doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
- array_expand_once: document new shopt option
+
+ 6/15
+ ----
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - rl_full_quoting_desired: new application-settable variable, if set
+ to non-zero by an application completion function, all completions
+ will be quoted as if they were filenames, subject to the value of
+ rl_filename_quote_characters. Initialized to 0 and reset to 0
+ by set_completion_defaults.
+ From a contribution by Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+ - QUOTING_DESIRED: new macro to check whether we should quote completions
+
+lib/readline/readline.h
+ - rl_full_quoting_desired: extern declaration
+
+lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
+ - rl_full_quoting_desired: document
+
+configure.ac
+ - bumped version to 5.3-devel
+
+pcomplete.h
+ - COPT_FULLQUOTE: new compspec option, for rl_full_quoting_desired
+
+pcomplete.c
+ - pcomp_set_readline_variables: set rl_full_quoting_desired according
+ to COPT_FULLQUOTE
+
+builtins/complete.def
+ - fullquote: add new complete/compopt option value
+
+doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
+ - fullquote: document new complete/compopt option
+
+lib/sh/timeval.c
+ - timeval_to_secs: sfp argument is now a long *; there is a new
+ maxval argument (always 10^6 for now) that determines how to
+ round; returns tv_usec in *sfp if maxval == 10^6; otherwise
+ return value is basically tv_usec/maxval with rounding
+ - print_timeval: change argument type in call to timeval_to_secs
+
+lib/sh/clock.c
+ - clock_t_to_secs: sfp argument is now a long *
+ - print_clock_t: change argument type in call to clock_t_to_secs
+
+externs.h
+ - timeval_to_seconds, clock_t_to_seconds: change prototypes
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - mkfmt,print_formatted_time: fractional seconds arguments are now
+ longs
+ - mkfmt: accept precisions up to 6; since sec_fraction is in usecs,
+ perform any necessary rounding for precisions < 6
+ - print_formatted_time: allow precision specifiers up to 6; default
+ is still 3
+ - time_command: fractional seconds variables are now long; add new
+ argument to timeval_to_secs (always 1000000)
+ - time_command: if we call clock_t_to_secs, multiply the return
+ fractional seconds value by 1000 to convert it from msec to usec
+
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
+ - TIMEFORMAT: document that the max precision is now 6
+ From https://savannah.gnu.org/support/?110343
{ "default", COPT_DEFAULT },
{ "dirnames", COPT_DIRNAMES },
{ "filenames",COPT_FILENAMES},
+ { "fullquote",COPT_FULLQUOTE},
{ "noquote", COPT_NOQUOTE },
{ "nosort", COPT_NOSORT },
{ "nospace", COPT_NOSPACE },
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.ac for Bash 5.2, version 5.052.
+# From configure.ac for Bash 5.2, version 5.053.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.2-maint.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.3-devel.
#
# Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
#
# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='bash'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='5.2-maint'
-PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.2-maint'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='5.3-devel'
+PACKAGE_STRING='bash 5.3-devel'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org'
PACKAGE_URL=''
# Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
# This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures bash 5.2-maint to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures bash 5.3-devel to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
case $ac_init_help in
- short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.2-maint:";;
+ short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 5.3-devel:";;
esac
cat <<\_ACEOF
test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
cat <<\_ACEOF
-bash configure 5.2-maint
+bash configure 5.3-devel
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
-It was created by bash $as_me 5.2-maint, which was
+It was created by bash $as_me 5.3-devel, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was
$ $0$ac_configure_args_raw
ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h"
-BASHVERS=5.2
-RELSTATUS=maint
+BASHVERS=5.3
+RELSTATUS=devel
case "$RELSTATUS" in
alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
-This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.2-maint, which was
+This file was extended by bash $as_me 5.3-devel, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71. Invocation command line was
CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped'
ac_cs_version="\\
-bash config.status 5.2-maint
+bash config.status 5.3-devel
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71,
with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.2, version 5.052])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.2, version 5.053])dnl
-define(bashvers, 5.2)
-define(relstatus, maint)
+define(bashvers, 5.3)
+define(relstatus, devel)
AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by a newline. In
this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed
- by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be used to
- specify the format of the time information.
+ by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable specifies the
+ format of the time information.
Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is
executed in a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, which is a separate process. See C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bE-\b-
The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
- no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
+ no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most six places
after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
- than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ than 6 are changed to 6. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
used.
The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
-\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
+
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
+ Tell readline to quote all the completed words
+ even if they are not filenames.
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
- fault) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
+ fault) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
generated, directory name completion is at-
tempted and any matches are added to the results
of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
- output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
are passed as with the -\b-F\bF option.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose ar-
guments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is
the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is
- the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
- rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
+ rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an option other than -\b-p\bp, -\b-r\br, -\b-D\bD, -\b-E\bE, or -\b-I\bI is supplied without a
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci-
fication for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an er-
ror occurs adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
- Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
- tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
- scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
- tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
+ tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
+ scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
+ tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that other
- supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion
- on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
- mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
completion.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
- closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
- is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
+ closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
+ is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
- tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
+ tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits
- the display of function definitions; only the function name and
+ the display of function definitions; only the function name and
attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled
- using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
+ using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
-\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or modified at
the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell func-
- tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
- local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
+ tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
+ local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
+ at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
local variable is initially unset. The following options can be
- used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
+ used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
bute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions in-
- herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
+ herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
vironment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
- the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
- variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
+ variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
used in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as
- with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
- variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
- is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
- ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
- not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
+ with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
+ variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
+ is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
+ ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
+ not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made
to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as-
sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as-
- signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
- rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
- tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
- list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
+ rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
+ tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
+ list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
from the list. The current directory is always the first direc-
tory in the stack.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
tries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
ceives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means
- to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
+ to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is
0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
- cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
- the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
+ cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
+ the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
quences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
- abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
+ abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
Bash will use the value of the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable as a
colon-separated list of directories in which to search for _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
- delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
- shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
+ delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
+ shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn is supplied,
only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the list
- printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
- not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
- stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
- plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
- load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
- were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
+ printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
+ not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
+ stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
+ plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
+ load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
+ were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what _\bl_\bo_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
- the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
- equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
- it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
- -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
+ the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
+ equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
+ it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
+ -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
- valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
+ valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by
- white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
- used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
+ used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op-
tion requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automatically;
- it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
+ it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
to be used.
When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a re-
turn value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of the
first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
- arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
stead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
T\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
- is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
+ is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
the call to l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the
function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt
- commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
- before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
+ before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
- With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
+ With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
- example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory
stack entry is specified.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcs\bsn\bnd\bdi\bio\bou\bux\bxX\bXe\be-\b-
E\bEf\bfF\bFg\bgG\bGa\baA\bA, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf interprets the following additional format spec-
ifiers:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
- format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
- the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
- string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
- the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
+ the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
+ string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
+ the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
two formats quote the argument string using single
quotes.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and
precision arguments from the format specification and write that
- many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
- gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
+ many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
+ gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
nal.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
- The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
+ The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char-
acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in
terms of characters, not bytes.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
- word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
- ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
+ word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
+ ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
- scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
- otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
- and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
standard error.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic
expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can
- perform variable assignments, and while executing
+ perform variable assignments, and while executing
builtins that perform array dereferencing.
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
Deprecated; a synonym for a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones ex-
iting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
- quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
- between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
+ quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
+ between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', even if the pattern begins with
a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
tion is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above. This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
- and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
- shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
+ and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
+ shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
not supplied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
- third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
- the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
- argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
+ third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
+ the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
+ argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
- each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
+ each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
vokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
- displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
- dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
- only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
- quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
- t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
- stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
- change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
+ only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
+ quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
+ stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
+ change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
ent's traps.
- The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
- their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
- name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
+ The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
+ name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
are case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the de-
- scription of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
- tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
- the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
- script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the de-
+ scription of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
+ tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
+ the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
+ script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
ing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\btr\bru\bue\be Does nothing, returns a 0 status.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
- exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
- name of the executable file that would be found by searching
- $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
- ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
+ exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ name of the executable file that would be found by searching
+ $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
+ ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed
- value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
- that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
- served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
+ value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
+ that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
+ served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
tions (-\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe-
- cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
+ cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
mands when using -\b-a\ba with -\b-p\bp, and only performs a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
- the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
+ the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
- the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
- S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
+ the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
- ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
- level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
- sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
- scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
+ ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
+ level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
+ sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
+ scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
versions warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
- +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
+ +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
or B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
- +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
+ +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
s\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE --
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
- The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
+ The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
command history
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/ and _\bh_\bt_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b._\bs_\ba_\bv_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bn_\ba_\bh_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bc_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b._\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bs_\bn_\ba_\bp_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b-_\bm_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be_\br_\b._\bt_\ba_\br_\b._\bg_\bz.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 5.2 2023 June 13 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.3 2023 June 15 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Tue Jun 13 10:33:46 EDT 2023
+.\" Last Change: Thu Jun 15 18:11:33 EDT 2023
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2023 June 13" "GNU Bash 5.2"
+.TH BASH 1 "2023 June 15" "GNU Bash 5.3"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
The
.SM
.B TIMEFORMAT
-variable may be used to specify the format of
-the time information.
+variable specifies the format of the time information.
.PP
Each command in a multi-command pipeline,
where pipes are created,
The optional \fIp\fP is a digit specifying the \fIprecision\fP,
the number of fractional digits after a decimal point.
A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
-At most three places after the decimal point may be specified;
-values of \fIp\fP greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+At most six places after the decimal point may be specified;
+values of \fIp\fP greater than 6 are changed to 6.
If \fIp\fP is not specified, the value 3 is used.
.IP
The optional \fBl\fP specifies a longer format, including
should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the
.B complete
builtin is invoked.
+.sp 1
.RS
.PD 0
.TP 8
quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
Intended to be used with shell functions.
.TP 8
+.B fullquote
+Tell readline to quote all the completed words even if they are not
+filenames.
+.TP 8
.B noquote
Tell readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames
(quoting filenames is the default).
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2023 June 13<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2023 June 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>TIMEFORMAT</B>
</FONT>
-variable may be used to specify the format of
-the time information.
+variable specifies the format of the time information.
<P>
Each command in a multi-command pipeline,
The optional <I>p</I> is a digit specifying the <I>precision</I>,
the number of fractional digits after a decimal point.
A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
-At most three places after the decimal point may be specified;
-values of <I>p</I> greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+At most six places after the decimal point may be specified;
+values of <I>p</I> greater than 6 are changed to 6.
If <I>p</I> is not specified, the value 3 is used.
<DT><DD>
The optional <B>l</B> specifies a longer format, including
<B>complete</B>
builtin is invoked.
+<P>
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<DL COMPACT>
filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names,
quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
Intended to be used with shell functions.
+<DT><B>fullquote</B>
+
+<DD>
+Tell readline to quote all the completed words even if they are not
+filenames.
<DT><B>noquote</B>
<DD>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2023 June 13<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2023 June 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
<DT><A HREF="#lbDI">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230612/doc/bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 13 June 2023 10:42:12 EDT
+This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/doc/bash.1.<BR>
+Time: 15 June 2023 18:17:34 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 13 June 2023).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 June 2023).
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 13 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 13 June 2023). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 June 2023). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 13 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
When the shell is in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::), 'time' may
be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the total
user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The
-'TIMEFORMAT' variable may be used to specify the format of the time
-information.
+'TIMEFORMAT' variable specifies the format of the time information.
If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (*note Lists::), the
shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
The optional P is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no
- decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places after
- the decimal point may be specified; values of P greater than 3 are
- changed to 3. If P is not specified, the value 3 is used.
+ decimal point or fraction to be output. At most six places after
+ the decimal point may be specified; values of P greater than 6 are
+ changed to 6. If P is not specified, the value 3 is used.
The optional 'l' specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
the form MMmSS.FFs. The value of P determines whether or not the
is intended to be used with shell functions specified
with '-F'.
+ 'fullquote'
+ Tell Readline to quote all the completed words even if
+ they are not filenames.
+
'noquote'
Tell Readline not to quote the completed words if they
are filenames (quoting filenames is the default).
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 36)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 244)
+ (line 248)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 90)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 154)
Node: Reserved Words\7f24815
Node: Simple Commands\7f25568
Node: Pipelines\7f26219
-Node: Lists\7f29215
-Node: Compound Commands\7f31007
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f32016
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f34508
-Node: Command Grouping\7f48993
-Node: Coprocesses\7f50468
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f53128
-Node: Shell Functions\7f54042
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f61924
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f66309
-Node: Special Parameters\7f67208
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f70419
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f72543
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75274
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77892
-Node: Command Substitution\7f96291
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99752
-Node: Process Substitution\7f100717
-Node: Word Splitting\7f101834
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f103879
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f106809
-Node: Quote Removal\7f111808
-Node: Redirections\7f112100
-Node: Executing Commands\7f121790
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122457
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124564
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f126948
-Node: Environment\7f129980
-Node: Exit Status\7f131640
-Node: Signals\7f133421
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f136867
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f139891
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f141926
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f164257
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196253
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f196595
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207190
-Node: Special Builtins\7f223194
-Node: Shell Variables\7f224170
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224604
-Node: Bash Variables\7f226705
-Node: Bash Features\7f260767
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f261777
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f267787
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f272915
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f273323
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f273969
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f274781
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f278407
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f283046
-Node: Aliases\7f286004
-Node: Arrays\7f288895
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f295455
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f296236
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f300493
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f303455
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f306062
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f321852
-Node: Job Control\7f330093
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f330550
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f335549
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f341341
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f342494
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f344162
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f345782
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f346970
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f348756
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f349713
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f351631
-Node: Searching\7f352672
-Node: Readline Init File\7f354855
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f356113
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f379901
-Node: Sample Init File\7f384094
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f387215
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f388416
-Node: Commands For History\7f390464
-Node: Commands For Text\7f395455
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f399101
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f402131
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f403267
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f407455
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f408140
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f414175
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f415079
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f422856
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f433841
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f439086
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f439767
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f442769
-Node: History Interaction\7f447790
-Node: Event Designators\7f451407
-Node: Word Designators\7f452758
-Node: Modifiers\7f454515
-Node: Installing Bash\7f456320
-Node: Basic Installation\7f457454
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f461173
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f461911
-Node: Installation Names\7f463600
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f465706
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f466420
-Node: Operation Controls\7f467090
-Node: Optional Features\7f468045
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f479261
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f480592
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f497438
-Node: Indexes\7f522612
-Node: Builtin Index\7f523063
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f530161
-Node: Variable Index\7f532606
-Node: Function Index\7f549591
-Node: Concept Index\7f563372
+Node: Lists\7f29202
+Node: Compound Commands\7f30994
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f32003
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f34495
+Node: Command Grouping\7f48980
+Node: Coprocesses\7f50455
+Node: GNU Parallel\7f53115
+Node: Shell Functions\7f54029
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f61911
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f66296
+Node: Special Parameters\7f67195
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f70406
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f72530
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75261
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77879
+Node: Command Substitution\7f96278
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99739
+Node: Process Substitution\7f100704
+Node: Word Splitting\7f101821
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f103866
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f106796
+Node: Quote Removal\7f111795
+Node: Redirections\7f112087
+Node: Executing Commands\7f121777
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122444
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124551
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f126935
+Node: Environment\7f129967
+Node: Exit Status\7f131627
+Node: Signals\7f133408
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f136854
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f139878
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f141913
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f164244
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196240
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f196582
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207177
+Node: Special Builtins\7f223181
+Node: Shell Variables\7f224157
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224591
+Node: Bash Variables\7f226692
+Node: Bash Features\7f260752
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f261762
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f267772
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f272900
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f273308
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f273954
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f274766
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f278392
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f283031
+Node: Aliases\7f285989
+Node: Arrays\7f288880
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f295440
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f296221
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f300478
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f303440
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f306047
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f321837
+Node: Job Control\7f330078
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f330535
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f335534
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f341326
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f342479
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f344147
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f345767
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f346955
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f348741
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f349698
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f351616
+Node: Searching\7f352657
+Node: Readline Init File\7f354840
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f356098
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f379886
+Node: Sample Init File\7f384079
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f387200
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f388401
+Node: Commands For History\7f390449
+Node: Commands For Text\7f395440
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f399086
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f402116
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f403252
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f407440
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f408125
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f414160
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f415064
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f422841
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f433958
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f439203
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f439884
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f442886
+Node: History Interaction\7f447907
+Node: Event Designators\7f451524
+Node: Word Designators\7f452875
+Node: Modifiers\7f454632
+Node: Installing Bash\7f456437
+Node: Basic Installation\7f457571
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f461290
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f462028
+Node: Installation Names\7f463717
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f465823
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f466537
+Node: Operation Controls\7f467207
+Node: Optional Features\7f468162
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f479378
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f480709
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f497555
+Node: Indexes\7f522729
+Node: Builtin Index\7f523180
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f530278
+Node: Variable Index\7f532723
+Node: Function Index\7f549708
+Node: Concept Index\7f563489
\1f
End Tag Table
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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+2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 240 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 252
+Q F1(gr)184 264 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 264 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
-240 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 252 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 264 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 276
+276 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 288 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 300 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 312
Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 288 Q F0
-(Job names, if job control is acti)224 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
-(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 300 S
-(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 312 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 324 Q F0
+(Job names, if job control is acti)224 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
+(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S
+(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 348 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
-324 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 324 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 336 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 336
-Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 348
-Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 3
48 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
+360 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 372 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 372
+Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 384
+Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 3
84 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
-(shopt)184 360 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 360 Q F1
-(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 372 Q F0
-(Signal names.)224 372 Q F1(stopped)184 384 Q F0
-(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(.).15 E F1(user)184 396 Q F0(User names.)224 396 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 408 S
-(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 408 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 420 Q/F3
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 432 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
+(shopt)184 396 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 396 Q F1
+(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 408 Q F0
+(Signal names.)224 408 Q F1(stopped)184 420 Q F0
+(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(.).15 E F1(user)184 432 Q F0(User names.)224 432 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 444 S
+(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 444 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 456 Q/F3
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 468 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5
-(completions. Ar)184 444 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1
-<ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 456 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
-(The shell function)184 468 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
+(completions. Ar)184 480 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1
+<ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 492 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
+(The shell function)184 504 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 480 R
+(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 516 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
-(are being completed, the second ar)184 492 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
+(are being completed, the second ar)184 528 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 504 R .104
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 540 R .104
(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 516 R
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 552 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 528 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1<ad47>144 540 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 552 R
+-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 564 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1<ad47>144 576 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 588 R
1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 564 Q
-F1<ad50>144 576 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 588 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
+1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 600 Q
+F1<ad50>144 612 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 624 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 600 Q F1<ad53>144 612 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 612 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 636 Q F1<ad53>144 648 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 648 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 624 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 636 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 660 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 672 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
-(each resultant w)184 648 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
+(each resultant w)184 684 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
-3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 660 Q .766
+3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 696 Q .766
(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 672 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(va)184 708 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 684 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 696
-Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 708 Q F0 .456
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 720 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 June 13)
-148.175 E(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+6.464 F(match the w)184 720 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72
+768 Q(2023 June 15)148.175 E(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 65 65
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(matching)184 84 Q
-/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704
-G(eading)-3.204 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F1
-(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704(tes the pattern;)
-.05 F(in this case, an)184 96 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)
--2.5 E F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46
-(The return v)144 112.8 R .46(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.4 G .461(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F2<ad70>
-2.961 E F0(,)A F2<ad72>2.961 E F0(,)A F2<ad44>2.961 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>
-2.961 E F0(,)A(or)144 124.8 Q F2<ad49>2.986 E F0 .486
-(is supplied without a)2.986 F F1(name)2.986 E F0(ar)2.986 E .486
-(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F .785 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .485
-(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .163(tion for a)144 136.8 R F1(name)2.663
-E F0 .164(for which no speci\214cation e)2.663 F .164
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF<ad58>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)
+184 96 Q F0 .456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956
+(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F
+1.596(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 108 R
+1.596(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 120 Q F2
+(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15
+G .704(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)
+3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15
+G .704(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 132 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46(The return v)144 148.8 R .46
+(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .461
+(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.961 E F0
+(,)A F1<ad72>2.961 E F0(,)A F1<ad44>2.961 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>2.961 E F0(,)
+A(or)144 160.8 Q F1<ad49>2.986 E F0 .486(is supplied without a)2.986 F
+F2(name)2.986 E F0(ar)2.986 E .486(gument, an attempt is made to remo)
+-.18 F .785 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .485(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .163
+(tion for a)144 172.8 R F2(name)2.663 E F0 .164
+(for which no speci\214cation e)2.663 F .164
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214ca-)-.15 F
-(tion.)144 148.8 Q F2(compopt)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F1
-(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1
-(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
-(Modify completion options for each)144 177.6 R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447
-(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0 .447
+(tion.)144 184.8 Q F1(compopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2
+(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2
+(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
+(Modify completion options for each)144 213.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447
+(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447
(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 189.6 R F1(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+(completion if no)144 225.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
+(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 201.6 Q F1(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 237.6 Q F2(name)
3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 213.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
+F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 249.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
--5.178 E F
2<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
+-5.178 E F
1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
-1.228(the `)144 225.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+1.228(the `)144 261.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 237.6 R 2.038
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F
2<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039
+no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 273.6 R 2.038
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F
1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039
(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539
-(should apply to `)144 249.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538
+(should apply to `)144 285.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
--4.039 F(The)144 2
61.6 Q F2<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
+-4.039 F(The)144 2
97.6 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02
-F .868(assignment w)144 273.6 R .868
-(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368
-E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-)
--3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 285.6 Q .431(The return v)144 309.6 R
+F .868(assignment w)144 309.6 R .868
+(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368
+E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-)
+-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 321.6 Q .431(The return v)144 345.6 R
.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
-(tions for a)144 321.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0
+(tions for a)144 357.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 338.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 350.4 R .851
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
-F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2
-(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F1(n)3.71 E F0 .85
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 362.4 R F1(n)2.703 E F0
-.203(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F1(n)3.064 E F0 .204
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 374.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 386.4 R .851
+(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
+F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1
+(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85
+(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 398.4 R F2(n)2.703 E F0
+.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10
+/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204
(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184
-(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 374.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
+(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 410.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183
-(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.683 E F0
-1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 386.4 Q F2(declar)
-108 403.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
-2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0
-2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 427.2 R 1.264
+(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0
+1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 422.4 Q F1(declar)
+108 439.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
+2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0
+2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 463.2 R 1.264
(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F
-3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
+3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)
--3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 439.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
-F F
2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
-(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
-G(hen)-5.96 E F2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 451.2 Q F1
+-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 475.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
+F F
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(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)
4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H
2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932
-F .096(neither the)144
571.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
+F .096(neither the)144
619.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E
.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1
<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each)
-.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 583.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15
+.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 631.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15
G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F
.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586
-(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 595.2 R -.15
+(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 643.2 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962
(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1
<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15
-H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 607.2 R F1
+H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 655.2 R F1
<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0
(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
-1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2
+1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 667.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2
(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
-F1(echo)108 636 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 648 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0
+F1(echo)108 684 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
+-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 696 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0
.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924
(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307
-(error occurs.)144
660 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
+(error occurs.)144
708 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25
F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144
-672 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
-5.198 E F1<ad45>2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067
-(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567
-(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1
-(xpg_echo)144 696 Q F0 .602
-(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102
-F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658
-(escape characters by def)144 708 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659
-(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
-(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-)
--.2 E(prets the follo)144 720 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 June 13)148.175 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144
+720 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
+6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F
+(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 15)148.175 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace)
-180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e)
-144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144
-Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G
-(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180
-Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S
-(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144
-216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)
-180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.054
+(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555
+(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 96 Q
+/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959
+(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459
+F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715
+(these escape characters by def)144 108 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E F0
+.716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716
+(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0
+(interprets the follo)144 120 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
+132 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 132 Q F1(\\b)144 144 Q F0(backspace)180 144
+Q F1(\\c)144 156 Q F0(suppress further output)180 156 Q F1(\\e)144 168 Q
+(\\E)144 180 Q F0(an escape character)180 180 Q F1(\\f)144 192 Q F0
+(form feed)180 192 Q F1(\\n)144 204 Q F0(ne)180 204 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)
+-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 216 Q F0(carriage return)180 216 Q F1(\\t)144 228 Q F0
+(horizontal tab)180 228 Q F1(\\v)144 240 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 240 S
+(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 252 Q F0(backslash)180 252 Q F1(\\0)144
+264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)
+180 264 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
+(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 276 Q F2(HH)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)180 276 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
-1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.506
+-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 288 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
+1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 300 R 1.506
(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
-4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
-(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547
+4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 312 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
+(\\U)144 324 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 336 R .547
(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
-3.048 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F1(enable)108 3
16.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+3.048 E(HHH)180 348 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
+-2.5 E F1(enable)108 3
64.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 376.8 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833
-(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
+(the same name as a shell b)144 388.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
-(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989
+(the shell normally searches for b)144 400.8 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648
-(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
+(abled; otherwise,)144 412.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F
F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)
-144 376.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
+144 424.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E
-F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S
+F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 436.8 S
1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)
4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365
(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v)
-144 400.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
+144 448.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606
(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548
-(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0
+(directories in which to search for)144 460.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0
5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F
(The)5.549 E F1<ad64>3.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547
-(delete a b)144 424.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with)
+(delete a b)144 472.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with)
-.25 F F1<ad66>3.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2
(name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.546(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545
-(supplied, a list of shell b)144 436.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
+(supplied, a list of shell b)144 484.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546
-(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 448.8
+(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 496.8
R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695
(is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261
-(list printed includes all b)144 460.8 R .261
+(list printed includes all b)144 508.8 R .261
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269
-(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 472.8 R F2(special)
+(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 520.8 R F2(special)
2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268
(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284
-(is not a shell b)144 484.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
+(is not a shell b)144 532.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284
(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785
-(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R
+(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 544.8 R
F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G
1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E
-F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 508.8 S
+F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 556.8 S
(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G
-(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 525.6 T(l).15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E
+(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 573.6 T(l).15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 585.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E
(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671
(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no)
--2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q
+-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 609.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
-(exec)108
578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
+(exec)108
626.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
+-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 638.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 602.4 R .177
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 650.4 R .177
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176
-(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 614.4 R .48(gument passed to)
+(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 662.4 R .48(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)
3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .639
+.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 674.4 Q F0 .639
(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
-3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
+3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 686.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 698.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577
(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577
-F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 662.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
+F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 710.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
+(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 722.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288
(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak)
-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 686.4 Q
-(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .095(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096
-(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
-E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 June 13)148.175 E(67)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 15)148.175 E(67)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1
-(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E
-F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257
-(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>
-2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2
-(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2
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-(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v)
--.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.547 E F0
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-(Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.)144 196.8 Q F1(fc)108 213.6 Q
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4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431
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(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
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(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
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(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
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(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F
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-(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)
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-489.6 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
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(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 501.6
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R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454
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(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
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(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
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-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
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(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
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264 Q F3<ad77>
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336 Q F1<ad77>
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1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341
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F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515
E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format)
2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144
-573.6 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566
+655.2 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si)
.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,)
--.25 F .542(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 585.6 R .541
+-.25 F .542(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 667.2 R .541
(The return v)5.541 F .541(alue is zero on success, non-zero if an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .541(lid op-).25 F
-(tion is supplied or a write or assignment error occurs.)144 597.6 Q F1
-(pushd)108 614.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 626.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the t\
-op of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 638.4
-R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144
-650.4 R .089(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)
--5.489 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088
-(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F
-(the directory stack.)144 662.4 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144
-674.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\
-g or adding directories to the)180 674.4 R
-(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 686.4 Q F1(+)144
-698.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 698.4 R F2(n)
-3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B
-1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 710.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 June 13)148.175 E(72)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(tion is supplied or a write or assignment error occurs.)144 679.2 Q F1
+(pushd)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5
+(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 15)148.175
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 .92
-(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
+SF(pushd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the directory \
+stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 96 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64
+(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 108 R .089
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F
+(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088
+(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F
+(the directory stack.)144 120 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
+.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 132
+Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or a\
+dding directories to the)180 132 R
+(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q
+F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 156 R F2(n)3.768 E F0
+1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267
+(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 168 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 180 Q F2(n)A F0 .92
+(Rotates the stack so that the)180 180 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E
-F2(dir)144.35 108 Q F0(Adds)180 108 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
+F F1(dirs)180 192 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
+E F2(dir)144.35 204 Q F0(Adds)180 204 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435
-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144
124.8 R F1<ad6e>2.935 E
+(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144
220.8 R F1<ad6e>2.935 E
F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0
.434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F
-(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 136.8 Q(If the)5 E
+(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 232.8 Q(If the)5 E
F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0
(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144
-153.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78
+249.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78
(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093
-(When rotating the directory stack,)144 165.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092
+(When rotating the directory stack,)144 261.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092
(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-)
--.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 177.6 Q 1.277
-(If the)144 194.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277
+-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 273.6 Q 1.277
+(If the)144 290.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277
(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278
(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 206.4 Q F1
-(pwd)108 223.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 235.2 R .845
+(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 302.4 Q F1
+(pwd)108 319.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 331.2 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-
247.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
+
343.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144
259.2 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
+(enabled. If)144
355.2 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 271.2 R -.25(va)
--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 283.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108
-3
00 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 367.2 R -.25(va)
+-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 379.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108
+3
96 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E
F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0
3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1
<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>
-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E
F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)
-3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 312 Q
+3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 408 Q
F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, \
-or from the \214le descriptor)144 324 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
-(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144
336 Q F1<ad75>
+or from the \214le descriptor)144 420 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
+(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144
432 Q F1<ad75>
2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435(ords as described abo)
-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435
(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435
-(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 348 R F2(name)3.235 E
+(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 444 R F2(name)3.235 E
F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376(ord to the second)-.1 F
F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376
(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237
-(than names, the remaining w)144 360 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F
+(than names, the remaining w)144 456 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F
.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E F0
-5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 372 R .874(wer w)-.25 F
+5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 468 R .874(wer w)-.25 F
.875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\
-e assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 384 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518
+e assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 480 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518
(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518
(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517
-(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 396 R
+(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 492 R
.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026
(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489
-(be used to remo)144 408 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
+(be used to remo)144 504 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E
-(tions, if supplied, ha)144 420 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 432 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w)
-180 444 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
+(tions, if supplied, ha)144 516 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 528 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w)
+180 540 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026
-(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F2(aname)180.33 456 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
+(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F2(aname)180.33 552 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
-F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 468 Q
-F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 480 R F2(delim)2.781
+F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 564 Q
+F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 576 R F2(delim)2.781
E F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F
-2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 492 Q F0
+2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 588 Q F0
(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad65>144 504 Q F0 .372
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 504 R F1 -.18(re)
+<ad65>144 600 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 600 R F1 -.18(re)
2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 516 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def)
+(to obtain the line.)180 612 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def)
5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F
-(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 528 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G
+(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 624 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G
(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5
-E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 540 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
-E F0(If)180 540 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 636 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
+E F0(If)180 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 552 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 564 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 576 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
+-.25 F(ing be)180 648 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 660 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 672 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 588 Q
+(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 684 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 600 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 612 S(ad)
+<ad4e>144 696 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 708 S(ad)
.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769
E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 624 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
-G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
-5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 636 R
-F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 648 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 660 S .669
-(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 672 Q F0(option belo)
-2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 684 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)
-180 696 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F
-3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
-(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 708 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
-(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 June 13)148.175 E(73)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F 3.19
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 720 R F1 -.18(re)5.69 G
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 84 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F .493(the line.)180 96 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.109
+(encountered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180
+84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.609 G(ad).18 E F0 1.109
+(to return until)3.609 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)180 96 Q(har)-.15 E
+(s)-.1 E F0 .819(characters are read.)3.319 F .818
+(The result is not split on the characters in)5.818 F F1(IFS)3.318 E F0
+3.318(;t)C .818(he intent is)-3.318 F .497(that the v)180 108 R .497
+(ariable is assigned e)-.25 F .498
+(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .498
+(xception of backslash;)-.15 F(see the)180 120 Q F1<ad72>2.5 E F0
+(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 132 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E
+F0(Display)180 144 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 156 Q 2.5
+(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
+<ad72>144 168 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 168 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 180 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493
(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
-108 Q F1<ad73>144 120 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 120 Q
+192 Q F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 204 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 144 Q
-F1 -.18(re)2.928 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F
-.428(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F
-.561(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 156 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
-F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 168 Q
+<ad74>144 216 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G
+(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 240 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
+(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
+3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 252 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-180 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 192 R .589
+264 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 276 R .589
(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 204 S(riable)
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 288 S(riable)
.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 216 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 300 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F
-1.225(turn EOF)180 228 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725
+1.225(turn EOF)180 312 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725
F 1.225(The e)6.225 F 1.225
(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(ceeded.)180 240 Q F1<ad75>144 252 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 252 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
-(If no)144 268.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+(ceeded.)180 324 Q F1<ad75>144 336 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 336 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
+(If no)144 352.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144
-280.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
+364.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18
(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-292.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
-(signing to a readonly v)144 304.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+376.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
+(signing to a readonly v)144 388.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 316.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
-
333.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
+.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 400.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
+
417.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 345.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097
-(quent assignment.)144
357.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0
+(quent assignment.)144
441.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0
1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 369.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 381.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 465.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
-3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 393.6 R -.15(ve)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 477.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 405.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 489.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 417.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-429.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 501.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+513.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 441.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 525.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 453.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 470.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 482.4 R
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 537.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 554.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 566.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 494.4 R -.15(xe)
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 506.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 590.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 518.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+144 602.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 542.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
+.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 626.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 578.4 R .444
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 662.4 R .444
(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 590.4 R -.15
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 674.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
-E .75(mand associated with the)144 602.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+E .75(mand associated with the)144 686.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 614.4 Q F1
-(set)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1
-(set)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
--2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
-655.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
-(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574
-(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 667.2 R 2.613
-(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 679.2
-R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)
--.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032
-F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 691.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G
-.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15
-G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16
-(tion processing are treated as v)144 703.2 R .161
-(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
-2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 715.2 Q F0(,)A
-F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
-Q(2023 June 13)148.175 E(74)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 698.4 Q
+(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 15)148.175 E(74)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 75 75
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 84 R 1.377
+SF(set)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
+F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
+2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E
+F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
+-.4(Wi)144 108 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
+(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574
+(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
+(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R 2.613
+(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
+(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 132 R
+F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)-.25
+F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 F
+.581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 144 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
+(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 G
+-.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16
+(tion processing are treated as v)144 156 R .161
+(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
+2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 168 Q F0(,)A F1
+2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 180 Q F0
+1.378(Each v)184 180 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 96 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E
-(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 108 Q F0 .131
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 108 R
+1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 192 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E
+(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 204 Q F0 .131
+(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 204 R
2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 120 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
-H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0 .088
-(Exit immediately if a)184 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pipeline)2.588
-E F0 .087(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087
-(simple command)2.587 F F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)
--2.587 E(a)184 144 Q F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3
-9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08
-(The shell does not e)184 156 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
-.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 168 Q
+(primary prompt.)184 216 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
+H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .088
+(Exit immediately if a)184 228 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
+(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F
+F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 240 Q F2
+1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F
+1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184
+252 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079
+(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 264 Q
1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0
-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655
(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv)
-4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 180 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
+4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 276 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 192 R
+(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 288 R
F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)
-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E
--.25(va)184 204 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
+-.25(va)184 300 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66
(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 216 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
+(non-zero status because a command f)184 312 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 228 R 2.678
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 324 R 2.678
(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678
(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177
-(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 240 R .617
+(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 336 R .617
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 252 R(ONMENT)
+-.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 348 R(ONMENT)
-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 264 Q
-.998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 282 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 360 Q
+.998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 378 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.499 E F0 .999
-(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 294 R -.15
+(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 390 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F
-.502(will be af)184
306 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
+.502(will be af)184
402 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1
<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503
-(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 318 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684
+(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 414 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684
(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F1<ad65>4.183 E F0
1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184
330 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653
+-.15 E(where)184
426 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653
(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954
-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 342 Q F1
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+(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 438 Q F1
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-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 402 Q F1
-<ad6d>144 414 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 414 R .149
+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 498 Q F1
+<ad6d>144 510 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 510 R .149
(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F
.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 426 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
+(on systems that support it \(see)184 522 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651
-(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 438 R .678
+(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 534 R .678
(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\
-s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 450 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 462 Q F0 .652
-(Read commands b)184 462 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652
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+(Read commands b)184 558 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652
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-5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 474 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 486 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E
-F0(The)184 498 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5
-E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184
510 Q F0(Same as)224 522 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184
534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
-A F1(emacs)184 558 Q F0 .089
-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 558 R 2.589
+5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 570 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
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606 Q F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
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630 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
+A F1(emacs)184 654 Q F0 .089
+(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 654 R 2.589
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-(functrace)184 618 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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-(histexpand)184 654 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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-(noexec)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)
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-F0(Currently ignored.)224 168 Q F1(notify)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q
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-2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 204 Q F1<ad74>2.5 E F0
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+168 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 180 R 1.656
+(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
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+<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 240 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q F1<ad43>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
+F1(noglob)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)
+184 288 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 288 Q F1(notify)184 300 Q F0
+(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as)
+224 312 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q
+F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 336 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q
+F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 348 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)
+224 348 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
+(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 360 R
1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 252 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 264 Q F0
-2.091(Change the beha)224 264 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
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2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
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-276 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9
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--3.454 E(ha)224 300 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 312 Q(vileged)-.1 E
-F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 336 S(rbose).1 E
-F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 348 Q F0 .209
-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 348 R 2.709(ace. This)
--.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 360
+-3.454 E(ha)224 420 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 432 Q(vileged)-.1 E
+F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 456 S(rbose).1 E
+F0(Same as)224 456 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 468 Q F0 .209
+(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 468 R 2.709(ace. This)
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Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)
-184 372 Q F0(Same as)224 372 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 390 Q F1
-<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name)
+184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 510 Q F1
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3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184
-402 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0
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(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
414 Q F1<ad70>
-144 426 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 426 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
534 Q F1<ad70>
+144 546 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 546 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
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(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5
-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 438 R 1.501
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A
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-(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G
-.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 462 R .379
+(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 558 R 1.501
+(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 570
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+(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
+(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 582 R .379
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184
474 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184
594 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 486 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 606 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 498 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
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.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
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-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 510 Q F1<ad72>144 522 Q F0
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 522 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 534 Q
-F0(Exit after reading and e)184 534 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 546 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 546 S .773
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 630 Q F1<ad72>144 642 Q F0
+(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 642 Q
+(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 654 Q
+F0(Exit after reading and e)184 654 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 666 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 666 S .773
(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \
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(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25
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-(error message, and, if not interacti)184 582 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
-.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 594 Q F0
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 594 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
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-.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0
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-E F1<ad42>144 642 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 642 R 1.206
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+(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
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+3.054(tors. This)184 156 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
+.15 F(tor)184 168 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 180 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 180 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
+(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
+F .839(mands e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 204 Q F1
+<ad48>144 216 Q F0(Enable)184 216 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 96 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 108 Q F0 .96
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 108 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 240 Q F0 .96
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 240 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452
-(that change the current w)184 120 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
+(that change the current w)184 252 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 132 R(def)
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 264 R(def)
3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
144 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-156 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 156 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
276 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+288 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 288 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 180 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 192 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)184 192 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 312 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 324 Q
+F0 .4(If no ar)184 324 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 204 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 216 Q F0 .797
-(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 216 R F2(ar)3.297 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796
-(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 228 R F1
-<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
+(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q
+F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
+348 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 348 R
+F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G
+.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 360
+R F1<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B
-(rameters remain unchanged.)184 240 Q .425(The options are of)144 256.8
+(rameters remain unchanged.)184 372 Q .425(The options are of)144 388.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 268.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 280.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 412.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 292.8 Q F1(shift)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 321.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 424.8 Q F1(shift)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 333.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.583
E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 345.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 477.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 357.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 369.6 Q F1(shopt)108 386.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 501.6 Q F1(shopt)108 518.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 398.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
-(listed belo)144 410.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
+(listed belo)144 542.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 422.4 R .065
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 554.4 R .065
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 434.4 R F2
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 566.4 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144
446.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
+(tions. The)144
578.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605
-E(options ha)144 458.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 470.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-470.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 482.4 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
482.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-494.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 494.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
-.255(set or unset.)180 506.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E(options ha)144 590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 602.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+602.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 614.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+626.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 626.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
+.255(set or unset.)180 638.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 518.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 530.4 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 530.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 650.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 662.4 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)180 662.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 547.2 R F1
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 679.2 R F1
<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983
-(set or unset, respecti)144 559.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
+(set or unset, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 571.2 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 588
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 703.2 S(ult.)
+.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 720
R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
-.696
+(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 15)148.175 E(77)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 78 78
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 600 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 612 Q(The list of)144 628.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(array_expand_once)144 646.8 Q F0 1.832
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 658.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)
+3.196 F .696(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 96 Q(The list of)144 112.8 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2
+(array_expand_once)144 130.8 Q F0 1.832
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 142.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
1.832(luation of associati).25 F 2.131 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.831(nd inde)
.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.331(da).15 G 1.831(rray sub-)-4.331 F .025
-(scripts during arithmetic e)184 670.8 R .025(xpression e)-.15 F -.25
+(scripts during arithmetic e)184 154.8 R .025(xpression e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .025(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .025(cuting b).15
-F .025(uiltins that can perform)-.2 F -.25(va)184 682.8 S
+F .025(uiltins that can perform)-.2 F -.25(va)184 166.8 S
(riable assignments, and while e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting b).15 E
-(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1(assoc_expand_once)
-144 694.8 Q F0(Deprecated; a synon)184 706.8 Q(ym for)-.15 E F1
-(array_expand_once)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(autocd)144 718.8 Q F0 .2
-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 718.8 R
+(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2(assoc_expand_once)
+144 178.8 Q F0(Deprecated; a synon)184 190.8 Q(ym for)-.15 E F2
+(array_expand_once)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(autocd)144 202.8 Q F0 .2
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 202.8 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 730.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 214.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 June 13)148.175 E(77)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 78 78
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(cdable_v)144 84 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 96 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F2(cdable_v)144 226.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 238.8 R .155
+(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 108 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 120 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 250.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 262.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-120 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 132 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+262.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
+(corrected. The)184 274.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 144 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 286.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 156 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5
-E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 168 Q F0 .736
-(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736
-(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
-(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 192
-Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 204 Q
-F0 .449(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
+(the command proceeds.)184 298.8 Q
+(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
+.15 E F2(checkhash)144 310.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 322.8 R F2(bash)3.236
+E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
+(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
+334.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 346.8
+Q F0 .449(If set,)184 358.8 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 228 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 370.8 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473
-(tempted without an interv)184 240 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2
-9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 252 S
-(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)
--2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 264 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.59
-E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e)
--3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F
-(necessary)184 288 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85
-(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1
-(fa)184 300 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 312 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 312 R
-F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
+(tempted without an interv)184 382.8 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184
+394.8 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 406.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
+418.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G
+1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
+(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 430.8 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G
+.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)
+3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 442.8 S(ult.).1 E F2
+(cmdhist)144 454.8 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 454.8 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172
+(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
-184 324 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
+184 466.8 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 336 S 1.287(ult, b).1
-F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 478.8 S 1.287(ult, b)
+.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15
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316.8 Q F0(The)220 316.8 Q F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251
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-165.6 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 177.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G
-(adline).18 E F0 .403
+F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 259.2 Q F1(histv)144 276
+Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 288 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline)
+.18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 189.6 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
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(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
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-(hostcomplete)144 218.4 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 230.4 R F1 -.18(re)
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+(hostcomplete)144 328.8 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)
3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0
1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)
-184 242.4 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
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(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E
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-(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 271.2 Q F0
-(If set,)184 283.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
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+(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 381.6 Q F0
+(If set,)184 393.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
-.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 300 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
-(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 312 R .219(alue of the)
--.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting)
-2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 324 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F
-(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E
-F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 340.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1
-E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 352.8 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33
-(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33
-(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967
-(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 364.8 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)
--.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184
-376.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 393.6 Q F0 .066
-(If set, and job control is not acti)184 393.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566
-(,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E
-(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 405.6 Q(vironment.)
--.4 E F1(lithist)144 422.4 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 422.4 R F1
-(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)
-3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)
--3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 434.4 Q
+.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 410.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
+(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 422.4 R .219
+(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219
+(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 434.4 Q
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(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(localv)144 451.2 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 463.2 R
+(localv)144 561.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 573.6 R
.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422
(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
-475.2 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
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(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173
-(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 487.2 Q
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.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\
ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \
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-(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 556.8
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Q F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
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(bash)2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)
2.606 E F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)
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-(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 336 R F1(bash)4.624
-E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 348 Q 3.289(th)
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-(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 360 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0
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1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184
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-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 518.4 Q F1(sour)
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+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
+(command completes.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xpg_echo)144 100.8 Q
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+(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)
+108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .91(Suspend the e)144 141.6 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .91(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)-.001 E F0 3.409
+(signal. A)3.159 F .909(login shell, or a shell)3.409 F .752
+(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 153.6 R F1
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+.753(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 165.6 R .107(T\
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+.877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 206.4 R .878
(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878
-(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 108 S
-(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
+(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 218.4
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(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36
-(primaries described abo)144 120 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9
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-144 132 Q(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0
-(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786
-(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .785
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+(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
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(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411
-(dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
+(dence. The)144 272.4 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F
-(used when there are \214v)144 174 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
--2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 186 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 186 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)
--.1 E F1(\()144 198 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26
-(Returns the v)180 198 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0
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-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 210 Q F2 -.2(ex)
-144 222 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 234 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
--.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 246 S(pr1).2 E
-F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 258 S
-(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
-(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 274.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E
-F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
+(used when there are \214v)144 284.4 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
+(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 296.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
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+E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 308.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0
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+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 320.4 Q F3 -.2
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-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 292.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
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-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 328.8 Q
+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 403.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
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(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 340.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
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+E 2.5(2a)144 451.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
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F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 364.8 R .38
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 475.2 R .38
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 376.8 Q .552
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 487.2 Q .552
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 388.8 Q
+(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 499.2 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 400.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 412.8 R .236
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+(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 523.2 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
-(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 424.8 R 1.155 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
-F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 436.8 R .578(xpression i\
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+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
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s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F
-(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180
448.8 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
+(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180
559.2 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
-(three ar)180 460.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
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F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F
.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F
(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180
-472.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521
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(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)
-3.021 F(ar)180 484.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985
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E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E
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-508.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 520.8 R .429
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(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43
(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.93 E F0 2.93(,t)C
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(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744
-(ments. the)180 544.8 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
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(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180
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(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
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1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
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3.492(sh)-.55 G .992(andling, will display the)-3.492 F
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-F1<ad6c>3.216 E F0 .716(option causes)3.216 F F1(trap)3.216 E F0 .716
-(to print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.)3.216
-F(Each)5.717 E F2(sigspec)144.34 210 Q F0 .709
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(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.519 F F2(signal.h)A F0 .709
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(\(0\) the command)2.341 F F2(action)2.921 E F0 .091(is e)2.831 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .091(cuted on e).15 F .092(xit from the shell.)-.15 F .092
(If a)5.092 F F2(sigspec)2.932 E F0(is)2.902 E F3(DE-)2.592 E -.09(BU)
-144 252 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.245(the command)3.495 F
-F2(action)4.075 E F0 1.245(is e)3.985 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.244
+144 363.6 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.245(the command)3.495
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(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.244(simple command)
3.744 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.744 E F0(command,)3.744 E F2(case)3.744 E F0
-(com-)3.744 E(mand,)144 264 Q F2(select)2.696 E F0 .196
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(command, \(\( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic)
2.696 F F2(for)2.697 E F0(command,)2.697 E .394
-(and before the \214rst command e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .393
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(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .393(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.893 F F0
(abo)2.643 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.893(\). Refer).15 F .833
-(to the description of the)144 288 R F1(extdeb)3.333 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .833
-(option to the)3.333 F F1(shopt)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .834
+(to the description of the)144 399.6 R F1(extdeb)3.333 E(ug)-.2 E F0
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(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .834(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DE-)3.334 E
--.1(BU)144 300 S(G).1 E F0 2.694(trap. If)2.694 F(a)2.694 E F2(sigspec)
-3.034 E F0(is)3.004 E F3(RETURN)2.694 E F4(,)A F0 .194(the command)2.444
-F F2(action)3.024 E F0 .194(is e)2.934 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .193
-(cuted each time a shell function or).15 F 2.5(as)144 312 S(cript e)-2.5
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with the).15 E F1(.)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(sour)2.5
-E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins \214nishes e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting.).15 E .284(If a)144 330 R F2(sigspec)3.124 E F0(is)3.094 E F3
-(ERR)2.784 E F4(,)A F0 .284(the command)2.534 F F2(action)3.114 E F0
-.284(is e)3.024 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .284(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.784(rap).15 G .285(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-2.784 F .185(sin\
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-ro e)144 342 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 354
-R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451
-(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452
-(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
-(mand list immediately follo)144 366 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.888
-E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
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+F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a\
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+(the follo)144 465.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)
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+(cuted if the f).15 F .452(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
+(mand list immediately follo)144 477.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
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(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387
-(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 378 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778
(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0
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--.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
-(ption.)-2.5 E .069(When the shell is not interacti)144 420 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.569(,s).15 G .07
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+F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 513.6 Q
+(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5
+(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .069(When the shell is not interacti)144 531.6 R
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(ignals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)
--2.569 F(Interacti)144 432 Q .952 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .652
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(hells permit trapping signals ignored on entry).15 F 5.651(.T)-.65 G
.651(rapped signals that are not being ig-)-6.001 F .576
-(nored are reset to their original v)144 444 R .576
+(nored are reset to their original v)144 555.6 R .576
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .577
-(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 456 Q
+(vironment when one is created.)-.4 F(The return status is f)144 567.6 Q
(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4
G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(true)108
-472.8 Q F0(Does nothing, returns a 0 status.)144 472.8 Q F1(type)108
-489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 501.6 S .174
+584.4 Q F0(Does nothing, returns a 0 status.)144 584.4 Q F1(type)108
+601.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 613.2 S .174
(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)
3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F1<ad74>144 513.6 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
+F1<ad74>144 625.2 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2
-(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 525.6 Q F0 .378
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(is an alias, shell reserv)3.058 F .377(ed w)-.15 F .377
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .377(uiltin, or e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .377
(cutable disk \214le, respecti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.I)
--.65 G 2.877(ft)-5.377 G(he)-2.877 E F2(name)144.36 537.6 Q F0 .645
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(is not found, then nothing is printed, and)3.325 F F1(type)3.146 E F0
.646(returns a non-zero e)3.146 F .646(xit status.)-.15 F .646(If the)
-5.646 F F1<ad70>3.146 E F0(op-)3.146 E .642(tion is used,)144 549.6 R F1
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(type)3.142 E F0 .642(either returns the name of the e)3.142 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .642(cutable \214le that w).15 F .641(ould be found by searching)
--.1 F F1($P)144 561.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(if)2.615 E F2(name)
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2.975 E F0 .116(were speci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if)2.796
F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .116(type -t name)2.616 F F0 -.1(wo)2.616 G .116
-(uld not re-).1 F(turn)144 573.6 Q F2(\214le)4.5 E F0 5.09(.T).18 G(he)
+(uld not re-).1 F(turn)144 685.2 Q F2(\214le)4.5 E F0 5.09(.T).18 G(he)
-5.09 E F1<ad50>2.59 E F0 .09(option forces a)2.59 F F3 -.666(PA)2.59 G
(TH)-.189 E F0 .089(search for each)2.339 F F2(name)2.589 E F0 2.589(,e)
C -.15(ve)-2.839 G 2.589(ni).15 G(f)-2.589 E F5 .089(type -t name)2.589
-F F0 -.1(wo)2.589 G .089(uld not).1 F(return)144 585.6 Q F2(\214le)5.245
+F F0 -.1(wo)2.589 G .089(uld not).1 F(return)144 697.2 Q F2(\214le)5.245
E F0 5.835(.I).18 G 3.336(fac)-5.835 G .836(ommand is hashed,)-3.336 F
F1<ad70>3.336 E F0(and)3.336 E F1<ad50>3.336 E F0 .836
(print the hashed v)3.336 F .836(alue, which is not necessarily)-.25 F
-.033(the \214le that appears \214rst in)144 597.6 R F3 -.666(PA)2.533 G
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(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .033(If the)4.533 F F1<ad61>2.533 E F0 .033
(option is used,)2.533 F F1(type)2.533 E F0 .033
-(prints all of the places that contain)2.533 F 3.55(ac)144 609.6 S 1.05
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(ommand named)-3.55 F F2(name)3.91 E F0 6.051(.T).18 G 1.051
(his includes aliases, reserv)-6.051 F 1.051(ed w)-.15 F 1.051
(ords, functions, and b)-.1 F 1.051(uiltins, b)-.2 F 1.051(ut the)-.2 F
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(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-3.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
1.177(cutable \214les.).15 F F1(type)6.177 E F0 .035
-(does not consult the table of hashed commands when using)144 633.6 R F1
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<ad61>2.535 E F0(with)2.535 E F1<ad70>2.535 E F0 2.535(,a)C .036
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-(search for)144 645.6 R F2(name)3.412 E F0 5.912(.T)C(he)-5.912 E F1
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+(nd only performs a)-2.535 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.536 G(TH)
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+
E F0 5.912(.T)C(he)-5.912 E F1<ad66>3.412 E F0 .911
(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.412 F F1
-(command)3.411 E F0 -.2(bu)3.411 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)144 657.6 Q F0
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(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 674.4
-Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 686.4 Q F0([)
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 136.8
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-E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 698.4 Q .243(vides control o)
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-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25
(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
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(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
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-(hard limits are set.)144 96 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F/F2
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 196.8 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
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+.742(of the special v)144 220.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
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(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144
132 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
+(source is printed, unless the)144
244.8 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
-(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 144 R
-3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 156
-Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 168 Q F0
-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 168 Q F1<ad62>
-144 180 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 180 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)
--.25 E F1<ad63>144 192 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180
-192 Q F1<ad64>144 204 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 204 Q 2.5
-(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 216 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 216 Q F1<ad66>144 228 Q
-F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-228 Q F1<ad69>144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 240
-Q F1<ad6b>144 252 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 252 Q F1<ad6c>
-144 264 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 264 Q(ed into memory)
--.1 E F1<ad6d>144 276 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 276 Q
-2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 288 Q
-F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\
- not allo)180 288 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 300 Q F1<ad70>144 312 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 312 Q F1
-<ad71>144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-180 324 Q F1<ad72>144 336 Q F0
-(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 336 Q F1<ad73>144 348 Q
-F0(The maximum stack size)180 348 Q F1<ad74>144 360 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 360 Q F1<ad75>144 372 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 372 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 384 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 384 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 396
-Q F1<ad78>144 408 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 408 Q F1
-<ad50>144 420 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 420 Q F1
-<ad52>144 432 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
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-(The maximum number of threads)180 444 Q(If)144 460.8 Q F2(limit)3.058 E
-F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968
-E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
+(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 256.8
+R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
+268.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 280.8 Q F0
+(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 280.8 Q F1<ad62>
+144 292.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 292.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 304.8 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 304.8 Q F1<ad64>144 316.8
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 316.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 328.8 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 328.8 Q F1<ad66>144
+340.8 Q F0
+(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
+340.8 Q F1<ad69>144 352.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+352.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 364.8 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 364.8 Q F1
+<ad6c>144 376.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 376.8 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 388.8 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 388.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 400.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
+180 400.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 412.8 Q F1<ad70>144 424.8 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 424.8 Q F1
+<ad71>144 436.8 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 436.8 Q F1
+<ad72>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 448.8
+Q F1<ad73>144 460.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 460.8 Q F1<ad74>144
+472.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 472.8 Q F1
+<ad75>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 484.8 Q -.25
+(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 496.8 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 496.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
+508.8 Q F1<ad78>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
+520.8 Q F1<ad50>144 532.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
+532.8 Q F1<ad52>144 544.8 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can\
+ run before blocking, in microseconds)180 544.8 Q F1<ad54>144 556.8 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)180 556.8 Q(If)144 573.6 Q F3(limit)3.058
+E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>
+2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F3(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144
472.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+(no option is gi)144
585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
-
484.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
+
597.6 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad6b>144
496.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
+A F1<ad6b>144
609.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 508.8 R .238
+(512-byte increments.)144 621.6 R .238
(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 520.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
-F1(umask)108
537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 549.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
-5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
+(error occurs while setting a ne)144 633.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
+F1(umask)108
650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
+2.5(][)C F3(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 662.4 R F3(mode)3.06 E F0
+5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F3(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 561.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-573.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 674.4 R F3 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+686.4 Q F3(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 585.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 698.4 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 597.6 Q F0 .551
+(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F3
+(mode)144.38 710.4 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 609.6 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 626.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 638.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
-F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
-3.258 F(mo)144 650.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 722.4 Q
+(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F3(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
+(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E
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+SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q 1.058 -.15
+(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.258 E F0 .758
+(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E F1<ad61>3.258 E
+F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)3.258 F(mo)144 108
+Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 667.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 679.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 691.2 Q F0 .465
+-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 148.8 Q F0 .465
(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 703.2 R F1
+2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 160.8 R F1
<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144
715.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144
172.8 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 727.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+.719(rather than the v)144 184.8 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
-3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F
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-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .737
-(are supplied, each)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.237 E F0
-.737(refers to a v)3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
+3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
+(are supplied, each)144 196.8 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
+3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-96 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
+208.8 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 108 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672(yo)
--.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES).27 E
-/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F3(,)A F2
--.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)144 120 S(SH_COMMAND).27
-E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)11.482
-G(SHPID).27 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F3(,)A F2
-(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F3(,)A F2(EPOCHREAL)144 132 Q
-(TIME)-.828 E F3(,)A F2(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F3(,)A F2(FUNCN)2.67 E(AME)
--.18 E F3(,)A F2(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F3(,)A F2(HISTCMD)2.67 E F3(,)A
-F2(LINENO)2.67 E F3(,)A F2(RANDOM)2.67 E F3(,)A F2(SECONDS)144 144 Q F3
-(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F2(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)4.029 F
-4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G 1.78
-(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 156 Q(The e)5 E
-(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)108
-172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F4<ad70>-2.5 E F1(varname)2.5
-E F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 184.8 S .659(it for ea\
-ch speci\214ed child process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.659 E F1(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 196.8 R -.15(ve)
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 220.8 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
+(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
+.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
+F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 232.8 S
+(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
+-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
+F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
+144 244.8 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
+2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
+E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
+256.8 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
+4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
+1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 268.8 Q(The e)5 E
+(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
+(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E
+F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 297.6 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\
+hild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
+3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
+(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F1(id)144.01 208.8 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
-F4(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
+F2(id)144.01 321.6 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
+F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 220.8 R F4($!)3.098 E F0
+(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 333.6 R F1($!)3.098 E F0
3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
-F F4<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F4(wait)144 232.8
-Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F1
+F F1<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 345.6
+Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083
-E F1(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
--.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 244.8 R
+E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
+-.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 357.6 R
.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
-(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 256.8 R .573
+(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 369.6 R .573
(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
-(If the)5.573 F F
4<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
+(If the)5.573 F F
1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
-144 268.8 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
-144 280.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
+144 381.6 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
+144 393.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
.905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E
-(an)144 292.8 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
-(is useful only when the)3.89 F F
4<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
-(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F
4<ad66>3.89 E F0
-(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 304.8 R F4
-(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F1(id)3.075 E F0
+(an)144 405.6 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
+(is useful only when the)3.89 F F
1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
+(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F
1<ad66>3.89 E F0
+(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 417.6 R F1
+(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0
.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
-(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 316.8 R(If)5.635 E F1
+(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 429.6 R(If)5.635 E F2
(id)3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
-(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 328.8
-R(If)5.801 E F4(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the re\
+(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 441.6
+R(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the re\
turn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F .019(scribed under)
-144 340.8 R F4(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+144 453.6 R F1(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
5.019(.O).15 G .019(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.019 F .02
-(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 352.8 Q(aited for)
--.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 369.6 Q -1.04(AT)
+(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 465.6 Q(aited for)
+-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 482.4 Q -1.04(AT)
-.81 G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355
-(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 381.6 R F1 1.355
+(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 494.4 R F2 1.355
(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C 1.354
-(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 393.6 S
-.398(iltin \().2 F F4(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F4(compat32)2.898 E F0(,)A
-F4(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F4(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399
+(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 506.4 S
+.398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E F0(,)A
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(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 506.4 R .39
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 518.4 R .389
+re not handled gracefully when)108 626.4 R .39
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 638.4 R .389
(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
-(mand in the sequence.)108 530.4 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \
+(mand in the sequence.)108 650.4 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \
place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)
--.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 542.4 Q(Array v)108
-559.2 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 576 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 June 13)148.175 E
+-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 662.4 Q(Array v)108
+679.2 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
+(There may be only one acti)108 696 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 15)148.175 E
(88)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2}
-@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{156}
-@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{156}
-@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{156}
+@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{157}
+@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{157}
+@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{157}
@xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion}
@xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3}
-@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{158}
+@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{159}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
-@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{159}
+@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{160}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
-@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{160}
-@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{160}
+@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{161}
+@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{161}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
-@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{162}
-@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{162}
+@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{163}
+@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{163}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
@xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
@xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
-@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{163}
-@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{163}
+@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{164}
+@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{164}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
-@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{164}
-@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{164}
-@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{164}
+@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{165}
+@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{165}
+@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{165}
@xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
@xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
-@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{165}
-@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{165}
+@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{166}
+@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{166}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{171}
+@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{172}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
-@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{172}
+@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{173}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{178}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{179}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
-@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{186}
-@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{186}
+@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{187}
+@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{187}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
-@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{187}
-@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{188}
+@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{188}
+@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{189}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
-@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{190}
+@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{191}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{192}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{193}
\entry{compgen}{150}{\code {compgen}}
\entry{complete}{150}{\code {complete}}
\entry{compopt}{153}{\code {compopt}}
-\entry{fc}{157}{\code {fc}}
-\entry{history}{157}{\code {history}}
+\entry{fc}{158}{\code {fc}}
+\entry{history}{158}{\code {history}}
\entry{\code {export}}{51}
\initial {F}
\entry{\code {false}}{51}
-\entry{\code {fc}}{157}
+\entry{\code {fc}}{158}
\entry{\code {fg}}{118}
\initial {G}
\entry{\code {getopts}}{51}
\initial {H}
\entry{\code {hash}}{52}
\entry{\code {help}}{62}
-\entry{\code {history}}{157}
+\entry{\code {history}}{158}
\initial {J}
\entry{\code {jobs}}{118}
\initial {K}
\entry{variables, readline}{125}{variables, readline}
\entry{programmable completion}{147}{programmable completion}
\entry{completion builtins}{150}{completion builtins}
-\entry{History, how to use}{155}{History, how to use}
-\entry{command history}{156}{command history}
-\entry{history list}{156}{history list}
-\entry{history builtins}{156}{history builtins}
-\entry{history expansion}{158}{history expansion}
-\entry{event designators}{159}{event designators}
-\entry{history events}{159}{history events}
-\entry{installation}{162}{installation}
-\entry{configuration}{162}{configuration}
-\entry{Bash installation}{162}{Bash installation}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{162}{Bash configuration}
+\entry{History, how to use}{156}{History, how to use}
+\entry{command history}{157}{command history}
+\entry{history list}{157}{history list}
+\entry{history builtins}{157}{history builtins}
+\entry{history expansion}{159}{history expansion}
+\entry{event designators}{160}{event designators}
+\entry{history events}{160}{history events}
+\entry{installation}{163}{installation}
+\entry{configuration}{163}{configuration}
+\entry{Bash installation}{163}{Bash installation}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{163}{Bash configuration}
\entry{arrays}{102}
\initial {B}
\entry{background}{117}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{162}
-\entry{Bash installation}{162}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{163}
+\entry{Bash installation}{163}
\entry{binary arithmetic operators}{100}
\entry{bitwise arithmetic operators}{100}
\entry{Bourne shell}{5}
\entry{command editing}{122}
\entry{command execution}{43}
\entry{command expansion}{43}
-\entry{command history}{156}
+\entry{command history}{157}
\entry{command search}{43}
\entry{command substitution}{34}
\entry{command timing}{10}
\entry{Compatibility Mode}{113}
\entry{completion builtins}{150}
\entry{conditional arithmetic operator}{100}
-\entry{configuration}{162}
+\entry{configuration}{163}
\entry{control operator}{3}
\entry{coprocess}{18}
\initial {D}
\entry{editing command lines}{122}
\entry{environment}{45}
\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{100}
-\entry{event designators}{159}
+\entry{event designators}{160}
\entry{execution environment}{44}
\entry{exit status}{3, 45}
\entry{expansion}{24}
\entry{foreground}{117}
\entry{functions, shell}{19}
\initial {H}
-\entry{history builtins}{156}
-\entry{history events}{159}
-\entry{history expansion}{158}
-\entry{history list}{156}
-\entry{History, how to use}{155}
+\entry{history builtins}{157}
+\entry{history events}{160}
+\entry{history expansion}{159}
+\entry{history list}{157}
+\entry{History, how to use}{156}
\initial {I}
\entry{identifier}{3}
\entry{initialization file, readline}{124}
-\entry{installation}{162}
+\entry{installation}{163}
\entry{interaction, readline}{121}
\entry{interactive shell}{95, 96}
\entry{internationalization}{7}
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.2, 13 June 2023).
+the Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 June 2023).
-This is Edition 5.2, last updated 13 June 2023,
+This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 June 2023,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
-for Bash, Version 5.2.
+for Bash, Version 5.3.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<span id="Bash-Features-1"></span><h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.2, 13 June 2023).
+the Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 June 2023).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.2, last updated 13 June 2023,
+<p>This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 June 2023,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
-for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.2.
+for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.3.
</p>
<p>Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
<p>When the shell is in <small>POSIX</small> mode (see <a href="#Bash-POSIX-Mode">Bash and POSIX</a>), <code>time</code>
may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
-The <code>TIMEFORMAT</code> variable may be used to specify the format of
-the time information.
+The <code>TIMEFORMAT</code> variable specifies the format of the time information.
</p>
<p>If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (see <a href="#Lists">Lists of Commands</a>), the
shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
<p>The optional <var>p</var> is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
fractional digits after a decimal point.
A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
-At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values
-of <var>p</var> greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+At most six places after the decimal point may be specified;
+values of <var>p</var> greater than 6 are changed to 6.
If <var>p</var> is not specified, the value 3 is used.
</p>
<p>The optional <code>l</code> specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
with <samp>-F</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><span><code>fullquote</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Tell Readline to quote all the completed words even if they are not
+filenames.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><span><code>noquote</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>Tell Readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames
(quoting filenames is the default).
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 13 June 2023).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 June 2023).
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 13 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 13 June 2023). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 June 2023). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 13 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
When the shell is in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::), 'time' may
be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the total
user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The
-'TIMEFORMAT' variable may be used to specify the format of the time
-information.
+'TIMEFORMAT' variable specifies the format of the time information.
If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (*note Lists::), the
shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
The optional P is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no
- decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places after
- the decimal point may be specified; values of P greater than 3 are
- changed to 3. If P is not specified, the value 3 is used.
+ decimal point or fraction to be output. At most six places after
+ the decimal point may be specified; values of P greater than 6 are
+ changed to 6. If P is not specified, the value 3 is used.
The optional 'l' specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
the form MMmSS.FFs. The value of P determines whether or not the
is intended to be used with shell functions specified
with '-F'.
+ 'fullquote'
+ Tell Readline to quote all the completed words even if
+ they are not filenames.
+
'noquote'
Tell Readline not to quote the completed words if they
are filenames (quoting filenames is the default).
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 36)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 244)
+ (line 248)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 90)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 154)
Node: Reserved Words\7f24869
Node: Simple Commands\7f25625
Node: Pipelines\7f26279
-Node: Lists\7f29278
-Node: Compound Commands\7f31073
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f32085
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f34580
-Node: Command Grouping\7f49068
-Node: Coprocesses\7f50546
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f53209
-Node: Shell Functions\7f54126
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f62011
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f66399
-Node: Special Parameters\7f67301
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f70515
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f72642
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75376
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77997
-Node: Command Substitution\7f96399
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99863
-Node: Process Substitution\7f100831
-Node: Word Splitting\7f101951
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f103999
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f106932
-Node: Quote Removal\7f111934
-Node: Redirections\7f112229
-Node: Executing Commands\7f121922
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122592
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124702
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f127089
-Node: Environment\7f130124
-Node: Exit Status\7f131787
-Node: Signals\7f133571
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f137020
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f140047
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f142085
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f164419
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196418
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f196763
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207361
-Node: Special Builtins\7f223368
-Node: Shell Variables\7f224347
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224784
-Node: Bash Variables\7f226888
-Node: Bash Features\7f260953
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f261966
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f267979
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f273110
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f273521
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f274170
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f274985
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f278614
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f283256
-Node: Aliases\7f286217
-Node: Arrays\7f289111
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f295674
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f296458
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f300718
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f303683
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f306293
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f322086
-Node: Job Control\7f330330
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f330790
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f335792
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f341587
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f342743
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f344414
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f346037
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f347228
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f349017
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f349977
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f351898
-Node: Searching\7f352942
-Node: Readline Init File\7f355128
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f356389
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f380180
-Node: Sample Init File\7f384376
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f387500
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f388704
-Node: Commands For History\7f390755
-Node: Commands For Text\7f395749
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f399398
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f402431
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f403570
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f407761
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f408449
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f414487
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f415394
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f423174
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f434162
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f439410
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f440094
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f443099
-Node: History Interaction\7f448123
-Node: Event Designators\7f451743
-Node: Word Designators\7f453097
-Node: Modifiers\7f454857
-Node: Installing Bash\7f456665
-Node: Basic Installation\7f457802
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f461524
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f462265
-Node: Installation Names\7f463957
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f466066
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f466783
-Node: Operation Controls\7f467456
-Node: Optional Features\7f468414
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f479633
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f480967
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f497816
-Node: Indexes\7f522993
-Node: Builtin Index\7f523447
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f530548
-Node: Variable Index\7f532996
-Node: Function Index\7f549984
-Node: Concept Index\7f563768
+Node: Lists\7f29265
+Node: Compound Commands\7f31060
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f32072
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f34567
+Node: Command Grouping\7f49055
+Node: Coprocesses\7f50533
+Node: GNU Parallel\7f53196
+Node: Shell Functions\7f54113
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f61998
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f66386
+Node: Special Parameters\7f67288
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f70502
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f72629
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75363
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77984
+Node: Command Substitution\7f96386
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99850
+Node: Process Substitution\7f100818
+Node: Word Splitting\7f101938
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f103986
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f106919
+Node: Quote Removal\7f111921
+Node: Redirections\7f112216
+Node: Executing Commands\7f121909
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122579
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124689
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f127076
+Node: Environment\7f130111
+Node: Exit Status\7f131774
+Node: Signals\7f133558
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f137007
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f140034
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f142072
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f164406
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196405
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f196750
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207348
+Node: Special Builtins\7f223355
+Node: Shell Variables\7f224334
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224771
+Node: Bash Variables\7f226875
+Node: Bash Features\7f260938
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f261951
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f267964
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f273095
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f273506
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f274155
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f274970
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f278599
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f283241
+Node: Aliases\7f286202
+Node: Arrays\7f289096
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f295659
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f296443
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f300703
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f303668
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f306278
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f322071
+Node: Job Control\7f330315
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f330775
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f335777
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f341572
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f342728
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f344399
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f346022
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f347213
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f349002
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f349962
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f351883
+Node: Searching\7f352927
+Node: Readline Init File\7f355113
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f356374
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f380165
+Node: Sample Init File\7f384361
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f387485
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f388689
+Node: Commands For History\7f390740
+Node: Commands For Text\7f395734
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f399383
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f402416
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f403555
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f407746
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f408434
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f414472
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f415379
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f423159
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f434279
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f439527
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f440211
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f443216
+Node: History Interaction\7f448240
+Node: Event Designators\7f451860
+Node: Word Designators\7f453214
+Node: Modifiers\7f454974
+Node: Installing Bash\7f456782
+Node: Basic Installation\7f457919
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f461641
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f462382
+Node: Installation Names\7f464074
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f466183
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f466900
+Node: Operation Controls\7f467573
+Node: Optional Features\7f468531
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f479750
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f481084
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f497933
+Node: Indexes\7f523110
+Node: Builtin Index\7f523564
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f530665
+Node: Variable Index\7f533113
+Node: Function Index\7f550101
+Node: Concept Index\7f563885
\1f
End Tag Table
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-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230612/doc/bashref.texi
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230612/doc/texinfo.tex
+**\input /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/doc/bashref.texi \input /usr/local/s
+rc/bash/bash-20230614/doc/bashref.texi
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/doc/bashref.texi
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/doc/texinfo.tex
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-(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230612/doc/bashref.toc [-1] [-2] [-3]) [-4]
-Chapter 1
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/doc/version.texi) [1{/opt/local/var/db/texmf
+/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] [2]
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+(/usr/local/build/bash/bash-20230614/doc/bashref.aux)
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- Chapter 2
-[1] [2]
+ Chapter 2 [1] [2]
@cpindfile=@write2
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- [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7]
+
+[3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7]
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+Overfull \hbox (38.26585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5357--5357
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-] [@textttsl ar-gu-ment []@texttt ][]
.etc.
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+ (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
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+[147] [148] [149] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155])
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-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230612/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
-[155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160]) Chapter 10 [161] [162] [163] [164]
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+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
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+[166]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9641--9650
[]@textrm All of the fol-low-ing op-tions ex-cept for `@texttt alt-array-implem
entation[]@textrm '[],
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+Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 9641--9650
@textrm `@texttt disabled-builtins[]@textrm '[], `@texttt direxpand-default[]@t
extrm '[], `@texttt strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[], and
.@texttt a
.etc.
-[166] [167] [168] [169] Appendix A [170] Appendix B [171] [172] [173] [174]
-[175] [176] Appendix C [177]
+[167] [168] [169] [170] Appendix A [171] Appendix B [172] [173] [174] [175]
+[176] [177] Appendix C [178]
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- (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230612/doc/fdl.texi
-[178] [179] [180] [181] [182] [183] [184]) Appendix D [185] [186] [187]
-[188] [189] [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] )
+ (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230614/doc/fdl.texi
+[179] [180] [181] [182] [183] [184] [185]) Appendix D [186] [187] [188]
+[189] [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] )
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When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @code{time}
may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
-The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be used to specify the format of
-the time information.
+The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable specifies the format of the time information.
If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (@pxref{Lists}), the
shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
The optional @var{p} is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
fractional digits after a decimal point.
A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
-At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values
-of @var{p} greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+At most six places after the decimal point may be specified;
+values of @var{p} greater than 6 are changed to 6.
If @var{p} is not specified, the value 3 is used.
The optional @code{l} specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{147}
@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{150}
@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{154}
-@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{156}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{156}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{156}
-@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{158}
-@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{159}
-@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{160}
-@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{160}
-@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{162}
-@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{162}
-@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{163}
-@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{163}
-@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{164}
-@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{164}
-@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{164}
-@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{165}
-@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{165}
-@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{171}
-@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{172}
-@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{176}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{178}
-@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{186}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{186}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{187}
-@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{188}
-@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{190}
-@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{192}
+@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{157}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{157}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{157}
+@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{159}
+@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{160}
+@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{161}
+@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{161}
+@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{163}
+@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{163}
+@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{164}
+@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{164}
+@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{165}
+@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{165}
+@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{165}
+@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{166}
+@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{166}
+@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{172}
+@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{173}
+@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{177}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{179}
+@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{187}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{187}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{188}
+@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{189}
+@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{191}
+@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{193}
arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
-\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
+
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
+ Tell readline to quote all the completed words
+ even if they are not filenames.
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
- fault) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
+ fault) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
generated, directory name completion is at-
tempted and any matches are added to the results
of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
- output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
are passed as with the -\b-F\bF option.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose ar-
guments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is
the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is
- the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
- rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
+ rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an option other than -\b-p\bp, -\b-r\br, -\b-D\bD, -\b-E\bE, or -\b-I\bI is supplied without a
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion speci-
fication for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an er-
ror occurs adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
- Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
- tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
- scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
- tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
+ tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
+ scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
+ tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that other
- supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion
- on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
- mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
completion.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
- closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
- is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
+ closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
+ is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
- tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
+ tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits
- the display of function definitions; only the function name and
+ the display of function definitions; only the function name and
attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled
- using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
+ using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
-\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or modified at
the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell func-
- tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
- local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
+ tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
+ local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
+ at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
local variable is initially unset. The following options can be
- used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
+ used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
bute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs in
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
-\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) is performed
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) is performed
when the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions in-
- herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
+ herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
vironment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
- the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
- variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
+ variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
used in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as
- with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
- variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
- is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
- ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
- not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
+ with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
+ variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
+ is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
+ ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
+ not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made
to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as-
sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as-
signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off
- readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
- turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is
+ a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off
+ readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
+ turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is
made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
- rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
- tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
- list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
+ rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
+ tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
+ list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
from the list. The current directory is always the first direc-
tory in the stack.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
tries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
ceives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means
- to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
+ to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is
0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
- cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
- the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
+ cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
+ the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
quences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
- abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
+ abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
Bash will use the value of the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable as a
colon-separated list of directories in which to search for _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
- delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
- shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
+ delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
+ shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn is supplied,
only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the list
- printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
- not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
- stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
- plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
- load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
- were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
+ printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
+ not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
+ stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
+ plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
+ load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
+ were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what _\bl_\bo_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
- the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
- equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
- it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
- -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
+ the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
+ equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
+ it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
+ -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
- valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
+ valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by
- white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
- used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
+ used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op-
tion requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automatically;
- it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
+ it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
to be used.
When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a re-
turn value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of the
first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
- arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
stead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
T\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
- is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
+ is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0,
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0,
l\ble\bet\bt returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
the call to l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the
function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt
- commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
- before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
+ before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
- With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
+ With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
- example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory
stack entry is specified.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcs\bsn\bnd\bdi\bio\bou\bux\bxX\bXe\be-\b-
E\bEf\bfF\bFg\bgG\bGa\baA\bA, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf interprets the following additional format spec-
ifiers:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
- format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
- the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
- string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
- the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
+ the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
+ string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
+ the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
two formats quote the argument string using single
quotes.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and
precision arguments from the format specification and write that
- many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
- gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
+ many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
+ gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
nal.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
- The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
+ The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char-
acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in
terms of characters, not bytes.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
+ words as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
scribed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash charac-
- ter (\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next
+ ter (\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next
character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) is used to obtain the line.
- Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
- was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) is used to obtain the line.
+ Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
readline's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
- otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)), exits with a non-zero
- status. The shell does not exit if the command that
- fails is part of the command list immediately following
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)), exits with a non-zero
+ status. The shell does not exit if the command that
+ fails is part of the command list immediately following
a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the
- i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the fi-
+ i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the fi-
nal &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or
- if the command's return value is being inverted with !\b!.
- If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
- non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
- being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ if the command's return value is being inverted with !\b!.
+ If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
+ non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
+ being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)), and may cause subshells to exit before execut-
ing all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). All processes
- run in a separate process group. When a background job
- completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). All processes
+ run in a separate process group. When a background job
+ completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
status.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
h\bha\bas\bsh\bha\bal\bll\bl Same as -\b-h\bh.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bte\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-H\bH.
- h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)
- under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)
+ under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in
interactive shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
- in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a reference to a document that
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a reference to a document that
details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
- and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
standard error.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic
expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can
- perform variable assignments, and while executing
+ perform variable assignments, and while executing
builtins that perform array dereferencing.
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
Deprecated; a synonym for a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The shell always post-
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The shell always post-
pones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
- history is enabled, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ history is enabled, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
If set, aliases are expanded as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) un-
- der A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for in-
+ der A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for in-
teractive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b))
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b))
behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing
- comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating
- sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
- late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
+ comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating
+ sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
+ late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
ASCII characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', even if the pattern begins with
a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). This
option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) to expand to a null
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) to expand to a null
string, rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
- g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) are enabled. This op-
+ g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) are enabled. This op-
tion is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG in
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The
- value may not be changed. This is not reset when the
- startup files are executed, allowing the startup files
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The
+ value may not be changed. This is not reset when the
+ startup files are executed, allowing the startup files
to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) instead of leaving them open when
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) instead of leaving them open when
the command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
- and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
- shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
+ and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
+ shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
not supplied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and
ignore an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
- operators listed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
- S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the result of the expression is the result of the
- binary test using the first and third arguments as oper-
- ands. The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary op-
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ operators listed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the result of the expression is the result of the
+ binary test using the first and third arguments as oper-
+ ands. The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary op-
erators when there are three arguments. If the first ar-
- gument is !\b!, the value is the negation of the two-argu-
- ment test using the second and third arguments. If the
+ gument is !\b!, the value is the negation of the two-argu-
+ ment test using the second and third arguments. If the
first argument is exactly (\b( and the third argument is ex-
- actly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the sec-
+ actly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the sec-
ond argument. Otherwise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
- third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
- the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
- argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
+ third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
+ the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
+ argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
- each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
+ each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
vokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
- displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
- dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
- only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
- quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
- t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
- stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
- change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
+ only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
+ quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
+ stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
+ change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
ent's traps.
- The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
- their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
- name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
+ The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
+ name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
are case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). Refer to the
- description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
- tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
- the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
- script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
+ tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
+ the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
+ script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
ing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\btr\bru\bue\be Does nothing, returns a 0 status.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
- exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
- name of the executable file that would be found by searching
- $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
- ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
+ exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ name of the executable file that would be found by searching
+ $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
+ ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed
- value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
- that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
- served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
+ value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
+ that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
+ served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
tions (-\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe-
- cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
+ cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
mands when using -\b-a\ba with -\b-p\bp, and only performs a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
- the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
+ the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
- the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
- S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
+ the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
status of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
- ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
- level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
- sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
- scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
+ ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
+ level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
+ sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
+ scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
versions warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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+%%CreationDate: Thu Jun 15 18:21:16 2023
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+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 432 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 408 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1<ad47>144 420 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 432 R
+-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 444 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1<ad47>144 456 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 468 R
1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 444 Q
-F1<ad50>144 456 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 468 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
+1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 480 Q
+F1<ad50>144 492 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 504 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 480 Q F1<ad53>144 492 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 492 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 516 Q F1<ad53>144 528 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 528 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 504 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 516 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 540 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 552 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
-(each resultant w)184 528 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
+(each resultant w)184 564 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
-3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 540 Q .766
+3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 576 Q .766
(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 552 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(va)184 588 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 564 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 576
-Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 588 Q F0 .456
+6.464 F(match the w)184 600 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 612
+Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 600 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 636 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 648 Q F3(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 624 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 660 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46(The return v)144 640.8 R .46
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .46(The return v)144 676.8 R .46
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .461
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.961 E F0
(,)A F1<ad72>2.961 E F0(,)A F1<ad44>2.961 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>2.961 E F0(,)
-A(or)144 6
52.8 Q F1<ad49>2.986 E F0 .486(is supplied without a)2.986 F
+A(or)144 6
88.8 Q F1<ad49>2.986 E F0 .486(is supplied without a)2.986 F
F3(name)2.986 E F0(ar)2.986 E .486(gument, an attempt is made to remo)
-.18 F .785 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H .485(ompletion speci\214ca-).15 F .163
-(tion for a)144 664.8 R F3(name)2.663 E F0 .164
+(tion for a)144 700.8 R F3(name)2.663 E F0 .164
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.663 F .164
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214ca-)-.15 F
-(tion.)144 676.8 Q F1(compopt)108 693.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3
-(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3
-(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
-(Modify completion options for each)144 705.6 R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447
-(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 .447
-(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 717.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 729.6 Q F3(name)
-4.846 E F0 2.346(or the current completion.)4.846 F 2.345
-(The possible v)7.345 F 2.345(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)4.845 E F0 2.345
-(are those v)4.845 F 2.345(alid for the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 January 27)141.79 E(5)195.95 E 0 Cg EP
+(tion.)144 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(5)
+195.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 6 6
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)144 84 Q F0
--.2(bu)2.842 G .342(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.342(.T).15
-G(he)-5.342 E F1<ad44>2.842 E F0 .343
-(option indicates that other supplied options should ap-)2.842 F .208
-(ply to the `)144 96 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 2.707('c)-.74 G .207(omm\
-and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which)
--2.707 F .92(no completion has pre)144 108 R .92
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.92 E F1<ad45>3.42 E F0 .92
-(option indicates that other supplied options)3.42 F 1.539
-(should apply to `)144 120 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compopt)108 84 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
+(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 96 R F2
+(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447
+(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
+(completion if no)144 108 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
+(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 120 Q F2(name)
+3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
+5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
+F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 132 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
+-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
+(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
+1.228(the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(omm\
+and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no)
+-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.038
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039
+(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539
+(should apply to `)144 168 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
--4.039 F(The)144 1
32 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that othe\
+-4.039 F(The)144 1
80 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that othe\
r supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F
-.868(assignment w)144 144 R .868
+.868(assignment w)144 192 R .868
(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368
E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-)
--3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 156 Q .431(The return v)144 180 R
+-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 204 Q .431(The return v)144 228 R
.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
-(tions for a)144 192 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
+(tions for a)144 240 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 208.8 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 220.8 R .851
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 256.8 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 268.8 R .851
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1
(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F2(n)3.71 E F0 .85
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 232.8 R F2(n)2.703 E F0
+(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 280.8 R F2(n)2.703 E F0
.203(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10
/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F2(n)3.064 E F0 .204
(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184
-(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 244.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
+(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 292.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183
(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.683 E F0
-1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 256.8 Q F1(declar)
-108 273.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 304.8 Q F1(declar)
+108 321.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
+(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0
-2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 297.6 R 1.264
+2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 345.6 R 1.264
(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F
3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)
--3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 309.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25
+-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 357.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25
F F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
-G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 321.6 Q F2
+G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 369.6 Q F2
(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274
(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)
2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
-5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 333.6 Q
+5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 381.6 Q
F2(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib)
-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289
-(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 345.6 Q .38
+(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 393.6 Q .38
(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38
(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1
(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144
-357.6 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
+405.6 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.106
(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144
-
369.6 R(The)5.299 E F1<ad46>2.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\
+
417.6 R(The)5.299 E F1<ad46>2.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\
of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54
-(and attrib)144 381.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F
+(and attrib)144 429.6 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F
F1(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F
F1(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648
-(name and line number where each)144 393.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648
+(name and line number where each)144 441.6 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648
(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F1<ad46>3.148 E
-F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F1<ad66>144 405.6 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he)
+F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F1<ad66>144 453.6 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he)
-5.837 E F1<ad67>3.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F1(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 417.6 Q
+(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F1(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 465.6 Q
(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818
(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818
(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F1<ad49>3.319 E
-F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 429.6 S .694
+F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 477.6 S .694
(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the)
-.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2
F .693(alue of an)-.25 F 3.193(ye)-.15 G .693(xisting v)-3.343 F
-(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 441.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82
+(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 489.6 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82
(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82
(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F
-.38(initially unset.)144 453.6 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379
+.38(initially unset.)144 501.6 R .38(The follo)5.38 F .379
(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .379
-(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 465.6 Q(ute or to gi)
+(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 513.6 Q(ute or to gi)
-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144
-477.6 Q F0(Each)180 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)
+525.6 Q F0(Each)180 525.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E
-F0(in)2.5 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1<ad41>144 489.6 Q F0(Each)180
-489.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+F0(in)2.5 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1<ad41>144 537.6 Q F0(Each)180
+537.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E F2
-(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1<ad66>144 501.6 Q F0
-(Use function names only)180 501.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 513.6 Q F0
-.557(The v)180 513.6 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558
+(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1<ad66>144 549.6 Q F0
+(Use function names only)180 549.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 561.6 Q F0
+.557(The v)180 561.6 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558
(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)
-180 525.6 Q F0(in)2.25 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sp)-2.5 G
+180 573.6 Q F0(in)2.25 E F2(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sp)-2.5 G
(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E
-F1<ad6c>144 537.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 537.6 R .909
+F1<ad6c>144 585.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 585.6 R .909
(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909
(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)
--.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 549.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E
-(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 561.6 Q F0(Gi)180 561.6 Q 1.619 -.15
+-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 597.6 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E
+(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 609.6 Q F0(Gi)180 609.6 Q 1.619 -.15
(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E
(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319
(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E .478
-(That other v)180 573.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478
+(That other v)180 621.6 R .478(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F .478
(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)2.978 E F0 5.478(.A)C .478
-(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 585.6 Q .781
+(ll references, assignments, and at-)-5.478 F(trib)180 633.6 Q .781
(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)3.281 E F0 3.281(,e)C .782
(xcept those using or changing the)-3.431 F F1<ad6e>3.282 E F0(attrib)
-3.282 E .782(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 597.6 R
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(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
-(the shell normally searches for b)144 232.8 R .989
+(the shell normally searches for b)144 280.8 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648
-(abled; otherwise,)144 244.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
+(abled; otherwise,)144 292.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F
F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)
-144 256.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
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SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E
-F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 268.8 S
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1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)
4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365
(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v)
-144 280.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
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E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606
(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548
-(directories in which to search for)144 292.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0
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5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F
(The)5.549 E F1<ad64>3.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547
-(delete a b)144 304.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with)
+(delete a b)144 352.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with)
-.25 F F1<ad66>3.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2
(name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.546(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545
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-(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 328.8
+(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 376.8
R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695
(is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261
-(list printed includes all b)144 340.8 R .261
+(list printed includes all b)144 388.8 R .261
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269
-(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 352.8 R F2(special)
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2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268
(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284
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(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284
(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785
-(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 376.8 R
+(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 424.8 R
F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G
1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E
-F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 388.8 S
+F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 436.8 S
(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G
-(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 405.6 T(l).15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 417.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E
+(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 453.6 T(l).15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 465.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E
(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671
(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 477.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no)
--2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 441.6 Q
+-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 489.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
-(exec)108
458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
+(exec)108
506.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 470.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
+-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 518.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 482.4 R .177
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 530.4 R .177
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176
-(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 494.4 R .48(gument passed to)
+(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 542.4 R .48(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)
3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 506.4 Q F0 .639
+.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .639
(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
-3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 518.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
+3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 566.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 530.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 578.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577
(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577
-F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 542.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
+F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 590.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 554.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
+(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 602.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288
(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak)
-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 566.4 Q
+.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 614.4 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 583.2 R .095(xit with a status of)
+(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 631.2 R .095(xit with a status of)
-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096
(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 595.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
+-.15 F -.15(exe)144 643.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
-F1(export)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
-E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 624 Q F0
-.257(The supplied)144 636 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F
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+E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 672 Q F0
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.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257
(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626
-(commands. If)144 6
48 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127
+(commands. If)144 6
96 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127
(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
-144 660 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F
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.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1
-<ad6e>2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 672 S 1.446
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(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 684 S .742(lue of the v).25
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-(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741
-(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is)
-.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 696 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031
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-F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0
-(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 January 27)141.79 E(8)195.95 E 0 Cg EP
+-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)
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%%Page: 9 9
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(false)108 84 Q F0
-(Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.)144 84 Q F1(fc)108 100.8 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)
--2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37
-(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432
-(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 124.8 R F2<8c72>
-4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431
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+.742(ariable is set to)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37
+E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242
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+(lid option is).25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 96 R F1(names)
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+(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)
+2.532 F F1(name)2.892 E F0(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 108 Q F2
+(false)108 124.8 Q F0(Does nothing, returns a non-zero status.)144 124.8
+Q F2(fc)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)
+-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37
+(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432
+(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 165.6 R F1<8c72>
+4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F1(last)3.022 E F0 .431
(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144
-136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
-.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
+177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F1 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
+.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F1(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
-144 148.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)
+144 189.6 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)
-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071
-(is used as an of)144 160.8 R .071
+(is used as an of)144 201.6 R .071
(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a)
-5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071
+5.071 F F1<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071
(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653
-(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 172.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653
-(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653
-(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 184.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242
+(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 213.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653
+(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F2(fc)3.153 E F0 .653
+(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 225.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242
(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F
-F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242
+F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242
(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F
-.093(ing \(so that)144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510)
-2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F2<8c72>
-4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E
-F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 208.8 Q
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 232.8
-Q F
1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
+.093(ing \(so that)144 237.6 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510)
+2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F1<8c72>
+4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E
+F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 249.6 Q
+(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 273.6
+Q F
2<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
-F
1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 244.8 R .438(If the)
-5.438 F F
1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
+F
2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
+(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 285.6 R .438(If the)
+5.438 F F
2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.334(the editor gi)144 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E
-F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835
+.334(the editor gi)144 297.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E
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(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
-F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 268.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9
+F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 309.6 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631
(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)
-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63
-(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 280.8 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2
+(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 321.6 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1
(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005
(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F
-(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 292.8 Q .789(In the second form,)144 316.8 R F2
+(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 333.6 Q .789(In the second form,)144 357.6 R F1
(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
-(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
-(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788
-E(mand)144 328.8 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72>
+(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
+(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788
+E(mand)144 369.6 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F1<8c72>
2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172
(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F
-F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 340.8 Q F3 7.166
+F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 381.6 Q F3 7.166
(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166
(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)
3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F
-(mand.)144 352.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
-376.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
-(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 388.8
-R .454(If the)5.454 F F
1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
+(mand.)144 393.6 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
+417.6 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
+(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
+E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 429.6
+R .454(If the)5.454 F F
2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454
-(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 400.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787
+(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 441.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787
(cuted or f).15 F .788
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-412.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135
-(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 424.8 Q
-(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
-(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
-144 453.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413
+453.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135
+(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 465.6 Q
+(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
+(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 482.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
+144 494.4 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413
(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
-(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
-1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 465.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G
-.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
+(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0
+1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 506.4 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G
+.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616
-(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 477.6 Q
+(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 518.4 Q
.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362
(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 489.6 Q
-F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
+(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 530.4 Q
+F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0
(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E
-F1(getopts)108 506.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 518.4 Q F0 .793
-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2
+F2(getopts)108 547.2 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5
+(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 559.2 Q F0 .793
+(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1
(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149
-(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 530.4 R .15
+(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 571.2 R .15
(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45
--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 542.4 Q .579
+-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 583.2 Q .579
(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
-(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 554.4 R .636
-(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
+(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 595.2 R .636
+(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts)
3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03
-(tion in the shell v)144 566.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 2.53
-(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e)
+(tion in the shell v)144 607.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 2.53
+(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F1(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e)
2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G
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-(ment to be processed into the v)144 578.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)
+(ment to be processed into the v)144 619.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)
2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066
(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885
-(shell script is in)144 590.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When)
-.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)
+(shell script is in)144 631.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When)
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3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566
-(the v)144 602.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0
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.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567
(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39
-(between multiple calls to)144 614.4 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39
+(between multiple calls to)144 655.2 R F2(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39
(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F
-2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 626.4
-Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 650.4 R F1(getopts)
+2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 667.2
+Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 691.2 R F2(getopts)
4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 662.4 Q F0
+(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 703.2 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
-(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 686.4 Q F0 .485
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F2(ar)3.315 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 698.4 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E
-F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 722.4 Q F0 1.165
-(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
-1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166
-(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
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+(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
+(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 727.2 Q F0 1.892
+(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.392 F 1.891
+(ut if more ar)-.2 F 1.891(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)4.721 E
+(g)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(9)195.95 E 0
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%%Page: 10 10
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-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.071(reporting is used.)144 84 R 1.071
-(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 96 R
-.393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)-.25
-E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 108 Q
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.25(va)144 84 S(lues,).25 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.5 E F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1
+(getopts)144 108 Q F0 .345(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1
+G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F .345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345(is a colon,)3.065 F F2
+(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669(porting is used.)144 120
+R 1.668(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)
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+144 132 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
+(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
+(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 144 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667
-(If an in)144 132 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F/F3 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)
-3.527 E F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399
-(and unsets)144 144 R F1(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399
-(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F1(OPT)2.899
-E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 156
-Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 180 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F
-F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3
+F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 168 R
+-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667
+(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .666
+(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144
+180 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.899 E
+F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399
+(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899
+E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 192
+Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 216 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F
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(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F
-F2(name)144.36 192 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213
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-(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F3(:).833 E
-F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 204 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F1(OPT)
-2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3
-(getopts)144 228 Q F0 .902
+F2(name)144.36 228 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213
+(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F1
+(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F1(:).833 E
+F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 240 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT)
+2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1
+(getopts)144 264 Q F0 .902
(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F
-(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 240 Q F3(hash)108 256.8
-Q F0([)2.5 E F
3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E
-F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858
-(Each time)144 268.8 R F3(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
+(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 276 Q F1(hash)108 292.8
+Q F0([)2.5 E F
1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E
+F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858
+(Each time)144 304.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)
3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
-(the directories in)144 280.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
+(the directories in)144 316.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956
-(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 292.8
-R F
3<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243
+(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 328.8
+R F
1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243
(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2
(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615
-(of the command.)144 3
04.8 R(The)5.615 E F3<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
+(of the command.)144 3
40.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
(option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615
-(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F
3<ad64>3.115 E F0
-(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 316.8 R .293
+(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F
1<ad64>3.115 E F0
+(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 352.8 R .293
(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I)
-C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F
3<ad74>2.794 E F0 .294
+C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F
1<ad74>2.794 E F0 .294
(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144
-328.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
+364.8 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
(If multiple)5.028 F F2(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028
-(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 3
40.8 R F3<ad74>2.675 E F0
+(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 3
76.8 R F1<ad74>2.675 E F0
2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F2(name)2.675 E F0 .175
-(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F3
+(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1
<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783
-(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 352.8 R .783
+(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 388.8 R .783
(If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783
-(n, or if only).15 F F
3<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807
-(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 364.8 R
-.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 376.8 Q
+(n, or if only).15 F F
1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807
+(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 400.8 R
+.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F2(name)144.36 412.8 Q
F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.)
-.25 E F3(help)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
+.25 E F1(help)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144
-405.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0
-.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25
+441.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0
+.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144
-417.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223
+453.6 R F2(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223
(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224
-(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 429.6 Q F3
-<ad64>144 441.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 441.6 Q F2
-(pattern)2.5 E F3<ad6d>144 453.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
-180 453.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
-(ormat)-2.5 E F3<ad73>144 465.6 Q F0
-(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 465.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5
-E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 482.4 Q F2
-(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F3(history [)108 499.2 Q F2(n)A F3(])A
-(history \255c)108 511.2 Q(history \255d)108 523.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
--.18 E F3(history \255d)108 535.2 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0(-)A F2(end)A F3
-(history \255anrw)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F3
-(history \255p)108 559.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 571.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
+(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 465.6 Q F1
+<ad64>144 477.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 477.6 Q F2
+(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 489.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
+180 489.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
+(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 501.6 Q F0
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(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
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(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564
-(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 132 Q
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- into the current history list.)180 144 R .773
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 156 R
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80 Q F1<ad77>
-144 192 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180
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-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 204 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
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92 Q F1<ad77>
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(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669
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(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955
(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832
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17.6 Q F1<ad70>
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--.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 441.6 Q F0
-(Display only running jobs.)180 441.6 Q F1<ad73>144 453.6 Q F0
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 453.6 Q(If)144 470.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553
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+(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 405.6 Q F1
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29.6 Q F1<ad70>
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+(Display only running jobs.)180 453.6 Q F1<ad73>144 465.6 Q F0
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E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
--.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 482.4 Q -.25
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(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 499.2 R F1
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<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
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-E F1(kill)108 5
28 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
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40 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
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-(kill \255l)108 5
40 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5
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52 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5
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(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 576 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0
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F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F
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R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E
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-6
12 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8
+6
24 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8
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(commands were e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .277(cuted to).15 F .69
-(restore the v)144 120 R .69
+(restore the v)144 132 R .69
(alues that were in place before the function.)-.25 F -.4(Wi)5.69 G .69
-(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.19 E F0 .69(writes a list of)3.19 F
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-(It is an error to use)5.566 F F1(local)3.066 E F0 .566
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+(It is an error to use)5.566 F F2(local)3.066 E F0 .566
(when not within a function.)3.066 F(The)5.566 E .425
-(return status is 0 unless)144 144 R F1(local)2.925 E F0 .425
-(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.285 E F0 .426(is supplied, or)3.105 F F2(name)
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-(logout)108 172.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 172.8 Q F1(map\214le)108
-189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E
-F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
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--.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)
--2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 201.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E
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-(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
-(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
-C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 213.6 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
-(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 225.6
-R F
1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
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+(is a)2.926 F(readonly v)144 168 Q(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout)108 184.8 Q
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+F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
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+(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 225.6 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.989 E
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+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F1(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 237.6
+R F
2<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249
-(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C
-1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 249.6 Q F0 .911
-(The \214rst character of)180 249.6 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
+(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C
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+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 261.6 Q F0 .911
+(The \214rst character of)180 261.6 R F1(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41
-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 261.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
+(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 273.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 273.6 Q F0(Cop)180 273.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
-(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)
-2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 285.6 Q F0(Be)180
-285.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
-E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
-2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 297.6 Q F0
-(Discard the \214rst)180 297.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
-<ad74>144 309.6 Q F0(Remo)180 309.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
-E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
-(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 321.6 Q F0
-(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 321.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 333.6 Q F0(Ev)180
-333.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2
-(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F
1<ad63>2.5 E F0
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 345.6
-Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 345.6 Q
-F
2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0
-.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F
1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
-(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
+2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad6e>144 285.6 Q F0(Cop)180 285.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
+(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)
+2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 297.6 Q F0(Be)180
+297.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
+E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
+2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 309.6 Q F0
+(Discard the \214rst)180 309.6 Q F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2
+<ad74>144 321.6 Q F0(Remo)180 321.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
+E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
+(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 333.6 Q F0
+(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 333.6 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0
+(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 345.6 Q F0(Ev)180
+345.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1
+(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F
2<ad63>2.5 E F0
+(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 357.6
+Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 357.6 Q
+F
1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 374.4 Q F2<ad43>2.967 E F0
+.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F
2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
+(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 374.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15
+(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 386.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15
G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\
igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274
-(as additional ar)144 386.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
+(as additional ar)144 398.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275
-(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 398.4 Q
-(If not supplied with an e)144 415.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
-(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 432 Q F0 .797
+(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 410.4 Q
+(If not supplied with an e)144 427.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2
+(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
+(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 444 Q F0 .797
(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
-(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr)
-3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 444 S
-(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
+(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr)
+3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 456 S
+(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
-F1(popd)108 460.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
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+F2(popd)108 472.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0
+2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091
(se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592
(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665
-(directory listed by)144 484.8 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665
-(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15
+(directory listed by)144 496.8 R F2(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665
+(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and)
--3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 496.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E
+-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 508.8 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E
5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2
-H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 508.8 Q F0 .551
-(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 508.8 R .551
+H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 520.8 Q F0 .551
+(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 520.8 R .551
(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 520.8 Q F1(+)144 532.8 Q F2(n)A
-F0(Remo)180 532.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E
+(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 532.8 Q F2(+)144 544.8 Q F1(n)A
+F0(Remo)180 544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E
F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25
-F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779
-(from the stack.)180 544.8 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:)
+F F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779
+(from the stack.)180 556.8 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:)
-3.429 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4
-.78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 5
56.8 Q F1<ad>144
-568.8 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 568.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76
-E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)
-B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)
--3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 580.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)
+.78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 5
68.8 Q F2<ad>144
+580.8 Q F1(n)A F0(Remo)180 580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76
+E F1(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)
+B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)
+-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 592.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)
2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E
(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093
(If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144
-597.6 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1
-F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 609.6 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2
+609.6 R F1(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1
+F F2(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 621.6 Q F2(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.697 G .196
(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196
-(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696
-E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 621.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E
-(Otherwise,)144 638.4 Q F1(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17
+(If the)5.196 F F2(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F2(popd)2.696
+E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 633.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E
+(Otherwise,)144 650.4 Q F2(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17
(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171
(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o)
--.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 650.4 Q
+-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 662.4 Q
(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144
-667.2 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056
-F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555
+679.2 R F2(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056
+F F2(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555
(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F
-(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 679.2 Q F1(printf)108 696 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)
-A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 708 R F2(ar)2.857 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0 .357(to the standard output under the control of the)
-2.857 F F2(format)2.858 E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0
-(op-)2.858 E .714(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 720
-R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714
-(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
(2023 January 27)141.79 E(12)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 13 13
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%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(output.)144 84 Q(The)144 108 Q/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a character string which c\
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-(simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which ar\
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-144 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.028(.I)C 2.528(na)-5.028 G .027
-(ddition to the standard)-2.528 F F1(printf)2.527 E F0 .027
-(\(3\) format characters)B/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csndiouxXeEfFgGaA)2.527
-E F0(,)A F2(printf)2.527 E F0(in-)2.527 E(terprets the follo)144 156 Q
-(wing additional format speci\214ers:)-.25 E F2(%b)144 168 Q F0(causes)
-180 168 Q F2(printf)2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096
-(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F1(ar)
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53.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
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77.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
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89.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
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-2
06.4 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817
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30.4 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817
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F1<ad75>2.754 E F0 .254(option, split into w)2.754 F .254
(ords as described in)-.1 F F2(bash\(1\))2.754 E F0(under)2.753 E F1
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(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1
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(ay be used to remo)-3.239 F 1.039 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 1.039 -.15(ny s).15
H .739(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .738
(xt character read and for line)-.15 F 2.5(continuation. Options,)144
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(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F
-F2(aname)180.33 362.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+F2(aname)180.33 386.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 374.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
-F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 386.4 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 398.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 410.4 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78
-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 398.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 422.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)
2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad65>144 410.4 Q F0 .628
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 410.4 R F1 -.18
+<ad65>144 434.4 Q F0 .628
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 434.4 R F1 -.18
(re)3.129 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)3.129 E F3(READLINE)3.129 E F0(in)
2.879 E F2(bash\(1\))3.129 E F0 3.129(\)i)C(s)-3.129 E .049
-(used to obtain the line.)180 422.4 R .049
+(used to obtain the line.)180 446.4 R .049
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.049 F .049
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .048(as not pre)-.1 F(vi-)-.25 E
-(ously acti)180 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)
+(ously acti)180 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)
-2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 446.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
--.2 E F0(If)180 446.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 470.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
+-.2 E F0(If)180 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 458.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 470.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 482.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
+-.25 F(ing be)180 482.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 494.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
+(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 506.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 494.4 Q
+(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 518.4 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 506.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 518.4 S
+<ad4e>144 530.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S
(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 530.4 R F1 -.18(re)
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 554.4 R F1 -.18(re)
2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 542.4
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 566.4
R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
-3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 554.4 R .608
+3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 578.4 R .608
(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 566.4 S .669
+3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 590.4 S .669
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 578.4 Q F0
-(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 590.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
-E F0(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 602.4 Q F0
+(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 614.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
+E F0(Display)180 626.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 614.4 Q
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 638.4 Q
2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 626.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 626.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544
+<ad72>144 650.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 650.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544
(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180
-638.4 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E
+662.4 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E
.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)
-180 650.4 Q F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 662.4 Q
+180 674.4 Q F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 686.4 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 674.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 686.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928
+<ad74>144 698.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928
G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 698.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 722.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 710.4 Q
-(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
-.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
-g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-722.4 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
-(2023 January 27)141.79 E(14)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
+3.061 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(14)190.95 E 0 Cg
+EP
%%Page: 15 15
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .589(from re)180 84 R .589(gular \214les.)
--.15 F(If)5.589 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
--.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 96 S(riable)
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(with a fractional portion follo)180 84 Q
+(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
+.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E
+F0 .506(is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le\
+; it has no ef)180 96 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180
+108 R .589(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E
+F0 .589(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E
+-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 120 S(riable)
.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2
(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27
(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)
--2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 108 R .228
+-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 132 R .228
(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228
(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728
-(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F 1.225(turn EOF)180 120 R
+(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F 1.225(turn EOF)180 144 R
3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725 F 1.225(The e)6.225 F
1.225(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15
-E(ceeded.)180 132 Q F1<ad75>144 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
-(If no)144 160.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+E(ceeded.)180 156 Q F1<ad75>144 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
+(If no)144 184.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144
-172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
+196.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18
(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-184.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
-(signing to a readonly v)144 196.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+208.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
+(signing to a readonly v)144 220.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 208.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
-2
25.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
+.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
+2
49.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097
-(quent assignment.)144 2
49.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0
+(quent assignment.)144 2
73.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0
1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 285.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 297.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
-3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 321.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-321.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 333.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+345.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 357.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 369.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 386.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 398.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 398.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 422.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 410.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+144 434.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 434.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
+.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 458.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 470.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 470.4 R .444
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 494.4 R .444
(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 482.4 R -.15
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 506.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
-E .75(mand associated with the)144 494.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+E .75(mand associated with the)144 518.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 506.4 Q F1
-(set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 530.4 Q F1
+(set)108 547.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1
-(set)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
+(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
-547.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
+571.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574
(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 559.2 R 2.613
+(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 583.2 R 2.613
(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 571.2
+(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 595.2
R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)
-.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032
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(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184
-294 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0
+318 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0
3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072
(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 3
06 Q F1<ad70>
-144 318 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 318 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 3
30 Q F1<ad70>
+144 342 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 342 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071
(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5
-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 330 R 1.501
+(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 354 R 1.501
(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)184 342 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
+F3 -.27(BA)184 366 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G
.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 354 R .379
+(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 378 R .379
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184 3
66 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184 3
90 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 402 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 390 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 414 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 402 Q F1<ad72>144 414 Q F0
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 414 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 426 Q
-F0(Exit after reading and e)184 426 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 438 S .773
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 426 Q F1<ad72>144 438 Q F0
+(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 438 Q
+(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 450 Q
+F0(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .773
(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \
-parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 450 R .459(ariables s\
+parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 474 R .459(ariables s\
ubscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)-.25
-F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 462 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391
+F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 486 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25
F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F
-(error message, and, if not interacti)184 474 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
-.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 486 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)184 498 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
+(error message, and, if not interacti)184 498 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
+.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 510 Q F0
+(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
+F1<ad78>144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0
(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E
-F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
+F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 534 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
.25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F
1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236
-(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
+(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 546 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list, to standard error)-.1 E(.)-.55
-E F1<ad42>144 534 Q F0 1.053(The shell performs brace e)184 534 R 1.053
+E F1<ad42>144 558 Q F0 1.053(The shell performs brace e)184 558 R 1.053
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.053(Brace Expansion)3.553 F F0(in)3.553 E F2
(bash\(1\))3.553 E F0 3.553(\). This)B 1.053(is on by)3.553 F(def)184
-546 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 558 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 558 R F1(bash)
+570 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 582 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)
2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F
.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+3.054(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 594 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
+.15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 618 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 618 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .839(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1
-<ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)184 630 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1
+<ad48>144 654 Q F0(Enable)184 654 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 .96
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 654 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 678 Q F0 .96
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452
-(that change the current w)184 666 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
+(that change the current w)184 690 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 678 R(def)
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 702 R(def)
3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 690 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 702 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
-(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
-(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
-(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
-768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
+(mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 18 18
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .4
-(If no ar)184 84 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>144 84 Q F0 .89
+(If set, an)184 84 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1(DEB)3.39 E
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
+(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 120 Q
+F0 .4(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
-.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 .797
-(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 108 R F2(ar)3.297 E
+(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 .797
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 144 R F2(ar)3.297 E
(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796
-(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 120 R F1
+(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 156 R F1
<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B
-(rameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 148.8
+(rameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144 184.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.583
E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
-(listed belo)144 302.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
+(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 314.4 R .065
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 350.4 R .065
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 326.4 R F2
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144 3
38.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
+(tions. The)144 3
74.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605
-E(options ha)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 362.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-362.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 374.4 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
374.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-386.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 386.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
-.255(set or unset.)180 398.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
+.255(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 410.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 422.4 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 422.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 439.2 R F1
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 475.2 R F1
<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983
-(set or unset, respecti)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
+(set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 463.2 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 480
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 499.2 S(ult.)
+.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 516
R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
.696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 492 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 504 Q(The list of)144 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(array_expand_once)144 538.8 Q F0 1.832
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 550.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(array_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.832
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
1.832(luation of associati).25 F 2.131 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.831(nd inde)
.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.331(da).15 G 1.831(rray sub-)-4.331 F .025
-(scripts during arithmetic e)184 562.8 R .025(xpression e)-.15 F -.25
+(scripts during arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .025(xpression e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .025(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .025(cuting b).15
-F .025(uiltins that can perform)-.2 F -.25(va)184 574.8 S
+F .025(uiltins that can perform)-.2 F -.25(va)184 610.8 S
(riable assignments, and while e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting b).15 E
(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1(assoc_expand_once)
-144 586.8 Q F0(Deprecated; a synon)184 598.8 Q(ym for)-.15 E F1
-(array_expand_once)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(autocd)144 610.8 Q F0 .2
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--.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 367.2 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
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-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w)
--.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 391.2 R
-.32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G
-.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.294
-(pletions. See)184 403.2 R F2 .794(SHELL V)3.294 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
+-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 408 R .32
+(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32
+(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.294
+(pletions. See)184 420 R F2 .794(SHELL V)3.294 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
(in)3.044 E F3(bash\(1\))3.294 E F0 .793(for a description of)3.293 F F2
(FIGNORE)3.293 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .793(This op-)5.293 F
-(tion is enabled by def)184 415.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144
-432 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 444 R 2.519
+(tion is enabled by def)184 432 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144
+448.8 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 460.8 R 2.519
(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519
(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E
-(Matching)184 456 Q F0(in)3.116 E F3(bash\(1\))3.366 E F0 3.366(\)b)C
+(Matching)184 472.8 Q F0(in)3.116 E F3(bash\(1\))3.366 E F0 3.366(\)b)C
(eha)-3.366 E 1.166 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.366(si).15 G 3.366(fi)-3.366 G
3.365(nt)-3.366 G .865(he traditional C locale when performing compar)
--3.365 F(-)-.2 E 2.668(isons. That)184 468 R .168
+-3.365 F(-)-.2 E 2.668(isons. That)184 484.8 R .168
(is, the current locale')2.668 F 2.668(sc)-.55 G .168
(ollating sequence is not tak)-2.668 F .168(en into account, so)-.1 F F1
-(b)2.668 E F0(will)2.668 E .563(not collate between)184 480 R F1(A)3.063
-E F0(and)3.063 E F1(B)3.062 E F0 3.062(,a)C .562(nd upper)-3.062 F .562
-(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .562(-case ASCII characters will col-)-.2
-F(late together)184 492 Q(.)-.55 E F1(globskipdots)144 508.8 Q F0 .284
-(If set, pathname e)184 520.8 R .284(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)
-2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63
-E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e).63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785
-(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-)-2.785 F(tern be)184 532.8 Q(gins with a)-.15
-E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C
-(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 549.6 Q
-F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 549.6 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519
-(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518
-(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
-(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 561.6 R .431
+(b)2.668 E F0(will)2.668 E .563(not collate between)184 496.8 R F1(A)
+3.063 E F0(and)3.063 E F1(B)3.062 E F0 3.062(,a)C .562(nd upper)-3.062 F
+.562(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .562
+(-case ASCII characters will col-)-.2 F(late together)184 508.8 Q(.)-.55
+E F1(globskipdots)144 525.6 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 537.6 R
+.284(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285
+(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E
+F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e)
+.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-)
+-2.785 F(tern be)184 549.6 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55
+(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1
+E F1(globstar)144 566.4 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 566.4 R F1(**)
+3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F
+.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
+(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 578.4 R .431
(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184
-573.6 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 590.4 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\
-ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 602.4 Q F1
-(histappend)144 619.2 Q F0 .676
+590.4 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 607.2 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\
+ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 619.2 Q F1
+(histappend)144 636 Q F0 .676
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
-631.2 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G
-(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 643.2 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 660 Q(eedit)-.18
-E F0 .575(If set, and)184 672 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
-(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576
-(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
-(tory substitution.)184 684 Q F1(histv)144 700.8 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
-(If set, and)184 712.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
-(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 724.8 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
-(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
-G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)
+648 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G
+(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 660 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 676.8 Q(eedit)
+-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 688.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E
+F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15
+G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
+(tory substitution.)184 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)
141.79 E(20)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.2(bu)184 84 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5
-(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(hostcomplete)144 100.8 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 112.8
-R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1
-(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681
-F .502(when a w)184 124.8 R .503(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.003 E F0
-.503(is being completed \(see)3.003 F F1(Completing)3.003 E F0(under)
-3.003 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.003 E F0(in)2.753 E/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))184 136.8 Q F0 2.5(\). This)B
-(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 153.6 Q F0
-(If set,)184 165.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histv)144 84 Q(erify)
+-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0
+.403
+(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
+2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 108 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
+(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
+G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 120 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
+2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
+(hostcomplete)144 136.8 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 148.8 R F1 -.18(re)
+3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0
+1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F .502(when a w)
+184 160.8 R .503(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.003 E F0 .503
+(is being completed \(see)3.003 F F1(Completing)3.003 E F0(under)3.003 E
+/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.003 E F0(in)2.753 E/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(bash\(1\))184 172.8 Q F0 2.5(\). This)B
+(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 189.6 Q F0
+(If set,)184 201.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
-.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 182.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
-(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 194.4 R .219
+.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 218.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
+(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 230.4 R .219
(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219
-(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 206.4 Q
+(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 242.4 Q
2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5
-E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 223.2 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments)
-.1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 235.2 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F
+E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 259.2 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments)
+.1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 271.2 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F
.33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33
(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .39
-(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 247.2 R .69 -.15(ve s)-.25
+(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 283.2 R .69 -.15(ve s)-.25
H .39(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)2.89 E F0(in)2.64 E F3(bash\(1\))2.89
-E F0 2.89(\). This)B(option)2.89 E(is enabled by def)184 259.2 Q(ault.)
--.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 276 Q F0 .066(If set, and job control is not acti)
-184 276 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t).15 G .066
+E F0 2.89(\). This)B(option)2.89 E(is enabled by def)184 295.2 Q(ault.)
+-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 312 Q F0 .066(If set, and job control is not acti)
+184 312 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t).15 G .066
(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 288 Q
-(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 304.8 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184
-304.8 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654
+-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 324 Q
+(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 340.8 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184
+340.8 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654
(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F
-(with embedded ne)184 316.8 Q
+(with embedded ne)184 352.8 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 345.6 R
+(localv)144 369.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 381.6 R
.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422
(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
-357.6 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
+393.6 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173
-(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 369.6 Q
-F1(localv)144 386.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 398.4 R
+(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 405.6 Q
+F1(localv)144 422.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 434.4 R
F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F
.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\
ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \
-the beha)184 410.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 422.4 Q
-(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 439.2
+the beha)184 446.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 458.4 Q
+(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 475.2
Q F0 .692
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
-451.2 R F2(INV)3.193 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(in)2.943 E F3
-(bash\(1\))3.193 E F0(\).)A(The v)184 463.2 Q(alue may not be changed.)
--.25 E F1(mailwar)144 480 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)
-184 492 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814
+487.2 R F2(INV)3.193 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(in)2.943 E F3
+(bash\(1\))3.193 E F0(\).)A(The v)184 499.2 Q(alue may not be changed.)
+-.25 E F1(mailwar)144 516 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)
+184 528 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814
(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F
--.1(wa)184 504 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
+-.1(wa)184 540 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)
-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144
-520.8 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 532.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E
+556.8 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 568.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E
F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324
(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E
F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F
-(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 544.8 Q
-F1(nocaseglob)144 561.6 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 573.6 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0
+(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 580.8 Q
+F1(nocaseglob)144 597.6 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 609.6 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0
.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)
--.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 585.6 S
+-.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 621.6 S
(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(in)2.5 E
-F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(nocasematch)144 602.4 Q F0 1.193(If set,)
-184 614.4 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194
+F3(bash\(1\))2.5 E F0(\).)A F1(nocasematch)144 638.4 Q F0 1.193(If set,)
+184 650.4 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194
(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H
-1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 626.4 R
+1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 662.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E
F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051
-F -.1(wo)184 638.4 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\
+F -.1(wo)184 674.4 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\
possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184
-650.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 667.2 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 679.2 R
+686.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 703.2 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 715.2 R
F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\
-ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 691.2 Q
+ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 727.2 Q
(If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E
(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 22 22
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Tue Jun 13 10:36:04 EDT 2023
+@set LASTCHANGE Thu Jun 15 18:11:16 EDT 2023
-@set EDITION 5.2
-@set VERSION 5.2
+@set EDITION 5.3
+@set VERSION 5.3
-@set UPDATED 13 June 2023
+@set UPDATED 15 June 2023
@set UPDATED-MONTH June 2023
static int execute_cond_command (COND_COM *);
#endif
#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
-static int mkfmt (char *, int, int, time_t, int);
+static int mkfmt (char *, int, int, time_t, long);
static void print_formatted_time (FILE *, char *,
- time_t, int, time_t, int,
- time_t, int, int);
+ time_t, long, time_t, long,
+ time_t, long, int);
static int time_command (COMMAND *, int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *);
#endif
#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
#define POSIX_TIMEFORMAT "real %2R\nuser %2U\nsys %2S"
#define BASH_TIMEFORMAT "\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS"
-static const int precs[] = { 0, 100, 10, 1 };
+static const int precs[] = { 0, 100000, 10000, 1000, 100, 10, 1 };
+static const int maxvals[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 10000000 };
/* Expand one `%'-prefixed escape sequence from a time format string. */
-static int
-mkfmt (char *buf, int prec, int lng, time_t sec, int sec_fraction)
+/* SEC_FRACTION is in usecs. We normalize and round that based on the
+ precision. */
+int
+mkfmt (char *buf, int prec, int lng, time_t sec, long sec_fraction)
{
time_t min;
char abuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(time_t) + 1];
buf[ind++] = abuf[aind++];
/* We want to add a decimal point and PREC places after it if PREC is
- nonzero. PREC is not greater than 3. SEC_FRACTION is between 0
- and 999. */
+ nonzero. PREC is not greater than 6. SEC_FRACTION is between 0
+ and 999999 (microseconds). */
if (prec != 0)
{
+ /* We round here because we changed timeval_to_secs to return
+ microseconds and normalized clock_t_to_secs's fractional return
+ value to microseconds, deferring the work to be done to now.
+
+ sec_fraction is in microseconds. Take the value, cut off what we
+ don't want, round up if necessary, then convert back to
+ microseconds. */
+ if (prec != 6)
+ {
+ int frac, rest, maxval;
+
+ maxval = maxvals[6 - prec];
+ frac = sec_fraction / maxval;
+ rest = sec_fraction % maxval;
+
+ if (rest >= maxval/2)
+ frac++;
+
+ sec_fraction = frac * (1000000 / maxvals[prec]);
+ }
+
buf[ind++] = locale_decpoint ();
for (aind = 1; aind <= prec; aind++)
{
resectively. */
static void
print_formatted_time (FILE *fp, char *format,
- time_t rs, int rsf, time_t us, int usf, time_t ss, int ssf,
+ time_t rs, long rsf, time_t us, long usf, time_t ss, long ssf,
int cpu)
{
int prec, lng, len;
char *str, *s, ts[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (time_t) + sizeof ("mSS.FFFF")];
time_t sum;
- int sum_frac;
+ long sum_frac;
int sindex, ssize;
len = strlen (format);
if (DIGIT (*s)) /* `precision' */
{
prec = *s++ - '0';
- if (prec > 3) prec = 3;
+ if (prec > 6) prec = 6;
}
if (*s == 'l') /* `length extender' */
{
time_command (COMMAND *command, int asynchronous, int pipe_in, int pipe_out, struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close)
{
int rv, posix_time, old_flags, nullcmd, code;
- time_t rs, us, ss;
- int rsf, usf, ssf;
+ time_t rs, us, ss; /* seconds */
+ long rsf, usf, ssf; /* microseconds */
int cpu;
char *time_format;
volatile procenv_t save_top_level;
sh_longjmp (top_level, code);
rs = us = ss = 0;
- rsf = usf = ssf = cpu = 0;
+ rsf = usf = ssf = 0;
+ cpu = 0;
#if defined (HAVE_GETRUSAGE) && defined (HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
# if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE)
getrusage (RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &kidsa);
difftimeval (&real, &before, &after);
- timeval_to_secs (&real, &rs, &rsf);
+ timeval_to_secs (&real, &rs, &rsf, 1000000);
addtimeval (&user, difftimeval(&after, &selfb.ru_utime, &selfa.ru_utime),
difftimeval(&before, &kidsb.ru_utime, &kidsa.ru_utime));
- timeval_to_secs (&user, &us, &usf);
+ timeval_to_secs (&user, &us, &usf, 1000000);
addtimeval (&sys, difftimeval(&after, &selfb.ru_stime, &selfa.ru_stime),
difftimeval(&before, &kidsb.ru_stime, &kidsa.ru_stime));
- timeval_to_secs (&sys, &ss, &ssf);
+ timeval_to_secs (&sys, &ss, &ssf, 1000000);
cpu = timeval_to_cpu (&real, &user, &sys);
#else
real = tafter - tbefore;
clock_t_to_secs (real, &rs, &rsf);
+ /* clock_t_to_secs returns RSF in milliseconds; multipy by 1000 to get microseconds. */
+ rsf *= 1000;
user = (after.tms_utime - before.tms_utime) + (after.tms_cutime - before.tms_cutime);
clock_t_to_secs (user, &us, &usf);
+ usf *= 1000;
sys = (after.tms_stime - before.tms_stime) + (after.tms_cstime - before.tms_cstime);
clock_t_to_secs (sys, &ss, &ssf);
+ ssf *= 1000;
cpu = (real == 0) ? 0 : ((user + sys) * 10000) / real;
/* No prototypes so we don't have to have clock_t defined when this file
is included. */
#ifdef NEED_CLOCK_FUNCS_DECL
-extern void clock_t_to_secs (clock_t, time_t *, int *);
+extern void clock_t_to_secs (clock_t, time_t *, long *);
extern void print_clock_t (FILE *, clock_t);
#endif
so we don't have to count on having a definition of struct timeval in
scope when this file is included. */
#ifdef NEED_TIMEVAL_FUNCS_DECL
-extern void timeval_to_secs (struct timeval *, time_t *, int *);
+extern void timeval_to_secs (struct timeval *, time_t *, long *, int);
extern void print_timeval (FILE *, struct timeval *);
#endif
entry finder function. */
int rl_filename_quoting_desired = 1;
+/* Non-zero means we should apply filename-type quoting to all completions
+ even if we are not otherwise treating the matches as filenames. This is
+ ALWAYS zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry
+ finder function. */
+int rl_full_quoting_desired = 0;
+
+#define QUOTING_DESIRED() \
+ (rl_full_quoting_desired || (rl_filename_completion_desired && rl_filename_quoting_desired))
+
/* This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real
filename completion is done, after all the matching names have been
generated. It is passed a (char**) known as matches in the code below.
/* Only the completion entry function can change these. */
rl_filename_completion_desired = 0;
rl_filename_quoting_desired = 1;
+ rl_full_quoting_desired = 0;
rl_completion_type = what_to_do;
rl_completion_suppress_append = rl_completion_suppress_quote = 0;
rl_completion_append_character = ' ';
check against the list of matches
FI */
dtext = (char *)NULL;
- if (rl_filename_completion_desired &&
- rl_filename_dequoting_function &&
- rl_completion_found_quote &&
- rl_filename_quoting_desired)
+ if (QUOTING_DESIRED() && rl_completion_found_quote &&
+ rl_filename_dequoting_function)
{
dtext = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) ((char *)text, rl_completion_quote_character);
text = dtext;
matches don't require a quoted substring. */
replacement = match;
- should_quote = match && rl_completer_quote_characters &&
- rl_filename_completion_desired &&
- rl_filename_quoting_desired;
+ should_quote = match && rl_completer_quote_characters && QUOTING_DESIRED();
if (should_quote)
should_quote = should_quote && (!qc || !*qc ||
char *temp;
int r;
- if (rl_filename_completion_desired && rl_filename_quoting_desired &&
- rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
+ if (QUOTING_DESIRED() && rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
{
temp = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) (text, rl_completion_quote_character);
r = strcmp (temp, match);
strcmp directly. */
/* nontrivial_lcd is set if the common prefix adds something to the word
being completed. */
- if (rl_filename_completion_desired && rl_filename_quoting_desired &&
- rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
+ if (QUOTING_DESIRED() && rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
{
char *t;
t = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) (text, rl_completion_quote_character);
by @code{rl_filename_quoting_function}.
@end deftypevar
+@deftypevar int rl_full_quoting_desired
+Non-zero means that Readline should apply filename-style quoting,
+including any application-specified quoting mechanism,
+to all completion matches even if we are not otherwise treating the
+matches as filenames.
+This is @emph{always} zero when completion is attempted, and can only
+be changed within an application-specific completion function.
+The quoting is effected via a call to the function pointed to
+by @code{rl_filename_quoting_function}.
+
@deftypevar int rl_attempted_completion_over
If an application-specific completion function assigned to
@code{rl_attempted_completion_function} sets this variable to a non-zero
This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified
with @option{-F}.
+@item fullquote
+Tell Readline to quote all the completed words even if they are not
+filenames.
+
@item noquote
Tell Readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames
(quoting filenames is the default).
@set EDITION 8.2
@set VERSION 8.2
-@set UPDATED 27 March 2023
-@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2023
+@set UPDATED 15 June 2023
+@set UPDATED-MONTH June 2023
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Mar 27 11:41:20 EDT 2023
+@set LASTCHANGE Thu Jun 15 14:37:40 EDT 2023
entry finder function. */
extern int rl_filename_quoting_desired;
+/* Non-zero means we should apply filename-type quoting to all completions
+ even if we are not otherwise treating the matches as filenames. This is
+ ALWAYS zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion entry
+ finder function. */
+extern int rl_full_quoting_desired;
+
/* Set to a function to quote a filename in an application-specific fashion.
Called with the text to quote, the type of match found (single or multiple)
and a pointer to the quoting character to be used, which the function can
extern long get_clk_tck (void);
void
-clock_t_to_secs (clock_t t, time_t *sp, int *sfp)
+clock_t_to_secs (clock_t t, time_t *sp, long *sfp)
{
static long clk_tck = -1;
{
time_t timestamp;
long minutes;
- int seconds, seconds_fraction;
+ int seconds;
+ long seconds_fraction;
clock_t_to_secs (t, ×tamp, &seconds_fraction);
minutes = timestamp / 60;
seconds = timestamp % 60;
- fprintf (fp, "%ldm%d%c%03ds", minutes, seconds, locale_decpoint(), seconds_fraction);
+ fprintf (fp, "%ldm%d%c%03lds", minutes, seconds, locale_decpoint(), seconds_fraction);
}
#endif /* HAVE_TIMES */
return ((t2.tv_sec == 0) ? 0 : t1.tv_sec / t2.tv_sec);
}
-/* Convert a pointer to a struct timeval to seconds and thousandths of a
- second, returning the values in *SP and *SFP, respectively. This does
- rounding on the fractional part, not just truncation to three places. */
+/* Convert a pointer to a struct timeval to seconds and fractions of a
+ second, returning the values in *SP and *SFP, respectively. The precision
+ of the fractional part is determined by MAXVAL. For instance, if MAXVAL
+ is 10000000, this just returns the tv_usec field. This does rounding on
+ the fractional part, not just truncation to three places. */
void
-timeval_to_secs (struct timeval *tvp, time_t *sp, int *sfp)
+timeval_to_secs (struct timeval *tvp, time_t *sp, long *sfp, int maxval)
{
int rest;
*sp = tvp->tv_sec;
*sfp = tvp->tv_usec % 1000000; /* pretty much a no-op */
- rest = *sfp % 1000;
- *sfp = (*sfp * 1000) / 1000000;
- if (rest >= 500)
- *sfp += 1;
+ if (maxval < 1000000) /* don't bother otherwise */
+ {
+ rest = *sfp % maxval;
+ *sfp = (*sfp * maxval) / 1000000;
+ if (rest >= maxval/2)
+ *sfp += 1;
+ }
/* Sanity check */
- if (*sfp >= 1000)
+ if (*sfp >= maxval)
{
*sp += 1;
- *sfp -= 1000;
+ *sfp -= maxval;
}
}
{
time_t timestamp;
long minutes;
- int seconds, seconds_fraction;
+ int seconds;
+ long seconds_fraction;
- timeval_to_secs (tvp, ×tamp, &seconds_fraction);
+ timeval_to_secs (tvp, ×tamp, &seconds_fraction, 1000);
minutes = timestamp / 60;
seconds = timestamp % 60;
- fprintf (fp, "%ldm%d%c%03ds", minutes, seconds, locale_decpoint (), seconds_fraction);
+ fprintf (fp, "%ldm%d%c%03lds", minutes, seconds, locale_decpoint (), seconds_fraction);
}
#endif /* HAVE_TIMEVAL */
regexp `^#define[ ]*PATCHLEVEL', since that's what support/mkversion.sh
looks for to find the patch level (for the sccs version string). */
-#define PATCHLEVEL 15
+#define PATCHLEVEL 0
#endif /* _PATCHLEVEL_H_ */
sure that readline knows it. */
if (flags & COPT_FILENAMES)
rl_filename_completion_desired = nval;
+ /* If we want to quote everything, not just filenames, tell readline. */
+ if (flags & COPT_FULLQUOTE)
+ rl_full_quoting_desired = nval;
/* If the user doesn't want a space appended, tell readline. */
if (flags & COPT_NOSPACE)
rl_completion_suppress_append = nval;
#define COPT_BASHDEFAULT (1<<6)
#define COPT_PLUSDIRS (1<<7)
#define COPT_NOSORT (1<<8)
+#define COPT_FULLQUOTE (1<<9)
-#define COPT_LASTUSER COPT_NOSORT
+#define COPT_LASTUSER COPT_FULLQUOTE
#define PCOMP_RETRYFAIL (COPT_LASTUSER << 1)
#define PCOMP_NOTFOUND (COPT_LASTUSER << 2)
one
two
three
-5.2
+5.3
echo ${BASH_VERSION%\.*}
-5.2
+5.3
echo ${BASH_VERSION%\.*}
a
b
<'ab cd'>
<'4'> <'ab cd'>
<>
-argv[1] = <host(2)[5.2]$ >
+argv[1] = <host(2)[5.3]$ >
<
>
<' \t\n'>
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
