPID */
+
+/* Return the fd from which we are actually getting input. */
+#define input_tty() (shell_tty != -1) ? shell_tty : fileno (stderr)
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif /* !errno */
+
+extern int interactive, interactive_shell, login_shell;
+extern int subshell_environment;
+extern int last_command_exit_value, last_command_exit_signal;
+extern int interrupt_immediately;
+extern sh_builtin_func_t *this_shell_builtin;
+#if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+extern sigset_t top_level_mask;
+#endif
+extern procenv_t wait_intr_buf;
+extern int wait_signal_received;
+
+pid_t last_made_pid = NO_PID;
+pid_t last_asynchronous_pid = NO_PID;
+
+/* Call this when you start making children. */
+int already_making_children = 0;
+
+/* The controlling tty for this shell. */
+int shell_tty = -1;
+
+/* If this is non-zero, $LINES and $COLUMNS are reset after every process
+ exits from get_tty_state(). */
+int check_window_size;
+
+/* STATUS and FLAGS are only valid if pid != NO_PID
+ STATUS is only valid if (flags & PROC_RUNNING) == 0 */
+struct proc_status {
+ pid_t pid;
+ int status; /* Exit status of PID or 128 + fatal signal number */
+ int flags;
+};
+
+/* Values for proc_status.flags */
+#define PROC_RUNNING 0x01
+#define PROC_NOTIFIED 0x02
+#define PROC_ASYNC 0x04
+#define PROC_SIGNALED 0x10
+
+/* Return values from find_status_by_pid */
+#define PROC_BAD -1
+#define PROC_STILL_ALIVE -2
+
+static struct proc_status *pid_list = (struct proc_status *)NULL;
+static int pid_list_size;
+static int wait_sigint_received;
+
+static long child_max = -1L;
+
+static void alloc_pid_list __P((void));
+static int find_proc_slot __P((void));
+static int find_index_by_pid __P((pid_t));
+static int find_status_by_pid __P((pid_t));
+static int process_exit_status __P((WAIT));
+static int find_termsig_by_pid __P((pid_t));
+static int get_termsig __P((WAIT));
+static void set_pid_status __P((pid_t, WAIT));
+static void set_pid_flags __P((pid_t, int));
+static void unset_pid_flags __P((pid_t, int));
+static int get_pid_flags __P((pid_t));
+static void add_pid __P((pid_t, int));
+static void mark_dead_jobs_as_notified __P((int));
+
+static sighandler wait_sigint_handler __P((int));
+static char *j_strsignal __P((int));
+
+#if defined (HAVE_WAITPID)
+static void reap_zombie_children __P((void));
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT) && defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+static int siginterrupt __P((int, int));
+#endif
+
+static void restore_sigint_handler __P((void));
+
+/* Allocate new, or grow existing PID_LIST. */
+static void
+alloc_pid_list ()
+{
+ register int i;
+ int old = pid_list_size;
+
+ pid_list_size += 10;
+ pid_list = (struct proc_status *)xrealloc (pid_list, pid_list_size * sizeof (struct proc_status));
+
+ /* None of the newly allocated slots have process id's yet. */
+ for (i = old; i < pid_list_size; i++)
+ pid_list[i].pid = NO_PID;
+}
+
+/* Return the offset within the PID_LIST array of an empty slot. This can
+ create new slots if all of the existing slots are taken. */
+static int
+find_proc_slot ()
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < pid_list_size; i++)
+ if (pid_list[i].pid == NO_PID)
+ return (i);
+
+ if (i == pid_list_size)
+ alloc_pid_list ();
+
+ return (i);
+}
+
+/* Return the offset within the PID_LIST array of a slot containing PID,
+ or the value NO_PID if the pid wasn't found. */
+static int
+find_index_by_pid (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < pid_list_size; i++)
+ if (pid_list[i].pid == pid)
+ return (i);
+
+ return (NO_PID);
+}
+
+/* Return the status of PID as looked up in the PID_LIST array. A
+ return value of PROC_BAD indicates that PID wasn't found. */
+static int
+find_status_by_pid (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ int i;
+
+ i = find_index_by_pid (pid);
+ if (i == NO_PID)
+ return (PROC_BAD);
+ if (pid_list[i].flags & PROC_RUNNING)
+ return (PROC_STILL_ALIVE);
+ return (pid_list[i].status);
+}
+
+static int
+process_exit_status (status)
+ WAIT status;
+{
+ if (WIFSIGNALED (status))
+ return (128 + WTERMSIG (status));
+ else
+ return (WEXITSTATUS (status));
+}
+
+/* Return the status of PID as looked up in the PID_LIST array. A
+ return value of PROC_BAD indicates that PID wasn't found. */
+static int
+find_termsig_by_pid (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ int i;
+
+ i = find_index_by_pid (pid);
+ if (i == NO_PID)
+ return (0);
+ if (pid_list[i].flags & PROC_RUNNING)
+ return (0);
+ return (get_termsig ((WAIT)pid_list[i].status));
+}
+
+/* Set LAST_COMMAND_EXIT_SIGNAL depending on STATUS. If STATUS is -1, look
+ up PID in the pid array and set LAST_COMMAND_EXIT_SIGNAL appropriately
+ depending on its flags and exit status. */
+static int
+get_termsig (status)
+ WAIT status;
+{
+ if (WIFSTOPPED (status) == 0 && WIFSIGNALED (status))
+ return (WTERMSIG (status));
+ else
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Give PID the status value STATUS in the PID_LIST array. */
+static void
+set_pid_status (pid, status)
+ pid_t pid;
+ WAIT status;
+{
+ int slot;
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_pidchk (pid, status);
+#endif
+
+ slot = find_index_by_pid (pid);
+ if (slot == NO_PID)
+ return;
+
+ pid_list[slot].status = process_exit_status (status);
+ pid_list[slot].flags &= ~PROC_RUNNING;
+ if (WIFSIGNALED (status))
+ pid_list[slot].flags |= PROC_SIGNALED;
+ /* If it's not a background process, mark it as notified so it gets
+ cleaned up. */
+ if ((pid_list[slot].flags & PROC_ASYNC) == 0)
+ pid_list[slot].flags |= PROC_NOTIFIED;
+}
+
+/* Give PID the flags FLAGS in the PID_LIST array. */
+static void
+set_pid_flags (pid, flags)
+ pid_t pid;
+ int flags;
+{
+ int slot;
+
+ slot = find_index_by_pid (pid);
+ if (slot == NO_PID)
+ return;
+
+ pid_list[slot].flags |= flags;
+}
+
+/* Unset FLAGS for PID in the pid list */
+static void
+unset_pid_flags (pid, flags)
+ pid_t pid;
+ int flags;
+{
+ int slot;
+
+ slot = find_index_by_pid (pid);
+ if (slot == NO_PID)
+ return;
+
+ pid_list[slot].flags &= ~flags;
+}
+
+/* Return the flags corresponding to PID in the PID_LIST array. */
+static int
+get_pid_flags (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ int slot;
+
+ slot = find_index_by_pid (pid);
+ if (slot == NO_PID)
+ return 0;
+
+ return (pid_list[slot].flags);
+}
+
+static void
+add_pid (pid, async)
+ pid_t pid;
+ int async;
+{
+ int slot;
+
+ slot = find_proc_slot ();
+
+ pid_list[slot].pid = pid;
+ pid_list[slot].status = -1;
+ pid_list[slot].flags = PROC_RUNNING;
+ if (async)
+ pid_list[slot].flags |= PROC_ASYNC;
+}
+
+static void
+mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (force)
+ int force;
+{
+ register int i, ndead;
+
+ /* first, count the number of non-running async jobs if FORCE == 0 */
+ for (i = ndead = 0; force == 0 && i < pid_list_size; i++)
+ {
+ if (pid_list[i].pid == NO_PID)
+ continue;
+ if (((pid_list[i].flags & PROC_RUNNING) == 0) &&
+ (pid_list[i].flags & PROC_ASYNC))
+ ndead++;
+ }
+
+ if (child_max < 0)
+ child_max = getmaxchild ();
+ if (child_max < 0)
+ child_max = DEFAULT_CHILD_MAX;
+
+ if (force == 0 && ndead <= child_max)
+ return;
+
+ /* If FORCE == 0, we just mark as many non-running async jobs as notified
+ to bring us under the CHILD_MAX limit. */
+ for (i = 0; i < pid_list_size; i++)
+ {
+ if (pid_list[i].pid == NO_PID)
+ continue;
+ if (((pid_list[i].flags & PROC_RUNNING) == 0) &&
+ pid_list[i].pid != last_asynchronous_pid)
+ {
+ pid_list[i].flags |= PROC_NOTIFIED;
+ if (force == 0 && (pid_list[i].flags & PROC_ASYNC) && --ndead <= child_max)
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/* Remove all dead, notified jobs from the pid_list. */
+int
+cleanup_dead_jobs ()
+{
+ register int i;
+
+#if defined (HAVE_WAITPID)
+ reap_zombie_children ();
+#endif
+
+ for (i = 0; i < pid_list_size; i++)
+ {
+ if ((pid_list[i].flags & PROC_RUNNING) == 0 &&
+ (pid_list[i].flags & PROC_NOTIFIED))
+ pid_list[i].pid = NO_PID;
+ }
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_reap ();
+#endif
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void
+reap_dead_jobs ()
+{
+ mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (0);
+ cleanup_dead_jobs ();
+}
+
+/* Initialize the job control mechanism, and set up the tty stuff. */
+initialize_job_control (force)
+ int force;
+{
+ shell_tty = fileno (stderr);
+
+ if (interactive)
+ get_tty_state ();
+}
+
+/* Setup this shell to handle C-C, etc. */
+void
+initialize_job_signals ()
+{
+ set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler);
+
+ /* If this is a login shell we don't wish to be disturbed by
+ stop signals. */
+ if (login_shell)
+ ignore_tty_job_signals ();
+}
+
+#if defined (HAVE_WAITPID)
+/* Collect the status of all zombie children so that their system
+ resources can be deallocated. */
+static void
+reap_zombie_children ()
+{
+# if defined (WNOHANG)
+ pid_t pid;
+ WAIT status;
+
+ CHECK_TERMSIG;
+ while ((pid = waitpid (-1, (int *)&status, WNOHANG)) > 0)
+ set_pid_status (pid, status);
+# endif /* WNOHANG */
+ CHECK_TERMSIG;
+}
+#endif /* WAITPID */
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT) && defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+static int
+siginterrupt (sig, flag)
+ int sig, flag;
+{
+ struct sigaction act;
+
+ sigaction (sig, (struct sigaction *)NULL, &act);
+
+ if (flag)
+ act.sa_flags &= ~SA_RESTART;
+ else
+ act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
+
+ return (sigaction (sig, &act, (struct sigaction *)NULL));
+}
+#endif /* !HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT && HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS */
+
+/* Fork, handling errors. Returns the pid of the newly made child, or 0.
+ COMMAND is just for remembering the name of the command; we don't do
+ anything else with it. ASYNC_P says what to do with the tty. If
+ non-zero, then don't give it away. */
+pid_t
+make_child (command, async_p)
+ char *command;
+ int async_p;
+{
+ pid_t pid;
+ int forksleep;
+
+ /* Discard saved memory. */
+ if (command)
+ free (command);
+
+ start_pipeline ();
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ /* If default_buffered_input is active, we are reading a script. If
+ the command is asynchronous, we have already duplicated /dev/null
+ as fd 0, but have not changed the buffered stream corresponding to
+ the old fd 0. We don't want to sync the stream in this case. */
+ if (default_buffered_input != -1 && (!async_p || default_buffered_input > 0))
+ sync_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input);
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ /* Create the child, handle severe errors. Retry on EAGAIN. */
+ forksleep = 1;
+ while ((pid = fork ()) < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && forksleep < FORKSLEEP_MAX)
+ {
+ sys_error ("fork: retry");
+#if defined (HAVE_WAITPID)
+ /* Posix systems with a non-blocking waitpid () system call available
+ get another chance after zombies are reaped. */
+ reap_zombie_children ();
+ if (forksleep > 1 && sleep (forksleep) != 0)
+ break;
+#else
+ if (sleep (forksleep) != 0)
+ break;
+#endif /* HAVE_WAITPID */
+ forksleep <<= 1;
+ }
+
+ if (pid < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error ("fork");
+ throw_to_top_level ();
+ }
+
+ if (pid == 0)
+ {
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ unset_bash_input (0);
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+#if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+ /* Restore top-level signal mask. */
+ sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &top_level_mask, (sigset_t *)NULL);
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+ /* Ignore INT and QUIT in asynchronous children. */
+ if (async_p)
+ last_asynchronous_pid = getpid ();
+#endif
+
+ default_tty_job_signals ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* In the parent. */
+
+ last_made_pid = pid;
+
+ if (async_p)
+ last_asynchronous_pid = pid;
+
+ add_pid (pid, async_p);
+ }
+ return (pid);
+}
+
+void
+ignore_tty_job_signals ()
+{
+#if defined (SIGTSTP)
+ set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
+ set_signal_handler (SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN);
+ set_signal_handler (SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+default_tty_job_signals ()
+{
+#if defined (SIGTSTP)
+ set_signal_handler (SIGTSTP, SIG_DFL);
+ set_signal_handler (SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL);
+ set_signal_handler (SIGTTOU, SIG_DFL);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Wait for a single pid (PID) and return its exit status. Called by
+ the wait builtin. */
+int
+wait_for_single_pid (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ pid_t got_pid;
+ WAIT status;
+ int pstatus, flags;
+
+ pstatus = find_status_by_pid (pid);
+
+ if (pstatus == PROC_BAD)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"), (long)pid);
+ return (127);
+ }
+
+ if (pstatus != PROC_STILL_ALIVE)
+ {
+ if (pstatus > 128)
+ last_command_exit_signal = find_termsig_by_pid (pid);
+ return (pstatus);
+ }
+
+ siginterrupt (SIGINT, 1);
+ while ((got_pid = WAITPID (pid, &status, 0)) != pid)
+ {
+ CHECK_TERMSIG;
+ if (got_pid < 0)
+ {
+ if (errno != EINTR && errno != ECHILD)
+ {
+ siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0);
+ sys_error ("wait");
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (got_pid > 0)
+ set_pid_status (got_pid, status);
+ }
+
+ if (got_pid > 0)
+ {
+ set_pid_status (got_pid, status);
+ set_pid_flags (got_pid, PROC_NOTIFIED);
+ }
+
+ siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0);
+ QUIT;
+
+ return (got_pid > 0 ? process_exit_status (status) : -1);
+}
+
+/* Wait for all of the shell's children to exit. Called by the `wait'
+ builtin. */
+void
+wait_for_background_pids ()
+{
+ pid_t got_pid;
+ WAIT status;
+
+ /* If we aren't using job control, we let the kernel take care of the
+ bookkeeping for us. wait () will return -1 and set errno to ECHILD
+ when there are no more unwaited-for child processes on both
+ 4.2 BSD-based and System V-based systems. */
+
+ siginterrupt (SIGINT, 1);
+
+ /* Wait for ECHILD */
+ while ((got_pid = WAITPID (-1, &status, 0)) != -1)
+ set_pid_status (got_pid, status);
+
+ if (errno != EINTR && errno != ECHILD)
+ {
+ siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0);
+ sys_error("wait");
+ }
+
+ siginterrupt (SIGINT, 0);
+ QUIT;
+
+ mark_dead_jobs_as_notified (1);
+ cleanup_dead_jobs ();
+}
+
+/* Make OLD_SIGINT_HANDLER the SIGINT signal handler. */
+#define INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER (SigHandler *)wait_for_background_pids
+static SigHandler *old_sigint_handler = INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER;
+
+static void
+restore_sigint_handler ()
+{
+ if (old_sigint_handler != INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER)
+ {
+ set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint_handler);
+ old_sigint_handler = INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER;
+ }
+}
+
+/* Handle SIGINT while we are waiting for children in a script to exit.
+ All interrupts are effectively ignored by the shell, but allowed to
+ kill a running job. */
+static sighandler
+wait_sigint_handler (sig)
+ int sig;
+{
+ SigHandler *sigint_handler;
+
+ /* If we got a SIGINT while in `wait', and SIGINT is trapped, do
+ what POSIX.2 says (see builtins/wait.def for more info). */
+ if (this_shell_builtin && this_shell_builtin == wait_builtin &&
+ signal_is_trapped (SIGINT) &&
+ ((sigint_handler = trap_to_sighandler (SIGINT)) == trap_handler))
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ restore_sigint_handler ();
+ interrupt_immediately = 0;
+ trap_handler (SIGINT); /* set pending_traps[SIGINT] */
+ wait_signal_received = SIGINT;
+ longjmp (wait_intr_buf, 1);
+ }
+
+ if (interrupt_immediately)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ restore_sigint_handler ();
+ ADDINTERRUPT;
+ QUIT;
+ }
+
+ wait_sigint_received = 1;
+
+ SIGRETURN (0);
+}
+
+static char *
+j_strsignal (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ static char retcode_name_buffer[64] = { '\0' };
+ char *x;
+
+ x = strsignal (s);
+ if (x == 0)
+ {
+ x = retcode_name_buffer;
+ sprintf (x, "Signal %d", s);
+ }
+ return x;
+}
+
+/* Wait for pid (one of our children) to terminate. This is called only
+ by the execution code in execute_cmd.c. */
+int
+wait_for (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ int return_val, pstatus;
+ pid_t got_pid;
+ WAIT status;
+
+ pstatus = find_status_by_pid (pid);
+
+ if (pstatus == PROC_BAD)
+ return (0);
+
+ if (pstatus != PROC_STILL_ALIVE)
+ {
+ if (pstatus > 128)
+ last_command_exit_signal = find_termsig_by_pid (pid);
+ return (pstatus);
+ }
+
+ /* If we are running a script, ignore SIGINT while we're waiting for
+ a child to exit. The loop below does some of this, but not all. */
+ wait_sigint_received = 0;
+ if (interactive_shell == 0)
+ old_sigint_handler = set_signal_handler (SIGINT, wait_sigint_handler);
+
+ while ((got_pid = WAITPID (-1, &status, 0)) != pid) /* XXX was pid now -1 */
+ {
+ CHECK_TERMSIG;
+ if (got_pid < 0 && errno == ECHILD)
+ {
+#if !defined (_POSIX_VERSION)
+ status.w_termsig = status.w_retcode = 0;
+#else
+ status = 0;
+#endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (got_pid < 0 && errno != EINTR)
+ programming_error ("wait_for(%ld): %s", (long)pid, strerror(errno));
+ else if (got_pid > 0)
+ set_pid_status (got_pid, status);
+ }
+
+ if (got_pid > 0)
+ set_pid_status (got_pid, status);
+
+#if defined (HAVE_WAITPID)
+ if (got_pid >= 0)
+ reap_zombie_children ();
+#endif /* HAVE_WAITPID */
+
+ if (interactive_shell == 0)
+ {
+ SigHandler *temp_handler;
+
+ temp_handler = old_sigint_handler;
+ restore_sigint_handler ();
+
+ /* If the job exited because of SIGINT, make sure the shell acts as if
+ it had received one also. */
+ if (WIFSIGNALED (status) && (WTERMSIG (status) == SIGINT))
+ {
+
+ if (maybe_call_trap_handler (SIGINT) == 0)
+ {
+ if (temp_handler == SIG_DFL)
+ termsig_handler (SIGINT);
+ else if (temp_handler != INVALID_SIGNAL_HANDLER && temp_handler != SIG_IGN)
+ (*temp_handler) (SIGINT);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Default return value. */
+ /* ``a full 8 bits of status is returned'' */
+ return_val = process_exit_status (status);
+ last_command_exit_signal = get_termsig (status);
+
+#if !defined (DONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE)
+ if ((WIFSTOPPED (status) == 0) && WIFSIGNALED (status) &&
+ (WTERMSIG (status) != SIGINT))
+#else
+ if ((WIFSTOPPED (status) == 0) && WIFSIGNALED (status) &&
+ (WTERMSIG (status) != SIGINT) && (WTERMSIG (status) != SIGPIPE))
+#endif
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s", j_strsignal (WTERMSIG (status)));
+ if (WIFCORED (status))
+ fprintf (stderr, _(" (core dumped)"));
+ fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+ }
+
+ if (interactive_shell && subshell_environment == 0)
+ {
+ if (WIFSIGNALED (status) || WIFSTOPPED (status))
+ set_tty_state ();
+ else
+ get_tty_state ();
+ }
+
+ return (return_val);
+}
+
+/* Send PID SIGNAL. Returns -1 on failure, 0 on success. If GROUP is non-zero,
+ or PID is less than -1, then kill the process group associated with PID. */
+int
+kill_pid (pid, signal, group)
+ pid_t pid;
+ int signal, group;
+{
+ int result;
+
+ if (pid < -1)
+ {
+ pid = -pid;
+ group = 1;
+ }
+ result = group ? killpg (pid, signal) : kill (pid, signal);
+ return (result);
+}
+
+static TTYSTRUCT shell_tty_info;
+static int got_tty_state;
+
+/* Fill the contents of shell_tty_info with the current tty info. */
+get_tty_state ()
+{
+ int tty;
+
+ tty = input_tty ();
+ if (tty != -1)
+ {
+ ttgetattr (tty, &shell_tty_info);
+ got_tty_state = 1;
+ if (check_window_size)
+ get_new_window_size (0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Make the current tty use the state in shell_tty_info. */
+int
+set_tty_state ()
+{
+ int tty;
+
+ tty = input_tty ();
+ if (tty != -1)
+ {
+ if (got_tty_state == 0)
+ return 0;
+ ttsetattr (tty, &shell_tty_info);
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Give the terminal to PGRP. */
+give_terminal_to (pgrp, force)
+ pid_t pgrp;
+ int force;
+{
+}
+
+/* Stop a pipeline. */
+int
+stop_pipeline (async, ignore)
+ int async;
+ COMMAND *ignore;
+{
+ already_making_children = 0;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void
+start_pipeline ()
+{
+ already_making_children = 1;
+}
+
+void
+stop_making_children ()
+{
+ already_making_children = 0;
+}
+
+int
+get_job_by_pid (pid, block)
+ pid_t pid;
+ int block;
+{
+ int i;
+
+ i = find_index_by_pid (pid);
+ return ((i == NO_PID) ? PROC_BAD : i);
+}
+
+/* Print descriptive information about the job with leader pid PID. */
+void
+describe_pid (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ fprintf (stderr, "%ld\n", (long) pid);
+}
+
+void
+unfreeze_jobs_list ()
+{
+}
+
+int
+count_all_jobs ()
+{
+ return 0;
+}
time_command_acceptable ()
{
#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ int i;
+
+ if (posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41)
+ {
+ /* Quick check of the rest of the line to find the next token. If it
+ begins with a `-', Posix says to not return `time' as the token.
+ This was interp 267. */
+ i = shell_input_line_index;
+ while (i < shell_input_line_len && (shell_input_line[i] == ' ' || shell_input_line[i] == '\t'))
+ i++;
+ if (shell_input_line[i] == '-')
+ return 0;
+ }
+
switch (last_read_token)
{
case 0:
if ((parser_state & PST_EOFTOKEN) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
{
current_token = yacc_EOF;
-itrace("read_token: read shell_eof_token, returning yacc_EOF");
if (bash_input.type == st_string)
rewind_input_string ();
}
time_command_acceptable ()
{
#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ int c, i;
+
+ if (posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41)
+ {
+ i = shell_input_line_index;
+ while (i < shell_input_line_len && (shell_input_line[i] == ' ' || shell_input_line[i] == '\t'))
+ i++;
+ if (shell_input_line[i] == '-')
+ return 0;
+ }
+
switch (last_read_token)
{
case 0:
break;
}
-if (result == WORD)
- itrace("read_token: returning WORD: `%s'", yylval.word->word);
-
return (result);
}
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-30 08:25-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-06-24 16:27+0800\n"
-"Last-Translator: Al
yex.ye <alyex.ye@gmail.com>\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-06-29 10:16+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Al
ex Ye <alyex.ye@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese (simplified) <i18n-zh@googlegroups.com>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
" -r\t限制仅输出运行中的任务\n"
" -s\t限制仅输出停止的任务\n"
" \n"
-" 如果使用了 -x 选项，ARG 参数中的所有任务申明会被替换为该任务\n"
+" 如果使用了 -x 选项，ARG 参数中的所有任务声明会被替换为该任务\n"
" 的进程组头领的进程号，然后执行 COMMAND 命令。\n"
" \n"
" 退出状态：\n"
" -r\t仅删除运行中的任务\n"
" \n"
" 退出状态：\n"
-" 返回成功除非使用了无效的选项或者 JOBSPEC 申明。"
+" 返回成功除非使用了无效的选项或者 JOBSPEC 声明。"
#: builtins.c:898
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"向一个任务发送一个信号。\n"
+" \n"
+" 向以 PID 进程号或者 JOBSPEC 任务声明指定的进程发送一个以\n"
+" SIGSPEC 信号声明或 SIGNUM 信号编号命名的信号。如果没有指定\n"
+" SIGSPEC 或 SIGNUM，那么假定发送 SIGTERM 信号。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -s sig\tSIG 是信号名称\n"
+" -n sig\tSIG 是信号编号\n"
+" -l\t列出信号名称；如果参数后跟 `-l'则被假设为信号编号，\n"
+" \t而相应的信号名称会被列出\n"
+" \n"
+" Kill 成为 shell 内嵌有两个理由：它允许使用任务编号而不是进程号，\n"
+" 并且在可以创建的进程数上限达到是允许进程被杀死。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者有错误发生。"
#: builtins.c:921
msgid ""
" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out,\n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
+"从标准输入读取一行并将其分为不同的域。\n"
+" \n"
+" 从标准输入读取单独的一行，或者如果使用了 -u 选项，从文件描\n"
+" 述 FD 中读取。该行被分割成域，如同词语分割一样，并且\n"
+" 第一个词被赋值给第一个 NAME 变量，第二个词被赋值给第二个\n"
+" NAME 变量，如此继续，直到剩下所有的词被赋值给最后一个\n"
+" NAME 变量。只有 $IFS 变量中的字符被认作是词语分隔符。\n"
+" \n"
+" 如果没有提供 NAME 变量，则读取的行被存放在 REPLY 变量中。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -a array\t将词语赋值给 ARRAY 数组变量的序列下标成员，从\n"
+" \t\t零开始。\n"
+" -d delim\t持续读取直到读入 DELIM 变量中的第一个字符，而不是\n"
+" \t\t换行符\n"
+" -e\t\t在一个交互式 shell 中使用 readline 获取行\n"
+" -i text\t使用 TEXT 文本作为 readline 的初始文字\n"
+" -n nchars\t读取 nchars 个字符之后返回，而不是等到读取\n"
+" \t\t换行符，但是分隔符仍然有效，如果遇到分隔符之前读\n"
+" \t\t取了不足 nchars 个字符\n"
+" -N nchars\t在准确读取了 nchars 个字符之后返回，除非遇到\n"
+" \t\t了文件结束符或者读超时，任何的分隔符都被忽略\n"
+" -p prompt\t在尝试读取之前输出 PROMPT 提示符并且不带\n"
+" \t\t换行符\n"
+" -r\t\t不允许反斜杠转义任何字符\n"
+" -s\t\t不显示终端的任何输入\n"
+" -t timeout\t如果在 TIMEOUT 秒内没有读取一个完整的行则\n"
+" \t\t超时并且返回失败。TMOUT 变量的值是默认的超时时间。\n"
+" \t\tTIMEOUT 可以是小数。如果 TIMEOUT 是0，那么仅当在\n"
+" \t\t指定的文件描述符上输入有效的时候，read 才返回成功。\n"
+" \t\t如果超过了超时时间，则返回状态码大于128\n"
+" -u fd\t\t从文件描述符 FD 中读取，而不是标准输入\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回码为零，除非遇到了文件结束符，读超时，或者无效的文\n"
+" 件描述符作为参数传递给了 -u 选项。"
#: builtins.c:1009
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
+"设定或反设定 shell 选项和位置参数的值。\n"
+" \n"
+" 改变 shell 选项和位置参数的值，或者显示 shell 变量的\n"
+" 名称和值。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -a 标记修改的或者创建的变量为导出。\n"
+" -b 立即通告任务终结。\n"
+" -e 如果一个命令以非零状态退出，则立即退出。\n"
+" -f 禁用文件名生成（模式匹配）。\n"
+" -h 当查询命令时记住它们的位置\n"
+" -k 所有的赋值参数被放在命令的环境中，而不仅仅是\n"
+" 命令名称之前的参数。\n"
+" -m 启用任务控制。\n"
+" -n 读取命令但不执行\n"
+" -o 选项名\n"
+" 设定与选项名对应的变量：\n"
+" allexport 与 -a 相同\n"
+" braceexpand 与 -B 相同\n"
+" emacs 使用 emacs 风格的行编辑界面\n"
+" errexit 与 -e 相同\n"
+" errtrace 与 -E 相同\n"
+" functrace 与 -T 相同\n"
+" hashall 与 -h 相同\n"
+" histexpand 与 -H 相同\n"
+" history 启用命令历史\n"
+" ignoreeof shell 读取文件结束符时不会退出\n"
+" interactive-comments\n"
+" 允许在交互式命令中显示注释\n"
+" keyword 与 -k 相同\n"
+" monitor 与 -m 相同\n"
+" noclobber 与 -C 相同\n"
+" noexec 与 -n 相同\n"
+" noglob 与 -f 相同\n"
+" nolog 目前可接受但是被忽略\n"
+" notify 与-b 相同\n"
+" nounset 与 -u 相同\n"
+" onecmd 与 -t 相同\n"
+" physical 与 -P 相同\n"
+" pipefail 管道的返值是最后一个非零返回值的命令的返回结果，\n"
+" 或者当所有命令都返回零是也为零。\n"
+" posix 改变默认时和 Posix 标准不同的 bash 行为\n"
+" 以匹配标准\n"
+" privileged 与 -p 相同\n"
+" verbose 与 -v 相同\n"
+" vi 使用 vi 风格的行编辑界面\n"
+" xtrace 与 -x 相同\n"
+" -p 无论何时当真实的有效的用户身份不匹配时打开。\n"
+" 禁用对 $ENV 文件的处理以及导入 shell 函数。\n"
+" 关闭此选项会导致有效的用户编号和组编号设定\n"
+" 为真实的用户编号和组编号\n"
+" -t 读取并执行一个命令之后退出。\n"
+" -u 替换时将为设定的变量当作错误对待。\n"
+" -v 读取 shell 输入行时将它们打印。\n"
+" -x 执行命令时打印它们以及参数。\n"
+" -B shell 将执行花括号扩展。\n"
+" -C 设定之后禁止以重定向输出的方式覆盖常\n"
+" 规文件。\n"
+" -E 设定之后 ERR 陷阱会被 shell 函数继承。\n"
+" -H 启用 ! 风格的历史替换。当 shell 是交互式的\n"
+" 时候这个标识位默认打开。\n"
+" -P 设定之后类似 cd 的会改变当前目录的命令不\n"
+" 追踪符号链接。\n"
+" -T 设定之后 DEBUG 陷阱会被 shell 函数继承。\n"
+" - 任何剩余的参数会被赋值给位置参数。\n"
+" -x 和 -v 选项已关闭。\n"
+" \n"
+" 使用 + 而不是 - 会使标志位被关闭。标志位也可以在\n"
+" shell 被启动时使用。当前的标志位设定可以在 $- 变\n"
+" 量中找到。剩余的 ARG 参数是位置参数并且是按照\n"
+" $1, $2, .. $n 的顺序被赋值的。如果没有给定 ARG\n"
+" 参数，则打印所有的 shell 变量。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功除非使用了无效的参数。"
#: builtins.c:1104
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
+"反设定 shell 变量和函数的值和属性。\n"
+" \n"
+" 对每一个 NAME 名称，删除对应的变量或函数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -f\t将每个 NAME 名称当作函数对待\n"
+" -v\t将每个 NAME 名称当作变量对待\n"
+" \n"
+" 不带选项时，unset 首先尝试反设定一个变量，如果\n"
+" 失败，再尝试反设定一个函数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 某些变量不可以被反设定；请查看 `readonly'。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者 NAME 名称为只读。"
#: builtins.c:1124
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
+"为 shell 变量设定导出属性。\n"
+" \n"
+" 标记每个 NAME 名称为自动导出到后续命令执行的环境。如果提供了 VALUE\n"
+" 则导出前将 VALUE 作为赋值。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -f\t指 shell 函数\n"
+" -n\t删除每个 NAME 名称的导出属性\n"
+" -p\t显示所有导出的变量和函数的列表\n"
+" \n"
+" `--' 的参数禁用进一步的选项处理。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者 NAME 名称。"
#: builtins.c:1143
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
+"标记 shell 变量为不可改变。\n"
+" \n"
+" 标记每一个 NAME 名称为只读；这些 NAME 变量的值将不可以被后续的赋值\n"
+" 操作所改变。如果提供了 VALUE，则在标记为只读之前将 VALUE 值赋给变量。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -a\t指下标数组变量\n"
+" -A\t指关联数组标量\n"
+" -f\t指 shell 函数\n"
+" -p\t显示只读变量和函数列表\n"
+" \n"
+" `--' 的参数禁用进一步的选项处理。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者 NAME 名称。"
#: builtins.c:1164
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
+"移位位置参数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 重命名位置参数 $N+1、$N+2 ... 到 $1、$2 ... 如果没有给定 N，\n"
+" 则假设为1.\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非 N 为负或者大于 $#。"
#: builtins.c:1176 builtins.c:1191
msgid ""
" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
+"在当前 shell 中执行一个文件中的命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" 在当前 shell 中读取并执行 FILENAME 文件中的命令。$PATH 变量中的\n"
+" 条目被用于寻找包含 FILENAME 文件的目录。如果提供了任何的 ARGUMENTS\n"
+" 参数，则它们将成为 FILENAME 文件执行时的位置参数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回 FILENAME 文件中最后一个命令的状态；如果 FILENAME 文件不可读则失败。"
#: builtins.c:1207
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"挂起 shell 执行。\n"
+" \n"
+" 挂起 shell 的执行直到收到 SIGCONT 信号。\n"
+" 登录 shell 不可以被挂起，除非强制执行。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -f\t强制挂起，即使是登录 shell。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非没有启用任务控制或者有错误发生。"
#: builtins.c:1223
msgid ""
" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
+"对条件表达式进行估值。\n"
+" \n"
+" 根据 EXPR 表达式的估值以状态0（真）或1（伪）退出。\n"
+" 表达式可以是一元或者二元的。一元表达式通常用于检测\n"
+" 文件状态。同时还有字符串操作符和数字比较操作符。\n"
+" \n"
+" 文件操作符：\n"
+" \n"
+" -a 文件 如果文件存在则为真。\n"
+" -b 文件 如果文件为块特殊文件则为真。\n"
+" -c 文件 如果文件为字符特殊文件则为真。\n"
+" -d 文件 如果文件为目录则为真。\n"
+" -e 文件 如果文件存在则为真。\n"
+" -f 文件 如果文件存在且为常规文件则为真。\n"
+" -g 文件 如果文件的组属性设置打开则为真。\n"
+" -h 文件 如果文件为符号链接则为真。\n"
+" -L 文件 如果文件为符号链接则为真。\n"
+" -k 文件 如果文件的粘滞位设定则为真。\n"
+" -p 文件 如果文件为命名管道则为真。\n"
+" -r 文件 如果文件对于您是可读的则为真。\n"
+" -s 文件 如果文件存在且不为空则为真。\n"
+" -S 文件 如果文件是套接字则为真。\n"
+" -t 文件描述符 如果文件描述符在一个终端上打开则为真。\n"
+" -u 文件 如果文件的用户数行设置打开则为真。\n"
+" -w 文件 如果文件对您是可写的则为真\n"
+" -x 文件 如果文件对您是可执行的则为真。\n"
+" -O 文件 如果文件是被您所有的则为真。\n"
+" -G 文件 如果文件被您的组所有则为真。\n"
+" -N 文件 如果文件上次被读取之后修改过则为真。\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -nt FILE2 如果 file1 文件新于 file2 文件则为真（根据\n"
+" 修改日期）。\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -ot FILE2 如果 file1 文件旧于 file2 文件则为真。\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -ef FILE2 如果 file1 文件是 file2 文件的硬链接则为真。\n"
+" \n"
+" 字符串操作符\n"
+" \n"
+" -z 字符串 如果字符串为空则为真。\n"
+" \n"
+" -n 字符串\n"
+" 字符串 如果字符串不为空则为真。\n"
+" \n"
+" STRING1 = STRING2\n"
+" 如果 string1 和 string2 字符串相同则为真。\n"
+" STRING1 != STRING2\n"
+" 如果 string1 和 string2 字符串不相同则为真。\n"
+" STRING1 < STRING2\n"
+" 如果按字典排序 string1 在 string2 串之前则为真。\n"
+" STRING1 > STRING2\n"
+" 如果按字典排序 string1 在 string2 串之前则为真。\n"
+" \n"
+" 其他操作符：\n"
+" \n"
+" -o 选项 如果指定 shell 选项启用则为真。\n"
+" ! EXPR 如果表达式 expr 为假则为真。\n"
+" EXPR1 -a EXPR2 如果 expr1 和 expr2 都为真则为真。\n"
+" EXPR1 -o EXPR2 如果 expr1 和 expr2 有一个为真则为真。\n"
+" \n"
+" arg1 OP arg2 算数测试。OP操作符可以是 -eq、-ne、\n"
+" -lt、-le、-gt、或 -ge 中的一个。\n"
+" \n"
+" 二元算数操作返回真，如果 ARG1 参数等于、不等于、\n"
+" 小于、小于等于、大于、或者大于等于 ARG2 参数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 如果 EXPR 表达式估值为真则返回成功；如果 EXPR 表达式估值\n"
+" 为假或者使用了无效的参数则返回失败。"
#: builtins.c:1299
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
+"对信号和其他事件设陷阱。\n"
+" \n"
+" 定义一个处理器，在 shell 接收到信号和其他条件下执行。\n"
+" \n"
+" ARG 参数是当 shell 接收到 SIGNAL_SPEC 信号时读取和执行的命令。\n"
+" 如果没有指定 ARG 参数（并且只给出一个 SIGNAL_SPEC 信号）或者\n"
+" 或者 ARG 参数为 `-'，每一个指定的参数会被重置为原始值。如果 ARG 参数\n"
+" 是一个空串，则每一个 SIGNAL_SPEC 信号会被 shell 和它启动的命令忽略。\n"
+" \n"
+" 如果一个 SIGNAL_SPEC 信号是“退出” (0) ，则 ARG 命令会在 shell 退出时被\n"
+" 执行。如果一个 SIGNAL_SPEC 信号是“调试“，则 ARG命令会在每一个简单命\n"
+" 令之前执行。\n"
+" \n"
+" 如果不提供参数，trap 打印列表显示每一个与每一个信号相关联的\n"
+" 命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -l\t打印一个信号名称和它们对应的编号的列表\n"
+" -p\t打印与每个 SIGNAL_SPEC 信号相关联的陷阱命令\n"
+" \n"
+" 每一个 SIGNAL_SPEC 信号可以是 <signal.h> 中的信号名称或者\n"
+" 信号编号。信号名称大小写敏感且可以使用 SIG 前缀。信号可以用\n"
+" \"kill -signal $$\" 发送给 shell。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者 SIGSPEC。"
#: builtins.c:1352
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found."
msgstr ""
+"显示命令类型的信息。\n"
+" \n"
+" 对于每一个 NAME 名称，指示如果作为命令它将如何被解释。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -a\t显示所有包含名称为 NAME 的可执行文件的位置；\n"
+" \t包括别名、内嵌和函数。仅当 `-p' 选项没有使用时\n"
+" -f\t抑制 shell 函数查询\n"
+" -P\t为每个 NAME 名称惊醒 PATH 路径搜索，即使它是别名、\n"
+" \t内嵌或函数，并且返回将被执行的磁盘上文件的名称。\n"
+" -p\t返回将被执行的磁盘上文件的名称，或者当 `type -t NAME'\n"
+" \t不返回 `file' 时，不返回任何值。\n"
+" -t\t返回下列词中的任何一个`alias'、`keyword'、\n"
+" \t`function'、`builtin'、`file'或者`'，如果 NAME 是相应的\n"
+" \t一个别名、shell 保留字、shell 函数、shell 内嵌、\n"
+" \t磁盘文件或没有找到。\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" NAME\t将要解析的命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 如果所有的 NAME 命令都找到则返回成功；任何找不到则失败。"
#: builtins.c:1383
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"修改 shell 资源限制。\n"
+" \n"
+" 在允许此类控制的系统上，提供对于 shell 及其创建的进程所可用的\n"
+" 资源的控制。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -S\t使用 `soft'（软）资源限制\n"
+" -H\t使用 `hard'（硬）资源限制\n"
+" -a\t所有当前限制都被报告\n"
+" -b\t套接字缓存尺寸\n"
+" -c\t创建的核文件的最大尺寸\n"
+" -d\t一个进程的数据区的最大尺寸\n"
+" -e\t最高的调度优先级（`nice'）\n"
+" -f\t有 shell 及其子进程可以写的最大文件尺寸\n"
+" -i\t最多的可以挂起的信号数\n"
+" -l\t一个进程可以锁定的最大内存尺寸\n"
+" -m\t最大的内存进驻尺寸\n"
+" -n\t最多的打开的文件描述符个数\n"
+" -p\t管道缓冲区尺寸\n"
+" -q\tPOSIX 信息队列的最大字节数\n"
+" -r\t实时调度的最大优先级\n"
+" -s\t最大栈尺寸\n"
+" -t\t最大的CPU时间，以秒为单位\n"
+" -u\t最大用户进程数\n"
+" -v\t虚拟内存尺寸\n"
+" -x\t最大的锁数量\n"
+" \n"
+" 如果提供了 LIMIT 变量，则它为指定资源的新的值；特别的 LIMIT 值为\n"
+" `soft'、`hard'和`unlimited'，分别表示当前的软限制，硬限制和无限制。\n"
+" 否则打印指定资源的当前限制值，不带选项则假定为 -f\n"
+" \n"
+" 取值都是1024字节为单位，除了 -t 以秒为单位，-p 以512字节为单位，\n"
+" -u 以无范围的进程数量。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者错误发生。"
#: builtins.c:1428
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
+"显示或设定文件模式掩码。\n"
+" \n"
+" 设定用户文件创建掩码为 MODE 模式。如果省略了 MODE，则\n"
+" 打印当前掩码的值。\n"
+" \n"
+" 如果MODE 模式以数字开头，则被当作八进制数解析；否则是一个\n"
+" chmod(1) 可接收的符号模式串。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -p\t如果省略 MDOE 模式，以可重用为输入的格式输入\n"
+" -S\t以符号形式输出，否则以八进制数格式输出\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的 MODE 模式或者选项。"
#: builtins.c:1448
msgid ""
" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is\n"
" given."
msgstr ""
+"等待任务完成并返回退出状态。\n"
+" \n"
+" 等待以 ID 编号识别的进程，其中ID 可以是进程编号或者任务声明，\n"
+" 并报告它的终止状态。如果 ID 没有给出，则等待所有的当前活跃子\n"
+" 进程，并且返回状态为零。如果 ID 是任务声明，等待任务管道中的\n"
+" 所有进程。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回 ID 进程的状态；如果使用了无效的 ID 或者选项则失败。"
#: builtins.c:1466
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
+"为列表中的每个成员执行命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" `for' 循环为列表中的每个成员执行一系列的命令。如果没有\n"
+" `in WORDS ...;'则假定使用 `in \"$@\"'。对于 WORDS 中的每\n"
+" 个元素，NAME 被设定为该元素，并且执行 COMMANDS 命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回最后执行的命令的状态。"
#: builtins.c:1495
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
+"算术 for 循环。\n"
+" \n"
+" 等价于\n"
+" \t(( EXP1 ))\n"
+" \twhile (( EXP2 )); do\n"
+" \t\tCOMMANDS\n"
+" \t\t(( EXP3 ))\n"
+" \tdone\n"
+" EXP1、EXP2 和 EXP3都是算术表达式。如果省略任何表达式，\n"
+" 则等同于使用了估值为1的表达式。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回最后执行的命令的状态。"
#: builtins.c:1513
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
+"从列表中选取词并且执行命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" WORDS 变量被展开，生成一个词的列表。展开的词集合被打印\n"
+" 在标准错误输出设备上，每个以一个数字做前缀。如果没有 `in WORDS'\n"
+" 则假定使用`in \"$@\"'。PS3提示符会被显示并且从标准输入读入一行\n"
+" 如果该行由被显示的词对应的数字组成，则 NAME 变量被设定为相应\n"
+" 的词。如果行为空，则 WORDS 变量和提示符被重新显示。如果读取了\n"
+" 文件结束符，则命令完成。读入任何其他的值会导致 NAME 变量被设定\n"
+" 为空。读入的行被存放在变量 REPLY 中。COMMANDS 命令在每次选择\n"
+" 之后执行直到执行一个 break 命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回最后一个执行的命令的状态。"
#: builtins.c:1534
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
+"根据条件执行命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" `if COMMANDS'列表被执行。如果退出状态为零，则执行`then COMMANDS' \n"
+" 列表。否则按顺序执行每个 `elif COMMANDS'列表，并且如果它的退出状态为\n"
+" 零，则执行对应的 `then COMMANDS' 列表并且 if 命令终止。否则如果存在的\n"
+" 情况下，执行 `else COMMANDS'列表。整个结构的退出状态是最后一个执行\n"
+" 的命令的状态，或者如果没有条件测试为真的话，为零。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回最后一个执行的命令的状态。"
#: builtins.c:1580
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
+"执行条件命令。\n"
+" \n"
+" 根据条件表达式 EXPRESSION 的估值返回状态0或1。表达式按照\n"
+" `test' 内嵌的相同条件组成，或者可以有下列操作符连接而成：\n"
+" \n"
+" ( EXPRESSION )\t返回 EXPRESSION 表达式的值\n"
+" ! EXPRESSION\t\t如果 EXPRESSION表达式为假则为真，否则为假\n"
+" EXPR1 && EXPR2\t如果 EXPR1 和 EXPR2 表达式均为真则为真，否则为假\n"
+" EXPR1 || EXPR2\t如果 EXPR1 和 EXPR2 表达式中有一个为真则为真，否则为假\n"
+" \n"
+" 当使用 `==' 和 `!=' 操作符时，操作符右边的字符串被用作模式并且执行一个\n"
+" 匹配。当使用 `=~' 操作符时，操作符右边的字符串被当作正则表达式来进行\n"
+" 匹配。\n"
+" \n"
+" 操作符 && 和 || 将不对 EXPR2 表达式进行估值，如果 EXPR1 表达式足够确定\n"
+" 整个表达式的值。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 根据 EXPRESSION 的值为0或1。"
#: builtins.c:1697
msgid ""
" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
+"常用 shell 变量名称和使用。\n"
+" \n"
+" BASH_VERSION\t当前 Bash 的版本信息。\n"
+" CDPATH\t用于 `cd' 命令参数搜索的分号分隔的目录列表\n"
+" GLOBIGNORE\t路径扩展时忽略的文件名匹配模式列表，\n"
+" \t\t以分号分隔。\n"
+" HISTFILE\t您的命令历史存放的文件名称。\n"
+" HISTFILESIZE\t历史文件最多可以保存的行数。\n"
+" HISTSIZE\t一个运行的 shell 最多可以访问的历史命令行数。\n"
+" HOME\t您的登录目录的完整路径。\n"
+" HOSTNAME\t当前主机的主机名。\n"
+" HOSTTYPE\t当前版本的 BASH 在其之上运行的 CPU 类型。\n"
+" IGNOREEOF\t控制 shell 收到文件结束符作为单一输入后的\n"
+" \t\t动作。如果设定这个变量，则它的值是 shell 退出之前在\n"
+" \t\t一个空行上可以连续看到的文件结束符数量（默认为10）。\n"
+" \t\t未设定时，文件结束符标志着输入的结束。\n"
+" MACHTYPE\t描述当前运行 Bash 的系统的字符串。\n"
+" MAILCHECK\tBash 检测新邮件的频率，以秒为单位。\n"
+" MAILPATH\tBash 从中检测新邮件的文件列表，以分号分隔。\n"
+" OSTYPE\t运行 Bash 的 Unix 版本。\n"
+" PATH\t当寻找命令时搜索的目录列表，以冒号分隔。\n"
+" PROMPT_COMMAND\t打印每一个主提示符之前执行的命\n"
+" \t\t令。\n"
+" PS1\t\t主提示符字符串。\n"
+" PS2\t\t从提示符字符串。\n"
+" PWD\t\t当前目录的完整路径。\n"
+" SHELLOPTS\t已启用的 shell 选项列表，以冒号分隔。\n"
+" TERM\t当前终端类型的名称。\n"
+" TIMEFORMAT\t以关键则 `time' 显示的时间统计信息的输出\n"
+" \t\t格式。\n"
+" auto_resume\t非空时，一个单独的命令词会首先被在当前\n"
+" \t\t停止的任务列表中搜索。如果找到则该任务被置于前台。\n"
+" \t\t如果值为 `exact' 则意味着命令词必须精确匹配停止任务\n"
+" \t\t列表中的命令。如果值为 `substring' 则意味着命令词必\n"
+" \t\t须匹配任务的一个子字符串。任何其他的值意味着命令词\n"
+" \t\t必须是停止任务的一个前缀。\n"
+" histchars\t控制历史展开和快速替换的字符。第一个字符是\n"
+" \t\t历史替换字符，通常是 `!'。第二个字符是快速替换字符，\n"
+" \t\t通常是 `^'。第三个是历史注释字符，通常是 `#'。\n"
+" HISTIGNORE\t用于决定哪些命令被存入历史文件的模式\n"
+" \t\t列表，以冒号分隔。\n"
#: builtins.c:1754
msgid ""
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
+"将目录添加到栈中。\n"
+" \n"
+" 将目录添加到目录栈顶，或着旋转栈直到当前工作目录成为\n"
+" 新的栈顶。不带参数时，交换栈顶的两个目录。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -n\t抑制添加目录至栈时通常的改变目录操作，从而仅对栈\n"
+" \t进行操作。\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" +N\t旋转栈从而第 N 个目录（`dirs' 显示的列表中左起，从零开始）\n"
+" \t将移动到栈顶。\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\t旋转栈从而第 N 个目录（`dirs' 显示的列表中右起，从零开始）\n"
+" \t将移动到栈顶。\n"
+" \n"
+" dir\t将 DIR 目录添加到栈顶，并且使其成为当前工作目录。\n"
+" \n"
+" `dirs' 内嵌显示目录栈。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的参数或者目录转换失败。"
#: builtins.c:1788
msgid ""
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
+"从栈中删除目录。\n"
+" \n"
+" 从目录栈中删除条目。不带参数时，删除栈顶目录，并改变至新的栈\n"
+" 顶目录。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -n\t抑制从栈中删除目录时通常的目录变换操作，从而仅对栈\n"
+" \t进行操作。\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" +N\t删除第 N 个目录（`dirs' 显示的目录列表中左起，从零开始）。\n"
+" \t例如： `popd +0' 删除第一个目录，popd +1' 删除第二个。\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\t删除第 N 个目录（`dirs' 显示的目录列表中右起，从零开始）。\n"
+" \t例如： `popd -0'删除最后一个目录，，`popd -1' 删除倒数第二个。\n"
+" \n"
+" `dirs' 内嵌显示目录栈。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的参数或者目录变换失败。"
#: builtins.c:1818
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"显示目录栈。\n"
+" \n"
+" 显示当前记住的目录列表。通过 `pushd' 命令可以将目录存入列表\n"
+" 中；`popd' 命令可用于遍历列表。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -c\t删除所有元素以清空目录栈\n"
+" -l\t不打印与主目录相关的波浪号前缀的目录\n"
+" -p\t每行一个条目打印目录栈\n"
+" -v\t每行一个条目，以栈中位置为前缀打印目录栈\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" +N\t显示 dirs 不带选项启动时显示的目录列表左起中第\n"
+" \tN 个目录，从零开始。\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\t显示 dirs 不带选项启动时显示的目录列表右起中第\n"
+" \tN 个目录，从零开始。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者发生错误。"
#: builtins.c:1847
msgid ""
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment\n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"在 FORMAT 变量的控制下格式化并打印 ARGUMENTS 参数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -v var\t将输出赋值给 shell 变量 VAR 而不显示在标准输出上\n"
+" \n"
+" FORMAT 变量是包含三种对象的字符串：简单地被拷贝到标准输出的普通字符；\n"
+" 被变换之后拷贝到标准输入的转义字符；以及每个都会影响到下个参数的打印的 格式化声明。\n"
+" \n"
+" 在 printf(1)、printf(3) 中描述的标准控制声明之外，printf解析：\n"
+"、 \n"
+" %b\t扩展对应参数中的反斜杠转义序列\n"
+" %q\t以可作为 shell 输入的格式引用参数\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者写或赋值错误发生。"
#: builtins.c:1895
msgid ""
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"声明 readline 如何完成读取参数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 声明对于每一个 NAME 名称如何完成读取参数。如果不带选项，\n"
+" 现有的补完声明会以可以重用为输入的格式打印出来。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -p\t以可重用的格式打印现有的补完声明。\n"
+" -r\tr对于每个 NAME 名称删除补完声明，或者如果没有提供 NAME\n"
+" \t名称，删除所有的补完声明。\n"
+" -D\t对于没有补完声明定义的命令，设定默认的补完动作\n"
+" -E\t对于 \"empty\" 命令设定补完动作，—— 对于空行的补完。\n"
+" \n"
+" 尝试补完时，按照上述大写字母选项的顺序进行动作。-D 选项优先\n"
+" 级高于 -E 选项。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者错误发生。"
#: builtins.c:1923
msgid ""
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
+"修改或显示补完选项。\n"
+" \n"
+" 修改每个 NAME 名称的补完选项，或者如果没有提供 NAME 名称，\n"
+" 执行当前的补完。如果不带选项，打印每个 NAME 名称的补完选项或\n"
+" 当前的补完声明。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" \t-o option\t为每个 NAME 名称设定补完选项 option\n"
+" \t-D\t\t为 \"default\" 命令补完改变选项\n"
+" \t-E\t\t为 \"empty\" 命令补完改变选项\n"
+" \n"
+" 使用 `+o' 而不是 `-o' 可以关闭指定的选项。\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" \n"
+" 每个 NAME 名称都对应一个之前以通过 `complete' 内嵌定义了补完声明的\n"
+" 命令。如果不提供 NAME 名称，当前生成补完的函数必须调用 compopt，\n"
+" 并且当前执行的补完生成器选项会被修改。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项或者 NAME 名称没有定义补完声明。"
#: builtins.c:1968
msgid ""
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n"
" not an indexed array."
msgstr ""
+"从标准输入读取行到下表数组变量中。\n"
+" \n"
+" 从标准输入读取行到下表数组变量 ARRAY 中，或者如果使用了 -u 选项，\n"
+" 从文件描述符 FD 中读取。MAPFILE 变量是默认的 ARRAY 变量。\n"
+" \n"
+" 选项：\n"
+" -n count\t最多拷贝 COUNT 行，如果 COUNT 为0，则拷贝所有行。\n"
+" -O origin\t从下表 ORIGIN 开始 赋值给 ARRAY 变量。默认下表是0.\n"
+" -s count \t丢弃最先读取的 COUNT 行。\n"
+" -t\t\t从读取的每行末尾删除一个换行符。\n"
+" -u fd\t\t从文件描述符 FD 中读取行而不是标准输入。\n"
+" -C callback\t每次 QUANTUM 行读取之后对 CALLBACK 回调进行估值。\n"
+" -c quantum\t定义每次调用 CALLBACK 回调之间读取的行数。\n"
+" \n"
+" 参数：\n"
+" ARRAY\t\t存储数据使用的数组变量\n"
+" \n"
+" 如果使用了-C而没有-c，默认的量子是5000。当对 CALLBACK 估值时，\n"
+" 下一个将被赋值的数组元素的下标作为额外参数被传递。\n"
+" \n"
+" 如果没有显式指定起始下标，mapfile将在赋值前清空 ARRAY 变量。\n"
+" \n"
+" 退出状态：\n"
+" 返回成功，除非使用了无效的选项，或者 ARRAY 变量是只读或者不是下标数组。"
#: builtins.c:2001
msgid ""
--- /dev/null
+after 1: foo = a b c
+after 2: tot = 6
+after: 7
+last = c
+1 -- 142 1
+0 -- 0 1 0
+1 -- 0 0 1
+1 -- 0 0 1
+1 -- 0 1 0
+lastpipe1.sub returns 14
--- /dev/null
+shopt -s lastpipe
+
+unset foo bar
+echo a b c | read foo
+echo after 1: foo = $foo
+
+unset tot
+declare -i tot
+printf "%d\n" 1 2 3 | while read foo; do tot+=$foo; done
+echo after 2: tot = $tot
+
+unset bar
+echo g h i | bar=7
+echo after: $bar
+
+unset foo last
+printf "%s\n" a b c | while read foo; do last=$foo; done
+echo last = $last
+
+exit 142 | false
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+true | false | /usr/bin/true
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+true | /usr/bin/true | false
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+set -o pipefail
+true | /usr/bin/true | false
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+true | /usr/bin/false | true
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+set +o pipefail
+
+${THIS_SH} ./lastpipe1.sub
+echo lastpipe1.sub returns $?
--- /dev/null
+shopt -s lastpipe
+
+unset foo bar
+echo a b c | read foo
+echo after 1: foo = $foo
+
+unset tot
+declare -i tot
+printf "%d\n" 1 2 3 | while read foo; do tot+=$foo; done
+echo after 2: tot = $tot
+
+unset bar
+echo g h i | bar=7
+echo after: $bar
+
+unset foo last
+printf "%s\n" a b c | while read foo; do last=$foo; done
+echo last = $last
+
+exit 142 | false
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+true | false | /usr/bin/true
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+true | /usr/bin/true | false
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+set -o pipefail
+true | /usr/bin/true | false
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+
+true | /usr/bin/false | true
+echo $? -- ${PIPESTATUS[@]}
+set +o pipefail
+
+${THIS_SH} ./lastpipe1.sub
--- /dev/null
+# with lastpipe set, exit at the end of a pipeline exits
+# the calling shell
+shopt -s lastpipe
+exit 142 | exit 14
+echo after: $?
--- /dev/null
+# with lastpipe set, exit at the end of a pipeline exits
+# the calling shell
+exit 142 | exit 14
+echo after: $?
--- /dev/null
+${THIS_SH} ./lastpipe.tests > /tmp/xx 2>&1
+diff /tmp/xx lastpipe.right && rm -f /tmp/xx
--- /dev/null
+echo "warning: UNIX versions number signals and schedule processes differently." >&2
+echo "warning: If output differing only in line numbers is produced, please" >&2
+echo "warning: do not consider this a test failure." >&2
+
+${THIS_SH} ./trap.tests > /tmp/xx 2>&1
+diff /tmp/xx trap.right && rm -f /tmp/xx
shopt -s hostcomplete
shopt -u huponexit
shopt -s interactive_comments
+shopt -u lastpipe
shopt -u lithist
shopt -u login_shell
shopt -u mailwarn
shopt -u histreedit
shopt -u histverify
shopt -u huponexit
+shopt -u lastpipe
shopt -u lithist
shopt -u login_shell
shopt -u mailwarn
histreedit off
histverify off
huponexit off
+lastpipe off
lithist off
login_shell off
mailwarn off
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
