shell.c
- don't include the --wordexp option or the supporting function
(run_wordexp) if WORDEXP_OPTION is not defined. Suggested by
- Aharon Robbins.
+ Aharon Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
execute_cmd.c
- in execute_cond_node, turn on comsub_ignore_return if the flags
immediately handles signals. This restores the readline-5.2
behavior. Fixes GDB readline bug reported by Jan Kratochvil
<jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
+
+ 12/22
+ -----
+config-top.h
+ - don't have SYSLOG_HISTORY enabled by default
+
+lib/sh/Makefile.in
+ - add explicit dependency on pathnames.h for parallel make support
+
+externs.h
+ - add extern declaration for xtrace_fdchk
+
+lib/sh/snprintf.c
+ - add local prototype declarations for isinf, isnan if we are providing
+ local definitions
+
+lib/sh/fnxform.c
+ - add extern declaration for get_locale_var if HAVE_LOCALE_CHARSET not
+ defined
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - define NEED_FPURGE_DECL so we pick up any extern declaration for
+ fpurge (e.g., if the system doesn't provide it)
+
+builtins/shopt.def
+ - correct prototype and declaration for set_shellopts_after_change so
+ it's the correct type for shopt_set_func_t
+ - add new function shopt_enable_hostname_completion that is the correct
+ type for shopt_set_func_t; just calls enable_hostname_completion and
+ returns its result
+
+ 12/26
+ -----
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - add \E and \" escape sequences to ANSI-C quoting description.
+ Suggested by Aharon Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
value accumulated so far, which is suppose to be what
strtoimax/strtoll/strtol returns
+ 11/17
+ -----
+[bash-4.1-beta released]
+
11/18
-----
builtins/{common.h,shopt.def},shell.c
immediately handles signals. This restores the readline-5.2
behavior. Fixes GDB readline bug reported by Jan Kratochvil
<jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
+
+ 12/22
+ -----
+config-top.h
+ - don't have SYSLOG_HISTORY enabled by default
+
+lib/sh/Makefile.in
+ - add explicit dependency on pathnames.h for parallel make support
+
+externs.h
+ - add extern declaration for xtrace_fdchk
+
+lib/sh/snprintf.c
+ - add local prototype declarations for isinf, isnan if we are providing
+ local definitions
+
+lib/sh/fnxform.c
+ - add extern declaration for get_locale_var if HAVE_LOCALE_CHARSET not
+ defined
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - define NEED_FPURGE_DECL so we pick up any extern declaration for
+ fpurge (e.g., if the system doesn't provide it)
+
+builtins/shopt.def
+ - correct prototype and declaration for set_shellopts_after_change so
+ it's the correct type for shopt_set_func_t
+ - add new function shopt_enable_hostname_completion that is the correct
+ type for shopt_set_func_t; just calls enable_hostname_completion and
+ returns its result
# Files that depend on the definitions in config-top.h, which are not meant
# to be changed
+bashhist.o: config-top.h
shell.o: config-top.h
input.o: config-top.h
y.tab.o: config-top.h
builtins/evalstring.o: quit.h unwind_prot.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h jobs.h builtins.h
builtins/evalstring.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h
builtins/evalstring.o: jobs.h builtins.h flags.h input.h execute_cmd.h
-builtins/evalstring.o: bashhist.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: bashhist.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h pathnames.h
builtins/getopt.o: config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h
builtins/getopt.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h command.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h
builtins/getopt.o: variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
builtins/eval.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
builtins/eval.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
builtins/eval.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/eval.o: pathnames.h
builtins/exec.o: bashtypes.h pathnames.h
builtins/exec.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
builtins/exec.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
extern SHELL_VAR *bind_array_element __P((SHELL_VAR *, arrayind_t, char *, int));
extern SHELL_VAR *assign_array_element __P((char *, char *, int));
+extern SHELL_VAR *bind_assoc_variable __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, char *, char *, int));
+
extern SHELL_VAR *find_or_make_array_variable __P((char *, int));
extern SHELL_VAR *assign_array_from_string __P((char *, char *, int));
extern void set_bashopts __P((void));
extern void parse_bashopts __P((char *));
-extern void intialize_bashopts __P((int));
+extern void initialize_bashopts __P((int));
/* Functions from type.def */
extern int describe_command __P((char *, int));
static void shopt_error __P((char *));
-static int set_shellopts_after_change __P((int));
-
+static int set_shellopts_after_change __P((char *, int));
+static int shopt_enable_hostname_completion __P((char *, int));
static int set_compatibility_level __P((char *, int));
#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
#if defined (READLINE)
{ "histreedit", &history_reediting, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
{ "histverify", &hist_verify, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
- { "hostcomplete", &perform_hostname_completion, enable_hostname_completion },
+ { "hostcomplete", &perform_hostname_completion, shopt_enable_hostname_completion },
#endif
{ "huponexit", &hup_on_exit, (shopt_set_func_t *)NULL },
{ "interactive_comments", &interactive_comments, set_shellopts_after_change },
/* If we set or unset interactive_comments with shopt, make sure the
change is reflected in $SHELLOPTS. */
static int
-set_shellopts_after_change (mode)
+set_shellopts_after_change (option_name, mode)
+ char *option_name;
int mode;
{
set_shellopts ();
return (0);
}
+static int
+shopt_enable_hostname_completion (option_name, mode)
+ char *option_name;
+ int mode;
+{
+ return (enable_hostname_completion (mode));
+}
+
static int
set_compatibility_level (option_name, mode)
char *option_name;
/* Define if you want each line saved to the history list in bashhist.c:
bash_add_history() to be sent to syslog(). */
-#define SYSLOG_HISTORY
+/* #define SYSLOG_HISTORY */
#if defined (SYSLOG_HISTORY)
# define SYSLOG_FACILITY LOG_USER
# define SYSLOG_LEVEL LOG_INFO
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is non-zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= may be used in place of =\b==\b= for
- strict POSIX compliance.
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ command for POSIX conformance.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 !\b!=\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
True if the strings are not equal.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Any delimiter is
- ignored.
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
mand's =~ operator.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators and
+ the effect of interrupting a command list.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bRO\bOR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
- properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash-4.1 2009 October 16 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash-4.1 2009 December 23 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Fri Oct 16 12:24:25 EDT 2009
+.\" Last Change: Wed Dec 23 16:29:14 EST 2009
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2009 October 16" "GNU Bash-4.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2009 December 23" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
backspace
.TP
.B \ee
+.TP
+.B \eE
an escape character
.TP
.B \ef
.TP
.B \e\(aq
single quote
+.TP
+.B \e\(dq
+double quote
.TP
.B \e\fInnn\fP
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
is non-zero.
.TP
\fIstring1\fP \fB==\fP \fIstring2\fP
-True if the strings are equal. \fB=\fP may be used in place of
-\fB==\fP for strict POSIX compliance.
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fIstring1\fP \fB=\fP \fIstring2\fP
+.PD
+True if the strings are equal. \fB=\fP should be used
+with the \fBtest\fP command for POSIX conformance.
.TP
\fIstring1\fP \fB!=\fP \fIstring2\fP
True if the strings are not equal.
.B \-N \fInchars\fP
\fBread\fP returns after reading exactly \fInchars\fP characters rather
than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-\fBread\fP times out. Any delimiter is ignored.
+\fBread\fP times out.
+Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
+not treated specially and do not cause \fBread\fP to return until
+\fInchars\fP characters are read.
.TP
.B \-p \fIprompt\fP
Display \fIprompt\fP on standard error, without a
option.
This also affects the editing interface used for \fBread \-e\fP.
.TP 8
+.B errexit
+Same as
+.BR \-e .
+.TP 8
.B errtrace
Same as
.BR \-E .
Same as
.BR \-T .
.TP 8
-.B errexit
-Same as
-.BR \-e .
-.TP 8
.B hashall
Same as
.BR \-h .
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Fri Oct 9 12:07:53 EDT 2009
+.\" Last Change: Wed Dec 23 16:29:14 EST 2009
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2009 October 9" "GNU Bash-4.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2009 December 23" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
backspace
.TP
.B \ee
+.TP
+.B \eE
an escape character
.TP
.B \ef
.TP
.B \e\(aq
single quote
+.TP
+.B \e\(dq
+double quote
.TP
.B \e\fInnn\fP
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
.PP
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+When used with \fB[[\fP, The \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort
+lexicographically using the current locale.
.sp 1
.PD 0
.TP
is non-zero.
.TP
\fIstring1\fP \fB==\fP \fIstring2\fP
-True if the strings are equal. \fB=\fP may be used in place of
-\fB==\fP for strict POSIX compliance.
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fIstring1\fP \fB=\fP \fIstring2\fP
+.PD
+True if the strings are equal. \fB=\fP should be used
+with the \fBtest\fP command for POSIX conformance.
.TP
\fIstring1\fP \fB!=\fP \fIstring2\fP
True if the strings are not equal.
.TP
\fBreadarray\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
.PD
-Read lines from the standard input into array variable
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
.IR array ,
or from file descriptor
.IR fd
before assigning to it.
.PP
\fBmapfile\fP returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
-argument is supplied, or \fIarray\fP is invalid or unassignable.
+argument is supplied, \fIarray\fP is invalid or unassignable, or if
+\fIarray\fP is not an indexed array.
.RE
.TP
\fBpopd\fP [\-\fBn\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
.B \-N \fInchars\fP
\fBread\fP returns after reading exactly \fInchars\fP characters rather
than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-\fBread\fP times out. Any delimiter is ignored.
+\fBread\fP times out.
+Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
+not treated specially and do not cause \fBread\fP to return until
+\fInchars\fP characters are read.
.TP
.B \-p \fIprompt\fP
Display \fIprompt\fP on standard error, without a
changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator.
.TP 8
+.B compat32
+If set,
+.B bash
+changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators.
+.TP 8
+.B compat40
+If set,
+.B bash
+changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators
+and the effect of interrupting a command list.
+.TP 8
.B dirspell
If set,
.B bash
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 October 16<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 23<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
is non-zero.
<DT><I>string1</I> <B>==</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
-True if the strings are equal. <B>=</B> may be used in place of
-<B>==</B> for strict POSIX compliance.
+
+<DT><I>string1</I> <B>=</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
+
+True if the strings are equal. <B>=</B> should be used
+with the <B>test</B> command for POSIX conformance.
<DT><I>string1</I> <B>!=</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
True if the strings are not equal.
<DT><I>string1</I> <B><</B> <I>string2</I><DD>
<DD>
<B>read</B> returns after reading exactly <I>nchars</I> characters rather
than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-<B>read</B> times out. Any delimiter is ignored.
+<B>read</B> times out.
+Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
+not treated specially and do not cause <B>read</B> to return until
+<I>nchars</I> characters are read.
<DT><B>-p </B><I>prompt</I>
<DD>
changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator.
+<DT><B>compat32</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators.
+<DT><B>compat40</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the conditional command's < and > operators
+and the effect of interrupting a command list.
<DT><B>dirspell</B>
<DD>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 October 16<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2009 December 23<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 09 November 2009 14:08:09 EST
+Time: 23 December 2009 16:47:15 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
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2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652
-(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 609.6 R .653
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(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 621.6 Q F4
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1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004
(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005
(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 662.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43
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3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356
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-(return immediately with an e)108 120 Q
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(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15
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5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784
(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784
-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 201.6 R F1
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(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F3(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E
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4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8
-(To f)108 288 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7
-F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F .87
-(notion of a)108 300 R F3(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871
-(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871
+(To f)108 304.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
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(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
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(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E
-(INT)108 324 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346
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(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F3(for)3.847 E -.4(eg)
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-(group ID dif)108 336 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
+(group ID dif)108 352.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145
(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16
-(ground processes are allo)108 348 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66
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-(If the operating system on which)108 400.8 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
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(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087
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(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
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2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C
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-436.8 R(to)108 448.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
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(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894
-(background, the)108 460.8 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895
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(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z)
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(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
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(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1
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(in its command line.)2.587 F .087
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(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018
(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
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(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
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+(and the secondary prompt)108 189.6 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825
(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E
F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\
ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\
- are)108 184.8 R(decoded as follo)108 196.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
-208.8 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 220.8 Q F0
+ are)108 201.6 R(decoded as follo)108 213.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
+225.6 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 237.6 Q F0
(the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
-(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 232.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)
-A F1(})A F0(the)180 244.8 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)
+(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 249.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)
+A F1(})A F0(the)180 261.6 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)
3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427
(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
-256.8 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0
+273.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 268.8 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 280.8 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 292.8 Q F0
-(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 304.8 Q F0
+(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 285.6 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 297.6 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 309.6 Q F0
+(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 321.6 Q F0
(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144
-316.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
--2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 328.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
-(\\r)144 340.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 352.8 Q F0
+333.6 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
+-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 345.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
+(\\r)144 357.6 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 369.6 Q F0
(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0
(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144
-364.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)
-144 376.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1
-(\\@)144 388.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1
-(\\A)144 400.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1
-(\\u)144 412.8 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144
-424.8 Q F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 436.8 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)
+381.6 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)
+144 393.6 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1
+(\\@)144 405.6 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1
+(\\A)144 417.6 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1
+(\\u)144 429.6 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144
+441.6 Q F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 453.6 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)
2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G
-(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 448.8 Q F0 4.288(the current w)26 F
+(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 465.6 Q F0 4.288(the current w)26 F
4.288(orking directory)-.1 F 6.787(,w)-.65 G(ith)-6.787 E F1($HOME)6.787
E F0(abbre)6.787 E 4.287(viated with a tilde \(uses the)-.25 F F1($PR)
-180 460.8 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable\)).25 E F1
-(\\W)144 472.8 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E
+180 477.6 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable\)).25 E F1
+(\\W)144 489.6 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E
(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0
-(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 484.8 Q F0
-(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1(\\#)144 496.8 Q F0
-(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 508.8 Q F0
+(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 501.6 Q F0
+(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1(\\#)144 513.6 Q F0
+(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 525.6 Q F0
(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F1
-(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 520.8 Q F4(nnn)
+(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 537.6 Q F4(nnn)
A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4(nnn)2.5
-E F1(\\\\)144 532.8 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 544.8
+E F1(\\\\)144 549.6 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 561.6
Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \
could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
-(control sequence into the prompt)180 556.8 Q F1(\\])144 568.8 Q F0
+(control sequence into the prompt)180 573.6 Q F1(\\])144 585.6 Q F0
(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .12
-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 585.6 R
+(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 602.4 R
.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\
on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\
-story \214le \(see)108 597.6 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
-(belo)108 609.6 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
+story \214le \(see)108 614.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+(belo)108 626.4 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54
-(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 621.6 R
+(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 638.4 R
.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 633.6 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 650.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852
-F(description of the)108 645.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
+F(description of the)108 662.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E F2(READLINE)72 662.4 Q F0 .15
+-.25 E F2(READLINE)72 679.2 Q F0 .15
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 674.4 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 686.4 R
+108 691.2 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 703.2 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208
(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G
-3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 698.4 Q .949
+3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 715.2 Q .949
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F
3.45(Av)5.95 G .95(i-style line editing interf)-3.45 F .95(ace is also)
--.1 F -.2(av)108 710.4 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+-.1 F -.2(av)108 727.2 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 722.4 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
--.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
--3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
-(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E
-F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(33)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 23)135.965 E(33)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 34 34
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(emacs)108 84 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E
-F0(options to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
-(Readline Notation)87 100.8 Q F0 .568
-(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 112.8
+-.35 E(\(see)108 84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09
+E .762(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263
+(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
+(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(+o)3.263 E(emacs)108 96 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0
+(options to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2
+(Readline Notation)87 112.8 Q F0 .568
+(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 124.8
R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.067(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)3.067 G .567
-(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E
-F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 124.8 R(Similarly)
-6.152 E(,)-.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
-(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653
+(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E
+F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 136.8 R(Similarly)
+6.152 E(,)-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
+(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653
(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)
-108 136.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)
-3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F
-F2(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13
--.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65
-(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 148.8 R F2 .599
+108 148.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)
+3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F
+F3(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13
+-.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65
+(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 160.8 R F3 .599
(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599
-(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2(x)A F0 .599
-(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G
+(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3(x)A F0 .599
+(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G
.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F
-(the Control k)108 160.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F2
+(the Control k)108 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F3
(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62
-(Readline commands may be gi)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G
-(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619
+(Readline commands may be gi)108 189.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G
+(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619
(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108
-189.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G
+201.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G
3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 201.6 R 1.018
-(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 213.6 R 1.018
+(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018
-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 213.6 Q
+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 225.6 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 230.4 R F2
+-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 242.4 R F3
(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F2
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 242.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
-F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2
+(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3
+(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 254.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
+F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3
.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 254.4 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F
+-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 266.4 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F
.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.)
-108 266.4 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 283.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\
+108 278.4 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 295.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\
ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108
-295.2 R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091
-(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 307.2 R .196(en from the v)
--.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0
--.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196
-(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696
+307.2 R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091
+(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 319.2 R .196(en from the v)
+-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F1(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G
+2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196
+(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696
E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\
es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\
-nd the k)108 319.2 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25
-(va)108 331.2 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)
+nd the k)108 331.2 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25
+(va)108 343.2 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)
6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15
(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737
-(lines are ignored.)108 343.2 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
-(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737
-(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736
-(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 355.2 R
+(lines are ignored.)108 355.2 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
+(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737
+(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736
+(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 367.2 R
(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E
-(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 372 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15
-(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr)3.497 E
+(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 384 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15
+(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr)3.497 E
(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987
-(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 384 Q
-(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 400.8 S 2.5(re).15 G
-(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 417.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25
-G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 429.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144
-441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 453.6
-Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G
-(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2
+(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 396 Q
+(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 412.8 S 2.5(re).15 G
+(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25
+G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 441.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144
+453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 465.6
+Q F3(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G
+(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F3
(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)
-108 470.4 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F
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(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)
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(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the)
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F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383
(equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853
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-(In this e)108 160.8 R(xample,)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(C\255u)
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2.654 E F0 .314(is ag)3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F/F2
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72.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)
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84.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)
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(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 189.6 Q F2
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-E F2(\\n)144 338.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 350.4 Q F0
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-(\\v)144 374.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 386.4 Q
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+(\\v)144 386.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 398.4 Q
F1(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)
-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)
-144 398.4 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E
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(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046
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(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2
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R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
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(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)
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--.25 F(ti)108 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F
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(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468
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-(If set to)144 667.2 R F2(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
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(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
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--.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 703.2 R
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3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 722.4 R F1(emacs\255standar)3.235 E
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(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E
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(Insert a tab character)144 700.8 Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
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(return the line to its initial state.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
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(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
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(By def)108 722.4 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
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(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F
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(cmdhist)108 722.4 Q F0 .75
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-.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F
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F4(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0
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(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
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2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 690 R
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(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 686.4 Q F2(function)
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F(grammable completion f)144 729.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)
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(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
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.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 720 R 1.238
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(enabled. If)144 727.2 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379
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708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
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698.4 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307
(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306
(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 710.4 Q
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(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 696 Q -.15
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(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.289
(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 4.789
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1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
(Options, if supplied, ha)144 696 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
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<ad4e>144 240 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 252 S(ad)
.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769
E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 264 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G
-(ad).18 E F0(times out.)2.5 E(An)5 E 2.5(yd)-.15 G(elimiter is ignored.)
--2.5 E F1<ad70>144 276 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 288 Q F2
-(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G
-1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
-(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 300 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
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-<ad72>144 312 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
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25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
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(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 336 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
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(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 348 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 360 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 G
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(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048
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-180 372 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997
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(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 384 R .576(This option is only ef)
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5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142
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(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E
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(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114
-(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 420 Q
+(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 444 Q
(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15
-E F1<ad75>144 432 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
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+E F1<ad75>144 456 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
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(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 460.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 484.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
-(128\), or an in)144 472.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(128\), or an in)144 496.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 489.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
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(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
-F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2
+F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2
(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 513.6 R
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 537.6 R
1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 525.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 549.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
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--.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 537.6 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037
+-.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 561.6 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037
(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081
-(of all readonly names is printed.)144 5
49.6 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581
+(of all readonly names is printed.)144 5
73.6 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581
E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581
-F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 561.6 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176
+F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 585.6 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 573.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 597.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C
1.206(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205
(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.065 E F0 1.205
-(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 585.6 S(lid shell v).25 E
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(ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2
-(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 602.4 S
+(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 626.4 S
(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586
-(Causes a function to e)144 614.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
+(Causes a function to e)144 638.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587
E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
-(that of the last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
+(that of the last command e)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G
1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)
-144 638.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
+144 662.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795
-(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 650.4 R F2(n)3.106
+(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.106
E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245
-(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 662.4 R .082
+(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 686.4 R .082
(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082
(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082
-(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 674.4 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F
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4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN)
4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e)
.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.)
-144 686.4 Q F1(set)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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-(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
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-96 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)
--.25 F .836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
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+(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5
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+(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 108 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F
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+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R
3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783(riables cannot be)
-.25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 120 R F2 .447(posix mode)2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C
+.25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 132 R F2 .447(posix mode)2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C
.447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
-(locale. When)144 132 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531
+(locale. When)144 144 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531
(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)-.2 F
3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623
-(after option processing are treated as v)144 144 R 1.624
+(after option processing are treated as v)144 156 R 1.624
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
-144 156 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1
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-(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 168 Q F0
+(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 180 Q F0
.54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F
-.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 180 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
--.4 E F1<ad62>144 192 Q F0 .131
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(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F
2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 204 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
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(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511
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(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399
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-(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .57(immediately follo)184 264 R
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.57(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(until)3.07 E F0 -.1
(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .569
(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(elif)3.069 E F0(reserv)
-184 276 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G
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.544(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044
E F0(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544
-(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 288 Q 1.231(wing the \214nal)-.25 F
+(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 300 Q 1.231(wing the \214nal)-.25 F
F1(&&)3.731 E F0(or)3.731 E F4<efef>3.731 E F0 3.731(,a)C 1.531 -.15
(ny c)-3.731 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.23
-(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 300 Q 3.19(sr)-.55 G .69
+(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 312 Q 3.19(sr)-.55 G .69
(eturn v)-3.19 F .69(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .69
(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR)
3.191 E F0 3.191(,i)C 3.191(fs)-3.191 G .691(et, is e)-3.191 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .691(cuted before).15 F .687(the shell e)184 312 R 3.186
+-.15 G .691(cuted before).15 F .687(the shell e)184 324 R 3.186
(xits. This)-.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .658
-(ment separately \(see)184 324 R F1 .659(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)3.159 F
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-(cause subshells to e)184 336 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1<ad66>144 348 Q F0
-(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad68>144 360 Q F0 2.239
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(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238
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-<ad6b>144 384 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514
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(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 396 Q F1
-<ad6d>144 408 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149
+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 408 Q F1
+<ad6d>144 420 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149
(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F
.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 420 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F
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(processes run in a)3.136 F .642
-(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 432 R .641
-(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 444 Q F1
-<ad6e>144 456 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F
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+(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 456 Q F1
+<ad6e>144 468 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653
(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184
-468 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1<ad6f>144 480 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 492 Q F2
+480 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
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(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1
-(allexport)184 5
04 Q F0(Same as)224 516 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(braceexpand)184 5
28 Q F0(Same as)224 540 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(emacs)184 552 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)
+(allexport)184 5
16 Q F0(Same as)224 528 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(braceexpand)184 5
40 Q F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(emacs)184 564 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)
13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E
-.95(when the shell is interacti)224 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G
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588 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>
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00 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(err)184 6
24 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(hashall)184 6
36 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(histexpand)184 6
48 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history)184 672 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G
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600 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>
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12 Q F0(Same as)224 624 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(err)184 6
36 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1(hashall)184 6
48 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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60 Q F0(Same as)224 672 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(history)184 684 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G
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-(The ef)224 708 R 1.656(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F6 10
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--.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 720 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0
-(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
-(2009 October 16)140.405 E(61)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
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-(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 108 Q F0(Same as)
-5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 120 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224
-132 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 144 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1
-<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 156 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 168 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184
-180 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 192 Q F0
-(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 204 Q F0(Same as)6.67
-E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 216 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E
-F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 228 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)
-7.77 F 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
-(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 240 R
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+(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 120 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)
+224 132 Q F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 144 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1
+<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 156 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 168 Q F1
+<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 180 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 192 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(nolog)184 204 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 216 Q F0
+(Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 228 Q F0(Same as)6.66
+E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 240 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 252 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 264 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029
+(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
+(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 276 R
1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
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-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 264 Q F0
+-.15 F -.15(ex)224 288 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
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2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
-(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 276 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 288 Q(vileged)
--.1 E F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 312 S
-(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 324 Q F0
+(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 312 Q
+/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 324 Q(vileged)
+-.1 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 348 S
+(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 360 Q F0
1.465(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.966
(ace. This)-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F
-(interf)224 336 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0
-(.)A F1(xtrace)184 3
48 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184
-366 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2
+(interf)224 372 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0
+(.)A F1(xtrace)184 3
84 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184
+402 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F3
(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184
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+414 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F3(option\255name)3.571 E F0
3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072
(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
390 Q F1<ad70>
-144 402 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1
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426 Q F1<ad70>
+144 438 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.822 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
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-(viron-)-.4 E .853(ment, are ignored.)184 438 R .854
+(viron-)-.4 E .853(ment, are ignored.)184 474 R .854
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.853 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.154 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .854(ser \(group\) id not equal to).15 F .043
-(the real user \(group\) id, and the)184 4
50 R F1<ad70>2.543 E F0 .043
+(the real user \(group\) id, and the)184 4
86 R F1<ad70>2.543 E F0 .043
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.543 F .043(en and the)
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+3.867 E F0 1.367(option is supplied at startup, the)3.867 F(ef)184 510 Q
(fecti)-.25 E .709 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .409(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45
(Tu)5.409 G .409(rning this option of).45 F 2.909(fc)-.25 G .408
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+E .746(able or parameter)184 570 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
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-546 Q F1<ad76>144 558 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
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-(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
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-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
-(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)
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+(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0(follo)
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(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 606 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
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(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821
-(that change the current w)184 96 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
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20 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-132 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
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44 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
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F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
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(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
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-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 297.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
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+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 333.6 Q F1($#)2.583
E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
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398.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
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422.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
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--.25 E F1<ad73>144 422.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 434.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
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put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
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(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128
-(If either)144
499.2 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0
+(If either)144
523.2 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0
.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023
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(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0
-1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 523.2 Q(ault.)
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-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-540 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
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4.044 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
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--.25 F(option.)144 564 Q(The list of)144 580.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 598.8 Q F0 .2
+144 576 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
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(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 610.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 622.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 634.8 R .155
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(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 646.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 658.8 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 670.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
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(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 682.8 R 4.352 -.65
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(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 694.8 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 706.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)
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-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
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-(checkwinsize)144 144 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0
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(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G .797
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(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-192 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 204 Q
-F0 .419(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919
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F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)
--.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 228 Q 2.5(s=)-.55
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(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F
-(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 264 Q 2.5
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-(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F
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+(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F
1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.693
-(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 300 R 4.192
-(s<a)-.55 G 1.692(nd > operators and the)-4.192 F(ef)184 312 Q
-(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(dirspell)144 324 Q F0
+(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 336 R 4.192
+(s<a)-.55 G 1.692(nd > operators and the)-4.192 F(ef)184 348 Q
+(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(dirspell)144 360 Q F0
.858(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 336 Q(xist.)-.15 E
-F1(dotglob)144 348 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 372 Q(xist.)-.15 E
+F1(dotglob)144 384 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)
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(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501
-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 156 Q F1(sour)
-144 168 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 180 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce)
+(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 204 Q F1(sour)
+144 216 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 228 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce)
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-(\214le supplied as an ar)184 192 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
-(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 204 Q F0
-(If set, the)184 216 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
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+(If set, the)184 264 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)
-108 228 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 240 R -.15
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(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001
-(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144
252 R F1<ad66>
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300 R F1<ad66>
2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022
(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is)
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-288 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15
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(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15
(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G
(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187
-(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 300 R 3.688
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(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F
-1.89(described abo)144 312 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
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F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889
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+(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 372 Q
(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
-E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 342 R .786
+E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 390 R .786
(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5
-(dence. The)144 354 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
+(dence. The)144 402 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
(luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65
-(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 366 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G
+(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 414 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G
(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()
-144 378 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
+144 426 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26
(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 390 Q F3 -.2(ex)
-144 4
02 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 414 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
--.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 426 S(pr1).2 E
-F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 438 S
+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 438 Q F3 -.2(ex)
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50 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
+(Tr)180 462 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
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(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G
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F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
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-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 508.8 Q
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(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 520.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
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+E 2.5(2a)144 568.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
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F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 544.8 R .38
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 592.8 R .38
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 556.8 Q .552
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 604.8 Q .552
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 568.8 Q
+(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 616.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 580.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 592.8 R .023
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+(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 640.8 R .023
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
-.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 604.8 Q
+.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 652.8 Q
1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
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-F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 652.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F
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(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875
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(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
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--.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 676.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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-F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and \
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+(abo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 172.8 Q F0 1.229(Pri\
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+(trap)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10
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(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G
(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2
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177.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
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225.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.659(\(the v)144 189.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
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-144.34 201.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
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3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
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F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
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25.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
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73.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
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37.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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85.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E
-(names are case insensiti)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.649(If a)144 279.6 R F2
+(names are case insensiti)144 309.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.649(If a)144 327.6 R F2
(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)4.149 E F0
1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)
4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)
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F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167
(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command)
3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0
-(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 303.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)
+(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 351.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)
2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146
(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
-(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 315.6 R F3 .145
+(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 363.6 R F3 .145
(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 327.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201
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G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E
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1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
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(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
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/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.629
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(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C
(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E
(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-435.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 447.6 R .662
+483.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
+(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 495.6 R .662
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 459.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
+-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 507.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108
-476.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 488.4 S .174
+524.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 536.4 S .174
(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)
3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F1<ad74>144 500.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
+F1<ad74>144 548.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2
-(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 512.4 Q F0 .087
+(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 560.4 Q F0 .087
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 524.4 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 572.4 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 536.4 R .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 584.4 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
-548.4 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
+596.4 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1
<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 560.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
+-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 608.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613
F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>
-2.612 E F0(and)144
572.4 Q F1<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)
+2.612 E F0(and)144
620.4 Q F1<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)
2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)
-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1
-<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 584.4 R F1(type)2.765
+<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 632.4 R F1(type)2.765
E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the)
-144
596.4 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+144
644.4 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
.427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549
-(consulted when using)144 6
08.4 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)
+(consulted when using)144 6
56.4 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)
-5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0 .548
(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1
-(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 620.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
+(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 668.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 637.2
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 685.2
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 649.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 697.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 661.2 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+.944(that allo)144 709.2 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 673.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 721.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 685.2 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+ft limit may)2.708 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 December 23)135.965 E
+(67)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 68 68
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E .426(be increased up to the v)144 84 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad48>2.925 E F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-697.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+96 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 709.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
+.742(of the special v)144 108 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 721.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(67)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 68 68
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999
-(n. When).15 F .498(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 96 Q 2.5(alue. Other)
--.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 108
-Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 120 Q F0
+F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 132 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499
+(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
+(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 144 Q 2.5(alue. Other)
+-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 156
+Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 168 Q F0
(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>
-144 1
32 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>
-144 144 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G
-(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 156 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 168 Q F0
+144 1
80 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>
+144 192 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G
+(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 204 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 216 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
-E F1<ad69>144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
-<ad6c>144 192 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 204 Q F0
+E F1<ad69>144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
+<ad6c>144 240 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 252 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 216 Q F0 .791(The \
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 264 Q F0 .791(The \
maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 228 Q F1<ad70>144 240 Q F0
+(be set\))180 276 Q F1<ad70>144 288 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-24.74 E F1<ad72>144 264 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
-25.86 E F1<ad73>144
276 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
-
288 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
-300 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 312 Q F0
+<ad71>144 300 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 312 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144
324 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+
336 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+348 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 360 Q F0
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 324 Q F0
-(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 336 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 352.8 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
-(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
-144 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
-(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 372 Q F0
+(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 384 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 400.8 Q F2(limit)2.933 E
+F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843
+(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>
+2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F
+.175(option is gi)144 412.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 376.8
+<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 424.8
Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 388.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+3.787(ues. The)144 436.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-400.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+448.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 465.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 429.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 477.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 441.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-453.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 489.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+501.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 465.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 513.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 477.6 Q F0 .552
+(mode)144.38 525.6 Q F0 .552
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 489.6 Q
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 537.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 506.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 518.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 554.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 566.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 578.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 547.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 559.2 S 3.107
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 595.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 607.2 S 3.107
(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 571.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 619.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 583.2 Q F0 .46
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 631.2 Q F0 .46
(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 595.2 R .902
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 643.2 R .902
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.903 E(an)144 607.2 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 655.2 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
(LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME)
-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST)
4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144
-619.2 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F
+667.2 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya)
-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329
-(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 631.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 648 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
-(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 660 S .288
+(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 679.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
+(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
+(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 708 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 720 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
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Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 16 October 2009).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 23 December 2009).
</P><P>
-This is Edition 4.1, last updated 16 October 2009,
+This is Edition 4.1, last updated 23 December 2009,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.1.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>-N <VAR>nchars</VAR></CODE>
<DD><CODE>read</CODE> returns after reading exactly <VAR>nchars</VAR> characters rather
than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-<CODE>read</CODE> times out. Any delimiter is ignored.
+<CODE>read</CODE> times out.
+Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
+not treated specially and do not cause <CODE>read</CODE> to return until
+<VAR>nchars</VAR> characters are read.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-p <VAR>prompt</VAR></CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> == <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
+<DD><DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> = <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if the strings are equal.
-<SAMP>`='</SAMP> may be used in place of <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> for strict POSIX compliance.
+<SAMP>`='</SAMP> should be used with the <CODE>test</CODE> command for POSIX conformance.
<P>
<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> != <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>November, 9 2009</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 23 2009</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>November, 9 2009</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 23 2009</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 16 October 2009).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 23 December 2009).
- This is Edition 4.1, last updated 16 October 2009, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.1, last updated 23 December 2009, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1.
Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 16 October 2009).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 23 December 2009).
- This is Edition 4.1, last updated 16 October 2009, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.1, last updated 23 December 2009, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
`-N NCHARS'
`read' returns after reading exactly NCHARS characters rather
than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is
- encountered or `read' times out. Any delimiter is ignored.
+ encountered or `read' times out. Delimiter characters
+ encountered in the input are not treated specially and do not
+ cause `read' to return until NCHARS characters are read.
`-p PROMPT'
Display PROMPT, without a trailing newline, before attempting
True if the length of STRING is non-zero.
`STRING1 == STRING2'
- True if the strings are equal. `=' may be used in place of `=='
- for strict POSIX compliance.
+`STRING1 = STRING2'
+ True if the strings are equal. `=' should be used with the `test'
+ command for POSIX conformance.
`STRING1 != STRING2'
True if the strings are not equal.
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 163)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 413)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 491)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 493)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 172)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 201)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 499)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 501)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 281)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 286)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 503)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 534)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 540)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 505)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 536)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 542)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 332)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 628)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 630)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 349)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
\1f
Tag Table:
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-Node: Introduction\7f3181
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3409
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4522
-Node: Definitions\7f7062
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9980
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-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f341234
-Node: Installation Names\7f342898
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f343716
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-Node: Optional Features\7f346063
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f355622
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f356823
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f373510
-Node: Indexes\7f398706
-Node: Builtin Index\7f399160
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f405987
-Node: Variable Index\7f408435
-Node: Function Index\7f420528
-Node: Concept Index\7f427537
+Node: Top\7f1346
+Node: Introduction\7f3185
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3413
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4526
+Node: Definitions\7f7066
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9984
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f11203
+Node: Shell Operation\7f12233
+Node: Quoting\7f13527
+Node: Escape Character\7f14830
+Node: Single Quotes\7f15315
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15663
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16788
+Node: Locale Translation\7f17744
+Node: Comments\7f18640
+Node: Shell Commands\7f19258
+Node: Simple Commands\7f20082
+Node: Pipelines\7f20713
+Node: Lists\7f22969
+Node: Compound Commands\7f24698
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f25502
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27957
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+Node: Shell Functions\7f39193
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f43747
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f46163
+Node: Special Parameters\7f47063
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f50027
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f51952
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f54707
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+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f67292
+Node: Process Substitution\7f68142
+Node: Word Splitting\7f69192
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f70815
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f72954
+Node: Quote Removal\7f76593
+Node: Redirections\7f76888
+Node: Executing Commands\7f85413
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f86083
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f88013
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f90350
+Node: Environment\7f93336
+Node: Exit Status\7f94996
+Node: Signals\7f96617
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f98585
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f101103
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f103131
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f120507
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f145332
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f145677
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f155201
+Node: Special Builtins\7f166063
+Node: Shell Variables\7f167042
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f167482
+Node: Bash Variables\7f169463
+Node: Bash Features\7f192949
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f193832
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f199641
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f204653
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f205063
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f205712
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f206527
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f209807
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f213456
+Node: Aliases\7f216202
+Node: Arrays\7f218774
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f222732
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f223446
+Node: Printing a Prompt\7f226338
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+Node: Job Control Basics\7f239439
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f244156
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f248520
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f249678
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f251245
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f252867
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f254058
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f255847
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+Node: Readline Arguments\7f258732
+Node: Searching\7f259776
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+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f263109
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f277596
+Node: Sample Init File\7f280129
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f283246
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+Node: Commands For History\7f285597
+Node: Commands For Text\7f288752
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f291425
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f293876
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f295015
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f298975
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f299546
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f305352
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f306266
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f313472
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f322608
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f323292
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f326206
+Node: History Interaction\7f330063
+Node: Event Designators\7f332768
+Node: Word Designators\7f333783
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+Node: Installing Bash\7f336826
+Node: Basic Installation\7f337963
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f340655
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f341396
+Node: Installation Names\7f343060
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f343878
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f344594
+Node: Operation Controls\7f345267
+Node: Optional Features\7f346225
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f355784
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f356985
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f373672
+Node: Indexes\7f398868
+Node: Builtin Index\7f399322
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f406149
+Node: Variable Index\7f408597
+Node: Function Index\7f420690
+Node: Concept Index\7f427699
\1f
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[56] [57] [58] Chapter 5 [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68]
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b(A)36 b(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36 b(need)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(its)g
-(in)m(teger)g(attribute)150 2053 y(turned)29 b(on)h(to)i(b)s(e)d(used)h
-(in)g(an)g(expression.)275 2193 y(Constan)m(ts)41 b(with)g(a)h(leading)
+(in)m(teger)g(attribute)150 2128 y(turned)29 b(on)h(to)i(b)s(e)d(used)h
+(in)g(an)g(expression.)275 2256 y(Constan)m(ts)41 b(with)g(a)h(leading)
f(0)h(are)g(in)m(terpreted)f(as)g(o)s(ctal)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)72
b(A)41 b(leading)h(`)p Fs(0x)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(0X)p
-Ft(')150 2302 y(denotes)31 b(hexadecimal.)43 b(Otherwise,)31
+Ft(')150 2366 y(denotes)31 b(hexadecimal.)43 b(Otherwise,)31
b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(tak)m(e)k(the)e(form)f([)p Fq(base)5
b Fs(#)p Ft(])p Fq(n)p Ft(,)31 b(where)f Fq(base)36 b
-Ft(is)31 b(a)g(decimal)150 2412 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)26
+Ft(is)31 b(a)g(decimal)150 2476 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)26
b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(2)f(and)g(64)h(represen)m(ting)g(the)f(arithmetic)
h(base,)h(and)d Fq(n)h Ft(is)g(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(in)h(that)h(base.)
-150 2521 y(If)39 b Fq(base)5 b Fs(#)40 b Ft(is)g(omitted,)j(then)d
+150 2585 y(If)39 b Fq(base)5 b Fs(#)40 b Ft(is)g(omitted,)j(then)d
(base)g(10)g(is)g(used.)68 b(The)39 b(digits)i(greater)g(than)e(9)h
-(are)g(represen)m(ted)g(b)m(y)150 2631 y(the)34 b(lo)m(w)m(ercase)h
+(are)g(represen)m(ted)g(b)m(y)150 2695 y(the)34 b(lo)m(w)m(ercase)h
(letters,)h(the)d(upp)s(ercase)g(letters,)i(`)p Fs(@)p
Ft(',)g(and)e(`)p Fs(_)p Ft(',)h(in)f(that)h(order.)50
-b(If)32 b Fq(base)39 b Ft(is)34 b(less)f(than)150 2741
+b(If)32 b Fq(base)39 b Ft(is)34 b(less)f(than)150 2804
y(or)i(equal)g(to)g(36,)i(lo)m(w)m(ercase)g(and)e(upp)s(ercase)e
(letters)j(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(used)g(in)m(terc)m(hangeably)i(to)g
-(represen)m(t)150 2850 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)29 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(10)g
-(and)f(35.)275 2989 y(Op)s(erators)44 b(are)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)46
+(represen)m(t)150 2914 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)29 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(10)g
+(and)f(35.)275 3042 y(Op)s(erators)44 b(are)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)46
b(in)f(order)f(of)h(precedence.)85 b(Sub-expressions)44
-b(in)g(paren)m(theses)i(are)150 3099 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32
+b(in)g(paren)m(theses)i(are)150 3152 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32
b(\014rst)d(and)h(ma)m(y)h(o)m(v)m(erride)g(the)g(precedence)g(rules)f
-(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)150 3338 y Fr(6.6)68 b(Aliases)150 3498
+(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)150 3371 y Fr(6.6)68 b(Aliases)150 3531
y Fq(Aliases)41 b Ft(allo)m(w)d(a)f(string)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(substituted)g
(for)g(a)g(w)m(ord)g(when)g(it)h(is)f(used)f(as)i(the)g(\014rst)e(w)m
-(ord)h(of)h(a)150 3607 y(simple)32 b(command.)45 b(The)31
+(ord)h(of)h(a)150 3640 y(simple)32 b(command.)45 b(The)31
b(shell)i(main)m(tains)f(a)h(list)f(of)g(aliases)i(that)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s
-(e)e(set)h(and)g(unset)f(with)h(the)150 3717 y Fs(alias)d
-Ft(and)h Fs(unalias)e Ft(builtin)i(commands.)275 3856
+(e)e(set)h(and)g(unset)f(with)h(the)150 3750 y Fs(alias)d
+Ft(and)h Fs(unalias)e Ft(builtin)i(commands.)275 3878
y(The)f(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)i(of)f(eac)m(h)i(simple)f(command,)g(if)f
(unquoted,)g(is)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)h(to)g(see)f(if)g(it)g(has)f(an)g
-(alias.)150 3966 y(If)24 b(so,)i(that)g(w)m(ord)e(is)h(replaced)g(b)m
+(alias.)150 3988 y(If)24 b(so,)i(that)g(w)m(ord)e(is)h(replaced)g(b)m
(y)f(the)h(text)h(of)e(the)h(alias.)40 b(The)24 b(c)m(haracters)i(`)p
Fs(/)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs($)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(`)p Ft(',)g(`)p
-Fs(=)p Ft(')f(and)f(an)m(y)h(of)150 4075 y(the)e(shell)g(metac)m
+Fs(=)p Ft(')f(and)f(an)m(y)h(of)150 4097 y(the)e(shell)g(metac)m
(haracters)i(or)e(quoting)g(c)m(haracters)h(listed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g
(ma)m(y)f(not)g(app)s(ear)f(in)h(an)g(alias)h(name.)150
-4185 y(The)e(replacemen)m(t)h(text)g(ma)m(y)g(con)m(tain)h(an)m(y)e(v)
+4207 y(The)e(replacemen)m(t)h(text)g(ma)m(y)g(con)m(tain)h(an)m(y)e(v)
-5 b(alid)23 b(shell)f(input,)h(including)f(shell)g(metac)m(haracters.)
-40 b(The)150 4295 y(\014rst)35 b(w)m(ord)g(of)h(the)g(replacemen)m(t)i
+40 b(The)150 4317 y(\014rst)35 b(w)m(ord)g(of)h(the)g(replacemen)m(t)i
(text)e(is)g(tested)h(for)e(aliases,)k(but)c(a)h(w)m(ord)g(that)g(is)g
-(iden)m(tical)i(to)e(an)150 4404 y(alias)c(b)s(eing)f(expanded)f(is)h
+(iden)m(tical)i(to)e(an)150 4426 y(alias)c(b)s(eing)f(expanded)f(is)h
(not)g(expanded)f(a)h(second)g(time.)43 b(This)30 b(means)h(that)g(one)
-g(ma)m(y)h(alias)g Fs(ls)e Ft(to)150 4514 y Fs("ls)f(-F")p
+g(ma)m(y)h(alias)g Fs(ls)e Ft(to)150 4536 y Fs("ls)f(-F")p
Ft(,)36 b(for)f(instance,)i(and)d(Bash)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(try)g(to)g
(recursiv)m(ely)h(expand)e(the)h(replacemen)m(t)i(text.)150
-4623 y(If)31 b(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)g(of)f(the)g(alias)h(v)-5
+4645 y(If)31 b(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)g(of)f(the)g(alias)h(v)-5
b(alue)32 b(is)g(a)g(space)g(or)g(tab)g(c)m(haracter,)i(then)d(the)h
-(next)g(command)150 4733 y(w)m(ord)e(follo)m(wing)i(the)e(alias)i(is)e
+(next)g(command)150 4755 y(w)m(ord)e(follo)m(wing)i(the)e(alias)i(is)e
(also)i(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)g(for)e(alias)i(expansion.)275
-4872 y(Aliases)d(are)f(created)i(and)d(listed)i(with)f(the)g
+4883 y(Aliases)d(are)f(created)i(and)d(listed)i(with)f(the)g
Fs(alias)f Ft(command,)h(and)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(with)f(the)g
-Fs(unalias)150 4982 y Ft(command.)275 5121 y(There)44
+Fs(unalias)150 4993 y Ft(command.)275 5121 y(There)44
b(is)h(no)g(mec)m(hanism)g(for)f(using)h(argumen)m(ts)g(in)f(the)h
(replacemen)m(t)i(text,)i(as)d(in)e Fs(csh)p Ft(.)83
b(If)150 5230 y(argumen)m(ts)37 b(are)h(needed,)g(a)g(shell)f(function)
b Fb(41)2025 590 y Fe(unalias)15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)41
-b Fb(50)2025 677 y Fe(unset)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
+b Fb(51)2025 677 y Fe(unset)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)46
b Fb(41)2025 910 y Fr(W)2025 1026 y Fe(wait)23 b Fc(:)13
@item \b
backspace
@item \e
+@itemx \E
an escape character (not ANSI C)
@item \f
form feed
backslash
@item \'
single quote
+@item \"
+double quote
@item \@var{nnn}
the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
(one to three digits)
@item -N @var{nchars}
@code{read} returns after reading exactly @var{nchars} characters rather
than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-@code{read} times out. Any delimiter is ignored.
+@code{read} times out.
+Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
+not treated specially and do not cause @code{read} to return until
+@var{nchars} characters are read.
@item -p @var{prompt}
Display @var{prompt}, without a trailing newline, before attempting
True if the length of @var{string} is non-zero.
@item @var{string1} == @var{string2}
+@itemx @var{string1} = @var{string2}
True if the strings are equal.
-@samp{=} may be used in place of @samp{==} for strict @sc{posix} compliance.
+@samp{=} should be used with the @code{test} command for @sc{posix} conformance.
@item @var{string1} != @var{string2}
True if the strings are not equal.
mapfile [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [
-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
@end example
-Read lines from the standard input into array variable @var{array},
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array},
or from file descriptor @var{fd}
if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
The variable @code{MAPFILE} is the default @var{array}.
before assigning to it.
@code{mapfile} returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
-argument is supplied, or @var{array} is invalid or unassignable.
+argument is supplied, @var{array} is invalid or unassignable, or @var{array}
+is not an indexed array.
@item printf
@btindex printf
@item -N @var{nchars}
@code{read} returns after reading exactly @var{nchars} characters rather
than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
-@code{read} times out. Any delimiter is ignored.
+@code{read} times out.
+Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
+not treated specially and do not cause @code{read} to return until
+@var{nchars} characters are read.
@item -p @var{prompt}
Display @var{prompt}, without a trailing newline, before attempting
readarray [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [
-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
@end example
-Read lines from the standard input into array variable @var{array},
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array},
or from file descriptor @var{fd}
if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
@file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file
descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+When used with @samp{[[}, The @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort
+lexicographically using the current locale.
+
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
True if the length of @var{string} is non-zero.
@item @var{string1} == @var{string2}
+@itemx @var{string1} = @var{string2}
True if the strings are equal.
-@samp{=} may be used in place of @samp{==} for strict @sc{posix} compliance.
+@samp{=} should be used with the @code{test} command for @sc{posix} conformance.
@item @var{string1} != @var{string2}
True if the strings are not equal.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Any delimiter is
- ignored.
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
mand's =~ operator.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators and
+ the effect of interrupting a command list.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bRO\bOR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
- properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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+%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 23 16:47:11 2009
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%%+ font Times-Italic
<ad4e>144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S
(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5
-G(ad).18 E F0(times out.)2.5 E(An)5 E 2.5(yd)-.15 G
-(elimiter is ignored.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 513.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E
-F0(Display)180 525.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 537.6 Q
-2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re)
+2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
+(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6
+R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
+3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 525.6 Q F1<ad70>
+144 537.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 549.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E
+(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
+(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
+-.25 F(an)180 561.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 549.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 561.6 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 585.6 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 573.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 597.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 585.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 597.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
+<ad74>144 609.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 621.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 609.6 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+180 633.6 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 621.6 R .576(This option is only ef)
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 645.6 R .576(This option is only ef)
5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 633.6 R .142
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 657.6 R .142
(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
-F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 645.6 S(ad).18 E
+F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 669.6 S(ad).18 E
F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113
(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113
-(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 657.6 Q
+(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 681.6 Q
(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15
-E F1<ad75>144 669.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
-14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 686.4 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
+E F1<ad75>144 693.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
+14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 710.4 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)
-.25 E F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192
(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 698.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 722.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F
-(128\), or an in)144 710.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)
-198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 13 13
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aA)A
-(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2
-(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25
-G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)
--.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 108 R
-1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 120 Q 3.334(ed. The)-.1
-F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E
+(128\), or an in)144 84 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E/F1
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 100.8 S(adonly).18 E
+F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77
+(The gi)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77
+(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F
+F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097
+(quent assignment.)144 124.8 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0
+1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 136.8 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 132 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038
+-.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 148.8 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038
(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08
-(of all readonly names is printed.)144 1
44 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E
+(of all readonly names is printed.)144 1
60.8 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E
F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F
-1.177(be reused as input.)144 156 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176
+1.177(be reused as input.)144 172.8 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 168 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C 1.205
-(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 184.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C
+1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206
(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206
-(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 180 S(lid shell v).25 E(ariable name, or)
--.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 196.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587(Causes a function to e)144 208.8 R .587
-(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087
-E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586
-(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
-(that of the last command e)144 220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
+(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 196.8 S(lid shell v).25 E
+(ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2
+(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 213.6 S
+(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587
+(Causes a function to e)144 225.6 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
+.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587
+E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
+(that of the last command e)144 237.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G
1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)
-144 232.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
+144 249.6 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794
-(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.105
+(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 261.6 R F2(n)3.105
E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246
-(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 256.8 R .082
+(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 273.6 R .082
(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082
(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081
-(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 268.8 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F
+(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 285.6 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F
4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN)
4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e)
.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.)
-144 280.8 Q F1(set)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+144 297.6 Q F1(set)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5
-E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 309.6 Q F0
+E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 326.4 Q F0
([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 321.6 S
+2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 338.4 S
.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 333.6
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 350.4
R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 345.6 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 362.4 R F2 .447(posix mode)
2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53
-(locale. When)144 357.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
+(locale. When)144 374.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F
-1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 369.6 R 1.623
+1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 386.4 R 1.623
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
-144 381.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
+144 398.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 393.6 Q
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 410.4 Q
F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54
-(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 405.6 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
--.4 E F1<ad62>144 417.6 Q F0 .132
+(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 422.4 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
+-.4 E F1<ad62>144 434.4 Q F0 .132
(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F
2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 429.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 441.6 Q F0 .51
+(primary prompt.)184 446.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
+-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 458.4 Q F0 .51
(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.01 E F0 .511
(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .511(simple command)3.011 F
-F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 453.6 Q F0 .872
+F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 470.4 Q F0 .872
(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399
-(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 465.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 482.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
.399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G
-.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 477.6 R 1.468
+.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 494.4 R 1.468
(shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468
-(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 489.6
+(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 506.4
R .569(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(until)3.069 E F0
-.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57
(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184
-501.6 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G
+518.4 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G
.544(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044
E F0(or)3.044 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544
-(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 513.6 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F
+(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 530.4 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F
F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F4<efef>3.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c)
-3.73 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.231
-(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 525.6 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G
+(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 542.4 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G
.691(eturn v)-3.191 F .691(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .691
(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR)
3.19 E F0 3.19(,i)C 3.19(fs)-3.19 G .69(et, is e)-3.19 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 537.6 R 3.186(xits. This)
+.69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 554.4 R 3.186(xits. This)
-.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686
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92 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)
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48 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E
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72 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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384 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184
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20 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5
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32 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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72 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E
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96 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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408 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184
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44 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5
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56 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
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(ve u)-.25 H .853(ser \(group\) id not equal to).15 F .043
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678 R F1<ad70>2.543 E F0 .043
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702 R F1<ad70>2.543 E F0 .043
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--.1 F(ef)184 690 Q(fecti)-.25 E 1.667 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.367
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(Tu)5.409 G .409(rning this option of).45 F 2.909(fc)-.25 G .409
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(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
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-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1
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(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 312 Q F0 1.164
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 312 Q -.15
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(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
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(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.685
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 348 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 3
48 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184 3
60 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+372 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 396 Q
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 396 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 408 Q
F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q F2
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 420 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-420 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
+432 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
-1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 432 R
+1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 444 R
F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144
-460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 456 Q .425(The options are of)144
+472.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 484.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 496.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 508.8 Q F1(shift)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 537.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 549.6 Q F1($#)2.582
E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 561.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 573.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)108 602.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 614.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
-ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 614.4 R(The)
-144 6
26.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 626.4 R(The)
+144 6
38.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
-5.327 F(ha)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 650.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 662.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 674.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+5.327 F(ha)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 686.4 R .256
+(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .256
(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
-(all)180 698.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 710.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
-(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127
-(If either)144 727.2 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0
-.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
-(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F
-(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-(are set or unset, respecti)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024(.U)
--.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(shopt)3.523 E F0 1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)
-144 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E 1.544
-(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 112.8 R/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545
-(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E
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+2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 100.8 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1
+<ad75>2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)
+2.627 E .127(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18
+F 1.024(are set or unset, respecti)144 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+6.024(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523
+E F0 1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 124.8 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E 1.544
+(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R F2
+(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 124.8 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 136.8 Q(The list of)144 153.6 Q F1(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 171.6 Q F0 .199
+144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt)
+2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 183.6 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 195.6 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 207.6 R .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .156
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 219.6 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 231.6 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 243.6 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+(corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 255.6 R 4.352 -.65
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.352 -.65
(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 267.6 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 279.6 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 291.6 R F1(bash)4.58
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)4.58
E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
-(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 303.6 S(cute it.).15 E
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 332.4 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 315.6
-Q F0 .448(If set,)184 327.6 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 339.6 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 1.456
-(attempted without an interv)184 351.6 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15
+(attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15
F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 363.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
+3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)
--2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 375.6 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 387.6 R F1(bash)
+-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 416.4 R F1(bash)
3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796
(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796
-(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 399.6 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F1(cmdhist)144 411.6 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+F1(cmdhist)144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-423.6 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 435.6
-Q F0 .42(If set,)184 447.6 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
+452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4
+Q F0 .42(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E
-(to the conditional command')184 459.6 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G
-(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(dirspell)144 471.6 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F
-F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
-(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
+(to the conditional command')184 488.4 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G
+(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 500.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184
+512.4 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409
+(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
+(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F
+(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 524.4 Q 2.5
+(s<a)-.55 G(nd > operators.)-2.5 E F1(compat40)144 536.4 Q F0 1.41
+(If set,)184 548.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F
+1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
+(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.692
+(string comparison when using the conditional command')184 560.4 R 4.193
+(s<a)-.55 G 1.693(nd > operators and the)-4.193 F(ef)184 572.4 Q
+(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(dirspell)144 584.4 Q F0
+.859(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858
+(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 483.6 Q(xist.)-.15
-E F1(dotglob)144 495.6 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 596.4 Q(xist.)-.15
+E F1(dotglob)144 608.4 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)
-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 507.6 Q F0 1.386
-(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
+(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 620.4 Q F0 1.387
+(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 519.6 Q
+1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 632.4 Q
(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15
-E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 531.6 Q
-F0 .717(If set, aliases are e)184 543.6 R .717(xpanded as described abo)
+E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 644.4 Q
+F0 .716(If set, aliases are e)184 656.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo)
-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(ALIASES)3.217 E F4(.)A F0
-.716(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 555.6 Q
+.717(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 668.4 Q
(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144
-567.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 579.6 Q
+680.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 692.4 Q
(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184
-591.6 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1
+704.4 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1
(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
-(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 603.6
-Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 615.6 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)
-28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167
-F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220
-627.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 639.6 Q F0 .84
-(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
-(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15
-(exe)220 651.6 S .488
-(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1
-(sour)220 663.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1
--.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1 26(4. B)184
-675.6 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F1 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0
-1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220
-687.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 699.6 Q F0 1.359
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<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E
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-(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 522 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G
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429.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
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-(UG)-.09 E F2(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0
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489.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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--.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 513.6 R F4(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is)
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--3.429 F -.15(ex)144 525.6 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F
-1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F1(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
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(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-579.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
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--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 603.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
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-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F4(name)
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-F3<ad74>144 644.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F3(type)3.342 E F0
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-(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using)
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-(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 108 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A/F2 10
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--.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25
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(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
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(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
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(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
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-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
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-F .49
9(resource is printed, unless the)144 220.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
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8(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
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(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
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(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
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244.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
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-F1<ad63>144 268.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
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--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 292.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 304.8 Q
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364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
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+F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
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+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F1<ad69>144 316.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 340.8 Q F0
+26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 352.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 364.8 Q F1<ad70>144 376.8 Q F0
+24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 388.8 Q F0
+<ad71>144 508.8 Q F0
(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144
-
400.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144
-412.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 424.8 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 436.8 Q
+
520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144
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+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q
F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 448.8 Q F0
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 460.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 472.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 489.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E
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+(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 592.8 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 609.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E
F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843
(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>
2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F
-.17
5(option is gi)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
-2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 513.6
-Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.51
6 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
-<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 525.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+.17
6(option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 633.6
+Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.51
5 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1
+<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E
+3.788(ues. The)144 645.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-537.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+657.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 566.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 578.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-590.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 698.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+710.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 602.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 614.4 Q F0 .552
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 626.4 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 643.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 655.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
-F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 667.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
-(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 684 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 696 S 3.107
-(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
-.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
-(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 708 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
-2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 720 Q F0 .46
-(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
-(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
-148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .902
-(unset v)144 84 R .902(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.402(df).15 G .902(rom the en)-3.402 F .903
-(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F(If)5.903 E(an)144 96 Q
-4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F2 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(SECONDS)4.035 E F2(,)A F1(LINENO)4.035 E F2(,)A
-F1(HISTCMD)4.035 E F2(,)A F1(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME)-.18 E F2(,)A F1(GR)4.035
-E(OUPS)-.27 E F2(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F1(DIRST)4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K)
-.495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144 108 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328
-(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G
-2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya)-.15 G .328
-(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329
-(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 120 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)
-108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 148.8 S
-.288(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.)
-.8 F(Each)5.288 E F3(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F
-.722(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .551
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q
+(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
+(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach)
+.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155
+F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655
+(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.106
+(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F1(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E
+.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607
+(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the)
+5.607 F F2<ad76>144 177.6 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.305(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
+2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F2<ad66>144 189.6 Q F0 .459
+(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F1(name)3.319 E F0 .459
+(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 201.6 R .903
+(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
+(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
+(If)5.902 E(an)144 213.6 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(RANDOM)4.284 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
+(LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME)
+-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST)
+4.285 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.035 E .329(unset, the)144
+225.6 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya)
+-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .328
+(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 237.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0
+(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C
+(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 266.4 S .288
+(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
+(Each)5.288 E F1(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
-F3(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
-(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
-(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F3(n)4.125 E F0 .456
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 184.8 R .457
+F1(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
+(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
+(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F1(n)4.126 E F0 .457
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 302.4 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 196.8 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 314.4 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 213.6 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-225.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 331.2 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+343.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 9 14:08:04 2009
+%%CreationDate: Wed Dec 23 16:47:11 2009
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Fri Oct 16 12:23:41 EDT 2009
+@set LASTCHANGE Wed Dec 23 16:29:41 EST 2009
@set EDITION 4.1
@set VERSION 4.1
-@set UPDATED 16 October 2009
-@set UPDATED-MONTH October 2009
+@set UPDATED 23 December 2009
+@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2009
extern int errno;
#endif
+#define NEED_FPURGE_DECL
+
#include "bashansi.h"
#include "bashintl.h"
#ifdef NEED_XTRACE_SET_DECL
extern void xtrace_set __P((int, FILE *));
#endif
+extern void xtrace_fdchk __P((int));
extern void xtrace_reset __P((void));
extern char *indirection_level_string __P((void));
extern void xtrace_print_assignment __P((char *, char *, int, int));
${BUILD_DIR}/version.h: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h ${BUILD_DIR}/Makefile Makefile
-( cd ${BUILD_DIR} && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} version.h )
+${BUILD_DIR}/pathnames.h: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h ${BUILD_DIR}/Makefile Makefile
+ -( cd ${BUILD_DIR} && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} pathnames.h )
+
# rules for losing makes, like SunOS
casemod.o: casemod.c
clktck.o: clktck.c
#if defined (HAVE_LOCALE_CHARSET)
extern const char *locale_charset __P((void));
+#else
+extern char *get_locale_var __P((char *));
#endif
#if defined (HAVE_ICONV)
static char *groupnum __P((char *));
+#ifndef HAVE_ISINF_IN_LIBC
+static int isinf __P((double));
+#endif
+#ifndef HAVE_ISNAN_IN_LIBC
+static int isnan __P((double));
+#endif
+
#ifdef DRIVER
static void memory_error_and_abort ();
static void *xmalloc __P((size_t));
{
static char *line_buffer = (char *)NULL;
static int buffer_size = 0;
- int indx = 0, c, peekc, pass_next;
+ int indx, c, peekc, pass_next;
#if defined (READLINE)
if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
#endif
print_prompt ();
- pass_next = 0;
+ pass_next = indx = 0;
while (1)
{
/* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
because we have fully consumed the result of the last alias expansion.
Do it transparently; just return the next character of the string popped
to. */
+pop_alias:
if (!uc && (pushed_string_list != (STRING_SAVER *)NULL))
{
pop_string ();
if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
prompt_again ();
line_number++;
+ /* XXX - what do we do here if we're expanding an alias whose definition
+ ends with a newline? Recall that we inhibit the appending of a
+ space in mk_alexpansion() if newline is the last character. */
+#if 0 /* XXX - bash-4.2 (jonathan@claggett.org) */
+ if (expanding_alias () && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index+1] == '\0')
+ {
+ uc = 0;
+ goto pop_alias;
+ }
+#endif
+
goto restart_read;
}
l = strlen (s);
r = xmalloc (l + 2);
strcpy (r, s);
+#if 0 /* XXX - bash-4.2 */
+ if (r[l -1] != ' ' && r[l -1] != '\n')
+#else
if (r[l -1] != ' ')
+#endif
r[l++] = ' ';
r[l] = '\0';
return r;
{
char *temp_prompt;
- if (interactive == 0 || expanding_alias()) /* XXX */
+ if (interactive == 0 || expanding_alias ()) /* XXX */
return;
ps1_prompt = get_string_value ("PS1");
Bashbug will start up your editor (as defined by the shell's
EDITOR environment variable) with a preformatted bug report
template for you to fill in. The report will be mailed to the
-bash maintainers by default. See the manual for details.
+bug-bash mailing list by default. See the manual for details.
If you invoke bashbug by accident, just quit your editor without
saving any changes to the template, and no bug report will be sent.
exit
fi
-echo $n "Send bug report? [y/n] $c"
+echo $n "Send bug report to ${BUGADDR}? [y/n] $c"
read ans
case "$ans" in
[Nn]*) exit 0 ;;
--- /dev/null
+#!/bin/sh -
+#
+# bashbug - create a bug report and mail it to the bug address
+#
+# The bug address depends on the release status of the shell. Versions
+# with status `devel', `alpha', `beta', or `rc' mail bug reports to
+# chet@cwru.edu and, optionally, to bash-testers@cwru.edu.
+# Other versions send mail to bug-bash@gnu.org.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 1996-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#
+# configuration section:
+# these variables are filled in by the make target in Makefile
+#
+MACHINE="!MACHINE!"
+OS="!OS!"
+CC="!CC!"
+CFLAGS="!CFLAGS!"
+RELEASE="!RELEASE!"
+PATCHLEVEL="!PATCHLEVEL!"
+RELSTATUS="!RELSTATUS!"
+MACHTYPE="!MACHTYPE!"
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
+export PATH
+
+# Check if TMPDIR is set, default to /tmp
+: ${TMPDIR:=/tmp}
+
+#Securely create a temporary directory for the temporary files
+TEMPDIR=$TMPDIR/bbug.$$
+(umask 077 && mkdir $TEMPDIR) || {
+ echo "$0: could not create temporary directory" >&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+TEMPFILE1=$TEMPDIR/bbug1
+TEMPFILE2=$TEMPDIR/bbug2
+
+USAGE="Usage: $0 [--help] [--version] [bug-report-email-address]"
+VERSTR="GNU bashbug, version ${RELEASE}.${PATCHLEVEL}-${RELSTATUS}"
+
+do_help= do_version=
+
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+ case "$1" in
+ --help) shift ; do_help=y ;;
+ --version) shift ; do_version=y ;;
+ --) shift ; break ;;
+ -*) echo "bashbug: ${1}: invalid option" >&2
+ echo "$USAGE" >& 2
+ exit 2 ;;
+ *) break ;;
+ esac
+done
+
+if [ -n "$do_version" ]; then
+ echo "${VERSTR}"
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+if [ -n "$do_help" ]; then
+ echo "${VERSTR}"
+ echo "${USAGE}"
+ echo
+ cat << HERE_EOF
+Bashbug is used to send mail to the Bash maintainers
+for when Bash doesn't behave like you'd like, or expect.
+
+Bashbug will start up your editor (as defined by the shell's
+EDITOR environment variable) with a preformatted bug report
+template for you to fill in. The report will be mailed to the
+bash maintainers by default. See the manual for details.
+
+If you invoke bashbug by accident, just quit your editor without
+saving any changes to the template, and no bug report will be sent.
+HERE_EOF
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+# Figure out how to echo a string without a trailing newline
+N=`echo 'hi there\c'`
+case "$N" in
+*c) n=-n c= ;;
+*) n= c='\c' ;;
+esac
+
+BASHTESTERS="bash-testers@cwru.edu"
+
+case "$RELSTATUS" in
+alpha*|beta*|devel*|rc*) BUGBASH=chet@cwru.edu ;;
+*) BUGBASH=bug-bash@gnu.org ;;
+esac
+
+case "$RELSTATUS" in
+alpha*|beta*|devel*|rc*)
+ echo "$0: This is a testing release. Would you like your bug report"
+ echo "$0: to be sent to the bash-testers mailing list?"
+ echo $n "$0: Send to bash-testers? $c"
+ read ans
+ case "$ans" in
+ y*|Y*) BUGBASH="${BUGBASH},${BASHTESTERS}" ;;
+ esac ;;
+esac
+
+BUGADDR="${1-$BUGBASH}"
+
+if [ -z "$DEFEDITOR" ] && [ -z "$EDITOR" ]; then
+ if [ -x /usr/bin/editor ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=editor
+ elif [ -x /usr/local/bin/ce ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=ce
+ elif [ -x /usr/local/bin/emacs ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=emacs
+ elif [ -x /usr/contrib/bin/emacs ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=emacs
+ elif [ -x /usr/bin/emacs ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=emacs
+ elif [ -x /usr/bin/xemacs ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=xemacs
+ elif [ -x /usr/contrib/bin/jove ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=jove
+ elif [ -x /usr/local/bin/jove ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=jove
+ elif [ -x /usr/bin/vi ]; then
+ DEFEDITOR=vi
+ else
+ echo "$0: No default editor found: attempting to use vi" >&2
+ DEFEDITOR=vi
+ fi
+fi
+
+
+: ${EDITOR=$DEFEDITOR}
+
+: ${USER=${LOGNAME-`whoami`}}
+
+trap 'rm -rf "$TEMPDIR"; exit 1' 1 2 3 13 15
+trap 'rm -rf "$TEMPDIR"' 0
+
+UN=
+if (uname) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+ UN=`uname -a`
+fi
+
+if [ -f /usr/lib/sendmail ] ; then
+ RMAIL="/usr/lib/sendmail"
+ SMARGS="-i -t"
+elif [ -f /usr/sbin/sendmail ] ; then
+ RMAIL="/usr/sbin/sendmail"
+ SMARGS="-i -t"
+else
+ RMAIL=rmail
+ SMARGS="$BUGADDR"
+fi
+
+INITIAL_SUBJECT='[50 character or so descriptive subject here (for reference)]'
+
+cat > "$TEMPFILE1" <<EOF
+From: ${USER}
+To: ${BUGADDR}
+Subject: ${INITIAL_SUBJECT}
+
+Configuration Information [Automatically generated, do not change]:
+Machine: $MACHINE
+OS: $OS
+Compiler: $CC
+Compilation CFLAGS: $CFLAGS
+uname output: $UN
+Machine Type: $MACHTYPE
+
+Bash Version: $RELEASE
+Patch Level: $PATCHLEVEL
+Release Status: $RELSTATUS
+
+Description:
+ [Detailed description of the problem, suggestion, or complaint.]
+
+Repeat-By:
+ [Describe the sequence of events that causes the problem
+ to occur.]
+
+Fix:
+ [Description of how to fix the problem. If you don't know a
+ fix for the problem, don't include this section.]
+EOF
+
+cp "$TEMPFILE1" "$TEMPFILE2"
+chmod u+w "$TEMPFILE1"
+
+trap '' 2 # ignore interrupts while in editor
+
+edstat=1
+while [ $edstat -ne 0 ]; do
+ $EDITOR "$TEMPFILE1"
+ edstat=$?
+
+ if [ $edstat -ne 0 ]; then
+ echo "$0: editor \`$EDITOR' exited with nonzero status."
+ echo "$0: Perhaps it was interrupted."
+ echo "$0: Type \`y' to give up, and lose your bug report;"
+ echo "$0: type \`n' to re-enter the editor."
+ echo $n "$0: Do you want to give up? $c"
+
+ read ans
+ case "$ans" in
+ [Yy]*) exit 1 ;;
+ esac
+
+ continue
+ fi
+
+ # find the subject from the temp file and see if it's been changed
+ CURR_SUB=`grep '^Subject: ' "$TEMPFILE1" | sed 's|^Subject:[ ]*||' | sed 1q`
+
+ case "$CURR_SUB" in
+ "${INITIAL_SUBJECT}")
+ echo
+ echo "$0: You have not changed the subject from the default."
+ echo "$0: Please use a more descriptive subject header."
+ echo "$0: Type \`y' to give up, and lose your bug report;"
+ echo "$0: type \`n' to re-enter the editor."
+ echo $n "$0: Do you want to give up? $c"
+
+ read ans
+ case "$ans" in
+ [Yy]*) exit 1 ;;
+ esac
+
+ echo "$0: The editor will be restarted in five seconds."
+ sleep 5
+ edstat=1
+ ;;
+ esac
+
+done
+
+trap 'rm -rf "$TEMPDIR"; exit 1' 2 # restore trap on SIGINT
+
+if cmp -s "$TEMPFILE1" "$TEMPFILE2"
+then
+ echo "File not changed, no bug report submitted."
+ exit
+fi
+
+echo $n "Send bug report? [y/n] $c"
+read ans
+case "$ans" in
+[Nn]*) exit 0 ;;
+esac
+
+${RMAIL} $SMARGS < "$TEMPFILE1" || {
+ cat "$TEMPFILE1" >> $HOME/dead.bashbug
+ echo "$0: mail failed: report saved in $HOME/dead.bashbug" >&2
+}
+
+exit 0
--- /dev/null
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
--- /dev/null
+Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
--- /dev/null
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
