- mkseq: make sure to terminate result array before passing it to
strvec_dispose on an interrupt. Report and fix from Corbin Souffrant
<corbin.souffrant@gmail.com>
+
+ 11/6
+ ----
+trap.c
+ - _run_trap_internal: if the signal shows up as SIG_CHANGED after
+ running the trap handler, check for terminating signals and run any
+ terminating signal handler indicates. Fixes issue reported by
+ Owen Stephens <owen@owenstephens.co.uk>
+
+ 11/7
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_builtin: don't merge the temporary environment when the
+ `return' builtin is being executed if it's being executed by the
+ `command' builtin, since that's supposed to inhibit the special
+ builtin properties. Part of POSIX conformance problems reported
+ by Martin Rehak <martin.rehak@oracle.com>
+
+builtins/cd.def
+ - bindpwd: if canonicalization fails when -P is specified (e.g. if the
+ directory name length exceeds PATH_MAX), reset dirname ($PWD value) =
+ to the_current_working_directory (Posix cd description, step 10.)
+ Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak
+ <martin.rehak@oracle.com>
+
+builtins/kill.def
+ - kill_builtin: support -sSIG and -nSIG without requiring them to be
+ separate arguments. POSIX says a "conforming implementation" should
+ accept them.
+ Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak
+ <martin.rehak@oracle.com>
+
+ 11/8
+ ----
+arrayfunc.c
+ - array_value_internal: return NULL for invisible array variables.
+ Fixes issue with FUNCNAME sometimes returning invalid value reported
+ by Great Big Dot <greatbigdot@gmail.com>
+
+builtins/cd.def
+ - change_to_directory: if we are in posix mode, and the chdir to the
+ absolute pathname ($PWD/dirname) fails, return an error without
+ trying to use just `dirname' (posix cd step 10).
+ Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak
+ <martin.rehak@oracle.com>
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_case_command: use expand_word_leave_quoted to expand the
+ word, then dequote the resulting string. This performs the
+ expansions in the order posix specifies.
+ Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak
+ <martin.rehak@oracle.com>
+
+subst.c
+ - expand_word_unsplit: rewrite in terms of expand_word_leave_quoted
+ - ifs_whitespace: new macro, Posix ifs whitespace (ISSPACE; member
+ of current locale's space char class)
+ - ifs_whitesep: new macro, whitespace that is a member of $IFS; used
+ by list_string and get_word_from_string
+ - list_string: use ifs_whitesep instead of spctabnl in case $IFS
+ contains whitespace characters that are not space, tab, or newline
+ - get_word_from_string: use ifs_whitesep instead of spctabnl in case
+ $IFS contains whitespace characters that are not space, tab, or
+ newline.
+ Part of POSIX conformance problems reported by Martin Rehak
+ <martin.rehak@oracle.com>
+
+ 11/9
+ ----
+general.c
+ - posix_initialize: enable the shift_verbose option when turning on
+ posix mode, and disable it when posix mode is disabled. From a
+ report by Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
+
+doc/bashref.texi
+ - posix mode: note the effect of posix mode on shift_verbose
tests/case1.sub f
tests/case2.sub f
tests/case3.sub f
+tests/case4.sub f
tests/casemod.tests f
tests/casemod.right f
tests/comsub.tests f
shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash
clears the '-e' option in such subshells.
- 44. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose'
+ option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of
+ positional parameters will result in an error message.
+
+ 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is
supplied.
- 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 47. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+ 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail
instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
- 48. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length
+ of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name
+ supplied as an argument exceeds PATH_MAX when all symbolic links
+ are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the
+ supplied directory name.
+
+ 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the '-P' option.
- 49. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
+ 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
- 50. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
+ 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
- 51. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'.
- 52. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
+ 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and
'$EDITOR'.
- 53. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is
displayed, after escape characters are converted.
- 54. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
+ 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
and '-f' options.
- 55. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
+ 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
- 56. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+ 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status
greater than 128.
- 57. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+ 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
}
else if (var == 0 || value_cell (var) == 0) /* XXX - check for invisible_p(var) ? */
return ((char *)NULL);
+ else if (invisible_p (var))
+ return ((char *)NULL);
else if (array_p (var) == 0 && assoc_p (var) == 0)
l = add_string_to_list (value_cell (var), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
else if (assoc_p (var))
FREE (akey);
return ((char *)NULL);
}
+ else if (invisible_p (var))
+ {
+ FREE (akey);
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
if (array_p (var) == 0 && assoc_p (var) == 0)
return (ind == 0 ? value_cell (var) : (char *)NULL);
else if (assoc_p (var))
int no_symlinks;
{
char *dirname, *pwdvar;
- int old_anm, r;
+ int old_anm, r, canon_failed;
SHELL_VAR *tvar;
r = sh_chkwrite (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
: get_working_directory ("cd");
#undef tcwd
+ /* If canonicalization fails, reset dirname to the_current_working_directory */
+ if (dirname == 0)
+ {
+ canon_failed = 1;
+ dirname = the_current_working_directory;
+ }
+
old_anm = array_needs_making;
pwdvar = get_string_value ("PWD");
if (setpwd (dirname) == EXECUTION_FAILURE)
r = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
- if (dirname == 0 && eflag)
+ if (canon_failed && eflag)
r = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
if (dirname && dirname != the_current_working_directory)
/* In POSIX mode, if we're resolving symlinks logically and sh_canonpath
returns NULL (because it checks the path, it will return NULL if the
resolved path doesn't exist), fail immediately. */
+#if defined (ENAMETOOLONG)
if (posixly_correct && nolinks == 0 && canon_failed && (errno != ENAMETOOLONG || ndlen > PATH_MAX))
+#else
+ if (posixly_correct && nolinks == 0 && canon_failed && ndlen > PATH_MAX)
+#endif
{
#if defined ENAMETOOLONG
if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
/* We're not in physical mode (nolinks == 0), but we failed to change to
the canonicalized directory name (TDIR). Try what the user passed
- verbatim. If we succeed, reinitialize the_current_working_directory. */
- if (chdir (newdir) == 0)
+ verbatim. If we succeed, reinitialize the_current_working_directory.
+ POSIX requires that we just fail here, so we do in posix mode. */
+ if (posixly_correct == 0 && chdir (newdir) == 0)
{
t = resetpwd ("cd");
if (t == 0)
/* variables from read.def */
extern int sigalrm_seen;
+/* variables from shift.def */
+extern int print_shift_error;
+
/* variables from source.def */
extern int source_searches_cwd;
extern int source_uses_path;
if (list)
{
sigspec = list->word->word;
+use_sigspec:
if (sigspec[0] == '0' && sigspec[1] == '\0')
sig = 0;
else
return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
}
}
+ else if (word[0] == '-' && word[1] == 's' && ISALPHA (word[2]))
+ {
+ sigspec = word + 2;
+ goto use_sigspec;
+ }
+ else if (word[0] == '-' && word[1] == 'n' && ISDIGIT (word[2]))
+ {
+ sigspec = word + 2;
+ goto use_sigspec;
+ }
else if (ISOPTION (word, '-'))
{
list = list->next;
_\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
- argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
- the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
- placed in the environment exported to that command. When check-
- ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
- rently being checked.
+ argument to the previous simple command executed in the fore-
+ ground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to
+ invoke each command executed and placed in the environment
+ exported to that command. When checking mail, this parameter
+ holds the name of the mail file currently being checked.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
The following variables are set by the shell:
_\bi_\bd+\b++\b+ _\bi_\bd-\b--\b-
variable post-increment and post-decrement
+ -\b- +\b+ unary minus and plus
+\b++\b+_\bi_\bd -\b--\b-_\bi_\bd
variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
- -\b- +\b+ unary minus and plus
!\b! ~\b~ logical and bitwise negation
*\b**\b* exponentiation
*\b* /\b/ %\b% multiplication, division, remainder
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
- unary or binary primaries. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially
- when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth-
- erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- argument to one of the primaries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file
- descriptor _\bn is checked. If the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries
- is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn, _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0,
- 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+ and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt abd [\b[ commands determine their
+ behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
+ those commands for any other command-specific actions.
+
+ Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
+ sions. If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these
+ special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
+ internally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
- with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default.
+ with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
+ default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
+ a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
+ from any successful expansion.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
- Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG
+ Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG
option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are
- being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
- and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are
+ being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was
defined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
- plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
default completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
- S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
- less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
- file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol-
lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
- ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
- history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
- history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
- lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
+ ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
+ history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
+ history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
+ lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is
- unwritable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable
- is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the
- history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses-
- sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-
+ unwritable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable
+ is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the
+ history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses-
+ sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-
stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history
file is truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bT-\b-
- F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric
+ F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric
value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
- manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+ manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell
options.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into
account. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
- line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
- to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
- The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
- that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
- able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
- in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
+ line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
+ to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
+ The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
+ that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
+ able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
+ in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His-
- tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
- sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
- quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history
- expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre-
+ tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
+ sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
+ quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history
+ expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre-
cedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
option is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/''
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_\bn The _\bnth word.
^\b^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
- $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will
+ $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will
expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
%\b% The word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
h\bh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
- line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
- delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
- line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
- backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
- gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
- the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
+ delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
+ line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
+ backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
+ gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
+ the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
tions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
- G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
+ G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
line.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt/[\b[ builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
- t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
+ and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
+ t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
- environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
- filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
+ environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
- searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
- to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
- tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
- positional parameters are unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is
- enabled, s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be inherits any trap on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any
- D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored around the call to
- s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be, and s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it executes. If
- -\b-T\bT is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
- new value is retained when s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be completes. The return status
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
+ to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
+ positional parameters are unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is
+ enabled, s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be inherits any trap on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any
+ D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored around the call to
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be, and s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it executes. If
+ -\b-T\bT is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
+ new value is retained when s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be completes. The return status
is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if
no commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
- returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
- appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
- as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
+ appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
+ as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
- is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
+ is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
- entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
- l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
current location of the insertion point. If the executed
- command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
- -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
- associated commands in a format that can be reused as
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as
input.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
- exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]] [-@]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
- the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
tional arguments following _\bd_\bi_\br are ignored. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative
- directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
+ defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative
+ directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
- structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
+ used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
+ structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the -\b-P\bP option
to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links
- to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
+ to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is processed by removing
- the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
- slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
- with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
- fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
- return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
- -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
- file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD
+ the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
+ slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
+ with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
+ fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
+ return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
+ -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
+ file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD
before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc-
- tory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argument,
+ tory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argument,
and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of
- the new working directory is written to the standard output.
- The return value is true if the directory was successfully
+ the new working directory is written to the standard output.
+ The return value is true if the directory was successfully
changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other sup-
- plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
- mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
- which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
- indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
- to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
- on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
- options and actions should apply to completion on the inital
- non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
- such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
- multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
+ plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
+ mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
+ which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
+ indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
+ to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
+ on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
+ options and actions should apply to completion on the inital
+ non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
+ such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
+ multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
over -\b-E\bE, and both take precedence over -\b-I\bI. If any of -\b-D\bD, -\b-E\bE, or
- -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
+ -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
completions only apply to the case specified by the option.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
m\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose
- arguments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2)
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose
+ arguments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2)
is the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3)
- is the word preceding the word being completed on the
- current command line. When it finishes, the possible
- completions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bE-\b-
+ is the word preceding the word being completed on the
+ current command line. When it finishes, the possible
+ completions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bE-\b-
P\bPL\bLY\bY array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that other
- supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion
- on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
- mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
completion.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the
- attributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option
- will restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option
- inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function
- name and attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option
- is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the
+ attributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option
+ will restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option
+ inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function
+ name and attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option
+ is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number
where each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option
- implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or
+ implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or
modified at the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a
- shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow-
+ shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow-
ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with
the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a vari-
- able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
- set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assignment
- syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not
+ able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
+ set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assignment
+ syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not
take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to
- define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
- assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
- assign a value to an array variable without using the compound
- assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to
+ define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
+ assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
+ assign a value to an array variable without using the compound
+ assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
- entries from the list. The current directory is always the
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ entries from the list. The current directory is always the
first directory in the stack.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
- receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option
- means to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
+ receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option
+ means to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return
value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
- escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
- mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
+ escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
+ mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that
- ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
+ ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
wise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous com-
mand for editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the history entries between positions _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and
- _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt
+ Delete the history entries between positions _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and
+ _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt
and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
- successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid
option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
- restored to their original values when the function returns.
- With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
- standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
+ restored to their original values when the function returns.
+ With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
+ standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a
function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a
- function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly
+ function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly
variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no
- argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had
- been given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no
+ argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had
+ been given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
behavior.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two
- directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two
+ directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
- new current working directory as if it had been supplied
+ new current working directory as if it had been supplied
as the argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split
- into words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split
+ into words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion
(described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- returns immediately, without trying to read any data.
- The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
- fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta-
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ returns immediately, without trying to read any data.
+ The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+ fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta-
tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is
encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater
- than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
+ than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup-
plied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If
- no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If
+ no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to
- determine the status is the last command executed before the
- trap handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
- last command used to determine the status is the last command
- executed by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
- script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
- executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
- the last command executed within the script as the exit status
- of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
- significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is
- supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
- and not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any com-
- mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execu-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to
+ determine the status is the last command executed before the
+ trap handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
+ last command used to determine the status is the last command
+ executed by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
+ script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
+ significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is
+ supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
+ and not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any com-
+ mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execu-
tion resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other
options have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of
- associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres-
- sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of
+ associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres-
+ sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can
perform variable assignments.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ default.
c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous
scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref
attribute is not inherited.
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn above) are enabled. This option is
enabled by default.
+ p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion
+ using the command word resulting from the expanded
+ alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
- depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
ishes executing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
- !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be)
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be)
option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bSa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
- blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values;
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
+ blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values;
and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte incre-
ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu-
ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
- unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
+ unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
D\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, all currently active child pro-
cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the -\b-n\bn
- option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any job to terminate and
- returns its exit status. If the -\b-f\bf option is supplied, and job
+ option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any job to terminate and
+ returns its exit status. If the -\b-f\bf option is supplied, and job
control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt forces _\bi_\bd to terminate before returning
- its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _\bi_\bd
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _\bi_\bd
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE --
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 5.0 2018 August 7 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.0 2018 October 22 BASH(1)
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 August 7<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 October 22<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
or argument list.
-Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
-after expansion.
+Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous simple
+command executed in the foreground, after expansion.
Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
and placed in the environment exported to that command.
When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file
<DD>
variable post-increment and post-decrement
-<DT><B>++</B><I>id</I> --<I>id</I>
-
-<DD>
-variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
<DT><B>- +</B>
<DD>
unary minus and plus
+<DT><B>++</B><I>id</I> --<I>id</I>
+
+<DD>
+variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
<DT><B>! ~</B>
<DD>
Conditional expressions are used by the <B>[[</B> compound command and
the <B>test</B> and <B>[</B> builtin commands to test file attributes
and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.
+The <B>test</B> abd <B>[</B> commands determine their behavior based on
+the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any
+other command-specific actions.
+<P>
+
Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
<B>Bash</B> handles several filenames specially when they are used in
expressions.
find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with
the <B>-D</B> option to <B>complete</B> is used as the default.
+If there is no default compspec, <B>bash</B> attempts alias expansion
+on the command word as a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec
+for the command word from any successful expansion.
<P>
Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COLUMNS</B>.
</FONT>
+This option is enabled by default.
<DT><B>cmdhist</B>
<DD>
If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of
the same name that exists at a previous scope before any new value is
assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited.
+<DT><B>localvar_unset</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, calling <B>unset</B> on local variables in previous function scopes
+marks them so subsequent lookups find them unset until that function
+returns. This is identical to the behavior of unsetting local variables
+at the current function scope.
<DT><B>login_shell</B>
<DD>
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see
<B>Programmable Completion</B> above) are enabled.
This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>progcomp_alias</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, and programmable completion is enabled, <B>bash</B> treats a command
+name that doesn't have any completions as a possible alias and attempts
+alias expansion. If it has an alias, <B>bash</B> attempts programmable
+completion using the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
<DT><B>promptvars</B>
<DD>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 August 7<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 October 22<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 07 September 2018 16:15:28 EDT
+Time: 09 November 2018 14:50:32 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018).
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018).
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
($_, an underscore.) At shell startup, set to the absolute
pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as
passed in the environment or argument list. Subsequently, expands
- to the last argument to the previous command, after expansion.
- Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
- and placed in the environment exported to that command. When
- checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file.
+ to the last argument to the previous simple command executed in the
+ foreground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to
+ invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported
+ to that command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name
+ of the mail file.
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Shell Expansions, Next: Redirections, Prev: Shell Parameters, Up: Basic Shell Features
the expression is false.
3 arguments
- The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If
- the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators
- (*note Bash Conditional Expressions::), the result of the
- expression is the result of the binary test using the first
- and third arguments as operands. The '-a' and '-o' operators
- are considered binary operators when there are three
- arguments. If the first argument is '!', the value is the
- negation of the two-argument test using the second and third
- arguments. If the first argument is exactly '(' and the third
- argument is exactly ')', the result is the one-argument test
- of the second argument. Otherwise, the expression is false.
+ The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
+
+ 1. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ operators (*note Bash Conditional Expressions::), the
+ result of the expression is the result of the binary test
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The
+ '-a' and '-o' operators are considered binary operators
+ when there are three arguments.
+ 2. If the first argument is '!', the value is the negation
+ of the two-argument test using the second and third
+ arguments.
+ 3. If the first argument is exactly '(' and the third
+ argument is exactly ')', the result is the one-argument
+ test of the second argument.
+ 4. Otherwise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is '!', the result is the negation of
'checkwinsize'
If set, Bash checks the window size after each external
(non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the values of
- 'LINES' and 'COLUMNS'.
+ 'LINES' and 'COLUMNS'. This option is enabled by default.
'cmdhist'
If set, Bash attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
before any new value is assigned. The NAMEREF attribute is
not inherited.
+ 'localvar_unset'
+ If set, calling 'unset' on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find them
+ unset until that function returns. This is identical to the
+ behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function
+ scope.
+
'login_shell'
The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
(*note Invoking Bash::). The value may not be changed.
Programmable Completion::) are enabled. This option is
enabled by default.
+ 'progcomp_alias'
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, Bash treats a
+ command name that doesn't have any completions as a possible
+ alias and attempts alias expansion. If it has an alias, Bash
+ attempts programmable completion using the command word
+ resulting from the expanded alias.
+
'promptvars'
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command
substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after
================================
Conditional expressions are used by the '[[' compound command and the
-'test' and '[' builtin commands.
-
- Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used
-to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric
-comparison operators as well. Bash handles several filenames specially
-when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
-Bash is running provides these special files, Bash will use them;
-otherwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If the
-FILE argument to one of the primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then
-file descriptor N is checked. If the FILE argument to one of the
-primaries is one of '/dev/stdin', '/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+'test' and '[' builtin commands. The 'test' and '[' commands determine
+their behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
+those commands for any other command-specific actions.
+
+ Expressions may be unary or binary, and are formed from the following
+primaries. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a
+file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as
+well. Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+expressions. If the operating system on which Bash is running provides
+these special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
+internally with this behavior: If the FILE argument to one of the
+primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then file descriptor N is checked.
+If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of '/dev/stdin',
+'/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
+respectively, is checked.
When used with '[[', the '<' and '>' operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale. The 'test' command uses ASCII ordering.
shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash
clears the '-e' option in such subshells.
- 44. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose'
+ option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of
+ positional parameters will result in an error message.
+
+ 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is
supplied.
- 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 47. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+ 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail
instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
- 48. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length
+ of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name
+ supplied as an argument exceeds PATH_MAX when all symbolic links
+ are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the
+ supplied directory name.
+
+ 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the '-P' option.
- 49. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
+ 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
- 50. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
+ 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
- 51. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'.
- 52. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
+ 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and
'$EDITOR'.
- 53. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is
displayed, after escape characters are converted.
- 54. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
+ 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
and '-f' options.
- 55. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
+ 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
- 56. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+ 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status
greater than 128.
- 57. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+ 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
'keymap'
Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding
- commands. Acceptable 'keymap' names are 'emacs',
+ commands. Built-in 'keymap' names are 'emacs',
'emacs-standard', 'emacs-meta', 'emacs-ctlx', 'vi', 'vi-move',
'vi-command', and 'vi-insert'. 'vi' is equivalent to
'vi-command' ('vi-move' is also a synonym); 'emacs' is
- equivalent to 'emacs-standard'. The default value is 'emacs'.
- The value of the 'editing-mode' variable also affects the
- default keymap.
+ equivalent to 'emacs-standard'. Applications may add
+ additional names. The default value is 'emacs'. The value of
+ the 'editing-mode' variable also affects the default keymap.
'keyseq-timeout'
Specifies the duration Readline will wait for a character when
searched for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an
attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final
slash. If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec
-defined with the '-D' option to 'complete' is used as the default.
+defined with the '-D' option to 'complete' is used as the default. If
+there is no default compspec, Bash attempts alias expansion on the
+command word as a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the
+command word from any successful expansion
Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 269)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 344)
+ (line 348)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 350)
+ (line 354)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 567)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 599)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 605)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 399)
+ (line 403)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 704)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 417)
+ (line 421)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f891
-Node: Introduction\7f2805
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3021
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4135
-Node: Definitions\7f6673
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9624
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f10843
-Node: Shell Operation\7f11869
-Node: Quoting\7f13162
-Node: Escape Character\7f14462
-Node: Single Quotes\7f14947
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15295
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16573
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17832
-Node: Comments\7f18728
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19346
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20218
-Node: Pipelines\7f20849
-Node: Lists\7f23781
-Node: Compound Commands\7f25520
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f26532
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f29027
-Node: Command Grouping\7f40110
-Node: Coprocesses\7f41589
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f43492
-Node: Shell Functions\7f47550
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f54633
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f59046
-Node: Special Parameters\7f59946
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f63660
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f65783
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f68507
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f71124
-Node: Command Substitution\7f85580
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f86935
-Node: Process Substitution\7f87867
-Node: Word Splitting\7f88987
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f90931
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f93461
-Node: Quote Removal\7f97447
-Node: Redirections\7f97742
-Node: Executing Commands\7f107300
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f107970
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f109900
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f112276
-Node: Environment\7f115260
-Node: Exit Status\7f116919
-Node: Signals\7f118589
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f120556
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f123071
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f125109
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f145767
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f174675
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f175020
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f185433
-Node: Special Builtins\7f202303
-Node: Shell Variables\7f203282
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f203719
-Node: Bash Variables\7f205823
-Node: Bash Features\7f236283
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f237182
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f243195
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f248298
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f248708
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f249357
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f250172
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f253659
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f258025
-Node: Aliases\7f260842
-Node: Arrays\7f263390
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f268756
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f269540
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f272508
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f275274
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f277099
-Node: Job Control\7f287514
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f287974
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f292942
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f297669
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f298825
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f300496
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f302119
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f303310
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f305093
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f306053
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f307971
-Node: Searching\7f309015
-Node: Readline Init File\7f311201
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f312348
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f332748
-Node: Sample Init File\7f336944
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f340061
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f341265
-Node: Commands For History\7f343114
-Node: Commands For Text\7f347409
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f350797
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f353278
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f354417
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f358608
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f359295
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f365248
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f366155
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f373749
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f384442
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f389682
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f390366
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f393371
-Node: History Interaction\7f397902
-Node: Event Designators\7f401522
-Node: Word Designators\7f402741
-Node: Modifiers\7f404378
-Node: Installing Bash\7f405780
-Node: Basic Installation\7f406917
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f410175
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f410916
-Node: Installation Names\7f412609
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f413427
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f414143
-Node: Operation Controls\7f414816
-Node: Optional Features\7f415774
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f426292
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f427486
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f444338
-Node: Indexes\7f469515
-Node: Builtin Index\7f469969
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f476796
-Node: Variable Index\7f479244
-Node: Function Index\7f494995
-Node: Concept Index\7f508298
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+Node: Introduction\7f2813
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3029
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4143
+Node: Definitions\7f6681
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9632
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f10851
+Node: Shell Operation\7f11877
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+Node: Escape Character\7f14470
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+Node: Locale Translation\7f17840
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+Node: Shell Commands\7f19354
+Node: Simple Commands\7f20226
+Node: Pipelines\7f20857
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+Node: Compound Commands\7f25528
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f26540
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f29035
+Node: Command Grouping\7f40118
+Node: Coprocesses\7f41597
+Node: GNU Parallel\7f43500
+Node: Shell Functions\7f47558
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f54641
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f59054
+Node: Special Parameters\7f59954
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f63708
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+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f71172
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+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f86983
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+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f112324
+Node: Environment\7f115308
+Node: Exit Status\7f116967
+Node: Signals\7f118637
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+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f123119
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f125157
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f145907
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f174815
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f175160
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f185573
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+Node: Bash Variables\7f206665
+Node: Bash Features\7f237125
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f238024
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+Node: Interactive Shells\7f249140
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f249550
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f250199
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f251014
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f254501
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f259078
+Node: Aliases\7f261895
+Node: Arrays\7f264443
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f269809
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f270593
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f273561
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f276327
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f278152
+Node: Job Control\7f289085
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f289545
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f294513
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f299240
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f300396
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f302067
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f303690
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f304881
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f306664
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f307624
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f309542
+Node: Searching\7f310586
+Node: Readline Init File\7f312772
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f313919
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f334358
+Node: Sample Init File\7f338554
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f341671
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f342875
+Node: Commands For History\7f344724
+Node: Commands For Text\7f349019
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f352407
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f354888
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f356027
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f360218
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f360905
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f366858
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f367765
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f375545
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f386238
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f391478
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f392162
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f395167
+Node: History Interaction\7f399698
+Node: Event Designators\7f403318
+Node: Word Designators\7f404537
+Node: Modifiers\7f406174
+Node: Installing Bash\7f407576
+Node: Basic Installation\7f408713
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f411971
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f412712
+Node: Installation Names\7f414405
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f415223
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f415939
+Node: Operation Controls\7f416612
+Node: Optional Features\7f417570
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f428088
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f429282
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f446134
+Node: Indexes\7f471311
+Node: Builtin Index\7f471765
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f478592
+Node: Variable Index\7f481040
+Node: Function Index\7f496791
+Node: Concept Index\7f510094
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-(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s)
--3.591 E(subsequently reset.)144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .338
-(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .337
+96 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)
+144 108 R .337(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15
+F(\(see)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.916 E F0 .416
+(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417
+(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417
+(ssignments to)-5.417 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 132
+Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)
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+(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.59
+(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E(subsequently reset.)
+144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .337
+(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .338
(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144
-180 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3
-(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3
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+180 Q F2(time)4.042 E F0 4.042(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E F3
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(loses its special properties, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1
-(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403
+(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403
-.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G
-1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103
+1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104
(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 228 Q(AME)
--.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 240 R .479
+-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 240 R .479
(ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e)
--.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277
-(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276
-(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384
+-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276
+(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276
+(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15
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(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 264 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4
-10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385
-(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076
-(tion is e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)
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-(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F
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(special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5
-G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144
+G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144
306 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO)
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-(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0
+(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0
1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO)
.3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404
(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 330 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G
2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A
F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le)
--2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184
-(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1
-(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G
-1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F
-(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228
+-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183
+(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1
+(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G
+1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F
+(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229
(An array v)144 378 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\
-ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E
-.572(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872
+ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E
+.571(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872
-.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3
(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E
-(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .355
-(The history number)144 426 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde)
--2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356
+3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E
+(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .356
+(The history number)144 426 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde)
+-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356
(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3
-(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F
+(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F
(loses its special properties, e)144 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1
(HOSTN)108 450 Q(AME)-.2 E F0
(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 462 Q F1
-(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\
- describes the type of machine on which)144 486 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0
-.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def)
+(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\
+ describes the type of machine on which)144 486 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0
+.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def)
2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 510 Q F0 1.408(Each\
time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\
ber representing the)144 522 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\
-arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .078
-(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 546 R .306
-(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E
-F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F
+arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .079
+(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 546 R .307
+(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E
+F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F
(special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5
G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 570 Q
(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\
-es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2
+es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2
(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E
-(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 606 Q F0 .293
-(An array v)144 618 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0
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+(An array v)144 618 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0
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(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 630 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1
(OLDPWD)108 642 Q F0(The pre)144 654 Q(vious w)-.25 E
(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
-(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 678 R 1.627
+(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 678 R 1.627
(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F
-F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3
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-1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)
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+1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu)
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%%Page: 14 14
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes\
- the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)
-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q
+ the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q
(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 120 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US)
.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 132 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)
3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61
2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E
F1(PWD)108 168 Q F0(The current w)144 168 Q
(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
-(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 .566
-(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 192 R .565
-(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01
+(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 .565
+(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 192 R .566
+(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01
(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 204
R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E
(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
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-E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 252 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
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+1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09
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(The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G
(adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G
-.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2
-(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)
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(Set to the line of input read by the)144 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18
E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.)
-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 324 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\
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-(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 348 R .712
+(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 348 R .712
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2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25
-F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408
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+F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408
+(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408
(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
-(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 396 S
-.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w)
+(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 396 S
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5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763
-(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 408 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F
-F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173
-(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E
-3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 420 R F2
-(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10
+(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 408 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F
+F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174
+(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E
+3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 420 R F2
+(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0
-5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02
+5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019
(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 432 Q F1(bash)
-3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\
-d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141
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F(This v)144 444 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 456 Q
(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 468 Q F1
(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 480 Q F0
(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 480 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G
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-E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 496.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994
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(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1
-(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994
+(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993
(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 508.8
Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0
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--.25(va)2.861 G .361
-(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36
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144 288 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E
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+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(17)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
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/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174
(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 108 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 120 Q F0 .064(The v)144 120 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 120 Q F0 .065(The v)144 120 R
.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)
2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065
(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 132 R
(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 144 Q F0 .118(The v)144 144 R .118
-(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
-2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)
-5.117 E(def)144 156 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
-(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 168 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 168 R 1.115
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 144 Q F0 .117(The v)144 144 R .117
+(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
+2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)
+5.118 E(def)144 156 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
+(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 168 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 168 R 1.115
(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
-3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR)
-144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0
-.101(The v)144 192 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101
-(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .334
-(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
+3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR)
+144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0 .1
+(The v)144 192 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1
+(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .335
+(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335
-(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F
+(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F
(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 216 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E
(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1
-(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R
+(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R
.664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25
-F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash)
+F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash)
2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5
-(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826
+(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827
(The v)144 276 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
-3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
-(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
+3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
+(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
+(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712
(an escape sequence that is e)144 300 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
-.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
+.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F
(and their meanings are as follo)144 312 Q
(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 330 Q F0 2.5
(Al)194 330 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 342 Q/F3 10
(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 378 Q .87
(The optional)144 394.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
-144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
-(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3
-(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
-F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 430.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
+(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A)
+144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
+(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025
+(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E
+F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 430.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
-F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
-(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365
-(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
-E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
+F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va)
+3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
+(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364
+(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
+E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
144 488.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113
(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113
(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144
512.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 524.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941
(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441
-G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31
-(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F
-.886(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885
+G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311
+(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F
+.885(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886
(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 560.4
S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1
(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1
F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 572.4
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 596.4
-R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55
-G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 632.4
-R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
-(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 644.4 R
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 596.4
+R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39
+(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391
+(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su)
+-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144
+632.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531
+(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53
+(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 644.4 R
.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .366(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.132
+ for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .367(isting stopped job)
+.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366
+(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F
+1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
+668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this)
+3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.133
(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
-6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133
-(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625
+6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132
+(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624
(match the name of a stopped job e)144 692.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884
+-.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625
+(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885
(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 704.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885
-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E
-F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
+-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884
+(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E
+F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)
--.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315
+-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316
(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 728.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
-(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
-F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(18)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
+F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(18)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(identi\214er)144
-84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.07(The tw)
+84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.069(The tw)
144 108 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07
(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok)
--.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR)
--.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715
-(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.216(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)
-3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798
+-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.57 E(OR)
+-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716
+(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.215(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)
+3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G 1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798
(signals the start of a history e)144 132 R .798(xpansion, normally `)
-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F3
(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 144 Q F0
-(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239
-(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24
-(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576
+(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239
+(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239
+(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575
(ing one string for another in the command.)144 156 R .575(The def)5.575
-F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575
-(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\
+F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576
+(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\
that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \
-char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.294
-(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293
-(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F
-.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F
-.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
+char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.293
+(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294
+(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38
+(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379
+(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 204 Q F1(Arrays)87 220.8 Q(Bash)
-108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89
+108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891
(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 244.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
-F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
-.329(an array)108 256.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)
--.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
-5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328
-(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R
+2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
+F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
+.328(an array)108 256.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr)
+-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
+5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329
+(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R
1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595
(xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25
H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108
280.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
(rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15
-(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F
-4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F
-F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A
-F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549
-(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15
-F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349
-E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E
-4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979
-(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E
+(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F
+4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F
+F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A
+F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549
+(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15
+F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348
+E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48
+E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98
+(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E
(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 333.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5
E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3
(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 350.4 Q .3 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18
-G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .94
+G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .941
(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the)
--.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G
-(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E
-(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647
+-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G
+(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute)
+-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647
(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 396 R
F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647
-(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each)
--4.147 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3
+(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each)
+-4.148 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3
(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833
-(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164
+G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832
+(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163
(When assigning to inde)108 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163
(rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163
-(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663
-(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R 3.91
-(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde)
--3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)
--3.911 F(Inde)108 444 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E
-(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15
-E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24
-(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18
-E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239
+(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664
+(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R
+3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411
+(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41
+(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 444 Q
+(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q
+.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)
+-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar)
+2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24
(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108
489.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917
-(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917
+(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917
(hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray)
--4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-)
-4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115
-(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
-2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E
+-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-)
+4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415
+-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115
+(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
+2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E
(of)108 513.6 Q F3(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25
-.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838
(ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838
(nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338
G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 525.6 Q(An)108 542.4 Q
-3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)
--3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075
-(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541
+3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)
+-3.575 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076
+(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542
(con\215icts with pathname e)108 554.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3
(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E
F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541
-(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057
-(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
-(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056
-(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B
-.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521
+(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056
+(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
+(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057
+(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B
+.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52
(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F
-1.375(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375
+1.374(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375
(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375
-(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w)
-3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108
+(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w)
+3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108
602.4 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F
-2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759
+2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758
(within a w)108 614.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759
(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759
-(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108
+(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108
626.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\
-t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016
-F .228(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
+t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015
+F .227(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228
-(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727
+(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728
(\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 650.4
S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A
F0 3.386(]}. If)B F3(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or)
3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886
-(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 662.4
-R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0
+(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 662.4
+R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0
.295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294
-(luates to a number).25 F .628
-(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .928 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F
-3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G
-3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295
+(luates to a number).25 F .629
+(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .929 -.15(ve t)
+-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F
+3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G
+3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(indices count back from the end of the array)108 686.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G
(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108
108 715.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25
E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E
F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768
-Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(19)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
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%%Page: 20 20
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BP
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An array v)108 84
Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E
2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E
-.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\()
-.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918
+.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\()
+.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917
(alues. ${)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A
-F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .75(pand to the indices assigned in array v)
-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749
+(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A
+F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .749
+(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)
+3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75
(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108
124.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5
E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 141.6 Q F1(unset)
-2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1
+2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1
G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A
F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)
--.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475
-(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati)
--3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
+-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474
+(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati)
+-3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
.05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614
-(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614
-(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615
-(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2
-(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5
+G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615
+(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615
+(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614
+(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2
+(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5
E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2
(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0
(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G
-(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848
+(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .847(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848
(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848
-(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C
-(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 206.4 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344
+(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C
+(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 206.4 R .345(ord e)-.1 F .345
(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345
-(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 218.4 Q
+(he ar)-2.845 F .344(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.844 E(name e)108 218.4 Q
(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E
-(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0
-3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G
+(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0
+3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G
1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073
-(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073
-(rray and a)-3.573 F F1<ad41>3.573 E F0 .338
+(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074
+(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339
(option to specify an associati)108 247.2 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray)
.15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,)
-2.838 F F1<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)
-5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441
+5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44
(accepts a)108 259.2 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441
(option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441
(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he)
--5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
(bu)108 271.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 288 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\
ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 300 R 3.26
(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76
-(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
+(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e)
2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369
-(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369
+(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .37
(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 324 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)2.5
E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E
F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E
-.418(The order of e)108 340.8 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418
-(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419
-(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S
-.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F
-.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)
+.419(The order of e)108 340.8 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418
+(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418
+(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S
+.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F
+.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)
-.15 E(sion.)108 364.8 Q .257
(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 381.6 R
.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257
-(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
+(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 393.6 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G
(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.)
--.15 E .003(After these e)108 410.4 R .003
+-.15 E .002(After these e)108 410.4 R .003
(xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w)
--.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002
-(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
+-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003
+(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1
-E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19
+E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191
(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191
-(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F
--.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15
-F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
-(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the)
--.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744
-("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245
-(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F2
-(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545
+(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F
+-.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15
+F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
+(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
+-.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745
+("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245
+(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F2
+(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544
-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 475.2 S
(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 492 Q
F2(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble)
-.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 540 R .563
(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563
(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\
ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \
-resulting string, e)108 552 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
-564 Q .718(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719
+resulting string, e)108 552 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
+564 Q .719(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719
(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
108 592.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
-108 609.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
-(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
-F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)
-3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
--.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
+(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)
+108 609.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742
+(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
+F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)
+3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,)
+-.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G
.532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G
.532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532
-(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
-633.6 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
--2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077
-(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
-(same width.)108 645.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)
-2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108
+633.6 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)
+-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078
+(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015
+(same width.)108 645.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or)
+2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\
empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 657.6 R
6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le)
.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E
F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G
-1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984
-(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983
-(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983
+1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983
+(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983
+(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984
(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference)
-.25 E(between each term.)108 693.6 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108
-710.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
-(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
-(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.209
-(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.209(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209
+(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108
+710.4 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581
+(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581
+(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.208
+(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.208(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209
(It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209
-(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.208
+(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.209
(yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(20)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(20)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(conte)108 84 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132
+-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132
(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\
-t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441
+t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441
(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
(unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E
F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)
--.15 E 2.911(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
+-.15 E 2.91(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41
(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 148.8 Q
(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\
ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0
-.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
-.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515
-(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
+.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
+.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514
+(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436
(If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437
(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
-87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 324 R 1.086(ord be)-.1
-F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087
+87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 324 R 1.087(ord be)-.1
+F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086
('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
\(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .726
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .523
-(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\
+ are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .725
+(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .522
+(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
+-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287
+(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
+(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\
ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .093
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .092
(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 412.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
+(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
+5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 412.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
-.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
-5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.142
-E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641
-(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\
+.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo)
+5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641
+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.141
+E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642
+(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\
ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108
-436.8 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 448.8 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G
-.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
-.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454
+436.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 448.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G
+.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
+.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455
(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F
(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)
108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E
-(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 494.4 R .167
+(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 494.4 R .167
(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)
-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E
-F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E
-.468(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)
--.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467
+F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E
+.467(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .467(xpansion is also performed.)
+-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468
(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108
518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)
-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E
-(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .023
-(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F
-.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .77 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0
-.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469
-(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F
+(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .024
+(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F
+.023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .769 -.15
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0
+.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469
+(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F
-.15(ex)108 559.2 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0
(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2
(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 576 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0
-1.605(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605
-(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606
-(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106
-(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R
-.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406
-(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032
-(tect the v)108 612 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032
-(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033
+1.606(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606
+(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605
+(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105
+(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R
+.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407
+(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033
+(tect the v)108 612 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033
+(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032
(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 624
-Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)
-108 640.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189
-(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15
-(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 652.8 R 2.15
-(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S
-(pansion.).15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205
-(The v)144 693.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F
-F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264
+Q 1.189
+(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757
+(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F
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(ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108
189.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 201.6 Q F2(!)A F1
-(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys)
+(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys)
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4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036
(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E
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-(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595
-(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595
-(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0
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+(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595
+(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596
+(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0
(is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)
-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108
-254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .47
-(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)
--5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471
-(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144
-278.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708
-(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208
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+(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471
+(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)
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(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If)
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(array name subscripted by)144 290.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@)
2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349
-(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349
-(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456
-(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456
-(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455
-(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.272
--.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde)
--3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273
--.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array)
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+-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array)
144 326.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5
G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1
(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 355.2 Q F1
Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F
(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196
(is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F
-.543(name e)144 379.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544
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(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)
-4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)
-144 391.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E
-F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721
-(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721
-(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151
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(then the result of the e)144 403.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F
-1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144
-415.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184
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(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0
-1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E
-F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25
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+(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.019 E
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G .518
(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)
--3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If)
+-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.121(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If)
6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F
1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)
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+3.622 E F0 3.622(,t)C 1.122(he pattern)-3.622 F(remo)144 451.2 Q -.25
(va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03
(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
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480 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 492
Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144
-504 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0
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+504 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0
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(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516
-S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458
-(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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+(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)
--4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q
+-4.592 F 2.093(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.093(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q
(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65
(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F1
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-(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D
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+(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D
1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2
-(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par)
-145.25 564 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2
-(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G
-2.659(lo).25 G .16
-(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51
-(and the e)144 576 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.51
-E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E
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-.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
--2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108
+(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1(par)
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+.25 G .159(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)
+-2.659 F .509(and the e)144 576 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)
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+(lo).25 G .422
+(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
+-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108
616.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0
-(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607
-E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F
-1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)
+(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606
+E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F
+1.107(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)
-.15 E(sion,)144 640.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2
(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E
F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1
-(string)144 652.8 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397
-(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1
-(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E
-4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 664.8 Q F0(be)
-2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069
-(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with)
-2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07
-(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 676.8 R
-F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58
-(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079
-(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 688.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1
-(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0
-3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F
-.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 700.8 Q F0 .958
-(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958
-(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E
-F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F
-F2(nocasematch)144 712.8 Q F0 .492
+(string)144 652.8 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396
+(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F2 -.1
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+(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958
+(If the)5.958 F F2(nocasematch)144 712.8 Q F0 .492
(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.)
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+(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.)
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(he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F
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(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.002
(parameter in turn, and the e)144 84 R 1.002
(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(par)4.752 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002
-(ariable sub-)-.25 F .159(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitutio\
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+(ariable sub-)-.25 F .158(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(@)2.658 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitutio\
n operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F
(the e)144 108 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 124.8 Q
F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F1(par)
A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 148.8 Q F1(par)A
(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(par)A
-(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)
-144 172.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438
+(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)
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(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par)
-2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q
-F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906
-(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 196.8
-S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E
+2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q
+F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407
+(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907
+(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 196.8
+S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E
F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732
(,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144
208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424
-.15(ve)144 220.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F
F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61
(operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F
-1.548(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E
+1.547(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E
F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded)
--.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133
-E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634
-(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78
+-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134
+E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15
+(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633
+(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78
(is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C
.78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78
(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28
E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\
n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 268.8 R
-(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.469 E F1
+(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.468 E F1
(par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E
-F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\
+(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E
+F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\
ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 292.8 Q
(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)
-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 321.6 S .86
(rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86
(xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F
-F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 333.6 R F1
-(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F
-.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153
-E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144
-345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 369.6 R 1.064
+F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 333.6 R F1
+(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F
+.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154
+E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144
+345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 369.6 R 1.065
(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)
-3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F
-(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 393.6 R
+3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F
+(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 393.6 R
.441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F
--.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0
-(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 417.6 R
+(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941
+F -.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E
+F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 417.6 R
1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073
(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E
F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 429.6 Q F2(PR)
-2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.138
+2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.137
(The e)180 441.6 R 1.138
(xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F
-F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q
+F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q
-.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 465.6 Q F0
(The e)180 465.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E
(alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D
-(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581
+(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58
(he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the)
--4.08 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If)
-5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E
-F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E
+-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F
+(If)5.129 E F1(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F
+.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F2(*)2.63 E
+F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E
(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144
-506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849
-(The result of the e)144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F
-1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15
-F(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1
-1.698(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697
-(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697
-(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1
+506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e)
+144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849
+(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F
+(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1
+1.697(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697
+(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698
+(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1
(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 612 Q F2<92>144 624 Q F1(command)A F2
-<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088
-(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0
-.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command)
+<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089
+(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0
+.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command)
-.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an)
108 652.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)
--.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)
+-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b)
108 664.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)
--.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le)
-2.692 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25
+-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le)
+2.691 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25
G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2
(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\
used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 693.6 R(xcept)-.15 E
-.314(when follo)108 705.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2
-<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\
+.315(when follo)108 705.6 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2
+<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\
e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \
-sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.387(using the $\()
-3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386
-(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G
-3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F
+sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.386(using the $\()
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+(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G
+3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F
(mand; none are treated specially)108 729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72
-768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(24)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(24)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 25 25
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F
(quotes with backslashes.)108 96 Q .422
(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 112.8 R .422
-(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15
+(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15
F(on the results.)108 124.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.034
-(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034
-(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035
+(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.035
+(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034
+(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034
(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
(The format for arithmetic e)108 165.6 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()
144 182.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1
-(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0
-.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165
-(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23
-(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231
+(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0
+.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166
+(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231
+(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231
(ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v)
--.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06
-(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F
-1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059
-(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F
--.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 252 R
+-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059
+(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F
+1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06
+(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F
+-.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 252 R
-.25(va)-.25 G 1.378
(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)
-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F
(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
-(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E
+(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E
-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)
2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 280.8 Q
(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 292.8 Q .405(ocess substitution)
-.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405
(nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405
-(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2
-(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
-F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751
+(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2
+(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
+F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751
(is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751
-(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148
+(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147
(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 316.8 R .148
-(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
-F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .559
+(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
+F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .56
(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G
-(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56
-(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .309
+(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559
+(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .308
(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0
-5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)
+5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)
-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 352.8 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt)
-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0
-(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va)
+(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va)
-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\
-h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
+h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 381.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
--.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143
-(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.142
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142
+-.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142
+(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.143
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143
(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 422.4 Q
F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063
(The shell treats each character of)108 439.2 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063
(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w)
-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.)
108 451.2 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F
-.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0
-(,)A .836(the def)108 463.2 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1
-(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1
-(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837
-(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 475.2 R .345
+.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0
+(,)A .837(the def)108 463.2 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1
+(<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1
+(<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836
+(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 475.2 R .345
(vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15
G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345
(characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es)
--.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736
-E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237
+-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737
+E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236
(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108
-499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507
-E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)
--.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92
+499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506
+E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)
+-.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921
(ter is in the v)108 511.2 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)
3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E
-3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921
-(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429
-(along with an)108 523.2 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928
-E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)
-5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428
-(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108
-535.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E
-F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927
-(Explicit null ar)108 552 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0
-(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927
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+(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G
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(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted)
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(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484
-(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15
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(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 588 R .724
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(pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10
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-(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F
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(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 420 Q F0
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be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)
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(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 618 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536
-(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=])
-A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
+180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537
+(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=])
+A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 648 R
(the character)180 660 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 678 S(thin).4 E F1
([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5
E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol)
-2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705
-(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705
-(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108
-706.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
+2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705
+(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704
+(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108
+706.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E
+(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E
F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)
108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(26)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(26)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 27 27
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15
E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E
-.968(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F
-.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
+.969(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F
+.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968
(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23
(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 220.8 R 1.23
(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F
(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108
232.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 249.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1
-E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.112
+E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.113
(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
-3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3
+3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
+1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3
-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 290.4 Q F0 .545
(Before a command is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405
(by the shell.)108 314.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\
ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)
--.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \
-the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019
-(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215
+-.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\
+ the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02
+(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215
(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 338.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E
-.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108
-350.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0
-.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G
-.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5
+.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108
+350.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0
+.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G
+.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5
(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\
h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\
-stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)
+stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)
108 391.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 403.2
-S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179
-F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 403.2 S
+.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F
+F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 415.2 Q
-F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2
-(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599
-(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238
-(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238
-(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F
-(himself.)108 439.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 456 R .283(wing description\
-s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\
-r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)3.012 E F0
-3.012(,t)C .512
+F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599
+(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2
+(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F
+1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo)
+-.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)
+-.25 F(himself.)108 439.2 Q .283(In the follo)108 456 R .284(wing descr\
+iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\
+aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)
+3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
(redirection operator is)108 480 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 496.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462
-(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463
-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 520.8 R
-.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F
+-2.5 E .824(The w)108 496.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
+(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463
+(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462
+(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 520.8 R
+.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F
.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
-F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1
+F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1
(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 549.6 Q -.15
(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 566.4 Q F1(>)2.5
E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527
(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
(output before the standard output w)108 628.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
--.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 657.6 R .977
-(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
-(is running pro)3.478 F .978
+F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
+-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
+(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 657.6 R .978
+(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
+(is running pro)3.478 F .977
(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F
(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 669.6 Q
(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15
E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 698.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(27)
-194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E
+(27)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 28 28
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr)
-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q
(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180
-168 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
-(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host)
-2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
-(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108
232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
--2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
-an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
-(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F
+-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
+an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
+(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F
(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2
(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output)
--.18 E F0 .175
+-.18 E F0 .174
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 364.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
-(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8
-R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
-.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F
+108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
+(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8
+R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
-.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
-(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
-.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 451.2 R
-.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
-(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
-5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
+(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
+.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R
+.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
+(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
+5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
+(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
+492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.974 E F0
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0
2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0
-.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0
+.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q
F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor)
+E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor)
2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)
--.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G
-.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q
+-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G
+.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q
F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(28)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(28)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 29 29
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)
--.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\
+-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\
utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\
scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)
108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E
192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \
-a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614
-(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
+a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E
F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])
A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q
-(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108
+(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108
319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302
(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108
331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715
-.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415
(is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415
(is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n)
--2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774
+-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773
(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274
-(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59
+(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59
(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59
(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59
(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5
E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0
(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
+E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)
C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G
-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q
-F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
+F2(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S
-1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
+1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\
+(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375
+(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .374(wline appended\
, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)
108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E
F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)
-108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
+108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E
-F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
+F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)
-2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0
-2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149
-(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
-2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q
+568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
+2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
+2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E
+F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
+2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
+(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q
(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 .443
+(d)-.37 E F0 .444
(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R
-(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)
-4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)
-3.09
3 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
+(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)
+4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
+utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)
+3.09
4 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254
(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0
-.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E
-.96
6(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
-3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965
+.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E
+.96
5(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
+3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966
(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
-3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(29)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(29)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 30 30
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)
108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2
-(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535
-(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535
-(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)
--3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2
-(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5
+(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
+(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536
+(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)
+-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2
+(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5
E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
(Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2
-(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
-2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
-.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2
+(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
+2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
+.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
(Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
(The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)
A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174
-E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
-(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173
+E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
+(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0
-(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
-1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
-(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
-F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
-(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
-(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
-F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0
-1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
--3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
-(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119
-(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
-1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
-(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
-F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
-(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
-(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
-3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542
-(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne)
--3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0
+(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
+F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
+E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
+(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
+(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
+(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
+(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
+F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0
+1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
+-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
+(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12
+(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
+1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
+(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
+F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
+(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
+.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
+.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
+(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
+3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543
+(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne)
+-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1
(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .435
+E .436
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1
-(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338
+506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
+(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337
(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
-(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337
-(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 530.4 S .904
-(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
+(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338
+(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 530.4 S .904
+(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904
-(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162
+(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161
(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
-1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277
+1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277
(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277
(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha)
-2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108
-566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F
+2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108
+566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F
.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\
-n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612
-(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .613
+n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613
+(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .612
(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2
-(av)108 590.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15
+(av)108 590.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058
-(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058
+(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059
(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108
602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2
S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3
-(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.467(As)108 648 S .967
-(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
+(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.468(As)108 648 S .968
+(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 660 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
-ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315
+.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 660 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
+ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316
(mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316
-(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036
-(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
-(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035
-F .639(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
+2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315
+(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035
+(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
+(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
+F .64(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 708 R
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-(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F
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(All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25
(cution en).15 F 1.25
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
-1.215(these e)108 96 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(DEB)3.715 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715
-E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0
--.2(bu)3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 108 S
-(IL).09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479
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(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E
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(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
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F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .656
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(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local)
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(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I)
--.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F2(local)
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(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.)
--.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F
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-208.8 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\
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+-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F
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+208.8 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \
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(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688
(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688
-(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .727
-(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727
-(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E
-3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G
-.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 261.6 R .007
+(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .726
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+(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E
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(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007
(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.)
-108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
-(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813
-(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 285.6 Q
-2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.)
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(hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65
-F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
+F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
108 297.6 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E
(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108
-314.4 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
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--2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from)
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(y)-.15 E(global v)108 338.4 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483
-(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482
-(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19
+(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482
+(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483
+(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19
(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 367.2 R .19
(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19
(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f)
--5.19 E 2.721(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\
- unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \
-func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .013
-(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014
-(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014
-(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v)
+-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \
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+unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .014
+(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014
+(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013
+(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v)
108 403.2 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F
-3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566
+3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567
(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 415.2 Q
-(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0
--.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
+(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0
+-.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108
444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.)
--.15 E .044(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
+-.15 E .043(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.011
+.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.012
(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G
-1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012
-(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 484.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213
-(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213
+1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011
+(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 484.8 R
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+(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
(alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter)
108 496.8 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)
--2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358
+-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359
(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 513.6 R F2
<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E
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3.39(mands. The)108 525.6 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2
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(deleted using the)108 561.6 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2
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(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141
3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141
(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 602.4 Q .3
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-(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E F0
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-(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F
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1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357
-.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057
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(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 667.2 R(vity)-.25 E
3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829
-(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F
-(lo)108 679.2 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)
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(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10
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-(unary minus and plus)144 132 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0
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(logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108
156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0
(multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108
F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68
(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4
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(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter)
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-(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466
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(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R 1.258
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2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832
(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632
-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)
-2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q
+2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q
(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406
(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 465.6
-R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.)
--.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112
-(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)
-2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534
-(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534
-(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533
-(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108
-501.6 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
-(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513
-(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943
-(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base)
-3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942
+R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.)
+-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113
+(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)
+2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533
+(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533
+(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534
+(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108
+501.6 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513
+(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512
+(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942
+(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base)
+3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943
(wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F
(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q
-.234(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234
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(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234
-(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235
+(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234
(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S
(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256
-(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255
+(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)
2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)
-2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F
-.77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77
-(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77
-(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426
-(unary or binary primaries.)108 607.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426
-(handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426
-(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426
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-(the operating system on which)108 619.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193
-(is running pro)2.693 F .193
-(vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F
-.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 631.2 R .589
-(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589
-(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 643.2 Q
-(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F1(n)
-2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1
-(\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417
-(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin)
--.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 655.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1
-(/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C
-(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5
-(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722
+2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F
+1.234(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R 1.234
+(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)6.234 E
+F2(test)3.733 E F0(abd)3.733 E F2([)3.733 E F0 1.233
+(commands determine their)3.733 F(beha)108 607.2 Q .996
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+(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 3.497(yo)
+-.15 G .997(ther com-)-3.497 F(mand-speci\214c actions.)108 619.2 Q .235
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+(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.234 E F0 .234
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+(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)2.926 E
+(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.926(,t)C .426(hen \214le descriptor)-2.926 F F1(n)
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+(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.529 F(ti)108 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
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--.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)
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-(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
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-(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0
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96 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)
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384 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144
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420 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144
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(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f>
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(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4
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4(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0
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(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64
(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.)
R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58
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-(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he)
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(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F
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9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F
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3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0
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(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.)
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-(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 336 R .15
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372 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)
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Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E
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-(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458
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312 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
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-(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16
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(ground processes are allo)108 348 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66
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436.8 R(to)108 448.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
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--.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948
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(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
108 484.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 501.6 R .777
(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1
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(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F
F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is)
--2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495
+-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495
(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
-(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494
-(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 585.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0
-5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1
-(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788
-(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E
-.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 597.6 R F1
+(The)5.495 E F3(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495
+(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 585.6 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0
+5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1
+(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787
+(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E
+.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 597.6 R F1
(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa)
--.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre)
-108 609.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411
-(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411
+-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411
+(and the pre)108 609.6 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0
+5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41
(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(rent job)108 621.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444
+(rent job)108 621.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443
(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 638.4 R
-(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
--.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
-(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
-650.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
-(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F
+(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for)
+-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C
+(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
+650.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
+(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F
(equi)108 662.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
-.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F
-(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
-(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
-.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158
-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148
-(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15
-(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F
+.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)
+5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131
+(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
+.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157
+(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157
+(option to)2.657 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147
+(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148
+(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15
+(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 715.2 Q(xits.)
--.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(37)194.555 E 0 Cg
+-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(37)190.395 E 0 Cg
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .032
-(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.532
-E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G
-2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 96 R F1(shopt)
-4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F
-2.019(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019
-(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
-108 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459
-(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a)
-5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .033
+(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.533
+E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G
+2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032
+(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 96 R F1
+(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019
+(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02
+(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02
+(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
+108 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458
+(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a)
+5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644
-(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .644
-(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0
-(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 160.8 R F1
+(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645
+(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .645
+(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0
+(will)3.144 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 160.8 R F1
<ad66>2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F1(wait)2.928 E F0 .428
(to w)2.928 F .428(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F
(before returning.)108 172.8 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 189.6 Q
-(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
-(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E
+(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645
+(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E
F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)
-3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428
-(and the secondary prompt)108 213.6 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427
-(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E
-F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037
-(it reads a command b)108 225.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E
-F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038
-(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
2(mand when the)108 237.6 R F1<ad78>
-3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
+3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427
+(and the secondary prompt)108 213.6 R F3(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427
+(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F1(Bash)5.428 E
+F0(displays)2.928 E F3(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038
+(it reads a command b)108 225.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.038(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.537 E
+F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037
+(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
1(mand when the)108 237.6 R F1<ad78>
+3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a)
-.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \
as follo)108 249.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 261.6 Q F0
(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 261.6 Q F1(\\d)144 273.6 Q F0
(the date in "W)180 273.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 285.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)
-A F1(})A F0(the)180 297.6 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)
-3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427
+A F1(})A F0(the)180 297.6 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)
+3.927 F F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427
(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
309.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
144 477.6 Q F0(the v)180 477.6 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 489.6 Q F0(the release of)180 489.6 Q
F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .116
-(the current w)180 501.6 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G
-(ith)-2.616 E F3($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115
-(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)
+(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .115
+(the current w)180 501.6 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G
+(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116
+(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)
180 513.6 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E
F1(\\W)144 525.6 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 525.6 Q
(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0
(\\[)144 597.6 Q F0(be)180 597.6 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\
characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
(control sequence into the prompt)180 609.6 Q F1(\\])144 621.6 Q F0
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .12
+(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .119
(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 638.4 R
-.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\
-on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\
-story \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\
+n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
+tory \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
(belo)108 662.4 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
- the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54
+ the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541
(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 674.4 R
.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
-(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852
+(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852
F(description of the)108 698.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(38)194.555 E 0 Cg
+-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(38)190.395 E 0 Cg
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .15
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .151
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 96 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209
-(is gi)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209
-(hell in)-3.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
-(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F2<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208
-(option to the)3.708 F F2 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G
-3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851
+108 96 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)
+108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)
+-3.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
+(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F2<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209
+(option to the)3.709 F F2 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G
+3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F
-3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852
+3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851
(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 132 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E
-.762(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)
+(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E
+.763(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)
-.8 G .763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
-(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E
+(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.262 E
(emacs)108 156 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2
(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 172.8 Q
F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
108 184.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1
-(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R
-(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
-(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653
-(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)
-108 208.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)
-3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F
-F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13
--.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65
-(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .599
-(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599
-(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599
-(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G
-.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F
-(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4
-(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62
-(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G
-(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619
-(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108
-261.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G
-3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
+(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R
+(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
+(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652
+(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)
+108 208.8 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G
+2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33
+E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1
+H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05
+H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0
+.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)
+-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599
+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
+.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
+(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
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-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018
(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
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-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q
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+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 302.4 R F4
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(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
-(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 314.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
+(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811
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F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4
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108 338.4 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 355.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\
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513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 525.6
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-4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F
-1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144
-228 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)
--.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 240 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884
-(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 252 R F1
-(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 264 Q F1
+(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)4.079 E
+F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)
+-4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5
+(type. The)144 228 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1
+E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E
+(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 240 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E
+F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 252 R F1
+(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 264 Q F1
(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\))
108 276 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\
-e matches when performing completion.)144 288 R .193(The v)144 300 R
+e matches when performing completion.)144 288 R .194(The v)144 300 R
.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \
-screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F
+screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F
(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 312 Q(The def)5 E
(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 324 Q
(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C
(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\
siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1
-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 360 R
+(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 360 R
F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E
(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093
-(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093
+(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094
(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 372 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E
.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1
(completion\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0
.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\
-ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.275
-(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274
-(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274
+ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.274
+(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274
+(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275
(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 420 S(lue are replaced with an \
ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .529
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .53
-(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
-144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061
-F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v)
--.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 468 R
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .53
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .529
+(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
+144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
+.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
+-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 468 R
.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237
+the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237
(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 492 Q F1(con)108 504
-Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)
-3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
-(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
+Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)
+3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
+(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F
+144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F
(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2
(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f)
-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1
(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211
-(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G
-1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
+(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21
+(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211
+(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141
+(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .142
(Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0
-(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0
+.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0
+(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0
(can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672
-R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G
-.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
+F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .517(If the)144 672
+R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G
+.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
.25 F .622
(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F
-.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G
-.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F
-.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798
+R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F
+.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G
+.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F
+.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798
(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298
(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F
(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
-144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(41)194.555 E 0
+144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(41)190.395 E 0
Cg EP
%%Page: 42 42
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.222
+SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221
(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221
(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221
(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353
(paste into the editing b)144 108 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\
-g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544
+g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543
(it had been read from the k)144 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This)
-.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543
+.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544
(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.)
-144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
+144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893
(When set to)144 156 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
+.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
(tems need this to enable the arro)144 168 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 180 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 240 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)
-3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \
-the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)
+3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \
+the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .949
+(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .948
(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
-3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948
-(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482
-(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483
-(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v)
-2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278
-(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.278 F
-.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277
-(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F
-3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)
-3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E
+3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949
+(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483
+(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483
+(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v)
+2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277
+(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.277 F
+.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278
+(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411
+F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41
+F(alue,)-.25 E
(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 336 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
-(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
-(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
+(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448
+(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
+(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
ne)144 372 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 384 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 396
-Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\
+Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\
e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\
-it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga)
+it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga)
-.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
-.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)
-144 432 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)
+.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)
+144 432 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)
-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864
-(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364
-(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1
+(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365
+(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1
(isear)108 456 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))
-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\
ental search without subsequently e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E
-.935(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
-.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934
-(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2
+.934(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
+.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
+(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2
(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
-108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 516
-R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
-(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069
+108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144
+516 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
+(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02
+(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068
(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 528 R F0 2.568(,a)C
(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068
(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)
-2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25
-G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C
+2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25
+G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C
1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs)
4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25
+(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25
E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 564 S
-(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R
+(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R
F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367
-(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s)
+(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s)
-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 588 R
1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)
--.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea)
--.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62
+-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea)
+-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62
-.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re)
-2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907
+2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907
(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25
-(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907
+(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906
(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 624 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline)
.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1
F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 636 R(alue,)-.25
E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
-(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed)
--2.552 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
+(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed)
+-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 660 Q(ectories \(On\))
-.18 E F0(If set to)144 672 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.)
.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 684 Q F0(If set to)144
696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1
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(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
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(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 144 R .456
(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
--2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
+-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 156 Q F1
(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 168 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
-1.585(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
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ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
--4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q
+-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q
(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 204 Q F0
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-ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 228 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
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(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E
(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)
-3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144
-240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 264
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+240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 264
R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2
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(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
(tions at a time.)144 276 Q F1
-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.318
-(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\
-play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818
+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.319
+(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\
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F(order)144 312 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25
E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 324 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E
-F0 .699(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699
+F0 .698(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699
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--3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 348 S
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2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186
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-F0 .304(This alters the def)144 384 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
+F0 .303(This alters the def)144 384 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304
(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On)
-2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
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(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 396 R(bell.)144 408 Q F1
-(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346
-(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
-(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to)
--.1 F F1(sho)144 444 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C
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+(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345
+(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
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(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691
-(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 456 R 3.54
+(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 456 R 3.539
(yp)-.15 G 1.039
-(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F
-3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\
-es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1
-(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021
-(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022
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+(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F
+3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\
+s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1
+(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022
+(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022
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(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F
(command, or vi insertion.)144 504 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E
(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1
-(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 528 R
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-(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094
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(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 540 Q
-2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046
-(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1
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(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1
-(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 576 Q F0 .517(If the)144
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+.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
.25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)
-144 600 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475
-(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 612 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F
-3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236
-(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 624 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F
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+(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.235
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-144 636 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 648 Q F0 .517
-(If the)144 660 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
--.25(va)3.017 G .518
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(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25
F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)
+SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)
3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346
(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
(when listing possible completions.)144 108 Q F1
(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 124.8 Q F0 .05
(Readline implements a f)108 136.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
-he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096
-(which allo)108 148.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
+he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097
+(which allo)108 148.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
(indings and v).15 F .096
-(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
+(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096
(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.963
-E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\
+(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.962
+E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\
he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F
(or the application using readline.)144 189.6 Q(The te)5 E
(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E
(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 201.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\
erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode)
-144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)
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+144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)
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(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F
3.065(mode. This)180 230.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)
3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565
F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)
3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F
(out in emacs mode.)180 254.4 Q F1(term)144 271.2 Q F0(The)180 271.2 Q
-F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696
-(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15
-(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 283.2 R
+F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696
+(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15
+(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 283.2 R
.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154
(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 295.2 Q F1(=)3.232
-E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
+(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 295.2 Q F1(=)3.231
+E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180
307.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0
2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 324 S(rsion).1 E F0(The)
-180 336 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608
-(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609
+180 336 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608
+(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608
(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 348 Q F1 -.1
-(ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428
-(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428
-(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 360 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0
-2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1
+(ve)3.928 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.928 G 1.428
+(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.429
+(set of comparison operators)3.929 F(includes)180 360 Q F1(=)2.606 E F0
+2.606(,\()C(and)-2.606 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1
(<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd)
-2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106
-(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472
+(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.471
(of the operator consists of a major v)180 372 R 1.471(ersion number)
--.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471
-(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 384 R
-.766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B
-.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A
-1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve)
-4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number)
+-.15 F 3.972(,a)-.4 G 3.972(no)-3.972 G 1.472
+(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.972 F .767(optional minor v)180 384 R
+.767(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.267 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B
+.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.266 E F0(.)A
+1.755(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve)
+4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.756(and from the v)4.256 F 1.756(ersion number)
-.15 F(ar)180 408 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144
424.8 Q F0(The)180 436.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503
(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F
.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180
448.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114
-(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180
-460.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397
-(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396
+(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v)
+180 460.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F
+.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F
+.396(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396
(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8
+(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8
Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 508.8 Q F0
(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 520.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)
-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 532.8 Q F1($endif)180
-544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E
-F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276
-(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v)
--.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180
+544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.777 E
+F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276
+(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v)
+-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180
585.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2
-(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079
+(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08
(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\
-or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .13
-(the v)180 609.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F
-.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F
+or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .129
+(the v)180 609.6 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25
+F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F
(tested. Boolean v)180 621.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E
(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f)
-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 638.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)
(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 655.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)
144 655.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 672
-Q F0 .356(This directi)144 684 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356
-(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357
+Q F0 .357(This directi)144 684 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357
+(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356
(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F)
144 696 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3
-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1
($include)144 720 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 96 R .835
+SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 96 R .834
(vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F
-/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E
-.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q
+/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E
+.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q
(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(incr)2.51 E(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F3(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)
--.37 E F0(.).51 E .697(Incremental searches be)108 124.8 R .697
+-.37 E F0(.).51 E .698(Incremental searches be)108 124.8 R .698
(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F
-.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113
+.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112
(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 136.8 R .112
(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1
-E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542
+E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542
(incremental search requires only as man)108 148.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G
.542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F
-5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224
+5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224
(acters present in the v)108 160.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)
2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224
(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66
(If that v)108 172.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25
-F .097(mental search.)108 184.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\
-tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096
-(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\
-e search string becomes the current line.)108 196.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)
+F .096(mental search.)108 184.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\
+tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097
+(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\
+e search string becomes the current line.)108 196.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)
108 213.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\
-ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675
-(search backw)108 225.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675
-(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674
-(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674
-(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 237.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1
+ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674
+(search backw)108 225.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674
+(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675
+(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675
+(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 237.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1
H .174
(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E
-.541(instance, a)108 249.6 R F3(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
-(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 261.6
-Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 278.4
-R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)
--3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E
-(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 290.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E
+.54(instance, a)108 249.6 R F3(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
+(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108
+261.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108
+278.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653
+(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E
+(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 290.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.)
-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\
re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 307.2 R(The searc\
h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\
-rent line.)108 319.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 336 Q F0 1.391
+rent line.)108 319.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 336 Q F0 1.392
(The follo)108 348 R 1.391
(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
-3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 360 R .122
-(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1
-H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121
-(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 372 Q F3(point)3.41 E
-F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F3(mark)3.411 E
-F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db)
-.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 384 Q F0 2.5
+3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 360 R .121
+(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1
+H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122
+(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 372 Q F3(point)3.411 E
+F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F3(mark)3.411
+E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db)
+.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 384 Q F0 2.5
(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E
(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re)
2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1
-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1
(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 484.8 Q F0(Mo)144 496.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b)
-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 508.8 S(rward\255w)
-.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
-.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)
--.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F
+.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
+.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)
+-.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F
(ters and digits\).)144 532.8 Q F1(backward\255w)108 544.8 Q
(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 556.8 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41
(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91
(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984
(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)
-.8 F(ters.)144 604.8 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E
-F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609
+F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609
(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109
-(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F
+(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F
(metacharacters.)144 640.8 Q F1(pr)108 652.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G
-(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 664.8 R
-1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891(oint to the same ph).15 F .891
-(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89
+(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .89(Attempt to mo)144 664.8 R
+1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89(oint to the same ph).15 F .891
+(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .891(vious ph)-.25 F .891
(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 676.8 R 1.17 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87
(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G
3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 688.8 Q(ysical line or \
if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\
-idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 700.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638
-(Attempt to mo)144 712.8 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638
-(oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F
-.637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)
+idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 700.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637
+(Attempt to mo)144 712.8 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637
+(oint to the same ph).15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F
+.638(xt ph)-.15 F .638(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha)
144 724.8 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009
(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G
-2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(45)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
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(current line without clearing the screen.)144 132 Q F1 -.18(re)108 144
S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144
156 Q F1(Commands f)87 172.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E
-(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 184.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159
-(Accept the line re)144 196.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159
+(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 184.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158
+(Accept the line re)144 196.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158
(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty)
-5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699
+5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699
(according to the state of the)144 208.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F
.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F
.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5
(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18
(re v)108 328.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0
-1.471(Search backw)144 340.8 R 1.471
-(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47
+1.47(Search backw)144 340.8 R 1.471
+(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471
(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E
(This is an incremental search.)144 352.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 364.8 S
-(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131
-(Search forw)144 376.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)
--.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)
+(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132
+(Search forw)144 376.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)
+-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)
-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 388.8 Q F1
(non\255incr)108 400.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H
-(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)
+(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)
144 412.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\
sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 424.8 S
(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 436.8 Q
(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18
-E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 448.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \
+E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 448.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \
a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144
460.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 472.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)
--.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 484.8 R .249(ard through the history for\
+-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 484.8 R .249(ard through the history for\
the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F
(and the point.)144 496.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1
-(history\255sear)108 508.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)
+(history\255sear)108 508.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)
144 520.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\
etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 532.8 Q
(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)
-108 544.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 556.8 R .951
-(ard through the history for the string of characters between the start\
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-144 568.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B
-.007(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F
-2.5(line. This)144 580.8 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1
+108 544.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 556.8 R .951(\
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(history\255substring\255sear)108 592.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E
-F0 .249(Search forw)144 604.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\
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-(and the point.)144 616.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F
-.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental)
-5.319 F(search.)144 628.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 640.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1
+F0 .248(Search forw)144 604.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\
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+(and the point.)144 616.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F
+.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental)
+5.318 F(search.)144 628.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 640.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1
G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 652.8 R .622
(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25
-F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144
-664.8 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.294 E F0
+F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144
+664.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.294 E F0
3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794
-(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795
-(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 676.8 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292
+(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794
+(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 676.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291
(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)
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-(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291
-(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 688.8 R .281(vious command.)
--.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281
-(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282
+(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292
+(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 688.8 R .282(vious command.)
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(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 700.8 Q
(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
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SF(yank\255last\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F
--1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308(Insert the last ar)144 96 R 1.308
-(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307
-(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 108
-S .203(th a numeric ar).4 F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2
+-1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307(Insert the last ar)144 96 R 1.307
+(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308
+(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 108
+S .204(th a numeric ar).4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2
H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0
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-(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 120 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15
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+(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 120 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15
H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E
-1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 132 R(An)6.396 E
-3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397
-(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls)
-.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 144 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15
-H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G
-(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491
+1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 132 R(An)6.396 E
+3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396
+(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls)
+.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 144 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15
+H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G
+(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492
(ument switches the direction).18 F .494
(through the history \(back or forw)144 156 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494
(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144
168 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)
--.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 180 Q F0 .623
+-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 180 Q F0 .622
(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 192 R .622
-(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622
+(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623
(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 204 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5
(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25
(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G
(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
-(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 216 Q F0 .938
+(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 216 Q F0 .939
(Perform history e)144 228 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
(See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E
-(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-)
--3.439 F(tion of history e)144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
-108 252 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.627
-(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F2
-(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
+(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-)
+-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
+108 252 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.626
+(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2
+(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
(belo)144 276 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E
-(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .394
-(Perform alias e)144 300 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
-(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1
+(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .395
+(Perform alias e)144 300 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
+(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1
(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 324 Q F0
(Perform history and alias e)144 336 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 348 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 360 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .948
+(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .947
(Accept the current line for e)144 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
-(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729
-(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F
+(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15
+(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73
+(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F
.729
(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of)
-.18 F(the current line.)144 408 Q F1
(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E
2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87
460.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 472.8
-Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798
+Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799
(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 484.8 R .799
-(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299
-(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592
+(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298
+(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592
(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 496.8 R
-.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
+.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
(as the end of input and returns)144 508.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1
-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .441
+(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .442
(Delete the character at point.)144 532.8 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1
-(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
+(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1
+(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
-108 556.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R
+108 556.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R
5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
-(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
-(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1
--.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
-(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
+(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553
+(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1
+-.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474
+(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F
(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 616.8 Q F1
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144
640.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279
-G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278
-(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
+G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279
+(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0
(Insert a tab character)144 676.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1
(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 688.8 Q F0
(Insert the character typed.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(47)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(47)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .321
+SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .322
(Drag the character before point forw)144 96 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322
-(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
+-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321
+(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 108
-R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05
+R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 120 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3
-.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
-(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
-144 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
--.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
--2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
+(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144
+144 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)
+-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F
(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 156 Q 2.5
(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 168 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180
+(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180
R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699
(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E
(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 204 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.647
-(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
-(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
-(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.648
+(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148
+(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15
+(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre)
-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 240 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252
+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252
R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975
(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 264 S(rd, b).1
E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 276
-S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
-(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
-(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 300 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
--.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
-(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi)
-4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
-F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895
-(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 324 R -.15(ove)3.969 G
-1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E
-F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F
-.957(pushing the te)144 336 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
-(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0
-.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q
-(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87
-364.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0
-(Kill the te)144 388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
+S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438
+(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437
+(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
+(Wi)144 300 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15
+(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.)
+-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1
+(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G
+1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G
+(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144
+324 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1
+(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469
+(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 336 R .958
+(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1
+(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457
+F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q(By def)5 E
+(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 364.8 Q
+(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144
+388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 400.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
144 412.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 436.8
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 448.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .728
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
+460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .729
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 496.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 508.8 Q
(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 520.8 Q(ord behind point.)
-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 532.8 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8
-R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S
+(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8
+R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
+.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
108 568.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 580.8 R 3.025
(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
5.525 E(ward\255w)144 592.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 604.8 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .364
-(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
-F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
-628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .365
+(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1
+F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144
+628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)
144 652.8 R .166
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q
+-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q
(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 676.8 Q F0
(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 688.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
700.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 712.8 Q(xt in the current re)
--.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(48)
-194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(48)
+190.395 E 0 Cg EP
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SF(copy\255r)108 84 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 2.5(yt)
-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2
E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1(copy\255backward\255w)108 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0
-(Cop)144 120 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3
+(Cop)144 120 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301
(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55
-G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
-(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144
-Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008
-(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25
-F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G
+G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)
+4.8 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144 Q
+(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007
+(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25
+F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G
(ward\255w)144 168 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 180 Q F0 -1
(Ya)144 192 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E
(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 204 Q F0
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367
(Add this digit to the ar)144 256.8 R .367
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
+(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 268.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 280.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F0 .779(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
-3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
+E F0 .778(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
+3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
304.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
316.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 340.8 R 1.23
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 352.8 R .822
+-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 352.8 R .823
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
-(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
+(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F
(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 364.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing)
87 381.6 Q(complete \(T)108 393.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 405.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
--.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
--.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
-.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 429.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
+-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
+-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
+.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
+144 429.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
+(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 441.6 Q F1
(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 453.6 Q F0
-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 477.6 Q F0 .783
(Insert all completions of the te)144 489.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
-501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
-525.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
+.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
+501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
+525.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.193(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
+1.194(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
+(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 549.6 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
(\(subject to the setting of)144 561.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
-E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
+E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
(positions forw)144 573.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 633.6 Q F0 .234
(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 645.6 R
.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
-2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15
+2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 669.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 705.6 Q
F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72
-768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(49)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(49)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 50 50
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 204 Q F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .58
(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 R .581
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
-(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R
+(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
+(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
(\214nally e)144 264 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 276 Q F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
(Attempt completion on the te)144 312 R .425
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
(for possible completion matches.)144 324 Q F1(dab)108 336 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
+-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 348 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 360 Q F1
(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 372 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
- appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
-E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
-F0(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
+G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
+ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
+(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0
+(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1
(Miscellaneous)87 537.6 Q -.18(re)108 549.6 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
-(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
-1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
-(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.248
+(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
+(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0
+1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777
+(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
+573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.249
(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 597.6 R
-5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
+5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
(bell\255style)144 609.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 621.6 Q(wer)-.1 E
(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x)
-4.239 E F0 1.739
-(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x)
+4.238 E F0 1.739
+(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238
F(meta\214ed lo)144 645.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)
2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 657.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
(return the line to its initial state.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(50)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(50)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 51 51
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144
-144 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+144 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
+2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 180 S
-.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
+(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 180 S
+.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
+(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 216 S 1.044
-(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 216 S 1.043
+(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
+(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.826
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.827
(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 264 R .791
-(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
+-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
+4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 264 R .791
+(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
-(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n)
--.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
+.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
+(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n)
+-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\
y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)
--.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0
--.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .245
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
-(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
+312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
+(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
+(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .244
+(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245
+(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322
(the characters at the be)144 348 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1
-(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
-(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
+(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is)
+-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1
+(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
+(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .84
-(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
+(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
+1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .839
+(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 408 Q
-(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 420 R .791
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792
+(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 420 R .791
+(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791
(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 432
R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\
le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))
--.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 456 R .176
+-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 456 R .176
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 468 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
.872(the line is redra)144 516 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
-5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .626
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
+5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 564 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 576 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 600 R .304
+1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799
+(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.)
+-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 600 R .304
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
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-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
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(\214le.)144 660 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 672 Q
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712.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
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EP
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112.8 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
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(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
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-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 218.4 R
-.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 230.4 R .595
-(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596
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(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
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-(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E
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-(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F
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-(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 348 Q
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-F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209
-(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 360 Q
-(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237
-(After these matches ha)108 376.8 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237
-(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E
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+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 384 Q
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(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
-(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2
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-(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158
-(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108
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-(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C
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-(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)
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-R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629
-(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629
-(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 460.8 R
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+(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w)
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+(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 472.8
+R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629
+(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628
+(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 484.8 R
+.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\
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-108 472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437
-(unction speci\214ed with)-2.93
7 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F
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+(unction speci\214ed with)-2.93
8 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437
(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437
-(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1
-(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756
--.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456
+(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 525.6 Q F1
+(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756
+-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108
-513.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25
-E(Ne)108 530.4 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08
-(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081
-(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na)
--2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 542.4
-R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\
-d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108
-554.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376
-(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 571.2 R
-2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877
-E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 583.2 R
-.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681
-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681
-(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522
-(the w)108 595.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G
-(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523
+537.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25
+E(Ne)108 554.4 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081
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+(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)
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+-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 566.4 R
+.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \
+output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108
+578.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377
+(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 595.2 R
+2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876
+E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 607.2 R
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+(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682
+(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523
+(the w)108 619.2 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
+(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522
(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 607.2 R
-(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849
-(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading)
--3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764
+-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 631.2
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+(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1
+(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 643.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764
(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764
(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 631.2 Q F0
+3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 655.2 Q F0
(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108
-648 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F
+672 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F
.587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1
<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087
F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion c\
-ode as the list of possible completions.)108 660 Q .246(If the pre)108
-676.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)
+ode as the list of possible completions.)108 684 Q .247(If the pre)108
+700.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)
-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)
--.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)
-108 688.8 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E
-(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462
-(If the)108 705.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)
-2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462
-(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1
-F(pletion is attempted and an)108 717.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
-(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(52)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
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(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014
-(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 220.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F
+(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 237.6 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F
.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E
-(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 237.6 R 1.305
+(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 254.4 R 1.306
(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\
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-(commands, insert the ar)108 249.6 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209
+ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209
+(commands, insert the ar)108 266.4 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21
(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
-278.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\
-s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 290.4 S .252
+F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 278.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108
+295.2 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\
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(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251
-(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251
-(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .145
-(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\
+(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252
+(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 319.2 Q .146
+(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\
rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\
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-r inclusion into the current one.)108 314.4 R .766
-(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 326.4 R/F4
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253
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+(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 343.2 R/F4
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(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F4(wor)
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--.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539
-(able to manipulate the selected w)108 338.4 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F
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--.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 350.4
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0
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+(able to manipulate the selected w)108 355.2 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F
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.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)
--.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 362.4 R .355
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(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!)
-3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108
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-(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F
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+(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79
+(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F
(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\
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-(string.)108 398.4 Q(Se)108 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
+tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 403.2 R
+(string.)108 415.2 Q(Se)108 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 427.2 T
-3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
-.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)
--.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2
-(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E
-F0(will also inhibit e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 456 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609
-E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11
-(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 468 R F2
+F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 444 T 3.162
+(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662
+(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)-.25
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+-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E F0
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+(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 484.8 R F2
(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143
(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt)
3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2
--.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\
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-1.516(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0
-1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.)
--.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515
-(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202
-(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
+-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\
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+(is reloaded into the)108 508.8 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0
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+(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 520.8 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0
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(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)
-3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 516 S -.25(ff).2 G
-1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161
-(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16
-(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 528 S
-.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 E
-F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056
-(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
-(end of the history list without actually e)108 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161
+(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 544.8
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+E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G
+.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
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(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 556.8 R 2.2
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(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e)
--.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108
-568.8 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder)
-.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147
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-(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 580.8 Q F2
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-(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 638.4
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-(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F
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(The entire command line typed so f)144 156 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75
-(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.313
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3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
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($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
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-(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301
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2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
F2(n)108.36 261.6 Q F0(The)144 261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
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F1(%)108 309.6 Q F0(The w)144 309.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?)
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-.315(All of the w)144 333.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2
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F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815
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-(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
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-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108
357.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 357.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
<78ad>108 369.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 369.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0
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-(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .184
-(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183
-(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183
+(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .183
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(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 427.2 Q F1(h)108
444 Q F0(Remo)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
(Quote the substituted w)144 516 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5
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E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 528 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A
-F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221
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(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value)
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(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 252 S(adline).18 E
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-264 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011
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(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 300 Q(The return v)
144 316.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
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369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2
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2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254
(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q
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49 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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5 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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+(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25
E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 321.6 R .352
(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 369.6 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2
-(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.404 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.404(][)C
-F2<ad6f>-3.404 E F3(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404
+(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.405 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.405(][)C
+F2<ad6f>-3.405 E F3(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404
E F0 3.404(][)C F2<ad41>-3.404 E F3(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2
<ad47>-3.404 E F3(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2<ad57>-3.404 E F3(wor)
-3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.405(][)C F2<ad46>-3.405 E F3(func-)3.405 E
+3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.404(][)C F2<ad46>-3.404 E F3(func-)3.404 E
(tion)108 398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)
144 410.4 Q F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3
(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>
-.18 E F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2
(complete \255pr)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F3
-(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G
--.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634
-(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0
-.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)
+(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G
+-.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.133 E F0 .633
+(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.134 E F0
+.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)
144 446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)
--.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31
+-.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31
(reused as input.)144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31
(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31
(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C
-1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207
-(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.207 E
-F2<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options)
-3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E
+1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208
+(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.208 E
+F2<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options)
+3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E
(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
(option indicates that)3.455 F .876
(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R
(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)
--3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 R(The)5.447 E
-F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .448
-(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.335
+-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 R(The)5.447 E
+F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .447
+(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.334
(should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment w)144 530.4 R
-1.334(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .43(delimiter such as)
-144 542.4 R F2(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431
-(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.93 F .431
-(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 554.4 R F2
-<ad44>3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15
+1.335(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .431(delimiter such as)
+144 542.4 R F2(;)2.931 E F0(or)2.931 E F2(|)2.931 E F0 2.931(,w)C .431
+(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.931 F .43
+(If multiple options are sup-)5.43 F .707(plied, the)144 554.4 R F2
+<ad44>3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208
-F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2
-<ad49>3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H
-(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 566.4 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r)
--2.603 E F2<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15
+F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2
+<ad49>3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H
+(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 566.4 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)
+-2.604 E F2<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15
G(ther)-2.603 E F3(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F
-(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 578.4 Q 1.438
+(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 578.4 Q 1.437
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-602.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144
+602.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144
614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555
-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 638.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 638.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
-(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056
-(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F2<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary)
-144 650.4 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F2<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E
-F2<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722
-(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E
+(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
+(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
+144 650.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
+F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
+(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
(sion before the)144 662.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 674.4 Q
-F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 686.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291
+F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 686.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291
(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 698.4 Q F3
(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(58)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(58)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 59 59
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
SF(bashdefault)184 84 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 96 R
(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281
(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 108 Q F1
-(default)184 120 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 120 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)
--5.375 E 2.876(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)
+(default)184 120 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 120 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)
+-5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)
-.1 F(matches.)224 132 Q F1(dir)184 144 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\
tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 156 Q F1
(\214lenames)184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 180 S .137(ll readline that the co\
-mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15
-G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 192 R 2.634
+mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15
+G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 192 R 2.634
(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F
.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 204 R .45
(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 216 Q F1(noquote)
184 228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 228 S .814
(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
-3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
+3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
(\214lenames is the def)224 240 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 252 Q F0
-.7(Te)224 252 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 264 S
F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 276 Q F1
(plusdirs)184 288 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 288 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
-.584(completion is attempted and an)224 300 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
+.583(completion is attempted and an)224 300 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 312
Q F1<ad41>144 324 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 336
Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(.).15 E F1(user)184 708 Q F0(User names.)224 708 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768
-Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(59)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(59)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 60 60
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
SF -.1(va)184 84 S(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 84 Q 2.5
(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A
F1<ad43>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 108 Q
-F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F
+F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F
1.056(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F
-(completions.)184 120 Q F1<ad46>144 132 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114
+(completions.)184 120 Q F1<ad46>144 132 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113
(The shell function)184 144 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 156 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1
-($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817
+(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 156 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
+($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
(are being completed, the second ar)184 168 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 180 R .103
-(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w)
--2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 192 R
-.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the)
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 180 R .104
+(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
+-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 192 R
+.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 204 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25
-E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 216 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007
-(The pathname e)184 228 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
-E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
+E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 216 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
+(The pathname e)184 228 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
+E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
-.15 F(tions.)184 240 Q F1<ad50>144 252 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
-184 264 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534
+184 264 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 276 Q F1<ad53>144 288 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 288 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 300 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 312 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
-(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14
-(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981
-(each resultant w)184 324 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)
--.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37
-E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 336 Q .765
-(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 312 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
+(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
+(each resultant w)184 324 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
+F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
+3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 336 Q .766
+(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 348 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(va)184 348 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.46
5 F(match the w)184 360 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 372
-Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 384 Q F0 .455
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
+6.46
4 F(match the w)184 360 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 372
+Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 384 Q F0 .456
+(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
+.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 396 R 1.596
(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 408 Q F2(\214lterpat)
-3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705
+3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
+(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
+(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 420 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 436.8 R .467
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 436.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0
-(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361
-(plied without a)144 448.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
-(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 460.8 Q F0
+(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
+(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
+(plied without a)144 448.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
+(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 460.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
F1(compopt)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 489.6
R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
-.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 501.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
+.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
+(completion if no)144 501.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 513.6 Q F2(name)
-3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
+3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 525.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
-2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 525.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
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.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 297.6 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .096(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
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E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
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-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.627 E F1
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.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
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(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 391.2 Q F0 .048
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-.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
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-.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
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+(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is)
+.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031
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F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
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(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72>
-4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432
-(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144
-492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
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+(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144
+492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
-144 504 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F
-2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19(is used as an of)
-144 516 R .19(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E
-F2(last)2.779 E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F
-(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10
-/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948
-(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E
-F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E
+144 504 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
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+(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E
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F0(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E
(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q
F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438
F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.335(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2
-(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do)
+.334(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2
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.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F
-(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 600 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0
--.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F
-F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631
-(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 612 R .951
-(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95
-(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F
--.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 648 R F2
+(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 600 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E
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(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
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-(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0
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-(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)
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(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708
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-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .788
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(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
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(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 108 Q
+96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 108 Q
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-(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413
-(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913
+(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413
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(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1
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--.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617
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(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q
-.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
+.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362
+(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q
F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0
(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E
F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)
-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793
-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1
-(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
-(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .149
-(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449
--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .578
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
+(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1
+(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149
+(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .15
+(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45
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+(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665
(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts)
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-(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G
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+(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0
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+(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G
+3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085
(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)
-4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845
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(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345
(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2
-(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804
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(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293
(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F
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(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.392
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
-(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144
-381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.166
-(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
-1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165
-(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07
+(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.393
+(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392
+(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892
+(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144
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+(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
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(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.071
-(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144
-429.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
-F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 465.6 R
--.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667
-(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667
-(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144
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-(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F
-(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144
-513.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0
-1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742
-(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 525.6
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-(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2
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+(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)
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+(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144
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F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 537.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3
(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2
(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .902
(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
-3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F
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(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108
590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename)
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3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
(the directories in)144 614.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
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-(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1
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674.4 R F2<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0
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(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144
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(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1
<ad64>144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 132 Q F2
(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)180
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(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 345.6 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 345.6 Q F1
-<ad64>144 357.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39
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(Delete the history entry at position)180 369.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
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-(Delete the history entries between positions)180 417.6 R F2(start)3.258
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--.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne)
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+(Delete the history entries between positions)180 417.6 R F2(start)3.257
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(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0
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(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 513.6 Q
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(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 525.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2
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3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 537.6 R .475
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)180
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189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E
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-.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 254.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0
-1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
+A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119
+(Send the signal named by)144 230.4 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E
+F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87
+E F0(or)3.39 E F2(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93
+E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 242.4 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
+(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
+(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 254.4 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
+1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 266.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18
+1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 266.4 Q .523(gument of)-.18
F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when)
.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 278.4
R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E
-F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 290.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F
-F1<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 302.4
+F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 290.4 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F
+F1<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 302.4
R(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
(successfully sent, or f)144 314.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)
-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 331.2 Q
F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
-343.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197
-(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197
-(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
-2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 355.2 Q F2(ar)
+343.2 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197
+(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196
+(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
+2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 355.2 Q F2(ar)
2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E
F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 384 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F
.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0
.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)
--5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 396 Q 3.152(yo)-.15
-G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152
-E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
+-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 396 Q 3.153(yo)-.15
+G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153
+E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-408 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422
+408 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422
(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If)
-5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461
+5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461
(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 420 R F1
-(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462
-(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 432 R F1(set)4.063 E
-F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563
-(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562
-(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 444 R 1.243
-(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243
-(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244
-(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42
+(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461
+(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 432 R F1(set)4.062 E
+F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563
+(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563
+(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 444 R 1.244
+(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.744 E F0 1.244
+(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243
+(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42
(error to use)144 456 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42
(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless)
5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in)
(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 525.6 R
+(])A .18(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 525.6 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
-(arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 537.6 R
-F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
-E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)
--6.248 F(ha)144 549.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0 .91
-(The \214rst character of)180 561.6 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911
-(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411
+(arr)2.679 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.679(,o).32 G 2.679(rf)-2.679 G .179
+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.679 F F2(fd)4.649 E F0 1.248(if the)144 537.6
+R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
+F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
+E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)
+-6.249 F(ha)144 549.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0 .911
+(The \214rst character of)180 561.6 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
+(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41
(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 573.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 585.6 Q F0(Cop)180 585.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0
(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 657.6
Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 657.6 Q
-F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0
+F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0
.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 686.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15
-G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\
-igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275
-(as additional ar)144 698.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
-F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
-(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
+(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 686.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15
+G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\
+igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274
+(as additional ar)144 698.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
+F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
+(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275
(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 710.4 Q
(If not supplied with an e)144 727.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)
-145.395 E(66)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)
+141.235 E(66)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 67 67
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(map\214le)144 84 Q F0 1.905(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.905(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906
-(gument is supplied,)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)4.406 E(ay)-.15
-E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid or unassignable, or if).25
+SF(map\214le)144 84 Q F0 1.906(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F
+-.25(va)-.4 G 1.905(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905
+(gument is supplied,)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)4.405 E(ay)-.15
+E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid or unassignable, or if).25
E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da)
.15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0
2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144
-124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)
--2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478
-(stack, and performs a)144 136.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)
-3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18
-(rg)-6.479 G 1.479(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-1.479(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 148.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 160.8
-Q F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 160.8
-R .551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
+124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299
+(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar)
+.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3
+(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144
+136.8 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479
+(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478
+(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15
+F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 148.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 160.8 Q F0 .551
+(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 160.8 R .551
+(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 172.8 Q F1(+)144 184.8 Q F2(n)A
F0(Remo)180 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E
F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25
196.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0
(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)
-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 208.8 Q F2(n)A F0
-(Remo)180 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0
-1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)
--.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5
+(Remo)180 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E
+F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)
+-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5
(zero. F)180 220.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0
(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65
-E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144
-237.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1
-(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)
-3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 249.6 R .416
+E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144
+237.6 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1
+(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)
+3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 249.6 R .415
(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415
-(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915
-(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F
+(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916
+(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F
(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 261.6 Q
(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
-(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436
-(Write the formatted)144 290.4 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
-(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937
-E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126
+(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437
+(Write the formatted)144 290.4 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
+(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936
+E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126
(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 302.4 R(ariable)
-.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)
-2.626 F(output.)144 314.4 Q(The)144 338.4 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\
+2.626 F(output.)144 314.4 Q(The)144 338.4 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\
s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\
-cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\
-er escape sequences, which are con)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
+cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\
+er escape sequences, which are con)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704
(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
-\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 362.4 R .037
+\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 362.4 R .036
(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 374.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
-5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2
-(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031
-E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 386.4 Q
+5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2
+(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032
+E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 386.4 Q
(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 398.4 Q F0(causes)180 398.4 Q F1(printf)
-2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096
+2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096
(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
-2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 410.4 Q(ay as)
+2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 410.4 Q(ay as)
-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 422.4 Q F0(causes)180 422.4 Q
F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E
(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F
(input.)180 434.4 Q F1(%\()144 446.4 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)
-180 458.4 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904
-(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt)
-4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 470.4 R F2
+180 458.4 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904
+(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt)
+4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 470.4 R F2
(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
-(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180
+(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180
482.4 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F
-.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694
+.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693
(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 494.4 R
-.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)
-3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 506.4 R -.15
+.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar)
+3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 506.4 R -.15
(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71
G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F
F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 518.4 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 535.2 Q
-.464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\
-ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258
+.463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\
+ts, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259
(minus sign is allo)144 547.2 R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 559.2 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 576 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0
-.923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E
+-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 559.2 Q(alue of the follo)
+-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 576 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0
+.923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E
(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
-3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 588 Q(guments)-.37 E F0
-.033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
+3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 588 Q(guments)-.37 E F0
+.033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
-.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
+.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 600 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
108 616.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 628.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0
-2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\
-rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 640.8 R 3.139(wt)
--.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 652.8 R .416
+2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\
+irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 640.8 R 3.14(wt)
+-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 652.8 R .416
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F
(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416
-(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625
+(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625
(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 664.8 R 6.625
(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925
-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 676.8 Q
F1<ad6e>144 688.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \
when rotating or adding directories to the)180 688.8 R
(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 700.8 Q F1(+)144
-712.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 712.8 R F2(n)
-3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B
-1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 724.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+712.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 712.8 R F2(n)
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(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(67)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(67)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 68 68
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E
-F2(dir)144.35 108 Q F0(Adds)180 108 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
-(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc)
--.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F
+F2(dir)144.35 108 Q F0(Adds)180 108 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287
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(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 120 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd)
-2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 136.8 R F1(pushd)2.988
-E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
-(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
-F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 148.8 R F2(dir)
-3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4
-F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846
-(stack is empty)144 160.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
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+E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
+(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
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+(stack is empty)144 160.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\
directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
-E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 201.6 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
+(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
213.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144 225.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
+(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263
+(enabled. If)144 225.6 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
+(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
+F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 237.6 R -.25(va)
-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 249.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 266.4 S
-(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2
-(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817
-(][)C F1<ad69>-3.81
7 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>
--3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E
-F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)
-3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0
-3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 278.4 Q F2(name)A
+(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E F2
+(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816
+(][)C F1<ad69>-3.81
6 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e>
+-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E
+F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)
+3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0
+3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 278.4 Q F2(name)A
F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\
e \214le descriptor)144 290.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)
-3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 302.4 Q F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348
-(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F
-F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465
+3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 302.4 Q F1<ad75>3.847 E F0 1.347
+(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F
+F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465
(assigned to the \214rst)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G
1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E
F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465
F -.1(wo)144 326.4 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112
(ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112
(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 338.4 Q F0
-5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w)
--.25 F .723
+5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w)
+-.25 F .722
(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1
-F .532(assigned empty v)144 350.4 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532
-(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531
-(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1
+F .531(assigned empty v)144 350.4 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531
+(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532
+(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1
F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 362.4 R .197
(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
--.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197
-(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 374.4 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m)
-C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s)
-.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156
+-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196
+(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 374.4 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m)
+C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s)
+.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157
(xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144
386.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
-(The w)180 410.4 R 1.049
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
+180 410.4 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2
-(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
-(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
-E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
-1.318(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317
-(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817
+-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
+F2(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0 1.317(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 R F2(delim)3.817 E F0 1.317
+(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.817 F 3.818
(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 458.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
-.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 .372
+<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 .373
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 470.4 R F1 -.18
-(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)
-2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E
+(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)
+2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E
.218(to obtain the line.)180 482.4 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
(acti)180 494.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 506.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
--.2 E F0(If)180 506.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
+-.2 E F0(If)180 506.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
-.25 F(ing be)180 518.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 530.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
-(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
-(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
+(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
+(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of)
-.1 F(input, b)180 554.4 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)
-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144
566.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 578.4 S(ad).18 E
-F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)
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+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 590.4 R F1 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
+2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
+(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 602.4
-R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
-3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 614.4 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 626.4 S .669
+R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
+3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 614.4 R .608
+(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
+3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 626.4 S .67
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
+(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 638.4 Q F0
(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 650.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
-E F0(Display)180 662.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+E F0(Display)180 662.4 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 674.4 Q
2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 686.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 686.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544
+<ad72>144 686.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
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(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 698.4 Q
(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E
(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144
710.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 710.4 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(68)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(68)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 69 69
%%BeginPageSetup
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q
-F1 -.18(re)2.929 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F
+F1 -.18(re)2.928 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F
.428(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F
-.56(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
-F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
+.561(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
+F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 120 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-132 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 144 R .59
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
+132 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 144 R .589
+(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
+(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
+-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 156 S(riable)
.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
180 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476
-(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad)
-.18 E F0 .772
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477
+(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad)
+.18 E F0 .773
+(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F
-.25(va)144 232.8 S 2.004
-(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005
-(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F
+(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004
+(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F
(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 244.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A
(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)
-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R
-1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R
+1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
6 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
7 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
-<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 345.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-357.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 345.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+357.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 381.6 Q F0
(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
+(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
(the return status is that of the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
+-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
+F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144
-446.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
-F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
-3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389
+-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144
+446.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
+F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
+3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39
(determine the status is the last command e)144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4
-G(d.).1 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084
-(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
-(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
+.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke)
+.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0
+.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084
+E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
+(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
+144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
+(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 506.4 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
+(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 518.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
+E .75(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1
+G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1
(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E
-(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .836
+(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .835
(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
-.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
+.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 595.2
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
-2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
+R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53
-(locale. When)144 619.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
-3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
--.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F
-1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 631.2 R 1.623
+(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
+(locale. When)144 619.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
+3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
+-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623
+(after option processing are treated as v)144 631.2 R 1.624
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
144 643.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 655.2 Q
-F0 1.377(Each v)184 655.2 R 1.377
+F0 1.378(Each v)184 655.2 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 667.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
-E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 679.2 Q F0 .132
+-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
+1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 667.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
+E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 679.2 Q F0 .131
(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 679.2 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
+2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
(primary prompt.)184 691.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0
-.087(Exit immediately if a)184 703.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 715.2 Q
-F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F
-1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184
-727.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08
+.088(Exit immediately if a)184 703.2 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
+(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F
+F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 715.2 Q
+F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)
+4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521
+(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 727.2
+R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079
(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768
-Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(69)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(69)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
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(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081
-E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E
-.918(the \214nal)184 108 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0
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-.917(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417
-E -.25(va)184 120 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66
-(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
-(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
+E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E
+.917(the \214nal)184 108 R F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0
+3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F
+.918(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418
+E -.25(va)184 120 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
+(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66
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(non-zero status because a command f)184 132 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
-F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 144 R 2.677
-(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
-(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
-(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
-(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 156 R .617
+F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 144 R 2.678
+(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678
+(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
+(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177
+(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 156 R .617
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2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 198 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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--.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F
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(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 258 Q F1
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(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 318 Q F1
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E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 690 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad43>2.5
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-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(70)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
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E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad50>2.5
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(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
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252 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 264 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224
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(user \(group\) id, and the)184 402 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
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(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
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(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \
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(able or parameter)184 486 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R
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-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 678 Q F0 .959
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(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
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-(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
+(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 156 R F1
+<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
+(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
+3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
(parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144
184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
+(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
(current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582
-E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
-.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
+.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
+(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
+2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 350.4 R .826
-(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825
-(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F
-.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2
-(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552
-(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55
-(options. The)144 374.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\
-o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049
-E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 350.4 R .825
+(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.325 E F0 .826
+(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F
+.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2
+(optnames)3.052 E F0 .551
+(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549
+(options. The)144 374.4 R F1<ad70>2.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \
+to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other)
+5.05 E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0
(Disable \(unset\) each)180 410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
-.256(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
-E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
+.255(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
+(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
+(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0
(Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 475.2 R F1
-<ad73>3.12
4 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 475.2 R F1
+<ad73>3.12
5 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234
+E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233
(set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
-.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0
2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 499.2 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.045 F .696
+516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
+4.044 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
-.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.944
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.945
(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
+1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944
(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .857
(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F
-(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199
+(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .2
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
+F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .155
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
+(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(72)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(72)190.395 E 0 Cg
+EP
%%Page: 73 73
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736
-(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
+SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736
+(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 108
Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 120 Q
-F0 .448(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
-(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
-.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
+F0 .449(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
+(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
+(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
+.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938
+(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
(attempted without an interv)184 156 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F
/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1
G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 180 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
192 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09
(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
-(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G
-(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2
-(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 216 Q F0 1.202
-(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502
--.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
+(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 4.694(,u)-.65 G
+2.194(pdates the v)-4.694 F 2.194(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)4.694 E F0
+(and)4.444 E F2(COLUMNS)4.693 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.193
+(This option is enabled by)6.693 F(def)184 216 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(cmdhist)
+144 228 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-228 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133
+240 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132
-(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 240 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613
+(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 252 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613
(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614
(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 252 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
-(compat31)144 264 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 264 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
+(compat31)144 276 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42
(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)
-184 288 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1
+184 300 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1
(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71
-(using the)184 300 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s)
+(using the)184 312 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s)
-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash)
3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82
-(use ASCII collation and)184 312 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E
+(use ASCII collation and)184 324 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E
(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale')
-.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 324 Q F4(str)
-2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 336 Q F0 1.41(If set,)
-184 348 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409
+.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 336 Q F4(str)
+2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 348 Q F0 1.41(If set,)
+184 360 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409
(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422
-(string comparison when using the)184 360 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
+(string comparison when using the)184 372 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>)
2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481
-(vious item\) and the ef)184 372 R .481
+(vious item\) and the ef)184 384 R .481
(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48
-(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 384 Q
+(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 396 Q
(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E
-F1(compat40)144 396 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0
+F1(compat40)144 408 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0
1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008
-(string comparison when using the)184 420 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007
+(string comparison when using the)184 432 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007
(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>)
-4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 432 R
+4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 444 R
F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769
(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions)
-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184
-444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086
-(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 456 Q
-(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 468 Q F0 1.523(If set,)
-184 480 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523
+456 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086
+(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 468 Q
+(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 480 Q F0 1.523(If set,)
+184 492 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523
(posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524
(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184
-492 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958
+504 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958
(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15
G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59
-(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 504
+(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 516
R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59
-(posix mode through v)184 516 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def)
+(posix mode through v)184 528 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def)
5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589
-(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 528 Q F1(compat42)144 540 Q
-F0 1.796(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796
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-184 324 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
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-(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 348 R .219(alue of the)
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-2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 360 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F
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(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E
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H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15
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-(localv)144 468 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 480 R
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-(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 489.6 R F1 .145
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F3(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 501.6 Q F3(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201
-G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)3.2 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E
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+1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0
+(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 632.4 Q F1
+(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146
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+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
+(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 644.4 R F3 .146
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
+F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
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(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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--.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 543.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)
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-(the follo)144 567.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F1(ERR)
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-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.277 E F0
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-F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 615.6 Q
-(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3<ad65>A F0 2.5
-(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095
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-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 657.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
--.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
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-674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F4(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .174
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F4(name)
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-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F3<ad74>144 698.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F3(type)3.342 E F0
-.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F4(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
-F4 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F4(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F4
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-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F4
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-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
-F3<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F3(type)2.619 E F0
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-144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
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-F .49
8(resource is printed, unless the)144 292.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0
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-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180
364.8 Q F3<ad66>144
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519.6 Q F1<ad66>144
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(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-376.8 Q F3<ad69>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
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-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 400.8 Q F3
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-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 424.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
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+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 555.6 Q F1
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-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3
-<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 472.8 Q F3
-<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 484.8
-Q F
3<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 496.8 Q F3<ad74>144
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1<ad73>144 651.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 651.6 Q F1<ad74>144
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-(If)144 597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144
-657.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F3(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E
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+F0(Brian F)108 544.8 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15
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+%%Page: 81 81
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
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--.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 144 Q
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(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro)
2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108
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E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.)
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-(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 705.6 Q(Shell b)108 722.4 Q
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(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(80)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 81 81
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-BP
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-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E
-(81)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
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%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.1}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-title}{Bash Variables}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.2}
-@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{72}
-@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{72}
-@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{72}
+@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{73}
+@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{73}
+@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{73}
@xrdef{Bash Features-title}{Bash Features}
@xrdef{Bash Features-snt}{Chapter@tie 6}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-title}{Invoking Bash}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-snt}{Section@tie 6.1}
-@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{84}
-@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{84}
+@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{85}
+@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{85}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-title}{Bash Startup Files}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-snt}{Section@tie 6.2}
-@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{86}
+@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{87}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-title}{Interactive Shells}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-snt}{Section@tie 6.3}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-title}{What is an Interactive Shell?}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.1}
-@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{87}
+@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{88}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-title}{Is this Shell Interactive?}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.2}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-title}{Interactive Shell Behavior}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.3}
-@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{88}
-@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{88}
-@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{88}
+@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{89}
+@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{89}
+@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{89}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-title}{Bash Conditional Expressions}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-snt}{Section@tie 6.4}
-@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{89}
+@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{90}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-title}{Shell Arithmetic}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-snt}{Section@tie 6.5}
-@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{91}
+@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Aliases-title}{Aliases}
@xrdef{Aliases-snt}{Section@tie 6.6}
-@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{92}
+@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{93}
@xrdef{Arrays-title}{Arrays}
@xrdef{Arrays-snt}{Section@tie 6.7}
-@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{93}
+@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{94}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-title}{The Directory Stack}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1}
-@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{95}
-@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{95}
+@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{96}
+@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{96}
@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt}
@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9}
-@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{96}
+@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{97}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10}
-@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{97}
+@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{98}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.11}
-@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{98}
+@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{99}
@xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control}
@xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1}
-@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{102}
-@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{102}
+@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{103}
+@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{103}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2}
-@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{103}
+@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{104}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3}
-@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{105}
+@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{106}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1}
-@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{106}
-@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{106}
-@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{106}
+@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{107}
+@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{107}
+@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{107}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3}
-@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{107}
-@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{107}
+@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{108}
+@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{108}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4}
@xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History}
@xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5}
-@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{108}
-@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{108}
-@xrdef{Searching-pg}{108}
+@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{109}
+@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{109}
+@xrdef{Searching-pg}{109}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1}
-@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{109}
-@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{109}
+@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{110}
+@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{110}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2}
-@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{118}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3}
-@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{118}
+@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{119}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1}
-@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{121}
-@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{121}
+@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{122}
+@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{122}
@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History}
@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2}
-@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{122}
+@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3}
-@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{123}
+@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{124}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4}
-@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{125}
+@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{126}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6}
-@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{126}
-@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{126}
+@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{127}
+@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{127}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8}
-@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{128}
-@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{128}
+@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{129}
+@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{129}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5}
-@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{130}
+@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{131}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{131}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{132}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{133}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{134}
@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example}
@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8}
-@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{137}
+@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{138}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2}
-@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{140}
-@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{140}
-@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{140}
+@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{141}
+@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{141}
+@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{141}
@xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion}
@xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3}
-@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{142}
+@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{143}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
-@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{143}
-@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{143}
+@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{144}
+@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{144}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
-@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{144}
+@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{145}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
-@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{146}
-@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{146}
+@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{147}
+@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{147}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
@xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
@xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
-@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{147}
-@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{147}
-@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{147}
+@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{148}
+@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{148}
+@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{148}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
@xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
@xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
-@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{148}
-@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{148}
-@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{148}
-@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{150}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{154}
+@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{155}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
-@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{155}
+@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{156}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{161}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{162}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
-@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{169}
-@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{169}
+@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{170}
+@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{170}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
-@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{170}
-@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{171}
+@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{171}
+@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{172}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
-@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{173}
+@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{174}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{175}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{176}
\entry{[}{47}{\code {[}}
\entry{times}{49}{\code {times}}
\entry{trap}{49}{\code {trap}}
-\entry{umask}{49}{\code {umask}}
+\entry{umask}{50}{\code {umask}}
\entry{unset}{50}{\code {unset}}
\entry{alias}{50}{\code {alias}}
\entry{bind}{50}{\code {bind}}
-\entry{builtin}{51}{\code {builtin}}
+\entry{builtin}{52}{\code {builtin}}
\entry{caller}{52}{\code {caller}}
\entry{command}{52}{\code {command}}
\entry{declare}{52}{\code {declare}}
\entry{echo}{54}{\code {echo}}
-\entry{enable}{54}{\code {enable}}
+\entry{enable}{55}{\code {enable}}
\entry{help}{55}{\code {help}}
\entry{let}{55}{\code {let}}
\entry{local}{55}{\code {local}}
\entry{unalias}{61}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{61}{\code {set}}
\entry{shopt}{65}{\code {shopt}}
-\entry{dirs}{95}{\code {dirs}}
-\entry{popd}{95}{\code {popd}}
-\entry{pushd}{96}{\code {pushd}}
-\entry{bg}{103}{\code {bg}}
-\entry{fg}{103}{\code {fg}}
-\entry{jobs}{103}{\code {jobs}}
-\entry{kill}{104}{\code {kill}}
-\entry{wait}{104}{\code {wait}}
-\entry{disown}{104}{\code {disown}}
-\entry{suspend}{105}{\code {suspend}}
-\entry{compgen}{133}{\code {compgen}}
-\entry{complete}{133}{\code {complete}}
-\entry{compopt}{136}{\code {compopt}}
-\entry{fc}{141}{\code {fc}}
-\entry{history}{141}{\code {history}}
+\entry{dirs}{96}{\code {dirs}}
+\entry{popd}{96}{\code {popd}}
+\entry{pushd}{97}{\code {pushd}}
+\entry{bg}{104}{\code {bg}}
+\entry{fg}{104}{\code {fg}}
+\entry{jobs}{104}{\code {jobs}}
+\entry{kill}{105}{\code {kill}}
+\entry{wait}{105}{\code {wait}}
+\entry{disown}{105}{\code {disown}}
+\entry{suspend}{106}{\code {suspend}}
+\entry{compgen}{134}{\code {compgen}}
+\entry{complete}{134}{\code {complete}}
+\entry{compopt}{137}{\code {compopt}}
+\entry{fc}{142}{\code {fc}}
+\entry{history}{142}{\code {history}}
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {alias}}{50}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {bg}}{103}
+\entry {\code {bg}}{104}
\entry {\code {bind}}{50}
\entry {\code {break}}{44}
-\entry {\code {builtin}}{51}
+\entry {\code {builtin}}{52}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {caller}}{52}
\entry {\code {cd}}{44}
\entry {\code {command}}{52}
-\entry {\code {compgen}}{133}
-\entry {\code {complete}}{133}
-\entry {\code {compopt}}{136}
+\entry {\code {compgen}}{134}
+\entry {\code {complete}}{134}
+\entry {\code {compopt}}{137}
\entry {\code {continue}}{44}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {declare}}{52}
-\entry {\code {dirs}}{95}
-\entry {\code {disown}}{104}
+\entry {\code {dirs}}{96}
+\entry {\code {disown}}{105}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {echo}}{54}
-\entry {\code {enable}}{54}
+\entry {\code {enable}}{55}
\entry {\code {eval}}{44}
\entry {\code {exec}}{45}
\entry {\code {exit}}{45}
\entry {\code {export}}{45}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {fc}}{141}
-\entry {\code {fg}}{103}
+\entry {\code {fc}}{142}
+\entry {\code {fg}}{104}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {getopts}}{45}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {hash}}{46}
\entry {\code {help}}{55}
-\entry {\code {history}}{141}
+\entry {\code {history}}{142}
\initial {J}
-\entry {\code {jobs}}{103}
+\entry {\code {jobs}}{104}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {kill}}{104}
+\entry {\code {kill}}{105}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {let}}{55}
\entry {\code {local}}{55}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {mapfile}}{56}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {popd}}{95}
+\entry {\code {popd}}{96}
\entry {\code {printf}}{56}
-\entry {\code {pushd}}{96}
+\entry {\code {pushd}}{97}
\entry {\code {pwd}}{46}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {read}}{57}
\entry {\code {shift}}{47}
\entry {\code {shopt}}{65}
\entry {\code {source}}{59}
-\entry {\code {suspend}}{105}
+\entry {\code {suspend}}{106}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {test}}{47}
\entry {\code {times}}{49}
\entry {\code {typeset}}{59}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {ulimit}}{59}
-\entry {\code {umask}}{49}
+\entry {\code {umask}}{50}
\entry {\code {unalias}}{61}
\entry {\code {unset}}{50}
\initial {W}
-\entry {\code {wait}}{104}
+\entry {\code {wait}}{105}
\entry{signal handling}{41}{signal handling}
\entry{shell script}{41}{shell script}
\entry{special builtin}{71}{special builtin}
-\entry{login shell}{86}{login shell}
-\entry{interactive shell}{86}{interactive shell}
-\entry{startup files}{86}{startup files}
+\entry{login shell}{87}{login shell}
\entry{interactive shell}{87}{interactive shell}
-\entry{shell, interactive}{87}{shell, interactive}
-\entry{expressions, conditional}{89}{expressions, conditional}
-\entry{arithmetic, shell}{91}{arithmetic, shell}
-\entry{shell arithmetic}{91}{shell arithmetic}
-\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{91}{expressions, arithmetic}
-\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{91}{evaluation, arithmetic}
-\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{91}{arithmetic evaluation}
-\entry{alias expansion}{92}{alias expansion}
-\entry{arrays}{93}{arrays}
-\entry{directory stack}{95}{directory stack}
-\entry{prompting}{96}{prompting}
-\entry{restricted shell}{97}{restricted shell}
-\entry{POSIX Mode}{98}{POSIX Mode}
-\entry{job control}{102}{job control}
-\entry{foreground}{102}{foreground}
-\entry{background}{102}{background}
-\entry{suspending jobs}{102}{suspending jobs}
-\entry{Readline, how to use}{105}{Readline, how to use}
-\entry{interaction, readline}{106}{interaction, readline}
-\entry{notation, readline}{107}{notation, readline}
-\entry{command editing}{107}{command editing}
-\entry{editing command lines}{107}{editing command lines}
-\entry{killing text}{108}{killing text}
-\entry{yanking text}{108}{yanking text}
-\entry{kill ring}{108}{kill ring}
-\entry{initialization file, readline}{109}{initialization file, readline}
-\entry{variables, readline}{110}{variables, readline}
-\entry{programmable completion}{131}{programmable completion}
-\entry{completion builtins}{133}{completion builtins}
-\entry{History, how to use}{139}{History, how to use}
-\entry{command history}{140}{command history}
-\entry{history list}{140}{history list}
-\entry{history builtins}{140}{history builtins}
-\entry{history expansion}{142}{history expansion}
-\entry{event designators}{143}{event designators}
-\entry{history events}{143}{history events}
-\entry{installation}{146}{installation}
-\entry{configuration}{146}{configuration}
-\entry{Bash installation}{146}{Bash installation}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{146}{Bash configuration}
+\entry{startup files}{87}{startup files}
+\entry{interactive shell}{88}{interactive shell}
+\entry{shell, interactive}{88}{shell, interactive}
+\entry{expressions, conditional}{90}{expressions, conditional}
+\entry{arithmetic, shell}{92}{arithmetic, shell}
+\entry{shell arithmetic}{92}{shell arithmetic}
+\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{92}{expressions, arithmetic}
+\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{92}{evaluation, arithmetic}
+\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{92}{arithmetic evaluation}
+\entry{alias expansion}{93}{alias expansion}
+\entry{arrays}{94}{arrays}
+\entry{directory stack}{96}{directory stack}
+\entry{prompting}{97}{prompting}
+\entry{restricted shell}{98}{restricted shell}
+\entry{POSIX Mode}{99}{POSIX Mode}
+\entry{job control}{103}{job control}
+\entry{foreground}{103}{foreground}
+\entry{background}{103}{background}
+\entry{suspending jobs}{103}{suspending jobs}
+\entry{Readline, how to use}{106}{Readline, how to use}
+\entry{interaction, readline}{107}{interaction, readline}
+\entry{notation, readline}{108}{notation, readline}
+\entry{command editing}{108}{command editing}
+\entry{editing command lines}{108}{editing command lines}
+\entry{killing text}{109}{killing text}
+\entry{yanking text}{109}{yanking text}
+\entry{kill ring}{109}{kill ring}
+\entry{initialization file, readline}{110}{initialization file, readline}
+\entry{variables, readline}{111}{variables, readline}
+\entry{programmable completion}{132}{programmable completion}
+\entry{completion builtins}{134}{completion builtins}
+\entry{History, how to use}{140}{History, how to use}
+\entry{command history}{141}{command history}
+\entry{history list}{141}{history list}
+\entry{history builtins}{141}{history builtins}
+\entry{history expansion}{143}{history expansion}
+\entry{event designators}{144}{event designators}
+\entry{history events}{144}{history events}
+\entry{installation}{147}{installation}
+\entry{configuration}{147}{configuration}
+\entry{Bash installation}{147}{Bash installation}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{147}{Bash configuration}
\initial {A}
-\entry {alias expansion}{92}
-\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{91}
+\entry {alias expansion}{93}
+\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{92}
\entry {arithmetic expansion}{31}
-\entry {arithmetic, shell}{91}
-\entry {arrays}{93}
+\entry {arithmetic, shell}{92}
+\entry {arrays}{94}
\initial {B}
-\entry {background}{102}
-\entry {Bash configuration}{146}
-\entry {Bash installation}{146}
+\entry {background}{103}
+\entry {Bash configuration}{147}
+\entry {Bash installation}{147}
\entry {Bourne shell}{5}
\entry {brace expansion}{23}
\entry {builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
-\entry {command editing}{107}
+\entry {command editing}{108}
\entry {command execution}{38}
\entry {command expansion}{38}
-\entry {command history}{140}
+\entry {command history}{141}
\entry {command search}{38}
\entry {command substitution}{30}
\entry {command timing}{8}
\entry {commands, shell}{8}
\entry {commands, simple}{8}
\entry {comments, shell}{7}
-\entry {completion builtins}{133}
-\entry {configuration}{146}
+\entry {completion builtins}{134}
+\entry {configuration}{147}
\entry {control operator}{3}
\entry {coprocess}{15}
\initial {D}
-\entry {directory stack}{95}
+\entry {directory stack}{96}
\initial {E}
-\entry {editing command lines}{107}
+\entry {editing command lines}{108}
\entry {environment}{40}
-\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{91}
-\entry {event designators}{143}
+\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{92}
+\entry {event designators}{144}
\entry {execution environment}{39}
\entry {exit status}{3, 40}
\entry {expansion}{22}
\entry {expansion, parameter}{24}
\entry {expansion, pathname}{32}
\entry {expansion, tilde}{23}
-\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{91}
-\entry {expressions, conditional}{89}
+\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{92}
+\entry {expressions, conditional}{90}
\initial {F}
\entry {field}{3}
\entry {filename}{3}
\entry {filename expansion}{32}
-\entry {foreground}{102}
+\entry {foreground}{103}
\entry {functions, shell}{17}
\initial {H}
-\entry {history builtins}{140}
-\entry {history events}{143}
-\entry {history expansion}{142}
-\entry {history list}{140}
-\entry {History, how to use}{139}
+\entry {history builtins}{141}
+\entry {history events}{144}
+\entry {history expansion}{143}
+\entry {history list}{141}
+\entry {History, how to use}{140}
\initial {I}
\entry {identifier}{3}
-\entry {initialization file, readline}{109}
-\entry {installation}{146}
-\entry {interaction, readline}{106}
-\entry {interactive shell}{86, 87}
+\entry {initialization file, readline}{110}
+\entry {installation}{147}
+\entry {interaction, readline}{107}
+\entry {interactive shell}{87, 88}
\entry {internationalization}{7}
\initial {J}
\entry {job}{3}
-\entry {job control}{3, 102}
+\entry {job control}{3, 103}
\initial {K}
-\entry {kill ring}{108}
-\entry {killing text}{108}
+\entry {kill ring}{109}
+\entry {killing text}{109}
\initial {L}
\entry {localization}{7}
-\entry {login shell}{86}
+\entry {login shell}{87}
\initial {M}
\entry {matching, pattern}{33}
\entry {metacharacter}{3}
\initial {N}
\entry {name}{3}
\entry {native languages}{7}
-\entry {notation, readline}{107}
+\entry {notation, readline}{108}
\initial {O}
\entry {operator, shell}{3}
\initial {P}
\entry {pattern matching}{33}
\entry {pipeline}{8}
\entry {POSIX}{3}
-\entry {POSIX Mode}{98}
+\entry {POSIX Mode}{99}
\entry {process group}{3}
\entry {process group ID}{3}
\entry {process substitution}{31}
-\entry {programmable completion}{131}
-\entry {prompting}{96}
+\entry {programmable completion}{132}
+\entry {prompting}{97}
\initial {Q}
\entry {quoting}{6}
\entry {quoting, ANSI}{6}
\initial {R}
-\entry {Readline, how to use}{105}
+\entry {Readline, how to use}{106}
\entry {redirection}{34}
\entry {reserved word}{3}
-\entry {restricted shell}{97}
+\entry {restricted shell}{98}
\entry {return status}{4}
\initial {S}
-\entry {shell arithmetic}{91}
+\entry {shell arithmetic}{92}
\entry {shell function}{17}
\entry {shell script}{41}
\entry {shell variable}{19}
-\entry {shell, interactive}{87}
+\entry {shell, interactive}{88}
\entry {signal}{4}
\entry {signal handling}{41}
\entry {special builtin}{4, 71}
-\entry {startup files}{86}
-\entry {suspending jobs}{102}
+\entry {startup files}{87}
+\entry {suspending jobs}{103}
\initial {T}
\entry {tilde expansion}{23}
\entry {token}{4}
\entry {translation, native languages}{7}
\initial {V}
\entry {variable, shell}{19}
-\entry {variables, readline}{110}
+\entry {variables, readline}{111}
\initial {W}
\entry {word}{4}
\entry {word splitting}{31}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {yanking text}{108}
+\entry {yanking text}{109}
-\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{121}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
-\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{121}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
-\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{121}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
-\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{121}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
-\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{121}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
-\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{121}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
-\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{121}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{121}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{121}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{next-screen-line ()}{122}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{122}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
-\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{122}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
-\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{122}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
-\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{122}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
-\entry{next-history (C-n)}{122}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
-\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{122}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
-\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{122}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
-\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{122}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
-\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{122}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{122}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{122}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
-\entry{history-search-forward ()}{122}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-search-backward ()}{123}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{123}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{123}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{123}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{123}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{123}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
-\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{123}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
-\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{124}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
-\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{124}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
-\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{124}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
-\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{124}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
-\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{124}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
-\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{124}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
-\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{124}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
-\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{124}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
-\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{124}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
-\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{124}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
-\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{124}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
-\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{125}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{125}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
-\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{125}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
-\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{125}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
-\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{125}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{125}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
-\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{125}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}}
-\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{125}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}
-\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{125}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
-\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{125}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
-\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{125}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
-\entry{kill-region ()}{125}{\code {kill-region ()}}
-\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{125}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
-\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{125}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{126}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{yank (C-y)}{126}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{126}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
-\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{126}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
-\entry{universal-argument ()}{126}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
-\entry{complete (TAB)}{126}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{126}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
-\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{126}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
-\entry{menu-complete ()}{126}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
-\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{127}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
-\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{127}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
-\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{127}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
-\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{127}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
-\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{127}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
-\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{127}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
-\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{127}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
-\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{127}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
-\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{127}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
-\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{127}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
-\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{127}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
-\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{127}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
-\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{127}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{128}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
-\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{128}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
-\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{128}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
-\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{128}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
-\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{128}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
-\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{128}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
-\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{128}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
-\entry{abort (C-g)}{128}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
-\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{128}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
-\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{128}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
-\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{128}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
-\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{128}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
-\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{128}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
-\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{129}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
-\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{129}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
-\entry{character-search (C-])}{129}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
-\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{129}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
-\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{129}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
-\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{129}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
-\entry{dump-functions ()}{129}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
-\entry{dump-variables ()}{129}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
-\entry{dump-macros ()}{129}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
-\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{130}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
-\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{130}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
-\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{130}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
-\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{130}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
-\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{130}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
-\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{130}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
-\entry{magic-space ()}{130}{\code {magic-space ()}}
-\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{130}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{130}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{130}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{130}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
-\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}{130}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{122}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
+\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{122}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
+\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{122}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
+\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{122}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
+\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{122}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
+\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{122}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
+\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{122}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{122}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{122}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{next-screen-line ()}{123}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{123}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
+\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{123}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
+\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{123}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
+\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{123}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
+\entry{next-history (C-n)}{123}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{123}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
+\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{123}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
+\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{123}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
+\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{123}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{123}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{123}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
+\entry{history-search-forward ()}{123}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-search-backward ()}{124}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{124}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{124}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{124}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{124}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{124}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
+\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{124}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
+\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{125}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
+\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{125}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
+\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{125}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
+\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{125}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
+\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{125}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
+\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{125}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
+\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{125}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
+\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{125}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
+\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{125}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
+\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{125}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
+\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{125}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
+\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{126}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{126}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
+\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{126}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
+\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{126}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
+\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{126}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{126}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
+\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{126}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}}
+\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{126}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}
+\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{126}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
+\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{126}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
+\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{126}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
+\entry{kill-region ()}{126}{\code {kill-region ()}}
+\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{126}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
+\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{126}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{127}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{yank (C-y)}{127}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{127}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
+\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{127}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
+\entry{universal-argument ()}{127}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
+\entry{complete (TAB)}{127}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{127}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
+\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{127}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
+\entry{menu-complete ()}{127}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
+\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{128}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
+\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{128}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
+\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{128}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
+\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{128}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
+\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{128}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
+\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{128}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
+\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{128}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
+\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{128}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
+\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{128}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
+\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{128}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
+\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{128}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
+\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{128}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
+\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{128}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{129}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
+\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{129}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
+\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{129}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
+\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{129}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
+\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{129}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
+\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{129}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
+\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{129}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
+\entry{abort (C-g)}{129}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
+\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{129}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
+\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{129}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
+\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{129}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
+\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{129}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
+\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{129}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
+\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{130}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
+\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{130}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
+\entry{character-search (C-])}{130}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
+\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{130}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
+\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{130}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
+\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{130}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
+\entry{dump-functions ()}{130}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
+\entry{dump-variables ()}{130}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
+\entry{dump-macros ()}{130}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
+\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{131}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
+\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{131}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
+\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{131}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
+\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{131}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
+\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{131}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
+\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{131}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
+\entry{magic-space ()}{131}{\code {magic-space ()}}
+\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{131}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{131}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{131}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{131}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
+\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}{131}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{128}
-\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{130}
+\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{129}
+\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{131}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{121}
-\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{124}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{125}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{125}
-\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{121}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{121}
-\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{124}
+\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{122}
+\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{125}
+\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{126}
+\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{126}
+\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{122}
+\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{122}
+\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{125}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{128}
-\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{124}
-\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{129}
-\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{129}
-\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{126}
-\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{128}
-\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{125}
-\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{126}
-\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{125}
+\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{129}
+\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{125}
+\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{130}
+\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{130}
+\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{127}
+\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{129}
+\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{126}
+\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{127}
+\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{126}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{128}
-\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{123}
-\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{127}
-\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{125}
-\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{126}
-\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{130}
-\entry {\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{128}
-\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{124}
-\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{129}
-\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{129}
-\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{129}
-\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{127}
+\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{129}
+\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{124}
+\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{128}
+\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{126}
+\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{127}
+\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{131}
+\entry {\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{129}
+\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{125}
+\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{130}
+\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{130}
+\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{130}
+\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{128}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}{130}
-\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{128}
-\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{123}
-\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{121}
-\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{129}
+\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}{131}
+\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{129}
+\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{124}
+\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{122}
+\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{130}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{124}
-\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{121}
-\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{121}
+\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{125}
+\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{122}
+\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{122}
\initial {G}
-\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{130}
-\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{130}
-\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{130}
+\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{131}
+\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{131}
+\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{131}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{130}
-\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{130}
-\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{123}
-\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{122}
-\entry {\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{123}
-\entry {\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{123}
+\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{131}
+\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{131}
+\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{124}
+\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{123}
+\entry {\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{124}
+\entry {\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{124}
\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{129}
-\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{126}
-\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{130}
+\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{130}
+\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{127}
+\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{131}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{125}
-\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{125}
-\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{125}
-\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{125}
+\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{126}
+\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{126}
+\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{126}
+\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{126}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{130}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{126}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{127}
+\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{131}
+\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{127}
+\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{128}
\initial {N}
-\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {next-screen-line ()}}{122}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{122}
+\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {next-screen-line ()}}{123}
+\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{123}
\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{130}
-\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{124}
+\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{131}
+\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{125}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{126}
-\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{127}
-\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{128}
-\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{121}
-\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{128}
+\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{127}
+\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{129}
+\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{122}
+\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{129}
\initial {Q}
-\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{124}
+\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{125}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{128}
-\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{122}
-\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{122}
-\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{128}
+\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{129}
+\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{123}
+\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{123}
+\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{129}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{124}
-\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{129}
-\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{125}
-\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{121}
-\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{130}
-\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{121}
-\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{125}
-\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{129}
-\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{128}
+\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{125}
+\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{130}
+\entry {\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{126}
+\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{122}
+\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{131}
+\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{122}
+\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{126}
+\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{130}
+\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{129}
\initial {T}
-\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{128}
-\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{124}
-\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{124}
+\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{129}
+\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{125}
+\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{125}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{128}
-\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{126}
-\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{125}
-\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{125}
-\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{125}
-\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{124}
+\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{129}
+\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{127}
+\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{126}
+\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{126}
+\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{126}
+\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{125}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{126}
-\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{123}
-\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{123}
-\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{126}
+\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{127}
+\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{124}
+\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{124}
+\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{127}
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018).
+the Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018).
-This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018,
+This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 5.0.
<h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018).
+the Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018,
+<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.0.
</p>
At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
or argument list.
-Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
-after expansion.
+Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous simple
+command executed in the foreground, after expansion.
Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
and placed in the environment exported to that command.
When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file.
</dd>
<dt>3 arguments</dt>
<dd><p>The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
-If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li> If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators (see <a href="#Bash-Conditional-Expressions">Bash Conditional Expressions</a>), the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
first and third arguments as operands.
The ‘<samp>-a</samp>’ and ‘<samp>-o</samp>’ operators are considered binary operators
when there are three arguments.
-If the first argument is ‘<samp>!</samp>’, the value is the negation of
+</li><li> If the first argument is ‘<samp>!</samp>’, the value is the negation of
the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
-If the first argument is exactly ‘<samp>(</samp>’ and the third argument is
+</li><li> If the first argument is exactly ‘<samp>(</samp>’ and the third argument is
exactly ‘<samp>)</samp>’, the result is the one-argument test of the second
argument.
-Otherwise, the expression is false.
-</p>
+</li><li> Otherwise, the expression is false.
+</li></ol>
+
</dd>
<dt>4 arguments</dt>
<dd><p>If the first argument is ‘<samp>!</samp>’, the result is the negation of
<dd><p>If set, Bash checks the window size after each external (non-builtin)
command and, if necessary, updates the values of
<code>LINES</code> and <code>COLUMNS</code>.
+This option is enabled by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>cmdhist</code></dt>
assigned. The <var>nameref</var> attribute is not inherited.
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><code>localvar_unset</code></dt>
+<dd><p>If set, calling <code>unset</code> on local variables in previous function scopes
+marks them so subsequent lookups find them unset until that function
+returns. This is identical to the behavior of unsetting local variables
+at the current function scope.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>login_shell</code></dt>
<dd><p>The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
(see <a href="#Invoking-Bash">Invoking Bash</a>).
This option is enabled by default.
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><code>progcomp_alias</code></dt>
+<dd><p>If set, and programmable completion is enabled, Bash treats a command
+name that doesn’t have any completions as a possible alias and attempts
+alias expansion. If it has an alias, Bash attempts programmable
+completion using the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>promptvars</code></dt>
<dd><p>If set, prompt strings undergo
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
<a name="index-expressions_002c-conditional"></a>
<p>Conditional expressions are used by the <code>[[</code> compound command
-and the <code>test</code> and <code>[</code> builtin commands.
+and the <code>test</code> and <code>[</code> builtin commands. The <code>test</code>
+and <code>[</code> commands determine their behavior based on the number
+of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any other
+command-specific actions.
</p>
-<p>Expressions may be unary or binary.
+<p>Expressions may be unary or binary,
+and are formed from the following primaries.
Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.
There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
When the <code>inherit_errexit</code> option is not enabled,
Bash clears the <samp>-e</samp> option in such subshells.
+</li><li> Enabling <small>POSIX</small> mode has the effect of setting the
+<code>shift_verbose</code> option, so numeric arguments to <code>shift</code>
+that exceed the number of positional parameters will result in an
+error message.
+
</li><li> When the <code>alias</code> builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading ‘<samp>alias </samp>’ unless the <samp>-p</samp> option
is supplied.
does not refer to an existing directory, <code>cd</code> will fail instead of
falling back to <var>physical</var> mode.
+</li><li> When the <code>cd</code> builtin cannot change a directory because the
+length of the pathname
+constructed from <code>$PWD</code> and the directory name supplied as an argument
+exceeds <var>PATH_MAX</var> when all symbolic links are expanded, <code>cd</code> will
+fail instead of attempting to use only the supplied directory name.
+
</li><li> The <code>pwd</code> builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the
current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the
<samp>-P</samp> option.
<dt><code>keymap</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-keymap"></a>
<p>Sets Readline’s idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
-Acceptable <code>keymap</code> names are
+Built-in <code>keymap</code> names are
<code>emacs</code>,
<code>emacs-standard</code>,
<code>emacs-meta</code>,
<code>vi-insert</code>.
<code>vi</code> is equivalent to <code>vi-command</code> (<code>vi-move</code> is also a
synonym); <code>emacs</code> is equivalent to <code>emacs-standard</code>.
+Applications may add additional names.
The default value is <code>emacs</code>.
The value of the <code>editing-mode</code> variable also affects the
default keymap.
find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with
the <samp>-D</samp> option to <code>complete</code> is used as the default.
+If there is no default compspec, Bash attempts alias expansion
+on the command word as a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec
+for the command word from any successful expansion
</p>
<p>Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
matching words.
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018).
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018).
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 9 November 2018). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 9 November 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
($_, an underscore.) At shell startup, set to the absolute
pathname used to invoke the shell or shell script being executed as
passed in the environment or argument list. Subsequently, expands
- to the last argument to the previous command, after expansion.
- Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
- and placed in the environment exported to that command. When
- checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file.
+ to the last argument to the previous simple command executed in the
+ foreground, after expansion. Also set to the full pathname used to
+ invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported
+ to that command. When checking mail, this parameter holds the name
+ of the mail file.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Expansions, Next: Redirections, Prev: Shell Parameters, Up: Basic Shell Features
the expression is false.
3 arguments
- The following conditions are applied in the order listed. If
- the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators
- (*note Bash Conditional Expressions::), the result of the
- expression is the result of the binary test using the first
- and third arguments as operands. The '-a' and '-o' operators
- are considered binary operators when there are three
- arguments. If the first argument is '!', the value is the
- negation of the two-argument test using the second and third
- arguments. If the first argument is exactly '(' and the third
- argument is exactly ')', the result is the one-argument test
- of the second argument. Otherwise, the expression is false.
+ The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
+
+ 1. If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ operators (*note Bash Conditional Expressions::), the
+ result of the expression is the result of the binary test
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The
+ '-a' and '-o' operators are considered binary operators
+ when there are three arguments.
+ 2. If the first argument is '!', the value is the negation
+ of the two-argument test using the second and third
+ arguments.
+ 3. If the first argument is exactly '(' and the third
+ argument is exactly ')', the result is the one-argument
+ test of the second argument.
+ 4. Otherwise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is '!', the result is the negation of
'checkwinsize'
If set, Bash checks the window size after each external
(non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the values of
- 'LINES' and 'COLUMNS'.
+ 'LINES' and 'COLUMNS'. This option is enabled by default.
'cmdhist'
If set, Bash attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
before any new value is assigned. The NAMEREF attribute is
not inherited.
+ 'localvar_unset'
+ If set, calling 'unset' on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find them
+ unset until that function returns. This is identical to the
+ behavior of unsetting local variables at the current function
+ scope.
+
'login_shell'
The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
(*note Invoking Bash::). The value may not be changed.
Programmable Completion::) are enabled. This option is
enabled by default.
+ 'progcomp_alias'
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, Bash treats a
+ command name that doesn't have any completions as a possible
+ alias and attempts alias expansion. If it has an alias, Bash
+ attempts programmable completion using the command word
+ resulting from the expanded alias.
+
'promptvars'
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command
substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after
================================
Conditional expressions are used by the '[[' compound command and the
-'test' and '[' builtin commands.
-
- Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used
-to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric
-comparison operators as well. Bash handles several filenames specially
-when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
-Bash is running provides these special files, Bash will use them;
-otherwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If the
-FILE argument to one of the primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then
-file descriptor N is checked. If the FILE argument to one of the
-primaries is one of '/dev/stdin', '/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+'test' and '[' builtin commands. The 'test' and '[' commands determine
+their behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
+those commands for any other command-specific actions.
+
+ Expressions may be unary or binary, and are formed from the following
+primaries. Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a
+file. There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as
+well. Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+expressions. If the operating system on which Bash is running provides
+these special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
+internally with this behavior: If the FILE argument to one of the
+primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then file descriptor N is checked.
+If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of '/dev/stdin',
+'/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
+respectively, is checked.
When used with '[[', the '<' and '>' operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale. The 'test' command uses ASCII ordering.
shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash
clears the '-e' option in such subshells.
- 44. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'shift_verbose'
+ option, so numeric arguments to 'shift' that exceed the number of
+ positional parameters will result in an error message.
+
+ 45. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is
supplied.
- 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 47. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 47. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+ 48. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail
instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
- 48. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 49. When the 'cd' builtin cannot change a directory because the length
+ of the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name
+ supplied as an argument exceeds PATH_MAX when all symbolic links
+ are expanded, 'cd' will fail instead of attempting to use only the
+ supplied directory name.
+
+ 50. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the '-P' option.
- 49. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
+ 51. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an
indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
- 50. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
+ 52. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'.
- 51. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 53. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'.
- 52. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
+ 54. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when
the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and
'$EDITOR'.
- 53. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ 55. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is
displayed, after escape characters are converted.
- 54. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
+ 56. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c'
and '-f' options.
- 55. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
+ 57. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not
interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
- 56. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+ 58. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status
greater than 128.
- 57. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+ 59. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
'keymap'
Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding
- commands. Acceptable 'keymap' names are 'emacs',
+ commands. Built-in 'keymap' names are 'emacs',
'emacs-standard', 'emacs-meta', 'emacs-ctlx', 'vi', 'vi-move',
'vi-command', and 'vi-insert'. 'vi' is equivalent to
'vi-command' ('vi-move' is also a synonym); 'emacs' is
- equivalent to 'emacs-standard'. The default value is 'emacs'.
- The value of the 'editing-mode' variable also affects the
- default keymap.
+ equivalent to 'emacs-standard'. Applications may add
+ additional names. The default value is 'emacs'. The value of
+ the 'editing-mode' variable also affects the default keymap.
'keyseq-timeout'
Specifies the duration Readline will wait for a character when
searched for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an
attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final
slash. If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec
-defined with the '-D' option to 'complete' is used as the default.
+defined with the '-D' option to 'complete' is used as the default. If
+there is no default compspec, Bash attempts alias expansion on the
+command word as a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the
+command word from any successful expansion
Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 269)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 344)
+ (line 348)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 350)
+ (line 354)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 567)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 599)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 605)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 399)
+ (line 403)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 704)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 417)
+ (line 421)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f891
-Node: Introduction\7f2805
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3021
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4135
-Node: Definitions\7f6673
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9624
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f10843
-Node: Shell Operation\7f11869
-Node: Quoting\7f13162
-Node: Escape Character\7f14462
-Node: Single Quotes\7f14947
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15295
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16573
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17832
-Node: Comments\7f18728
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19346
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20218
-Node: Pipelines\7f20849
-Node: Lists\7f23781
-Node: Compound Commands\7f25520
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f26532
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f29027
-Node: Command Grouping\7f40110
-Node: Coprocesses\7f41589
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f43492
-Node: Shell Functions\7f47550
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f54633
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f59046
-Node: Special Parameters\7f59946
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f63660
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f65783
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f68507
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f71124
-Node: Command Substitution\7f85580
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f86935
-Node: Process Substitution\7f87867
-Node: Word Splitting\7f88987
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f90931
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f93461
-Node: Quote Removal\7f97447
-Node: Redirections\7f97742
-Node: Executing Commands\7f107300
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f107970
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f109900
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f112276
-Node: Environment\7f115260
-Node: Exit Status\7f116919
-Node: Signals\7f118589
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f120556
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f123071
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f125109
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f145767
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f174675
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f175020
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f185433
-Node: Special Builtins\7f202303
-Node: Shell Variables\7f203282
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f203719
-Node: Bash Variables\7f205823
-Node: Bash Features\7f236283
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f237182
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f243195
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f248298
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f248708
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f249357
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f250172
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f253659
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f258025
-Node: Aliases\7f260842
-Node: Arrays\7f263390
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f268756
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f269540
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f272508
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f275274
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f277099
-Node: Job Control\7f287514
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f287974
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f292942
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f297669
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f298825
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f300496
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f302119
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f303310
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f305093
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f306053
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f307971
-Node: Searching\7f309015
-Node: Readline Init File\7f311201
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f312348
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f332748
-Node: Sample Init File\7f336944
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f340061
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f341265
-Node: Commands For History\7f343114
-Node: Commands For Text\7f347409
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f350797
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%%Page: 56 62
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%%Page: 57 63
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+b Fb(103)2021 1619 y Fs(T)2025 1752 y Fb(tilde)h(expansion)7
b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22
b Fb(23)2025 1845 y(tok)n(en)17 b Fc(:)12 b(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(19)2025 2515 y(v)l(ariables,)f
(readline)7 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22
-b Fb(110)2021 2876 y Fs(W)2025 3010 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b
+b Fb(111)2021 2876 y Fs(W)2025 3010 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b
Fc(:)j(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2025 3097
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(31)2021 3458 y Fs(Y)2025
3586 y Fb(y)n(anking)h(text)13 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(108)p eop end
+g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(109)p eop end
%%Trailer
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
When the @code{inherit_errexit} option is not enabled,
Bash clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells.
+@item
+Enabling @sc{posix} mode has the effect of setting the
+@code{shift_verbose} option, so numeric arguments to @code{shift}
+that exceed the number of positional parameters will result in an
+error message.
+
@item
When the @code{alias} builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading @samp{alias } unless the @option{-p} option
does not refer to an existing directory, @code{cd} will fail instead of
falling back to @var{physical} mode.
+@item
+When the @code{cd} builtin cannot change a directory because the
+length of the pathname
+constructed from @code{$PWD} and the directory name supplied as an argument
+exceeds @var{PATH_MAX} when all symbolic links are expanded, @code{cd} will
+fail instead of attempting to use only the supplied directory name.
+
@item
The @code{pwd} builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the
current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the
@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{61}
@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{65}
@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{71}
-@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{72}
-@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{72}
-@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{72}
-@numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{84}
-@numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{84}
-@numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{86}
-@numsecentry{Interactive Shells}{6.3}{Interactive Shells}{87}
-@numsubsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6.3.1}{What is an Interactive Shell?}{88}
-@numsubsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6.3.2}{Is this Shell Interactive?}{88}
-@numsubsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6.3.3}{Interactive Shell Behavior}{88}
-@numsecentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6.4}{Bash Conditional Expressions}{89}
-@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{91}
-@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{92}
-@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{93}
-@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{95}
-@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{95}
-@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{96}
-@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{97}
-@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{98}
-@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{102}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{102}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{103}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{105}
-@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{106}
-@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{106}
-@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{106}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{107}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{107}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{108}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{108}
-@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{108}
-@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{109}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{109}
-@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{117}
-@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{118}
-@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{121}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{121}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{122}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{123}
-@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{125}
-@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{126}
-@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{126}
-@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{128}
-@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{128}
-@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{130}
-@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{131}
-@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{133}
-@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{137}
-@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{140}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{140}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{140}
-@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{142}
-@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{143}
-@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{143}
-@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{144}
-@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{146}
-@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{146}
-@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{147}
-@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{147}
-@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{147}
-@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{148}
-@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{148}
-@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{148}
-@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{149}
-@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{154}
-@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{155}
-@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{159}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{161}
-@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{169}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{169}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{170}
-@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{171}
-@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{173}
-@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{175}
+@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{73}
+@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{73}
+@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{73}
+@numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{85}
+@numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{85}
+@numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{87}
+@numsecentry{Interactive Shells}{6.3}{Interactive Shells}{88}
+@numsubsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6.3.1}{What is an Interactive Shell?}{89}
+@numsubsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6.3.2}{Is this Shell Interactive?}{89}
+@numsubsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6.3.3}{Interactive Shell Behavior}{89}
+@numsecentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6.4}{Bash Conditional Expressions}{90}
+@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{92}
+@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{93}
+@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{94}
+@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{96}
+@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{96}
+@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{97}
+@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{98}
+@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{99}
+@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{103}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{103}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{104}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{106}
+@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{107}
+@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{107}
+@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{107}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{108}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{108}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{109}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{109}
+@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{109}
+@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{110}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{110}
+@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{118}
+@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{119}
+@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{122}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{122}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{123}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{124}
+@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{126}
+@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{127}
+@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{127}
+@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{129}
+@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{129}
+@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{131}
+@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{132}
+@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{134}
+@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{138}
+@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{141}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{141}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{141}
+@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{143}
+@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{144}
+@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{144}
+@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{145}
+@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{147}
+@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{147}
+@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{148}
+@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{148}
+@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{148}
+@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{149}
+@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{149}
+@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{149}
+@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{150}
+@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{155}
+@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{156}
+@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{160}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{162}
+@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{170}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{170}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{171}
+@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{172}
+@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{174}
+@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{176}
\entry{$0}{22}{\code {$0}}
\entry{_}{22}{\code {_}}
\entry{$_}{22}{\code {$_}}
-\entry{CDPATH}{72}{\code {CDPATH}}
-\entry{HOME}{72}{\code {HOME}}
-\entry{IFS}{72}{\code {IFS}}
-\entry{MAIL}{72}{\code {MAIL}}
-\entry{MAILPATH}{72}{\code {MAILPATH}}
-\entry{OPTARG}{72}{\code {OPTARG}}
-\entry{OPTIND}{72}{\code {OPTIND}}
-\entry{PATH}{72}{\code {PATH}}
-\entry{PS1}{72}{\code {PS1}}
-\entry{PS2}{72}{\code {PS2}}
-\entry{BASH}{72}{\code {BASH}}
-\entry{BASHOPTS}{73}{\code {BASHOPTS}}
-\entry{BASHPID}{73}{\code {BASHPID}}
-\entry{BASH_ALIASES}{73}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}
-\entry{BASH_ARGC}{73}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
-\entry{BASH_ARGV}{73}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
-\entry{BASH_ARGV0}{73}{\code {BASH_ARGV0}}
-\entry{BASH_CMDS}{74}{\code {BASH_CMDS}}
-\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{74}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
-\entry{BASH_COMPAT}{74}{\code {BASH_COMPAT}}
-\entry{BASH_ENV}{74}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
-\entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{74}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
-\entry{BASH_LINENO}{74}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
-\entry{BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}{74}{\code {BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}}
-\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{74}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
-\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{75}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
-\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{75}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
-\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{75}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
-\entry{BASH_VERSION}{75}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
-\entry{BASH_XTRACEFD}{75}{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}
-\entry{CHILD_MAX}{75}{\code {CHILD_MAX}}
-\entry{COLUMNS}{75}{\code {COLUMNS}}
-\entry{COMP_CWORD}{76}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
-\entry{COMP_LINE}{76}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
-\entry{COMP_POINT}{76}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
-\entry{COMP_TYPE}{76}{\code {COMP_TYPE}}
-\entry{COMP_KEY}{76}{\code {COMP_KEY}}
-\entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{76}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
-\entry{COMP_WORDS}{76}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
-\entry{COMPREPLY}{76}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
-\entry{COPROC}{76}{\code {COPROC}}
-\entry{DIRSTACK}{77}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
-\entry{EMACS}{77}{\code {EMACS}}
-\entry{ENV}{77}{\code {ENV}}
-\entry{EPOCHREALTIME}{77}{\code {EPOCHREALTIME}}
-\entry{EPOCHSECONDS}{77}{\code {EPOCHSECONDS}}
-\entry{EUID}{77}{\code {EUID}}
-\entry{EXECIGNORE}{77}{\code {EXECIGNORE}}
-\entry{FCEDIT}{77}{\code {FCEDIT}}
-\entry{FIGNORE}{77}{\code {FIGNORE}}
-\entry{FUNCNAME}{77}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
-\entry{FUNCNEST}{78}{\code {FUNCNEST}}
-\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{78}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
-\entry{GROUPS}{78}{\code {GROUPS}}
-\entry{histchars}{78}{\code {histchars}}
-\entry{HISTCMD}{78}{\code {HISTCMD}}
-\entry{HISTCONTROL}{78}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
-\entry{HISTFILE}{79}{\code {HISTFILE}}
-\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{79}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
-\entry{HISTIGNORE}{79}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
-\entry{HISTSIZE}{79}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
-\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{79}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
-\entry{HOSTFILE}{79}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
-\entry{HOSTNAME}{79}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
-\entry{HOSTTYPE}{80}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
-\entry{IGNOREEOF}{80}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
-\entry{INPUTRC}{80}{\code {INPUTRC}}
-\entry{INSIDE_EMACS}{80}{\code {INSIDE_EMACS}}
-\entry{LANG}{80}{\code {LANG}}
-\entry{LC_ALL}{80}{\code {LC_ALL}}
-\entry{LC_COLLATE}{80}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
-\entry{LC_CTYPE}{80}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
-\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{80}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
-\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{80}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
-\entry{LC_TIME}{80}{\code {LC_TIME}}
-\entry{LINENO}{80}{\code {LINENO}}
-\entry{LINES}{80}{\code {LINES}}
-\entry{MACHTYPE}{80}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
-\entry{MAILCHECK}{80}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
-\entry{MAPFILE}{81}{\code {MAPFILE}}
-\entry{OLDPWD}{81}{\code {OLDPWD}}
-\entry{OPTERR}{81}{\code {OPTERR}}
-\entry{OSTYPE}{81}{\code {OSTYPE}}
-\entry{PIPESTATUS}{81}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
-\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{81}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
-\entry{PPID}{81}{\code {PPID}}
-\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{81}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
-\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{81}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
-\entry{PS0}{81}{\code {PS0}}
-\entry{PS3}{81}{\code {PS3}}
-\entry{PS4}{81}{\code {PS4}}
-\entry{PWD}{81}{\code {PWD}}
-\entry{RANDOM}{82}{\code {RANDOM}}
-\entry{READLINE_LINE}{82}{\code {READLINE_LINE}}
-\entry{READLINE_POINT}{82}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
-\entry{REPLY}{82}{\code {REPLY}}
-\entry{SECONDS}{82}{\code {SECONDS}}
-\entry{SHELL}{82}{\code {SHELL}}
-\entry{SHELLOPTS}{82}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
-\entry{SHLVL}{82}{\code {SHLVL}}
-\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{82}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
-\entry{TMOUT}{83}{\code {TMOUT}}
-\entry{TMPDIR}{83}{\code {TMPDIR}}
-\entry{UID}{83}{\code {UID}}
-\entry{auto_resume}{105}{\code {auto_resume}}
-\entry{bell-style}{110}{\code {bell-style}}
-\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{110}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
-\entry{blink-matching-paren}{110}{\code {blink-matching-paren}}
-\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{110}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}
-\entry{colored-stats}{110}{\code {colored-stats}}
-\entry{comment-begin}{110}{\code {comment-begin}}
-\entry{completion-display-width}{110}{\code {completion-display-width}}
-\entry{completion-ignore-case}{111}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
-\entry{completion-map-case}{111}{\code {completion-map-case}}
-\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{111}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
-\entry{completion-query-items}{111}{\code {completion-query-items}}
-\entry{convert-meta}{111}{\code {convert-meta}}
-\entry{disable-completion}{111}{\code {disable-completion}}
-\entry{echo-control-characters}{111}{\code {echo-control-characters}}
-\entry{editing-mode}{111}{\code {editing-mode}}
-\entry{emacs-mode-string}{111}{\code {emacs-mode-string}}
-\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{112}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}
-\entry{enable-keypad}{112}{\code {enable-keypad}}
-\entry{expand-tilde}{112}{\code {expand-tilde}}
-\entry{history-preserve-point}{112}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
-\entry{history-size}{112}{\code {history-size}}
-\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{112}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
-\entry{input-meta}{113}{\code {input-meta}}
-\entry{meta-flag}{113}{\code {meta-flag}}
-\entry{isearch-terminators}{113}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
-\entry{keymap}{113}{\code {keymap}}
-\entry{mark-modified-lines}{113}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
-\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{113}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
-\entry{match-hidden-files}{114}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
-\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{114}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}
-\entry{output-meta}{114}{\code {output-meta}}
-\entry{page-completions}{114}{\code {page-completions}}
-\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{114}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
-\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{114}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
-\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{114}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
-\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{114}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
-\entry{skip-completed-text}{115}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
-\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{115}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}
-\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{115}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}
-\entry{visible-stats}{115}{\code {visible-stats}}
+\entry{CDPATH}{73}{\code {CDPATH}}
+\entry{HOME}{73}{\code {HOME}}
+\entry{IFS}{73}{\code {IFS}}
+\entry{MAIL}{73}{\code {MAIL}}
+\entry{MAILPATH}{73}{\code {MAILPATH}}
+\entry{OPTARG}{73}{\code {OPTARG}}
+\entry{OPTIND}{73}{\code {OPTIND}}
+\entry{PATH}{73}{\code {PATH}}
+\entry{PS1}{73}{\code {PS1}}
+\entry{PS2}{73}{\code {PS2}}
+\entry{BASH}{73}{\code {BASH}}
+\entry{BASHOPTS}{74}{\code {BASHOPTS}}
+\entry{BASHPID}{74}{\code {BASHPID}}
+\entry{BASH_ALIASES}{74}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}
+\entry{BASH_ARGC}{74}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
+\entry{BASH_ARGV}{74}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
+\entry{BASH_ARGV0}{74}{\code {BASH_ARGV0}}
+\entry{BASH_CMDS}{75}{\code {BASH_CMDS}}
+\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{75}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
+\entry{BASH_COMPAT}{75}{\code {BASH_COMPAT}}
+\entry{BASH_ENV}{75}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
+\entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{75}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
+\entry{BASH_LINENO}{75}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
+\entry{BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}{75}{\code {BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}}
+\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{75}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
+\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{76}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
+\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{76}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
+\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{76}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
+\entry{BASH_VERSION}{76}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
+\entry{BASH_XTRACEFD}{76}{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}
+\entry{CHILD_MAX}{76}{\code {CHILD_MAX}}
+\entry{COLUMNS}{76}{\code {COLUMNS}}
+\entry{COMP_CWORD}{77}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
+\entry{COMP_LINE}{77}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
+\entry{COMP_POINT}{77}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
+\entry{COMP_TYPE}{77}{\code {COMP_TYPE}}
+\entry{COMP_KEY}{77}{\code {COMP_KEY}}
+\entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{77}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
+\entry{COMP_WORDS}{77}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
+\entry{COMPREPLY}{77}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
+\entry{COPROC}{77}{\code {COPROC}}
+\entry{DIRSTACK}{78}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
+\entry{EMACS}{78}{\code {EMACS}}
+\entry{ENV}{78}{\code {ENV}}
+\entry{EPOCHREALTIME}{78}{\code {EPOCHREALTIME}}
+\entry{EPOCHSECONDS}{78}{\code {EPOCHSECONDS}}
+\entry{EUID}{78}{\code {EUID}}
+\entry{EXECIGNORE}{78}{\code {EXECIGNORE}}
+\entry{FCEDIT}{78}{\code {FCEDIT}}
+\entry{FIGNORE}{78}{\code {FIGNORE}}
+\entry{FUNCNAME}{78}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
+\entry{FUNCNEST}{79}{\code {FUNCNEST}}
+\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{79}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
+\entry{GROUPS}{79}{\code {GROUPS}}
+\entry{histchars}{79}{\code {histchars}}
+\entry{HISTCMD}{79}{\code {HISTCMD}}
+\entry{HISTCONTROL}{79}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
+\entry{HISTFILE}{80}{\code {HISTFILE}}
+\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{80}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
+\entry{HISTIGNORE}{80}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
+\entry{HISTSIZE}{80}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
+\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{80}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
+\entry{HOSTFILE}{80}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
+\entry{HOSTNAME}{80}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
+\entry{HOSTTYPE}{81}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
+\entry{IGNOREEOF}{81}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
+\entry{INPUTRC}{81}{\code {INPUTRC}}
+\entry{INSIDE_EMACS}{81}{\code {INSIDE_EMACS}}
+\entry{LANG}{81}{\code {LANG}}
+\entry{LC_ALL}{81}{\code {LC_ALL}}
+\entry{LC_COLLATE}{81}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
+\entry{LC_CTYPE}{81}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
+\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{81}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
+\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{81}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
+\entry{LC_TIME}{81}{\code {LC_TIME}}
+\entry{LINENO}{81}{\code {LINENO}}
+\entry{LINES}{81}{\code {LINES}}
+\entry{MACHTYPE}{81}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
+\entry{MAILCHECK}{81}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
+\entry{MAPFILE}{82}{\code {MAPFILE}}
+\entry{OLDPWD}{82}{\code {OLDPWD}}
+\entry{OPTERR}{82}{\code {OPTERR}}
+\entry{OSTYPE}{82}{\code {OSTYPE}}
+\entry{PIPESTATUS}{82}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
+\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{82}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
+\entry{PPID}{82}{\code {PPID}}
+\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{82}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
+\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{82}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
+\entry{PS0}{82}{\code {PS0}}
+\entry{PS3}{82}{\code {PS3}}
+\entry{PS4}{82}{\code {PS4}}
+\entry{PWD}{82}{\code {PWD}}
+\entry{RANDOM}{83}{\code {RANDOM}}
+\entry{READLINE_LINE}{83}{\code {READLINE_LINE}}
+\entry{READLINE_POINT}{83}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
+\entry{REPLY}{83}{\code {REPLY}}
+\entry{SECONDS}{83}{\code {SECONDS}}
+\entry{SHELL}{83}{\code {SHELL}}
+\entry{SHELLOPTS}{83}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
+\entry{SHLVL}{83}{\code {SHLVL}}
+\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{83}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
+\entry{TMOUT}{84}{\code {TMOUT}}
+\entry{TMPDIR}{84}{\code {TMPDIR}}
+\entry{UID}{84}{\code {UID}}
+\entry{auto_resume}{106}{\code {auto_resume}}
+\entry{bell-style}{111}{\code {bell-style}}
+\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{111}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
+\entry{blink-matching-paren}{111}{\code {blink-matching-paren}}
+\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{111}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}
+\entry{colored-stats}{111}{\code {colored-stats}}
+\entry{comment-begin}{111}{\code {comment-begin}}
+\entry{completion-display-width}{111}{\code {completion-display-width}}
+\entry{completion-ignore-case}{112}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
+\entry{completion-map-case}{112}{\code {completion-map-case}}
+\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{112}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
+\entry{completion-query-items}{112}{\code {completion-query-items}}
+\entry{convert-meta}{112}{\code {convert-meta}}
+\entry{disable-completion}{112}{\code {disable-completion}}
+\entry{echo-control-characters}{112}{\code {echo-control-characters}}
+\entry{editing-mode}{112}{\code {editing-mode}}
+\entry{emacs-mode-string}{112}{\code {emacs-mode-string}}
+\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{113}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}
+\entry{enable-keypad}{113}{\code {enable-keypad}}
+\entry{expand-tilde}{113}{\code {expand-tilde}}
+\entry{history-preserve-point}{113}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
+\entry{history-size}{113}{\code {history-size}}
+\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{113}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
+\entry{input-meta}{114}{\code {input-meta}}
+\entry{meta-flag}{114}{\code {meta-flag}}
+\entry{isearch-terminators}{114}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
+\entry{keymap}{114}{\code {keymap}}
+\entry{mark-modified-lines}{114}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
+\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{114}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
+\entry{match-hidden-files}{115}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
+\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{115}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}
+\entry{output-meta}{115}{\code {output-meta}}
+\entry{page-completions}{115}{\code {page-completions}}
+\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{115}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
+\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{115}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
+\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{115}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
+\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{115}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
+\entry{skip-completed-text}{116}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
+\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{116}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}
+\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{116}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}
+\entry{visible-stats}{116}{\code {visible-stats}}
\initial {0}
\entry {\code {0}}{22}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{105}
+\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{106}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {BASH}}{72}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{73}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{73}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{73}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV0}}{73}
-\entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_COMPAT}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{74}
-\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{75}
-\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{75}
-\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{75}
-\entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{75}
-\entry {\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{75}
-\entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{73}
-\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{73}
-\entry {\code {bell-style}}{110}
-\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{110}
-\entry {\code {blink-matching-paren}}{110}
+\entry {\code {BASH}}{73}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{74}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{74}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{74}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV0}}{74}
+\entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_COMPAT}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_LOADABLES_PATH}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{75}
+\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{76}
+\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{76}
+\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{76}
+\entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{76}
+\entry {\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{76}
+\entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{74}
+\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{74}
+\entry {\code {bell-style}}{111}
+\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{111}
+\entry {\code {blink-matching-paren}}{111}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{72}
-\entry {\code {CHILD_MAX}}{75}
-\entry {\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{110}
-\entry {\code {colored-stats}}{110}
-\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{75}
-\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{110}
-\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{76}
-\entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{76}
-\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{76}
-\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{76}
-\entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{76}
-\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{76}
-\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{76}
-\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{110}
-\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{111}
-\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{111}
-\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{111}
-\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{111}
-\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{76}
-\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{111}
-\entry {\code {COPROC}}{76}
+\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{73}
+\entry {\code {CHILD_MAX}}{76}
+\entry {\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{111}
+\entry {\code {colored-stats}}{111}
+\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{76}
+\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{111}
+\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{77}
+\entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{77}
+\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{77}
+\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{77}
+\entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{77}
+\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{77}
+\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{77}
+\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{111}
+\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{112}
+\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{112}
+\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{112}
+\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{112}
+\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{77}
+\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{112}
+\entry {\code {COPROC}}{77}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{77}
-\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{111}
+\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{78}
+\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{112}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {echo-control-characters}}{111}
-\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{111}
-\entry {\code {emacs-mode-string}}{111}
-\entry {\code {EMACS}}{77}
-\entry {\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{112}
-\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{112}
-\entry {\code {ENV}}{77}
-\entry {\code {EPOCHREALTIME}}{77}
-\entry {\code {EPOCHSECONDS}}{77}
-\entry {\code {EUID}}{77}
-\entry {\code {EXECIGNORE}}{77}
-\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{112}
+\entry {\code {echo-control-characters}}{112}
+\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{112}
+\entry {\code {emacs-mode-string}}{112}
+\entry {\code {EMACS}}{78}
+\entry {\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{113}
+\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{113}
+\entry {\code {ENV}}{78}
+\entry {\code {EPOCHREALTIME}}{78}
+\entry {\code {EPOCHSECONDS}}{78}
+\entry {\code {EUID}}{78}
+\entry {\code {EXECIGNORE}}{78}
+\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{113}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{77}
-\entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{77}
-\entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{77}
-\entry {\code {FUNCNEST}}{78}
+\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{78}
+\entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{78}
+\entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{78}
+\entry {\code {FUNCNEST}}{79}
\initial {G}
-\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{78}
-\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{78}
+\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{79}
+\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{79}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {histchars}}{78}
-\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{78}
-\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{78}
-\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{79}
-\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{79}
-\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{79}
-\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{112}
-\entry {\code {history-size}}{112}
-\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{79}
-\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{79}
-\entry {\code {HOME}}{72}
-\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{112}
-\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{79}
-\entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{79}
-\entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{80}
+\entry {\code {histchars}}{79}
+\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{79}
+\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{79}
+\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{80}
+\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{80}
+\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{80}
+\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{113}
+\entry {\code {history-size}}{113}
+\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{80}
+\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{80}
+\entry {\code {HOME}}{73}
+\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{113}
+\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{80}
+\entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{80}
+\entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{81}
\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {IFS}}{72}
-\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{80}
-\entry {\code {input-meta}}{113}
-\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{80}
-\entry {\code {INSIDE_EMACS}}{80}
-\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{113}
+\entry {\code {IFS}}{73}
+\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{81}
+\entry {\code {input-meta}}{114}
+\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{81}
+\entry {\code {INSIDE_EMACS}}{81}
+\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{114}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {keymap}}{113}
+\entry {\code {keymap}}{114}
\initial {L}
-\entry {\code {LANG}}{80}
-\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{80}
-\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{80}
-\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{80}
-\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 80}
-\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{80}
-\entry {\code {LC_TIME}}{80}
-\entry {\code {LINENO}}{80}
-\entry {\code {LINES}}{80}
+\entry {\code {LANG}}{81}
+\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{81}
+\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{81}
+\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{81}
+\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 81}
+\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{81}
+\entry {\code {LC_TIME}}{81}
+\entry {\code {LINENO}}{81}
+\entry {\code {LINES}}{81}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{80}
-\entry {\code {MAIL}}{72}
-\entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{80}
-\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{72}
-\entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{81}
-\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{113}
-\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{113}
-\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{114}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{114}
-\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{113}
+\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{81}
+\entry {\code {MAIL}}{73}
+\entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{81}
+\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{73}
+\entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{82}
+\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{114}
+\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{114}
+\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{115}
+\entry {\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{115}
+\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{114}
\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{81}
-\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{72}
-\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{81}
-\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{72}
-\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{81}
-\entry {\code {output-meta}}{114}
+\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{82}
+\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{73}
+\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{82}
+\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{73}
+\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{82}
+\entry {\code {output-meta}}{115}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {page-completions}}{114}
-\entry {\code {PATH}}{72}
-\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{81}
-\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{81}
-\entry {\code {PPID}}{81}
-\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{81}
-\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{81}
-\entry {\code {PS0}}{81}
-\entry {\code {PS1}}{72}
-\entry {\code {PS2}}{72}
-\entry {\code {PS3}}{81}
-\entry {\code {PS4}}{81}
-\entry {\code {PWD}}{81}
+\entry {\code {page-completions}}{115}
+\entry {\code {PATH}}{73}
+\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{82}
+\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{82}
+\entry {\code {PPID}}{82}
+\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{82}
+\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{82}
+\entry {\code {PS0}}{82}
+\entry {\code {PS1}}{73}
+\entry {\code {PS2}}{73}
+\entry {\code {PS3}}{82}
+\entry {\code {PS4}}{82}
+\entry {\code {PWD}}{82}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{82}
-\entry {\code {READLINE_LINE}}{82}
-\entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{82}
-\entry {\code {REPLY}}{82}
-\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{114}
+\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{83}
+\entry {\code {READLINE_LINE}}{83}
+\entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{83}
+\entry {\code {REPLY}}{83}
+\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{115}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{82}
-\entry {\code {SHELL}}{82}
-\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{82}
-\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{82}
-\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{114}
-\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{114}
-\entry {\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{114}
-\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{115}
+\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{83}
+\entry {\code {SHELL}}{83}
+\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{83}
+\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{83}
+\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{115}
+\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{115}
+\entry {\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{115}
+\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{116}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7}
-\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{82}
-\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{83}
-\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{83}
+\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{83}
+\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{84}
+\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{84}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {UID}}{83}
+\entry {\code {UID}}{84}
\initial {V}
-\entry {\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{115}
-\entry {\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{115}
-\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{115}
+\entry {\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{116}
+\entry {\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{116}
+\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{116}
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
(non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ default.
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
- with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
command's =\b=~\b~ operator and locale-specific string compar-
- ison when using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b>
- operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
+ ison when using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b>
+ operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
collation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur-
rent locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
- command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
- with the next command in the list after one terminates
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
+ command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
+ with the next command in the list after one terminates
due to an interrupt.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see description of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1) and the effect of inter-
- rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later
- interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter-
- rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see description of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1) and the effect of inter-
+ rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later
+ interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter-
+ rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
in the list.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, treats a single quote
- in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
- character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
- considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
- through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, treats a single quote
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
+ character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
+ ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
+ considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
+ through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not process the replacement string in
- the pattern substitution word expansion using quote
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not process the replacement string in
+ the pattern substitution word expansion using quote
removal.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print a warning message if an
- attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign-
- ment as an argument to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, makes word expansion
- errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command
- to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print a warning message if an
+ attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign-
+ ment as an argument to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, makes word expansion
+ errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command
+ to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal
errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset
- the loop state when a shell function is executed (this
- allows b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in a shell function to affect
+ the loop state when a shell function is executed (this
+ allows b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in a shell function to affect
loops in the caller's context).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves the positional parameters to
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves the positional parameters to
BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless
of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that
- expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that
+ expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the
- debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to
- the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set after invocation, behav-
+ If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the
+ debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to
+ the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set after invocation, behav-
ior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
parisons. That is, the current locale's collating
- sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
- late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
+ sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
+ late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
ASCII characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt
If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes
of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous
- scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref
+ scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref
attribute is not inherited.
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn above) are enabled. This option is
enabled by default.
+ p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion
+ using the command word resulting from the expanded
+ alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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+%%CreationDate: Fri Nov 9 14:50:19 2018
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(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 354 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
366 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09
(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
-(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 378 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G
-(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2
-(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 390 Q F0 1.202
-(If set,)184 390 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502
--.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
+(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 378 Q 4.693(,u)-.65 G
+2.193(pdates the v)-4.693 F 2.193(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)4.693 E F0
+(and)4.443 E F2(COLUMNS)4.694 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.194
+(This option is enabled by)6.694 F(def)184 390 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(cmdhist)
+144 402 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 402 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-402 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132
-(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 414 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613
-(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614
-(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 426 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
-(compat31)144 438 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 450 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42
-(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
-(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)
-184 462 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1
+414 Q 6.132(.T)-.65 G 1.132(his allo)-6.132 F 1.132
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.133
+(This option is enabled by)6.133 F(def)184 426 Q .614(ault, b)-.1 F .614
+(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .613
+(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .913 -.15
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 438 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
+(compat31)144 450 Q F0 .419(If set,)184 462 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419
+(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42
+(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)
+184 474 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1
(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71
-(using the)184 474 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s)
+(using the)184 486 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s)
-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash)
-3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82
-(use ASCII collation and)184 486 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E
+3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821
+(use ASCII collation and)184 498 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E
(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale')
-.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 498 Q F4(str)
-2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 510 Q F0 1.41(If set,)
-184 522 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409
-(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
-(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422
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(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
-348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G
+348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G
(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 360 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 372 Q(eedit)-.18
-E F0 .575(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
-(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576
-(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
-(tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
+E F0 .576(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
+(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575
+(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F
+(tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402
(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
-(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
-G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
+2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661
+(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161
+G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
-(hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
-G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181
-(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184
-480 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
-(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E
-F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
+(hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.681
+G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182
+(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184
+480 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
+(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E
+F3(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 504 Q F0(If set,)
184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
-.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 528 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
+.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 528 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219
(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 540 R .219(alue of the)
--.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting)
+-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting)
2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 552 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F
(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E
F1(interacti)144 564 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)
(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967
(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 588 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25
H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15
-G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 600 Q
+G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 600 Q
(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 612 Q F0 .066
(If set, and job control is not acti)184 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t)
.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en)
-184 624 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 636 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)
-184 636 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654
+184 624 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 636 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)
+184 636 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654
(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F
+3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
(with embedded ne)184 648 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(localv)144 660 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 672 R
+(localv)144 660 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 672 R
.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422
(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
-684 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
-(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173
-(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 696 Q
+684 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
+(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174
+(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 696 Q
(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(localv)144 84 Q
+(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 96 R F1(unset)2.829 E F0
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+(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 132 Q
F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
-96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)
-2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S
-(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815
-(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814
-(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F
--.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
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+(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 168 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814
+(If set, and a \214le that)184 180 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815
+(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F
+-.1(wa)184 192 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0
(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1
-(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18
-(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E
-F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F
-(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1
-(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436
-(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25
-H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S
+(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 204 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18
+(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E
+F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)
+-.189 E F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F
+(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 228 Q F1
+(nocaseglob)144 240 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436
+(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25
+H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 264 S
(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184
-240 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)
-3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05
-F .551(while e)184 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 276 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184
+288 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)
+3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05
+F .551(while e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0
(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551
(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1
-(wo)184 264 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\
-le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 276 Q F1
-(nullglob)144 288 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)
-3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)
-3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354
-(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 312 S
+(wo)184 312 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\
+le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 324 Q F1
+(nullglob)144 336 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 348 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)
+3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)
+3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355
+(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 360 S
(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144
-324 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184
-336 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
-(are enabled.)184 348 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(pr)144 360 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448
-(If set, prompt strings under)184 372 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F
-1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 384
-S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17
+372 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184
+384 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
+(are enabled.)184 396 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(pr)144 408 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124
+(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 420 R F1(bash)4.624
+E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 432 Q 3.289(th)
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+(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788
+(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 444 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0
+1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473
+(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 456 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr)
+144 468 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)
+184 480 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 492 S .17
+(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17
(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E
(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E
-(This option is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 408
+(This option is enabled by def)184 504 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 516
S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
-184 420 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 432 Q 2.86
+184 528 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 540 Q 2.86
(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36
(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 444 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E
+(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 552 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E
-F1(shift_v)144 456 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 468 R F1
+F1(shift_v)144 564 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 576 R F1
(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501
(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501
-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 480 Q F1(sour)
-144 492 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 504 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce)
+(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 588 Q F1(sour)
+144 600 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 612 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce)
-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F
.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771
(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F
-(\214le supplied as an ar)184 516 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
-(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 528 Q F0
-(If set, the)184 540 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
+(\214le supplied as an ar)184 624 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
+(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 636 Q F0
+(If set, the)184 648 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)
-108 556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 568.8 R
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-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001
-(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144
580.8 R F1<ad66>
+(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144
688.8 R F1<ad66>
2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022
(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is)
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+5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 700.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E
F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5
-E F1(test)108 609.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 621.6 Q F3 -.2
-(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878
-(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 621.6 R .877
-(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877
-(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 633.6
-S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
-(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
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-(primaries described abo)144 645.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
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-E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785
-(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 675.6 R .786
-(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412
-(dence. The)144 687.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912
-(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F
-4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F
-(used when there are \214v)144 699.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
-(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 711.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
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-E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(21)198.725 E 0
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-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26
-(Returns the v)180 84 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0
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+(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144
+96 R .877(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877
+(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 108 S
+(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
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+F(y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 132 Q
+(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
+E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .786
+(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412
+(dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912
+(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F
+4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F
+(used when there are \214v)144 174 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
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+(Tr)180 186 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)
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+(Returns the v)180 198 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0
5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 96 Q F2 -.2(ex)
-144
108 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 120 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
--.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 132 S(pr1).2 E
-F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S
+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 210 Q F2 -.2(ex)
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222 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
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334.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833
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448.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833
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(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180
-358.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52
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(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02
-F(ar)180 370.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0
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2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
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1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
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602.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
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(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 262.8 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 382.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
F4<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 274.8 R .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 394.8 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
-286.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
+406.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F4
<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F2 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 298.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
+-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 418.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613
F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F4<ad70>
-2.612 E F0(and)144
310.8 Q F4<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23
+2.612 E F0(and)144
430.8 Q F4<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23
F .731
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4<ad61>
-144 322.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748
+144 442.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748
(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748
(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744
-(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
334.8 R F4<ad70>
+(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
454.8 R F4<ad70>
3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744
(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144
346.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
+144
466.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
-144 358.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type)
+144 478.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type)
5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
-(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 370.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 387.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4
+(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 490.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 507.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4
(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144
-399.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244
+519.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244
(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 411.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+.943(that allo)144 531.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
(The)5.943 E F4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 543.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 435.6 R .425
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 555.6 R .425
(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F4<ad48>2.926 E
F0(nor)2.926 E F4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-447.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+567.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 459.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4
+.741(of the special v)144 579.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 471.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 591.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
483.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
603.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 495.6 Q 2.5
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 615.6 Q 2.5
(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4
-<ad61>144 507.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 507.6 Q F4
-<ad62>144 519.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 519.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 531.6 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 531.6 Q F4<ad64>144 543.6
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 543.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 555.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180
555.6 Q F4<ad66>144
-567.6 Q F0
+<ad61>144 627.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 627.6 Q F4
+<ad62>144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 639.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 651.6 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 651.6 Q F4<ad64>144 663.6
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 663.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 675.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180
675.6 Q F4<ad66>144
+687.6 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-567.6 Q F4<ad69>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-579.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 591.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 591.6 Q F4
-<ad6c>144 603.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 603.6 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 615.6 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 615.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 627.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
-e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 627.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 639.6 Q F4<ad70>144 651.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 651.6 Q F4
-<ad71>144 663.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 663.6 Q F4
-<ad72>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 675.6
-Q F4<ad73>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 687.6 Q F4<ad74>144
-699.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 699.6 Q F4
-<ad75>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 711.6 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+687.6 Q F4<ad69>144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+699.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 711.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 711.6 Q
+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 24 24
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 84 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 96
-Q F1<ad78>144 108 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 108 Q F1
-<ad50>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 120 Q F1
-<ad54>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>144 84 Q F0
+(The maximum size that may be lock)180 84 Q(ed into memory)-.1 E F1
+<ad6d>144 96 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 96 Q 2.5(ys)
+-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F0 .791
+(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not al\
+lo)180 108 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 120 Q F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 132 Q F1
+<ad71>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+180 144 Q F1<ad72>144 156 Q F0
+(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 156 Q F1<ad73>144 168 Q
+F0(The maximum stack size)180 168 Q F1<ad74>144 180 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 180 Q F1<ad75>144 192 Q
+F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 192 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 204 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 216
+Q F1<ad78>144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 228 Q F1
+<ad50>144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 240 Q F1
+<ad54>144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 252 Q(If)144 268.8
Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
-E .044(no option is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
+E .044(no option is gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144
-
172.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
+
292.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C
-1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 184.8 R 1.476
+1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 304.8 R 1.476
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.976 E F0(and)3.976 E
F1<ad66>3.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.)
--3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 196.8 R
+-3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 316.8 R
-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144
-208.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E
+328.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A
-.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 357.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-261.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 369.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+381.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 393.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .551
+(mode)144.38 405.6 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 417.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 434.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 446.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 475.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 487.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0
3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 379.2 Q F0 1.551
+-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 499.2 Q F0 1.551
(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 391.2 R F1
+4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 511.2 R F1
<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0
2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821
-F(remo)144
403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
+F(remo)144
523.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037
(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E
F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492
-(be unset rather than the v)144 415.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
+(be unset rather than the v)144 535.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1
<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F
-.221(options are supplied, each)144 427.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221
+.221(options are supplied, each)144 547.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221
(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22
(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188
-(tion with that name is unset.)144 439.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
+(tion with that name is unset.)144 559.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G
1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 451.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 571.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E
-F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 463.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
+F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 583.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E
F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348
F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144
-475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
+595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a)
--.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 492 Q
+-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 612 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144
-504 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\
+624 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\
tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)
-3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 516 R
+3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 636 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G
.009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)
--5.009 E F2(id)144.01 528 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+-5.009 E F2(id)144.01 648 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521
(hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 540 Q F1
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 660 Q F1
<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1
(wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557
(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557
(If the)5.557 F F1<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587
-(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 552 R F1(wait)3.086
+(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 672 R F1(wait)3.086
E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586
(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755
-(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 564 R(If)5.756 E
+(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 684 R(If)5.756 E
F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756
-(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 576 R
+(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 696 R
.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365
-(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 588
-Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 604.8 Q F0
-(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 616.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
-149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 708
+Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg
+EP
+%%Page: 25 25
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
+(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 84 Q
+F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 96 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565
+E(25)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.3
-%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 7 15:34:15 2018
+%%CreationDate: Fri Nov 9 14:50:19 2018
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Oct 22 09:55:52 EDT 2018
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Nov 9 14:24:49 EST 2018
@set EDITION 5.0
@set VERSION 5.0
-@set UPDATED 22 October 2018
-@set UPDATED-MONTH October 2018
+@set UPDATED 9 November 2018
+@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2018
}
#endif
-#if 0 /* TAG: bash-5.1 */
- /* Use the same expansions (POSIX leaves them unspecified) as the patterns
- but dequote the resulting string, since the quotes are handled specially
- below. */
- if (posixly_correct)
- {
- wlist = expand_word_leave_quoted (case_command->word, 0);
- if (wlist)
- {
- char *t;
- t = string_list (wlist);
- word = dequote_string (t);
- free (t);
- }
- else
- word = savestring ("");
- dispose_words (wlist);
+ /* Use the same expansions (the ones POSIX specifies) as the patterns;
+ dequote the resulting string (as POSIX specifies) since the quotes in
+ patterns are handled specially below. We have to do it in this order
+ because we're not supposed to perform word splitting. */
+ wlist = expand_word_leave_quoted (case_command->word, 0);
+ if (wlist)
+ {
+ char *t;
+ t = string_list (wlist);
+ word = dequote_string (t);
+ free (t);
}
else
-#endif
- {
- wlist = expand_word_unsplit (case_command->word, 0);
- word = wlist ? string_list (wlist) : savestring ("");
+ word = savestring ("");
dispose_words (wlist);
- }
retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
ignore_return = case_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
/* `return' does a longjmp() back to a saved environment in execute_function.
If a variable assignment list preceded the command, and the shell is
running in POSIX mode, we need to merge that into the shell_variables
- table, since `return' is a POSIX special builtin. */
- if (posixly_correct && subshell == 0 && builtin == return_builtin && temporary_env)
+ table, since `return' is a POSIX special builtin. We don't do this if
+ it's being run by the `command' builtin, since that's supposed to inhibit
+ the special builtin properties. */
+ if (posixly_correct && subshell == 0 && builtin == return_builtin && (flags & CMD_COMMAND_BUILTIN) == 0 && temporary_env)
{
begin_unwind_frame ("return_temp_env");
add_unwind_protect (merge_temporary_env, (char *)NULL);
interactive_comments = source_uses_path = expand_aliases = 1;
inherit_errexit = 1;
source_searches_cwd = 0;
+ print_shift_error = 1;
}
/* Things that should be turned on when posix mode is disabled. */
{
source_searches_cwd = 1;
expand_aliases = interactive_shell;
+ print_shift_error = 0;
}
}
: (c) == (separators)[0]) \
: 0)
+/* member of the space character class in the current locale */
+#define ifs_whitespace(c) ISSPACE(c)
+
+/* "adjacent IFS white space" */
+#define ifs_whitesep(c) ((sh_style_split || separators == 0) ? spctabnl (c) \
+ : ifs_whitespace (c))
+
WORD_LIST *
list_string (string, separators, quoted)
register char *string, *separators;
slen = 0;
/* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as
long as those characters appear in IFS. Do not do this if
- STRING is quoted or if there are no separator characters. */
+ STRING is quoted or if there are no separator characters. We use the
+ Posix definition of whitespace as a member of the space character
+ class in the current locale. */
if (!quoted || !separators || !*separators)
{
- for (s = string; *s && spctabnl (*s) && issep (*s); s++);
+ for (s = string; *s && issep (*s) && ifs_whitespace (*s); s++);
if (!*s)
return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
/* OK, now STRING points to a word that does not begin with white space.
The splitting algorithm is:
extract a word, stopping at a separator
- skip sequences of spc, tab, or nl as long as they are separators
+ skip sequences of whitespace characters as long as they are separators
This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */
slen = STRLEN (string);
for (result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, sindex = 0; string[sindex]; )
/* If we're not doing sequences of separators in the traditional
Bourne shell style, then add a quoted null argument. */
- else if (!sh_style_split && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
+ else if (!sh_style_split && !ifs_whitespace (string[sindex]))
{
t = alloc_word_desc ();
t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0');
free (current_word);
/* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
- whitesep = string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]);
+ whitesep = string[sindex] && ifs_whitesep (string[sindex]);
/* Move past the current separator character. */
if (string[sindex])
ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
}
- /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are
+ /* Now skip sequences of whitespace characters if they are
in the list of separators. */
- while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && issep (string[sindex]))
+ while (string[sindex] && ifs_whitesep (string[sindex]) && issep (string[sindex]))
sindex++;
/* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character
is a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current
field delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an
empty field. Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
- if (string[sindex] && whitesep && issep (string[sindex]) && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
+ if (string[sindex] && whitesep && issep (string[sindex]) && !ifs_whitesep (string[sindex]))
{
sindex++;
/* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any
adjacent IFS white space, shall delimit a field. (SUSv3) */
- while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && isifs (string[sindex]))
+ while (string[sindex] && ifs_whitesep (string[sindex]) && isifs (string[sindex]))
sindex++;
}
}
XXX - this function is very similar to list_string; they should be
combined - XXX */
+/* character is in $IFS */
#define islocalsep(c) (local_cmap[(unsigned char)(c)] != 0)
char *
long as those characters appear in SEPARATORS. This happens if
SEPARATORS == $' \t\n' or if IFS is unset. */
if (sh_style_split || separators == 0)
- {
- for (; *s && spctabnl (*s) && islocalsep (*s); s++);
+ for (; *s && spctabnl (*s) && islocalsep (*s); s++);
+ else
+ for (; *s && ifs_whitespace (*s) && islocalsep (*s); s++);
- /* If the string is nothing but whitespace, update it and return. */
- if (!*s)
- {
- *stringp = s;
- if (endptr)
- *endptr = s;
- return ((char *)NULL);
- }
+ /* If the string is nothing but whitespace, update it and return. */
+ if (!*s)
+ {
+ *stringp = s;
+ if (endptr)
+ *endptr = s;
+ return ((char *)NULL);
}
/* OK, S points to a word that does not begin with white space.
*endptr = s + sindex;
/* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
- whitesep = s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]);
+ whitesep = s[sindex] && ifs_whitesep (s[sindex]);
/* Move past the current separator character. */
if (s[sindex])
a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current field
delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an empty field.
Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
- if (s[sindex] && whitesep && islocalsep (s[sindex]) && !spctabnl (s[sindex]))
+ if (s[sindex] && whitesep && islocalsep (s[sindex]) && !ifs_whitesep (s[sindex]))
{
sindex++;
/* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any adjacent
IFS white space, shall delimit a field. */
- while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && islocalsep(s[sindex]))
+ while (s[sindex] && ifs_whitesep (s[sindex]) && islocalsep(s[sindex]))
sindex++;
}
{
WORD_LIST *result;
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
- if (ifs_is_null)
- word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
- word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
- result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
- expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
-
+ result = expand_word_leave_quoted (word, quoted);
return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
}
${THIS_SH} ./case1.sub
${THIS_SH} ./case2.sub
${THIS_SH} ./case3.sub
+${THIS_SH} ./case4.sub
--- /dev/null
+shopt -s -o posix
+two="t w o"
+ten="t e
+n"
+set 1 "$two" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "$ten"
+
+unset IFS
+expvar="$*"
+case $* in
+"$expvar") ;;
+*) echo "failed 1" ;;
+esac
+
+case $* in
+$expvar) ;;
+*) echo "failed 2" ;;
+esac
+
+alias foo='oneword'
+foo_word='foo'
+case "$foo_word"
+in
+ foo) ;;
+ *) echo failed 3;;
+esac
/* We don't modify evalnest here, since run_interrupt_trap() calls
_run_trap_internal, which does. */
run_interrupt_trap (0);
- CLRINTERRUPT;
+ CLRINTERRUPT; /* interrupts don't stack */
}
#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (SIGCHLD)
else if (sig == SIGCHLD &&
#endif
free (old_trap);
sigmodes[sig] &= ~SIG_CHANGED;
+
+ CHECK_TERMSIG; /* some pathological conditions lead here */
}
if (save_return_catch_flag)
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
