lib/sh/zwrite.c Chet Ramey
tests/posix-ifs.sh Glenn Fowler
+
+support/checkbashisms Julian Gilbey, Debian Linux team
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including
+ comment parsing and quoted string handling.
+
+b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression
+ matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered
+ file descriptors it used internally.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as
+ the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global
+ replacement specifier.
+
+e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions
+ that caused hangs and crashes.
+
+f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused
+ it to refer to incorrect jobs.
+
+g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that
+ caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non-
+ regular files such as devices or named pipes.
+
+j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred
+ on some systems.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if
+ $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary
+ files under some circumstances.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not
+ be cleaned up.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared
+ in the initial shell environment.
+
+o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted)
+ when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes
+ apply to arrays subscripted with * or @.
+
+p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the
+ positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @.
+
+q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should
+ result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from
+ a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be
+ doubled when escaped with a backslash.
+
+u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read
+ (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin
+ reads a line continued with a backslash.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained
+ characters used for internal quoting.
+
+x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being
+ completely displayed on some systems.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on
+ the shell's output file descriptor.
+
+z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors.
+
+aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the
+ pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion
+ errors.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and
+ waiting for 4096 jobs.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under
+ certain circumstances.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment
+ when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10
+ when they were used in redirections.
+
+ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard
+ input when called as `bash -i script'.
+
+gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option
+ was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option
+ was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function
+ to an external form.
+
+jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty
+ as its controlling terminal before enabling job control.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret
+ arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character.
+
+ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where
+ a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement word expansion that occurred when
+ the pattern and replacement strings were empty.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all
+ further evaluation.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes
+ in the pathname as quoting characters.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause
+ memory to be overwritten.
+
+qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for
+ the `-c' and `-f' options.
+
+rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.
+
+ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting
+ escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.
+
+tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte
+ output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections
+ attached to a compound command failed.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be
+ re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite
+ memory.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent
+ while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and
+ make sure the exit status is correct when it does.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned
+ by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the
+ wrong process group.
+
+zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be
+ subject to pathname expansion and word splitting.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an
+ error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a
+ command substitution or `eval' command.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes
+ instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when
+ processing the -n and -d options.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the
+ first character of $IFS was not whitespace.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a
+ ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion.
+
+eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command
+ substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the
+ history list under certain circumstances.
+
+ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for
+ a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found
+ in $PATH.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word
+ found via command completion when the shell was performing case-
+ insensitive completion.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to
+ source/. even when it contained a `/'.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the
+ locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ.
+
+kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when
+ run in a startup file or from a sourced file.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments
+ to persist in the shell environment.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode
+ when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current
+ command line.
+
+ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not
+ be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a
+ file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the
+ command was supposed to be ignored.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with
+ invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a
+ backslash.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even
+ when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself
+ to execute a shell script.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or
+ `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been
+ saved to the history.
+
+uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing
+ the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter.
+
+vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to
+ not persist.
+
+www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin
+ as Posix specifies.
+
+xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to
+ short-circuit any executing compound command.
+
+yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was
+ used to short-circuit a loop's execution.
+
+zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of
+ "${array[*]}".
+
+aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by
+ EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic
+ expression.
+
+bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to
+ incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters.
+
+cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting
+ the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process
+ group was changed by a child of a child of the shell.
+
+dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a
+ compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which
+ prevented them from being re-read as input.
+
+eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale.
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to
+ the history list.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte
+ characters.
+
+b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately
+ set the mark.
+
+c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement
+ beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode).
+
+d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken
+ away and reads return -1/EIO.
+
+e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing
+ invisible characters.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to
+ the default after an application-specified completion function changed it.
+
+g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor in emacs
+ mode when at the end of a line in a locale supporting multibyte characters.
+
+h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th
+ character of buffered input.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up.
+
+j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters
+ or no characters following the final newline.
+
+k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible
+ characters.
+
+l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in
+ succession which caused characters to be dropped.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures
+ if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialzation.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly
+ and therefore unrepeatable.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used
+ with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal.
+
+p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures
+ during redisplay.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+ index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
+ rather than horizontally.
+
+c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+ the current shell.
+
+d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+ to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+ simple command.
+
+e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+ report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+ a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+ the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
+ will try again several times before reporting failure.
+
+i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+ readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+ Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+ in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
+ results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+ string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
+ it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+ new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
+ restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+ of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+ of threads) options.
+
+n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
+ (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
+
+o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+ completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+ being executed.
+
+p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+ buffer when using readline.
+
+q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+ behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+ globbing characters.
+
+s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
+ follow man page format.
+
+t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+ and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+ given file.
+
+v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+ named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+ function arguments.
+
+w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
+ treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+ them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
+ completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+ completion.
+
+y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+ values.
+
+z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+ will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+ same number of digits.
+
+aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+ It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+ variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+ and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
+ and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+ respectively.
+
+cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+ and standard error to the named file.
+
+dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+ the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+ continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+ statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+ test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+ action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
+ integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
+ retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+ the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+ lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
+ array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
+ that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
+ configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+ support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+ assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+ There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+ assignment.
+
+kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+ asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+ Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
+ PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+ with coproc-specific names.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
+ match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
+ applications do this).
+
+b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
+ the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
+
+c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
+ available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
+ (like redisplay).
+
+d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
+ available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
+ flag values.
+
+e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
+ number of entries in the history list.
+
+f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
+ over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
+ browsing' mode.
+
+g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
+ variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
+ generators.
+
+h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when
+ displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the
+ `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix
+ longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
+
+i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will
+ undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
+ executed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
--- /dev/null
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including
+ comment parsing and quoted string handling.
+
+b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression
+ matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered
+ file descriptors it used internally.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as
+ the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global
+ replacement specifier.
+
+e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions
+ that caused hangs and crashes.
+
+f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused
+ it to refer to incorrect jobs.
+
+g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that
+ caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non-
+ regular files such as devices or named pipes.
+
+j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred
+ on some systems.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if
+ $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary
+ files under some circumstances.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not
+ be cleaned up.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared
+ in the initial shell environment.
+
+o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted)
+ when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes
+ apply to arrays subscripted with * or @.
+
+p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the
+ positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @.
+
+q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should
+ result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from a
+ builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be
+ doubled when escaped with a backslash.
+
+u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read (and
+ stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin
+ reads a line continued with a backslash.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained
+ characters used for internal quoting.
+
+x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being
+ completely displayed on some systems.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on
+ the shell's output file descriptor.
+
+z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors.
+
+aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the
+ pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion
+ errors.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and
+ waiting for 4096 jobs.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under
+ certain circumstances.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment
+ when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10
+ when they were used in redirections.
+
+ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard
+ input when called as `bash -i script'.
+
+gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option
+ was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option
+ was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function
+ to an external form.
+
+jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty
+ as its controlling terminal before enabling job control.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret
+ arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character.
+
+ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where
+ a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement word expansion that occurred when
+ the pattern and replacement strings were empty.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all
+ further evaluation.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes
+ in the pathname as quoting characters.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause
+ memory to be overwritten.
+
+qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for
+ the `-c' and `-f' options.
+
+rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.
+
+ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting
+ escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.
+
+tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte
+ output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections
+ attached to a compound command failed.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be
+ re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite
+ memory.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent
+ while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and
+ make sure the exit status is correct when it does.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned
+ by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the
+ wrong process group.
+
+zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be
+ subject to pathname expansion and word splitting.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an
+ error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a
+ command substitution or `eval' command.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes
+ instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when
+ processing the -n and -d options.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the
+ first character of $IFS was not whitespace.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a
+ ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion.
+
+eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command
+ substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the
+ history list under certain circumstances.
+
+ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for
+ a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found
+ in $PATH.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word
+ found via command completion when the shell was performing case-
+ insensitive completion.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to
+ source/. even when it contained a `/'.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the
+ locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ.
+
+kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when
+ run in a startup file or from a sourced file.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments
+ to persist in the shell environment.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode
+ when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current
+ command line.
+
+ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not
+ be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a
+ file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the
+ command was supposed to be ignored.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with
+ invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a
+ backslash.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even
+ when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself
+ to execute a shell script.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or
+ `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been
+ saved to the history.
+
+uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing
+ the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter.
+
+vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to
+ not persist.
+
+www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin
+ as Posix specifies.
+
+xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to
+ short-circuit any executing compound command.
+
+yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was
+ used to short-circuit a loop's execution.
+
+zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of
+ "${array[*]}".
+
+aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by
+ EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic
+ expression.
+
+bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to
+ incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters.
+
+cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting
+ the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process
+ group was changed by a child of a child of the shell.
+
+dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a
+ compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which
+ prevented them from being re-read as input.
+
+eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale.
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to
+ the history list.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte
+ characters.
+
+b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately
+ set the mark.
+
+c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement
+ beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode).
+
+d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken
+ away and reads return -1/EIO.
+
+e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing
+ invisible characters.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to
+ the default after an application-specified completion function changed it.
+
+g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor in emacs
+ mode when at the end of a line in a locale supporting multibyte characters.
+
+h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th
+ character of buffered input.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up.
+
+j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters
+ or no characters following the final newline.
+
+k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible
+ characters.
+
+l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in
+ succession which caused characters to be dropped.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures
+ if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialzation.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly
+ and therefore unrepeatable.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used
+ with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal.
+
+p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures
+ during redisplay.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+ index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
+ rather than horizontally.
+
+c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+ the current shell.
+
+d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+ to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+ simple command.
+
+e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+ report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+ a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+ the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
+ will try again several times before reporting failure.
+
+i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+ readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+ Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+ in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
+ results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+ string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
+ it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+ new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
+ restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+ of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+ of threads) options.
+
+n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
+ (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
+
+o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+ completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+ being executed.
+
+p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+ buffer when using readline.
+
+q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+ behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+ globbing characters.
+
+s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
+ follow man page format.
+
+t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+ and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+ given file.
+
+v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+ named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+ function arguments.
+
+w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
+ treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+ them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
+ completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+ completion.
+
+y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+ values.
+
+z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+ will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+ same number of digits.
+
+aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+ It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+ variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+ and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
+ and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+ respectively.
+
+cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+ and standard error to the named file.
+
+dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+ the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+ continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+ statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+ test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+ action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
+ integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
+ retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+ the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+ lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
+ array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
+ that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
+ configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+ support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+ assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+ There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+ assignment.
+
+kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+ asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+ Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
+ PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+ with coproc-specific names.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
+ match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
+ applications do this).
+
+b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
+ the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
+
+c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
+ available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
+ (like redisplay).
+
+d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
+ available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
+ flag values.
+
+e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
+ number of entries in the history list.
+
+f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
+ over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
+ browsing' mode.
+
+g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
+ variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
+ generators.
+
+h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when
+ displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the
+ `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix
+ longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
+
+i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will
+ undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
+ executed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
+and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to
+ affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances.
+
+b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to
+ ignore empty string arguments.
+
+c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the
+ input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the
+ prompt was one character longer than the screen width.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,
+and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as
+ white space.
+
+b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and
+ process substitution.
+
+c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment
+ variables.
+
+d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin.
+
+e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in
+ a multi-byte locale.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return
+ incorrect results.
+
+g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the
+ result of a trap, as the documentation states.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing
+ the prompt and input line multiple times.
+
+b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection.
+
+c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as
+ it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline().
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
+
+b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
+
+c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
+ status.
+
+d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
+
+e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
+ character support)
+
+f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
+ of the same name from a previous context.
+
+g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
+ if a timeout occurs.
+
+h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
+ history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
+ override the default value.
+
+i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
+ messages when presented with invalid operators.
+
+j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
+ invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
+
+k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
+ allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
+
+l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
+ their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
+ to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
+
+m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
+ for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
+ SIGINT.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
+ recognized as login shells.
+
+o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
+ to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
+
+p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
+
+q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
+ calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
+ but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
+
+r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
+ valid matched brace expansion construct.
+
+s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
+ operands to be valid shell identifiers.
+
+t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
+ file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
+
+u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
+ consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
+
+v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
+ empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
+ when not in posix mode.
+
+w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
+ match periods with certain patterns.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
+ generation in directories with thousands of files.
+
+y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive
+ parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
+
+z. The inheritence of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
+ on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
+ than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
+
+aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
+ members of the DIRSTACK array.
+
+bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
+ constructs.
+
+cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
+ while searching $PATH.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
+ replacement.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
+ shell comments into account.
+
+ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
+ arithmetic substitution.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
+ \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
+ (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
+ was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
+ when closed explicitly by a script.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
+ inside double-quoted command substitutions.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
+ last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
+ the jobs list.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
+ callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
+
+b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
+ do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
+ and multibyte character redisplay.
+
+c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
+ sequence \M-\C-x.
+
+d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
+ undone and redone properly.
+
+e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
+ properly.
+
+f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
+ of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
+
+g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
+ convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
+
+h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
+ dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means
+ that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
+ since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
+ even if no other changes are made.
+
+i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
+ when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
+ multiple times in a multibyte locale.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
+ wrong function.
+
+l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
+ using multi-character keyboard macros.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
+ re-executed under certain conditions.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
+ to display a portion of the prompt.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
+ pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
+ combination doesn't make any sense.
+
+b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
+ process substitution.
+
+c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
+
+d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
+
+e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
+ checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
+
+f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
+ string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
+ poll-like behavior.
+
+b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
+ the default last-ditch startup file.
+
+c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
+ terminators.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
+
+1. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
+ prompts containing invisible characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
+ eventually attached to a background job.
+
+b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
+ name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
+ directories with leading `-'.
+
+d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
+ with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
+ wrong keymap in vi mode.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
+ override the true terminal size.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
+ and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
+ what the kernel returns.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
+ pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
+ to be passed to opendir().
+
+c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
+
+d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
+ 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
+
+e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
+ explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
+ the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
+ backslash-escaped pattern characters.
+
+g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
+ a SIGWINCH.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
+ error when processing here documents.
+
+i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
+
+j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
+ OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
+ the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
+ run as the shell's exit status.
+
+2. New Features in Bash
+
+3. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
+ not work correctly.
+
+b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
+ was entered, as Posix specifies.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
+ place.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
+ a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
+
+b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
+ strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
+ before checking them.
+
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Added some system-specific signal names.
+
+b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
+ maniuplate the limit on file locks.
+
+c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
+ when not using subscript syntax.
+
+d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
+ macros.
+
+e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
+ made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
+
+f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
+ made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
+
+g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
+ DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems
+ with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
+
+h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
+ expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
+ from being executed when in a subshell.
+
+j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
+ searching $PATH for a file to source.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
+ was declared local, then unset.
+
+l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
+ to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
+
+m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
+ directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
+
+n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
+ input and reading data from the same file.
+
+o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
+ pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
+
+p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
+
+q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
+ editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
+ simply ignoring it.
+
+r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
+ on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
+
+s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
+ incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
+ parameter expansion.
+
+u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
+ on some systems.
+
+w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
+ not cpp defines.
+
+x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
+ now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
+
+y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
+ history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
+ the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
+ the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
+ was intended to solve.
+
+z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
+ because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
+
+aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
+ saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
+ characters.
+
+b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
+ DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
+
+c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
+ SIGWINCH.
+
+d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
+ undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
+ buffer.
+
+e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
+ when assigning to boolean variables.
+
+f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
+ characters.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
+ build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
+ asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
+
+b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
+ attempting globbing word completion.
+
+c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
+ signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
+
+d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
+ containing multibyte characters.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
+ disposition to child processes.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
+
+g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
+
+h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
+ found -- it should be silent.
+
+j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
+ files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
+ extended pattern matching.
+
+l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
+
+m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
+ non-zero.
+
+n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
+ incorrectly.
+
+o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
+ processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
+
+p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
+ 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
+ Cygwin
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
+ command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
+
+r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
+ name.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
+ table.
+
+t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
+ expanding long lists.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
+ wrong values.
+
+v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
+
+x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
+ unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
+ arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
+
+y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
+ incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
+ `in' on another.
+
+z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
+ incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
+
+aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
+ characters.
+
+bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
+ drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
+
+cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
+ directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
+ circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
+ and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
+
+dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
+ separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
+ inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
+
+ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
+ so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
+ longer double-expanded.
+
+ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
+ containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
+ process group.
+
+gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
+ return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
+
+hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
+ `time' is NULL.
+
+ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
+ greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
+ preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
+ POSIX mode.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
+ construct.
+
+mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
+ remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
+ during a function's execution.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
+ a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
+ function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
+
+pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
+ scalar variable.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
+ under certain circumstances.
+
+rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
+ exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
+ executed).
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
+ a shell function as a result of word completion.
+
+tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
+ values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
+ subshell environment.
+
+vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
+ pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
+ but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
+
+ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
+
+ ((echo 5) \
+ (echo 6))
+
+ to not work correctly.
+
+xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
+ when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
+
+yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
+ links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
+
+zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
+ tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
+ SUSv3/XPG6 require.
+
+aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
+ exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
+ rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
+ variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
+ pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
+ value was being inverted.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
+ PWD was unset.
+
+eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
+ purposes of `read -n'.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
+ process to be forked at the right time.
+
+ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
+ have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
+ reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
+ to leave them set when `unset' completed.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
+ shell didn't exit.
+
+kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
+ for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
+ close the wrong file descriptors.
+
+mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
+ processes unless job control is active.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
+ from adding all the commands to the history list.
+
+ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
+ all its contexts (still not perfect).
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
+ terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
+ interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
+ combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
+
+rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
+ up properly when a `return' is executed.
+
+sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
+ to directory names in the command.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
+ incorrectly.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
+ line correctly.
+
+c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
+ line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
+
+d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
+ than the last line in the history list.
+
+e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
+ end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
+
+f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
+ end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
+
+g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
+ prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
+
+h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
+ string when it contains multibyte characters.
+
+i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
+ no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
+
+j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
+ multibyte characters.
+
+k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
+ history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
+
+l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
+ of the `convert-meta' variable.
+
+n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
+ and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
+ characters correctly.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
+ by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
+
+p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
+ dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
+
+q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
+ requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
+ arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
+ vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
+ additional input.
+
+r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
+
+s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
+ callback mode.
+
+t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
+ character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
+ tracks the current locale.
+
+b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
+ as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
+
+c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
+ try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
+
+d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
+
+e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
+ expansion.
+
+f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
+
+g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
+ -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
+
+h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
+ specifier.
+
+i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
+ now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
+ that accept assignment statements.
+
+j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
+
+k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
+ in an emacs terminal window.
+
+l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
+ to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
+
+m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
+ to be emptied when the variable is unset.
+
+n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
+ parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
+ splitting.
+
+o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
+
+p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
+ case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
+
+q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
+ to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
+
+r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
+
+s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
+ creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
+ shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
+ bound to delete-char.
+
+b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
+ completion list.
+
+c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
+ readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
+ equivalents when it's called (on by default).
+
+d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
+ reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
+ to this in vi command mode.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
+ completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
+ functions.
+
+b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
+ preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
+
+c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
+ expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
+ the file system.
+
+d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
+ reading the startup files.
+
+e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
+ before beginning a non-interactive search.
+
+b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
+
+c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
+ arguments.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
+ an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
+
+b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
+ expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
+ when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
+
+e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
+ expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
+ operators were separated by whitespace.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
+ counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
+ emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
+
+g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
+ pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
+ some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
+
+i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
+
+j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
+
+k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
+ body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
+
+l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
+ access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
+ secure temporary file creation.
+
+m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
+ longer than PATH_MAX characters.
+
+n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
+ with identical names.
+
+o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
+ when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
+ bytes.
+
+p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
+ is specified.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
+ with a mask of all 0s.
+
+r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
+ appears to specify.
+
+s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
+ connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires
+ this.
+
+t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
+ right kind of filename generation).
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
+ moving between history lines while doing searches.
+
+b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
+ containing multibyte characters.
+
+c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
+ to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
+ incorrectly.
+
+e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
+ to not be remembered across different command lines.
+
+f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
+ the line.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
+ even if job control is not enabled.
+
+b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
+ to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
+ now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
+ `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
+
+b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
+ substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
+ calling shell.
+
+c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
+ attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
+ problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
+ the parent.
+
+d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
+ compliance.
+
+e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
+
+f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
+ arrays.
+
+g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
+ the exit trap to be run.
+
+h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
+ closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
+
+i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
+ files are honored.
+
+j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
+ the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
+ status of the shell.
+
+k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
+ compound array assignment statement.
+
+l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
+ words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
+ expansions.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
+ shell think it was still running the trap.
+
+n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
+
+o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
+ rather than being a syntax error.
+
+p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
+ pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
+ command name was being completed.
+
+r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
+ with multibyte characters better (and faster).
+
+s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
+ multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
+ at shell startup.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
+ not work correctly.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
+ `read -a'.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
+ hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
+ character of $IFS was not a space.
+
+x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
+ `>&word' redirection.
+
+y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
+ if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
+ one, as the documention states.
+
+b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
+ multibyte characters.
+
+c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
+ last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
+ next-to-last character.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
+ case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
+ contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
+
+f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
+ invisible characters.
+
+g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
+ when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
+
+h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
+
+i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
+ used as history word delimiters.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
+
+b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
+
+c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
+ messages can be translated into different languages.
+
+d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
+
+e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
+ as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
+ the error as coming from bash.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
+ quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
+ function.
+
+b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
+ application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
+ attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
+
+c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
+ value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
+ Set before readline calls any application completion function.
+
+d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
+ needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
+ the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
+
+e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
+ unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
+ defined.
+
+b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
+ being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
+ read and buffered script to be discarded.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
+ descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
+ circumstances.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
+ a null wide character when doing string operations.
+
+f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
+ input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
+
+g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
+
+h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
+ commands.
+
+i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
+ when the expanded string is null.
+
+j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
+ variable assignments while expanding the expression.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
+ IFS is set, but null.
+
+l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
+ open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
+ not be recognized as a restricted shell.
+
+n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
+ to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
+
+o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
+ single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
+ `history -n'.
+
+p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
+ core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
+
+q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
+ EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
+
+r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
+ core dumps.
+
+s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
+ operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
+ entered and parsed.
+
+t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
+ $IFS is used to split.
+
+u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
+ variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
+
+v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
+ word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
+
+w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
+ and `set -x' is enabled.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
+
+y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
+ reporting the existence of new mail.
+
+z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
+ within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
+ `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
+ $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
+ spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
+ to use a command containing a slash.
+
+cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
+ when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
+
+dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
+ a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
+
+ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
+ because an aliase's value ends with a space.
+
+ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
+ even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
+
+gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
+ before resending SIGINT to itself.
+
+hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
+ thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
+
+ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
+ functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
+ the results.
+
+jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
+ expansions ends with a space.
+
+kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
+ dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
+ list of variables.
+
+ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
+ string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
+ quoted null character removal.
+
+nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
+ line number (aids the bash debugger).
+
+oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
+ commands, for commands, and select commands.
+
+pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
+ rather than alloca().
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
+ appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
+ a `*' when extglob is enabled.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
+ invoked in a function to misbehave.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
+ by the internal shell string quoting functions.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
+ to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
+ in the current shell.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
+ expanding a multiline alias.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
+ changed the compspec.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
+ notifications of completed jobs.
+
+zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
+ (which is what emacs shell windows do).
+
+aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
+ a leading `SIG'.
+
+bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
+ builtin commands.
+
+ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
+ so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
+
+ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
+ first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
+ to its original disposition if it is.
+
+eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
+ pattern substitution and removal expansions.
+
+fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
+ $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
+
+ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
+
+hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
+ NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
+ is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
+ (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
+
+iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
+ changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
+
+jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
+ executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
+ current directory.
+
+kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
+ owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
+
+lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
+ <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
+
+mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
+ if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
+
+nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
+ invoked as `-c command'.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
+ multibyte character code.
+
+b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
+
+d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
+ when more is available.
+
+e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
+ characters.
+
+f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
+ every other match.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
+ output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
+ characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
+ slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
+
+h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
+ to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
+
+i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
+ precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
+ variables.
+
+j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
+ part of bash.
+
+k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
+
+l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
+
+m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
+ keyboard input.
+
+n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
+
+o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
+ special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
+ are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function
+ to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
+
+p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
+ changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
+
+q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
+ supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
+ new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
+
+r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
+
+s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
+ SA_RESTART.
+
+t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
+ multibyte characters.
+
+u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
+
+v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
+ quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
+
+w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
+ history list.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
+
+b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
+
+c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
+ idea of word break characters.
+
+d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
+ will actually be performed.
+
+e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
+ more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
+
+f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
+ matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
+
+g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
+ character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
+
+h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
+ BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
+ BASH_COMMAND
+
+i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
+ variable.
+
+j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
+ for the debugger.
+
+k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
+ returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
+ if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
+
+l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
+ `extdebug' shell option.
+
+m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
+ traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
+ `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
+ whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
+
+n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
+ list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
+ query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
+ command.
+
+o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
+ support code.
+
+p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
+ if the `extdebug' option is set.
+
+q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
+ the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
+ function or sourced script forces a `return'.
+
+r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
+
+s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
+ executed, for the debugger.
+
+t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
+ enabled.
+
+u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
+ x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
+ may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
+
+v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
+ of array.
+
+w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
+ FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
+ if they're the only possibilities.
+
+x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
+ style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
+
+y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
+ whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
+ result in a match.
+
+z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
+ name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
+ possible completions.
+
+aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
+ job control.
+
+bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
+ strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
+ timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
+ history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
+ timestamp information when the history file is written.
+
+cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
+ extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
+
+dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
+ to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
+
+ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
+ BASH_REMATCH array variable.
+
+ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
+ expansion fails to produce a match.
+
+gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
+ status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
+ one.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
+ for compatibility with the BSD csh.
+
+b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
+ modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
+
+c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
+ replacing the current line with the history line.
+
+d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
+ `.'.
+
+e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
+ completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
+ than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
+
+f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
+
+g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
+ functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
+ with each entry.
+
+h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
+
+ rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
+ rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
+ rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
+ rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
+ specifications.
+
+b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
+ $EMACS == `t'.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
+
+b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
+ to not take effect.
+
+d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
+ behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
+ command approached 64.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
+ for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
+ characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
+ evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
+
+b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
+ that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
+
+c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
+
+d. malloc updated again:
+ o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
+ chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
+ sure they match in free/realloc
+ o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
+ completely wasted
+ o block coalescing now enabled by default
+ o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
+ common size requested
+ o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
+ aborts
+ o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
+ being computed at run time
+ o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
+ being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
+ make it worthwhile
+ o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
+ libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
+
+e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
+ on its presence.
+
+f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
+ sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
+ save and restore the parsing state.
+
+g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
+ floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
+ that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
+ MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
+
+h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
+ unset a previously-unset variable or function.
+
+i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
+ for different systems.
+
+j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
+ completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
+ containing commas.
+
+k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
+ to strlen().
+
+l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
+ already have a value.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
+ trap handlers.
+
+n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
+ returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
+ execution.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
+ EOF.
+
+2. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
+ installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
+ on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
+
+b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
+ `echo'.
+
+c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
+ the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
+ POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
+
+3. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
+
+b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
+
+c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
+ line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
+ was longer than the screen width.
+
+d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that ocurred on systems with
+ support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
+ multibyte characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
+
+b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
+ passing errors when using pointers to functions.
+
+c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
+ constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
+ canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously,
+ the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
+ values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
+ actual working directory.
+
+d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
+ to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
+
+e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
+ history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
+
+f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
+ the history list from the shell startup files.
+
+g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
+
+h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
+ invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
+ and `:'.
+
+i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
+ to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
+ $PWD.
+
+j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
+ allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
+ when the `-v' option had been enabled.
+
+k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
+ of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
+
+l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
+
+m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
+ token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
+
+n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
+ arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
+
+o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
+ the line being read.
+
+p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
+
+r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
+ with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
+
+s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
+ command substitutions in some cases.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
+ the word following the alias.
+
+u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
+
+v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
+ characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
+
+w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
+ `-u' option when expanding variable names.
+
+x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
+ assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
+ (e.g., b[7]++).
+
+y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
+ strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
+
+z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
+ (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
+ trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
+ trap in a non-interactive shell.
+
+bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
+ command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
+ failed for some reason.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
+ after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
+
+dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
+
+ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
+ double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion
+ functions.
+
+ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
+ size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
+
+gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
+ contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
+ be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
+ of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
+ special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
+ and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
+ that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
+ local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
+ environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
+ code has been removed.
+
+hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
+ more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
+ functions. This should make eventual message translation easier.
+
+ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
+ is not interactive.
+
+jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
+ unset, so side effects will take place.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
+ jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
+ builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
+
+mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
+ files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
+
+nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
+ option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
+ or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
+
+oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
+ immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
+
+pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
+ each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
+ This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
+ cheap, add up.
+
+qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now,
+ and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
+ interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
+
+rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
+ caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
+ malloc/free.
+
+ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
+ newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
+
+tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
+ masking system calls.
+
+uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
+ work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
+ does not exist.
+
+vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
+ values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
+ results.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
+
+b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
+ HOME and END keys.
+
+c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
+
+d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
+ from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
+
+e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
+ meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
+
+f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
+
+g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
+ file descriptor is invalidated.
+
+h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
+ custom redisplay function.
+
+i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
+ to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
+
+j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
+
+b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
+ `-P' forces a $PATH search.
+
+c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
+
+d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
+ reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
+ The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
+
+e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
+ appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
+
+f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
+ like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
+
+g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
+
+h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
+
+i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
+ the result into the expanded prompt.
+
+j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
+ machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
+
+k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
+ functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
+
+l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
+ with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
+
+m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
+ readline's appending a space to the completed word.
+
+n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
+
+o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
+ separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
+ the old output would result in syntax errors).
+
+p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
+ bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
+ allocation and free time.
+
+q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
+ option to complete on names from /etc/services.
+
+r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
+
+s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
+ don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
+
+t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
+ intuitively.
+
+u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
+ argument if it contains non-printing characters.
+
+v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
+ to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
+ function. Currently has no effect on variables.
+
+w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
+ [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
+
+x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
+ function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
+ script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
+ POSIX-2001 requires.
+
+y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
+ new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
+ and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
+ from Gary Vaughan.
+
+z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
+ and close).
+
+aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
+
+bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
+ format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
+ be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
+ insert mode.
+
+b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
+ the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
+ This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
+
+c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
+
+d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
+ append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
+ been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
+ variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
+
+e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
+ argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
+ comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
+
+f. New application-settable completion variable:
+ rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
+ function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
+ slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
+
+g. New function available to application completion functions:
+ rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
+ and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
+ completions, etc.).
+
+h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
+ bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
+
+i. New application-settable completion variable:
+ rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
+ rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
+
+j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
+ the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
+ string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
+ DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
+ argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
+
+b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
+
+c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
+ it messes up some includes.
+
+d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
+
+e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
+ through and caused compilation problems.
+
+f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
+ code.
+
+g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
+ up in LIBOBJS.
+
+h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
+ required.
+
+i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
+ around buggy compilers.
+
+j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
+ potentially cause a core dump.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
+
+b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
+ include file problems.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
+ of the %g and %G conversions.
+
+b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
+ %G conversions.
+
+c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
+ when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
+
+d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
+
+e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
+ mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
+
+f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
+
+g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
+ `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
+
+h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
+ work better.
+
+i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
+
+j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
+
+k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
+ strtoumax.
+
+l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
+ directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
+ passed to printf(3).
+
+m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
+ have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
+
+n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
+ falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
+
+o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
+ that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
+ size passed as an argument.
+
+p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
+ if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
+ <ctype.h>.
+
+q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
+ not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
+ interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
+ When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
+ contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
+
+r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
+ function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
+ command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
+
+t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
+
+u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
+ if they're not in the initial environment.
+
+v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
+ bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
+ performed.
+
+w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
+ gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
+
+x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
+ even if it assigns them default values.
+
+y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
+ if they appear in the initial environment.
+
+z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
+ run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
+ config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
+ out in the distributed version.
+
+aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
+
+bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
+
+cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
+ definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
+
+dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
+
+ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
+ results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
+ same command.
+
+ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
+ potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
+ the temporary directory to use.
+
+gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
+ requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
+
+hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
+ SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
+
+ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
+ rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
+ will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
+
+jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
+ `bash -c'.
+
+2. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
+ implemented by printf(3).
+
+b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
+
+c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
+ corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
+ value is assigned.
+
+3. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
+
+b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
+ the array used to hold the marks.
+
+c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
+
+d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
+
+e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
+ macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
+ <ctype.h>.
+
+f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
+ the beginning of the line.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the
+ expanded expression is NULL.
+
+b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
+
+c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
+ files and to static function declarations in C source files.
+
+d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
+ and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
+ declarations from C source files that were already included in header
+ files.
+
+e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
+ the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
+ now is for unwind-protects.
+
+f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
+
+g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
+ directories.
+
+h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
+ for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
+ messages.
+
+i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
+
+j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
+ and freed memory.
+
+k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
+ expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
+
+i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
+ and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
+
+j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
+
+k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
+ local variables.
+
+l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
+ compatibility with ksh.
+
+m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
+ overflows.
+
+n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
+ because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
+
+o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
+ compatibility with other shells.
+
+p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L'
+ formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
+ simpified where appropriate.
+
+q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
+
+r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
+
+s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
+ generated names a bit more random.
+
+t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
+ functions.
+
+u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
+ `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
+
+v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
+ for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
+ simplify the code.
+
+w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
+ relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
+
+x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
+ time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
+
+y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
+
+z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
+ instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
+ restoring 8-byte alignment.
+
+aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
+ number of the call that caused the error.
+
+bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
+ report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
+ to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
+ file descriptor).
+
+cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
+ after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
+ the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
+ sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
+ case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
+
+b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
+ initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
+
+c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
+ escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
+ octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
+ than strict ASCII.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
+ meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
+ limit, in addition to `unlimited'
+
+b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
+ resource when printing more than one limit.
+
+c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
+ one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
+ code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
+ line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
+
+b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
+ portably.
+
+c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
+ MacOS X.
+
+d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
+
+e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
+ numeric fds in /dev/fd.
+
+f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
+ and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
+
+g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
+
+h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
+ dump when replacing characters in a string.
+
+i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
+ released (patchlevel.h).
+
+j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
+ _patchlevel.
+
+k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
+ `bash -i filename'.
+
+l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
+
+m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
+ required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
+ now standard.
+
+n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
+ be regular files.
+
+o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
+ width is 0.
+
+p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
+ width with left-justification.
+
+r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
+
+s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
+ caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
+ completions.
+
+t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
+
+v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
+ the shell.
+
+w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
+ and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
+
+x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
+
+y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so
+ that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
+
+z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
+ part of the shell in the future.
+
+aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
+ to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
+
+bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
+ with incorrectly-formed patterns.
+
+cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
+
+dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
+ if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
+
+ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
+
+ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
+ been set.
+
+gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
+
+hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
+ on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
+
+ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
+ to execute because of problems with `interp'.
+
+jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
+
+kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
+ input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
+
+ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
+ pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
+
+mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
+ array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
+ ksh93.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
+ declared readonly.
+
+oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
+ temporary files.
+
+2. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
+ `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
+
+b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
+ drafts.
+
+c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
+ ISO C99).
+
+d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
+ (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
+
+e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
+ but ignored.
+
+f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
+ shell is a login shell.
+
+g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
+
+h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
+ completion.
+
+i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
+
+j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
+
+k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
+ `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
+ to PATH.
+
+l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
+ whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
+ It is not inherited by shell functions.
+
+m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
+ given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
+ a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
+ drafts require.
+
+n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
+
+o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
+
+p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
+ drafts require.
+
+3. Changes to Readline
+
+a. More `const' and type casting fixes.
+
+b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
+ overflow problems.
+
+c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
+ completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
+ the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
+ means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
+ add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
+
+d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
+
+e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
+
+f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
+
+g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
+ because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
+ public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
+
+b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
+ RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
+
+c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
+
+d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
+ completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
+
+e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
+ `:first-' modifier, like csh.
+
+f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
+ it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
+ saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
+ HISTIGNORE check fails.
+
+b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
+ as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
+ a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
+ (or a leading `!' or `^').
+
+d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
+ execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
+ with a leading `#! interpreter'.
+
+e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
+ have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
+ process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
+ run with `exec' in the startup files.
+
+g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
+ `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
+
+h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
+ expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
+
+i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
+
+j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
+ the names and definitions of shell functions.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
+
+b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
+ history_word_delimiters.
+
+c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
+ value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
+ be bound to accept-line).
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
+ since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
+
+b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
+ execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
+
+d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
+ reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
+ input redirected from a file.
+
+f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
+ stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
+ be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
+
+h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
+ on `word'.
+
+i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
+ if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
+
+j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
+
+k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
+ would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
+ commands.
+
+l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
+ the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
+
+m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
+
+n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
+ POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
+
+o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
+ results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
+
+b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
+ `set keymap EMACS' works.
+
+c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
+ status on error.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
+ if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
+ readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
+
+b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
+ is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
+
+c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
+ variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
+
+d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
+ now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
+ value is as before.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
+
+b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
+ cached.
+
+c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
+ in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
+
+d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix
+
+e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
+ will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
+
+f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
+ really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
+
+g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
+ $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
+
+h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
+
+i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
+ manipulation.
+
+j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
+ faster.
+
+k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
+ inside a $'...' construct.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
+ incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
+
+m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
+ key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
+ not be honored.
+
+n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
+ opened on a shell script to close on exec.
+
+o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
+ when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
+
+p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
+ argument that is not `]'.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
+ without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
+ a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
+ where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
+ statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
+ run with `.').
+
+s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
+ when the shell is started.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
+ called `wait'.
+
+u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
+ named by $TMPDIR.
+
+v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
+ not declared in readline.h.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
+ correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
+
+x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
+ appears in the initial environment.
+
+y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
+ being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
+ such a script attempted to execute `return'.
+
+z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
+ `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
+ return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
+ executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
+ command like `(command) &'.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
+ exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
+
+b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
+ functions.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
+ the beginning of the line in vi mode.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
+ readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
+ rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
+
+e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
+ was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
+ /dev/null).
+
+f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
+ interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
+ rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
+
+g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
+ crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
+ without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards
+ compatibility.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
+ in pathname arguments.
+
+b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
+ way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
+ `declare -p' as well.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
+ expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
+
+b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
+ public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
+ dimensions.
+
+c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
+ of the examples.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
+
+b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
+
+c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
+ unset variable within a sourced file.
+
+d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
+ doing pattern substitution.
+
+e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
+
+f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
+ correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
+ matched.
+
+g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
+ character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
+ than generating a separate field.
+
+h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
+ when double-quoted.
+
+i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
+ parser ignores them on input.
+
+j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
+ the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
+ -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
+
+k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
+ current directory.
+
+l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
+ `SIG' in the signal specification.
+
+m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
+ messed up by a compound array assignment.
+
+n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
+ where ints and pointers are not the same size.
+
+o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X.
+
+p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
+ descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
+ a (...) subshell.
+
+r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
+ in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
+
+s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
+ binary before reading commands from it.
+
+t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
+ sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
+ group.
+
+u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
+ of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
+
+v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
+ multi-line command.
+
+w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
+ the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
+
+x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
+ another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This
+ means that constructs like
+
+ { { echo a b c ; } }
+
+ work as expected.
+
+y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
+ arguments.
+
+z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
+ exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
+
+aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
+ same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
+
+bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
+
+cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
+
+dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
+ key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
+
+ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
+ argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
+
+ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
+ not be split, like assignment statements.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
+ arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
+ off at the wrong `:'.
+
+hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
+ `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
+ in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
+ {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
+
+kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
+ expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
+
+ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
+ a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
+
+mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
+
+nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
+ environment when it starts up.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
+ `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
+
+pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
+ variable.
+
+qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
+ an array variable.
+
+rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
+ possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
+ constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
+ line continuation.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
+ when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
+
+uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
+ command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
+
+vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
+ and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
+ if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
+
+yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
+ displayed as escape sequences.
+
+zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
+
+aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
+ it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
+
+ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
+ now cause the command to return an error status.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
+ interrupted.
+
+eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
+ attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
+ properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
+
+fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
+ the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
+
+ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
+ space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
+ than just appending it.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
+ fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
+ recursion on zero-length matches.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
+ readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
+
+b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
+ dereference a null pointer.
+
+c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
+ has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
+
+d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
+ places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
+
+e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
+ single quote inside a single-quoted string.
+
+f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
+ but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to
+ be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
+ code wants to modify the string.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
+ wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
+
+h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
+ declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
+ C++ code.
+
+i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where
+ `char' is unsigned by default.
+
+j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
+
+k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
+ replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
+ still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
+
+m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
+ now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
+ screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
+
+n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
+ old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
+
+o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
+ username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
+ prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
+
+p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
+ when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
+
+q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
+ that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
+ major and minor numbers.
+
+r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
+ physical line and contained invisible characters.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
+ per the new GNU coding standards.
+
+b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
+ port numbers.
+
+c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
+ of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
+
+ default - perform bash default completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
+ so it can do things like append slashes to
+ directory names and suppress trailing spaces
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
+
+b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
+ it's now part of the public interface.
+
+c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
+ encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
+ callbacks and hook functions.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
+ inet_aton().
+
+b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
+ parameters.
+
+c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
+
+d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
+ compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
+ matches are returned as the result.
+
+e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
+ signal caught by bash is received.
+
+f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
+ symbolic mode mask was parsed.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
+ performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
+
+h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
+ in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
+ LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
+ displays floating-point numbers.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
+ non-Unix systems.
+
+b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
+
+c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
+ remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
+
+d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
+ the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear
+ as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
+ Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
+ redirection operators.
+
+e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
+ parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
+
+f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
+
+g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
+ of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
+ Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
+ word have been added.
+
+h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
+ evaluation error.
+
+i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
+ abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
+ was fixed.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
+ executed.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
+ functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
+ race conditions and malicious file replacement.
+
+2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command
+ substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
+ dump on alpha machines.
+
+3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
+ commands was fixed.
+
+4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
+
+5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
+ to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
+ referenced was fixed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
+
+b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
+ core dump.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
+ core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
+
+d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
+ commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
+
+e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
+ are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
+
+f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
+
+g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
+ LC_ALL was unset.
+
+h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
+ it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
+
+i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
+ doesn't think the function is still executing.
+
+j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
+ rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
+
+k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
+ the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
+
+l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
+ descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
+ signal to not be reported in some cases.
+
+n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
+ the history list.
+
+o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
+ the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
+ redirection operators.
+
+p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
+ are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
+ sequences.
+
+q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
+ shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
+ mode.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
+ redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
+ closing brace.
+
+s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
+ pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
+
+t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
+ in /tmp.
+
+u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
+ time signals on systems which support them.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
+ buffer overflows.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
+ the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
+ was enabled.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
+
+b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
+ `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards
+ compatibility.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
+ some obscure cases.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
+ the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
+
+c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
+
+d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
+ completed containing quote characters.
+
+e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
+ expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
+ finished executing.
+
+f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
+ builtin correctly.
+
+g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
+
+2. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
+ (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
+ trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
+
+b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
+ moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
+
+c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
+ or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
+
+d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
+ `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
+
+e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
+ profiling again on certain systems.
+
+f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
+ after a process exits due to a signal.
+
+g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
+ environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
+
+h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
+ arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
+
+i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
+ with embedded newlines.
+
+j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
+ duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
+
+k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
+ if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
+ has a special meaning to the parser.
+
+l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
+ u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
+
+m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
+
+n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
+ /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
+
+o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
+
+p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
+ no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
+ effects in certain locales.
+
+q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
+ compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
+
+r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
+ opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
+ same as a redirector specified by the user.
+
+s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
+ in `time ! pipeline'.
+
+t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
+ interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
+ processes in a shell script.
+
+u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
+
+v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
+ the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
+ with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
+
+w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
+ cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
+
+x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
+ that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
+ string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
+
+y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
+ started with `-n'.
+
+z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
+ a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
+ execution.
+
+aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
+ is restricted.
+
+bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
+ are no unwaited-for children.
+
+cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
+ the subshell started to run the command.
+
+dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
+ state.
+
+ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
+
+ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
+ history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
+ breaks.
+
+b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
+ stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
+
+c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
+ from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
+ own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
+ this case.
+
+d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
+ sequences is redrawn correctly.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
+
+b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
+ of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
+ expansion.
+
+b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1
+
+c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
+ for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
+
+d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
+ current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
+ completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
+
+e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
+ config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the
+ startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
+ the `--login' option.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
+ IFS contained characters > 128.
+
+g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
+ after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
+ may be used as expected.
+
+h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
+
+i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
+ if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
+
+j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
+ of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
+ the history file on cygwin32.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
+ complete and compgen.
+
+b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
+ programmable completion features (enabled by default).
+
+c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
+ completion at runtime.
+
+d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
+ application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
+ readline library or some substitute.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody
+
+b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
+ JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
+
+c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
+
+d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
+ expansion.
+
+e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
+ for ksh-93 compatibility.
+
+f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
+ the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
+ option.
+
+g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
+
+h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
+ patterns better.
+
+i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
+ the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
+
+j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
+ operation on MS-DOS.
+
+k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
+ as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
+
+l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
+ subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
+
+m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
+ fewer read(2) system calls.
+
+n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
+ supplied at shell invocation.
+
+o. Several improvments were made to the completion code: variable completion
+ now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
+ completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
+ unclosed $(... constructs.
+
+p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
+ variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
+
+q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
+
+r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
+ has a value when `make install' is run.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
+ when bash is started by sshd.
+
+t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
+
+u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
+ the wrong order was fixed.
+
+v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
+ statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
+
+w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
+ simplified considerably and should work better now.
+
+x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
+ when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
+ process.
+
+y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
+ backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
+ % format specifiers.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
+ regular file.
+
+b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
+ systems with signed chars was fixed.
+
+c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
+ called.
+
+d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
+ filenames.
+
+e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
+
+f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
+
+g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
+
+h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
+
+i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
+
+j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
+ the start of the prompt string.
+
+k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
+
+l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
+ recursion in signal handlers.
+
+m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
+ was given a very large numeric argument.
+
+n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
+ of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
+ at position `offset'.
+
+b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
+ active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
+
+c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
+ commands.
+
+d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
+ enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
+
+e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
+ synopsys.
+
+f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
+ post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
+ expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
+
+g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
+ for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+
+h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
+ -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
+ -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
+ -d delim read until delim rather than newline
+ -s don't echo input chars as they are read
+
+i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
+ /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
+ not they are present in the file system.
+
+j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
+ /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
+ of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
+
+k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
+ shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
+
+l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
+ a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
+
+m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
+ discarded. This means it can be unset.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
+ or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
+ changed.
+
+b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
+
+c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
+
+d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
+ line when the string to search for is empty, like
+ {reverse,forward}-search-history.
+
+e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
+ in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
+
+f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
+ when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
+
+g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
+ that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
+ a non-zero value.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
+
+b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
+ failures when using `read -e'.
+
+c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
+ CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
+
+d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
+
+e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
+ if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
+
+b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
+
+c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
+ aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
+
+d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
+ are generated.
+
+e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
+ in arguments to [[.
+
+f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
+
+g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
+ between calls to `getopts'.
+
+i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
+ replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
+ `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
+
+j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
+ to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
+ `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
+ performed.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
+
+b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
+ semicolon is required before the closing brace.
+
+b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
+ to return an exit status > 1.
+
+c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
+ arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
+
+d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody,
+ AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
+
+e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
+
+f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
+ which immediately follow a `*'.
+
+g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
+ following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
+ of the command.
+
+h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
+ `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
+ pathnames on some systems.
+
+i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
+ to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
+
+j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
+ interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
+ by `wait'.
+
+k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
+
+l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
+
+m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
+ Tenon's MachTen.
+
+n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
+ will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
+ value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
+ prefix of the list of matches.
+
+b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
+ which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
+ that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
+ call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
+ the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
+ shell startup files.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
+ readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
+ only thing typed was a newline.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
+
+b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
+ from the net.
+
+c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
+ changed to not require a compiled program.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
+ after a failed exec.
+
+e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
+ due to the non-ascii output.
+
+f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
+ support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
+ makefiles by configure.
+
+g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
+ return value.
+
+h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
+ handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
+
+i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
+ mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
+ loadable builtins from the same source file.
+
+j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
+ string.
+
+k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
+
+l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
+ like `type -ap' work as expected.
+
+m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
+ bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version
+ 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries
+ are supported. The installed include files are used.
+
+n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
+
+o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
+ AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
+ the `-shared' options works correctly.
+
+p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
+ be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
+ completed and the -u option was set.
+
+q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
+ is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
+
+r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
+ trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
+
+s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
+ no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
+
+t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
+ compiled into the shell.
+
+u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
+ precede the `time' reserved word.
+
+v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
+
+w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
+ for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
+
+x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
+ with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
+
+y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
+ the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
+
+z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
+ list.
+
+aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
+ `}' in a ${...} expression.
+
+bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
+ no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
+
+cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
+ relies on proper behavior from the C library.
+
+dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
+ ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
+
+ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
+ with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
+ generated.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The version number is now 4.0.
+
+b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
+
+c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
+ better support Win32 systems.
+
+d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
+ milliseconds.
+
+e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
+
+f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
+ all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
+ source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
+
+g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
+
+h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
+
+i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
+ string length exceeded 1024 characters.
+
+j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
+ if there is only one match.
+
+k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
+ after newlines.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
+ shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
+
+b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
+ array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
+
+c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
+
+d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Many changes to the signal handling:
+ o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
+ o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
+ to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
+ signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
+ SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
+ o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
+ writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
+ own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
+ applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
+ o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
+ handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
+ line after receiving a signal;
+ o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
+ display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
+ o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
+ terminal and display state after an application signal handler
+ returns and readline continues
+
+b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
+ the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
+
+c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
+ previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
+
+d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
+ reading input, after initialization.
+
+e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
+ display the list of completion matches. The new function
+ rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
+ for use by application functions called via this hook.
+
+f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
+ and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
+ more than 1000 characters.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
+ as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
+
+d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
+ so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
+ to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
+
+f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
+ Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
+
+g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
+ characters.
+
+h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
+ value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
+ in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
+ shell functions.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
+ string did not consume any of the arguments.
+
+k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
+ incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
+ the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
+ such as `%2 &' was given.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
+ longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
+ incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
+ pipeline.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
+
+b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
+ not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
+
+c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
+ attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
+ substitutions.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
+ dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
+ empty arrays with `bash -c'.
+
+f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
+ dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
+
+g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
+ from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
+ directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
+
+h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
+ dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
+ an assignment statement preceding a command.
+
+i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
+ recognized under certain circumstances.
+
+j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
+ removal is performed.
+
+k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
+
+l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
+ arguments.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
+
+b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
+ error messages look right.
+
+c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
+
+d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
+ character is encountered.
+
+e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
+ trying to create already exists for some reason.
+
+f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
+ `x+*' expand incorrectly.
+
+g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
+
+h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
+ the presence of lstat(2) failures.
+
+i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
+
+j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
+
+k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
+ when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
+
+l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
+ in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
+ is not.
+
+m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
+ messages.
+
+n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
+ though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
+
+o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
+
+p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
+
+q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
+ files.
+
+r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
+ find a value for _CS_PATH.
+
+s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
+ `extglob' is enabled.
+
+t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
+ PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
+ more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
+
+b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
+ Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
+
+b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
+ works correctly.
+
+c. PWD is now auto-exported.
+
+d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
+ to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
+
+e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
+
+f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
+ to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
+
+g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
+ being translated into `let "..."'.
+
+h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
+ and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
+ character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
+
+i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
+ valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
+ `@', and `*'.
+
+j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
+ non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
+
+k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
+ on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
+ and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
+
+l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
+ and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
+ string or after a `=' or `:'.
+
+m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
+
+n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
+ interactive shell.
+
+o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
+ occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
+
+p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
+ directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
+ characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
+ process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
+ for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This
+ satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
+
+r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
+ the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
+
+s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
+ if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
+
+t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
+ Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
+ in an `int'.
+
+u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
+ filenames which already begin with `./'.
+
+v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
+ compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
+
+w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
+ subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
+
+x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
+ out-of-range jobs.
+
+y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
+ due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
+
+z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
+ was fixed.
+
+aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
+ functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
+
+bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
+ that case identically to being run by rshd.
+
+cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
+ options was changed was fixed.
+
+dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
+ instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
+ process.
+
+ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
+ `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
+ `var=value readonly var'.
+
+ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
+
+gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
+ that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
+ not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
+ defined, as POSIX.2 specifes.
+
+ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
+ is interactive.
+
+jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
+ returning NULL.
+
+kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
+ is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
+
+ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
+ to make them less prone to name collisions.
+
+mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
+ only at the beginning of a pipeline.
+
+nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
+ into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
+ POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
+ shell.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
+ dump.
+
+b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
+ more error messages.
+
+c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
+ history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
+ expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
+ changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
+ and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
+
+b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
+ changes and range checking included by default.
+
+c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
+ Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
+ symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
+ matching.
+
+d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
+ implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
+
+e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
+ extended `test' functionality.
+
+f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
+ specification.
+
+g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
+ to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
+ (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
+
+h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
+ directory stack.
+
+i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
+
+j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
+ `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
+ `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
+
+k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
+ controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
+ default.
+
+l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
+ controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
+ It is enabled by default.
+
+m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
+ will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
+ specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
+ interactive.
+
+n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
+ a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
+
+o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
+ pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
+
+p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
+ the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
+ exits.
+
+q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
+ argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
+ specified keymap.
+
+r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
+ and running jobs, respectively.
+
+s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
+ format.
+
+t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
+ has been modified since it was last accessed.
+
+u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
+
+v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
+ translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
+ in hexadecimal.
+
+w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
+
+x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
+ a Unix machine.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
+ can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
+ lines.
+
+b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
+ matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
+ and down the screen (like `ls').
+
+c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
+ and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
+
+d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
+ expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
+ be inserted into the result.
+
+e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
+ menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
+ completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
+
+f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
+ systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
+ buffer.
+
+g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
+ escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
+ may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
+
+h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
+ input more strenuously.
+
+b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
+ when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
+
+c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
+ mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
+ $MAILPATH.
+
+d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
+
+e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
+ the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
+ to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
+
+g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
+ to LC_ALL.
+
+h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
+ are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
+ characters before the `='.
+
+i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
+ word of output.
+
+j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
+ more portable.
+
+k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
+ result.
+
+l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
+ configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
+
+m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
+
+n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
+
+o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
+
+p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
+ substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
+
+q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
+ the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
+
+r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
+ cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
+
+s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
+ only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
+
+t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
+ for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
+
+u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
+ after the startup files are executed.
+
+v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
+ found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
+ null value.
+
+w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
+ when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
+
+x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
+ containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
+
+y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
+ refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
+ was fixed.
+
+z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
+ interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
+ an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
+ readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
+
+b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
+ better security.
+
+c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
+ is done better.
+
+d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
+
+e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
+ when completing words was empty was fixed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
+ has been created.
+
+b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
+ are printed in English.
+
+c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
+ `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
+
+d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
+ requires.
+
+e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
+
+f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
+ with relative paths was fixed.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
+ the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
+ incorrect results.
+
+c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
+ the trap more than once was fixed.
+
+d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
+ fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
+ pointer was fixed.
+
+e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix
+ allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
+
+f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
+ other than SIG_DFL.
+
+g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
+ now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
+ characters if they appear in a file name.
+
+h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
+ even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
+ completion.
+
+i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
+ arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
+
+j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
+ rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
+
+k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
+ shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
+ fixed.
+
+l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
+ `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
+ while loop.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
+ free a NULL pointer were fixed.
+
+b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
+ at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
+ eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
+ is not `C' or `POSIX'.
+
+c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
+ by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
+ closedir().
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
+ alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no
+ way to execute it.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
+ substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
+
+b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
+
+c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
+ multiple groups.
+
+d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
+
+e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
+
+f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
+
+g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
+
+h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
+ here document cannot be created.
+
+i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
+ non-interactive startup.
+
+j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
+ /dev/tty.
+
+k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
+
+l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
+ $SHELLOPTS.
+
+m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
+ the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
+ redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
+
+n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
+ the shell options.
+
+o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
+ only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
+
+p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
+ than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
+ bison. This came up most often on NetBSD.
+
+q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
+ an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
+
+r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
+ calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
+ problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
+
+s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
+
+t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
+ go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
+
+u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
+
+v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
+ scripts through Purify.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
+ scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
+ the shell options.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
+ into application-specific function hooks.
+
+b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
+ which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
+ like the NeXT OS.
+
+c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
+
+d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
+ boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to
+ override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
+ deficient.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
+ MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
+
+b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
+ HP-UX, AIX 4.2.
+
+c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
+ the command could not be found was fixed.
+
+d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
+ race conditions and possible security exploits.
+
+e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
+ substitutions on variable values was fixed.
+
+f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
+ (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
+
+g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
+ arrays are now errors.
+
+h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
+ to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
+
+i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
+ ends of the expanded variable value.
+
+j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
+ appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
+
+k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
+ in a non-interactive shell.
+
+l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
+ instead of a job number was fixed.
+
+m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
+ directory entries match a single-character argument.
+
+n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
+ longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
+
+o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
+ various Unix versions.
+
+p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
+ treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
+
+q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
+ displayed.
+
+r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
+ string is not freed inappropriately.
+
+s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
+ should be closer to working now.
+
+t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
+ wrong was fixed.
+
+u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
+ `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
+
+v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
+ when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
+
+w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
+ interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
+ quicker startup.
+
+x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
+ a loop.
+
+y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
+ a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
+ command.
+
+z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
+ filenames beginning with a `.'.
+
+aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
+ one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
+ (with `fc -e') was fixed.
+
+bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
+ overflows.
+
+cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
+ inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
+ substitution.
+
+dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
+ was fixed.
+
+ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
+ in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
+ fixed.
+
+ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
+ are now handled better.
+
+gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
+ `--disable-readline' was fixed.
+
+hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
+
+ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
+ stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
+ been executed instead.
+
+jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
+ and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
+
+kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
+
+ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
+ are other redirections associated with the command.
+
+mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
+ is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
+ of glibc had too many problems with it.
+
+nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list
+ is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
+ over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those
+ listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
+
+oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
+ temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
+ report.
+
+pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
+ off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
+ was executed was fixed.
+
+qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
+ in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
+ was fixed.
+
+rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
+ be inappropriately freed was fixed.
+
+ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
+ to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
+
+tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
+ cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
+
+uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
+ been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
+ `!' reserved word was fixed.
+
+vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
+ divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
+
+ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
+ backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
+ double quotes was fixed.
+
+xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
+ invalid count argument is supplied.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
+ `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
+
+zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
+ as POSIX specifies.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
+ if there were no shell options set.
+
+bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
+ mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
+ creates an array variable.
+
+ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
+ pipelines.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
+ an otherwise empty line was fixed.
+
+b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
+
+c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
+ width.
+
+d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
+
+e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
+ their values.
+
+f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
+ newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
+ than directly by an application.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
+ the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
+ numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
+ argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
+ instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
+ required option argument is not present.
+
+b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
+ after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
+ may have changed the common prefix.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
+
+d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
+ ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
+
+e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
+ work when within double quotes.
+
+f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
+ parameters.
+
+g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
+ occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
+
+i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
+
+j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
+
+k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
+ expansion.
+
+l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
+ execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
+ interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
+ with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
+ set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
+ inserting text.
+
+b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
+ being entered.
+
+c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
+ equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
+ by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible
+ with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
+
+b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
+ end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
+ are present.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
+
+b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
+ persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
+
+c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems
+ where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
+ systems when job control is being used.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
+ execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
+
+e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
+
+f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
+ elements in an array variable.
+
+g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
+
+h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
+ the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
+
+i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
+ value (${#var}).
+
+j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
+ `no fork' flag inappropriately.
+
+k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
+
+l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
+ terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
+ shell changes its own process group.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
+
+b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
+ to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
+ simply entering insert mode.
+
+3. New features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
+ examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
+ functionality.
+
+b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
+ pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
+ strcoll() is available.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
+
+b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
+
+c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
+ when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
+ systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
+
+d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
+ configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
+
+e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
+
+f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
+ than being silently reset.
+
+g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
+ instead of being ignored.
+
+h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
+
+i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
+ would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
+
+j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
+ unsigned values and to simplify the code.
+
+k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
+ put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
+
+l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
+ are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
+
+m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
+ from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell,
+ it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
+
+n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
+ be public.
+
+b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
+ was fixed.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly
+ identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure,
+ `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
+
+b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If
+ defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
+ when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default.
+
+c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
+ may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
+ shell treats specially was fixed.
+
+b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
+ LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN
+ and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
+ to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
+
+c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
+ parsed incorrectly.
+
+d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
+ Solaris 2.5.
+
+e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
+ completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
+ completed.
+
+f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
+
+g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
+ setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
+ option.
+
+h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
+ on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
+
+i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
+ is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
+
+j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
+
+k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
+ quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
+ string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
+
+l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
+ thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
+
+m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
+ values was fixed.
+
+n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
+ shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
+ were plugged.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
+ typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
+ to format and display timing statistics.
+
+b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
+ POSIX.2 output format.
+
+c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
+ files to bash format.
+
+d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various
+ members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
+ plus the value of MACHTYPE.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
+ eight-bit mode.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
+
+b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
+ variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause
+ non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
+
+c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
+ ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
+ correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
+ consequence.
+
+d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
+ operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
+ is `!'.
+
+e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
+
+f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
+ the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
+ twice.
+
+g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
+ text the user typed in some cases.
+
+h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
+ the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
+
+i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
+ closing `}'.
+
+j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
+ jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
+ run from a terminal.
+
+k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
+
+l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
+ file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
+ $PATH was fixed.
+
+m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
+ statements when not in posix mode.
+
+n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
+ now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
+
+o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
+ legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
+
+p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
+ are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
+
+q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
+ thing on all systems, even Linux.
+
+r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
+ consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
+ not using readline is reading a here document.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
+ when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
+
+u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
+ second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
+ not read-only.
+
+v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
+ encounters an error.
+
+w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
+
+x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
+ have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
+
+y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
+ declaration is not a legal identifier.
+
+z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
+ interactive.
+
+aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
+ name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
+ `cdspell' option.
+
+bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
+
+cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
+
+2. Fixes to Readline
+
+a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
+ are redisplayed.
+
+b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
+ work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
+ sprintf var format [args]
+ This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
+ variable values.
+
+b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now
+ expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
+ search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
+ accepting the line.
+
+b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits
+ word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
+ if it had been bound to self-insert.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
+
+There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
+user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
+ statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
+
+b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
+
+c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
+ binary operators.
+
+d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
+ allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed
+ memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
+
+e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
+ expansion code.
+
+f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can
+ correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
+
+g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
+ on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
+ NOTES file and do it manually).
+
+h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
+ into the prompt strings.
+
+i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
+
+j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
+ internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
+ and incorrect options.
+
+k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
+
+l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
+ MAXNAMLEN.
+
+m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
+
+n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
+ dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to
+ POSIX.2.
+
+o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
+ changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
+
+p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
+ some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
+ library' at some future point.
+
+q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
+ POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
+
+r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
+
+s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
+ that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
+ the completion code would remove the user's text.
+
+t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
+ on HPUX systems.
+
+u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
+ completion.
+
+v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
+ which is usually called by programming_error().
+
+w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
+ to stderr instead of stdout.
+
+x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
+ commands are executed.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
+
+z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
+ `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The
+ values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
+
+aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
+ set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
+
+bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
+
+b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
+ are quoted properly.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
+ caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
+ previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed
+ in item b above.
+
+d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
+ once the first time it's called.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
+and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
+
+b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
+ but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
+
+c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
+
+d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
+ the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
+ tree have different `build versions'.
+
+e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
+ productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated
+ with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
+
+f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
+ jobs.
+
+g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
+ specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
+
+h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
+ the GNU Coding Standards specify.
+
+i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
+ places after the decimal point.
+
+j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
+ by `jobs' was fixed.
+
+k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
+ work as documented.
+
+l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
+ O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
+
+m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
+ trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
+ sourcing a script with `.'.
+
+n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
+ documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
+
+o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
+ core.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
+ contained globbing characters.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
+ applications. The current value is "2.1".
+
+b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
+ attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
+
+c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
+ ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
+ within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
+ character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with
+ the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.
This document details the incompatibilities between this version of bash,
-bash-3.2, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-1.14 (which is
+bash-4.0, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-1.14 (which is
still the `standard' version for a few Linux distributions) and bash-2.x.
These were discovered by users of bash-2.x and 3.x, so this list is not
comprehensive. Some of these incompatibilities occur between the current
operators for the `[[' compound command, and matches any quoted portion
of the right-hand-side argument to the =~ operator as a string rather
than a regular expression.
+
+34. Bash-4.0 allows the behavior in the previous item to be modified using
+ the notion of a shell `compatibility level'.
+
+35. Bash-3.2 (patched) and Bash-4.0 fix a bug that leaves the shell in an
+ inconsistent internal state following an assignment error. One of the
+ changes means that compound commands or { ... } grouping commands are
+ aborted. This is what Posix specifies.
+
+36. Bash-4.0 now allows process substitution constructs to pass unchanged
+ through brace expansion, so any expansion of the contents will have to be
+ separately specified, and each process subsitution will have to be
+ separately entered.
+
+37. Bash-4.0 now allows SIGCHLD to interrupt the wait builtin, as Posix
+ specifies, so the SIGCHLD trap is no longer always invoked once per
+ exiting child.
+
+38. Since bash-4.0 now follows Posix rules for finding the closing delimiter
+ of a $() command substitution, it will not behave as previous versions
+ did, but will catch more syntax and parsing errors before spawning a
+ subshell to evaluate the command substitution.
+
+39. The programmable completion code uses the same set of delimiting characters
+ as readline when breaking the command line into words, rather than the
+ set of shell metacharacters, so programmable completion and readline
+ should be more consistent.
+
+40. When the read builtin times out, it attempts to assign any input read to
+ specified variables, which also causes variables to be set to the empty
+ string if there is not enough input. Previous versions discarded the
+ characters read.
file permission bits obtained with stat(2). This obeys restrictions of
the file system (e.g., read-only or noexec mounts) not available via stat.
-33. Beginning with bash-3.1/readline-5.1, the readline key binding code obeys
- the current setting of the `convert-meta' variable.
+33. Bash-3.2 adopts the convention used by other string and pattern matching
+ operators for the `[[' compound command, and matches any quoted portion
+ of the right-hand-side argument to the =~ operator as a string rather
+ than a regular expression.
----
subst.c
- add call to sv_histtimefmt in initialize_variables so HISTTIMEFORMAT
- rom the environment is honored. Fix from Ark Submedes (heh)
+ from the environment is honored. Fix from Ark Submedes (heh)
<archimerged@gmail.com>
lib/readline/histfile.c
support/shobj-conf
- support for mingw32, contributed by Carlo Bramix
<carlo.bramix@libero.it>
+
+ 7/23
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - added support (currently unused) to manage a list of coprocs
+
+ 7/25
+ ----
+bashline.c
+ - add extern declarations for literal_history and force_append_history
+
+builtins/shopt.def
+ - include "bashhist.h" instead of having extern declarations for the
+ appropriate history variables
+
+parser.h
+ - new parser_state value: PST_HEREDOC, set when reading body of here-
+ document in parse.y:read_secondary_line
+
+parse.y
+ - set PST_HEREDOC bit in parser_state when reading a secondary line
+ for the body of a here-document
+ - change read_secondary_line to save lines in the body of a here-
+ document in the shell history list if remember_on_history is
+ set. Fixes bug reported by Gene Golub <gene_golub@hotmail.com>
locale.c
- in set_locale_var, print a warning message if setlocale() fails any
time it's called -- required some code restructuring
+
+ 7/19
+ ----
+support/shobj-conf
+ - support for mingw32, contributed by Carlo Bramix
+ <carlo.bramix@libero.it>
+
+ 7/23
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - added support (currently unused) to manage a list of coprocs
+
+ 7/25
+ ----
+bashline.c
+ - add extern declarations for literal_history and force_append_history
+
+builtins/shopt.def
+ - include "bashhist.h" instead of having extern declarations for the
+ appropriate history variables
+
+parser.h
+ - new parser_state value: PST_HEREDOC, set when reading body of here-
+ document in parse.y:read_secondary_line
+
+parse.y
+ - set PST_HEREDOC bit in parser_state when reading a secondary line
+ for the body of a here-document
+ - change read_secondary_line to save lines in the body of a here-
+ document in the shell history list if remember_on_history is
+ set. Fixes bug reported by Gene Golub <gene_golub@hotmail.com>
`--enable-brace-expansion'
Include `csh'-like brace expansion ( `b{a,b}c' ==> `bac bbc' ).
- See *Note Brace Expansion::, for a complete description.
+ See *note Brace Expansion::, for a complete description.
+
+`--enable-casemod-attributes'
+ Include support for case-modifying attributes in the `declare'
+ builtin and assignment statements. Variables with the UPPERCASE
+ attribute, for example, will have their values converted to
+ uppercase upon assignment.
+
+`--enable-casemod-expansion'
+ Include support for case-modifying word expansions.
`--enable-command-timing'
Include support for recognizing `time' as a reserved word and for
`=~' binary operator in the `[[' conditional command. (*note
Conditional Constructs::).
+`--enable-coprocesses'
+ Include support for coprocesses and the `coproc' reserved word
+ (*note Pipelines::).
+
`--enable-debugger'
Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
`--enable-disabled-builtins'
Allow builtin commands to be invoked via `builtin xxx' even after
- `xxx' has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'. See *Note Bash
+ `xxx' has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'. See *note Bash
Builtins::, for details of the `builtin' and `enable' builtin
commands.
`--enable-extended-glob'
Include support for the extended pattern matching features
- described above under *Note Pattern Matching::.
+ described above under *note Pattern Matching::.
`--enable-help-builtin'
Include the `help' builtin, which displays help on shell builtins
`--enable-prompt-string-decoding'
Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped
characters in the `$PS1', `$PS2', `$PS3', and `$PS4' prompt
- strings. See *Note Printing a Prompt::, for a complete list of
+ strings. See *note Printing a Prompt::, for a complete list of
prompt string escape sequences.
`--enable-readline'
`--enable-restricted'
Include support for a "restricted shell". If this is enabled,
- Bash, when called as `rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *Note
+ Bash, when called as `rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *note
The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode.
`--enable-select'
tests/history.tests f
tests/history.right f
tests/history.list f 444
+tests/history1.sub f
tests/ifs.tests f
tests/ifs.right f
tests/ifs-posix.tests f
lib/sh/clktck.c f
lib/sh/clock.c f
lib/sh/eaccess.c f
+lib/sh/fdprintf.c f
lib/sh/fmtullong.c f
lib/sh/fmtulong.c f
lib/sh/fmtumax.c f
lib/sh/getcwd.c f
lib/sh/getenv.c f
lib/sh/inet_aton.c f
+lib/sh/input_avail.c f
lib/sh/itos.c f
lib/sh/mailstat.c f
lib/sh/makepath.c f
18. I have received reports that using -O2 with the MIPSpro results in a
binary that fails in strange ways. Using -O1 seems to work.
+
+19. There is special handling to ensure the shell links against static
+ versions of the included readline and history libraries on Mac OS X;
+ Apple ships inadequate dynamic libreadline and libhistory "replacements"
+ as standard libraries.
+
+
--- /dev/null
+Platform-Specific Configuration and Operation Notes
+===================================================
+
+1. configure --without-gnu-malloc on:
+
+ alpha running OSF/1, Linux, or NetBSD (malloc needs 8-byte alignment;
+ bash malloc has 8-byte alignment now, but I have no alphas to test on)
+
+ next running NeXT/OS
+
+ all machines running SunOS YP code: SunOS4, SunOS5, HP/UX, if you
+ have problems with username completion or tilde expansion for
+ usernames found via YP/NIS
+
+ linux (optional, but don't do it if you're using Doug Lea's malloc)
+
+ QNX 4.2
+ other OSF/1 machines (KSR/1, HP, IBM AIX/ESA)
+ AIX
+ sparc SVR4, SVR4.2 (ICL reference port)
+ DG/UX
+ Cray
+
+ NetBSD/sparc (malloc needs 8-byte alignment; bash malloc has 8-byte
+ alignment now, but I have no NetBSD machines to test on)
+
+ BSD/OS 2.1, 3.x if you want to use loadable builtins
+
+ Motorola m68k machines running System V.3. There is a file descriptor
+ leak caused by using the bash malloc because closedir(3) needs to read
+ freed memory to find the file descriptor to close
+
+2. Configure using shlicc2 on BSD/OS 2.1 and BSD/OS 3.x to use loadable
+ builtins
+
+3. Bash cannot be built in a directory separate from the source directory
+ using configure --srcdir=... unless the version of `make' you're using
+ does $VPATH handling right. The script support/mkclone can be used to
+ create a `build tree' using symlinks to get around this.
+
+4. I've had reports that username completion (as well as tilde expansion
+ and \u prompt expansion) does not work on IRIX 5.3 when linking with
+ -lnsl. This is only a problem when you're running NIS, since
+ apparently -lnsl supports only /etc/passwd and not the NIS functions
+ for retrieving usernames and passwords. Editing the Makefile after
+ configure runs and removing the `-lnsl' from the assignment to `LIBS'
+ fixes the problem.
+
+5. There is a problem with the `makewhatis' script in older (pre-7.0)
+ versions of Red Hat Linux. Running `makewhatis' with bash-2.0 or
+ later versions results in error messages like this:
+
+ /usr/sbin/makewhatis: cd: manpath: No such file or directory
+ /usr/sbin/makewhatis: manpath/whatis: No such file or directory
+ chmod: manpath/whatis: No such file or directory
+ /usr/sbin/makewhatis: cd: catpath: No such file or directory
+ /usr/sbin/makewhatis: catpath/whatis: No such file or directory
+ chmod: catpath/whatis: No such file or directory
+
+ The problem is with `makewhatis'. Red Hat (and possibly other
+ Linux distributors) uses a construct like this in the code:
+
+ eval path=$"$pages"path
+
+ to do indirect variable expansion. This `happened to work' in
+ bash-1.14 and previous versions, but that was more an accident
+ of implementation than anything else -- it was never supported
+ and certainly is not portable.
+
+ Bash-2.0 has a new feature that gives a new meaning to $"...".
+ This is explained more completely in item 1 in the COMPAT file.
+
+ The three lines in the `makewhatis' script that need to be changed
+ look like this:
+
+ eval $topath=$"$topath":$name
+ [...]
+ eval path=$"$pages"path
+ [...]
+ eval path=$"$pages"path
+
+ The portable way to write this code is
+
+ eval $topath="\$$topath":$name
+ eval path="\$$pages"path
+ eval path="\$$pages"path
+
+ You could also experiment with another new bash feature: ${!var}.
+ This does indirect variable expansion, making the use of eval
+ unnecessary.
+
+6. There is a problem with syslogd on many Linux distributions (Red Hat
+ and Slackware are two that I have received reports about). syslogd
+ sends a SIGINT to its parent process, which is waiting for the daemon
+ to finish its initialization. The parent process then dies due to
+ the SIGINT, and bash reports it, causing unexpected console output
+ while the system is booting that looks something like
+
+ starting daemons: syslogd/etc/rc.d/rc.M: line 29: 38 Interrupt ${NET}/syslogd
+
+ Bash-2.0 reports events such as processes dying in scripts due to
+ signals when the standard output is a tty. Bash-1.14.x and previous
+ versions did not report such events.
+
+ This should probably be reported as a bug to whatever Linux distributor
+ people see the problem on. In my opinion, syslogd should be changed to
+ use some other method of communication, or the wrapper function (which
+ appeared to be `daemon' when I looked at it some time ago) or script
+ (which appeared to be `syslog') should catch SIGINT, since it's an
+ expected event, and exit cleanly.
+
+7. Several people have reported that `dip' (a program for SLIP/PPP
+ on Linux) does not work with bash-2.0 installed as /bin/sh.
+
+ I don't run any Linux boxes myself, and do not have the dip
+ code handy to look at, but the `problem' with bash-2.0, as
+ it has been related to me, is that bash requires the `-p'
+ option to be supplied at invocation if it is to run setuid
+ or setgid.
+
+ This means, among other things, that setuid or setgid programs
+ which call system(3) (a horrendously bad practice in any case)
+ relinquish their setuid/setgid status in the child that's forked
+ to execute /bin/sh.
+
+ The following is an *unofficial* patch to bash-2.0 that causes it
+ to not require `-p' to run setuid or setgid if invoked as `sh'.
+ It has been reported to work on Linux. It will make your system
+ vulnerable to bogus system(3) calls in setuid executables.
+
+--- ../bash-2.0.orig/shell.c Wed Dec 18 14:16:30 1996
++++ shell.c Fri Mar 7 13:12:03 1997
+@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
+ if (posixly_correct)
+ posix_initialize (posixly_correct);
+
+- if (running_setuid && privileged_mode == 0)
++ if (running_setuid && privileged_mode == 0 && act_like_sh == 0)
+ disable_priv_mode ();
+
+ /* Need to get the argument to a -c option processed in the
+
+8. Some people have asked about binding all of the keys in a PC-keyboard-
+ style numeric keypad to readline functions. Here's something I
+ received from the gnu-win32 list that may help. Insert the following
+ lines into ~/.inputrc:
+
+# home key
+"\e[1~":beginning-of-line
+# insert key
+"\e[2~":kill-whole-line
+# del key
+"\e[3~":delete-char
+# end key
+"\e[4~":end-of-line
+# pgup key
+"\e[5~":history-search-forward
+# pgdn key
+"\e[6~":history-search-backward
+
+9. Hints for building under Minix 2.0 (Contributed by Terry R. McConnell,
+ <tmc@barnyard.syr.edu>)
+
+ The version of /bin/sh distributed with Minix is not up to the job of
+ running the configure script. The easiest solution is to swap /bin/sh
+ with /usr/bin/ash. Then use chmem(1) to increase the memory allocated
+ to /bin/sh. The following settings are known to work:
+
+ text data bss stack memory
+ 63552 9440 3304 65536 141832 /bin/sh
+
+ If you have problems with make or yacc it may be worthwhile first to
+ install the GNU versions of these utilities before attempting to build
+ bash. (As of this writing, all of these utilities are available for the
+ i386 as pre-built binaries via anonymous ftp at math.syr.edu in the
+ pub/mcconnell/minix directory. Note that the GNU version of yacc is called
+ bison.)
+
+ Unless you want to see lots of warnings about old-style declarations,
+ do LOCAL_CFLAGS=-wo; export LOCAL_CFLAGS before running configure.
+ (These warnings are harmless, but annoying.)
+
+ configure will insist that you supply a host type. For example, do
+ ./configure --host=i386-pc-minix.
+
+ Minix does not support the system calls required for a proper
+ implementation of ulimit(). The `ulimit' builtin will not be available.
+
+ Configure will fail to notice that many things like uid_t are indeed
+ typedef'd in <sys/types.h>, because it uses egrep for this purpose
+ and minix has no egrep. You could try making a link /usr/bin/egrep -->
+ /usr/bin/grep. Better is to install the GNU version of grep in
+ /usr/local/bin and make the link /usr/local/bin/egrep -->/usr/local/bin/grep.
+ (These must be hard links, of course, since Minix does not support
+ symbolic links.)
+
+ You will see many warnings of the form:
+ warning: unknown s_type: 98
+ I have no idea what this means, but it doesn't seem to matter.
+
+10. If you do not have /usr/ccs/bin in your PATH when building on SunOS 5.x
+ (Solaris 2), the configure script will be unable to find `ar' and
+ `ranlib' (of course, ranlib is unnecessary). Make sure your $PATH
+ includes /usr/ccs/bin on SunOS 5.x. This generally manifests itself
+ with libraries not being built and make reporting errors like
+ `cr: not found' when library construction is attempted.
+
+11. Building a statically-linked bash on Solaris 2.5.x, 2.6, 7, or 8 is
+ complicated.
+
+ It's not possible to build a completely statically-linked binary, since
+ part of the C library depends on dynamic linking. The following recipe
+ assumes that you're using gcc and the Solaris ld (/usr/ccs/bin/ld) on
+ Solaris 2.5.x or 2.6:
+
+ configure --enable-static-link
+ make STATIC_LD= LOCAL_LIBS='-Wl,-B,dynamic -ldl -Wl,-B,static'
+
+ This should result in a bash binary that depends only on libdl.so:
+
+ thor(2)$ ldd bash
+ libdl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.1
+
+ If you're using the Sun C Compiler (Sun WorkShop C Compiler version
+ 4.2 was what I used), you should be able to get away with using
+
+ configure --enable-static-link
+ make STATIC_LD= LOCAL_LIBS='-B dynamic -ldl -B static'
+
+ If you want to completely remove any dependence on /usr, perhaps
+ to put a copy of bash in /sbin and have it available when /usr is
+ not mounted, force the build process to use the shared dl.so library
+ in /etc/lib.
+
+ For gcc, this would be something like
+
+ configure --enable-static-link
+ make STATIC_LD= LOCAL_LIBS='-Wl,-B,dynamic -Wl,-R/etc/lib -ldl -Wl,-B,static'
+
+ For Sun's WS4.2 cc
+
+ configure --enable-static-link
+ make STATIC_LD= LOCAL_LIBS='-B dynamic -R/etc/lib -ldl -B static'
+
+ seems to work, at least on Solaris 2.5.1:
+
+ thor(2)$ ldd bash
+ libdl.so.1 => /etc/lib/libdl.so.1
+
+ On Solaris 7 (Solaris 8, using the version of gcc on the free software
+ CD-ROM), the following recipe appears to work for gcc:
+
+ configure --enable-static-link
+ make STATIC_LD='-Wl,-Bstatic' LOCAL_LIBS='-Wl,-Bdynamic -Wl,-R/etc/lib -ldl -Wl,-Bstatic'
+
+ thor.ins.cwru.edu(2)$ ldd bash
+ libdl.so.1 => /etc/lib/libdl.so.1
+
+ Make the analogous changes if you are running Sun's C Compiler.
+
+ I have received word that adding -L/etc/lib (or the equivalent
+ -Wl,-L/etc/lib) might also be necessary, in addition to the -R/etc/lib.
+
+ On later versions of Solaris, it may be necessary to add -lnsl before
+ -ldl; statically-linked versions of bash using libnsl are not guaranteed
+ to work correctly on future versions of Solaris.
+
+12. Configuring bash to build it in a cross environment. Currently only
+ two native versions can be compiled this way, cygwin32 and x86 BeOS.
+ For BeOS, you would configure it like this:
+
+ export RANLIB=i586-beos-ranlib
+ export AR=i586-beos-ar
+ export CC=i586-beos-gcc
+ configure i586-beos
+
+ Similarly for cygwin32.
+
+13. Bash-2.05 has reverted to the bash-2.03 behavior of honoring the current
+ locale setting when processing ranges within pattern matching bracket
+ expressions ([A-Z]). This is what POSIX.2 and SUSv2 specify.
+
+ The behavior of the matcher in bash-2.05 depends on the current LC_COLLATE
+ setting. Setting this variable to `C' or `POSIX' will result in the
+ traditional behavior ([A-Z] matches all uppercase ASCII characters).
+ Many other locales, including the en_US locale (the default on many US
+ versions of Linux) collate the upper and lower case letters like this:
+
+ AaBb...Zz
+
+ which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `z'.
+
+ The portable way to specify upper case letters is [:upper:] instead of
+ A-Z; lower case may be specified as [:lower:] instead of a-z.
+
+ Look at the manual pages for setlocale(3), strcoll(3), and, if it is
+ present, locale(1). If you have locale(1), you can use it to find
+ your current locale information even if you do not have any of the
+ LC_ variables set.
+
+ My advice is to put
+
+ export LC_COLLATE=C
+
+ into /etc/profile and inspect any shell scripts run from cron for
+ constructs like [A-Z]. This will prevent things like
+
+ rm [A-Z]*
+
+ from removing every file in the current directory except those beginning
+ with `z' and still allow individual users to change the collation order.
+ Users may put the above command into their own profiles as well, of course.
+
+14. Building on Interix (nee OpenNT), which Microsoft bought from Softway
+ Systems and has seemingly abandoned (thanks to Kevin Moore for this item).
+
+ 1. cp cross-build/opennt.cache config.cache
+
+ 2. If desired, edit pathnames.h to set the values of SYS_PROFILE and
+ DEFAULT_HOSTS_FILE appropriately.
+
+ 3. export CONFIG_SHELL=$INTERIX_ROOT/bin/sh
+
+ 4. ./configure --prefix=$INTERIX_ROOT/usr/local (or wherever you
+ want it).
+
+ 5. make; make install; enjoy
+
+15. Configure with `CC=xlc' if you don't have gcc on AIX 4.2 and later
+ versions. `xlc' running in `cc' mode has trouble compiling error.c.
+
+16. Configure --disable-multibyte on NetBSD versions (1.4 through at least
+ 1.6.1) that include wctype.h but do not define wctype_t.
+
+17. Do NOT use bison-1.75. It builds a non-working parser. The most
+ obvious effect is that constructs like "for i; do echo $i; done" don't
+ loop over the positional parameters.
+
+18. I have received reports that using -O2 with the MIPSpro results in a
+ binary that fails in strange ways. Using -O1 seems to work.
interpret any arguments to `echo' as options. Each argument is
displayed, after escape characters are converted.
+ 42. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
+ and `-f' options.
+
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
extern int remember_on_history;
extern int enable_history_list; /* value for `set -o history' */
+extern int literal_history; /* controlled by `shopt lithist' */
+extern int force_append_history;
extern int history_lines_this_session;
extern int history_lines_in_file;
extern int history_expansion;
extern int remember_on_history;
extern int enable_history_list; /* value for `set -o history' */
+extern int literal_history; /* controlled by `shopt lithist' */
extern int history_lines_this_session;
extern int history_lines_in_file;
extern int history_expansion;
extern void bash_history_enable __P((void));
extern void bash_clear_history __P((void));
extern int bash_delete_histent __P((int));
+extern int bash_delete_last_history __P((void));
extern void load_history __P((void));
extern void save_history __P((void));
extern int maybe_append_history __P((char *));
#include "common.h"
#include "bashgetopt.h"
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "../bashhist.h"
+#endif
+
#define UNSETOPT 0
#define SETOPT 1
extern int extended_glob;
#endif
-#if defined (HISTORY)
-extern int literal_history, command_oriented_history;
-extern int force_append_history;
-#endif
-
#if defined (READLINE)
extern int hist_verify, history_reediting, perform_hostname_completion;
extern int no_empty_command_completion;
#include "common.h"
#include "bashgetopt.h"
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "../bashhist.h"
+#endif
+
#define UNSETOPT 0
#define SETOPT 1
{ "cmdhist", &command_oriented_history, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
#endif
{ "compat31", &shopt_compat31, set_compatibility_level },
+ { "dirspell", &dircomplete_spelling, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
{ "dotglob", &glob_dot_filenames, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
{ "execfail", &no_exit_on_failed_exec, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
{ "expand_aliases", &expand_aliases, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
of the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be and u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl commands is the exit status of the last
d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt command executed, or zero if none was executed.
+ C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs
+ A _\bc_\bo_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs is a shell command preceded by the c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc reserved word. A
+ coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+ had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
+ established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+
+ The format for a coprocess is:
+
+ c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc [_\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs]
+
+ This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the
+ default name is _\bC_\bO_\bP_\bR_\bO_\bC. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates
+ an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of the
+ executing shell. The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a
+ pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file
+ descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
+ that file descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established
+ before any redirections specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell
+ commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process
+ id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the
+ value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin command may be used
+ to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+
+ The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
+
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl F\bFu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn D\bDe\bef\bfi\bin\bni\bit\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN )\b) is performed when the
variable is assigned a value.
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ attribute is disabled.
-\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
- supplied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
- supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
- option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
- reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
- value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
- as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
+ as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
order, to $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an i\bif\bf statement, part of a command
- executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, any command in a pipeline
- but the last, or if the command's return value is being
- inverted via !\b!. Failing simple commands that are part
- of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
- or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an i\bif\bf statement, part of a command
+ executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, any command in a pipeline
+ but the last, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. Failing simple commands that are part
+ of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
+ or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
cause the shell to exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is exe-
cuted before the shell exits.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
- If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
- id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
- option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
+ variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
+ If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
+ id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
effective user id is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp
- option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+ option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective
- user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
+ user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param-
- eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
+ eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not
interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
mand's =~ operator.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bRO\bOR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a filename expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
- case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
_\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
- description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
- details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
- the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
- non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
- E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
- command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
- inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
+ details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
+ non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
+ E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+ command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .\b.
- or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
- entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
+ or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
+ entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
- a child process when it is created. The return status is false
+ a child process when it is created. The return status is false
if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
- properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
- Commands inside of $\b$(\b(...)\b) command substitution are not parsed until
- substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some
+ Commands inside of $\b$(\b(...)\b) command substitution are not parsed until
+ substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some
time after the command is entered. For example, unmatched parentheses,
- even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the
+ even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the
construct is being read.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
+ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
+
-GNU Bash-4.0 2008 June 29 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash-4.0 2008 July 6 BASH(1)
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell.
The character
.B %
-introduces a job name. Job number
+introduces a job specification (\fIjobspec\fP). Job number
.I n
may be referred to as
.BR %n .
and redirections using standard word expansions.
The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
available as the value of the variable \fINAME\fP_PID.
+The \fBwait\fP
+builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
.PP
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of \fIcommand\fP.
.SS Shell Function Definitions
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 June 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 July 6<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
none was executed.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAP"> </A>
+<H4>Coprocesses</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+A <I>coprocess</I> is a shell command preceded by the <B>coproc</B> reserved
+word.
+A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+had been terminated with the <B>&</B> control operator, with a two-way pipe
+established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+<P>
+
+The format for a coprocess is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>coproc</B> [<I>NAME</I>] <I>command</I> [<I>redirections</I>]
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+This creates a coprocess named <I>NAME</I>.
+If <I>NAME</I> is not supplied, the default name is <I>COPROC</I>.
+When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
+<B>Arrays</B>
+
+below) named <I>NAME</I> in the context of the executing shell.
+The standard output of
+<I>command</I>
+
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <I>NAME</I>[0].
+The standard input of
+<I>command</I>
+
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <I>NAME</I>[1].
+This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
+command (see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REDIRECTION</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
+and redirections using standard word expansions.
+The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
+available as the value of the variable <I>NAME</I>_PID.
+The <B>wait</B>
+builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+<P>
+
+The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <I>command</I>.
+<A NAME="lbAQ"> </A>
<H4>Shell Function Definitions</H4>
<P>
</FONT>
below.)
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbAQ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAR"> </A>
<H3>COMMENTS</H3>
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
<B>interactive_comments</B>
option is on by default in interactive shells.
-<A NAME="lbAR"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAS"> </A>
<H3>QUOTING</H3>
<I>Quoting</I> is used to remove the special meaning of certain
is ignored.
If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
double-quoted.
-<A NAME="lbAS"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
<H3>PARAMETERS</H3>
A
associative array.
When applied to a string-valued variable, <I>value</I> is expanded and
appended to the variable's value.
-<A NAME="lbAT"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAU"> </A>
<H4>Positional Parameters</H4>
<P>
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbAU"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAV"> </A>
<H4>Special Parameters</H4>
<P>
currently being checked.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbAV"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAW"> </A>
<H4>Shell Variables</H4>
<P>
parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbAW"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAX"> </A>
<H4>Arrays</H4>
<B>Bash</B>
builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
reused as assignments.
-<A NAME="lbAX"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAY"> </A>
<H3>EXPANSION</H3>
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>).
</FONT>
-<A NAME="lbAY"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbAZ"> </A>
<H4>Brace Expansion</H4>
<P>
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbAZ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBA"> </A>
<H4>Tilde Expansion</H4>
<P>
</FONT>
and the shell assigns the expanded value.
-<A NAME="lbBA"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBB"> </A>
<H4>Parameter Expansion</H4>
<P>
the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbBB"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBC"> </A>
<H4>Command Substitution</H4>
<P>
If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
-<A NAME="lbBC"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBD"> </A>
<H4>Arithmetic Expansion</H4>
<P>
<B>bash</B>
prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
-<A NAME="lbBD"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBE"> </A>
<H4>Process Substitution</H4>
<P>
simultaneously with parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution,
and arithmetic expansion.
-<A NAME="lbBE"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBF"> </A>
<H4>Word Splitting</H4>
<P>
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
is performed.
-<A NAME="lbBF"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBG"> </A>
<H4>Pathname Expansion</H4>
<P>
</DL></DL>
-<A NAME="lbBG"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBH"> </A>
<H4>Quote Removal</H4>
<P>
and <B>"</B> that did not result from one of the above
expansions are removed.
-<A NAME="lbBH"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBI"> </A>
<H3>REDIRECTION</H3>
Before a command is executed, its input and output
Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
internally.
-<A NAME="lbBI"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBJ"> </A>
<H4>Redirecting Input</H4>
<P>
[<I>n</I>]<B><</B><I>word</I>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbBJ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBK"> </A>
<H4>Redirecting Output</H4>
<P>
builtin command is not enabled, the redirection is attempted even
if the file named by <I>word</I> exists.
-<A NAME="lbBK"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBL"> </A>
<H4>Appending Redirected Output</H4>
<P>
<P>
-<A NAME="lbBL"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBM"> </A>
<H4>Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</H4>
<P>
<P>
-<A NAME="lbBM"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBN"> </A>
<H4>Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</H4>
<P>
<B>>></B><I>word</I> 2<B>>&</B>1
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbBN"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBO"> </A>
<H4>Here Documents</H4>
<P>
This allows
here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
natural fashion.
-<A NAME="lbBO"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBP"> </A>
<H4>Here Strings</H4>
A variant of here documents, the format is:
The <I>word</I> is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
input.
-<A NAME="lbBP"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBQ"> </A>
<H4>Duplicating File Descriptors</H4>
<P>
As a special case, if <I>n</I> is omitted, and <I>word</I> does not
expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
-<A NAME="lbBQ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBR"> </A>
<H4>Moving File Descriptors</H4>
<P>
<I>n</I>,
or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <I>n</I> is not specified.
-<A NAME="lbBR"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBS"> </A>
<H4>Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</H4>
<P>
<I>n</I>
is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
-<A NAME="lbBS"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBT"> </A>
<H3>ALIASES</H3>
<I>Aliases</I> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by
shell functions.
-<A NAME="lbBT"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBU"> </A>
<H3>FUNCTIONS</H3>
A shell function, defined as described above under
Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number
of recursive calls.
-<A NAME="lbBU"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBV"> </A>
<H3>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</H3>
The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under
Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
rules above.
-<A NAME="lbBV"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBW"> </A>
<H3>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</H3>
Conditional expressions are used by the <B>[[</B> compound command and
may be positive or negative integers.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbBW"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBX"> </A>
<H3>SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</H3>
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
-<A NAME="lbBX"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBY"> </A>
<H3>COMMAND EXECUTION</H3>
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed
by the name of the program, followed by the command
arguments, if any.
-<A NAME="lbBY"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBZ"> </A>
<H3>COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</H3>
The shell has an <I>execution environment</I>, which consists of the
default standard input for the command is the empty file <I>/dev/null</I>.
Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
shell as modified by redirections.
-<A NAME="lbBZ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCA"> </A>
<H3>ENVIRONMENT</H3>
When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
is set to the full file name of the command and passed to that
command in its environment.
-<A NAME="lbCA"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCB"> </A>
<H3>EXIT STATUS</H3>
<P>
executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits
with a non-zero value. See also the <B>exit</B> builtin
command below.
-<A NAME="lbCB"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCC"> </A>
<H3>SIGNALS</H3>
When <B>bash</B> is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will
cause the <B>wait</B> builtin to return immediately with an exit status
greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
-<A NAME="lbCC"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCD"> </A>
<H3>JOB CONTROL</H3>
<I>Job control</I>
If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped
jobs are terminated.
-<A NAME="lbCD"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCE"> </A>
<H3>PROMPTING</H3>
When executing interactively,
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbCE"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCF"> </A>
<H3>READLINE</H3>
This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbCF"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCG"> </A>
<H4>Readline Notation</H4>
<P>
accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once.
Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text
on the kill ring.
-<A NAME="lbCG"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCH"> </A>
<H4>Readline Initialization</H4>
<P>
In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <I>macro</I>).
-<A NAME="lbCH"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCI"> </A>
<H4>Readline Key Bindings</H4>
<P>
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbCI"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCJ"> </A>
<H4>Readline Variables</H4>
<P>
completions.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCJ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCK"> </A>
<H4>Readline Conditional Constructs</H4>
<P>
</DL>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCK"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCL"> </A>
<H4>Searching</H4>
<P>
Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
-<A NAME="lbCL"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCM"> </A>
<H4>Readline Command Names</H4>
<P>
position, and <I>mark</I> refers to a cursor position saved by the
<B>set-mark</B> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <I>region</I>.
-<A NAME="lbCM"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCN"> </A>
<H4>Commands for Moving</H4>
<P>
Refresh the current line.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCN"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCO"> </A>
<H4>Commands for Manipulating the History</H4>
<P>
and <I>emacs</I> as the editor, in that order.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCO"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCP"> </A>
<H4>Commands for Changing Text</H4>
<P>
before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCP"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCQ"> </A>
<H4>Killing and Yanking</H4>
<P>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCQ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCR"> </A>
<H4>Numeric Arguments</H4>
<P>
argument count sixteen, and so on.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCR"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCS"> </A>
<H4>Completing</H4>
<P>
above).
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCS"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCT"> </A>
<H4>Keyboard Macros</H4>
<P>
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCT"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCU"> </A>
<H4>Miscellaneous</H4>
<P>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCU"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCV"> </A>
<H4>Programmable Completion</H4>
<P>
to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
the value of the <B>mark-directories</B> readline variable, regardless
of the setting of the <B>mark-symlinked-directories</B> readline variable.
-<A NAME="lbCV"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCW"> </A>
<H3>HISTORY</H3>
When the
</FONT>
for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
-<A NAME="lbCW"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCX"> </A>
<H3>HISTORY EXPANSION</H3>
<P>
The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
-<A NAME="lbCX"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCY"> </A>
<H4>Event Designators</H4>
<P>
The entire command line typed so far.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCY"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCZ"> </A>
<H4>Word Designators</H4>
<P>
If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
-<A NAME="lbCZ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDA"> </A>
<H4>Modifiers</H4>
<P>
Apply the following `<B>s</B>' modifier once to each word in the event line.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbDA"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDB"> </A>
<H3>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</H3>
is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop
(the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed.
The return value is 0 unless <I>n</I> is not greater than or equal to 1.
-<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-aAfFirtx</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
-<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-aAfFirtx</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
Declare variables and/or give them attributes.
If no <I>name</I>s are given then display the values of variables.
</FONT>
is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
+<DT><B>-l</B>
+
+<DD>
+When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
+converted to lower-case.
+The upper-case attribute is disabled.
<DT><B>-r</B>
<DD>
Traced functions inherit the <B>DEBUG</B> and <B>RETURN</B> traps from
the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
+<DT><B>-u</B>
+
+<DD>
+When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are
+converted to upper-case.
+The lower-case attribute is disabled.
<DT><B>-x</B>
<DD>
</FONT>
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <B>read</B>
-times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to
-<B>-u</B>.
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
+invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <B>-u</B>.
</DL>
<DT><B>readonly</B> [<B>-aApf</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>word</I>] ...]<DD>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbDB"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDC"> </A>
<H3>RESTRICTED SHELL</H3>
script.
-<A NAME="lbDC"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDD"> </A>
<H3>SEE ALSO</H3>
<DT><I>readline</I>(3)<DD>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbDD"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDE"> </A>
<H3>FILES</H3>
Individual <I>readline</I> initialization file
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbDE"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDF"> </A>
<H3>AUTHORS</H3>
Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
<BR>
<A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.cwru.edu</A>
-<A NAME="lbDF"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDG"> </A>
<H3>BUG REPORTS</H3>
If you find a bug in
this manual page should be directed to
<I><A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.cwru.edu</A></I>.
-<A NAME="lbDG"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDH"> </A>
<H3>BUGS</H3>
<P>
<P>
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
+<P>
+
+There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 June 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 July 6<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAM">Pipelines</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAN">Lists</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAO">Compound Commands</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAP">Shell Function Definitions</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAP">Coprocesses</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAQ">Shell Function Definitions</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAQ">COMMENTS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAR">QUOTING</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAS">PARAMETERS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAR">COMMENTS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAS">QUOTING</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAT">PARAMETERS</A><DD>
<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAT">Positional Parameters</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAU">Special Parameters</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAV">Shell Variables</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAW">Arrays</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAU">Positional Parameters</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAV">Special Parameters</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAW">Shell Variables</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAX">Arrays</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAX">EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAY">EXPANSION</A><DD>
<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAY">Brace Expansion</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbAZ">Tilde Expansion</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBA">Parameter Expansion</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBB">Command Substitution</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBC">Arithmetic Expansion</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBD">Process Substitution</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBE">Word Splitting</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBF">Pathname Expansion</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBG">Quote Removal</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbAZ">Brace Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBA">Tilde Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBB">Parameter Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBC">Command Substitution</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBD">Arithmetic Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBE">Process Substitution</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBF">Word Splitting</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBG">Pathname Expansion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBH">Quote Removal</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBH">REDIRECTION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBI">REDIRECTION</A><DD>
<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBI">Redirecting Input</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBJ">Redirecting Output</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBK">Appending Redirected Output</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBL">Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBM">Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBN">Here Documents</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBO">Here Strings</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBP">Duplicating File Descriptors</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBQ">Moving File Descriptors</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBR">Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBJ">Redirecting Input</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBK">Redirecting Output</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBL">Appending Redirected Output</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBM">Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBN">Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBO">Here Documents</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBP">Here Strings</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBQ">Duplicating File Descriptors</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBR">Moving File Descriptors</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBS">Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBS">ALIASES</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBT">FUNCTIONS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBU">ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBV">CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBW">SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBX">COMMAND EXECUTION</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBY">COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBZ">ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCA">EXIT STATUS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCB">SIGNALS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCC">JOB CONTROL</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCD">PROMPTING</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCE">READLINE</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBT">ALIASES</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBU">FUNCTIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBV">ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBW">CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBX">SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBY">COMMAND EXECUTION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBZ">COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCA">ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCB">EXIT STATUS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCC">SIGNALS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCD">JOB CONTROL</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCE">PROMPTING</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCF">READLINE</A><DD>
<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCF">Readline Notation</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCG">Readline Initialization</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCH">Readline Key Bindings</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCI">Readline Variables</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCJ">Readline Conditional Constructs</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCK">Searching</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCL">Readline Command Names</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCM">Commands for Moving</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCN">Commands for Manipulating the History</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCO">Commands for Changing Text</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCP">Killing and Yanking</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCQ">Numeric Arguments</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCR">Completing</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCS">Keyboard Macros</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCT">Miscellaneous</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCU">Programmable Completion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCG">Readline Notation</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCH">Readline Initialization</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCI">Readline Key Bindings</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCJ">Readline Variables</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCK">Readline Conditional Constructs</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCL">Searching</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCM">Readline Command Names</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCN">Commands for Moving</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCO">Commands for Manipulating the History</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCP">Commands for Changing Text</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCQ">Killing and Yanking</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCR">Numeric Arguments</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCS">Completing</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCT">Keyboard Macros</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCU">Miscellaneous</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCV">Programmable Completion</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCV">HISTORY</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCW">HISTORY EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCW">HISTORY</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCX">HISTORY EXPANSION</A><DD>
<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCX">Event Designators</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCY">Word Designators</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCZ">Modifiers</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCY">Event Designators</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCZ">Word Designators</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDA">Modifiers</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDA">SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDB">RESTRICTED SHELL</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDC">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDD">FILES</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDE">AUTHORS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDF">BUG REPORTS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDG">BUGS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDB">SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDC">RESTRICTED SHELL</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDD">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDE">FILES</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDF">AUTHORS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDG">BUG REPORTS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDH">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
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(w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1
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-(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 182.4 R .902
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(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F
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-(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 194.4 R
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1.178(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179
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(x, the +=)-.15 F .257
-(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 247.2 R(ariable')
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2.889(sc)-.55 G .389(urrent v)-2.889 F .389(alue, which is also e)-.25 F
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(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142
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-(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 345.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144
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--.25 F F1(bash)3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F
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+(only when in)4.024 F -.15(ex)144 561.6 S(tended deb).15 E
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+(w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144
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(The)5.98 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at th\
-e top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 369.6 R
-1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 381.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)
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6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424
-(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F1 -.3(BA)144
-393.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 6.091(.T)C 1.091(he shell sets)-6.091 F F1 -.3
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(BA)3.591 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(only when in e)3.591 F 1.091
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-(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 429.6 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
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+(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 657.6 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
.667(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal\
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1.243(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243
(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F
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+717.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E
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-(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 621.6 R .007
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(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15
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(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15
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-(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E F0(belo)3.154 E .654
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+(ORDS)-.1 E F0 .654(An array v)144 148.8 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1
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(rds are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser w).1 F 1.067
-(ould separate them.)-.1 F(This)6.067 E -.25(va)144 608.4 S .004
+(ould separate them.)-.1 F(This)6.067 E -.25(va)144 172.8 S .004
(riable is a).25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .004(ilable only in shell functions in)
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(he programmable completion f)-2.504 F .003(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)
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-(DIRST)108 637.2 Q -.55(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 649.2 R
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2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26
(w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F
-1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 661.2 R 3.594
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(ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25
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-.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EUID)108 84 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)11
-F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user)
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+(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 273.6 Q F1(EUID)108
+290.4 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)
+-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103
+(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103
+(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 302.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 319.2 Q
+(AME)-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 331.2 R .479
(ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e)
-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277
-(The element with inde)144 136.8 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G
+(The element with inde)144 343.2 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G
.276(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F
-.25(element is)144 148.8 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C
+.25(element is)144 355.2 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C
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(xists only when a shell function is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.75
-(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)144
-160.8 Q(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.635 E .685 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.885(oe).15 G
--.25(ff)-2.885 G .385(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.385 E
-F3(FUNCN)2.885 E(AME)-.18 E F0 .384(is unset, it loses its special)2.634
-F(properties, e)144 172.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G
-2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 189.6 Q
-(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228(An array v)144 201.6 R 1.228(ariable containing th\
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--.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E .597(ments to)144 213.6 R F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27
-E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G
-.597(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F3(GR)3.097 E
-(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F
-(cial properties, e)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5
-G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108
-242.4 Q F0 .355(The history number)144 254.4 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)
--2.855 G(nde)-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356
-(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3
+(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F2(FUNCN)144 367.2 Q(AME)-.18 E F0
+(ha)2.635 E .685 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.885(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.885 G .385
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+-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 396 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228
+(An array v)144 408 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\
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-(loses its special properties, e)144 266.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
+(loses its special properties, e)144 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1
-(HOSTN)108 283.2 Q(AME)-.2 E F0
-(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 295.2 Q F1
-(HOSTTYPE)108 312 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\
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-.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 336 R(def)
-2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 352.8 Q F0 1.408(Ea\
-ch time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal n\
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-(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 388.8 R .306
-(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E
-F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F
-(special properties, e)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)
+(HOSTN)108 489.6 Q(AME)-.2 E F0
+(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 501.6 Q F1
+(HOSTTYPE)108 518.4 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\
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+1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\
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+ number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 583.2 R
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+(special properties, e)144 607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)
-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108
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-(OPT)108 487.2 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 499.2 R 1.627
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4.152(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15
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-(OSTYPE)108 568.8 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describe\
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-2.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 592.8 Q
-(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 609.6 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US)
-.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 621.6 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)
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-(the most-recently-e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E
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-(PPID)108 650.4 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
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-(RANDOM)108 684 Q F0 .565
-(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 696 R .566
+(RANDOM)108 240 Q F0 .565
+(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 252 R .566
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-(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 708
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-(Set to the line of input read by the)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E
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-E F1(SECONDS)108 112.8 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referenced\
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-(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 136.8 R .712
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+-2.5 E F1(REPL)108 292.8 Q(Y)-.92 E F0
+(Set to the line of input read by the)144 304.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad)
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(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 F .407
-(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 148.8 R .408
+(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 357.6 R .408
(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408
-(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 160.8 Q -.15
+(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 369.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
-(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 177.6 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144
-189.6 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763
+(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 386.4 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144
+398.4 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763
(Each w)5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F
-.763(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 201.6 Q F0 1.173(option to the)
+.763(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 410.4 Q F0 1.173(option to the)
3.673 F F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F
F2 1.174(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)
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R F2(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0
5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019
-(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 225.6 Q F1(bash)
+(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 434.4 Q F1(bash)
3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\
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-254.4 Q(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144
-266.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 283.2 Q F0
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(Expands to the user ID of the current user)17.67 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G
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-E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 300 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994
+E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 508.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994
(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1
(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993
-(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 312 Q
--.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 328.8 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505
-(If this parameter is set when)144 340.8 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e)
+(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 520.8
+Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 537.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505
+(If this parameter is set when)144 549.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e)
3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506
(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355
-(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 352.8 R F4
+(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 561.6 R F4
(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354
(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)
-2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 364.8 R .525
+2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 573.6 R .525
(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525
-(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 376.8 Q
+(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214le name.)144 585.6 Q
F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0
(is not used to search for the resultant \214le name.)2.25 E F1(CDP)108
-388.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144
-400.8 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247
+597.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144
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(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795
-(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 412.8 R
+(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 621.6 R
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-(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 424.8 Q F0(.)A F1
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(rrides the v).15 F .764(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.264 E F0 .764(and an)
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-.764(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 708 Q(.)-.65 E
-(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E(13)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)108 84 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)
-144 96 R .412(ariable determines the collation order used when sorting \
-the results of pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464
-(and determines the beha)144 108 R 1.464(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465
-(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.465
-(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 120
-Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 132 Q F0 1.936
-(This v)144 144 R 1.936
+.764(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1
+(LC_COLLA)108 300 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 312 R .412(ariable det\
+ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e)
+-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 324 R 1.464
+(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
+1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144
+336 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 348 Q F0
+1.936(This v)144 360 R 1.936
(ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F
-1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 156 Q
-(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 168 Q(GES)-.55 E
-F0(This v)144 180 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\
+1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 372 Q
+(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 384 Q(GES)-.55 E
+F0(This v)144 396 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\
ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC)
-108 192 Q F0(This v)144 204 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E
-(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 216 Q F0 1.218
+108 408 Q F0(This v)144 420 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E
+(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 432 Q F0 1.218
(Used by the)5.99 F F1(select)3.718 E F0 -.2(bu)3.718 G 1.219(iltin com\
mand to determine the column length for printing selection lists.).2 F
-(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 228 Q F1(MAIL)108 240
-Q F0 .188(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F/F2 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAILP)2.687 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)
-2.437 G .187(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.687 E F0 .187
-(informs the user)2.687 F(of the arri)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo)
-.25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F1(MAILCHECK)
-108 264 Q F0 .098(Speci\214es ho)144 276 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098
-(ften \(in seconds\))-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)
-2.598 F .098(The def)5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099
-(When it is time)5.099 F .224(to check for mail, the shell does so befo\
-re displaying the primary prompt.)144 288 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223
-(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066(or set to a v)144 300 R .066(alue that i\
-s not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail c\
-hecking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108 312 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.815(Ac)
-144 324 S .314(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.815 F
-.314(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F
-(arri)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\
+(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 444 Q F1(MAIL)108 456
+Q F0 .188(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F F2
+(MAILP)2.687 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.437 G .187
+(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.687 E F0 .187(informs the user)2.687
+F(of the arri)144 468 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G
+(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 480 Q F0 .098
+(Speci\214es ho)144 492 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\))
+-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def)
+5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224
+(to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\
+mpt.)144 504 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066
+(or set to a v)144 516 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\
+ equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108
+528 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.815(Ac)144 540 S .314
+(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.815 F .314
+(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F
+(arri)144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\
ular \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214le name from the m\
-essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 348 R .308(used in the te)
+essage with a)-3.42 F 2.808(`?'. When)144 564 R .308(used in the te)
2.808 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G
.308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.307 E
-(ple:)144 360 Q F1(MAILP)144 372 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A
+(ple:)144 576 Q F1(MAILP)144 588 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A
(ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
-(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 384 Q F0 .388
+(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 600 Q F0 .388
(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F
.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389
(ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F
-(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 396 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0
-(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 408 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 420 R .39(alue 1,)
+(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 612 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0
+(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 624 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 636 R .39(alue 1,)
-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)
2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2
-F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 432 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0
+F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 648 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0
(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36
(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.)
-.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 456 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588
+(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 660 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.)
+.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 672 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588
(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .587
(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks)
-5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 468 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION)
+5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 684 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION)
2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472
-(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 480 S
+(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 696 S
.345(lue of).25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.845 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .345
(indicates the current directory)2.845 F 5.345(.A)-.65 G .344
(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 2.844(oa)-.1 G(djacent)
--2.844 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 492 R .868
+-2.844 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 708 R .868
(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the)
--.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 504 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0
-31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10
-/Courier@0 SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 516
-Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 528 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 540
-R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)
-2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-.472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011
-(the startup \214les, as if the)144 552 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0
-(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011
-(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 564 Q F1(bash)2.5
-E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)
--2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 576 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
-(If set, the v)144 588 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR)
-108 600 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
-(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 612 R .676
-(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .34
-(nents to retain when e)144 624 R .34(xpanding the)-.15 F F1 .339
-(\\w and \\W pr)2.84 F .339(ompt string escapes \(see)-.18 F F2(PR)2.839
-E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.589 E(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 636 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)
-108 648 Q F0 .064(The v)19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F
-.065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E
-.065(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 660 R
-(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 672 Q F0 .005(The v)19.33 F .005
-(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .005(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1)
-2.505 E F0 .004(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.505 F(The)
-5.004 E(def)144 684 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
-(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 696 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115
-(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
-3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR)
-144 708 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
-(2008 June 29)147.345 E(14)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+-.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 720 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0
+31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)
+72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E(14)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 1.099(The v)19.33 F 1.099
-(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.099(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1)
-3.599 E F0 1.099(and the v)3.599 F 1.098
-(alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 96 Q F1(bash)3.725 E
+-.35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF
+(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 84 Q F0(.)A/F2
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIXL)108 96 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)
+144 108 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F2
+(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972
+F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 120 R F2(\255\255posix)2.511 E
+F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F
+.011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 132 Q F2(bash)
+2.5 E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5
+(ft)-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F1(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PR)108 144 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
+(If set, the v)144 156 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F2(PR)
+108 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
+(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 180 R .676
+(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .34
+(nents to retain when e)144 192 R .34(xpanding the)-.15 F F2 .339
+(\\w and \\W pr)2.84 F .339(ompt string escapes \(see)-.18 F/F4 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.839 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.589 E(w\).)-.25 E
+(Characters remo)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
+(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F2(PS1)108 216 Q F0 .064(The v)
+19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15
+F F4(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065
+(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 228 R
+(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(PS2)108 240 Q F0 .005(The v)19.33 F .005
+(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .005(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
+2.505 E F0 .004(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.505 F(The)
+5.004 E(def)144 252 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
+(.).74 E F2(PS3)108 264 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115
+(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F2(select)
+3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F4 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR)
+144 276 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(PS4)108 288 Q F0
+1.099(The v)19.33 F 1.099(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.099
+(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)3.599 E F0 1.099(and the v)3.599 F 1.098
+(alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 300 Q F2(bash)3.725 E
F0 1.225(displays during an e)3.725 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.225
-(cution trace.).15 F 1.226(The \214rst character of)6.225 F/F2 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.726 E F0 1.226(is replicated multiple)3.476 F
-(times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G
-(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E
-(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1
-(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132 R
-.664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25
-F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1(bash)
-2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5
-(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 156 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826
-(The v)144 168 R .826
+(cution trace.).15 F 1.226(The \214rst character of)6.225 F F4(PS4)3.726
+E F0 1.226(is replicated multiple)3.476 F(times, as necessary)144 312 Q
+2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F2(+)A F0
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F2(SHELL)108 324 Q F0 .664
+(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 336 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
+.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663
+(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 348 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
+(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55
+G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F2(TIMEFORMA)108 360 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144
+372 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 384 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F2(time)3.149 E F0
(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 192 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
+(The)5.648 E F2(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 396 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 204 Q
-(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 222 Q F0 2.5
-(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 234 Q/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68
-E F1(%[)144 246 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 258 Q
-F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)
-13.34 E F1(%P)144 270 Q F0
-(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87
-(The optional)144 286.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
+(and their meanings are as follo)144 408 Q
+(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F2(%%)144 426 Q F0 2.5
+(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F2(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(%[)144 438 Q F3(p)A F2
+(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F2(%[)144 450 Q F3(p)A
+F2(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F2
+(%[)144 462 Q F3(p)A F2(][l]S)A F0
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F2(%P)144 474 Q
+F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87
+(The optional)144 490.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
-144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
+144 502.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 514.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3
(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
-F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 322.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
+F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 526.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 543.6 R F2(l)3.167 E F0
.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
+3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 555.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001
-(If this v)144 368.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E
-F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.5 E
+(If this v)144 572.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)2.501 E
+F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr)2.5 E
(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144
-380.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F
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(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576
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-(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 160.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
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(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the)
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(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411
-(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 360 Q
-(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 376.8 Q
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+(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 585.6 Q
.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)
--2.5 E .24(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 393.6 R F1(declar)
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2.74 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239
(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108
-405.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0
-(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 422.4 Q 3.575
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(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F
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(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E
F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541
(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056
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(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F
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(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375
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-(within a w)108 494.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759
+(within a w)108 703.2 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759
(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759
(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108
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F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228
(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728
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-(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463
-(lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 554.4 Q
-(The)108 571.2 Q F1(unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267
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(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
-.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 165.6 Q F1 .415
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(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
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F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
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(es the form)-.1 F F2({)2.991 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A
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1.266 -.37(re s).1 H .526(upplied, the e).37 F(xpr)-.2 E .526(ession e)
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(upplied inte)-5.224 F -.1(ge)-.4 G .424 -.1(rs m).1 H .224(ay be pr).1
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(When either x or y be)5.605 F .605(gins with a zer)-.4 F .606
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5.658(.W)-.55 G .658(hen c)-5.658 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E 3.158(sa)-.1
G 1.398 -.37(re s)-3.158 H .657(upplied, the e).37 F(xpr)-.2 E(es-)-.37
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(aphically between x and y)-.15 F 3.184(,i)-.55 G(nclusive)-3.184 E
5.684(.N)-.15 G .684(ote that both x and y must)-5.684 F .758
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.757(ence between eac)-.37 F 3.257(ht)-.15 G 3.257(erm. The)-3.257 F
-(default incr)108 343.2 Q(ement is 1 or -1 as appr)-.37 E(opriate)-.45 E
-(.)-.15 E F0 .581(Brace e)108 360 R .581
+(default incr)108 559.2 Q(ement is 1 or -1 as appr)-.37 E(opriate)-.45 E
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(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)
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(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
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(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
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5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
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(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 448.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
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-(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 494.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25
-G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 506.4 Q(cho)144 518.4 Q
-(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 535.2 R .618
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(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
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-(If strict compatibility with)108 583.2 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
-(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2
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-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 595.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2
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-('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
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-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 660 Q .523
-(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 160.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
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(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 672 Q F4(.)
-A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
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(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
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-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 700.8 R .092
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 249.6 Q .093
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 266.4 R .092
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
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+.526(rt only the \214rst character).15 F 5.526(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.526 E F1
(pattern)3.026 E F0 .526(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.026 F 3.026(ea)
--.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.026(,w)C(hich)-3.026 E 1.282(matches e)144 180 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 1.282(ry character).15 F 6.282(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.282 E F1(par)
-5.032 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.512 E F2(@)3.782 E F0(or)3.782 E F2(*)
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(he case modi\214cation operation is applied to)-3.782 F .465
-(each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R .465
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(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.465 E F1(par)4.215 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F0 .465(is an array)3.695 F -.25(va)144 204 S .143
+(ameter)-.15 E F0 .465(is an array)3.695 F -.25(va)144 453.6 S .143
(riable subscripted with).25 F F2(@)2.643 E F0(or)2.643 E F2(*)2.643 E
F0 2.643(,t)C .143
(he case modi\214cation operation is applied to each member of the)
--2.643 F(array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q
-(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution)87 232.8
-Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 244.8 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697
+-2.643 F(array in turn, and the e)144 465.6 Q
+(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution)87 482.4
+Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697
(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697
-(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 256.8 Q F2($\()144 278.4 Q F1
-(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 290.4 Q F2<92>144 302.4 Q F1(command)
-A F2<92>A(Bash)108 319.2 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019
+(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 528 Q F1
+(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 540 Q F2<92>144 552 Q F1(command)A F2
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(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0
.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768
-(dard output of the command, with an)108 331.2 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768
+(dard output of the command, with an)108 580.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768
(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768
-F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 343.2 Q 3.218
+F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 592.8 Q 3.218
(ym)-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719
(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719
(The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2
-(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 355.2 Q -.25(va)
+(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 604.8 Q -.25(va)
-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E
F2(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \
-is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 372 R(xcept)-.15 E
-.314(when follo)108 384 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2<92>
-2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(he \
-\214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command su\
-b-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 396 R 1.387(using the $\()3.887 F
-F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386
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(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G
3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F
-(mand; none are treated specially)108 408 Q(.)-.65 E .894
-(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 424.8 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H
+(mand; none are treated specially)108 657.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894
+(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 674.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H
.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F
-(quotes with backslashes.)108 436.8 Q .422
-(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 453.6 R .422
+(quotes with backslashes.)108 686.4 Q .422
+(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 703.2 R .422
(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15
-F(on the results.)108 465.6 Q F2(Arithmetic Expansion)87 482.4 Q F0
-1.034(Arithmetic e)108 494.4 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034
-(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F
-1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
-(The format for arithmetic e)108 506.4 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F2($\(\()
-144 523.2 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(\)\))A F0(The)108 540 Q
-F1 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165
+F(on the results.)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675
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+(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F
+-.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035
+(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
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+F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165
(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165
(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074
-(treated specially)108 552 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F 1.074
-(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074(go parameter e)
--.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075(xpansion, command)-.15 F
-(substitution, and quote remo)108 564 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5
-(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379
-(The e)108 580.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378
-(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)
--.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F
-(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
-(If)5.878 E F1 -.2(ex)108 592.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)
-2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F2(Pr)87 609.6 Q
-(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 621.6 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45
-F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F1
-(FIFOs)A F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F2(/de)3.471 E
-(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108
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-(list)A F2(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F2(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F2(\)).833 E
-F0 5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021
-(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 645.6
-R F1(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F2(/de)2.558 E(v/fd)
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+(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075
+(xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 165.6 Q -.25
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+(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971
+(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2(FIFOs)A
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+(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1
+(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021
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-.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar)
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-(mand as the result of the e)108 657.6 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)
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--.15 F F1(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 669.6 Q F2(<\()2.5 E F1(list)A
-F2(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E
-(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F1(list)2.5 E F0
-(.)A .896(When a)108 686.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\
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+(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0
+(.)A .896(When a)108 288 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\
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(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
-(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 698.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)87 84 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143
-(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 96 R 1.142
+(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 300 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
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(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142
-(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 108 Q
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-.22 E .063(The shell treats each character of)108 124.8 R/F3 9
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-(xpansions into w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 136.8
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-(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)4.288 E F0
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-(sequences of)108 148.8 R F1(<space>)2.521 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)2.521 E F0
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+(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 340.8 Q
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+(The shell treats each character of)108 357.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063
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+(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w)
+-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 369.6 R(If)6.789 E F3
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+(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788
+(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 381.6 R F1
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+(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 393.6 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G
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(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585
-(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 172.8 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0
+(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 405.6 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0
1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117
(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617
E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be)
-108 184.8 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315
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(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315
-(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 196.8 Q F0
+(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 429.6 Q F0
1.053(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053
(haracter in)-3.553 F F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3
(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G
(djacent)-3.554 E F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332
-(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 208.8 R 2.832(As)5.332 G
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.332(equence of)-2.832 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331
(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108
-220.8 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E
+453.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E
F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878
-(Explicit null ar)108 237.6 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G
+(Explicit null ar)108 470.4 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G
F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.)
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-(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 249.6 S .177
+(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 482.4 S .177
(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G
.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap)
2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176
-(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 261.6 Q
-(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 278.4 Q
-(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 295.2 S
-(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 307.2 R .37
+(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 494.4 Q
+(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 511.2 Q
+(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 528 S
+(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 540 R .37
(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37
(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F
.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0
2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678
-(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 319.2 R .677
+(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 552 R .677
(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E
F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456
-(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 331.2 R
-1.457(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F
-(option)108 343.2 Q F1(nullglob)3.265 E F0 .765(is disabled, the w)3.265
-F .765(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .765(If the)5.765 F F1(nullglob)
-3.265 E F0 .765(option is set, and no matches are)3.265 F .305
-(found, the w)108 355.2 R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805
-(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305
+(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 564 R 1.457
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(shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F
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-3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428
-E F0 .928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032
-(formed without re)108 379.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032
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+(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 E F0
+.928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032
+(formed without re)108 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032
(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033
(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105
-(the character)108 391.2 R F1 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0
+(the character)108 624 R F1 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0
.105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104
(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G
-(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 403.2 R F1(dotglob)3.387 E F0
+(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 636 R F1(dotglob)3.387 E F0
.887(is set.)3.387 F .888
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-E(under)108 427.2 Q F3 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F(UIL)-.09 E .477
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(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25
F F2(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F3(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE)
-108 468 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matches \
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-108 480 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004(rom the list of matches.)
--2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G
-(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F1 -.63(``)2.503 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0
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-(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045(set and not null.)108 492 R(Ho)
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-(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046(to a non-null v)2.296 F .046
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--2.5 E F0(An)108 561.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \
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--3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 573.6
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-.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 585.6 R .576
-(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya)
--.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 597.6 Q(.)-.65 E
-(The special pattern characters ha)108 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)108 631.2 Q F0 .455
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(Matches an)31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455(tring, including the null string.)
-2.955 F .455(When the)5.455 F F1(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455
(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .576
-(used in a \214lename e)144 643.2 R .576(xpansion conte)-.15 F .575
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(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.075(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.075 E F1(*)3.075 E F0 3.075(su)
C .575(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-3.075 F 1.183
-(and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 655.2 R 1.183
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(If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383
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-(ill match)-3.684 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 667.2 Q F1
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-(sing the cur)-3.29 F(-)-.2 E .35(rent locale')144 715.2 R 2.85(sc)-.55
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G .35(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.85 F .349
(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .349(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.849
-E F0 .563(is a)144 727.2 R F1(!)3.063 E F0 .563(or a)5.563 F F1(^)3.063
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(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .564
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-(may be)2.589 F
-(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 108 Q
--.4(Wi)144 126 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.915 E F0(and)2.915 E F1(])2.915 E F0
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-(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 310.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
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-(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .775(simple command)3.615 F F0(or)4.045 E
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-(ion operator is)108 541.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
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+(ywhere within a)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .86(simple com-)3.7 F
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+(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .284(In the follo)
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+(ion operator is)108 124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012
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(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 553.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+(redirection operator is)108 136.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 570 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+-2.5 E .825(The w)108 153.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772
-(jected to brace e)108 582 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
+(jected to brace e)108 165.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844
-(sion, quote remo)108 594 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843
-(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F
-.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0
-(reports an error)108 606 Q(.)-.55 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 622.8 Q -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 639.6 Q F1(>)2.5
-E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 656.4
-Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144
-673.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .387
-(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 690 R F2(dirlist)2.887 E
-F0 2.887(,b).68 G .388(ecause the standard error w)-2.887 F .388
+(sion, quote remo)108 177.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F
+.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843
+F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0
+(reports an error)108 189.6 Q(.)-.55 E
+(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 206.4 Q -.15
+(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 223.2 Q F2(>)2.5
+E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A
+(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 240 Q
+F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 256.8
+Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .387
+(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 273.6 R F1(dirlist)2.887
+E F0 2.887(,b).68 G .388(ecause the standard error w)-2.887 F .388
(as duplicated as standard output)-.1 F(before the standard output w)108
-702 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108
-718.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599
+285.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108
+302.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599
(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)-.15 G .598
(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E
-(table:)108 730.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E(22)
-197.335 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 23 23
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E
-(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)
-2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stdout)
--.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q
-(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 168 Q F1(/de)
-144 180 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 192 Q F2
-(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+(table:)108 314.4 Q F2(/de)144 331.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A F0(If)180
+343.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5
+<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F2
+(/de)144 355.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180
+367.2 Q F2(/de)144 379.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 391.2 Q F2(/de)144 403.2 Q
+(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 415.2 Q F2(/de)
+144 427.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 439.2 Q
+F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497
(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 204 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 451.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
--.1 E F1(/de)144 216 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)
-180 228 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+-.1 E F2(/de)144 463.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)
+180 475.2 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496
(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 487.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
--.1 E 2.5(Af)108 256.8 S
+-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 504 S
(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E
(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\
-hould be used with care, as the)108 273.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
+hould be used with care, as the)108 520.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F
-(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 285.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
-302.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
+(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 532.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87
+549.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 314.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 326.4 Q F2
+108 561.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
+(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 573.6 Q F1
(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
-(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
+(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 343.2 Q([)144 360 Q F2
-(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Output)
+(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 590.4 Q([)144 607.2 Q
+F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 624 Q(ecting Output)
-.18 E F0 .174
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 388.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
-(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 400.8
-R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+108 636 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
+(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 648 R
+F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
--.15(ex)108 412.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
+-.15(ex)108 660 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 429.6 Q([)144 446.4 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
-(If the redirection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
-.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 475.2 R
-.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
-(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
-5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 487.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
-2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
-F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
-(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
--2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-516 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 528 R .642
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 676.8 Q([)144 693.6 Q
+F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
+(If the redirection operator is)108 710.4 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
+.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F 1.76(will f)108 722.4 R
+1.76(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F 1.759
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.259 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)4.259 G 1.759
+(ists and is a re).15 F 1.759(gular \214le.)-.15 F 1.759(If the)6.759 F
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E(23)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E .594(redirection operator is)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|)
+3.094 E F0 3.094(,o)C 3.094(rt)-3.094 G .594(he redirection operator is)
+-3.094 F F1(>)3.094 E F0 .595(and the)3.094 F F1(noclob)3.095 E(ber)-.1
+E F0 .595(option to the)3.095 F F1(set)3.095 E F0 -.2(bu)3.095 G .595
+(iltin com-).2 F(mand is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
+96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E
+F1 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
+(Redirection of output in this f)108 124.8 R .642
(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 540 R F2(n)2.973 E F0
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 136.8 R F2(n)2.973 E F0
2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0
.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
-552 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
-(The general format for appending output is:)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 607.2 Q
+148.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 165.6 Q([)144 182.4 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 204 Q
(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
-(This construct allo)108 619.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
-\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
--.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-631.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(There are tw)108 648 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(This construct allo)108 216 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\
+e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
+(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 228 Q
+(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108
+244.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1
-(&>)144 664.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 676.8 Q F1(>&)144 688.8 Q
-F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 705.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(&>)144 261.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 273.6 Q F1(>&)144 285.6 Q
+F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 302.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 722.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E(23)197.335
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 319.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
+E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 340.8 S
(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214le\
- descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
-(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 Q
-(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77
-E(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
-124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
-(This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
-(>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87
-192 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection ins\
-tructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line con\
-taining only)108 204 R F2(wor)108.34 216 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .683
+(This construct allo)108 352.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
+-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
+364.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
+381.6 Q F1(&>>)144 398.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+(This is semantically equi)108 415.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
+(>>)144 432 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87
+448.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\
+nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\
+ontaining only)108 460.8 R F2(wor)108.34 472.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .683
(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.953 F .684
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard)
-5.684 F(input for a command.)108 228 Q(The format of here-documents is:)
-108 244.8 Q F1(<<)144 261.6 Q F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
-(her)164 273.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 285.6 Q F0 .128
-(No parameter e)108 302.4 R .127
+5.684 F(input for a command.)108 484.8 Q
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 501.6 Q F1(<<)144 518.4 Q F0([)A
+F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 530.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E
+(delimiter)144 542.4 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 559.2 R .127
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127
(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108
-314.4 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G
+571.2 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G
1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E
F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774
(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n)
-3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905
-(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 326.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
+(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 583.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
-.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904
(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694
-(subjected to parameter e)108 338.4 R .695
+(subjected to parameter e)108 595.2 R .695
(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195
(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F
-(character sequence)108 350.4 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
+(character sequence)108 607.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)
2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
-(If the redirection operator is)108 367.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
-(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 379.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
-(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
+(If the redirection operator is)108 624 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)
+C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
+ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 636 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G
+(his allo)-5 E
(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 396 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(Av)108 408 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1(<<<)
-144 424.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 441.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E
-F0(is e)2.5 E
-(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1
-(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 458.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
-470.4 Q([)144 487.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 504 R(If)5.127 E F2
-(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
+-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 652.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
+2.5(Av)108 664.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1
+(<<<)144 681.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 698.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)
+-.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E
+(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E(24)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 84 Q F0
+(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
+(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 129.6 R(If)5.127 E
+F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-516 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
+141.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 528 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E
F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 540 Q
-(The operator)108 556.8 Q([)144 573.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
+(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q
+(The operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
(d)-.37 E F0 .444
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 590.4 R
-(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If)
+5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 602.4 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)
-4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 614.4 R 2.597
-(as)2.597 G .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096
-(is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)
-2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
-(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 626.4 Q
-(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 643.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 655.2 Q([)144 672 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A
-F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 688.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535
-(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197
+E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\
+ a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.597(as)2.597 G
+.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596
+F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096
+(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
+(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 252 Q
+(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 268.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 280.8 Q([)144 297.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)
+A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G
+.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535
(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)
-3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2
-(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 700.8 Q F2(digit)5
+(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5
E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(Similarly)108 717.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E
-(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E(24)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15
-G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 .286
-(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)
--2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1
-(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 112.8 Q F2
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 129.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 141.6 Q([)144 158.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)
-A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-175.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
+(Similarly)108 343.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
+144 360 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 376.8 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2
+(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
+2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
+.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 405.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)
+A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
+451.2 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor)
-108 187.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
-(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
+108 463.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
+(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 204 Q F1(Aliases)108 216 Q F0(allo)3.174 E
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.174 E
3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 228 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0
-(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 240 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0
+(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
+F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
-F(check)108 252 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
+F(check)108 528 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
-(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
-F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 264 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0
+(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
+F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0
1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
--3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
+-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 276 R 1.119
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 552 R 1.119
(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
-(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 288 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F
+(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F
.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.295(not e)108 300 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2
-(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 312 R
+.295(not e)108 576 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
+.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
+(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 588 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542
-(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne)
--3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 324 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne)
+-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 340.8 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
-(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2
+E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
+(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1
(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284
-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 357.6 R .284
+(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 633.6 R .284
(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E
.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see)
-108 369.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
-(Aliases are not e)108 386.4 R 1.22
+108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
+(Aliases are not e)108 662.4 R 1.22
(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u)
-.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22
-(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 398.4 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
+.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22
+(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
E .435
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-415.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1
+691.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1
(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338
-(one complete line of input before e)108 427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
+(one complete line of input before e)108 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337
-(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 439.2 S .904
+(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 715.2 S .904
(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904
(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162
-(another command does not tak)108 451.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
+(another command does not tak)108 727.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
-1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277
-(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 463.2 R .277
+1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72
+768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E(25)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E .277(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 84 R .277
(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha)
2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108
-475.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F
-.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\
-n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494
-(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 487.2
-R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085
-(tion are not a)108 499.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084
+96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(\
+xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \
+e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494
+(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 108 R
+.495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085
+(tion are not a)108 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084
(ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584
(cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F
-.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F
-(rate line, and do not use)108 511.2 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
-(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 528 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.)
-.15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)72 544.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 556.8 S .967
+(rate line, and do not use)108 132 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E
+F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)
+-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967
(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
-H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 568.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
-ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315
-(mands associated with that function name is e)108 580.8 R -.15(xe)-.15
-G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316
-(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036
-(shell; no ne)108 592.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
+H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F
+1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002
+(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\
+t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108
+201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15
+F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035
-F .639(function is e)108 604.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
+F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 616.8
-R F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6
+R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532
(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F
-1.017(ment of the)108 628.8 R F4(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)
+1.017(ment of the)108 249.6 R F3(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)
3.267 G 1.017
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.518(cuting. All).15 F 1.285
-(other aspects of the shell e)108 640.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285
+(other aspects of the shell e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285
(cution en).15 F 1.285
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with the)-.4
-F -.15(ex)108 652.8 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F4(DEB)4.529 E(UG)
--.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F2(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029
-(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F2(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu)
-4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 664.8 S(IL).09
+F -.15(ex)108 273.6 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F3(DEB)4.529 E(UG)
+-.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F1(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029
+(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F1(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu)
+4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 285.6 S(IL).09
E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
-.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 676.8 R F4(declar)
+-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
+.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 297.6 R F3(declar)
2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
--.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 688.8 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F2(DEB)
-2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps\).)2.5 E -1.11(Va)
-108 705.6 S .656(riables local to the function may be declared with the)
-1.11 F F2(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F
+-.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
+(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 309.6 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F1(DEB)
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(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068
-(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 496.8 R .466
+(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 136.8 R .466
(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467
-(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 508.8
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(ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1
-F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 549.6 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E
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(xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in)
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-(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 590.4 Q 2.5
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-(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 607.2 R .31
-(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31
-(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 619.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108
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-(search of the directories in)108 643.2 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E
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+(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 247.2 R .31
+(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81
+E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 259.2 Q F2 -.666(PA)
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+(the full pathnames of e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915
+(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915
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(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F
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-(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 667.2 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278
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+(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 307.2 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278
(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
(ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277
(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa)
--.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 679.2 R .775
+-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 319.2 R .775
(guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775
(xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F
.776(If that function is not)5.776 F
-(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 691.2
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Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\
-e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 708 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F 2.31(named program in a separate e)108
-720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.31(cution en).15 F 4.81(vironment. Ar)-.4 F 2.31
-(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.31(n, and the)
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--.35 E(remaining ar)108 84 Q(guments to the command are set to the ar)
--.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G
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+(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e)108
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+(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198
+(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 372 Q
+(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 388.8 R
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(ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809
(cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G
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(le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678
(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678
(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33
-(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 124.8 R .33
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(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829
F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329
-(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 136.8 R 1.219
+(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 424.8 R 1.219
(xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see)
--.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25
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-(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be)
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(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192
(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13
-(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 201.6 R
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1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25
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-(The shell has an)108 242.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E
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-(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F2(exec)
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-(he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(,)
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(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E
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+(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426
(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas)
--2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 475.2 S .133(cution en).15 F .133
+-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 112.8 S .133(cution en).15 F .133
(vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F
.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F
-(the shell.)108 487.2 Q 32.5<8374>108 516 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F
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3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G
1.056
(odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-)
--3.556 F(mand)144 528 Q 32.5<8374>108 544.8 S(he current w)-32.5 E
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-32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857
(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857
-(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 590.4 Q(vironment)
--.4 E 32.5<8374>108 607.2 S .307
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(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306
(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306
-(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 619.2 Q
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+(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 256.8 Q
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2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E
(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E
(vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\
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-(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 664.8 S .245(ubshell en)
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-2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244
(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F
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+.358(reset to the v)108 314.4 R .358
(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4
G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 688.8
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R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356
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--.4 E(ment cannot af)108 700.8 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G
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-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .404
-(If a command is follo)108 717.6 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F2(&)2.904 E F0
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-(is the empty \214le)108 729.6 R F1(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198
-(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc)
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--.35 E(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 84 Q/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(ENVIR)72 100.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 112.8
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--4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353
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-F F2(name)108 124.8 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2
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-(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2
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-153.6 Q .144(vironment and creates a parameter for each name found, aut\
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+ciated)108 549.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 561.6 R .733
(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
-5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 288 Q F3(job)
+5.732 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 573.6 Q F1(job)
4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8
-(To f)108 304.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
+(To f)108 590.4 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F
-.87(notion of a)108 316.8 R F3(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F
+.87(notion of a)108 602.4 R F1(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F
.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871
(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023
(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
-328.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
-(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E
-(INT)108 340.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346
-(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F3(for)3.847 E -.4(eg)
--.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac)6.927 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)
--.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 F .146
-(group ID dif)108 352.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
+614.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
+(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 626.4 Q
+F5(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F1(for)
+3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.927 E
+(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617
+F .146(group ID dif)108 638.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145
(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .041
-(ground processes are allo)108 364.8 R .042
+(ground processes are allo)108 650.4 R .042
(wed to read from or write to the terminal.)-.25 F .042
(Background processes which attempt to)5.042 F 1.64
-(read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 376.8 R F4 1.639
+(read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 662.4 R F4 1.639
(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.14 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 1.639
(signal by the terminal dri)3.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.439 -.4(r, w).15 H
-(hich,).4 E(unless caught, suspends the process.)108 388.8 Q 1.087
-(If the operating system on which)108 405.6 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
-(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
-(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 417.6 S
-.302(ping the).8 F F3(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically)
-3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
+(hich,).4 E(unless caught, suspends the process.)108 674.4 Q 1.087
+(If the operating system on which)108 691.2 R F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
+(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
+(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 703.2 S
+.302(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically)
+3.572 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 429.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
-7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
-2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C
+F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 715.2 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0
+7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F1 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
+2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F2(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C
(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108
-441.6 R(to)108 453.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
+727.2 R(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E(31)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E(to)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895
-(background, the)108 465.6 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895
+(background, the)108 96 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895
(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z)
-3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 477.6 Q .948(fect immediately)
--.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948
+3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 108 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25
+F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948
(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
-108 489.6 Q 1.098(There are a number of w)108 506.4 R 1.097
+108 120 Q 1.098(There are a number of w)108 136.8 R 1.097
(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F 1.097(The character)6.097 F
F1(%)3.597 E F0 1.097(introduces a job name.)3.597 F(Job)6.097 E(number)
-108 518.4 Q F3(n)3.13 E F0 .27(may be referred to as)3.01 F F1(%n)2.77 E
-F0 5.27(.A)C .27
+108 148.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.13 E F0 .27
+(may be referred to as)3.01 F F1(%n)2.77 E F0 5.27(.A)C .27
(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the name used to start)
-2.5 F .277(it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.)
-108 530.4 R -.15(Fo)5.277 G 2.777(re).15 G(xample,)-2.927 E F1(%ce)2.777
+108 160.8 R -.15(Fo)5.277 G 2.777(re).15 G(xample,)-2.927 E F1(%ce)2.777
E F0 .277(refers to a stopped)2.777 F F1(ce)2.777 E F0(job)2.777 E 5.277
(.I)-.4 G 2.777(fa)-5.277 G .38(pre\214x matches more than one job,)108
-542.4 R F1(bash)2.88 E F0 .38(reports an error)2.88 F 5.38(.U)-.55 G
+172.8 R F1(bash)2.88 E F0 .38(reports an error)2.88 F 5.38(.U)-.55 G
(sing)-5.38 E F1(%?ce)2.88 E F0 2.88(,o)C 2.88(nt)-2.88 G .38
(he other hand, refers to an)-2.88 F 2.88(yj)-.15 G(ob)-2.88 E .623
-(containing the string)108 554.4 R F1(ce)3.123 E F0 .622
+(containing the string)108 184.8 R F1(ce)3.123 E F0 .622
(in its command line.)3.123 F .622
(If the substring matches more than one job,)5.622 F F1(bash)3.122 E F0
-.622(reports an)3.122 F(error)108 566.4 Q 5.143(.T)-.55 G .143
+.622(reports an)3.122 F(error)108 196.8 Q 5.143(.T)-.55 G .143
(he symbols)-5.143 F F1(%%)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(%+)2.643 E F0 .143
(refer to the shell')2.643 F 2.643(sn)-.55 G .143(otion of the)-2.643 F
-F3(curr)2.643 E .143(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.643(,w).23 G .143
-(hich is the last job stopped)-2.643 F 1.209(while it w)108 578.4 R
+F2(curr)2.643 E .143(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.643(,w).23 G .143
+(hich is the last job stopped)-2.643 F 1.209(while it w)108 208.8 R
1.209(as in the fore)-.1 F 1.208(ground or started in the background.)
--.15 F(The)6.208 E F3(pr)4.958 E -.15(ev)-.37 G 1.208(ious job).15 F F0
-1.208(may be referenced using)3.938 F F1<25ad>108 590.4 Q F0 5.208(.I)C
+-.15 F(The)6.208 E F2(pr)4.958 E -.15(ev)-.37 G 1.208(ious job).15 F F0
+1.208(may be referenced using)3.938 F F1<25ad>108 220.8 Q F0 5.208(.I)C
2.708(ft)-5.208 G .208(here is only a single job,)-2.708 F F1(%+)2.708 E
F0(and)2.708 E F1<25ad>2.708 E F0 .208
(can both be used to refer to that job)2.708 F 5.209(.I)-.4 G 2.709(no)
-5.209 G .209(utput pertaining to)-2.709 F .132
-(jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 602.4 R F1(jobs)2.632 E F0 .132
+(jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 232.8 R F1(jobs)2.632 E F0 .132
(command\), the current job is al)2.632 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .131
(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.631 E F0 2.631(,a)C .131(nd the pre)
--2.631 F .131(vious job)-.25 F(with a)108
614.4 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.A)C
+-2.631 F .131(vious job)-.25 F(with a)108
244.8 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.A)C
(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 E
(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the current job)-.15 E(.)-.4
E .443(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108
-631.2 R(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444
+261.6 R(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444
(ym for)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944
(,b)C(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
-643.2 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
+273.6 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F
-(equi)108 655.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
-.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 672 R
+(equi)108 285.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
+.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 302.4 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)
5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131
(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 684 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 314.4 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157
(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157
-(option to)2.657 F(the)108 696 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G 1.451
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452
+(option to)2.657 F(the)108 326.4 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G
+1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452
(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15
-(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15
-(exe)108 708 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033
-(If an attempt to e)108 724.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033
-(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)
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-(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
-(2008 June 29)147.345 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E 2.019(using the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)4.519 E F0
--.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02
+(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.952 E
+F0(is)3.702 E -.15(exe)108 338.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E
+(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 355.2 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)
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+G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032
+(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 367.2 R F1
+(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019
+(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02
(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02
(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
-96 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458
+379.2 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458
(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a)
-5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 108 R .604
+5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 391.2 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 120 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F2
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 136.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108
-148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15
-E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645
-(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825
-(and the secondary prompt)108 160.8 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825
+(and an)108 403.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 420 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 432
+R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)
+-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3
+(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825
+(and the secondary prompt)108 444 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825
(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E
F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\
ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\
- are)108 172.8 R(decoded as follo)108 184.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
-196.8 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 208.8 Q F0
+ are)108 456 R(decoded as follo)108 468 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 480 Q F0
+(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 492 Q F0
(the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
-(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 220.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)
-A F1(})A F0(the)180 232.8 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)
-3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427
-(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
-244.8 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0
+(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 504 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 516
+Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0
+1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B
+(empty)180 528 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 256.8 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 268.8 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 280.8 Q F0
-(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 292.8 Q F0
+(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 540 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 552 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 564 Q F0
+(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 576 Q F0
(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144
-304.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
--2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 316.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
-(\\r)144 328.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 340.8 Q F0
+588 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
+-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 600 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
+(\\r)144 612 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 624 Q F0
(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0
(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144
-352.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)
-144 364.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1
-(\\@)144 376.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1
-(\\A)144 388.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1
-(\\u)144 400.8 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144
-412.8 Q F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 424.8 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)
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-(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 436.8 Q F0 4.288(the current w)26 F
-4.288(orking directory)-.1 F 6.787(,w)-.65 G(ith)-6.787 E F1($HOME)6.787
+636 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)144
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+660 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1(\\A)144 672
+Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 684 Q F0
+(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 696 Q F0(the v)
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E F0(abbre)6.787 E 4.287(viated with a tilde \(uses the)-.25 F F1($PR)
-180 448.8 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable\)).25 E F1
-(\\W)144 460.8 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E
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+(\\W)144 108 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E
(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0
-(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 472.8 Q F0
-(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1(\\#)144 484.8 Q F0
-(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 496.8 Q F0
+(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 120 Q F0
+(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1(\\#)144 132 Q F0
+(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 144 Q F0
(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F1
-(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 508.8 Q F4(nnn)
-A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4(nnn)2.5
-E F1(\\\\)144 520.8 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 532.8
-Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \
-could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
-(control sequence into the prompt)180 544.8 Q F1(\\])144 556.8 Q F0
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-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 573.6 R
-.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\
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-(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 609.6 R
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+(xe)-.15 G .54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546
+(rent shell session.)108 256.8 R .546
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-F(description of the)108 633.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
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(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
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-(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65
-(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 132 R F2 .599
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-(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619
-(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108
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-3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
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+(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 386.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E
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+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
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+(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
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(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 184.8 R 1.018
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 463.2 R 1.018
(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
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-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 196.8 Q
+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 475.2 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 213.6 R F2
+-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 492 R F2
(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
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-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 225.6 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
-F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2
+(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 504 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
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--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 237.6 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F
-.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
+-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 516 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
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--.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0
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-(va)108 314.4 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)
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6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15
(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737
-(lines are ignored.)108 326.4 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
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(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737
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-(indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366
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-(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr)
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+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 415.2 Q F0 .53
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(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
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--.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 168 R
+-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 451.2 R
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(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
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-.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 192 Q F1(con)108 204
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-(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541
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-G(s.).15 E F1(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 360 Q F0(If set to)144 372 Q
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(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
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3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\
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-(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 204 Q F0
-.809(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808
-(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E
-(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
-(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
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-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 240 Q F0 1.318
-(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\
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+(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A
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+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 492 Q F0 1.318
+(If set to)144 504 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\
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-F(order)144 264 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25
-E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 276 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E
-F0 .873(If set to)144 288 R F1(on)3.373 E F0 3.373(,r)C .872
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+E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 528 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E
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2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186
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(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on)
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(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
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-(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346
-(This alters the def)144 384 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
+isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 600 R(bell.)144 612 Q F1
+(sho)108 624 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346
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(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to)
--.1 F F1(sho)144 396 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C
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-(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 408 R 3.54
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(yp)-.15 G 1.039
(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F
3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\
-es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 420 Q F1
-(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 432 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)
+es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 672 Q F1
+(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 684 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 696 R F1(On)
3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346
(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846
(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
-(when listing possible completions.)144 456 Q F1
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-(which allo)108 496.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
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(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
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-(or the application using readline.)144 537.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477
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(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477
(xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F
-(are required to isolate it.)144 549.6 Q F1(mode)144 566.4 Q F0(The)
+(are required to isolate it.)144 160.8 Q F1(mode)144 177.6 Q F0(The)
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-(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 631.2 R
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(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
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E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\
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655.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
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266.4 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
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+E .698(Incremental searches be)108 559.2 R .698
(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F
.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112
-(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 312 R .112
+(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 571.2 R .112
(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1
E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542
-(incremental search requires only as man)108 324 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542
-(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541
-(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v)
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(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66
-(If that v)108 348 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
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-F .096(mental search.)108 360 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\
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(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E
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+.54(instance, a)108 684 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108
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+Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 712.8
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-(The follo)108 523.2 R 1.391
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(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
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H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122
-(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 547.2 Q F2(point)3.411
-E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)
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-(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1
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-Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F
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-(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F
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(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91
(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F
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-(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G
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-(current line without clearing the screen.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 156
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-(restore the history line to its original state.)144 232.8 Q F1(pr)108
-244.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0
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-E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 268.8
-Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15
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+(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158
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E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1
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(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18
-(re v)108 340.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0
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(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E
-(This is an incremental search.)144 364.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 376.8 S
+(This is an incremental search.)144 602.4 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 614.4 S
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-(Search forw)144 388.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)
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--.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1
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(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F
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-(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 604.8 R .281(vious command.)
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-(Insert the last ar)144 640.8 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307
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(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307
-(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 652.8 S .735(th an ar).4 F
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-(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 664.8 R .728
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--.15 E .14(sion f)144 676.8 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14
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-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 424.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
-436.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 448.8 Q(xt in the current re)
--.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 460.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E
-F0(Cop)144 472.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
-(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 484.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 496.8 Q 4.801
-(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F
-(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 508.8
-Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 520.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
-F0(Cop)144 532.8 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)
--.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008
-(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1
-F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 544.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)
-A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 556.8 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 568.8 S
-(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 580.8 Q F0
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 592.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 652.8 Q F0
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 664.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
+676.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 688.8 Q(xt in the current re)
+-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 700.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E
+F0(Cop)144 712.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(copy\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0
+(Cop)144 96 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301
+(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55
+G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)
+4.8 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 120 Q
+(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 132 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007
+(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25
+F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G
+(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 156 Q F0 -1
+(Ya)144 168 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 180 Q F0
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 192 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 609.6 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 621.6 Q
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 208.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 220.8 Q
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 633.6 R .641
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 232.8 R .641
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18
(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-)
--.15 E(ati)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
-(uni)108 657.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
-(This is another w)144 669.6 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
+-.15 E(ati)144 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
+(uni)108 256.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
+(This is another w)144 268.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-681.6 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-693.6 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+280.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+292.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 705.6 R .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 304.8 R .898
(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
-(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 717.6 R .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 316.8 R .243
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 729.6 Q .378
+-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 328.8 Q .378
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
-.378(gument count)-.18 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(four)144 84 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E
-(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Completing)87 100.8 Q(complete \(T)108 112.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 124.8 R 1.137
+.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 340.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
+-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1
+(Completing)87 357.6 Q(complete \(T)108 369.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
+(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 381.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 136.8 Q .533(xt as a v)
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 393.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 148.8 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
+144 405.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 160.8 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 172.8 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 184.8 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 196.8 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 208.8 R .783
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 417.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 429.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 441.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 453.6 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 465.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
-220.8 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 232.8 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
-244.8 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
+477.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 489.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
+501.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.194(possible completions.)144 256.8 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
+1.194(possible completions.)144 513.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 268.8 R .828
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 525.6 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 280.8 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 537.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 292.8 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+(positions forw)144 549.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 304.8 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
+E(through the list.)144 561.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E
-(ault.)-.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 316.8 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 328.8 R
+(ault.)-.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 573.6 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 585.6 R
.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
-2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 340.8 R -.15
+2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 597.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
-(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 352.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 364.8 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 376.8 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 388.8 Q
-F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 400.8 Q
+(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 609.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 621.6 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 633.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 645.6 Q
+F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 412.8 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 424.8 Q
+(complete\255user)108 669.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 681.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 436.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 448.8 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-460.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144
-472.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1(possible\255v)108 484.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E
-F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 496.8 Q
+108 693.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 705.6 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255v)108 84 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))
+-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
+(possible\255v)108 108 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 508.8 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 520.8 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 132 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 532.8 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 544.8 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 156 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 556.8 Q F0 .581
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 568.8 R .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 180 Q F0 .581
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
-(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 580.8 R
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 204 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 592.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 604.8 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 616.8 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 228 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 240 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 628.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 640.8 R .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 252 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 264 R .425
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 652.8 Q F1(dab)108 664.8 Q(br)-.1
-E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 676.8 R .611
+(for possible completion matches.)144 276 Q F1(dab)108 288 Q(br)-.1 E
+-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 300 R .611
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 688.8 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 700.8 Q F0 .4(Perform \214le\
-name completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed wi\
-thin braces so)144 712.8 R(the list is a)144 724.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 312 Q F1
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 324 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
+me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
+in braces so)144 336 R(the list is a)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ke)87 84 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 E
-(start\255kbd\255macr)108 96 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)).833 E
-F0(Be)144 108 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 364.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 376.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F0(Be)144 388.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 120 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 132 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 400.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 412.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 144 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E
-F0(Re-e)144 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
-G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
-ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 168 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
-
(Miscellaneous)87 184.8 Q -.18(re)108 196.8 S<ad72>.18 E
+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F0(Re-e)144 436.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
+ appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 448.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
+
E F1(Miscellaneous)87 465.6 Q -.18(re)108 477.6 S<ad72>.18 E
(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
-(Read in the contents of the)144 208.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
+(Read in the contents of the)144 489.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)
-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F
-(found there.)144 220.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 232.8 Q F0 3.248
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 244.8 R
+(found there.)144 501.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 513.6 Q F0 3.248
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 525.6 R
5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 256.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 268.8 Q
+(bell\255style)144 537.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 549.6 Q
(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 280.8 R F2(x)
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 561.6 R F2(x)
4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755
(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F
-(uppercase character)144 292.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 304.8 Q
-(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 316.8 Q
+(uppercase character)144 573.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 585.6 Q
+(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 597.6 Q
(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0
(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 328.8 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 340.8 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 352.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 364.8 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
+(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 609.6 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 621.6 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 633.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 645.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
-(return the line to its initial state.)144 376.8 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 388.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 400.8 Q
+(return the line to its initial state.)144 657.6 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 669.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 681.6 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 412.8 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 424.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
-(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 436.8 Q F0(Sw)
-144 448.8 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 693.6 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 705.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 84 Q F0(Sw)144
+96 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144
-484.8 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
+144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 120 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 132 S
+.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
+.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 496.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 508.8 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 520.8 S 1.044
+144 144 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 156 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 168 S 1.044
(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 532.8 Q F1
-(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 544.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 556.8 S .48
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 180 Q F1
+(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .48
(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)-.18 F .481
(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)
-2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 568.8 Q .098
+2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .098
(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097
(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E
-.321(the characters at the be)144 580.8 R .321
+.321(the characters at the be)144 228 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F 1.014(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 592.8 R F1
+-.25 F 1.014(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1
(comment-begin)3.514 E F0 1.014(are deleted from the be)3.514 F 1.013
(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 604.8 R 1.468
+(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468
(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 616.8 Q F0 .84
+1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .84
(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 628.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 640.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 652.8 R .791
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q
+(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 300 R .791
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792
-(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
-664.8 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for\
- possible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 676.8 Q
-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 688.8 R .372
+(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312
+R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\
+ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q
+(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 336 R .372
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 700.8 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F
-3.016(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 712.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))108
-84 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 96 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923
-(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
+144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
+108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
+.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 108 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
+.872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 120 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 132 Q F0 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 144 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+(ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .627
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 156 Q
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
-2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 168 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 180 R 1.799
+2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
+1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799
(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 192 R .304
+-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 480 R .304
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 204 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 216 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
-(Print all of the readline k)144 228 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0
+(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
+(Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
-3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 240 Q
+3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 528 Q
.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 252 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 264 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 276 Q
+(\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 292.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
-304.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
+592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 316.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
+F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 328.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .333
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 345.6 R .334
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .334
(If a compspec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is)
5.333 F .587
-(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 357.6 R
+(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 645.6 R
3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .586
(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.18
-(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 369.6 R
+(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 657.6 R
1.181(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F
-(attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 381.6 Q
+(attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 669.6 Q
(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it\
- is used to generate the list of matching w)108 398.4 R 3.317(ords. If)
+ is used to generate the list of matching w)108 686.4 R 3.317(ords. If)
-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108
-410.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3
+698.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3
-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E
-.463(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 427.2
+.463(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 715.2
R .464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 439.2 R .596
+.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 727.2 R .596
(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 451.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 468 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G
-.085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085
-(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>2.585 E F0 .085
-(option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G
-(rds).1 E .844(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 480 R
-.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.343 E F0
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E(shell v)108 84 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5
+E F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 100.8 Q 2.585(yc)
+-.15 G .085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085
+(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad47>2.585 E F0
+.085(option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G
+(rds).1 E .844(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 112.8 R
+.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.343 E F0
.843(shell v)3.093 F .843(ariable is)-.25 F
-(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 492 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3(FIGNORE)
-2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 508.8 Q .32
-(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F F1
-<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
+(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 124.8 Q(ut the)-.2 E F1
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 141.6 Q
+.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
+
F2<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 520.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
+108 153.6 R F1(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
-(using brace e)108 532.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(using brace e)108 165.6 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
-544.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
-(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
+177.6 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+(nder).15 E F1(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-556.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
+189.6 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 568.8 Q
+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 201.6 Q
(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238
-(After these matches ha)108 585.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
+(After these matches ha)108 218.4 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F
1<ad46>3.737 E
-F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 597.6 R -.2
+(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F
2<ad46>3.737 E
+F0(and)3.737 E F2<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 230.4 R -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
-(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3
-(COMP_KEY)108 609.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
+(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F1
+(COMP_KEY)108 242.4 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157
+(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .157
(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108
-621.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
-.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3
+254.4 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+.986(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1
(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986
(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609
-(the function or command is in)108 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608
+(the function or command is in)108 266.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608
(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar)
-.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108
-645.6 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073
+278.4 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073
(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F
-.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 657.6 R .607
+.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 290.4 R .607
(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
-(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 669.6 Q .093
+(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 302.4 Q .093
(ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\
or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108
-681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
--2.938 F F
1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+314.4 Q(An)108 331.2 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
+-2.938 F F
2<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F
2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437
-(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 710.4 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
+(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 343.2 Q F2(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
-(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108
-722.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(Ne)108 84 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081
-(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad43>2.581 E
-F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58
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-(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 96 R
-.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \
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-108 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377
-(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 124.8 R
-2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876
-E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 136.8 R
+(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108
+355.2 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 372 Q .081
+(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F
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+(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858
+(stitution. It)108 384 R .359(should print a list of completions, one p\
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+5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 396 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
+.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 412.8 R
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+E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 424.8 R
.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681
-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682
+(xpansion; a)-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F0 .682
(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523
-(the w)108 148.8 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
-(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522
+(the w)108 436.8 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
+(iteral)-3.023 E F2(&)3.023 E F0 .522
(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 160.8
+-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 448.8
R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849
(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1
-(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 172.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
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+(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 460.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(d.).15 E(Finally)108 189.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H
-.587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1
-<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F
1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587
+(d.).15 E(Finally)108 477.6 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H
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2<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587
(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\
the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \
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+possible completions.)108 489.6 Q .246(If the pre)108 506.4 R .247
(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247
-(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247
-(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 230.4 Q F0
+(atches, and the)-2.747 F F2 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247
+(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F2(complete)108 518.4 Q F0
(when the compspec w)2.5 E
(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462
-(If the)108 247.2 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)
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+(If the)108 535.2 R F2 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)
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(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1
-F(pletion is attempted and an)108 259.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
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(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559
-(By def)108 276 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
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(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F
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+.632(of possible completions.)108 576 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E
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(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631
-(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 300 R .558
-(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059
-F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559
-(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 312 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672
-(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671
+(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 588 R .558
+(If the)5.558 F F2 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059
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(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.)
--.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 324 Q F0 1.207
-(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0
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1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F
3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F
-(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 336
-Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E
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-d, the programmable completion func-)108 352.8 R .632(tions force readl\
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-(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761
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-(When the)108 417.6 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371
-(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372
-(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3
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-(The v)5.031 F .031(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.531 E F0 -.25(va)
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-(mands to sa)108 441.6 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429
-(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4
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-(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E
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-(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0
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(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v)
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-(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G
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-(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 518.4 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F4
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+(The \214le named by the v)108 136.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)
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+(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 148.8 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F1
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(When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532
(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108
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(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F
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--.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F4
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($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to)
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-(histappend)2.556 E F0 .056
-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F1(shopt)2.556
-E F0(under)2.556 E F4 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E
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--.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 590.4 Q F0 1.114(is uns\
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-F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.614(d. If).15 F(the)3.614 E F5 -.225(va)3.613 G 1.113
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(riable is set, time).225 F 1.251
-(stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 602.4 R(ed)-.09 E F0
+(stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 232.8 R(ed)-.09 E F0
1.252(with the history comment character)3.502 F 3.752(,s)-.4 G 3.752
(ot)-3.752 G(he)-3.752 E 3.752(ym)-.15 G 1.252(ay be preserv)-3.752 F
-(ed)-.15 E .105(across shell sessions.)108 614.4 R .105(This uses the h\
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-(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.604 F F4
-(HISTFILESIZE)2.605 E F0 2.605(lines. If)2.355 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)108
-638.4 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b)
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+(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.604 F F1
+(HISTFILESIZE)2.605 E F0 2.605(lines. If)2.355 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)108
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-108 667.2 S .673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E
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(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28
-(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 679.2 R .279
+(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 309.6 R .279
(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va)
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(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319
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3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87
(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F
-2.013(can be disabled using the)108 184.8 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014
-(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014
-(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 196.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F
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.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E
-(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 213.6 R 1.306
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(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\
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-(commands, insert the ar)108 225.6 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21
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(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108
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(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2
(arts. The)-3.2 F .7
(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during)
-3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 278.4 R 1.868(second is to select por\
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tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867
-(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 290.4 R/F4
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-(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor)
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+(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 568.8 R F3
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Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227
(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226
(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F
-(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 314.4 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352
+(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 592.8 R -.15
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(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625
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(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 338.4 Q
-F1(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E
-F1(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e)
--2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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.03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 367.2 T
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3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)
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-(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F1(\()3.162 E
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-(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1(shopt)2.609
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-(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.259(If the)108 408 R F1
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(histv)3.759 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.259
-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.759 F F1(shopt)
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-.55 G 1.498(nstead, the e)-6.498 F 1.498(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228
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-(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
-(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)
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-(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 468 S
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(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e)
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-(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 520.8 Q F1
-(Ev)87 537.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1
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-st.).15 E F1(!)108 566.4 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)
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32.67 F 1.608(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)
4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607
-(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 578.4 Q F1(extglob)
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2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2
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-(.).24 E F1(!!)108 614.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)
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-(string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F4
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-2.63(Quick substitution.)144 686.4 R 2.629
-(Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F4(string1)5.469 E F0(with)
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-(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 710.4 Q F0
-(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.75(Wo)87 84 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8
-(Wo)108 96 S 1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F
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-(nt speci\214cation).15 F .53(from the w)108 108 R .529(ord designator)
--.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)
--3.029 F .529(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029
-E F0(,)A F1($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029
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-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 172.8 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0
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-(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2
-(x)108.77 220.8 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E
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--.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315
-(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315
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--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 302.4 Q F0 .183
-(After the optional w)108 314.4 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4
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-(t)108 355.2 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
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(ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
-108 367.2 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
+108 638.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 379.2 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)
--.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 391.2
+(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 650.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)
+-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 662.4
Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 403.2 Q F0
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 674.4 Q F0
(Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)
--.1 E F1(x)108 415.2 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1
+-.1 E F1(x)108 686.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1
E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)
-2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 427.2 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A
-F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 439.2 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E
+2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 698.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A
+F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 710.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E
F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221
(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721
(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144
-451.2 R .617
+722.4 R .617
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617
-F .666(be quoted in)144 463.2 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)
-3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666
-(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166
-(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E
-F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 475.2 R
-(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544
-F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775
-(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E
-(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 487.2 Q F2(string)
-2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1
-(&)108 499.2 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1
-(g)108 511.2 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.)
-.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897
-('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 523.2 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
--.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218
-(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E .666(be quoted in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)3.396 E F0
+(and)3.936 E F1(ne)3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)
+3.476 F .666(If & appears in)5.666 F F1(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i)
+.31 G 3.166(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F1
+(old)3.166 E F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)
+144 96 R(If)5.274 E F1(old)3.004 E F0 .274
+(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F1(old)3.005 E F0 .275
+(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)
+-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E
+(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 108 Q F1(string)2.84
+E F0(in a)2.72 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!?)2.5 E F1(string)A F2([?])A F0
+(search.)5 E F2(&)108 120 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E
+(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)108 132 Q F0 .398
+(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398
+(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F .397
+(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F2(:s)A F0 2.897('\()C
+(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 144 Q F2(:gs/)A F1(old)A F2(/)A F1(ne)A(w)-.15 E
+F2(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F2(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218(used with `)
+3.718 F F2(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219
(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09
-(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 535.2 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089
-(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 547.2 Q F0
-(.)A F1(G)108 559.2 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0
-2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 576 Q(UIL)-.11 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 588 R
-.062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options pre\
-
ceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 600 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F1<adad>3.8 E F0 1.3
+(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 156 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F2(a)2.589 E F0 .089
+(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F2(g)144 168 Q F0(.)A
+F2(G)108 180 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F2(s)A F0 2.5
+('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 196.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
+(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 208.8
+R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
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receded by)-.2 F F2<ad>108 220.8 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F2<adad>3.8 E F0 1.3
(to signify the end of the options.)3.8 F -.15(Fo)6.3 G 3.8(re).15 G 1.3
-(xample, the)-3.95 F F1(:)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.8
-E F0 3.8(,a)C(nd)-3.8 E F1(test)3.8 E F0 -.2(bu)3.8 G 1.3(iltins do not)
-.2 F(accept options.)108 612 Q F1(:)108 630 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A
-(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 642 R .451
+(xample, the)-3.95 F F2(:)3.8 E F0(,)A F2(true)3.8 E F0(,)A F2(false)3.8
+E F0 3.8(,a)C(nd)-3.8 E F2(test)3.8 E F0 -.2(bu)3.8 G 1.3(iltins do not)
+.2 F(accept options.)108 232.8 Q F2(:)108 250.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A
+(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 262.8 R .451
(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)
--.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F
-2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 654 R
-(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 670.8 Q F2
-(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108
-682.8 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E
-F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 694.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02
-(cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02
+-.15 E F1(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F
+2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 274.8 R
+(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F2(.)110.5 291.6 Q F1
+(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sour)108
+303.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E
+F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 315.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02
+(cute commands from).15 F F1(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02
(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F
-(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 706.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.68(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2
+(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 327.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.68(cuted from).15 F F1(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F1
(\214lename)6.09 E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608
-(names in)144 718.8 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E
-F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2
+(names in)144 339.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E
+F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F1
(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)
--5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 730.8
-R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832
-(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833
-(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
-(2008 June 29)147.345 E(46)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .982(\214le is found in)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)
-3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F/F3
-10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)
-3.481 F F3(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
-(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)144 96 S
-(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E
-/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112
-(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112
-(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F4(\214lename)144 108 Q
-F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342
-(the positional parameters are unchanged.)2.842 F .341
-(The return status is the)5.341 F .716(status of the last command e)144
-120 R .716(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F4(\214lename)
-145.91 132 Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F3(alias)108
-148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4
-(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F3(Alias)144 160.8 Q F0 2.725
-(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F3<ad70>5.224 E F0
-2.724(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias)
-5.224 E F4(name)144 172.8 Q F0(=)A F4(value)A F0 .58
-(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58
-(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F4(name)
-3.08 E F0(whose)144 184.8 Q F4(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F4(value)
+-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 351.6
+R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F2(bash)3.332 E F0 .832
+(is not in)3.332 F F1 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833
+(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982
+(\214le is found in)144 363.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F2(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18
+E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F2(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
+(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144
+375.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F
+(y)-.15 E F1(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F
+2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F1
+(\214lename)144 387.6 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842
+(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.)
+2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716
+(status of the last command e)144 399.6 R .716
+(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F1(\214lename)145.91 411.6
+Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F2(alias)108 428.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)
+C(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 440.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
+(guments or with the)-.18 F F2<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724
+(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E
+F1(name)144 452.4 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
+.58(When ar)5.58 F .58
+(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name)
+3.08 E F0(whose)144 464.4 Q F1(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F1(value)
5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395
(ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054
-(stitution when the alias is e)144 196.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054
-(or each)-.15 F F4(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054
-(gument list for which no)-.18 F F4(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554
-F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 208.8 R 1.314
-(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
-(returns true unless a)3.814 F F4(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F
+(stitution when the alias is e)144 476.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054
+(or each)-.15 F F1(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054
+(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554
+F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 488.4 R 1.314
+(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
+(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E
-(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 220.8 Q F3(bg)108 237.6 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F4(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144
-249.6 R F4(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745
-(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F3(&)3.245 E
-F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F4(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 261.6 Q F0 .672
+(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 500.4 Q F2(bg)108 517.2 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144
+529.2 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745
+(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E
+F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 541.2 Q F0 .672
(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
--3.172 F F4(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3
-(bg)5.671 E F4(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418
-(when job control is disabled or)144 273.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
+-3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2
+(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418
+(when job control is disabled or)144 553.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G
-(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F4(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G
-(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 285.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1
-E F3(bind)108 302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0
-2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
-<ad6d>A F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad71>-2.5 E F4
-(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F4(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F3<ad72>-2.5 E F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad66>2.5 E F4
-(\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F4 -.1(ke)2.5
-G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad78>2.5 E F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F4
-(shell\255command)A F3(bind)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F4 -.1(ke)
-2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F4
-(function\255name)A F3(bind)108 362.4 Q F4 -.37(re)2.5 G
-(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 374.4 R F3 -.18(re)
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+(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 565.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1
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-420 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .063(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.563 E/F5 9
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2<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144
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-(tory is written to the standard output.)144 444 R 1.164(The return v)
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6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164
-(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 456 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(command)108 472.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0
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+(command)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
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+Q F2(command)2.956 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257
(suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257
-(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 496.8 R F4
--.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002
-(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is)
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-(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231
-(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F(If)
-
5.232 E .175(either the)144 520.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1
+(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 124.8 R/F3 9
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(If)5.232 E .175(either the)144 148.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1
<ad76>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2
(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E
-F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 532.8 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F
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.61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)
-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F
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+F1<ad56>144 172.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25
(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249
-(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 556.8 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1
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(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005
(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2
-(command)144.2 568.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599
+(command)144.2 196.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599
(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598
-(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 580.8 S
+(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 208.8 S
(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1
-(compgen)108 597.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)
--.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 609.6 R
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F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513
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-(accepted by the)144 621.6 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
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(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the)
--3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 633.6 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F
+-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 261.6 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F
F1<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F1<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v)
3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25
-F(grammable completion f)144 645.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)
+F(grammable completion f)144 273.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)
-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)
--.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 669.6 R .352
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(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
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-2.52 F(those completions matching)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
-(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 717.6 Q
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(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.034 E F1
-(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.034(][)C F1<ad6f>-3.034 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(comp-option)3.034 E F0 3.034(][)C F1<ad45>-3.034 E F0 3.033(][)C F1
-<ad41>-3.033 E F2(action)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F1<ad47>-3.033 E F2
-(globpat)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F1<ad57>-3.033 E F2(wor)3.033 E(dlist)
--.37 E F0 3.033(][)C F1<ad46>-3.033 E F2(function)3.033 E F0(])A([)108
-96 Q F1<ad43>A F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 108 Q F1<ad58>A F2
-(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E
-F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E
-F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E
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-132 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2
-(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F
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-(options are supplied, e)144 144 R .139
-(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14
-(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144
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-(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 168 R(The)6.392 E F1
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--.74 G 1.304(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a)
--3.804 F(blank line.)144 192 Q 1.437
+(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1
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+E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 398.4 Q F0([)
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+(Specify ho)144 410.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634
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+(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 446.4 R(The)6.392 E
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+3.893 F 1.304(and actions should apply to `)144 458.4 R(`empty')-.74 E
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+(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a)-3.804 F
+(blank line.)144 470.4 Q 1.437
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-216 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 228 Q
-.3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
-F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 252 R .856 -.15(ve t)
--.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F
-.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0
-3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722
-(options \(and, if necessary)144 264 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1
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+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 530.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
+(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
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(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
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-(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 288 Q F2
-(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 300 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291
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+(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 566.4 Q
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(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 312 Q F2
-(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 324 Q F0
-.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 336 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0
-.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 348 Q
-F1(default)184 360 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)
--5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)
--.1 F(matches.)224 372 Q F1(dir)184 384 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\
-tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 396 Q F1
-(\214lenames)184 408 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 420 S .137(ll readline that the co\
-mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15
-G(le-)-2.637 E .496(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 432 R 2.996
-(ea)-.1 G .496(dding a slash to directory names or suppress-)-2.996 F
-(ing trailing spaces\).)224 444 Q
-(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E F1(nospace)184 456 Q F0
--.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22
-(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224
-468 Q F1(plusdirs)184 480 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G
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--4.485 F .583(completion is attempted and an)224 492 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G
-.584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
-504 Q F1<ad41>144 516 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 528 Q F2(action)2.5 E
-F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
-(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
-540 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 552 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 564 Q
-(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 576 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G
-2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 588 S(iltin).2 E F0
-(Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 600
-Q F0(Command names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 624 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 636 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 648
-Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 660 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
-672 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
-684 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
--.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
-696 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
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+(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 590.4 Q F2
+(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 602.4 Q F0
+.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 614.4 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E
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+626.4 Q F1(default)184 638.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55
+G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
+(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
+224 650.4 Q F1(dir)184 662.4 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\
+ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 674.4 Q F1
+(\214lenames)184 686.4 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 698.4 S .137(ll readline that th\
+e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>
+-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .496(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 710.4 R
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+F(ing trailing spaces\).)224 722.4 Q
+(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(function)184 84 Q F0
-(Names of shell functions.)224 96 Q F1(gr)184 108 Q(oup)-.18 E F0
-(Group names.)14.62 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)
-A F1(helptopic)184 120 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 132 Q F1
-(help)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 144 Q F0
-(Hostnames, as tak)224 156 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E
-/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1(job)184 168 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
--.1(ke)184 180 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 192 Q(ed w)-.15 E
-2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(running)184 204 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 216 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)
-10.67 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)
-184 228 Q F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1
-<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.)
-.2 E F1(shopt)184 240 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E
-F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 252 Q F0
-(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 264 Q F0
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nospace)184 84 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22
+(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F
+.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 96 Q F1(plusdirs)
+184 108 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
+(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
+.583(completion is attempted and an)224 120 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
+(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 132
+Q F1<ad41>144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 156
+Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
+(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
+168 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 180 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 192 Q
+(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 204 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G
+2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 216 S(iltin).2 E F0
+(Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 228
+Q F0(Command names.)224 240 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 252 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 264 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 276
+Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 288 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
+300 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
+312 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
+-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
+324 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(function)184 336 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 348 Q F1
+(gr)184 360 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
+372 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 384 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 396 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 408
+Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 420 Q F0
+(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
+(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S
+(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 444 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
+-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
+456 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 468 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 480 Q
+F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E
+F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
+(shopt)184 492 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1
+(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 504 Q F0
+(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 516 Q F0
(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
-.15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S
+.15 E F1(user)184 528 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 540 S
(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 300 Q/F3
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.411(The \214lename e)184 312 R
-1.411(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F
-1.411(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 324 Q
-F1<ad57>144 336 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 348 Q F3(wor)
-3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.639
-F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14
-(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008(each resultant w)184 360 R
-2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007
-(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F
-(resultant list which match the w)184 372 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
-F1<ad43>144 384 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 396 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 552 Q F2
+(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.411(The \214lename e)184 564 R 1.411
+(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F 1.411
+(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 576 Q F1
+<ad57>144 588 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(wor)3.639
+E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3
+(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)
+-.25 F 2.008(each resultant w)184 612 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508
+(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)
+4.508 F(resultant list which match the w)184 624 Q(ord being completed.)
+-.1 E F1<ad43>144 636 Q F2(command)2.5 E(command)184 648 Q F0 1.055
+(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 408 Q F1<ad46>144 420 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
-(The shell function)184 432 R F3(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
+184 660 Q F1<ad46>144 672 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
+(The shell function)184 684 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68
(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932
-(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2
-(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 456 S(riable.)
-.25 E F1<ad58>144 468 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 480 Q F0
-.733(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.234 F 3.233(xpansion. It)
--.15 F .733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 492 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 504 Q F3(\214lterpat)
+(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F3
+(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 708 S(riable.)
+.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E(50)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad58>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 96 Q F0 .733
+(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.234 F 3.233(xpansion. It)-.15 F
+.733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 108 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 120 Q F2(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 516 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 528 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
-184 540 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
+(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 132 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 144 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
+184 156 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 552 Q F1<ad53>144 564 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 168 Q F1<ad53>144 180 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .467(The return v)144 580.8 R
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .467(The return v)144 196.8 R
.467(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0
(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361
-(plied without a)144 592.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
+(plied without a)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 604.8 Q F0
+1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 220.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
-(Modify completion options for each)144 633.6 R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447
-(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 .447
+F1(compopt)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
+(Modify completion options for each)144 249.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447
+(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447
(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 645.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+(completion if no)144 261.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
+(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 657.6 Q F3(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 273.6 Q F2(name)
3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 669.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
+F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 285.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.5 G(iltin described abo).2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .327(The return v)
-108 686.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327
+108 302.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a)
-.25 F F3(name)108 698.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)
-2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
-(2008 June 29)147.345 E(50)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(continue)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 96 R 1.754
+.25 F F2(name)108 314.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)
+2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 331.2 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 343.2 R 1.754
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
-(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 108 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
+(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 355.2 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 120 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
+(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 367.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is)
-3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 132 Q F1(declar)108 148.8 Q
-(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
-(typeset)108
160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>
+3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 379.2 Q F1(declar)108 396 Q
+(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0
+2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
+(typeset)108
408 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 172.8 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564
+-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 420 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564
-.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E
F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765
(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25
-(va)144
184.8 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
+(va)144
432 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
-<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 196.8 Q F2(name)3.579 E
-F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F
-(When)6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2
-(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151
-(ments, it will display the attrib)144 208.8 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
-.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)
--.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144
-220.8 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547
-E F0(,)A F1(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)
-2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 232.8 S 1.363
-(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0
-1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)
-6.362 E F1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\
-n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 244.8 R 2.423
-(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 256.8 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)
-2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)
-2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664
-F 1.382(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 268.8
-R(The)6.382 E F1<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F1<ad66>
-3.882 E F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794
-(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 280.8 R .794
+<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 444 Q F2(name)3.579 E F0
+(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When)
+6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name)
+3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151(ments, it will display the attrib)
+144 456 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15
+(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)-.2 F .15
+(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 468 R .046
+(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1
+(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)2.547 F .047
+(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 480 S 1.363(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863
+(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0 1.362
+(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)6.362
+E F1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\
+\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 492 R 2.423(utes are)
+-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 504 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E
+F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664
+(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382
+(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 516 R(The)
+6.382 E F1<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F1<ad66>3.882 E
+F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794
+(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 528 R .794
(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F
-1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 292.8 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1
-<ad61>144 304.8 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15
+1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 540 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1
+<ad61>144 552 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5
-E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 316.8 Q F0(Each)
-23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)
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(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E
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F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2
(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278
-(Enable and disable b)144 458.4 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278
+(Enable and disable b)144 112.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278
(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278
(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144
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(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334
-(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 482.4
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R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0
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-(abled; otherwise,)144 494.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
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4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F
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--.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)
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-(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 518.4 S 1.524
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(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08
+(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 172.8 S 1.524
(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F
F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144
530.4 Q F1<ad64>
+(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144
184.8 Q F1<ad64>
2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F
.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn)
-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi)
--.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144
542.4 R F1<ad70>
+-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144
196.8 R F1<ad70>
2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4
F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144
-
554.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
+
208.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916
-(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 566.4 R 1.916
+(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 220.8 R 1.916
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879
-(enabled. If)144
578.4 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379
+(enabled. If)144
232.8 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379
(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special)
2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F
-(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 590.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994
+(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 244.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994
(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)
-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144
-602.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 619.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37
-E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 631.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C
+256.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 273.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37
+E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 285.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C
.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F
-.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 643.2 R -.15(xe)-.15
+.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 297.6 R -.15(xe)-.15
G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no)
--2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 655.2 Q
+-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 309.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
-(exec)108
672 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
+(exec)108
326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 684 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
+-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 338.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 696 R .176(guments to)
--.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1
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+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 350.4 R .176
+(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
+
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
-(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 708 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F
-F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E
-(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 .499
-(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 720 Q F0 .638(to be e)
-3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
+(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 362.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18
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+(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the)
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--.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
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-(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .617 -.15(ve s)
--.25 H .317(hell e).15 F .317(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(execfail)2.817 E F0 .318
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(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15
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-(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 120 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536
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(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536
(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
-(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 132 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0
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6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .095
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(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 160.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2(export)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5
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-F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 201.6 R
-F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F
-.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 213.6 R(the)2.627 E F2
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-.15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
-5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126
-(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>144 225.6 Q F0 .659
-(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.159 F .66
-(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F2<ad6e>3.16 E F0
-(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 237.6 R 1.587
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+(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627
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(xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586
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--.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2
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(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304
(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294
-(option is encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.793 E F0 .293
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-.15 F(of)144 350.4 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
-(If)5.277 E F1(last)2.867 E F0 .276
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-(for listing \(so that)144 362.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092
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(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
-F
2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
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(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
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144 R F1<ad74>2.521 E F0 .021
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(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
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-F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E
-F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G
-(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 108 Q 3.152(yo)
--.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)
-3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
+2.5 E F1(local)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5
+E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 432 S 2.56(re)
+.15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)
+-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)
+2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F
+(an)144 444 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
+(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
+C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-120 Q F2(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
+456 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 132 Q F0 1.164
-(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165
+(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 468 Q F0 1.165
+(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
-6.165 F F1(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233
-(within a function.)144 144 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233 F
+6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
+(within a function.)144 480 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 F
F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F -.25
-(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144 156 Q
+(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 492 Q
F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108
-172.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5
+508.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5
E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)
2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A 1.006
-(Read lines from the standard input into array v)144 201.6 R(ariable)
+(Read lines from the standard input into array v)144 537.6 R(ariable)
-.25 E F2(arr)3.506 E(ay)-.15 E F0 3.506(,o).32 G 3.506(rf)-3.506 G
-1.006(rom \214le descriptor)-3.506 F F2(fd)3.506 E F0 1.006(if the)3.506
-F F1<ad75>3.506 E F0 1.087(option is supplied.)144 213.6 R 1.087(The v)
-6.087 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(MAPFILE)3.587 E F0 1.086(is the def)3.587 F
-(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.586 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.086(.O)C 1.086
-(ptions, if supplied, ha)-6.086 F 1.386 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo)
-144 225.6 Q(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 237.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5
+1.006(rom \214le descriptor)-3.506 F F2(fd)3.506 E F0 1.005(if the)3.506
+F F1<ad75>3.505 E F0 1.086(option is supplied.)144 549.6 R 1.086(The v)
+6.086 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(MAPFILE)3.586 E F0 1.086(is the def)3.586 F
+(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.587 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.087(.O)C 1.087
+(ptions, if supplied, ha)-6.087 F 1.387 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo)
+144 561.6 Q(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 573.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5
(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18
-F F2(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 249.6
+F F2(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 585.6
Q F0(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E
-(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 261.6
+(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 597.6
Q F0(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
-<ad74>144 273.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
-(railing line from each line read.).15 E F1<ad75>144 285.6 Q F0
+<ad74>144 609.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
+(railing line from each line read.).15 E F1<ad75>144 621.6 Q F0
(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 297.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E
+(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 633.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E
(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum)
2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 309.6
+(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 645.6
Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2
-(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144
326.4 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0
+(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144
662.4 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0
(is speci\214ed without)2.5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he def)-2.5 E
-(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 E(If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q
+(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 E(If not supplied with an e)144 679.2 Q
(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)
-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 360 Q
-F0 .995(returns successfully unless an in)3.495 F -.25(va)-.4 G .996
-(lid option or option ar).25 F .996(gument is supplied, or)-.18 F F2
-(arr)3.496 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)3.496 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid or unassignable.).25 E F1(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0
-2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144
-400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)
--2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478
-(stack, and performs a)144 412.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)
-3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18
-(rg)-6.479 G 1.479(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-1.479(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 436.8
-Q F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F
-.551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F1(+)144 460.8 Q F2(n)A
-F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0
-.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F
-F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180
-472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0
-(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)
--.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 484.8 Q F2(n)A F0
-(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0
-1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)
--.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5
-(zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0
-(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65
-E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144
-513.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1
-(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)
-3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 525.6 R .416
-(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415
-(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915
-(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F
-(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
+2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 696 Q
+F0 .996(returns successfully unless an in)3.496 F -.25(va)-.4 G .996
+(lid option or option ar).25 F .995(gument is supplied, or)-.18 F F2
+(arr)3.495 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)3.495 E(in)144 708 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(lid or unassignable.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E
+(56)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 57 57
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5
+(][)C(+)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A
+F0(])A(Remo)144 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299
+(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar)
+.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3
+(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 108
+R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479
+(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478
+(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15
+F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 120 Q F1<ad6e>144 132 Q F0 .551
+(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551
+(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
+(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q F2(n)A F0
+(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14
+(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1
+(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 168
+S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo)
+2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E
+F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 180 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)
+25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259
+(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1
+(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 192
+R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15
+G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0
+(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 208.8 R F1(popd)3.144 E
+F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643
+(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643
+E F0 .415(returns f)144 220.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
+.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916
+(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F
+(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 232.8 Q
+(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372
-(Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F2(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372
+(Write the formatted)144 261.6 R F2(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372
(to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F2(format)2.872
E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F2(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\
tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\
-e simply)144 578.4 R .158
+e simply)144 273.6 R .159
(copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con)
-144 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .159(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\
+144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\
dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\
- of the ne)144 602.4 R .499(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)
-3.149 E(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 614.4 Q F0 5.423(.I)C 2.923(na)-5.423 G .423
-(ddition to the standard)-2.923 F F2(printf)2.923 E F0 .424
-(\(1\) formats,)B F1(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.924 E F1(printf)2.924 E F0
-.424(to e)2.924 F .424(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .977
-(sequences in the corresponding)144 626.4 R F2(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E
+ of the ne)144 297.6 R .5(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)3.15 E
+(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 309.6 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424
+(ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F2(printf)2.924 E F0 .424
+(\(1\) formats,)B F1(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F1(printf)2.923 E F0
+.423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976
+(sequences in the corresponding)144 321.6 R F2(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E
F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976
-(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F1<5c08>3.476 E F0(,)A F1
-(\\")3.476 E F0(,)A(and)144 638.4 Q F1(\\?)3.421 E F0 .921(are not remo)
-3.421 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922
-(ginning with)-.15 F F1(\\0)3.422 E F0 .922
-(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F1(%q)144 650.4 Q F0
-(causes)3.631 E F1(printf)3.631 E F0 1.131(to output the corresponding)
-3.631 F F2(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.13
-(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 662.4 Q(The)
-144 686.4 Q F1<ad76>2.903 E F0 .404
-(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.903 F(ariable)-.25 E
+(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F1<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F1
+(\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 333.6 Q F1(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo)
+3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922
+(ginning with)-.15 F F1(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921
+(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F1(%q)144 345.6 Q F0
+(causes)3.63 E F1(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63
+F F2(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131
+(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 357.6 Q(The)
+144 381.6 Q F1<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404
+(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E
F2(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F
-(standard output.)144 698.4 Q(The)144 722.4 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 .923
-(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E
+(standard output.)144 393.6 Q(The)144 417.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923
+(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E
(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
-3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
-(2008 June 29)147.345 E(56)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 57 57
+3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 429.6 Q(guments)-.37 E
+F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
+(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
+.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
+-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 441.6 Q(The return v)5 E
+(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
+108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
+<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0
+2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\
+irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 482.4 R 3.14(wt)
+-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 494.4 R 1.316
+(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315
+(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315
+(irectories and)-3.815 F .871
+(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 506.4 R 5.871(.A)
+-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 518.4 Q
+F1<ad6e>144 530.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\
+hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
+(only the stack is manipulated.)180 542.4 Q F1(+)144 554.4 Q F2(n)A F0
+1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
+(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
+-.25 F F1(dirs)180 566.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 578.4 Q F2(n)A F0
+.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
+(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
+F F1(dirs)180 590.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
+-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 602.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0
+(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
+G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 619.2
+R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)
+2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
+(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
+(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 631.2 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
+3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0
+1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 84 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033
-(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
-(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
-.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 96 Q(The return v)5 E
-(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)
--2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 124.8 Q
-F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a direct\
-ory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the\
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--.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316
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-(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171
--.15(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144
-172.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\
-ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 196.8 Q F2(+)144 208.8 Q F1(n)A F0
-1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.768 E F0 1.267
-(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
--.25 F F2(dirs)180 220.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 232.8 Q F1(n)A F0
-.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92
-(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)180 244.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 256.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0
-(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 273.6
-R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs)
-2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488
-(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G
-3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0
-1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 297.6
-R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\
-s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144
-309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108
-326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
-350.4 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2
-.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263
-(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.263 E F2<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
-F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
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--.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 403.2 S
-(ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F1(aname)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad64>-2.5 E F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad>-2.5 E
-F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
-(s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F2<ad74>-2.5 E F1(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E
-F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the\
- standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 415.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E
-F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 427.2 Q
-F2<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038
-(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G
-.038(he second w)-2.538 F .038(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E
-F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
-.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
-(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 451.2 R .541(wer w)
--.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\
-ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F
-.011(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
+-.35 E(option is supplied.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108
+100.8 S(ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad64>-2.5 E F2(delim)2.5
+E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5
+E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E
+(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F2(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(\
+One line is read from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)
+144 112.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516
+(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 124.8 Q F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038
+(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst)
+-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039
+(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42
+(and so on, with lefto)144 136.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
+(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
+(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
+.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 148.8 R .54(wer w)-.25
+F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
+are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 160.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
+(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
-(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891
-(be used to remo)144 475.2 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15
-H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89
+(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
+(be used to remo)144 172.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
+1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 499.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
-(The w)180 511.2 R 1.049
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 196.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
+180 208.8 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1
-(aname)180.33 523.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
-(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
-E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 535.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0
-(The \214rst character of)180 547.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0
+-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
+F2(aname)180.33 220.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 232.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0(The \214rst character of)180 244.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F2<ad65>144 559.2 Q F0 .373
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E
-(to obtain the line.)180 571.2 Q F2<ad69>144 583.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
-E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 595.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 607.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 619.2 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
-(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
-(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
--.1 F(input.)180 631.2 Q F2<ad70>144 643.2 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
-(Display)180 655.2 Q F1(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 667.2 Q
+F1<ad65>144 256.8 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E
+(to obtain the line.)180 268.8 Q F1<ad69>144 280.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
+E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
+-.25 F(ing be)180 292.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 304.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
+(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 316.8 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
+(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of)
+-.1 F(input.)180 328.8 Q F1<ad70>144 340.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
+(Display)180 352.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 364.8 Q
2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2
-<ad72>144 679.2 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 691.2 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
+<ad72>144 376.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 388.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F2<ad73>144 703.2 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 G(ad).18 E F0 1.048
-(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 400.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
+<ad74>144 412.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 424.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
+G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 108 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997
-(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 120 R .576(This option is only ef)
+180 436.8 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 448.8 R .576(This option is only ef)
5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .16
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 132 R .16
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 460.8 R .16
(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .16(gular \214les.)-.15 F .16(The e)
5.16 F .16(xit status)-.15 F(is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)180
-144 Q(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191
-(If no)144 172.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)-.25 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.218
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 184.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.718 G(ad)
-.18 E F0 1.217(times out, or an in)3.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.217
-(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 F(ar)144 196.8 Q
-(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S(adonly).18
-E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2
-(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
-(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
-.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144
-237.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 249.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+472.8 Q(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 484.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
+(If no)144 501.6 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
+F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
+(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 513.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
+.18 E F0 1.343
+(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
+(128\), or an in)144 525.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
+<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 542.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
+F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 554.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2
+(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
+(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 566.4 R
+1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 578.4 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 261.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038
+-.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 590.4 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037
(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
-3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08
-(of all readonly names is printed.)144 273.6 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E
-F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F
-1.177(be reused as input.)144 285.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176
+3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081
+(of all readonly names is printed.)144 602.4 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581
+E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581
+F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 614.4 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
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5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
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--.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246
-(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 386.4 R .082
+(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795
+(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 703.2 R F2(n)3.106
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+(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 715.2 R .082
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-([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)
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+(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 124.8 S .835
+(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
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-(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 535.2 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
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-.378(ut the last,)-.2 F .577(or if the command')184 619.2 R 3.078(sr)
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-.578(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.078 E F0 5.578(.F)C .578
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-R .84(the abo)184 643.2 R 1.14 -.15(ve c)-.15 H .84
-(onditions do not cause the shell to e).15 F 3.341(xit. A)-.15 F .841
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-655.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E F1<ad66>144 667.2 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E
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-(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238
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-<ad6b>144 703.2 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514
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+R .841(the abo)184 316.8 R 1.141 -.15(ve c)-.15 H .841
+(onditions do not cause the shell to e).15 F 3.341(xit. A)-.15 F .84
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+E F1<ad68>144 352.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)
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(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
-F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 715.2 Q
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-.149(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149
-F .148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636
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-(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 120 Q F1
-<ad6e>144 132 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653
-(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184
-144 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
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-184 168 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E
-(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
-A F1(emacs)184 228 Q F0 .089
+F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F
+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 388.8 Q F1
+<ad6d>144 400.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148
+(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
+.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637
+(on systems that support it \(see)184 412.8 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F
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+(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 424.8 R .642
+(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 436.8 Q F1
+<ad6e>144 448.8 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652
+(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184
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+E F1<ad6f>144 472.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 484.8 Q F2
+(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1
+(allexport)184 496.8 Q F0(Same as)224 508.8 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(braceexpand)184 520.8 Q F0(Same as)224 532.8 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(emacs)184 544.8 Q F0 .089
(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)
-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
-(when the shell is interacti)224 240 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
-(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
-F0(option.)224 252 Q F1(errtrace)184 264 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 288 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)
-A F1(err)184 300 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A
-F1(hashall)184 312 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(histexpand)184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history)184 348 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G
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-.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 372 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656
-(The ef)224 384 R 1.656(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10
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--.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 396 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0
-(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 408 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1
-E F0(Same as)224 420 Q F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 432 Q F0
-(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 444 Q(ber)-.1 E F0
-(Same as)224 456 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 468 Q F0(Same as)
-11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 480 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1
-<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)5 E F0(Currently ignored.)2.5 E F1(notify)
-184 492 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 504 Q F0
-(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 516 Q F0(Same as)6.67
-E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 528 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E
-F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 540 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)
-7.77 F 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
-(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 552 R
-1.136
-(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 564 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 576 Q F0
-2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
-2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
-(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 588 Q
-F3(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 600 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224
-612 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 624 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)
-7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 636 Q F0
-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 E(ace.)-.1 E F1
-(xtrace)184 648 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 666 Q
-F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F3(option\255name)
-3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553
-(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
-678 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F3(option\255name)3.572 E F0
-3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071
-(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 690 Q F1<ad70>
-144 702 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.821 E -.1
-(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
-F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072
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-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 714 R 1.705
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.205 E F0 -.25(va)184 726 S
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-(vironment, is ignored.)-.4 F 1.724(If the shell is started with the)
-6.724 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E(59)197.335 E 0 Cg
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(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
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-d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
-5.327 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 698.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 710.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 338.4 R(The)
+144 350.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)
+5.328 F(ha)144 362.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 374.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 386.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 398.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 722.4 R .256
-(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
+(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 410.4 R .255
+(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
-<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
-(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E(60)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(all)180 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)2.5 E F0
-(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144
-96 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F1(optname)2.5 E F0
-(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F2<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 112.8 R F2
-<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F2<ad75>2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no)
-2.627 F F1(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
-(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
-(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F2(shopt)3.523 E F0
-1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 136.8 Q(ault.)
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+(all)180 422.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
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+(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128
+(If either)144 451.2 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0
+.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
+(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023
+(are set or unset, respecti)144 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023
+(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0
+1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 475.2 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-153.6 R F1(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.045 F .696
+492 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
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(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 165.6 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 177.6 Q(The list of)144 194.4 Q F2(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(autocd)144 212.4 Q F0 .199
+144 504 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 516 Q(The list of)144 532.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 550.8 Q F0 .2
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 224.4 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment to the)184 562.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F2(cdable_v)144 236.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 248.4 R .156
-(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
+F1(cdable_v)144 574.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 586.8 R .155
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 260.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 272.4 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 598.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 610.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
-10.55 F F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 284.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 296.4 R 4.352 -.65
+10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
+(corrected. The)184 622.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 634.8 R 4.352 -.65
(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 308.4 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 646.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F2(checkhash)144 320.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 332.4 R F2(bash)4.58
-E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
-(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 344.4 S(cute it.).15 E
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 658.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)
+4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F
+2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 682.8 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 356.4
-Q F0 .448(If set,)184 368.4 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
-(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 380.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
-.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 1.456
-(attempted without an interv)184 392.4 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15
-F F2 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 404.4 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
-(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)
--2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 416.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 428.4 R F2(bash)
-3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796
-(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796
-(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 440.4 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F2(cmdhist)144 452.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F2(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 694.8
+Q F0 .449(If set,)184 706.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
+(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
+(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 718.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
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+(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 1.456
+(attempted without an interv)184 730.8 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15
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+3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)
+150.675 E(61)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 62 62
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+2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(checkwinsize)144 96 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796
+(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797
+(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G .797
+(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 120 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F1(cmdhist)144 132 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-464.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F2(compat31)144 476.4
-Q F0 .42(If set,)184 488.4 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
-F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
-(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E
-(to the conditional command')184 500.4 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G
-(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(dirspell)144 512.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F
-F2(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
-(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
+144 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 156 Q
+F0 .419(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919
+F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)
+-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 180 Q 2.5(s=)-.55
+G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(dirspell)144 192 Q F0 .859
+(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858
+(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 524.4 Q(xist.)-.15
-E F2(dotglob)144 536.4 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F2(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 204 Q(xist.)-.15 E
+F1(dotglob)144 216 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)
-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(execfail)144 548.4 Q F0 1.386
-(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
+(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 228 Q F0 1.387
+(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 560.4 Q
-(gument to the)-.18 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
+1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 240 Q
+(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15
-E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 572.4 Q
-F0 .717(If set, aliases are e)184 584.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo)
--.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(ALIASES)3.217 E F4(.)A F0
-.716(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 596.4 Q
-(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(extdeb)144
-608.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 620.4 Q
-(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F2(1.)184
-632.4 Q F0(The)28.5 E F2<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F2
-(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
-(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
-(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 644.4
-Q(gument.)-.18 E F2(2.)184 656.4 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)
-28.5 F F2(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167
-F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220
-668.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(3.)184 680.4 Q F0 .84
-(If the command run by the)28.5 F F2(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
-(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15
-(exe)220 692.4 S .488
+E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 252 Q F0
+.716(If set, aliases are e)184 264 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15
+F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717
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+(If set, beha)184 300 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E
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+(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 336 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5
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+Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 360 Q F0 .841
+(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
+(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15
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(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F2(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F2
-(sour)220 704.4 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F2
--.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F2 26(4. B)184
-716.4 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F2 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0
-1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220
-728.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 June 29)
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(5.)184 84 Q F0 1.359
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+408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 420 Q F0 1.359
(Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359
(command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220
-96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10
+432 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1
(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)
-184 108 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805
-(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 120
-Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2
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+(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 456
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(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0
-(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 132 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4
+(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 468 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4
(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 144 Q
-F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 156 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 168 R
-F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973
-E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within)
--4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G
-(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 180 Q
-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 192 Q F0
-1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425
-(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424
-(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 204 S(pansion error).15 E(.)
--.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 216 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
-.585(If set, the suf)184 228 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the)
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+E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within)
+-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G
+(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 516 Q
+(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 528 Q F0
+1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425
+(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425
+(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 540 S(pansion error).15 E(.)
+-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 552 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
+.585(If set, the suf)184 564 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the)
-.15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.085 E F0 .585(shell v)3.085 F .585(ariable cause w)
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+(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81
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+(names are case insensiti)144 132 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
+(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F1(sigspec)
+3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745
+(\(0\) the command)2.995 F F1(ar)144.33 144 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.63(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
+1.63(If a)6.63 F F1(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E
+/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.629(the command)3.88 F F1(ar)4.459 E(g)
+-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.206(before e)
+144 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.206(simple command)3.706 F F0(,)A
+F1(for)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F1(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E
+F1(select)3.707 E F0 1.207(command, e)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.207
+(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)144 168 Q F0 .412
+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .412
+(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .412(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0
+(abo)144 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.665(\). Refer).15 F .166
+(to the description of the)2.665 F F2(extdeb)2.666 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166
+(option to the)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)2.666 G .166
+(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .509(on the)144 192 R F2
+(DEB)3.009 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.009(trap. If)3.009 F(a)3.009 E F1(sigspec)
+3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508(the command)2.758 F
+F1(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .508(is e)3.228 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .508
+(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(ras).15 G .508(imple com-)-3.008
+F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 204 R 2.506
+(xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F
+(The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144
+216 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
+(ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105
+(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F2(until)2.605 E F0 -.1
+(ke)144 228 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)
+3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.549(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF<efef>
+3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .578(the command')144 240 R 3.078
+(sr)-.55 G .578(eturn v)-3.078 F .578(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)
+-.4 G .578(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.078 E F0 5.577(.T)C .577
+(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.577 F .577(yed by the)-.15 F F2
+(err)144 252 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.03(option. If)3.03 F(a)3.03 E F1
+(sigspec)3.37 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531
+(the command)2.781 F F1(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .531(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .317
+(or a script e)144 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)
+2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G .317
+(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F
+.316(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787
+(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 276 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787
+(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1
+(original v)144 288 R 1.1(alues in a child process when it is created.)
+-.25 F 1.1(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1
+(sigspec)3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 300 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise)
+.25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E
+-.4(Wi)144 328.8 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G
+(ach)-2.673 E F1(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
+F2<ad74>144 340.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0
+.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
+F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0
+(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1
+(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 352.8 Q F0 .086
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
+(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 364.8 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
+F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 376.8 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
+144 388.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
+G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
+F2<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
+E F0 .112(search for each)144 400.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
+(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
+-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
+.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F2<ad70>2.613 E
+F0(and)144 412.8 Q F2<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
+.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3
+-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F2<ad61>2.944
+E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 424.8 R F2(type)2.765 E F0 .265
(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
-(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the)
-144 120 R F3<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F .427
-(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using)
-144 132 R F3<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)-5.549 E F3<ad66>3.049 E F0
-.548(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F3
-(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 144 S(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5 E F0
+(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
+144 436.8 R F2<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
+(consulted when using)144 448.8 R F2<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
+-5.548 E F2<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2
+(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 460.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F3(ulimit)108 160.8
-Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 172.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 477.6
+Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 489.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 184.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F3<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.943(that allo)144 501.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F2<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 208.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F3<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F3<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-220.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 525.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F2<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F2<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+537.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 232.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F3
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 549.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .49
9(resource is printed, unless the)144 256.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
+F .49
8(resource is printed, unless the)144 573.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 268.8 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3
-<ad61>144
280.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F3<ad62>144
-292.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F3<ad63>144 304.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F3<ad64>144 316.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 328.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F3<ad66>144 340.8 Q
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 585.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
+<ad61>144
597.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
+609.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F2<ad63>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F2<ad64>144 633.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 645.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 657.6 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F3<ad69>144 352.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F3<ad6c>144 364.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F3<ad6d>144 376.8 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F3<ad6e>144 388.8 Q F0 .791(The \
+26.97 E F2<ad69>144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 693.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F2<ad6e>144 705.6 Q F0 .791(The \
maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 400.8 Q F3<ad70>144 412.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F3
-<ad71>144 424.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F3<ad72>144
-436.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F3<ad73>144
-448.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F3<ad74>144 460.8 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F3<ad75>144 472.8 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F3<ad76>144 484.8 Q F0
+24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+717.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E(65)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
+<ad71>144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 108 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144 120 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+132 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+144 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 156 Q F0
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell).25 E F3<ad78>144 496.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F3<ad54>144 508.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 525.6 Q F1(limit)2.933 E
-F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843
-(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F3<ad61>
-2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F
-.175(option is gi)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F3<ad66>
-2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F3
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 549.6
-Q F3<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F3<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F3<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F3<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F3
-<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 561.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 168 Q F0
+(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 180 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 196.8 Q/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
+(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi)
+144 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175
+(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 220.8
+Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1
+<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E
+3.788(ues. The)144 232.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-573.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F3(umask)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
-<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 602.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0
-5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
+244.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 273.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 614.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-626.4 Q F1(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
+pted by)144 285.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+297.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 638.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 309.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F3<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1
-(mode)144.38 650.4 Q F0 .552
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 662.4 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3
-(unalias)108 679.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F3(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 691.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(name)
+(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
+(mode)144.38 321.6 Q F0 .551
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--.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E
-(chet@po.cwru.edu)108 261.6 Q F2 -.11(BU)72 278.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)
--2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568(If you \214nd a b)108 290.4 R .568(ug in)-.2
-F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568(you should report it.)
-3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568
-(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 F 5.625
-(that it appears in the latest v)108 302.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F F3
-(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626
-(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626
-(ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 314.4 Q(g/pub/bash/)-.37 E F0
-(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 331.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411
-(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the)
--.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41
-(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 343.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214)
--.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595
-(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F
-(be mailed to)108 355.2 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
-(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
--.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 372 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108
-388.8 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 400.8 Q
-(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 412.8 Q
-2.5(Ad)108 424.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E
-2.5(As)108 436.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 453.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
+-.35 E(The compiler used to compile)108 84 Q 2.5(Ad)108 96 S
+(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E 2.5(As)108 108 S
+(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b).15
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(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro)
2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108
-470.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
-E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 487.2 S
-(GS).11 E F0(It')108 499.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E
--.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 516 R 1.869
-(ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)
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-(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 528 Q F0
-(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 544.8 Q
-(Shell b)108 561.6 Q
+141.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
+E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0
+SF -.11(BU)72 158.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 170.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
+(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868
+(There are some subtle dif)108 187.2 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F/F3
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869
+(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869
+(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 199.2 Q F0
+(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 216 Q
+(Shell b)108 232.8 Q
(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 578.4 R .39
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 590.4 R .389
-(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
-(mand in the sequence.)108 602.4 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \
-place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)
--.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 614.4 Q .956
-(Commands inside of)108 631.2 R F3($\()3.456 E F0(...)A F3(\))A F0 .956
+re not handled gracefully when)108 249.6 R .389
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 261.6 R .389
+(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
+108 273.6 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
+ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
+(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 285.6 Q .955
+(Commands inside of)108 302.4 R F3($\()3.455 E F0(...)A F3(\))A F0 .956
(command substitution are not parsed until substitution is attempted.)
-3.456 F .955(This will)5.955 F .567
+3.455 F .956(This will)5.956 F .567
(delay error reporting until some time after the command is entered.)108
-643.2 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .568
-(xample, unmatched parentheses,)-3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 655.2 T 2.5
+314.4 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .567
+(xample, unmatched parentheses,)-3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 326.4 T 2.5
(ni).25 G(nside shell comments, will result in error messages while the\
- construct is being read.)-2.5 E(Array v)108 672 Q
-(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72
-768 Q(2008 June 29)147.345 E(67)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+ construct is being read.)-2.5 E(Array v)108 343.2 Q
+(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
+(There may be only one acti)108 360 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 July 6)150.675 E
+(68)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
@xrdef{Command Grouping-title}{Grouping Commands}
@xrdef{Command Grouping-pg}{13}
@xrdef{Command Grouping-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4.3}
+@xrdef{Coprocesses-title}{Coprocesses}
+@xrdef{Coprocesses-pg}{14}
+@xrdef{Coprocesses-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.5}
@xrdef{Shell Functions-title}{Shell Functions}
@xrdef{Shell Functions-pg}{14}
@xrdef{Shell Functions-snt}{Section@tie 3.3}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-title}{Shell Parameters}
-@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{15}
+@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{16}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-title}{Positional Parameters}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{16}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.1}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters}
-@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{16}
+@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{17}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.2}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-title}{Shell Expansions}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{17}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.1}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-title}{Tilde Expansion}
-@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{19}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.2}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-title}{Shell Parameter Expansion}
-@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{19}
+@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{20}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.3}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-title}{Command Substitution}
-@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{22}
+@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting}
-@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{23}
+@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{24}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{24}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching}
-@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-title}{Quote Removal}
-@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{25}
+@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{26}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.9}
@xrdef{Redirections-title}{Redirections}
@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{26}
@xrdef{Redirections-snt}{Section@tie 3.6}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-title}{Executing Commands}
-@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{29}
+@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion}
-@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{29}
+@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.1}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Environment-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
@xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status}
-@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{32}
+@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5}
@xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals}
@xrdef{Signals-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts}
-@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{33}
+@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{34}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{35}
\entry{declare}{43}{\code {declare}}
\entry{echo}{44}{\code {echo}}
\entry{enable}{45}{\code {enable}}
-\entry{help}{45}{\code {help}}
+\entry{help}{46}{\code {help}}
\entry{let}{46}{\code {let}}
\entry{local}{46}{\code {local}}
\entry{logout}{46}{\code {logout}}
\entry {\code {getopts}}{37}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {hash}}{37}
-\entry {\code {help}}{45}
+\entry {\code {help}}{46}
\entry {\code {history}}{120}
\initial {J}
\entry {\code {jobs}}{88}
\entry{commands, looping}{10}{commands, looping}
\entry{commands, conditional}{10}{commands, conditional}
\entry{commands, grouping}{13}{commands, grouping}
+\entry{coprocess}{14}{coprocess}
\entry{shell function}{14}{shell function}
\entry{functions, shell}{14}{functions, shell}
-\entry{parameters}{15}{parameters}
-\entry{variable, shell}{15}{variable, shell}
-\entry{shell variable}{15}{shell variable}
+\entry{parameters}{16}{parameters}
+\entry{variable, shell}{16}{variable, shell}
+\entry{shell variable}{16}{shell variable}
\entry{parameters, positional}{16}{parameters, positional}
-\entry{parameters, special}{16}{parameters, special}
+\entry{parameters, special}{17}{parameters, special}
\entry{expansion}{17}{expansion}
\entry{brace expansion}{18}{brace expansion}
\entry{expansion, brace}{18}{expansion, brace}
-\entry{tilde expansion}{18}{tilde expansion}
-\entry{expansion, tilde}{18}{expansion, tilde}
-\entry{parameter expansion}{19}{parameter expansion}
-\entry{expansion, parameter}{19}{expansion, parameter}
-\entry{command substitution}{22}{command substitution}
+\entry{tilde expansion}{19}{tilde expansion}
+\entry{expansion, tilde}{19}{expansion, tilde}
+\entry{parameter expansion}{20}{parameter expansion}
+\entry{expansion, parameter}{20}{expansion, parameter}
+\entry{command substitution}{23}{command substitution}
\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{23}{expansion, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic expansion}{23}{arithmetic expansion}
\entry{process substitution}{23}{process substitution}
-\entry{word splitting}{23}{word splitting}
+\entry{word splitting}{24}{word splitting}
\entry{expansion, filename}{24}{expansion, filename}
\entry{expansion, pathname}{24}{expansion, pathname}
\entry{filename expansion}{24}{filename expansion}
\entry{pathname expansion}{24}{pathname expansion}
-\entry{pattern matching}{24}{pattern matching}
-\entry{matching, pattern}{24}{matching, pattern}
+\entry{pattern matching}{25}{pattern matching}
+\entry{matching, pattern}{25}{matching, pattern}
\entry{redirection}{26}{redirection}
-\entry{command expansion}{29}{command expansion}
+\entry{command expansion}{30}{command expansion}
\entry{command execution}{30}{command execution}
\entry{command search}{30}{command search}
\entry{execution environment}{31}{execution environment}
\entry{environment}{32}{environment}
-\entry{exit status}{32}{exit status}
+\entry{exit status}{33}{exit status}
\entry{signal handling}{33}{signal handling}
-\entry{shell script}{33}{shell script}
+\entry{shell script}{34}{shell script}
\entry{special builtin}{58}{special builtin}
\entry{login shell}{71}{login shell}
\entry{interactive shell}{71}{interactive shell}
\initial {C}
\entry {command editing}{91}
\entry {command execution}{30}
-\entry {command expansion}{29}
+\entry {command expansion}{30}
\entry {command history}{119}
\entry {command search}{30}
-\entry {command substitution}{22}
+\entry {command substitution}{23}
\entry {command timing}{8}
\entry {commands, compound}{9}
\entry {commands, conditional}{10}
\entry {completion builtins}{114}
\entry {configuration}{125}
\entry {control operator}{3}
+\entry {coprocess}{14}
\initial {D}
\entry {directory stack}{79}
\initial {E}
\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{76}
\entry {event designators}{122}
\entry {execution environment}{31}
-\entry {exit status}{3, 32}
+\entry {exit status}{3, 33}
\entry {expansion}{17}
\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{23}
\entry {expansion, brace}{18}
\entry {expansion, filename}{24}
-\entry {expansion, parameter}{19}
+\entry {expansion, parameter}{20}
\entry {expansion, pathname}{24}
-\entry {expansion, tilde}{18}
+\entry {expansion, tilde}{19}
\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{76}
\entry {expressions, conditional}{75}
\initial {F}
\entry {localization}{7}
\entry {login shell}{71}
\initial {M}
-\entry {matching, pattern}{24}
+\entry {matching, pattern}{25}
\entry {metacharacter}{3}
\initial {N}
\entry {name}{3}
\initial {O}
\entry {operator, shell}{3}
\initial {P}
-\entry {parameter expansion}{19}
-\entry {parameters}{15}
+\entry {parameter expansion}{20}
+\entry {parameters}{16}
\entry {parameters, positional}{16}
-\entry {parameters, special}{16}
+\entry {parameters, special}{17}
\entry {pathname expansion}{24}
-\entry {pattern matching}{24}
+\entry {pattern matching}{25}
\entry {pipeline}{8}
\entry {POSIX}{3}
\entry {POSIX Mode}{83}
\initial {S}
\entry {shell arithmetic}{76}
\entry {shell function}{14}
-\entry {shell script}{33}
-\entry {shell variable}{15}
+\entry {shell script}{34}
+\entry {shell variable}{16}
\entry {shell, interactive}{73}
\entry {signal}{4}
\entry {signal handling}{33}
\entry {startup files}{71}
\entry {suspending jobs}{87}
\initial {T}
-\entry {tilde expansion}{18}
+\entry {tilde expansion}{19}
\entry {token}{4}
\entry {translation, native languages}{7}
\initial {V}
-\entry {variable, shell}{15}
+\entry {variable, shell}{16}
\entry {variables, readline}{95}
\initial {W}
\entry {word}{4}
-\entry {word splitting}{23}
+\entry {word splitting}{24}
\initial {Y}
\entry {yanking text}{93}
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on July, 2 2008 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on July, 24 2008 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 June 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 6 July 2008).
</P><P>
-This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 June 2008,
+This is Edition 4.0, last updated 6 July 2008,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.0.
</P><P>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Some definitions used in the rest of this
manual.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell "building blocks".</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you
to use it.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
editing features.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
between Bash and historical
versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="Introduction"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 2. Definitions </H1>
<DT><CODE>operator</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A>
A <CODE>control operator</CODE> or a <CODE>redirection operator</CODE>.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators.
<P>
<DT><CODE>process group</CODE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6">3.1 Shell Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What your input means to the shell.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The types of commands you can use.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various
expansions available.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3>
<OL>
<LI>
-Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string
+Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string
supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal.
<P>
<LI>
Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules
described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A>. These tokens are separated by
<CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. Alias expansion is performed by this step
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<P>
<LI>
-Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking
-the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>)
+Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking
+the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>)
and commands and arguments.
<P>
<LI>
-Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes
+Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes
the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list.
<P>
<LI>
-Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7 Executing Commands</A>).
+Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit
-status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>).
+status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>).
<P>
</OL>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3>
has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
represent itself.
When the command history expansion facilities are being used
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted
-to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
+to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
more details concerning history expansion.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4>
<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>,
and, when history expansion is enabled, <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>.
The characters <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> and <SAMP>``'</SAMP>
-retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of
the following characters:
<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`"'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, or <CODE>newline</CODE>.
</P><P>
The special parameters <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> have special meaning
-when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="ANSI-C Quoting"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3>
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
<CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>),
+builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>),
a word beginning with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>
causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
be ignored. An interactive shell without the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
option enabled does not allow comments. The <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
option is on by default in interactive shells.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes
a shell interactive.
</P><P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2>
commands.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to execute commands sequentially.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Shell commands for control flow.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Two-way communication between commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3>
rest of the words being that command's arguments.
</P><P>
-The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is
+The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is
its exit status as provided
by the POSIX 1003.1 <CODE>waitpid</CODE> function, or 128+<VAR>n</VAR> if
the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3>
by POSIX.
The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be set to a format string that
specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
The use of <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word permits the timing of
shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external
<CODE>time</CODE> command cannot time these easily.
</P><P>
Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit
status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the
pipeline, unless the <CODE>pipefail</CODE> option is enabled
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
If <CODE>pipefail</CODE> is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
or zero if all commands exit successfully.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3>
This is known as executing the command in the <VAR>background</VAR>.
The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return
status is 0 (true).
-When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>),
+When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>),
the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any
explicit redirections, is redirected from <CODE>/dev/null</CODE>.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3>
Compound commands are the shell programming constructs.
Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is
terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator.
-Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command
+Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command
apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4>
If <SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is not present, the <CODE>for</CODE> command
executes the <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each positional parameter that is
set, as if <SAMP>`in "$@"'</SAMP> had been specified
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>).
The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
If there are no items in the expansion of <VAR>words</VAR>, no commands are
executed, and the return status is zero.
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done
</pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
-to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly
until it evaluates to zero.
Each time <VAR>expr2</VAR> evaluates to a non-zero value, <VAR>commands</VAR> are
</DL>
<P>
-The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
may be used to control loop execution.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4>
<CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to
the first <VAR>pattern</VAR> that matches <VAR>word</VAR>.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> is used to separate multiple patterns, and the <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
The arithmetic <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the rules
-described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let "<VAR>expression</VAR>"
-</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin.
+</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>[[<small>...</small>]]</CODE>
Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
the conditional expression <VAR>expression</VAR>.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and
variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
When the <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP> operators are used, the string to the
right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
-to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The return value is 0 if the string matches (<SAMP>`=='</SAMP>) or does not
If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
expression's return value is 2.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
-environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each
+environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each
of the commands in <VAR>list</VAR> to be executed in that subshell. Since the
<VAR>list</VAR> is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in
effect after the subshell completes.
<VAR>list</VAR>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A>
+<A NAME="Coprocesses"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC23"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.2.5 Coprocesses </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC23::-->
+<P>
+
+A <CODE>coprocess</CODE> is a shell command preceded by the <CODE>coproc</CODE>
+reserved word.
+A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+had been terminated with the <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> control operator, with a two-way pipe
+established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+</P><P>
+
+The format for a coprocess is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>coproc</CODE> [<VAR>NAME</VAR>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>redirections</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+This creates a coprocess named <VAR>NAME</VAR>.
+If <VAR>NAME</VAR> is not supplied, the default name is <VAR>COPROC</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+named <VAR>NAME</VAR> in the context of the executing shell.
+The standard output of <VAR>command</VAR>
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[0].
+The standard input of <VAR>command</VAR>
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[1].
+This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
+command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
+and redirections using standard word expansions.
+</P><P>
+
+The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
+available as the value of the variable <VAR>NAME</VAR>_PID.
+The <CODE>wait</CODE>
+builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+</P><P>
+
+The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC24"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC23::-->
+<!--docid::SEC24::-->
<P>
Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution
may be any compound command listed above.
<VAR>compound-command</VAR> is executed whenever <VAR>name</VAR> is specified as the
name of a command.
-Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function
+Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function
are performed when the function is executed.
</P><P>
A function definition may be deleted using the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
When a function is executed, the arguments to the
function become the positional parameters
-during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>).
+during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>).
The special parameter <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> that expands to the number of
positional parameters is updated to reflect the change.
Special parameter <CODE>0</CODE> is unchanged.
the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE> option has been enabled with
the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin,
(in which case all functions inherit the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps).
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the
<CODE>trap</CODE> builtin.
</P><P>
Function names and definitions may be listed with the
<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
will list the function names only
(and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE>
Functions may be exported so that subshells
automatically have them defined with the
<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>export</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
shell's children.
<A NAME="Shell Parameters"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC24"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC25"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC24::-->
+<!--docid::SEC25::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
A <VAR>variable</VAR> is a parameter denoted by a <CODE>name</CODE>.
A variable has a <VAR>value</VAR> and zero or more <VAR>attributes</VAR>.
Attributes are assigned using the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command
-(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
</P><P>
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
removal (detailed below). If the variable has its <CODE>integer</CODE>
attribute set, then <VAR>value</VAR>
is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the <CODE>$((<small>...</small>))</CODE>
-expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>).
+expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>).
Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
of <CODE>"$@"</CODE> as explained below.
Filename expansion is not performed.
</P><P>
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP>
+to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP>
operator can be used to
append to or add to the variable's previous value.
When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute
has been set, <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and
added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the
variable's value is not unset (as it is when using <SAMP>`='</SAMP>), and new
values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
<A NAME="Positional Parameters"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC25"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC26"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC25::-->
+<!--docid::SEC26::-->
<P>
A <VAR>positional parameter</VAR> is a parameter denoted by one or more
as <CODE>$N</CODE> when <CODE>N</CODE> consists of a single digit.
Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.
The <CODE>set</CODE> and <CODE>shift</CODE> builtins are used to set and
-unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>).
+unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>).
The positional parameters are
temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
</P><P>
When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
<A NAME="Special Parameters"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC26"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC27"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC26::-->
+<!--docid::SEC27::-->
<P>
The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
<DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A>
Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
-If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
+If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
then <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the first argument after the string to be
executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
<A NAME="Shell Expansions"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC27"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC28"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC27::-->
+<!--docid::SEC28::-->
<P>
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a
command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate
arguments.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from
words.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
expand a single word to a single word.
The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
-<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
</P><P>
-After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>)
+After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>)
is performed.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Brace Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC28"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC29"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC28::-->
+<!--docid::SEC29::-->
<P>
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
This mechanism is similar to
-<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>),
+<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>),
but the file names generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional <VAR>preamble</VAR>,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a seqeunce expression
<A NAME="Tilde Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC29"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC30"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC29::-->
+<!--docid::SEC30::-->
<P>
If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (<SAMP>`~'</SAMP>), all of the
the tilde-prefix is replaced with the
corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed
by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin invoked with the characters following tilde
-in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a
leading <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> is assumed.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Parameter Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC30"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC31"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC30::-->
+<!--docid::SEC31::-->
<P>
The <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> character introduces parameter expansion,
If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, expands to the substring of
<VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>.
<VAR>length</VAR> and <VAR>offset</VAR> are arithmetic expressions
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
<P>
<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>##<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
<DD>The <VAR>word</VAR>
is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
-expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches
+expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches
the beginning of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>,
then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>
with the shortest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> case) or the
<A NAME="Command Substitution"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC31"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC32"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC31::-->
+<!--docid::SEC32::-->
<P>
Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace
<A NAME="Arithmetic Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC32"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC33"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC32::-->
+<!--docid::SEC33::-->
<P>
Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
</P><P>
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating
failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Process Substitution"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC33"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC34"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC33::-->
+<!--docid::SEC34::-->
<P>
Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
<A NAME="Word Splitting"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC34"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC35"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC34::-->
+<!--docid::SEC35::-->
<P>
The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution,
<A NAME="Filename Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC35"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC36"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC35::-->
+<!--docid::SEC36::-->
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="IDX64"></A>
<A NAME="IDX65"></A>
<P>
After word splitting, unless the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option has been set
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters
<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`['</SAMP>.
If one of these characters appears, then the word is
regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>,
In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially.
</P><P>
-See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>,
+See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>,
for a description of the <CODE>nocaseglob</CODE>, <CODE>nullglob</CODE>,
<CODE>failglob</CODE>, and <CODE>dotglob</CODE> options.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Pattern Matching"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC36"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC37"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC36::-->
+<!--docid::SEC37::-->
<P>
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
<A NAME="Quote Removal"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC37"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC38"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC37::-->
+<!--docid::SEC38::-->
<P>
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
<A NAME="Redirections"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC38"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC39"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC38::-->
+<!--docid::SEC39::-->
<P>
Before a command is executed, its input and output
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC39"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC40"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC39::-->
+<!--docid::SEC40::-->
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
to be opened for reading on file descriptor <CODE>n</CODE>,
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC40"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC41"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC40::-->
+<!--docid::SEC41::-->
Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
to be opened for writing on file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC41"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC42"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC41::-->
+<!--docid::SEC42::-->
Redirection of output in this fashion
causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC42"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC43"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC42::-->
+<!--docid::SEC43::-->
This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC43"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC44"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC43::-->
+<!--docid::SEC44::-->
This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC44"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC44::-->
+<!--docid::SEC45::-->
This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only <VAR>word</VAR>
(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC45::-->
+<!--docid::SEC46::-->
A variant of here documents, the format is:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC47"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC46::-->
+<!--docid::SEC47::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC47"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC48"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC47::-->
+<!--docid::SEC48::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>digit</VAR>-
</pre></td></tr></table>moves the file descriptor <VAR>digit</VAR> to file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC48"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC49"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC48::-->
+<!--docid::SEC49::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<><VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>causes the file whose name is the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
<A NAME="Executing Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC49"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC50"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC49::-->
+<!--docid::SEC50::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before
executing them.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash
executes commands that are not
shell builtins.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash
interprets it.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs
receives a signal.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Simple Command Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC50"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC51"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC50::-->
+<!--docid::SEC51::-->
<P>
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
<LI>
The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
-expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
If any words remain after expansion, the first word
is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
the arguments.
<P>
<LI>
-Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Command Search and Execution"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC51"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC52"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC51::-->
+<!--docid::SEC52::-->
<P>
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
<LI>
If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
-function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A>.
+function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>.
<P>
<LI>
<CODE>$PATH</CODE> for a directory containing an executable file
by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full
pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple <CODE>PATH</CODE> searches
-(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
A full search of the directories in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>
is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
<VAR>shell script</VAR> and the shell executes it as described in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>.
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Command Execution Environment"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC52"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC53"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC52::-->
+<!--docid::SEC53::-->
<P>
The shell has an <VAR>execution environment</VAR>, which consists of the
<P>
<LI>
-options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
<P>
<LI>
-shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>)
+shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>)
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
-exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A>)
+exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>)
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Environment"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC53"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC54"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC53::-->
+<!--docid::SEC54::-->
<P>
When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
The environment for any simple command
or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
-parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>.
+parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>.
These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
by that command.
</P><P>
-If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all
+If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all
parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
not just those that precede the command name.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Exit Status"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC54"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC55"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC54::-->
+<!--docid::SEC55::-->
<P>
The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
<A NAME="Signals"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC55"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC56"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC55::-->
+<!--docid::SEC56::-->
<P>
When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
is caught and handled (so that the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin is interruptible).
When Bash receives a <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, it breaks out of any executing loops.
In all cases, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>.
-If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>), Bash
+If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), Bash
ignores <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
</P><P>
To prevent the shell from sending the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> signal to a
particular job, it should be removed
from the jobs table with the <CODE>disown</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked
to not receive <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> using <CODE>disown -h</CODE>.
</P><P>
If the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been set with <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when
an interactive login shell exits.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Scripts"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC57"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC56::-->
+<!--docid::SEC57::-->
<P>
A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such
a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash,
and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option is supplied
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This
mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first
searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the
This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a
new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the
exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
-(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
are retained by the child.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Builtin Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC57"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC58"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC57::-->
+<!--docid::SEC58::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
Shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and
optional behavior.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by
POSIX.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin
commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
Many of the builtins have been extended by POSIX or Bash.
<A NAME="Bourne Shell Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC58"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC59"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC58::-->
+<!--docid::SEC59::-->
<P>
The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>.
Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
<CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options.
<P>
<DD>If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the expression is true if and
only if the second argument is null.
If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression
is true if the unary test is true.
If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is
false.
<DT>3 arguments
<DD>If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
-operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the
+operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
first and third arguments as operands.
The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> operators are considered binary operators
<CODE>select</CODE> command, every arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> command, and before
the first command executes in a shell function.
Refer to the description of the <CODE>extglob</CODE> option to the
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its
effect on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>ERR</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR>
is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
<A NAME="Bash Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC59"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC60"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC59::-->
+<!--docid::SEC60::-->
<P>
This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each <VAR>name</VAR>
whose <VAR>value</VAR> is given. If no <VAR>value</VAR> is given, the name
and value of the alias is printed.
-Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>bind</CODE>
bind <VAR>readline-command</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
-Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
key and function bindings,
bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro,
or set a Readline variable.
Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
-Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A>),
+Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>),
but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
<SAMP>`"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>declare</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX94"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare [-aAfFirtx] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Declare variables and give them attributes. If no <VAR>name</VAR>s
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option inhibits the display of function definitions;
only the function name and attributes are printed.
If the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option is enabled using <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where
the function is defined are displayed as well.
<SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> implies <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>.
The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
-<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-A</CODE>
-<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
<DD>The variable is to be treated as
-an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is
+an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is
performed when the variable is assigned a value.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
+<DD>When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
+converted to lower-case.
+The upper-case attribute is disabled.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
<DD>Make <VAR>name</VAR>s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
+<DD>When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are
+converted to upper-case.
+The lower-case attribute is disabled.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>-x</CODE>
<DD>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> for export to subsequent commands via
the environment.
an attempt is made to define a function using <SAMP>`-f foo=bar'</SAMP>,
an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
-using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>),
+using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>),
one of the <VAR>names</VAR> is not a valid shell variable name,
an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed.
The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option restricts <CODE>enable</CODE> to the POSIX special
builtins. If <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is used with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>, the new builtin becomes
-a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
+a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not a shell builtin
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the
-rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
+rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1;
otherwise 0 is returned.
<P>
If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the
variable <CODE>REPLY</CODE>.
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <CODE>read</CODE>
-times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to
-<SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
-Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
+invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
<P>
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-a <VAR>aname</VAR></CODE>
<DD>The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable
<P>
<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
-<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line.
+<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-i <VAR>text</VAR></CODE>
<DT><CODE>source</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR>
-</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>type</CODE>
Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is
supplied, all aliases are removed.
-Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
</P><P>
</DL>
<A NAME="Modifying Shell Behavior"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC60"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC61"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC60::-->
+<!--docid::SEC61::-->
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and
positional parameters.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="The Set Builtin"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC61"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC62"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC61::-->
+<!--docid::SEC62::-->
<P>
This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. <CODE>set</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
-<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>).
+<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>emacs</CODE>
-<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>errexit</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
+<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
This option is on by default in interactive shells.
<P>
<DT><CODE>posix</CODE>
<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
standard.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-B</CODE>
-<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
+<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
This option is on by default.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-H</CODE>
-<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
This option is on by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<A NAME="The Shopt Builtin"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC62"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC63"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC62::-->
+<!--docid::SEC63::-->
<P>
This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
<DT><CODE>-o</CODE>
<DD>Restricts the values of
<VAR>optname</VAR> to be those defined for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
</DL>
<P>
<DD>If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
-intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>).
+intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>).
The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
<P>
<DT><CODE>expand_aliases</CODE>
<DD>If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<OL>
<LI>
-The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function
name supplied as an argument.
<P>
<LI>
<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> are updated as described in their
-descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<DT><CODE>extglob</CODE>
<DD>If set, the extended pattern matching features described above
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled.
<P>
<DT><CODE>extquote</CODE>
<DD>If set, the suffixes specified by the <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> shell variable
cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
the ignored words are the only possible completions.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>hostcomplete</CODE>
<DD>If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform
hostname completion when a word containing a <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is being
-completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled
+completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled
by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>huponexit</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash will send <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive
-login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
<DT><CODE>login_shell</CODE>
<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
The value may not be changed.
<P>
<DT><CODE>progcomp</CODE>
<DD>If set, the programmable completion facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled.
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DD>If set, prompt strings undergo
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal after being expanded
-as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>restricted_shell</CODE>
<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
The value may not be changed.
This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
<A NAME="Special Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC63"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC64"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC63::-->
+<!--docid::SEC64::-->
<P>
For historical reasons, the POSIX standard has classified
When Bash is not executing in POSIX mode, these builtins behave no
differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands.
-The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>.
+The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>.
</P><P>
These are the POSIX special builtins:
<A NAME="Shell Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC64"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC65"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC64::-->
+<!--docid::SEC65::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way
as the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bourne Shell Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC65"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC66"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC65::-->
+<!--docid::SEC66::-->
<P>
Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell.
The current user's home directory; the default for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin
command.
The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX115"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS1</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX128"></A>
The primary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`\s-\v\$ '</SAMP>.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
sequences that are expanded before <CODE>PS1</CODE> is displayed.
<P>
<A NAME="Bash Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC66"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC67"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC66::-->
+<!--docid::SEC67::-->
<P>
These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells
A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters:
variables for controlling the job control facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>).
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DD><A NAME="IDX136"></A>
An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array
elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
<P>
subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>.
The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin).
<P>
at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
are pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>.
The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin).
<P>
<DD><A NAME="IDX142"></A>
An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
hash table of commands as maintained by the <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array
elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
<P>
<DD><A NAME="IDX146"></A>
If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
-to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX147"></A>
<A NAME="IDX157"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX158"></A>
-A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
<P>
An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current
cursor position.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX165"></A>
The current command line.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX167"></A>
the value of this variable is equal to <CODE>${#COMP_LINE}</CODE>.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX169"></A>
<SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, for menu completion.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX171"></A>
The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
separate them.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX177"></A>
<DD><A NAME="IDX178"></A>
An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
-facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX179"></A>
<DT><CODE>histchars</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX196"></A>
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
-substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
The first character is the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the
start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the
results of filename expansion, and
determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX227"></A>
<DD><A NAME="IDX228"></A>
This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
-matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX229"></A>
<A NAME="IDX247"></A>
<DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX248"></A>
-An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
containing a list of exit status values from the processes
in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
contain only a single command).
<DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX250"></A>
If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell
-enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
+enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied.
If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode,
as if the command
<DD><A NAME="IDX256"></A>
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <CODE>\w</CODE> and
-<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
<P>
<DT><CODE>PS4</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX260"></A>
The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
-when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as
necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>.
<DD><A NAME="IDX272"></A>
A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The options appearing in <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> are those reported
as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`set -o'</SAMP>.
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
<DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX278"></A>
If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the
-default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates
if input does not arrive after <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> seconds when input is coming
from a terminal.
<A NAME="Bash Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC67"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC68"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 6. Bash Features </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC67::-->
+<!--docid::SEC68::-->
<P>
This section describes features unique to Bash.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give
to Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for
the <CODE>test</CODE> builtin.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Invoking Bash"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC68"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC69"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC68::-->
+<!--docid::SEC69::-->
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
In addition to the single-character shell command-line options
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), there are several multi-character
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), there are several multi-character
options that you can use. These options must appear on the command
line before the single-character options to be recognized.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>--debugger</CODE>
<DD>Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
-starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin) and shell function tracing
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE>
option).
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>--noediting</CODE>
-<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
<P>
<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This
is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
-standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash
+standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash
POSIX mode.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--restricted</CODE>
-<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE>
<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
<DD>Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
-described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
be executed.
<SAMP>`exec bash -l'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`exec bash --login'</SAMP>
will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior
of a login shell.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
-<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
<DT><CODE>[-+]O [<VAR>shopt_option</VAR>]</CODE>
<DD><VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is one of the shell options accepted by the
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is present, <SAMP>`-O'</SAMP> sets the value of that option;
<SAMP>`+O'</SAMP> unsets it.
If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified,
without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both
connected to terminals (as determined by <CODE>isatty(3)</CODE>), or one
-started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more
+started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more
information.
</P><P>
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
<SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP>
option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>).
+be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>).
When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <CODE>$0</CODE>
is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
are set to the remaining arguments.
<A NAME="Bash Startup Files"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC69"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC70"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC69::-->
+<!--docid::SEC70::-->
<P>
This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under
-Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
</P><P>
-Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC70"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC71"></A>
<H4> Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC70::-->
+<!--docid::SEC71::-->
<P>
When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a
the file <TT>`~/.bash_logout'</TT>, if it exists.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC71"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC72"></A>
<H4> Invoked as an interactive non-login shell </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC71::-->
+<!--docid::SEC72::-->
<P>
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash
</pre></td></tr></table>after (or before) any login-specific initializations.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC72"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC73"></A>
<H4> Invoked non-interactively </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC72::-->
+<!--docid::SEC73::-->
<P>
When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script,
login shell startup files.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC73"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC74"></A>
<H4> Invoked with name <CODE>sh</CODE> </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC73::-->
+<!--docid::SEC74::-->
<P>
If Bash is invoked with the name <CODE>sh</CODE>, it tries to mimic the
the startup files are read.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC74"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC75"></A>
<H4> Invoked in POSIX mode </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC74::-->
+<!--docid::SEC75::-->
<P>
When Bash is started in POSIX mode, as with the
No other startup files are read.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC75"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC76"></A>
<H4> Invoked by remote shell daemon </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC75::-->
+<!--docid::SEC76::-->
<P>
Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
allow them to be specified.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC76"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC77"></A>
<H4> Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC76::-->
+<!--docid::SEC77::-->
<P>
If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
<A NAME="Interactive Shells"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC77"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC77::-->
+<!--docid::SEC78::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="What is an Interactive Shell?"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC79"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC78::-->
+<!--docid::SEC79::-->
<P>
An interactive shell
<A NAME="Is this Shell Interactive?"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC79"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC80"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC79::-->
+<!--docid::SEC80::-->
<P>
To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is
<A NAME="Interactive Shell Behavior"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC80"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC81"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC80::-->
+<!--docid::SEC81::-->
<P>
When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
<OL>
<LI>
-Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
<P>
<LI>
-Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job
+Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job
control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control
signals <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
<P>
<LI>
Bash executes the value of the <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> variable as a command
before printing the primary prompt, <CODE>$PS1</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from
+Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from
the user's terminal.
<P>
<LI>
Bash inspects the value of the <CODE>ignoreeof</CODE> option to <CODE>set -o</CODE>
instead of exiting immediately when it receives an <CODE>EOF</CODE> on its
-standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
-and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
+Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
are enabled by default.
Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>
when an interactive shell exits.
<P>
<LI>
-Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default.
+Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default.
<P>
<LI>
In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<LI>
In the absence of any traps, <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled
-((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<CODE>SIGINT</CODE> will interrupt some shell builtins.
<P>
<LI>
An interactive login shell sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs on exit
-if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> invocation option is ignored, and <SAMP>`set -n'</SAMP> has
-no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the
<CODE>MAIL</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> shell variables
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after
<SAMP>`set -u'</SAMP> has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by <VAR>var</VAR> being unset
or null in <CODE>${<VAR>var</VAR>:?<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE> expansions
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
When running in POSIX mode, a special builtin returning an error
-status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<LI>
A failed <CODE>exec</CODE> will not cause the shell to exit
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <CODE>cd</CODE>
builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the <CODE>cdspell</CODE>
-option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The shell will check the value of the <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> variable and exit
if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
-printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
</OL>
<A NAME="Bash Conditional Expressions"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC81"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC82"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC81::-->
+<!--docid::SEC82::-->
<P>
Conditional expressions are used by the <CODE>[[</CODE> compound command
<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>optname</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled.
The list of options appears in the description of the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP>
-option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
<A NAME="Shell Arithmetic"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC82"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC83"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC82::-->
+<!--docid::SEC83::-->
<P>
The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of
<A NAME="Aliases"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC83"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC84"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC83::-->
+<!--docid::SEC84::-->
<P>
<VAR>Aliases</VAR> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text,
as in <CODE>csh</CODE>.
If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
</P><P>
Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive,
unless the <CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> shell option is set using
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
</P><P>
The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
<A NAME="Arrays"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC85"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC84::-->
+<!--docid::SEC85::-->
<P>
Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
-expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based;
+expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based;
associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
</P><P>
<A NAME="The Directory Stack"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC85"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC85::-->
+<!--docid::SEC86::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate
the directory stack.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Directory Stack Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC86::-->
+<!--docid::SEC87::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC87::-->
+<!--docid::SEC88::-->
<P>
The value of the variable <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> is examined just before
The command number and the history number are usually different:
the history number of a command is its position in the history
list, which may include commands restored from the history file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
shell session.
</P><P>
After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
-<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="The Restricted Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC88::-->
+<!--docid::SEC89::-->
<P>
If Bash is started with the name <CODE>rbash</CODE>, or the
</P><P>
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in
the shell spawned to execute the script.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Bash POSIX Mode"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC90"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC89::-->
+<!--docid::SEC90::-->
<P>
Starting Bash with the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> command-line option or executing
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="Job Control"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC90"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC91"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 7. Job Control </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC90::-->
+<!--docid::SEC91::-->
<P>
This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact
with job control.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job
control.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Job Control Basics"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC91"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC92"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC91::-->
+<!--docid::SEC92::-->
<P>
Job control
before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
any other output.
If the <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled,
-Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
Any trap on <CODE>SIGCHLD</CODE> is executed for each child process
that exits.
</P><P>
If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if
-the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the
+the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the
shell prints a warning message, and if the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is
enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.
The <CODE>jobs</CODE> command may then be used to inspect their status.
<A NAME="Job Control Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC92"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC93"></A>
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-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC92::-->
+<!--docid::SEC93::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Job Control Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC93"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC94"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC93::-->
+<!--docid::SEC94::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
if set to <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP>,
the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
stopped job. The <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP> value provides functionality
-analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>).
+analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>).
If set to any other value, the supplied string must
be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID.
<A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC94"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC95"></A>
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-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC94::-->
+<!--docid::SEC95::-->
<P>
This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
available for binding</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for
a specific command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC95"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC96"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC95::-->
+<!--docid::SEC96::-->
<P>
The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically,
<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all
stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>).
If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will
produce the desired character.
The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on
<A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC96"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC97"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC96::-->
+<!--docid::SEC97::-->
<P>
Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text,
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC97"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC98"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC97::-->
+<!--docid::SEC98::-->
<P>
In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed
<A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC98"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC99"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC98::-->
+<!--docid::SEC99::-->
<P>
The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need
<A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC99"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC100"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC99::-->
+<!--docid::SEC100::-->
<P>
<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
<A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC100"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC101"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC100::-->
+<!--docid::SEC101::-->
<P>
You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the
<A NAME="Searching"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC101"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC102"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC101::-->
+<!--docid::SEC102::-->
<P>
Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC102"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC103"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC102::-->
+<!--docid::SEC103::-->
<P>
Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC103"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC104"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC103::-->
+<!--docid::SEC104::-->
<P>
There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional
-constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
+constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
denote variable settings and key bindings.
</P><P>
</P><P>
The <CODE>bind -V</CODE> command lists the current Readline variable names
-and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
</P><P>
A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX317"></A>
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
-subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
+subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search.
<P>
The <CODE>bind -p</CODE> command displays Readline function names and
bindings in a format that can put directly into an initialization file.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC104"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC105"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC104::-->
+<!--docid::SEC105::-->
<P>
Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
<A NAME="Sample Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC105"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC106"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC105::-->
+<!--docid::SEC106::-->
<P>
Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key
<A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC106"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC107"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC106::-->
+<!--docid::SEC107::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
sequences.
You can list your key bindings by executing
<CODE>bind -P</CODE> or, for a more terse format, suitable for an
-<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.)
+<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.)
Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC107"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC108"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC107::-->
+<!--docid::SEC108::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX328"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
<A NAME="Commands For History"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC108"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC109"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC108::-->
+<!--docid::SEC109::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Commands For Text"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC109"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC110"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC109::-->
+<!--docid::SEC110::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC110"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC111"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC110::-->
+<!--docid::SEC111::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC111"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC112"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC111::-->
+<!--docid::SEC112::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX422"></A>
<A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC112"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC113"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC112::-->
+<!--docid::SEC113::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A>
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
<P>
</DL>
<A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC113"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC114"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC113::-->
+<!--docid::SEC114::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX462"></A>
<A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC114"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC115"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC114::-->
+<!--docid::SEC115::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX468"></A>
<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A>
Expand the line as the shell does.
This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
-word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
<DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
<DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
-Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
<A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC115"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC116"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC115::-->
+<!--docid::SEC116::-->
<P>
While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE>
In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing modes, use the <SAMP>`set -o emacs'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`set -o vi'</SAMP>
-commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Programmable Completion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC116"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC117"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC116::-->
+<!--docid::SEC117::-->
<P>
When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a <VAR>compspec</VAR>) has been defined
-using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>),
+using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>),
the programmable completion facilities are invoked.
</P><P>
Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
matching words.
If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion
-described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed.
+described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed.
</P><P>
First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.
When the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option is used for filename or
directory name completion, the shell variable <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> is
used to filter the matches.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
</P><P>
Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the
Each word is then expanded using
brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
-as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
The results are split using the rules described above
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being
completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
</P><P>
specified with the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> options is invoked.
When the command or function is invoked, the <CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>,
<CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>, and <CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE> variables are
-assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and
<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set.
When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
Any function specified with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> is invoked first.
The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the
<CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array
variable.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Programmable Completion Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC117"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC118"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC117::-->
+<!--docid::SEC118::-->
<P>
Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
</P><P>
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
-is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
</P><P>
Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
<P>
<DT><CODE>binding</CODE>
-<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>).
+<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>helptopic</CODE>
-<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>hostname</CODE>
<DD>Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the
-<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>job</CODE>
<DT><CODE>setopt</CODE>
<DD>Valid arguments for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
<DD>Shell option names as accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>signal</CODE>
<A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC118"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC119"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC118::-->
+<!--docid::SEC119::-->
<P>
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
the command history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC119"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC119::-->
+<!--docid::SEC120::-->
<P>
When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
-is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>),
+is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>),
the shell provides access to the <EM>command history</EM>,
the list of commands previously typed.
The value of the <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> shell variable is used as the
When an interactive shell exits, the last
<CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE> lines are copied from the history list to the file
named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>.
-If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
+If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
the lines are appended to the history file,
otherwise the history file is overwritten.
If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
list and manipulate the history file.
When using command-line editing, search commands
are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
-history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>).
+history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>).
</P><P>
The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
instead of semicolons.
The <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin is used to set these options.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<!--docid::SEC121::-->
<P>
Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the
A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so
that typing <SAMP>`r cc'</SAMP> runs the last command beginning with <CODE>cc</CODE>
-and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
<A NAME="History Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC121::-->
+<!--docid::SEC122::-->
<P>
The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
</P><P>
Several shell options settable with the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor
the behavior of history expansion. If the
<CODE>histverify</CODE> shell option is enabled, and Readline
is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
history expansion mechanism with the <CODE>histchars</CODE> variable,
-as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses
+as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Event Designators"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC122::-->
+<!--docid::SEC123::-->
<P>
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
<A NAME="Word Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC123::-->
+<!--docid::SEC124::-->
<P>
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
<A NAME="Modifiers"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC124::-->
+<!--docid::SEC125::-->
<P>
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
<A NAME="Installing Bash"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC126"></A>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC125::-->
+<!--docid::SEC126::-->
<P>
This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
systems.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
than one kind of system from
the same source tree.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
programs.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
building Bash.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Basic Installation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC126"></A>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC126::-->
+<!--docid::SEC127::-->
<P>
These are installation instructions for Bash.
<A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC127::-->
+<!--docid::SEC128::-->
<P>
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
<A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC129"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC128::-->
+<!--docid::SEC129::-->
<P>
You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
<A NAME="Installation Names"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC129::-->
+<!--docid::SEC130::-->
<P>
By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into
<A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A>
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+<A NAME="SEC131"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC130::-->
+<!--docid::SEC131::-->
<P>
There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out
<A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC131"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC131::-->
+<!--docid::SEC132::-->
<P>
If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to
<A NAME="Operation Controls"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC132::-->
+<!--docid::SEC133::-->
<P>
<CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it
<A NAME="Optional Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC133::-->
+<!--docid::SEC134::-->
<P>
The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>--enable-alias</CODE>
<DD>Allow alias expansion and include the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
-builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-arith-for-command</CODE>
<DT><CODE>--enable-array-variables</CODE>
<DD>Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE>
<DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE>
<DD>Include <CODE>csh</CODE>-like brace expansion
( <CODE>b{a,b}c</CODE> ==> <CODE>bac bbc</CODE> ).
-See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description.
+See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-casemod-attributes</CODE>
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
<P>
+<DT><CODE>--enable-coprocesses</CODE>
+<DD>Include support for coprocesses and the <CODE>coproc</CODE> reserved word
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>).
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>--enable-debugger</CODE>
<DD>Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE>
<DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the
<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-disabled-builtins</CODE>
<DD>Allow builtin commands to be invoked via <SAMP>`builtin xxx'</SAMP>
even after <CODE>xxx</CODE> has been disabled using <SAMP>`enable -n xxx'</SAMP>.
-See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and
+See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and
<CODE>enable</CODE> builtin commands.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob</CODE>
<DD>Include support for the extended pattern matching features described
-above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-help-builtin</CODE>
<DD>Include the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
-variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE>
<DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE>
-<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>),
+<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>),
if the operating system supports them.
<P>
<DD>This enables the special handling of filenames of the form
<CODE>/dev/tcp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE> and
<CODE>/dev/udp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE>
-when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-process-substitution</CODE>
-<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if
+<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if
the operating system provides the necessary support.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-progcomp</CODE>
<DD>Enable the programmable completion facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-prompt-string-decoding</CODE>
<DD>Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters
in the <CODE>$PS1</CODE>, <CODE>$PS2</CODE>, <CODE>$PS3</CODE>, and <CODE>$PS4</CODE> prompt
-strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt
+strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt
string escape sequences.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-readline</CODE>
<DD>Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
-version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-restricted</CODE>
<DD>Include support for a <EM>restricted shell</EM>. If this is enabled, Bash,
when called as <CODE>rbash</CODE>, enters a restricted mode. See
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-select</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-strict-posix-default</CODE>
-<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-usg-echo-default</CODE>
This sets the default value of the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> shell option to <CODE>on</CODE>,
which makes the Bash <CODE>echo</CODE> behave more like the version specified in
the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
<CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes.
<P>
<A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC134::-->
+<!--docid::SEC135::-->
<P>
Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
<A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC135::-->
+<!--docid::SEC136::-->
<P>
Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
<LI>
Bash is POSIX-conformant, even where the POSIX specification
-differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and
+Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and
the <CODE>bind</CODE> builtin.
<P>
<LI>
Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands
<CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>compgen</CODE>, and <CODE>compopt</CODE>, to
manipulate it.
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
+Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
<CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it.
The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it.
<LI>
Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the
+Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the
appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them.
Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays.
Bash provides a number of built-in array variables.
<P>
<LI>
-Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde
-expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde
+expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements command aliases and the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
-builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash provides shell arithmetic, the <CODE>((</CODE> compound command
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>),
-and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Bash includes the POSIX pattern removal <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`%%'</SAMP>
and <SAMP>`##'</SAMP> expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from
-variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion <CODE>${#xx}</CODE>, which returns the length of <CODE>${xx}</CODE>,
-is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion <CODE>${var:</CODE><VAR>offset</VAR><CODE>[:</CODE><VAR>length</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>,
which expands to the substring of <CODE>var</CODE>'s value of length
<VAR>length</VAR>, beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>, is present
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion
<CODE>${var/[/]</CODE><VAR>pattern</VAR><CODE>[/</CODE><VAR>replacement</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>,
which matches <VAR>pattern</VAR> and replaces it with <VAR>replacement</VAR> in
-the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion <CODE>${!<VAR>prefix}*</VAR></CODE> expansion, which expands to
the names of all shell variables whose names begin with <VAR>prefix</VAR>,
-is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash has <VAR>indirect</VAR> variable expansion using <CODE>${!word}</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
The POSIX <CODE>$()</CODE> form of command substitution
-is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>),
+is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>),
and preferred to the Bourne shell's <CODE>"</CODE> (which
is also implemented for backwards compatibility).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>).
+Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>).
<P>
<LI>
current user (<CODE>UID</CODE>, <CODE>EUID</CODE>, and <CODE>GROUPS</CODE>), the current host
(<CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>, and <CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>),
and the instance of Bash that is running (<CODE>BASH</CODE>,
-<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>,
+<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>,
for details.
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>IFS</CODE> variable is used to split only the results of expansion,
-not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
+not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators,
including <VAR>character classes</VAR>, <VAR>equivalence classes</VAR>, and
-<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the <CODE>extglob</CODE>
-shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
+shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the
<CODE>local</CODE> builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even
-builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A>).
+builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>).
In <CODE>sh</CODE>, all variable assignments
preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
file system.
<LI>
Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands
-to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash contains the <SAMP>`<>'</SAMP> redirection operator, allowing a file to be
opened for both reading and writing, and the <SAMP>`&>'</SAMP> redirection
operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same
-file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are
-used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services
-with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>noclobber</CODE> option is available to avoid overwriting existing
-files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP> redirection operator may be used to override <CODE>noclobber</CODE>.
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
each take <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> options to switch between logical and
physical modes.
<P>
<LI>
Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides
access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the
-<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin allows selective disabling of functions
-when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the <CODE>enable</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin takes additional options that allow users
to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed
command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment
-using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin allows a name to be associated with
an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by
searching the <CODE>$PATH</CODE>, using <SAMP>`hash -p'</SAMP>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash includes a <CODE>help</CODE> builtin for quick reference to shell
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>printf</CODE> builtin is available to display formatted output
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
will read a line ending in <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> with
the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option, and will use the <CODE>REPLY</CODE> variable as a
default if no non-option arguments are supplied.
<LI>
The <CODE>return</CODE> builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts
executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash includes the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin, for finer control of shell
-optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options
-to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options
+to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the <CODE>set</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than
simple commands when performing an execution trace
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
is slightly different, as it implements the POSIX algorithm,
which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.
<P>
<P>
<LI>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE>.
Commands specified with a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap are executed before every
simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command,
<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
<P>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an
<CODE>ERR</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
Commands specified with an <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap are executed after a simple
command fails, with a few exceptions.
<CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled.
</P><P>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
<CODE>RETURN</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to
<CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
Commands specified with an <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap are executed before
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>type</CODE> builtin is more extensive and gives more information
-about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>umask</CODE> builtin permits a <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to cause
the output to be displayed in the form of a <CODE>umask</CODE> command
-that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack, and provides the
<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins to manipulate it
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the
<CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable.
<P>
<LI>
Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
-strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>);
+The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>);
the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>disown</CODE> builtin can remove a job from the internal shell
-job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending
+job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending
of <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to a job when the shell exits as the result of a
<CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
<P>
</UL>
<P>
-More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A>.
+More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC136::-->
+<!--docid::SEC137::-->
<P>
Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC137::-->
+<!--docid::SEC138::-->
<P>
<center>
</OL>
<P>
-<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC138::-->
+<!--docid::SEC139::-->
<P>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
<A NAME="Indexes"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> D. Indexes </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC139::-->
+<!--docid::SEC140::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
variable you want.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Builtin Index"></A>
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<H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2>
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<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_."></A>.</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_:"></A>:</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A NAME="Reserved Word Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC141::-->
+<!--docid::SEC142::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX36"><CODE>fi</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX31"><CODE>for</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX32"><CODE>if</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
<A NAME="Variable Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC142::-->
+<!--docid::SEC143::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_!"></A>!</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_#"></A>#</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_$"></A>$</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_*"></A>*</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_-"></A>-</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_0"></A>0</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_?"></A>?</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_@"></A>@</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr__"></A>_</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A NAME="Function Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.4 Function Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC143::-->
+<!--docid::SEC144::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A NAME="Concept Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC145"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC144::-->
+<!--docid::SEC145::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">commands, compound</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">commands, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">commands, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">coprocess</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5">field</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6">filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7">job</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX9">metacharacter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10">name</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12">operator, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">pipeline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1">POSIX</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13">process group</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX14">process group ID</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">quoting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX16">return status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX17">signal</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX18">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX19">token</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">translation, native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
<A NAME="TOC22" HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A>
<BR>
</UL>
+<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A>
+<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A>
+<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>
+<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>
+<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>
+<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>
+<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>
+<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>
+<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>
+<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>
+<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>
+<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A>
+<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A>
+<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A>
+<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A>
+<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
+<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
+<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.6 Here Documents</A>
+<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.6 Here Documents</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.7 Here Strings</A>
+<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.7 Here Strings</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A>
+<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A>
+<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7 Executing Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A>
+<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>
+<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A>
+<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>
+<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>
+<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>
+<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A>
+<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>
+<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>
+<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC77" HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>
+<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A>
+<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A>
+<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A>
+<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>
+<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>
+<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>
+<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>
+<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>
+<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>
+<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>
+<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>
+<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>
+<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2 Readline Interaction</A>
+<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
+<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
+<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
+<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A>
+<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
+<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
+<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
+<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
+<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
+<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
+<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
+<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
+<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
+<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
+<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
+<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
+<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
+<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
+<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.4 Installation Names</A>
+<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
+<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
+<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
+<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.8 Optional Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.4 Function Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.5 Concept Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>
+<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 2 2008</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 24 2008</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 2 2008</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 24 2008</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 June 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 6 July 2008).
- This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 June 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.0, last updated 6 July 2008, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
- Copyright (C) 1988-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 June 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 6 July 2008).
- This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 June 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.0, last updated 6 July 2008, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
commands.
* Lists:: How to execute commands sequentially.
* Compound Commands:: Shell commands for control flow.
+* Coprocesses:: Two-way communication between commands.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Simple Commands, Next: Pipelines, Up: Shell Commands
command executed in the list.
\1f
-File: bashref.info, Node: Compound Commands, Prev: Lists, Up: Shell Commands
+File: bashref.info, Node: Compound Commands, Next: Coprocesses, Prev: Lists, Up: Shell Commands
3.2.4 Compound Commands
-----------------------
The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of
LIST.
+\1f
+File: bashref.info, Node: Coprocesses, Prev: Compound Commands, Up: Shell Commands
+
+3.2.5 Coprocesses
+-----------------
+
+A `coprocess' is a shell command preceded by the `coproc' reserved word.
+A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+had been terminated with the `&' control operator, with a two-way pipe
+established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+
+ The format for a coprocess is:
+ `coproc' [NAME] COMMAND [REDIRECTIONS]
+
+This creates a coprocess named NAME. If NAME is not supplied, the
+default name is COPROC.
+
+ When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+(*note Arrays::) named NAME in the context of the executing shell. The
+standard output of COMMAND is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor
+in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to NAME[0].
+The standard input of COMMAND is connected via a pipe to a file
+descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned
+to NAME[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified
+by the command (*note Redirections::). The file descriptors can be
+utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard
+word expansions.
+
+ The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
+available as the value of the variable NAME_PID. The `wait' builtin
+command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+
+ The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of COMMAND.
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Functions, Next: Shell Parameters, Prev: Shell Commands, Up: Basic Shell Features
non-zero if not.
`declare'
- declare [-aAfFirtx] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
+ declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are
given, then display the values of variables instead.
evaluation (*note Shell Arithmetic::) is performed when the
variable is assigned a value.
+ `-l'
+ When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ attribute is disabled.
+
`-r'
Make NAMEs readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
inherit the `DEBUG' and `RETURN' traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
+ `-u'
+ When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ attribute is disabled.
+
`-x'
Mark each NAME for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
next character read and for line continuation. If no names are
supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable `REPLY'. The
return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, `read'
- times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
- argument to `-u'. Options, if supplied, have the following
- meanings:
+ times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or
+ an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to `-u'.
+
+ Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
`-a ANAME'
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
`=~' binary operator in the `[[' conditional command. (*note
Conditional Constructs::).
+`--enable-coprocesses'
+ Include support for coprocesses and the `coproc' reserved word
+ (*note Pipelines::).
+
`--enable-debugger'
Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 83)
-* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 211)
-* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 263)
+* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 221)
+* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 273)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 63)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 103)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 145)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 291)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 301)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 39)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 25)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 57)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 311)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 318)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 328)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 332)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 321)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 328)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 338)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 342)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 373)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 383)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 58)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 163)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 398)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 408)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 172)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 201)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 466)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 477)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 281)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 286)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 470)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 501)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 507)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 481)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 512)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 518)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 327)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 593)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 604)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 344)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 6)
* configuration: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* control operator: Definitions. (line 21)
+* coprocess: Coprocesses. (line 6)
* directory stack: The Directory Stack. (line 6)
* editing command lines: Readline Bare Essentials.
(line 6)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1344
-Node: Introduction\7f3175
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3403
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4516
-Node: Definitions\7f7056
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9836
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f11055
-Node: Shell Operation\7f12085
-Node: Quoting\7f13379
-Node: Escape Character\7f14682
-Node: Single Quotes\7f15167
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15515
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16640
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17596
-Node: Comments\7f18492
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19110
-Node: Simple Commands\7f19876
-Node: Pipelines\7f20507
-Node: Lists\7f22763
-Node: Compound Commands\7f24492
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f25276
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27723
-Node: Command Grouping\7f35729
-Node: Shell Functions\7f37208
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f41669
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f44085
-Node: Special Parameters\7f44985
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f47949
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f49874
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f52627
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f54978
-Node: Command Substitution\7f63809
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f65142
-Node: Process Substitution\7f65992
-Node: Word Splitting\7f67042
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f68665
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f70805
-Node: Quote Removal\7f74444
-Node: Redirections\7f74739
-Node: Executing Commands\7f82882
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f83552
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f85482
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f87819
-Node: Environment\7f90618
-Node: Exit Status\7f92278
-Node: Signals\7f93899
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f95867
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f98385
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f100062
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f117380
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f140408
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f140753
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f149601
-Node: Special Builtins\7f160463
-Node: Shell Variables\7f161442
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f161882
-Node: Bash Variables\7f163863
-Node: Bash Features\7f186181
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f187064
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f192873
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f197842
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f198252
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f198901
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f199716
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f202996
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f206575
-Node: Aliases\7f209321
-Node: Arrays\7f211893
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f215735
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f216449
-Node: Printing a Prompt\7f219341
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f222093
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f223925
-Node: Job Control\7f231778
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f232238
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f236832
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f241196
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f242354
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f243349
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f244971
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f246162
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f247951
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f248916
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f250836
-Node: Searching\7f251880
-Node: Readline Init File\7f254066
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f255213
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f268447
-Node: Sample Init File\7f270980
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f274097
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f275304
-Node: Commands For History\7f276165
-Node: Commands For Text\7f279320
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f281993
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f284135
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f285274
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f289041
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f289612
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f294923
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f295837
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f301670
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f310053
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f310737
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f313651
-Node: History Interaction\7f317508
-Node: Event Designators\7f320213
-Node: Word Designators\7f321228
-Node: Modifiers\7f322867
-Node: Installing Bash\7f324271
-Node: Basic Installation\7f325408
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f328100
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f328841
-Node: Installation Names\7f330505
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f331323
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f332039
-Node: Operation Controls\7f332712
-Node: Optional Features\7f333670
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f342954
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f344148
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f360835
-Node: Indexes\7f383296
-Node: Builtin Index\7f383750
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f390504
-Node: Variable Index\7f392952
-Node: Function Index\7f404758
-Node: Concept Index\7f411490
+Node: Top\7f1342
+Node: Introduction\7f3171
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3399
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4512
+Node: Definitions\7f7052
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9832
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f11051
+Node: Shell Operation\7f12081
+Node: Quoting\7f13375
+Node: Escape Character\7f14678
+Node: Single Quotes\7f15163
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15511
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16636
+Node: Locale Translation\7f17592
+Node: Comments\7f18488
+Node: Shell Commands\7f19106
+Node: Simple Commands\7f19930
+Node: Pipelines\7f20561
+Node: Lists\7f22817
+Node: Compound Commands\7f24546
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f25350
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27797
+Node: Command Grouping\7f35803
+Node: Coprocesses\7f37282
+Node: Shell Functions\7f38771
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f43232
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f45648
+Node: Special Parameters\7f46548
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f49512
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f51437
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f54190
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f56541
+Node: Command Substitution\7f65372
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f66705
+Node: Process Substitution\7f67555
+Node: Word Splitting\7f68605
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f70228
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f72368
+Node: Quote Removal\7f76007
+Node: Redirections\7f76302
+Node: Executing Commands\7f84445
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f85115
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f87045
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f89382
+Node: Environment\7f92181
+Node: Exit Status\7f93841
+Node: Signals\7f95462
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f97430
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f99948
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f101625
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f118943
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f142371
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f142716
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f151564
+Node: Special Builtins\7f162426
+Node: Shell Variables\7f163405
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f163845
+Node: Bash Variables\7f165826
+Node: Bash Features\7f188144
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f189027
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f194836
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f199805
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f200215
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f200864
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f201679
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f204959
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f208538
+Node: Aliases\7f211284
+Node: Arrays\7f213856
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f217698
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f218412
+Node: Printing a Prompt\7f221304
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f224056
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f225888
+Node: Job Control\7f233741
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f234201
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f238795
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f243159
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f244317
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f245312
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f246934
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f248125
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f249914
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f250879
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f252799
+Node: Searching\7f253843
+Node: Readline Init File\7f256029
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f257176
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f270410
+Node: Sample Init File\7f272943
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f276060
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f277267
+Node: Commands For History\7f278128
+Node: Commands For Text\7f281283
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f283956
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f286098
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f287237
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f291004
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f291575
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f296886
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f297800
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f303633
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f312016
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f312700
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f315614
+Node: History Interaction\7f319471
+Node: Event Designators\7f322176
+Node: Word Designators\7f323191
+Node: Modifiers\7f324830
+Node: Installing Bash\7f326234
+Node: Basic Installation\7f327371
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f330063
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f330804
+Node: Installation Names\7f332468
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f333286
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f334002
+Node: Operation Controls\7f334675
+Node: Optional Features\7f335633
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f345035
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f346229
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f362916
+Node: Indexes\7f385377
+Node: Builtin Index\7f385831
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f392585
+Node: Variable Index\7f395033
+Node: Function Index\7f406839
+Node: Concept Index\7f413571
\1f
End Tag Table
-This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2008.4.8) 2 JUL 2008 09:08
+This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2008.4.8) 24 JUL 2008 09:12
**/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
Loading texinfo [version 2003-02-03.16]: Basics,
[1]
Chapter 2 [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
-Overfull \hbox (43.33539pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 850--850
+Overfull \hbox (43.33539pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 851--851
[]@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @
textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] Chapter 4 [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]
[39] [40] [41]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3223--3236
+Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3264--3277
@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.etc.
[42] [43] [44] [45] [46]
-Overfull \hbox (102.08961pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3634--3634
+Overfull \hbox (102.08961pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3685--3685
[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
] [-i @textttsl text@texttt ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prom
pt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time-
.etc.
[47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55]
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+Underfull \hbox (badness 2573) in paragraph at lines 4337--4341
[] []@textrm Error trac-ing is en-abled: com-mand sub-sti-tu-tion, shell
@hbox(7.60416+2.12917)x433.62, glue set 2.95305
[56] [57] Chapter 5 [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] Chapter 6
[67] [68]
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+Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5180--5180
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
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+Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5181--5181
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
-
.etc.
-Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5130--5130
+Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5182--5182
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
[69] [70]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 5304--5306
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 5356--5358
[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
.etc.
[71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84]
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@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
[116]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122]) Chapter 10 [123] [124] [125] [126]
[127]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7040--7044
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 7092--7096
[]@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
s/large_
(./bashref.vrs [150] [151]) (./bashref.fns [152] [153]) (./bashref.cps [154])
[155] [156] )
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-(Section)g(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(24\).)225
+(Section)g(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(25\).)225
911 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(It)22 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)f
(v)-5 b(ariable)23 b(and)f(a)g(function)g(with)g(the)g(same)g(name;)j
Fs(sh)d Ft(do)s(es)g(not)g(separate)330 1021 y(the)31
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(37)2025 2123 y Fe(help)13
b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(45)2025 2216 y Fe(history)7
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(46)2025 2216 y Fe(history)7
b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)33 b Fb(120)2025 2502 y Fr(J)2025 2631 y Fe(jobs)13
b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(151)150 299 y Fr(#)150 424 y Fe(#)17
b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(16)150 688
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y Fr($)150 813 y Fe($)17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
b Fb(17)150 1084 y Fr(*)150 1209 y Fe(*)17 b Fc(.)12
b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(16)150 1464 y Fr(-)150
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(17)150 1464 y Fr(-)150
1589 y Fe(-)17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
-b Fb(16)150 1844 y Fr(?)150 1969 y Fe(?)17 b Fc(.)12
+b Fb(17)150 1844 y Fr(?)150 1969 y Fe(?)17 b Fc(.)12
b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(16)150 2224 y Fr(@)150
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(17)150 2224 y Fr(@)150
2348 y Fe(@)17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
-b Fb(16)p 159 2603 41 6 v 150 2728 a Fe(_)17 b Fc(.)12
+b Fb(17)p 159 2603 41 6 v 150 2728 a Fe(_)17 b Fc(.)12
b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(17)150 2983 y Fr(0)150
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
37 b Fb(30)150 4184 y(command)26 b(expansion)d Fc(.)12
b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48 b Fb(29)150 4272 y(command)26
+(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48 b Fb(30)150 4272 y(command)26
b(history)16 b Fc(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
b Fb(119)150 4361 y(command)26 b(searc)n(h)12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fb(30)150 4450 y(command)26
b(substitution)e Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(22)150
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(23)150
4539 y(command)26 b(timing)8 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(8)150 4628 y(commands,)26 b(comp)r(ound)8
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34
b Fb(7)2025 2345 y(completion)26 b(builtins)c Fc(.)13
b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fb(114)2025 2436 y(con\014guration)15
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fb(114)2025 2434 y(con\014guration)15
b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42
-b Fb(125)2025 2527 y(con)n(trol)26 b(op)r(erator)c Fc(.)12
+b Fb(125)2025 2523 y(con)n(trol)26 b(op)r(erator)c Fc(.)12
b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47 b Fb(3)2025
-2796 y Fr(D)2025 2919 y Fb(directory)26 b(stac)n(k)d
-Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49
-b Fb(79)2025 3188 y Fr(E)2025 3312 y Fb(editing)26 b(command)g(lines)c
+2612 y(copro)r(cess)6 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)32 b Fb(14)2025 2869
+y Fr(D)2025 2988 y Fb(directory)26 b(stac)n(k)d Fc(.)13
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+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(79)2025
+3246 y Fr(E)2025 3365 y Fb(editing)26 b(command)g(lines)c
Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(91)2025 3403 y(en)n(vironmen)n(t)10
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(91)2025 3454 y(en)n(vironmen)n(t)10
b Fc(.)h(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36
-b Fb(32)2025 3494 y(ev)l(aluation,)26 b(arithmetic)13
+b Fb(32)2025 3543 y(ev)l(aluation,)26 b(arithmetic)13
b Fc(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(76)2025 3584 y(ev)n(en)n(t)24
+f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(76)2025 3632 y(ev)n(en)n(t)24
b(designators)18 b Fc(.)d(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44
-b Fb(122)2025 3675 y(execution)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)19
+b Fb(122)2025 3720 y(execution)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)19
b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b Fb(31)2025 3766 y(exit)25
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b Fb(31)2025 3809 y(exit)25
b(status)17 b Fc(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
-(.)43 b Fb(3,)26 b(32)2025 3857 y(expansion)16 b Fc(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
+(.)43 b Fb(3,)26 b(33)2025 3898 y(expansion)16 b Fc(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b
-Fb(17)2025 3948 y(expansion,)26 b(arithmetic)20 b Fc(.)13
+Fb(17)2025 3987 y(expansion,)26 b(arithmetic)20 b Fc(.)13
b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fb(23)2025 4039 y(expansion,)26
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fb(23)2025 4075 y(expansion,)26
b(brace)12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38
-b Fb(18)2025 4130 y(expansion,)26 b(\014lename)18 b Fc(.)12
+b Fb(18)2025 4164 y(expansion,)26 b(\014lename)18 b Fc(.)12
b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(24)2025 4221 y(expansion,)26
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(24)2025 4253 y(expansion,)26
b(parameter)c Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fb(19)2025
-4311 y(expansion,)26 b(pathname)8 b Fc(.)k(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fb(20)2025
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(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34
-b Fb(24)2025 4402 y(expansion,)26 b(tilde)9 b Fc(.)j(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
+b Fb(24)2025 4431 y(expansion,)26 b(tilde)9 b Fc(.)j(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(18)2025 4493 y(expressions,)27
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(19)2025 4519 y(expressions,)27
b(arithmetic)16 b Fc(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fb(76)2025
-4584 y(expressions,)27 b(conditional)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
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(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47
-b Fb(75)2025 4853 y Fr(F)2025 4976 y Fb(\014eld)21 b
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Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fb(3)2025 5067 y(\014lename)8
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b Fc(.)k(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(3)2025 5158 y(\014lename)26 b(expansion)10
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(3)2025 5162 y(\014lename)26 b(expansion)10
b Fc(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fb(24)2025
-5249 y(foreground)20 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fb(87)2025 5340 y(functions,)26
b(shell)c Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)39 b Fb(71)150
3166 y Fr(M)150 3283 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 b(pattern)7
b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(24)150
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(25)150
3370 y(metac)n(haracter)17 b Fc(.)d(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(3)150 3604 y Fr(N)150 3721 y
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41
b Fb(3)150 4513 y Fr(P)150 4629 y Fb(parameter)26 b(expansion)14
b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fb(19)150 4717 y(parameters)14
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b Fc(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39
-b Fb(15)150 4804 y(parameters,)27 b(p)r(ositional)9 b
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Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(16)150 4892 y(parameters,)27
b(sp)r(ecial)e Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49
-b Fb(16)150 4979 y(pathname)25 b(expansion)19 b Fc(.)12
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b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fb(24)150 5067 y(pattern)25
b(matc)n(hing)18 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)43
-b Fb(24)2025 299 y(pip)r(eline)15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
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(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b
Fb(8)2025 387 y(POSIX)8 b Fc(.)j(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fb(14)2025 2621
y(shell)26 b(script)18 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fb(33)2025 2709 y(shell)26
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fb(34)2025 2709 y(shell)26
b(v)l(ariable)17 b Fc(.)c(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)43 b Fb(15)2025 2797 y(shell,)26 b(in)n(teractiv)n(e)16
+h(.)f(.)43 b Fb(16)2025 2797 y(shell,)26 b(in)n(teractiv)n(e)16
b Fc(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b
Fb(73)2025 2885 y(signal)14 b Fc(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
3488 y Fr(T)2025 3606 y Fb(tilde)26 b(expansion)19 b
Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45
-b Fb(18)2025 3693 y(tok)n(en)18 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+b Fb(19)2025 3693 y(tok)n(en)18 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45
b Fb(4)2025 3781 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)9
(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(7)2025 4034 y Fr(V)2025 4151 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26
b(shell)7 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-h(.)32 b Fb(15)2025 4239 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)7
+h(.)32 b Fb(16)2025 4239 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)7
b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(95)2025
4492 y Fr(W)2025 4609 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b Fc(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
b Fb(4)2025 4697 y(w)n(ord)26 b(splitting)21 b Fc(.)12
b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)46
-b Fb(23)2025 4949 y Fr(Y)2025 5067 y Fb(y)n(anking)25
+b Fb(24)2025 4949 y Fr(Y)2025 5067 y Fb(y)n(anking)25
b(text)7 b Fc(.)k(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)33 b Fb(93)p eop end
causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The
-character @samp{%} introduces a job name.
+character @samp{%} introduces a job specification (@var{jobspec}).
Job number @code{n} may be referred to as @samp{%n}.
The symbols @samp{%%} and @samp{%+} refer to the shell's notion of the
The process id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
available as the value of the variable @var{NAME}_PID.
+The @code{wait}
+builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of @var{command}.
\subsubsecentry{Looping Constructs}{3}{2}{4}{1}{9}
\subsubsecentry{Conditional Constructs}{3}{2}{4}{2}{10}
\subsubsecentry{Grouping Commands}{3}{2}{4}{3}{13}
+\subsecentry{Coprocesses}{3}{2}{5}{14}
\secentry{Shell Functions}{3}{3}{14}
-\secentry{Shell Parameters}{3}{4}{15}
+\secentry{Shell Parameters}{3}{4}{16}
\subsecentry{Positional Parameters}{3}{4}{1}{16}
\subsecentry{Special Parameters}{3}{4}{2}{16}
\secentry{Shell Expansions}{3}{5}{17}
-\subsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3}{5}{1}{17}
-\subsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3}{5}{2}{18}
-\subsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3}{5}{3}{19}
+\subsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3}{5}{1}{18}
+\subsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3}{5}{2}{19}
+\subsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3}{5}{3}{20}
\subsecentry{Command Substitution}{3}{5}{4}{22}
-\subsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3}{5}{5}{22}
+\subsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3}{5}{5}{23}
\subsecentry{Process Substitution}{3}{5}{6}{23}
-\subsecentry{Word Splitting}{3}{5}{7}{23}
+\subsecentry{Word Splitting}{3}{5}{7}{24}
\subsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3}{5}{8}{24}
-\subsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3}{5}{8}{1}{24}
-\subsecentry{Quote Removal}{3}{5}{9}{25}
-\secentry{Redirections}{3}{6}{25}
-\subsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3}{6}{1}{26}
+\subsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3}{5}{8}{1}{25}
+\subsecentry{Quote Removal}{3}{5}{9}{26}
+\secentry{Redirections}{3}{6}{26}
+\subsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3}{6}{1}{27}
\subsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3}{6}{2}{27}
\subsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3}{6}{3}{27}
-\subsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3}{6}{4}{27}
-\subsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3}{6}{5}{27}
+\subsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3}{6}{4}{28}
+\subsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3}{6}{5}{28}
\subsecentry{Here Documents}{3}{6}{6}{28}
-\subsecentry{Here Strings}{3}{6}{7}{28}
-\subsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3}{6}{8}{28}
+\subsecentry{Here Strings}{3}{6}{7}{29}
+\subsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3}{6}{8}{29}
\subsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3}{6}{9}{29}
\subsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3}{6}{10}{29}
-\secentry{Executing Commands}{3}{7}{29}
-\subsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3}{7}{1}{29}
+\secentry{Executing Commands}{3}{7}{30}
+\subsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3}{7}{1}{30}
\subsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3}{7}{2}{30}
-\subsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3}{7}{3}{30}
-\subsecentry{Environment}{3}{7}{4}{31}
+\subsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3}{7}{3}{31}
+\subsecentry{Environment}{3}{7}{4}{32}
\subsecentry{Exit Status}{3}{7}{5}{32}
-\subsecentry{Signals}{3}{7}{6}{32}
-\secentry{Shell Scripts}{3}{8}{33}
+\subsecentry{Signals}{3}{7}{6}{33}
+\secentry{Shell Scripts}{3}{8}{34}
\chapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{35}
\secentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4}{1}{35}
\secentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4}{2}{41}
\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{7}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAIN}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAINDIR}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}
-\entry{*}{16}{\code {*}}
-\entry{@}{16}{\code {@}}
-\entry{#}{16}{\code {#}}
-\entry{?}{16}{\code {?}}
-\entry{-}{16}{\code {-}}
+\entry{*}{17}{\code {*}}
+\entry{@}{17}{\code {@}}
+\entry{#}{17}{\code {#}}
+\entry{?}{17}{\code {?}}
+\entry{-}{17}{\code {-}}
\entry{$}{17}{\code {$}}
\entry{!}{17}{\code {!}}
\entry{0}{17}{\code {0}}
\initial {!}
\entry {\code {!}}{17}
\initial {#}
-\entry {\code {#}}{16}
+\entry {\code {#}}{17}
\initial {$}
\entry {\code {$}}{17}
\initial {*}
-\entry {\code {*}}{16}
+\entry {\code {*}}{17}
\initial {-}
-\entry {\code {-}}{16}
+\entry {\code {-}}{17}
\initial {?}
-\entry {\code {?}}{16}
+\entry {\code {?}}{17}
\initial {@}
-\entry {\code {@}}{16}
+\entry {\code {@}}{17}
\initial {_}
\entry {\code {_}}{17}
\initial {0}
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN )\b) is performed when the
variable is assigned a value.
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ attribute is disabled.
-\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
- supplied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
- supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
- option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
- reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
- value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
- as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
+ as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
order, to $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an i\bif\bf statement, part of a command
- executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, any command in a pipeline
- but the last, or if the command's return value is being
- inverted via !\b!. Failing simple commands that are part
- of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
- or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an i\bif\bf statement, part of a command
+ executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, any command in a pipeline
+ but the last, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. Failing simple commands that are part
+ of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
+ or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
cause the shell to exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is exe-
cuted before the shell exits.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
- If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
- id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
- option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
+ variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
+ If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
+ id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
effective user id is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp
- option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+ option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective
- user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
+ user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param-
- eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
+ eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not
interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
mand's =~ operator.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bRO\bOR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a filename expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
- case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
_\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
- description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
- details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
- the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
- non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
- E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
- command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
- inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
+ details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
+ non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
+ E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+ command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .\b.
- or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
- entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
+ or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
+ entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
- a child process when it is created. The return status is false
+ a child process when it is created. The return status is false
if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
- properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Wed Jul 2 09:08:26 2008
+%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 24 09:12:42 2008
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is)
3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 343.2 Q F2(declar)108 360 Q
-(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2
-(typeset)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5
-E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E
-1.264(Declare v)144 384 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1
-(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765
+(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0
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+(typeset)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>
+-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])
+-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 384 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564
+-.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E
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(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25
(va)144 396 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558
(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 564 Q F0
(is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)
--.25 E F2<ad72>144 576 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.047 E F0 5.047
-(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546
-(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546
-(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 588 Q F2
-<ad74>144 600 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)
-2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929
+-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 576 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909
+(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909
+(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)
+-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 588 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E
+(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad72>144 600 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1
+(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546
+(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547
+(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 612 Q F2
+<ad74>144 624 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)
+2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929
(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 E(UG)
--.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)
-180 612 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E
-(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad78>144 624 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E
-(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 640.8 R
+-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)
+180 636 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E
+(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 648 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909
+(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909
+(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)
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2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2
F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F
-1.236(to destro)144 652.8 R 3.736(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.736 G 1.237
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(rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F2 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F
(emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib)
-.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.237(used in a)3.737 F .312(function, mak)
-144 664.8 R .312(es each)-.1 F F1(name)2.812 E F2 .311
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(local, as with the local)2.812 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av)
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-.25 F .738(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738
(he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G
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-(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243
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-(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25
-F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172
-(ariable, an)-.25 F(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(5)
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203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-(attempt is made to turn of)144 84 R 3.46(fa)-.25 G .96
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+(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 84 R
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+-3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 96 R 1.242
+(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242
+(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243
+(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386
+(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 108 R/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386
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(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96
-(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 96 Q
-(xistent function with)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(dirs [+)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E
-F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 -.4(Wi)144 124.8 S .328
+(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 144 Q
+(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [+)108 160.8
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+-.4(Wi)144 172.8 S .328
(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
-(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 136.8 R 1.238
-(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 148.8 Q
-F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 160.8 Q F2(n)A F0
-1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565
-(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1
+(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 184.8 R 1.238
+(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 196.8 Q
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(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 172.8 Q F1<ad>144 184.8 Q F2
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+(without options, starting with zero.)180 220.8 Q F2<ad>144 232.8 Q F3
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(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
-F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 196.8 Q F1<ad63>144 208.8 Q F0
-(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1
-<ad6c>144 220.8 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F
+F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 244.8 Q F2<ad63>144 256.8 Q F0
+(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F2
+<ad6c>144 268.8 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F
.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F
-(tory)180 232.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 244.8 Q F0
-(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F
1<ad76>144
-256.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
+(tory)180 280.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 292.8 Q F0
+(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F
2<ad76>144
+304.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772
-G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 268.8 Q .257(The return v)144 285.6 R .258
+G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 316.8 Q .257(The return v)144 333.6 R .258
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
-(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
+(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
-.15 F(tory stack.)144 297.6 Q F1(diso)108 314.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 326.4 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)
+.15 F(tory stack.)144 345.6 Q F2(diso)108 362.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2
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+(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 374.4 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F3(jobspec)
4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295
(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15
-F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .243(and neither)
-144 338.4 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.743 F
-2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243(ent job)
--.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .244(If the \255h option)5.243 F .334
-(is gi)144 350.4 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .334(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0
+F F3(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .243(and neither)
+144 386.4 R F2 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.743 F
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+-.37 F F2 .243(is used.)2.743 F .244(If the \255h option)5.243 F .334
+(is gi)144 398.4 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .334(n, each).1 F F3(jobspec)4.574 E F0
.334(is not remo)3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334
(rom the table, b)-2.834 F .334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F
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-1.189(the job if the shell recei)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15
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-(jobspec)5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F
1<ad61>
-3.689 E F0 1.19(nor the)3.69 F F
1<ad72>3.69 E F0 1.57
-(option is supplied, the)144 374.4 R F2(curr)4.07 E 1.57(ent job)-.37 F
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-(is supplied, the)4.379 F F
1<ad61>4.069 E F0 1.569(option means to)4.069
-F(remo)144 386.4 Q .903 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 3.103(rm).15 G .603
-(ark all jobs; the)-3.103 F F
1<ad72>3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)
-3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.414 E .604
-(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 398.4 R
-(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
-(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 415.2 Q
-F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
-.395(Output the)144 427.2 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395
+/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .333(is not sent to)2.584 F
+1.189(the job if the shell recei)144 410.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15
+G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F3
+(jobspec)5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F
2<ad61>
+3.689 E F0 1.19(nor the)3.69 F F
2<ad72>3.69 E F0 1.57
+(option is supplied, the)144 422.4 R F3(curr)4.07 E 1.57(ent job)-.37 F
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+(is supplied, the)4.379 F F
2<ad61>4.069 E F0 1.569(option means to)4.069
+F(remo)144 434.4 Q .903 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 3.103(rm).15 G .603
+(ark all jobs; the)-3.103 F F
2<ad72>3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)
+3.103 F F3(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.414 E .604
+(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 446.4 R
+(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F3(jobspec)4.24 E F0
+(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F2(echo)108 463.2 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
+.395(Output the)144 475.2 R F3(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395
(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895
(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394
-(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F
1<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548
-(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 439.2 R .548(wline is suppressed.)
--.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F
1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 451.2 Q
-.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1
+(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F
2<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548
+(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 487.2 R .548(wline is suppressed.)
+-.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F
2<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 499.2 Q
+.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F2
<ad45>2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552
-F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G
+F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G
4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502
-(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003
+(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F2(xpg_echo)4.003
E F0(shell)4.003 E .009
-(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 475.2 R
-F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters)
-.15 F .659(by def)144 487.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659
-(does not interpret)3.159 F F
1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
-(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66
-(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 499.2 Q
-F1(\\a)144 511.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 523.2 Q F0
-(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 535.2 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E
-(wline)-.25 E F1(\\e)144 547.2 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)
-144 559.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 571.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5
-(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 583.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1
-(\\t)144 595.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 607.2 Q F0 -.15
-(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 619.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1
-(\\0)144 631.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E
-(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 643.2 Q F2(HH)A F0
+(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 523.2 R
+F2(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters)
+.15 F .659(by def)144 535.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.659 E F0 .659
+(does not interpret)3.159 F F
2<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
+(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F2(echo)5.66 E F0 .66
+(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 547.2 Q
+F2(\\a)144 559.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2(\\b)144 571.2 Q F0
+(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\c)144 583.2 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E
+(wline)-.25 E F2(\\e)144 595.2 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F2(\\f)
+144 607.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F2(\\n)144 619.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5
+(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 631.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F2
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2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
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-1
20 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F2<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
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92 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
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1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916
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144 R F2<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379
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216 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379
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2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F
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(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67
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-(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F1(ar)3.135 E
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(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
-(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 273.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18
-F F1(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F1(lo)2.999
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2<ad63>2.999 E F0
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1<ad63>2.999 E F0
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-(vironment. If)-.4 F F
2<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
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(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
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6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .095
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--.15 F -.15(exe)144 374.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
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-.15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
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-(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>144 439.2 Q F0 .659
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-(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F2<ad6e>3.16 E F0
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--.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2
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(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F
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-552 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F
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-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an)
-.15 F(of)144 564 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
-(If)5.277 E F1(last)2.867 E F0 .276
+.15 F(of)144 636 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
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(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092
-(for listing \(so that)144 576 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092
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-2.592 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>
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-(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 588 Q
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 612 Q
-F2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
+(for listing \(so that)144 648 R F4 .092(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092
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+(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 684 Q
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(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
-F
2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 624 R .438(If the)5.438
-F F
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+F1<ad6c>3.216 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a forma\
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+(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F
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+(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307
+(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 208.8 Q F1
+<ad64>144 220.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2
+(pattern)2.5 E F1(-m)146.5 232.8 Q F0(Display the description of each)
21.84 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)
--2.5 E F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0
+-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 244.8 Q F0
(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E
-F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 168 Q F2
-(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 184.8 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
-(history \255c)108 196.8 Q(history \255d)108 208.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
--.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A
-F1(history \255p)108 232.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 244.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
+F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)108 256.8 Q F2
+(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 273.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
+(history \255c)108 285.6 Q(history \255d)108 297.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
+-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A
+F1(history \255p)108 321.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
+(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 333.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144
-256.8 S .752
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(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G 1.23(been modi\214ed.)144 268.8 R 1.23(An ar)6.23 F 1.23(gument of)
+G 1.23(been modi\214ed.)144 357.6 R 1.23(An ar)6.23 F 1.23(gument of)
-.18 F F2(n)4.09 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.97 F F2(n)4.091 E F0
3.731(lines. If)3.971 F 1.231(the shell v)3.731 F(ariable)-.25 E F1
-(HISTTIME-)3.731 E(FORMA)144 280.8 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .25
+(HISTTIME-)3.731 E(FORMA)144 369.6 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .25
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.75 F F2
(strftime)2.749 E F0 .249(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B .378
-(associated with each displayed history entry)144 292.8 R 5.378(.N)-.65
+(associated with each displayed history entry)144 381.6 R 5.378(.N)-.65
G 2.878(oi)-5.378 G(nterv)-2.878 E .379
(ening blank is printed between the format-)-.15 F .815
-(ted time stamp and the history line.)144 304.8 R(If)5.814 E F2
+(ted time stamp and the history line.)144 393.6 R(If)5.814 E F2
(\214lename)3.314 E F0 .814
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history)3.314 F
-(\214le; if not, the v)144 316.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(\214le; if not, the v)144 405.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 328.8 Q F0
+(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 417.6 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144
-340.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
-180 352.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0 .598
+429.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
+180 441.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 453.6 Q F0 .598
(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598
(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599
-(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 376.8 Q F0
-(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 388.8 Q F0 .854(Rea\
+(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 465.6 Q F0
+(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 477.6 Q F0 .854(Rea\
d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\
urrent history list.)24.74 F .772
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 400.8 R
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.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
-(sion.)180 412.8 Q F1<ad72>144 424.8 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
+(sion.)180 501.6 Q F1<ad72>144 513.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
ory \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>
-144 436.8 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08
+144 525.6 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08
E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
-(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 448.8 Q F0 .626
+(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 537.6 Q F0 .626
(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
-2.975(output. Does)180 460.8 R .475
+2.975(output. Does)180 549.6 R .475
(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 472.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 484.8 Q F0
+(normal history e)180 561.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 573.6 Q F0
.363(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 496.8 Q -.15
+(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 585.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 513.6 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95
+(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 602.4 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95
E F0 .28
(is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry)
-2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 525.6 R .539
+2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 614.4 R .539
(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.539(.W)-.55 G .539
-(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 537.6 R
+(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 626.4 R
1.778(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.779
(wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424
-(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 549.6 R 1.424
+(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 638.4 R 1.424
(vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\
ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\
-, an in)144 561.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is)
-3 E(supplied as an ar)144
573.6 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5
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662.4 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5
(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15
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-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
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-(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 650.4 Q F0
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--.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F
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%%Page: 10 10
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-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5
-(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F1(kill)108 112.8 Q
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-(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119
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+(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193
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(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2
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(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 160.8 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 254.4 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 172.8 Q .523(gument of)-.18
+1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 266.4 Q .523(gument of)-.18
F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when)
.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
-(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 184.8
+(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 278.4
R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E
-F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 196.8 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F
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F1<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 208.8
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 302.4
R F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
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-(occurs or an in)144 220.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.)
-.25 E F1(let)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37
-E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 249.6 Q F2(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135
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(is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F3 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E
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C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-314.4 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
+408 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 326.4 Q F0 1.165
+(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 420 Q F0 1.165
(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
-(within a function.)144 338.4 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
-F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144
-350.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
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333.6 Q F1<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404
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--.25 F F1(dirs)180 417.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
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-F F1(dirs)180 441.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
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R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)
2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
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3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0
1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
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-(speci\214ed ne)144 506.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 535.2 R .845
+(speci\214ed ne)144 607.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
+(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 636 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-547.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
-.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-
(enabled. If)144 559.2 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
+648 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181
+(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set)
+2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If)
+
144 660 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 571.2 R -.25(va)
--.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 583.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108 600 S(ad)
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 672 R -.25(va)
+-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 684 Q F1 -.18(re)108 700.8 S(ad)
.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2(aname)2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad64>-2.5 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F2
(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)
-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad74>-2.5 E F2(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the st\
-andard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 612 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0
-.516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 624 Q F1
+andard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 712.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0
+.516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 724.8 Q F1
<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038
(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G
.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E
-F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
-.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
-(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 648 R .54(wer w)-.25 F
-.541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\
-e assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 660 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
-(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
-(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
-(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 672 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
-1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
-(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 684 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 696 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 708 R 1.049(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
--.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049
-(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F2(aname)180.33 720 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
-E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
-F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72
-768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+F0(,).18 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0
-(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .42
+(and so on, with lefto)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
+(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
+(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I).18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)
+144 96 R .54(wer w)-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than nam\
+es, the remaining names are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 108 S 2.511
+(lues. The).25 F .011(characters in)2.511 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)
+2.511 E F0 .011(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511
+(ords. The)-.1 F .011(backslash character \()2.511 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89(be used to remo)144 120 R 2.19
+-.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne)
+.15 F 1.891(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 132 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad61>144 144 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
+180 156 R 1.049(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
+-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049
+(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F1(aname)180.33 168 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
+E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
+F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F3<ad64>144 180 Q
+F1(delim)2.5 E F0(The \214rst character of)180 192 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F1<ad65>144 108 Q F0 .372
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
-2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G
-(sed)-2.873 E(to obtain the line.)180 120 Q F1<ad69>144 132 Q F2(te)2.5
-E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+F3<ad65>144 204 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F3 -.18(re)
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F2(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E
+(to obtain the line.)180 216 Q F3<ad69>144 228 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0
+(If)10.78 E F3 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 144 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 168 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
-(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+-.25 F(ing be)180 240 Q(gins.)-.15 E F3<ad6e>144 252 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F3 -.18(re)180 264 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
+(returns after reading)3.894 F F1(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of)
--.1 F(input.)180 180 Q F1<ad70>144 192 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
-(Display)180 204 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)
+-.1 F(input.)180 276 Q F3<ad70>144 288 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
+(Display)180 300 Q F1(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)
3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
-(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 216 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
+(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 312 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 228 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F3
+<ad72>144 324 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 240 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 336 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 252 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 264 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 276 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
+-.25 E F3<ad73>144 348 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F3
+<ad74>144 360 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 372 Q F3 -.18(re)3.549 G
(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
-(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 288 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F1(timeout)
+180 384 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F1(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 300 R .576(This option is only ef)
-5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 396 R .576(This option is only ef)
+5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F3 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .16
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 312 R .16
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 408 R .16
(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .16(gular \214les.)-.15 F .16(The e)
5.16 F .16(xit status)-.15 F(is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)180
-324 Q(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 336 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
-(If no)144 352.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
+420 Q(xceeded.)-.15 E F3<ad75>144 432 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
+(If no)144 448.8 R F1(names)3.052 E F0 .192
(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
-F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
-(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.217
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 364.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.717 G(ad)
-.18 E F0 1.217(times out, or an in)3.717 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.218
-(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 F(ar)144 376.8 Q
-(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 393.6 S(adonly).18
-E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2
-(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 405.6 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
-(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
-.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144
-417.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 429.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
--.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
+F2(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
+(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 460.8 R F3 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
+.18 E F0 1.343
+(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
+(128\), or an in)144 472.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F3
+<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108 489.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3
+(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E
+F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1
+(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
+(alues of these)-.25 F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 513.6 R
+1.096(If the)6.096 F F3<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F1
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 525.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+-.1 F F3<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
--3.334 F F
1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 441.6 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037
-(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538
-(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F
1<ad70>
+-3.334 F F
3<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
+-.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 537.6 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037
+(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F1(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538
+(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F
3<ad70>
3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081
-(of all readonly names is printed.)144
453.6 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581
+(of all readonly names is printed.)144
549.6 R(The)5.081 E F3<ad70>2.581
E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581
-F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 465.6 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176
-(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 561.6 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176
+(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 477.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)144 573.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C
1.206(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205
-(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.065 E F0 1.205
-(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 489.6 S(lid shell v).25 E
-(ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2
-(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S
-(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586
-(Causes a function to e)144 518.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
-.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587
-E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
-(that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
+(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F1(names)4.065 E F0 1.205
+(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 585.6 S(lid shell v).25 E
+(ariable name, or)-.25 E F3<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F1
+(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F3 -.18(re)108 602.4 S
+(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .586
+(Causes a function to e)144 614.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
+.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F1(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587
+E F1(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
+(that of the last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G
1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)
-144 542.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
-5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
+144 638.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F3(.)3.294 E F0(\()
+5.794 E F3(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795
-(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 554.4 R F2(n)3.106
+(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 650.4 R F1(n)3.106
E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245
-(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 566.4 R .082
+(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 662.4 R .082
(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082
-(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082
-(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 578.4 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F
-4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN)
+(cution of a script by).15 F F3(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082
+(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 674.4 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F
+4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F3(RETURN)
4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e)
.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.)
-144 590.4 Q F1(set)108 607.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5
-E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 619.2 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 631.2 S
-.835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
-.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 643.2
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 655.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
-2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
-(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
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2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E
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+F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1
-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0
SF(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184
-414 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E
-F1<ad42>144 426 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+522 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E
+F1<ad42>144 534 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 438 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 450 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 546 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 558 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E
F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 462 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+3.054(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 474 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 486 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
+.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 498 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .839(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 510 Q F1
-<ad48>144 522 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1
+<ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 534 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 546 Q F0 1.165
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 1.165
(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821
-(that change the current w)184 558 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(that change the current w)184 666 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 570 R(def)2.686
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 678 R(def)2.686
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
582 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-594 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
690 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 618 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 630 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72
+768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 15 15
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)
+-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 642 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
-(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-654 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
-(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G
-1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 666 R
-F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
+(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
+.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 1.945
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
+-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 120 R F1
+<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 678 Q .425(The options are of)144
-694.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144
+148.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 706.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 718.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 730.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E
-(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 15 15
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A
-F0(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 96 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429
-(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429
-(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 108 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0
-(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
+(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 120 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06
-(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)
-5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)
-C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 132 R .144
-(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143
-(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 144 Q F1(shopt)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5
-E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)-2.5 E
-F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 172.8 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222(alues of v)
--.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1<ad70>2.722
-E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an \
-indication of whether or not each is set.)144 184.8 R(The)144 196.8 Q F1
-<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displayed in a form th\
-at may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)5.328 F(ha)144
-208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>
-144 220.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1<ad71>144 244.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\
-\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.503 E
-F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 256.8 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2
-(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 268.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 280.8 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
-(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128(If either)144 297.6 R F1
-<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0 .127(is used with no)
-2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
+(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
+.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
+(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
+<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 302.4 R(The)
+144 314.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)
+5.328 F(ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 350.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
+(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .255
+(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
+(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
+<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F
+(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 398.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128
+(If either)144 415.2 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0
+.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023
+(are set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023
(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0
-1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 321.6 Q(ault.)
+1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 439.2 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-338.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
+456 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
4.044 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 350.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 362.4 Q(The list of)144 379.2 Q F1(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 397.2 Q F0 .2
+144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 514.8 Q F0 .2
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 409.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 526.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 421.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 433.2 R .155
+F1(cdable_v)144 538.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 550.8 R .155
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 445.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 457.2 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 562.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 574.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 469.2 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+(corrected. The)184 586.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 481.2 R 4.352 -.65
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 598.8 R 4.352 -.65
(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 493.2 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 610.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 505.2 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 517.2 R F1(bash)
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 622.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 634.8 R F1(bash)
4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F
-2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 529.2 S(cute it.).15 E
+2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 646.8 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 541.2
-Q F0 .449(If set,)184 553.2 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 658.8
+Q F0 .449(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 565.2 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 682.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 1.456
-(attempted without an interv)184 577.2 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15
+(attempted without an interv)184 694.8 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15
F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 589.2 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
+3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 706.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)
--2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 601.2 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 613.2 R F1(bash)
-3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797
-(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G .797
-(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 625.2 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F1(cmdhist)144 637.2 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
-(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
-(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-649.2 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 661.2
-Q F0 .419(If set,)184 673.2 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)
-2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42
-(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E
-(to the conditional command')184 685.2 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G
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--3.355 E -.15(ex)184 384 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv)
-.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 396 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677
-(If set, the programmable completion f)184 408 R .677(acilities \(see)
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+(If set, the programmable completion f)184 504 R .677(acilities \(see)
-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 420 Q
-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 432 Q(omptv)
--.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 444 R 1.448
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 516 Q
+(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 528 Q(omptv)
+-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 540 R 1.448
(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)
--.15 F -.15(ex)184 456 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15
+-.15 F -.15(ex)184 552 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15
G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)
-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E
-(This option is enabled by def)184 468 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 480
+(This option is enabled by def)184 564 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 576
S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
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(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F
1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe)
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(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501
(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 552 Q F1(sour)
-144 564 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 576 R F1(sour)3.271 E
+(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 648 Q F1(sour)
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(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v)
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-184 588 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)
--.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 600 Q F0(If set, the)184 612 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0
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-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15
-E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001
-(Suspend the e)144 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001
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(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is)
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(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G
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-1.889(described abo)144 708 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
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(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
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-(dence. The)144 96 R -.25(eva)2.5 G(luation depends on the number of ar)
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-144 120 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
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+(dence. The)144 210 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
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+(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 222 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G
+(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()
+144 234 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
+F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26
(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 132 Q F2 -.2(ex)
-144 144 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 156 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
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-F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 180 S
-(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
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+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 246 Q F3 -.2(ex)
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-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 250.8 Q
+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 328.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
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F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
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(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180
-298.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
-(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F
-.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 310.8 Q
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+(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
+(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
+(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 424.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 322.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 334.8 R .023
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+(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 448.8 R .023
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
-.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 346.8 Q
+.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 460.8 Q
1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513
-(using the \214rst and third ar)180 358.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
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-.18 F(The)5.513 E F1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0
.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
-(binary operators when there are three ar)180 370.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
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-.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0
-3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 382.8
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R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18
-F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 394.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
+F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 508.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875
(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874
(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
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--.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 418.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384
-(If the \214rst ar)180 430.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
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2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385
(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)
--.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 442.8 R 4.147
+-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 556.8 R 4.147
(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
-(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 454.8 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 466.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)
--.18 E 1.635(The e)180 478.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F
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-.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
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accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\
-rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 519.6 Q F1(trap)108
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-(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 548.4 R F2(ar)
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3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702
(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G
-(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2
+(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F3(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F3
(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
-144
560.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
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674.4 R F3(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.658(\(the v)144 572.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
--.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
-(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
-144.34 584.4 Q F0 .581
+.658(\(the v)144 686.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
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(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
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-F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
-F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144
608.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
+(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 710.4 R
+F3(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
+F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144
722.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
-(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
-(signal. The)144 620.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81
-(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E .745
-(names are case insensiti)144 644.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
-(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F2(sigspec)
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-F2(ar)144.33 656.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.63
-(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2
-(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.629
-(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.459 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.206(before e)144 668.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15
-E F2 1.206(simple command)3.706 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.706 E F0(command,)
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-(command, e)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.207(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144
-680.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.913 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .412
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 692.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.665
-(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.665 F F1(extdeb)2.666
-E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .509(on the)
-144 704.4 R F1(DEB)3.009 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.009(trap. If)3.009 F(a)3.009 E
-F2(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508
-(the command)2.758 F F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .508(is e)3.228 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .508(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(ras).15 G .508
-(imple com-)-3.008 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 716.4 R 2.506
-(xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F
-(The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144
-728.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
-(ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105
-(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F1(until)2.605 E F0
-(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F(GNU Bash-3.0)72
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%%Page: 19 19
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.1(ke)144
-84 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)
-5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .549(cuted in a).15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)
-3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)
-3.049 F .578(the command')144 96 R 3.078(sr)-.55 G .578(eturn v)-3.078 F
-.578(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .578(rted via).15 F F2(!)
-3.078 E F0 5.577(.T)C .577(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.577 F
-.577(yed by the)-.15 F F2(err)144 108 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.03(option. If)
-3.03 F(a)3.03 E F1(sigspec)3.37 E F0(is)3.341 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(RETURN)3.031 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .531(the command)2.781 F F1
-(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .531
-(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .317(or a script e)144 120 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2
-(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G .317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F .316(ignored upon entry to)
-2.817 F .787(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 132 R -.35(Tr)
-5.787 G .787
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.83
+(signal. The)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option c\
+auses the shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding\
+ num-)2.83 F 4.311(bers. Each)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)
+4.651 E F0 1.811(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2
+(signal.h)A F0 1.81(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
+.745(names are case insensiti)144 108 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
+(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F2(sigspec)
+3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745
+(\(0\) the command)2.995 F F2(ar)144.33 120 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.63(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
+1.63(If a)6.63 F F2(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E
+/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.629(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.459 E(g)
+-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.206(before e)
+144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.206(simple command)3.706 F F0(,)A
+F2(for)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E
+F2(select)3.707 E F0 1.207(command, e)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.207
+(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144 144 Q F0 .412
+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .412
+(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .412(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0
+(abo)144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.665(\). Refer).15 F .166
+(to the description of the)2.665 F F1(extdeb)2.666 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166
+(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)2.666 G .166
+(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .509(on the)144 168 R F1
+(DEB)3.009 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.009(trap. If)3.009 F(a)3.009 E F2(sigspec)
+3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508(the command)2.758 F
+F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .508(is e)3.228 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .508
+(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(ras).15 G .508(imple com-)-3.008
+F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 180 R 2.506
+(xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F
+(The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144
+192 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
+(ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105
+(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F1(until)2.605 E F0 -.1
+(ke)144 204 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)
+3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.549(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF<efef>
+3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .578(the command')144 216 R 3.078
+(sr)-.55 G .578(eturn v)-3.078 F .578(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)
+-.4 G .578(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.078 E F0 5.577(.T)C .577
+(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.577 F .577(yed by the)-.15 F F1
+(err)144 228 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.03(option. If)3.03 F(a)3.03 E F2
+(sigspec)3.37 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531
+(the command)2.781 F F2(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .531(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .317
+(or a script e)144 240 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)
+2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F1(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G .317
+(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F
+.316(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787
+(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 252 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787
(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1
-(original v)144 144 R 1.1(alues in a child process when it is created.)
--.25 F 1.1(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1
-(sigspec)3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 156 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise)
-.25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5
-E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E
--.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G
-(ach)-2.673 E F1(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
+(original v)144 264 R 1.1(alues in a child process when it is created.)
+-.25 F 1.1(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F2
+(sigspec)3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 276 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise)
+.25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 292.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E
+-.4(Wi)144 304.8 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G
+(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F2<ad74>144 196.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0
-.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
-F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1
-(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 208.8 Q F0 .086
+F1<ad74>144 316.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
+.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
+F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
+(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2
+(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 328.8 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 220.8 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 340.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
-F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 232.8 R .855
-(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
+F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 352.8 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 244.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
-G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
-F2<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F4 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
-E F0 .112(search for each)144 256.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
+144 364.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
+G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
+F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
+E F0 .112(search for each)144 376.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
--.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
-.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F
2<ad70>2.613 E
-F0(and)144
268.8 Q F2<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
-.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4
--.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F
5(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F2<ad61>2.944
-E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 280.8 R F2(type)2.765 E F0 .265
+-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
+.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F
1<ad70>2.613 E
+F0(and)144
388.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
+.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3
+-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F
4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944
+E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 400.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265
(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
-(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
+(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
-144
292.8 R F2<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+144
412.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
-(consulted when using)144
304.8 R F2<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
--5.548 E F
2<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
-(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2
-(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 316.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
+(consulted when using)144
424.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
+-5.548 E F
1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1
+(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 436.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 333.6
-Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 345.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 453.6
+Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 465.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 357.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F
2<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
+.943(that allo)144 477.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F
1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 369.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 489.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 381.6 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F
2<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F
2<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 501.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F
1<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F
1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-393.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+513.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 405.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 525.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
429.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
549.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 441.6 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
-<ad61>144
453.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
-465.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F2<ad63>144 477.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F2<ad64>144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 501.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 513.6 Q
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 561.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
+<ad61>144
573.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
+585.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F1<ad63>144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F1<ad64>144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 621.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 633.6 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F2<ad69>144 525.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 537.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 549.6 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F2<ad6e>144 561.6 Q F0 .791(The \
+26.97 E F1<ad69>144 645.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 669.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F1<ad6e>144 681.6 Q F0 .791(The \
maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-573.6 Q F2<ad70>144 585.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
-<ad71>144 597.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144
-609.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
-621.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 633.6 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 645.6 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 657.6 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell).25 E F2<ad78>144 669.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F2<ad54>144 681.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)2.933 E
-F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843
-(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2<ad61>
-2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F
-.176(option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>
-2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2
-<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 722.4
-Q F2<ad70>3.563 E F0 3.563(,w)C 1.063
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-3.563 F F2<ad54>3.564 E F0(,)
-A F2<ad62>3.564 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>3.564 E F0 3.564(,a)C(nd)-3.564 E F2
-<ad75>3.564 E F0 3.564(,w)C 1.064(hich are unscaled)-3.564 F
+693.6 Q F1<ad70>144 705.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
+<ad71>144 717.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E
(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 20 20
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.25(va)144
-84 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 F
--.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
-(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 96
-Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0
+(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 96 Q F0
+(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 120 Q F0
+(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 132 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 144 Q F0
+(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 156 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 172.8 Q/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
+(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi)
+144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175
+(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 196.8
+Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1
+<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E
+3.788(ues. The)144 208.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
+(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
+220.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 249.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 261.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+273.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 285.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551
+(mode)144.38 297.6 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 309.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 326.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 338.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 350.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 242.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.106
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 367.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 379.2 S 3.106
(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E
.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607
(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 266.4 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 391.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 278.4 Q F0 .459
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 403.2 Q F0 .459
(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 290.4 R .903
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 415.2 R .903
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.902 E(an)144 302.4 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+(If)5.902 E(an)144 427.2 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(RANDOM)4.284 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
(LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME)
-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST)
4.285 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.035 E .329(unset, the)144
-314.4 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F
+439.2 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya)
-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .328
-(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 326.4 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
-(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 355.2 S .288
+(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 451.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
+(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
+(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 480 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 367.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
-(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
-F2(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
+-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0
+(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 504 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266
(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 391.2 R .457
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 516 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 528 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 420 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-432 Q(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 544.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+556.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Wed Jul 2 09:08:26 2008
+%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 24 09:12:42 2008
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- coproc_close (&sh_coproc);
+ coproc_closeall ();
#endif
/* If this is a user subshell, set a flag if stdin was redirected.
}
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+#define COPROC_MAX 16
+
+typedef struct cpelement
+ {
+ struct cpelement *next;
+ struct coproc *coproc;
+ }
+cpelement_t;
+
+typedef struct cplist
+ {
+ struct cpelement *head;
+ struct cpelement *tail;
+ int ncoproc;
+ }
+cplist_t;
+
+static struct cpelement *cpe_alloc __P((struct coproc *));
+static void cpe_dispose __P((struct cpelement *));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_add __P((struct coproc *));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_delete __P((pid_t));
+static void cpl_flush __P((void));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_search __P((pid_t));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_searchbyname __P((char *));
+static void cpl_prune __P((void));
+
Coproc sh_coproc = { 0, NO_PID, -1, -1, 0, 0 };
+cplist_t coproc_list = {0, 0, 0};
+
+/* Functions to manage the list of exited background pids whose status has
+ been saved. */
+
+static struct cpelement *
+cpe_alloc (cp)
+ Coproc *cp;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ cpe = (struct cpelement *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct cpelement));
+ cpe->coproc = cp;
+ cpe->next = (struct cpelement *)0;
+ return cpe;
+}
+
+static void
+cpe_dispose (cpe)
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+{
+ free (cpe);
+}
+
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_add (cp)
+ Coproc *cp;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ cpe = cpe_alloc (cp);
+
+ if (coproc_list.head == 0)
+ {
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = cpe;
+ coproc_list.ncoproc = 0; /* just to make sure */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ coproc_list.tail->next = cpe;
+ coproc_list.tail = cpe;
+ }
+ coproc_list.ncoproc++;
+
+ return cpe;
+}
+
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_delete (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ struct cpelement *prev, *p;
+
+ for (prev = p = coproc_list.head; p; prev = p, p = p->next)
+ if (p->coproc->c_pid == pid)
+ {
+ prev->next = p->next; /* remove from list */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (p == 0)
+ return 0; /* not found */
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+ itrace("cpl_delete: deleting %d", pid);
+#endif
+
+ /* Housekeeping in the border cases. */
+ if (p == coproc_list.head)
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.head->next;
+ else if (p == coproc_list.tail)
+ coproc_list.tail = prev;
+
+ coproc_list.ncoproc--;
+ if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 0)
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = 0;
+ else if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 1)
+ coproc_list.tail = coproc_list.head; /* just to make sure */
+
+ return (p);
+}
+
+/* Clear out the list of saved statuses */
+static void
+cpl_flush ()
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe, *p;
+
+ for (cpe = coproc_list.head; cpe; )
+ {
+ p = cpe;
+ cpe = cpe->next;
+
+ coproc_dispose (p->coproc);
+ cpe_dispose (p);
+ }
+
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = 0;
+ coproc_list.ncoproc = 0;
+}
+
+/* Search for PID in the list of coprocs; return the cpelement struct if
+ found. If not found, return NULL. */
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_search (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cp;
+
+ for (cp = coproc_list.head ; cp; cp = cp->next)
+ if (cp->coproc->c_pid == pid)
+ return cp;
+ return (struct cpelement *)NULL;
+}
+
+/* Search for the coproc named NAME in the list of coprocs; return the
+ cpelement struct if found. If not found, return NULL. */
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_searchbyname (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cp;
+
+ for (cp = coproc_list.head ; cp; cp = cp->next)
+ if (STREQ (cp->coproc->c_name, name))
+ return cp;
+ return (struct cpelement *)NULL;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+cpl_prune ()
+{
+ struct cpelement *cp;
+
+ while (coproc_list.head && coproc_list.ncoproc > COPROC_MAX)
+ {
+ cp = coproc_list.head;
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.head->next;
+ coproc_dispose (cp->coproc);
+ cpe_dispose (cp);
+ coproc_list.ncoproc--;
+ }
+}
+#endif
+
/* These currently use a single global "shell coproc" but are written in a
- way to not preclude additional coprocs later */
+ way to not preclude additional coprocs later (using the list management
+ package above). */
struct coproc *
getcoprocbypid (pid)
{
struct coproc *cp;
- cp = &sh_coproc;
+ cp = &sh_coproc; /* XXX */
coproc_init (cp);
cp->c_name = savestring (name);
coproc_init (cp);
}
+/* Placeholder for now. */
+void
+coproc_flush ()
+{
+ coproc_dispose (&sh_coproc);
+}
+
void
coproc_close (cp)
struct coproc *cp;
cp->c_rsave = cp->c_wsave = -1;
}
+void
+coproc_closeall ()
+{
+ coproc_close (&sh_coproc);
+}
+
void
coproc_rclose (cp, fd)
struct coproc *cp;
}
void
-coproc_fdchk (cp, fd)
+coproc_checkfd (cp, fd)
struct coproc *cp;
int fd;
{
coproc_setvars (cp);
}
+void
+coproc_fdchk (fd)
+ int fd;
+{
+ coproc_checkfd (&sh_coproc, fd);
+}
+
void
coproc_fdclose (cp, fd)
struct coproc *cp;
coproc_setvars (cp);
}
-
void
coproc_fdsave (cp)
struct coproc *cp;
struct coproc *cp;
cp = getcoprocbypid (pid);
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+ if (cp)
+ itrace("coproc_pidchk: pid %d has died", pid);
+#endif
if (cp)
-{
-itrace("coproc_pidchk: pid %d has died", pid);
coproc_dispose (cp);
}
-}
void
coproc_setvars (cp)
Coproc *cp;
char *tcmd;
+ /* XXX -- will require changes to handle multiple coprocs */
if (sh_coproc.c_pid != NO_PID)
{
#if 0
do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- coproc_close (&sh_coproc);
+ coproc_closeall ();
#endif
subshell_environment = 0;
do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
pipe_in = pipe_out = NO_PIPE;
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- coproc_close (&sh_coproc);
+ coproc_closeall ();
#endif
last_asynchronous_pid = old_last_async_pid;
extern void coproc_init __P((struct coproc *));
extern struct coproc *coproc_alloc __P((char *, pid_t));
extern void coproc_dispose __P((struct coproc *));
+extern void coproc_flush __P((void));
extern void coproc_close __P((struct coproc *));
+extern void coproc_closeall __P((void));
extern void coproc_rclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
extern void coproc_wclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
extern void coproc_fdclose __P((struct coproc *, int));
-extern void coproc_fdchk __P((struct coproc *, int));
+extern void coproc_checkfd __P((struct coproc *, int));
+extern void coproc_fdchk __P((int));
+
extern void coproc_pidchk __P((pid_t));
extern void coproc_fdsave __P((struct coproc *));
c = sample[i];
if (c == '\n')
return (0);
-
-#if 0
- if (ISSPACE (c) == 0 && ISPRINT (c) == 0)
-#else
if (c == '\0')
-#endif
return (1);
-
}
return (0);
return (name);
}
+/* Trim NAME. If NAME begins with `~/', skip over tilde prefix. Trim to
+ keep any tilde prefix and PROMPT_DIRTRIM trailing directory components
+ and replace the intervening characters with `...' */
+char *
+trim_pathname (name, maxlen)
+ char *name;
+ int maxlen;
+{
+ int nlen, ndirs;
+ intmax_t nskip;
+ char *nbeg, *nend, *ntail, *v;
+
+ if (name == 0 || (nlen = strlen (name)) == 0)
+ return name;
+ nend = name + nlen;
+
+ v = get_string_value ("PROMPT_DIRTRIM");
+ if (v == 0 || *v == 0)
+ return name;
+ if (legal_number (v, &nskip) == 0 || nskip <= 0)
+ return name;
+
+ /* Skip over tilde prefix */
+ nbeg = name;
+ if (name[0] == '~')
+ for (nbeg = name; *nbeg; nbeg++)
+ if (*nbeg == '/')
+ {
+ nbeg++;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (*nbeg == 0)
+ return name;
+
+ for (ndirs = 0, ntail = nbeg; *ntail; ntail++)
+ if (*ntail == '/')
+ ndirs++;
+ if (ndirs <= nskip)
+ return name;
+
+ for (ntail = (*nend == '/') ? nend : nend - 1; ntail > nbeg; ntail--)
+ {
+ if (*ntail == '/')
+ nskip--;
+ if (nskip == 0)
+ break;
+ }
+ if (ntail == nbeg)
+ return name;
+
+ /* Now we want to return name[0..nbeg]+"..."+ntail, modifying name in place */
+ nlen = ntail - nbeg;
+ if (nlen <= 3)
+ return name;
+
+ *nbeg++ = '.';
+ *nbeg++ = '.';
+ *nbeg++ = '.';
+
+ nlen = nend - ntail;
+ memcpy (nbeg, ntail, nlen);
+ nbeg[nlen] = '\0';
+
+ return name;
+}
+
/* Given a string containing units of information separated by colons,
return the next one pointed to by (P_INDEX), or NULL if there are no more.
Advance (P_INDEX) to the character after the colon. */
bgpids.npid--;
}
}
-
+
/* Reset the values of js.j_lastj and js.j_firstj after one or both have
been deleted. The caller should check whether js.j_njobs is 0 before
calling this. This wraps around, but the rest of the code does not. At
#include "bashintl.h"
#include "syntax.h"
+#include "parser.h"
#include "command.h"
#include "general.h"
#include "error.h"
return (make_command (cm_subshell, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp));
}
+COMMAND *
+make_coproc_command (name, command)
+ char *name;
+ COMMAND *command;
+{
+ COPROC_COM *temp;
+
+ temp = (COPROC_COM *)xmalloc (sizeof (COPROC_COM));
+ temp->name = savestring (name);
+ temp->command = command;
+ temp->flags = CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
+ return (make_command (cm_coproc, (SIMPLE_COM *)temp));
+}
+
/* Reverse the word list and redirection list in the simple command
has just been parsed. It seems simpler to do this here the one
time then by any other method that I can think of. */
read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline)
int remove_quoted_newline;
{
+ char *ret;
+ int n, c;
+
prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
prompt_again ();
- return (read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline));
+ ret = read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline);
+ if (remember_on_history && (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC))
+ {
+ /* To make adding the the here-document body right, we need to rely
+ on history_delimiting_chars() returning \n for the first line of
+ the here-document body and the null string for the second and
+ subsequent lines, so we avoid double newlines.
+ current_command_line_count == 2 for the first line of the body. */
+
+ current_command_line_count++;
+ maybe_add_history (ret);
+ }
+ return ret;
}
/* **************************************************************** */
void
gather_here_documents ()
{
- int r = 0;
+ int r;
+
+ r = 0;
while (need_here_doc)
{
+ parser_state |= PST_HEREDOC;
make_here_document (redir_stack[r++], line_number);
+ parser_state &= ~PST_HEREDOC;
need_here_doc--;
}
}
char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
int retind, retsize, rflags;
-/* itrace("parse_matched_pair: open = %c close = %c", open, close); */
+/* itrace("parse_matched_pair: open = %c close = %c flags = %d", open, close, flags); */
count = 1;
tflags = 0;
if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+#if 0
+ /* The big hammer. Single quotes aren't special in double quotes. The
+ problem is that Posix says the single quotes are semi-special:
+ within a double-quoted ${...} construct "an even number of
+ unescaped double-quotes or single-quotes, if any, shall occur." */
+ if MBTEST(open == '{' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) && ch == '\'') /* } */
+ continue;
+#endif
+
/* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
inside old-style command substitution. */
if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
if (dstack.delimiter_depth != 0)
return ("\n");
-
+
+ /* We look for current_command_line_count == 2 because we are looking to
+ add the first line of the body of the here document (the second line
+ of the command). */
+ if (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC)
+ return (current_command_line_count == 2 ? "\n" : "");
+
/* First, handle some special cases. */
/*(*/
/* If we just read `()', assume it's a function definition, and don't
read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline)
int remove_quoted_newline;
{
+ char *ret;
+ int n, c;
+
prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
prompt_again ();
- return (read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline));
+ ret = read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline);
+ if (remember_on_history && (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC))
+ {
+ /* To make adding the the here-document body right, we need to rely
+ on history_delimiting_chars() returning \n for the first line of
+ the here-document body and the null string for the second and
+ subsequent lines, so we avoid double newlines.
+ current_command_line_count == 2 for the first line of the body. */
+
+ current_command_line_count++;
+ maybe_add_history (ret);
+ }
+ return ret;
}
/* **************************************************************** */
if ((parser_state & PST_EOFTOKEN) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
{
-itrace("shell_eof_token == ')'; setting current_token == yacc_EOF");
current_token = yacc_EOF;
if (bash_input.type == st_string)
rewind_input_string ();
void
gather_here_documents ()
{
- int r = 0;
+ int r;
+
+ r = 0;
while (need_here_doc)
{
+ parser_state |= PST_HEREDOC;
make_here_document (redir_stack[r++], line_number);
+ parser_state &= ~PST_HEREDOC;
need_here_doc--;
}
}
char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
int retind, retsize, rflags;
-/* itrace("parse_matched_pair: open = %c close = %c", open, close); */
+/* itrace("parse_matched_pair: open = %c close = %c flags = %d", open, close, flags); */
count = 1;
tflags = 0;
if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+#if 0
+ /* The big hammer. Single quotes aren't special in double quotes, even
+ double-quoted parameter expansions. XXX - do the same thing for
+ command substitution/arithmetic expansion? */
+ if MBTEST(open == '{' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) && ch == '\'') /* } */
+ continue;
+#endif
+
/* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
inside old-style command substitution. */
if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
if (dstack.delimiter_depth != 0)
return ("\n");
-
+
+ /* We look for current_command_line_count == 2 because we are looking to
+ add the first line of the body of the here document (the second line
+ of the command). */
+ if (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC)
+ return (current_command_line_count == 2 ? "\n" : "");
+
/* First, handle some special cases. */
/*(*/
/* If we just read `()', assume it's a function definition, and don't
#define PST_ASSIGNOK 0x04000 /* assignment statement ok in this context */
#define PST_EOFTOKEN 0x08000 /* yylex checks against shell_eof_token */
#define PST_REGEXP 0x10000 /* parsing an ERE/BRE as a single word */
+#define PST_HEREDOC 0x20000 /* reading body of here-document */
/* Definition of the delimiter stack. Needed by parse.y and bashhist.c. */
struct dstack {
#define PST_CMDTOKEN 0x01000 /* command token OK - unused */
#define PST_COMPASSIGN 0x02000 /* parsing x=(...) compound assignment */
#define PST_ASSIGNOK 0x04000 /* assignment statement ok in this context */
-#define PST_REGEXP 0x08000 /* parsing an ERE/BRE as a single word */
+#define PST_EOFTOKEN 0x08000 /* yylex checks against shell_eof_token */
+#define PST_REGEXP 0x10000 /* parsing an ERE/BRE as a single word */
/* Definition of the delimiter stack. Needed by parse.y and bashhist.c. */
struct dstack {
{
close (redir_fd);
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- coproc_fdchk (&sh_coproc, redir_fd); /* XXX - loses coproc fds */
+ coproc_fdchk (redir_fd); /* XXX - loses coproc fds */
#endif
}
}
add_undo_redirect (redirector, ri);
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- coproc_fdchk (&sh_coproc, redirector);
+ coproc_fdchk (redirector);
#endif
#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
#endif /* HISTORY */
#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
- coproc_dispose (&sh_coproc);
+ coproc_flush ();
#endif
#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, SX_NOALLOC);
else
- ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
+ ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 1, SX_NOALLOC);
i = si + 1;
continue;
static WORD_LIST *expand_string_for_rhs __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
static WORD_LIST *list_quote_escapes __P((WORD_LIST *));
-static char *dequote_escapes __P((char *));
static char *make_quoted_char __P((int));
static WORD_LIST *quote_list __P((WORD_LIST *));
-static char *remove_quoted_nulls __P((char *));
static int unquoted_substring __P((char *, char *));
static int unquoted_member __P((int, char *));
static intmax_t parameter_brace_expand_length __P((char *));
static char *skiparith __P((char *, int));
-static int verify_substring_values __P((char *, char *, int, intmax_t *, intmax_t *));
+static int verify_substring_values __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, char *, int, intmax_t *, intmax_t *));
static int get_var_and_type __P((char *, char *, int, SHELL_VAR **, char **));
static char *mb_substring __P((char *, int, int));
static char *parameter_brace_substring __P((char *, char *, char *, int));
static char *parameter_brace_patsub __P((char *, char *, char *, int));
+static char *pos_params_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, int));
+static char *parameter_brace_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int));
+
static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int *, int *));
static WORD_DESC *param_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int *, int *, int *, int *, int));
if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, SX_NOALLOC);
else
- ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
+ ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 1, SX_NOALLOC);
i = si + 1;
continue;
/* Pass the contents of single-quoted and double-quoted strings
through verbatim. */
+#if 0
+ if ((c == '\'' && quoted == 0) || c == '"')
+#else
if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+#endif
{
si = i + 1;
i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si)
int flags;
{
SHELL_VAR *v;
- int mklocal;
+ int mklocal, mkassoc;
WORD_LIST *list;
mklocal = flags & ASS_MKLOCAL;
+ mkassoc = flags & ASS_MKASSOC;
if (mklocal && variable_context)
{
v = find_variable (name);
list = expand_compound_array_assignment (v, value, flags);
- if (v == 0 || array_p (v) == 0 || v->context != variable_context)
+ if (mkassoc)
+ v = make_local_assoc_variable (name);
+ else if (v == 0 || (array_p (v) == 0 && assoc_p (v) == 0) || v->context != variable_context)
v = make_local_array_variable (name);
assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
}
{
if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG)
aflags |= ASS_MKLOCAL;
+ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
+ aflags |= ASS_MKASSOC;
entry = do_compound_assignment (name, value, aflags);
}
else
}
else
retval = 1;
- ASSIGN_RETURN (retval);
- if (entry && retval != 0)
+ if (entry && retval != 0 && noassign_p (entry) == 0)
VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);
+
+ ASSIGN_RETURN (retval);
#else
if (entry)
VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);
characters.
Also used by parts of the pattern substitution code. */
-static char *
+char *
dequote_escapes (string)
char *string;
{
of how expand_word_internal works. remove_quoted_nulls () turns
STRING into an empty string iff it only consists of a quoted null,
and removes all unquoted CTLNUL characters. */
-static char *
+char *
remove_quoted_nulls (string)
char *string;
{
if (assoc_p (var))
{
t[len - 1] = '\0';
- akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0); /* [ */
+ akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0); /* [ */
t[len - 1] = ']';
if (akey == 0 || *akey == 0)
{
t = (ind == 0) ? value_cell (var) : (char *)NULL;
}
- len = STRLEN (t);
+ len = MB_STRLEN (t);
return (len);
}
#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
Return value is 1 if both values were OK, 0 if there was a problem
with an invalid expression, or -1 if the values were out of range. */
static int
-verify_substring_values (value, substr, vtype, e1p, e2p)
+verify_substring_values (v, value, substr, vtype, e1p, e2p)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
char *value, *substr;
int vtype;
intmax_t *e1p, *e2p;
int expok;
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
ARRAY *a;
+ HASH_TABLE *h;
#endif
/* duplicate behavior of strchr(3) */
break;
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
case VT_ARRAYVAR:
- a = (ARRAY *)value;
/* For arrays, the first value deals with array indices. Negative
- offsets count from one past the array's maximum index. */
- len = array_max_index (a) + (*e1p < 0); /* arrays index from 0 to n - 1 */
+ offsets count from one past the array's maximum index. Associative
+ arrays treat the number of elements as the maximum index. */
+ if (assoc_p (v))
+ {
+ h = assoc_cell (v);
+ len = assoc_num_elements (h) + (*e1p < 0);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ a = (ARRAY *)value;
+ len = array_max_index (a) + (*e1p < 0); /* arrays index from 0 to n - 1 */
+ }
break;
#endif
}
starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
- r = verify_substring_values (val, substr, vtype, &e1, &e2);
+ r = verify_substring_values (v, val, substr, vtype, &e1, &e2);
this_command_name = oname;
if (r <= 0)
return ((r == 0) ? &expand_param_error : (char *)NULL);
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
case VT_ARRAYVAR:
if (assoc_p (v))
- tt = (char *)NULL;
+ /* we convert to list and take first e2 elements starting at e1th
+ element -- officially undefined for now */
+ temp = assoc_subrange (assoc_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted);
else
/* We want E2 to be the number of elements desired (arrays can be sparse,
so verify_substring_values just returns the numbers specified and we
return temp;
}
+/****************************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Functions to perform case modification on variable values */
+/* */
+/****************************************************************/
+
+/* Do case modification on the positional parameters. */
+
+static char *
+pos_params_modcase (string, pat, modop, mflags)
+ char *string, *pat;
+ int modop;
+ int mflags;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *save, *params;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ char *ret;
+ int pchar, qflags;
+
+ save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
+ if (save == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ for ( ; params; params = params->next)
+ {
+ ret = sh_modcase (params->word->word, pat, modop);
+ w = alloc_word_desc ();
+ w->word = ret ? ret : savestring ("");
+ dispose_word (params->word);
+ params->word = w;
+ }
+
+ pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@';
+ qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0;
+
+ ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags);
+ dispose_words (save);
+
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Perform case modification on VALUE, which is the expansion of
+ VARNAME. MODSPEC is an expression supplying the type of modification
+ to perform. QUOTED is a flags word containing the type of quoting
+ currently in effect. */
+static char *
+parameter_brace_casemod (varname, value, modspec, patspec, quoted)
+ char *varname, *value;
+ int modspec;
+ char *patspec;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ int vtype, starsub, modop, mflags, x;
+ char *val, *temp, *pat, *p, *lpat, *tt;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ if (value == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ this_command_name = varname;
+
+ vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val);
+ if (vtype == -1)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+ vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+ modop = 0;
+ mflags = 0;
+ if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED;
+ if (starsub)
+ mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB;
+
+ p = patspec;
+ if (modspec == '^')
+ {
+ x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+ modop = x ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_CAPITALIZE;
+ p += x;
+ }
+ else if (modspec == ',')
+ {
+ x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+ modop = x ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UNCAP;
+ p += x;
+ }
+ else if (modspec == '~')
+ {
+ x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+ modop = x ? CASE_TOGGLEALL : CASE_TOGGLE;
+ p += x;
+ }
+
+ lpat = p ? savestring (p) : 0;
+ /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the
+ pattern removal expansions. FOR LATER */
+ pat = lpat ? getpattern (lpat, quoted, 1) : 0;
+
+ /* OK, now we do the case modification. */
+ switch (vtype)
+ {
+ case VT_VARIABLE:
+ case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+ temp = sh_modcase (val, pat, modop);
+ if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+ FREE (val);
+ if (temp)
+ {
+ tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp);
+ free (temp);
+ temp = tt;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case VT_POSPARMS:
+ temp = pos_params_modcase (val, pat, modop, mflags);
+ if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
+ {
+ tt = quote_escapes (temp);
+ free (temp);
+ temp = tt;
+ }
+ break;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+ temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_modcase (assoc_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags)
+ : array_modcase (array_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags);
+ /* Don't call quote_escapes; array_modcase calls array_quote_escapes
+ as appropriate before adding the space separators; ditto for
+ assoc_modcase. */
+ break;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ FREE (pat);
+ free (lpat);
+
+ return temp;
+}
+
/* Check for unbalanced parens in S, which is the contents of $(( ... )). If
any occur, this must be a nested command substitution, so return 0.
Otherwise, return 1. A valid arithmetic expression must always have a
/* */
/****************************************************************/
-/* ${[#][!]name[[:]#[#]%[%]-=?+[word][:e1[:e2]]]} */
+/* ${[#][!]name[[:][^[^]][,[,]]#[#]%[%]-=?+[word][:e1[:e2]]]} */
static WORD_DESC *
parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
char *string;
int *indexp, quoted, *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at;
{
int check_nullness, var_is_set, var_is_null, var_is_special;
- int want_substring, want_indir, want_patsub;
+ int want_substring, want_indir, want_patsub, want_casemod;
char *name, *value, *temp, *temp1;
WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret;
- int t_index, sindex, c, tflag;
+ int t_index, sindex, c, tflag, modspec;
intmax_t number;
temp = temp1 = value = (char *)NULL;
var_is_set = var_is_null = var_is_special = check_nullness = 0;
- want_substring = want_indir = want_patsub = 0;
+ want_substring = want_indir = want_patsub = want_casemod = 0;
sindex = *indexp;
t_index = ++sindex;
if (string[t_index] == '#' && legal_variable_starter (string[t_index+1])) /* {{ */
name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "}", SX_VARNAME);
else
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+ /* To enable case-toggling expansions using the `~' operator character
+ change the 1 to 0. */
+# if defined (CASEMOD_CAPCASE)
+ name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,~:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+# else
+ name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+# endif /* CASEMOD_CAPCASE */
+#else
name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+#endif /* CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS */
ret = 0;
tflag = 0;
want_substring = 1;
else if (c == '/' && string[sindex] != RBRACE)
want_patsub = 1;
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+ else if (c == '^' || c == ',' || c == '~')
+ {
+ modspec = c;
+ want_casemod = 1;
+ }
+#endif
/* Catch the valid and invalid brace expressions that made it through the
tests above. */
ret->word = temp1;
return ret;
}
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+ else if (want_casemod)
+ {
+ temp1 = parameter_brace_casemod (name, temp, modspec, value, quoted);
+ FREE (name);
+ FREE (value);
+ FREE (temp);
+
+ if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+ else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp1;
+ return ret;
+ }
+#endif
/* Do the right thing based on which character ended the variable name. */
switch (c)
if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-A");
+ t = do_word_assignment (tlist->word);
if (t == 0)
{
last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
+BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current
THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
echo cc
cc
1
+one
+two
+three
+ 1 cat <<!
+one
+two
+three
+!
+
+cat <<!
+one
+two
+three
+!
+
+one
+two
+three
shopt -q -o history
echo $?
+
+${THIS_SH} ./history1.sub
unalias -a
alias
+# these two blocks had better both result in the same output
+echo aa
+echo bb
+echo cc
+fc -e cat
+
+echo aa
+echo bb
+echo cc
+fc -e cat -1
+
set +o history
shopt -q -o history
--- /dev/null
+set -o history
+
+history -c
+cat <<!
+one
+two
+three
+!
+
+history
+fc -s cat
--- /dev/null
+set -o history
+
+history -c
+cat <<!
+one
+two
+three
+!
+
+history
+fc -s 2
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
