bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
- _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
+ _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains eight-bit characters. This variable
+ is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale category, and may change if
+ the locale is changed.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
- characters.
+ characters. This variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale
+ category, and may change if the locale is changed.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq-\b-t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt (\b(5\b50\b00\b0)\b)
- Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
- reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
+ Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
+ reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
- ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
- complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
- so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
- additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
- or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
- until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
+ ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
+ complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
+ so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
+ additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
+ or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
+ until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
complete.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
r\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
- contains eight-bit characters.
+ contains eight-bit characters. This variable is dependent on
+ the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale category, and may change if the locale is
+ changed.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to O\bOn\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to O\bOn\bn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
stead of ringing the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-i\bin\bn-\b-p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
- cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
+ cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg).
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-t\bte\bex\bxt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bi-\b-c\bcm\bmd\bd-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(c\bcm\bmd\bd)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
- when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
+ when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bi-\b-i\bin\bns\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(i\bin\bns\bs)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives used.
- $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
- extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
+ extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
characters are required to isolate it.
- m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
- stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
+ stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
emacs mode.
- t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the =\b= is tested against both the full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
for instance.
v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
- against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
- to the current readline version. The set of comparison
- operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
- The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
- erator consists of a major version number, an optional
+ The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
+ against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
+ to the current readline version. The set of comparison
+ operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
+ The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
+ erator consists of a major version number, an optional
decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 7\b7.\b.1\b1).
- If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
+ If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
The operator may be separated from the string v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn and
from the version number argument by whitespace.
a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
The a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn construct is used to include application-
- specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
- brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
+ brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh:
$\b$i\bif\bf Bash
_\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be
The _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be construct provides simple equality tests for
- readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
- operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
+ readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
+ operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the
- operator may be separated from the value on the right
- hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
- ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
+ operator may be separated from the value on the right
+ hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
+ ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
against the values _\bo_\bn and _\bo_\bf_\bf.
$\b$e\ben\bnd\bdi\bif\bf This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $\b$i\bif\bf
test fails.
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
- commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
ing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
- the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
- Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
- Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
- line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
- Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
- history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
- Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
- search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
the history list.
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
- Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
string, any remembered search string is used.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
- to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
- tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
- a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
+ tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
- previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
- effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
- one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
+ effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
+ one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
the prompt plus the screen width.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect
- if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
- physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
+ if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
+ physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
- buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
+ Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
+ buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
at the top of the screen.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur-
- rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
+ rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
the current line without clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
Move to the first line in the history.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
- Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
- relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
- numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
+ numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
use instead of the current line.
f\bfe\bet\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
- With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
+ With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
and make it the current line. Without an argument, move back to
the first entry in the history list.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the current cursor po-
- sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
+ sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
history line. This is a non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
- string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
+ string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
cremental search.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
- insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
- serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
+ serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
+ the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
"!_\bn" history expansion had been specified.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave
- exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
- the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
+ the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive
- calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
- negative argument switches the direction through the history
+ calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
+ negative argument switches the direction through the history
(back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to
extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been
specified.
tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
P\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
expansion.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
for a description of alias expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL, $\b$E\bED\bD-\b-
I\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
_\be_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bo_\bf_\b-_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (\b(u\bus\bsu\bua\bal\bll\bly\by C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
- ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
- ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
+ The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+ ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
+ ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns E\bEO\bOF\bF.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty E\bEO\bOF\bF character, as C\bC-\b-d\bd commonly is, see
above for the effects.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
Insert a tab character.
s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
Insert the character typed.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
- ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
- pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
- w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
+ ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
+ w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
the kill-ring.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, .\b..\b..\b.,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the nu-
meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if
this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei-
- ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
- begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
- (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
+ begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
completion is attempted.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
- execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and the original text is restored. An argument of _\bn
moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative ar-
gument may be used to move backward through the list. This com-
mand is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by default.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
+ Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
line, behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command
is unbound by default.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
- against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b()\b)
- Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
+ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
d\bdo\bo-\b-l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-A\bA,\b, M\bM-\b-B\bB,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
- If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The
behavior is undefined if _\bx is already lowercase.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the mark is set to that position.
e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
- set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
as the mark.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
- that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
rences.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
quent occurrences.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bcs\bsi\bi-\b-s\bse\beq\bqu\bue\ben\bnc\bce\be
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
- toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
- match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
wise the characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn are deleted from the begin-
- ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
- newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
- causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
- If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
moved, the line will be executed by the shell.
s\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl-\b-c\bco\bor\brr\bre\bec\bct\bt-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx s\bs)\b)
- Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
- a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
- option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
+ Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
+ a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
+ option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
- pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
- used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
+ used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
pletions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
pansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replac-
ing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is
appended before pathname expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
- The list of expansions that would have been generated by
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
- numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
- the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
mable completion facilities are invoked.
- First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
- empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
- any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
- compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
+ First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
+ empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
+ any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
+ compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command
- word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
- for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
- is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
- with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
- default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
- a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
+ word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
+ for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
+ is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
+ default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
+ a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
from any successful expansion.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG op-
- tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
- ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
- and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
+ ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
fined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
- plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
fault completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
- S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
- less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
- file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol-
lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
- ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
- history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
- history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
- lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
- overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
- writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
- set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
+ ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
+ history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
+ history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
+ lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
+ overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
+ writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
+ set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
tory comment character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions.
- This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
- other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
- truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
+ This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
+ truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
than zero, the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
- nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
+ nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
tions.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
- line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
- count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
- line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
- to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
- The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
- that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
- able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
- in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
+ line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
+ count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
+ line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
+ to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
+ The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
+ that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
+ able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
+ in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His-
- tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
- sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
- quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
- pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
+ tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
+ sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
+ quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
+ pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
- tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
+ tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
- omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
used; it is an error if there is no previous search string.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_\bn The _\bnth word.
^\b^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
- $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
+ $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
- %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
- the search string begins with a character that is part of a
+ %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
+ the search string begins with a character that is part of a
word.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word. If x\bx is miss-
ing, it defaults to 0.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. These mod-
ify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
- b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
sive; the last one supplied is used.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /.
- The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with
a single backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd.
- A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
- to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
- tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
+ A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
+ to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
+ tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
If _\bn_\be_\bw is null, each matching _\bo_\bl_\bd is deleted.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' or `&\b&' modifier once to each word in the
event line.
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt/[\b[ builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
- t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
+ and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
+ t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell en-
- vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
- filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, but _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not need to be executable. The file
- searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not
- in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is searched if no file is
- found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
- command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
- _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional parameters when
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are
- unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled, .\b. inherits any trap on
+ searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not
+ in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is searched if no file is
+ found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional parameters when
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are
+ unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled, .\b. inherits any trap on
D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored
- around the call to .\b., and .\b. unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it exe-
+ around the call to .\b., and .\b. unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it exe-
cutes. If -\b-T\bT is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG
- trap, the new value is retained when .\b. completes. The return
- status is the status of the last command exited within the
+ trap, the new value is retained when .\b. completes. The return
+ status is the status of the last command exited within the
script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
not found or cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
- turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
+ turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would ap-
- pear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but
- each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
- e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied,
+ pear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but
+ each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
+ e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
- is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
+ is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is en-
- tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT and R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK
- variables to the current location of the insertion point
- and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
- The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied
+ variables to the current location of the insertion point
+ and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
+ The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied
to the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT variable. If there was no argu-
- ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
- changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
+ ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
+ changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
reflected in the editing state.
- -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
associated commands in a format that can be reused as in-
put.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
- ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
+ ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]] [-@]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
- the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. The vari-
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. The vari-
able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for the directory containing
- _\bd_\bi_\br: each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alter-
- native directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:).
- A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current di-
- rectory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bD-\b-
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical
+ _\bd_\bi_\br: each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alter-
+ native directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:).
+ A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current di-
+ rectory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bD-\b-
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical
directory structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing
- _\bd_\bi_\br and before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the
+ _\bd_\bi_\br and before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the
-\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces sym-
- bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process-
- ing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is pro-
- cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
- from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be
- option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory
- cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
- change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that
+ bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process-
+ ing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is pro-
+ cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
+ from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be
+ option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory
+ cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
+ change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that
support it, the -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes asso-
- ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is con-
- verted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If
- a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the
- first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab-
- solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the
+ ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is con-
+ verted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If
+ a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the
+ first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab-
+ solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the
standard output. If the directory change is successful, c\bcd\bd sets
- the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the new directory
- name, and sets the O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the value of
- the current working directory before the change. The return
- value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false
+ the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the new directory
+ name, and sets the O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the value of
+ the current working directory before the change. The return
+ value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false
otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
- tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
+ tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
cilities, while available, will not have useful values.
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt]
- [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
+ [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other sup-
- plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
- mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
- which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
- indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
- to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
- on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
- options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
- non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
- such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
- multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
+ plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
+ mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
+ which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
+ indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
+ to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
+ on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
+ options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
+ non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
+ such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
+ multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
over -\b-E\bE, and both take precedence over -\b-I\bI. If any of -\b-D\bD, -\b-E\bE, or
- -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
+ -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
completions only apply to the case specified by the option.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
m\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
- fault) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
+ fault) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
generated, directory name completion is at-
tempted and any matches are added to the results
of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
- output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ output is used as the possible completions. Arguments
are passed as with the -\b-F\bF option.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose ar-
guments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is
the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is
- the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
- rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
+ rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
- Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
- tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
- scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
- tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
+ tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
+ scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
+ tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that other
- supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion
- on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
- mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
completion.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
- closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
- is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
+ closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
+ is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
- tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
+ tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits
- the display of function definitions; only the function name and
+ the display of function definitions; only the function name and
attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled
- using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
+ using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
-\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or modified at
the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell func-
- tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
- local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
+ tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
+ local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
+ at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
local variable is initially unset. The following options can be
- used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
+ used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
bute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions in-
- herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
+ herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
vironment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
- the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
- variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
+ variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
used in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as
- with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
- variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
- is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
- ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
- not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
+ with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
+ variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
+ is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
+ ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
+ not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made
to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as-
sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as-
- signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
- rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
- tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
- list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
+ rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
+ tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
+ list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
from the list. The current directory is always the first direc-
tory in the stack.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
tries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
ceives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means
- to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
+ to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is
0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
- cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
- the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
+ cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
+ the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
quences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
- abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
+ abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
Bash will use the value of the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable as a
colon-separated list of directories in which to search for _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
- delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
- shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
+ delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
+ shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn is supplied,
only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the list
- printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
- not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
- stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
- plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
- load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
- were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
+ printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
+ not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
+ stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
+ plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
+ load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
+ were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what _\bl_\bo_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
- the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
- equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
- it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
- -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
+ the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
+ equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
+ it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
+ -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
- valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
+ valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by
- white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
- used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
+ used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op-
tion requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automatically;
- it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
+ it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
to be used.
When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a re-
turn value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of the
first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
- arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
stead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
T\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
- is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
+ is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
- restored to their original values when the function returns.
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
+ restored to their original values when the function returns.
The restore is effected as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands were exe-
- cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func-
- tion. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables
- to the standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
- within a function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used
- outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a
+ cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func-
+ tion. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables
+ to the standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
+ within a function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used
+ outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a
readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
- With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
+ With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
- example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory
stack entry is specified.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T directives all use the field width and preci-
bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded argument,
which usually contains more characters than the original.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
- word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
- ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
+ word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
+ ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
- scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
- otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
- sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
- evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
- variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
+ evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
+ variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
perform array dereferencing.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones ex-
iting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
- quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
- between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
+ quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
+ between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', even if the pattern begins with
a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
tion is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above. This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
- and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
- shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
+ and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
+ shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
not supplied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
- third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
- the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
- argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
+ third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
+ the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
+ argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
ceives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a sin-
- gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
- nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
- is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
+ gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
+ nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
+ is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no arguments are
- supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
- mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
- shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
- numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
+ supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
+ mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
+ shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
+ numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
ishes executing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or re-
- set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
- turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
- of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
- as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
- turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
+ turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
+ of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
+ as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
+ turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
- the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
- S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
+ the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
- ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
- level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
- sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
- scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
+ ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
+ level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
+ sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
+ scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions
warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
- +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
+ +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
or B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
- +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
+ +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
s\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE --
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
- The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
+ The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
command history
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/ and _\bh_\bt_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b._\bs_\ba_\bv_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bn_\ba_\bh_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bc_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b._\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bs_\bn_\ba_\bp_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b-_\bm_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be_\br_\b._\bt_\ba_\br_\b._\bg_\bz.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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+(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.341 E F0 3.341(,r)C .841(eadline con\214\
gures the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.341 F(uf)
-.2 E .84(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of \
-treating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 192 R -.15
-(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.159(board. This)144 204 R(pre)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+treating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 216 R -.15
+(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.159(board. This)144 228 R(pre)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
.659(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .659(cuting an).15 F 3.158
(ye)-.15 G .658(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .958 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
-.658(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 216 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1
-(enable\255k)108 228 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)144 240 R
+.658(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 240 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1
+(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)144 264 R
F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 252 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 264 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
-(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
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(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 288 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q
(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1
-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 300 Q F0(If set to)144 312 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
+(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
--.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 324 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.052
+-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.052
E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\
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+e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E
F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\))
-108 360 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 372 R
+108 384 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R
-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)
-3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598
-E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 384 R 2.982(we)-.25 G
+E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 408 R 2.982(we)-.25 G
.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483
(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278
-(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 396 R .277(By def)5.278 F
+(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 420 R .277(By def)5.278 F
.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277
-(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 408 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F
+(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 432 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F
3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2
(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E
-(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 420 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 432 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
-(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
+(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 444 Q F1
+(horizontal\255scr)108 456 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
+(When set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
- ne)144 456 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 468 R
+ ne)144 480 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 492 R
(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1
-(input\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)
+(input\255meta \(Off\))108 504 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)
3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \
is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335
-(characters it reads\), re)144 504 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335
+(characters it reads\), re)144 528 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335
(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name)
-5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 516 S(ynon)
+5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 540 S(ynon)
-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E
.364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364
(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364
-(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 528 Q F1
-(isear)108 540 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))
+(if the locale contains)2.864 F 1.866(eight-bit characters.)144 552 R
+1.866(This v)6.866 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F1
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+G 1.867(nd may)-4.367 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 564 Q F1
+(isear)108 576 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))
-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\
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-.935(ing the character as a command.)144 564 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
-.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934
-(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 576 Q F2
+ental search without subsequently e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E
+.934(ing the character as a command.)144 600 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
+.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
+(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2
(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
-108 588 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 600
-R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
-(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .042
-(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 612 R F0 2.542(,a)C
+108 624 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144
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(nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042
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-.448(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.448(.T)C
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-(editing\255mode)2.949 E F0 .449(also af-)2.949 F(fects the def)144 636
-Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 648 S
-(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 660 R
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+(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 672
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+(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 696 R
F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367
-(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 672 R .824
+(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s)
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-.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E
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1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei)
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-(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907(alue of)-.25 F
-.05(1000 means that)144 708 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05
-(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05
-(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
-(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 720 R(alue,)-.25
-E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
-(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed)
--2.552 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(45)198.165 E 0 Cg
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+F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 July 29)149.005 E(45)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(to decide which k)
-144 84 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(equence to complete.).15 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 96 Q(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0
-(If set to)144 108 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .907
+(use the shorter b)144 84 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1
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+(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F
+.05(1000 means that)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.55 G
+(adline).37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05
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+(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
+(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 108 R(alue,)-.25
+E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
+(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed)
+-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
+(equence to complete.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 132 Q
+(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 144 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.)
-.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 120 Q F0(If set to)144
-132 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
--.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1
-(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 144 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
-(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 156 R F1(On)2.675 E F0
+.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144
+168 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
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+(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 180 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
+(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 192 R F2(On)2.675 E F0
2.675(,c)C .175
(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
--.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 168
-Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1
-(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 180 Q F0 .192(This v)144 192 R
-.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192
-(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193
-(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457
-(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 204 R .456
-(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
--2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
-(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 216 Q F1
-(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
-1.585(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
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+(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 216 Q F0 .193(This v)144 228 R
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+(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192
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+(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 240 R .456
+(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
+-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
+(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 252 Q F2
+(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 264 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
+1.586(If set to)144 276 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
--4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 252 Q
-(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 264 Q F0
-.507(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \
+-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 288 Q
+(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 300 Q F0
+.506(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \
display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\
-ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 288 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
-(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E
-(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)
-3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144
-300 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 312 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 324
-R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2
-(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
+ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 324 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
+(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C
+.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884
+(if the locale contains)3.384 F 1.866(eight-bit characters.)144 336 R
+1.866(This v)6.866 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2
+(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F0 1.867(locale cate)4.367 F(gory)-.15 E 4.367(,a)-.65
+G 1.867(nd may)-4.367 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 348 Q F2
+(page\255completions \(On\))108 360 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 372 R F2(On)
+3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor)
+3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
-(tions at a time.)144 336 Q F1
-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .227
-(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\
+(tions at a time.)144 384 Q F2
+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .227
+(If set to)144 408 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\
lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or)
--2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 372 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E
-(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 384 T
-(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 396 R
-F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699
+-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 420 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E
+(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 432 T
+(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 444 R
+F2(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699
(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when)
--3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 408 S
+-3.199 F F2(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 456 S
2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186
(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186
-(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 420 S(adline)
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-F0 .304(This alters the def)144 444 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
-(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On)
+(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 468 S(adline)
+.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E
+F0 .304(This alters the def)144 492 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
+(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On)
2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
-isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 456 R(bell.)144 468 Q F1
-(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346
-(This alters the def)144 492 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
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(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
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-(out in emacs mode.)180 326.4 Q F1(term)144 343.2 Q F0(The)180 343.2 Q
+(out in emacs mode.)180 350.4 Q F1(term)144 367.2 Q F0(The)180 367.2 Q
F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696
(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15
-(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R
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.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154
(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.232
+(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 391.2 Q F1(=)3.232
E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
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-
379.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
+
403.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
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-(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 420 Q F1 -.1
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(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272
(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271
-(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 432 Q F1(=)3.063 E
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(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318
-(of the operator consists of a major v)180 444 R .318(ersion number)-.15
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-(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 456 R
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+C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 492 R F1
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-(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 480 Q F1
-(application)144 496.8 Q F0(The)180 508.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0
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+E .697(Incremental searches be)108 223.2 R .697
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-(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 218.4 R .112
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(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\
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-(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 319.2 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1
-H .174
+(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 336 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
+.174
(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E
-.541(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
+.541(instance, a)108 348 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 343.2
-Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 360 R
+(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 360 Q
+.653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 376.8 R
.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)
-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E
-(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
+(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 388.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.)
-2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\
-re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 388.8 R(The searc\
+re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 405.6 R(The searc\
h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\
-rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.391
-(The follo)108 429.6 R 1.391
+rent line.)108 417.6 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 434.4 Q F0 1.391
+(The follo)108 446.4 R 1.391
(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
-3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .122
+3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 458.4 R .122
(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1
H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121
-(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.41 E
+(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 470.4 Q F2(point)3.41 E
F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E
F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db)
-.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5
+.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 482.4 Q F0 2.5
(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E
(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re)
-2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 482.4 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1
-E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 494.4 Q F0(Mo)144 506.4 Q .3
+2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 499.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1
+E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 511.2 Q F0(Mo)144 523.2 Q .3
-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1
-(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 518.4 Q F0(Mo)144 530.4 Q .3 -.15
+(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 535.2 Q F0(Mo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108
-542.4 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve f)
+559.2 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f)
-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 566.4 Q F0(Mo)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)
--.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 590.4 S(rward\255w)
-.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
+(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 583.2 Q F0(Mo)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b)
+-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 607.2 S(rward\255w)
+.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 619.2 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)
-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F
-(ters and digits\).)144 614.4 Q F1(backward\255w)108 626.4 Q
-(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41
+(ters and digits\).)144 631.2 Q F1(backward\255w)108 643.2 Q
+(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41
(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91
(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F
-(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 650.4 Q F1(shell\255f)108 662.4
-Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 674.4 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 667.2 Q F1(shell\255f)108 679.2
+Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 691.2 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984
(ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)
--.8 F(ters.)144 686.4 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 698.4 Q(ord)-.1 E
-F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609
-(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109
-(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F
-(metacharacters.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005
-E(48)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+-.8 F(ters.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(48)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(pr)108 84 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0
-.891(Attempt to mo)144 96 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891
+SF(shell\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .908 -.15
+(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609
+(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609
+(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 108 Q
+F1(pr)108 120 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0
+.891(Attempt to mo)144 132 R 1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891
(oint to the same ph).15 F .891(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F
.89(vious ph)-.25 F .89(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)
-144 108 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87
+144 144 R 1.17 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87
(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G
-3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 120 Q(ysical line or if\
+3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 156 Q(ysical line or if\
point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen wid\
-th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 132 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638
-(Attempt to mo)144 144 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph)
+th.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 168 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638
+(Attempt to mo)144 180 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638(oint to the same ph)
.15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F .637(xt ph)-.15 F .637
-(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 156 R .309 -.15
+(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha)144 192 R .309 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009
(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G
2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E .772(line\
or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the \
-length of the prompt plus)144 168 R(the screen width.)144 180 Q F1
-(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 192 Q F0 1.498
-(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 204 R 3.999(ss)
+length of the prompt plus)144 204 R(the screen width.)144 216 Q F1
+(clear\255display \(M\255C\255l\))108 228 Q F0 1.498
+(Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal')144 240 R 3.999(ss)
-.55 G 1.499(crollback b)-3.999 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.999(,t)-.4 G
1.499(hen redra)-3.999 F 3.999(wt)-.15 G 1.499(he current line,)-3.999 F
-(lea)144 216 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1
-(clear\255scr)108 228 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36
-(Clear the screen, then redra)144 240 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36
+(lea)144 252 Q(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 E F1
+(clear\255scr)108 264 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 1.36
+(Clear the screen, then redra)144 276 R 3.86(wt)-.15 G 1.36
(he current line, lea)-3.86 F 1.36
-(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 252 S
+(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)144 288 S
(th an ar).4 E
(gument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen.)-.18 E F1
--.18(re)108 264 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0
-(Refresh the current line.)144 276 Q F1(Commands f)87 292.8 Q
+-.18(re)108 300 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0
+(Refresh the current line.)144 312 Q F1(Commands f)87 328.8 Q
(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108
-304.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 316.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
+340.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158(Accept the line re)144 352.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
.158(rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158
(If this line is non-empty)5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159
(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699(according to the state of the)
-144 328.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)
+144 364.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)
2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699
(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F
-(restore the history line to its original state.)144 340.8 Q F1(pr)108
-352.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0
-(Fetch the pre)144 364.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25
-E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 376.8
-Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 388.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15
+(restore the history line to its original state.)144 376.8 Q F1(pr)108
+388.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0
+(Fetch the pre)144 400.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25
+E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 412.8
+Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 424.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15
E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1
-(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 400.8 Q F0(Mo)144 412.8 Q .3
+(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 436.8 Q F0(Mo)144 448.8 Q .3
-.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)
--.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q
+-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 460.8 Q F0(Mo)144 472.8 Q
.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5
(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1
-(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 448.8 Q F0 .947
-(Accept the current line for e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
+(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 484.8 Q F0 .947
+(Accept the current line for e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15
(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73
-(history for editing.)144 472.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F
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.729
(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of)
--.18 F(the current line.)144 484.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 496.8 Q F0
--.4(Wi)144 508.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256
+-.18 F(the current line.)144 520.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 532.8 Q F0
+-.4(Wi)144 544.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256
(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei)
-.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G
-(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 520.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H
+(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 556.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H
(ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)
-108 532.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471
-(Search backw)144 544.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo)
+108 568.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471
+(Search backw)144 580.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo)
-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E
-(This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 568.8 S
+(This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 604.8 S
(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131
-(Search forw)144 580.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)
+(Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)
-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)
--.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1
-(non\255incr)108 604.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H
+-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 628.8 Q F1
+(non\255incr)108 640.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H
(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)
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-(and the point.)144 700.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)
-144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\
-een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q
-(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)
-108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard\
- through the history for the string of characters between the start of \
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-144 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007
+SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249
+(Search forw)144 96 R .249(ard through the history for the string of ch\
+aracters between the start of the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144
+108 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 120 Q
+(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard through t\
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+t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 144 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)
+5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0
+.951(Search backw)144 168 R .951(ard through the history for the string\
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+(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 180 R/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007
(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5
-(line. This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1
-(history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0
-.249(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \
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+(history\255substring\255sear)108 204 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0
+.249(Search forw)144 216 R .249(ard through the history for the string \
of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318
-(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F
+(and the point.)144 228 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F
.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental)
-5.319 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G
-<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622
+5.319 F(search.)144 240 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 252 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G
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(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25
F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144
-240 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0
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3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773
(ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773
-(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292
+(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 288 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292
(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)
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(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291
-(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 264 R .281(vious command.)
+(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 300 R .281(vious command.)
-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281
(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282
-(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q
-(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q
+(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 312 Q
+(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 324 Q
2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308
-(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307
+(Insert the last ar)144 336 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307
(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307
-(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .203(th a numeric ar).4
+(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 348 S .203(th a numeric ar).4
F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)
-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204
E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E
-(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507
+(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 360 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507
(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E
-.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)5.416 E
+.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 372 R(An)5.416 E
2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416
(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416
-(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 348 R 1.518 -.15
+(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 384 R 1.518 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217
(ument switches the direction).18 F .494
-(through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
+(through the history \(back or forw)144 396 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494
(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144
-372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)
--.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .623
-(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622
+408 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)
+-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 420 Q F0 .623
+(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 432 R .622
(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622
-(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5
+(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 444 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5
(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25
(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G
(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
-(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .938
-(Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
+(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 456 Q F0 .938
+(Perform history e)144 468 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E
(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-)
--3.439 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
-108 456 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 468 R .438
+-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 480 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
+108 492 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 504 R .438
(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3
(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
-(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)
--2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .394
-(Perform alias e)144 504 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
+(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 516 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)
+-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 .394
+(Perform alias e)144 540 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1
-(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0
-(Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
-.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
+.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 552 Q F1
+(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 564 Q F0
+(Perform history and alias e)144 576 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 588 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
+.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 600 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 576 Q F0(In)144
-588 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
+(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 612 Q F0(In)144
+624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E
-(tempts to in)144 600 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54
+(tempts to in)144 636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)
2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G
-(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E
-(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 628.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5
-E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 640.8
+(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E
+(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 664.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5
+E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 676.8
R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C
3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592
-(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 652.8 R
+(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 688.8 R
.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
-(as the end of input and returns)144 664.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1
-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 676.8 Q F0 .441
-(Delete the character at point.)144 688.8 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1
-(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 700.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
--2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)
-149.005 E(50)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+(as the end of input and returns)144 700.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(50)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 84 Q F0 .553
-(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553
-(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F
-.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F
-.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S
-(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
+SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441
+(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442
+(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1
+(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5
+E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
+108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553
+(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
+(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
+(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25
+(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
-(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 144 Q F1
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
-168 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This)
+(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
+204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This)
-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779
(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C
-(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
-108 192 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E F1
-(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 216 Q F0
-(Insert the character typed.)144 228 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))
-108 240 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321
+(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
+108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1
+(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0
+(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))
+108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321
(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321
(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322
(ard as well.)-.1 F .372
-(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 264
+(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300
R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144
-276 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
-(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
-300 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+312 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
+(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
+336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
-(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 312 Q 2.5
-(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 324 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336
+(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5
+(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q
+(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372
R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
-(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E
-(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 360 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.647
+(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E
+(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q
+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647
(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
--.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 396 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408
+-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
+-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q
+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444
R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
-(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1
-E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 432
-S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
+(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1
+E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468
+S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 456 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
+(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi)
+(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi)
4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895
-(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 480 R -.15(ove)3.969 G
+(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G
1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E
F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F
-.957(pushing the te)144 492 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
+.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0
-.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q
+.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q
(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87
-520.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0
-(Kill the te)144 544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
-144 568.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 580.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 592.8
+556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0
+(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
+144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8
Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
--2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 604.8 Q F0
+-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .728
+652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728
(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 652.8 S
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 664.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 676.8 Q(ord behind point.)
+(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q
+(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.)
-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 688.8 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 700.8
-R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 712.8 S
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
-(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)
-149.005 E(51)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 July 29)149.005 E(51)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025
-(Kill the w)144 96 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
+SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S
+(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
+(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
+108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025
+(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
-5.525 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 120 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 132 R .364
+5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364
(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
-144 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 156 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144
-168 R .166
+180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144
+204 R .166
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 180 Q
+-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q
(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 192 Q F0
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 204 Q F1(kill\255r)108 216
-Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 228 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
-(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 240 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
-144 252 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252
+Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
+(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
+144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 288
-Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 300 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
-F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324
+Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
+F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
--.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 324 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(yank \(C\255y\))108 336 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 348 S
+-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S
(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 360 Q F0
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 372 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 388.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 400.8 Q
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 412.8 R .367
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 436.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F0 .779(This is another w)144 448.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
+(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
+(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
+E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-460.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-472.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 484.8 R .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898
(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
-(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 496.8 R 1.23
+(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 508.8 R .822
+-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
-(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 520.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
+(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing)
-87 537.6 Q(complete \(T)108 549.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 561.6 R 1.137
+87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
+(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 573.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 585.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
+144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 597.6 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 609.6 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 621.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 633.6 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 645.6 R .783
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
-657.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 669.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
-681.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
+693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
+717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.193(possible completions.)144 693.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
+1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 705.6 R .828
-(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 717.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
-3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
-.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
-E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 729.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
-(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(52)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 July 29)149.005 E(52)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(through the list.)
-144 84 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1
-E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 96 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 108 R
-F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828
+(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F
+.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2
+(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73
+(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03
+-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03
+-.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q
+(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0
+2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1
+(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 120 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
+(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 132 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 144 R .234
+(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234
(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734
-E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-168 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 180 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 192 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 204 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q
+204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 228 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 Q
+(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 252 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q
+108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-276 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 Q
+312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(possible\255v)108 300 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 312 Q
+(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 324 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 336 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 348 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 360 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 372 Q F0 .581
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 384 R .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
-(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 396 R
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 420 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 444 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 468 Q F1(dab)108 480 Q(br)-.1 E
+(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E
-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 492 R .611
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 516 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
-in braces so)144 528 R(the list is a)144 540 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 556.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 568.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F0(Be)144 580.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 592.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 604.8 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 616.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
- appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
-E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
-F0(Print the last k)144 664.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1
-(Miscellaneous)87 681.6 Q -.18(re)108 693.6 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
-(Read in the contents of the)144 705.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
-1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
-(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(53)198.165 E 0 Cg
-EP
+ appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
+E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
+F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5
+E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.248
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.749
-(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E
-(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739
-(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739
+SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S<ad72>.18 E
+(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
+(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
+4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)
+-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F
+(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R
+5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
+(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E
+(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.239
+E F0 1.739
(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
-F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha)
+F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha)
-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E
-(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
-(Metafy the ne)144 168 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
+(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
-(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
+(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0
.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F
-(turn the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q
+(turn the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 264 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 312 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144
-300 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144
+348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 336 S
+144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S
.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 372 S 1.044
+144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044
(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.826
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 420 R .791
+4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791
(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
+.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n)
-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\
-y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
--.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
+-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)
+516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)
-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0
--.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .245
+-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245
(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
-(the characters at the be)144 504 R .321
+(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1
+-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1
(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468
+(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468
(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .84
+1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84
(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 564 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 612 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42
-(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 576 R .421
+(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 624 R .421
(ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1
-(wa)144 588 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell)
+(wa)144 636 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell)
4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E
-(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 600 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144
-624 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
+(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 648 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(glob\255complete\255w)108 660 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144
+672 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
-636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\
-ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q
-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 660 R .176
+684 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\
+ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 696 Q
+(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 708 R .176
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 720 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
-.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
-(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
-.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(54)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
+Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(54)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 55 55
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S
-(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(before pathname e)
+144 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))108 96 Q F0 .923(The list of e)
+144 108 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15
+(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E
+(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F .872(the line is redra)144
+120 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
+(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
+(ex)144 132 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 144 Q F0 .627
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 156 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 168 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
-2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R .762
+2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 180 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
+.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 192 R .762
(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 156 R .109
+-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 204 R .109
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 168 Q
-(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
-(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 216 Q
+(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 228 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
+(Print all of the readline k)144 240 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
-3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 204 Q
+3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 252 Q
.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q
+(\214le.)144 264 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 276 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 288 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
-268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 304.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
+316.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
+F2(compspec)108 328.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 340.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .497
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 357.6 R .497
(If the command w)5.497 F .498
(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108
-321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
+369.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-)
5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
-used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .823
-(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 381.6 R .823
+(for the w)108 393.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
-ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\
+ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 405.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\
r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
-rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
+rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 417.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0 .056
-(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
+(option to)108 429.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056
(ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F
-.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \
+.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 441.6 R .332(ord as a \
\214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1
F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108
-405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\
-d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F
-3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q
+453.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\
+d to generate the list of matching w)108 470.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F
+3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 482.4 Q
(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 499.2 R
.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .595
+.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 511.2 R .595
(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
+(shell v)108 523.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 540 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 552 S
.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555
(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555
(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q
+(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 564 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 580.8 Q
.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18
F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32
(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108
-544.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
+592.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092
-(using brace e)108 556.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(using brace e)108 604.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091
(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108
-568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+616.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-580.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21
+628.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21
(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209
(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q
+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 640.8 Q
(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233
-(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233
+(After these matches ha)108 657.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233
(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234
(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F1<ad46>2.734 E
F0(and)2.734 E F1<ad43>2.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108
-621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208
+669.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208
(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208
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+(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25
+F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 244.8 R
3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147
(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147
(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376
-(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 216 R
-1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G
+(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 256.8
+R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G
1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757
-(truncated to contain no more than)108 228 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0
-3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757
-(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 240 Q
+(truncated to contain no more than)108 268.8 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E
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+(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 280.8 Q
(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E
(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298
-(The b)108 256.8 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)
+(The b)108 297.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F4(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)
2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0
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-(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R
-(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471
+(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 309.6 R
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(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001
-(manipulate the history \214le.)108 280.8 R .001
+(manipulate the history \214le.)108 321.6 R .001
(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va)
--.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q
-(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 309.6
+-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 333.6 Q
+(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 350.4
R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486
(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt)
-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985
-E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G
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--.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3
-(cmdhist)108 333.6 Q F0 .75
+-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F4
+(cmdhist)108 374.4 Q F0 .75
(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05
-.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077
-(the same history entry)108 345.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077
+(the same history entry)108 386.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077
(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G
-1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0
-.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2
+1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F4(lithist)3.577 E F0
+.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 398.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2
H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373
(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318
-(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318
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(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F
(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319
(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108
-381.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 398.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)
+422.4 Q/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 439.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)
-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611
-(The shell supports a history e)108 410.4 R .611
+(The shell supports a history e)108 451.2 R .611
(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61
-(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F
-.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371
+(xpansion in)-.15 F F4(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F
+.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 463.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371
(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871
(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F
-.95(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949
-(option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949
+.95(can be disabled using the)108 475.2 R F4(+H)3.449 E F0 .949
+(option to the)3.449 F F4(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949
(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 446.4 Q 2.5
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 487.2 Q 2.5
(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E
-1.305(History e)108 463.2 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\
-ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\
-t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .21(guments to a pre)
--.18 F .209
-(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
-504 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \
-read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .252
-(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251
+1.305(History e)108 504 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords\
+ from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repeat)
+-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 516 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F
+.209(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)
+-.25 F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 528 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)
+108 544.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete li\
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+.252(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251
(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251
-(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 528 Q .145
+(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 568.8 Q .145
(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\
rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\
titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\
-r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .766
-(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253
-(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor)
-2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.754 E(s)
+r inclusion into the current one.)108 580.8 R .766
+(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 592.8 R F3
+-.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253
+(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor)
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-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539
-(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F .538
-(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)-.1 F
-.538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572
-(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1
-F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 588 R .355
+(able to manipulate the selected w)108 604.8 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F
+.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f)
+-.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 616.8
+R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0
+.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)
+-.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 628.8 R .355
(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!)
-3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 600
-R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79
+(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F4(!)
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(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79
(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F
(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\
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-(string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
+tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 652.8 R
+(string.)108 664.8 Q(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T
+F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 693.6 T
3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)
--.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3
-(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.162 E
-F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.609
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+(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F4(\()3.162 E
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+(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F4(shopt)2.609
E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11
-(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .232(If the)108 693.6 R F3
-(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231
-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F3(shopt)
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--.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used, hist\
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-(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re)
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-(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re)
-3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
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(2022 July 29)149.005 E(57)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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--.25(ff).2 G .304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E/F1 10
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+(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)
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(iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52
-(pansion will do before using it.)108
96 R(The)5.52 E F1<ad73>3.02 E F0
+(pansion will do before using it.)108
144 R(The)5.52 E F1<ad73>3.02 E F0
.52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52
(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
-(end of the history list without actually e)108 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(end of the history list without actually e)108 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 124.8 R
+(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 172.8 R
1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108
(arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108
-(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 136.8 R
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F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
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(shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F
-(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1(Ev)
-87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 196.8 Q F1(Ev)
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-.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 Q
-F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.607
+237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot)
+.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 254.4 Q
+F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 254.4 R 1.607
(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107
(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F
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-(Refer to command line)144 230.4 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108
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+(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 278.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0
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+2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 302.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 302.4 Q
(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)
-108 266.4 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\
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+F2(string)144.34 326.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 338.4 Q F2(string)A F1
([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \
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-(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 338.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108
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-(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753
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+(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 386.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108
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+(Quick substitution.)144 410.4 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753
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1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314
(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0
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-.15 F .53(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55
+.15 F .53(from the w)108 475.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55
G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1
($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515
-(are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R .516
+(are numbered from the be)108 487.2 R .516
(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516
(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-)
-.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2
-Q F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q
+.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 499.2
+Q F1 2.5(0\()108 516 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 528 Q
2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
-F2(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)144 492 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)
-108 504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 504 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5
-E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 516 R 2.564
+F2(n)108.36 540 Q F0(The)144 540 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)
+108 552 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 552 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5
+E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 564 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 564 R 2.564
(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18
F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063
-(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 528 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)
-108 540 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 540 R 1.419
+(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 576 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)
+108 588 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 588 R 1.419
(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42
(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F
-(character that is part of a w)144 552 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 564 Q F1
-<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 564 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2
+(character that is part of a w)144 600 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 612 Q F1
+<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 612 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2
(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)
-108 576 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 576 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316
+108 624 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 624 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316
(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F
F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)
-2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 588 Q(ord in the e)
+2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 636 Q(ord in the e)
-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15
-E F1(x*)108 600 Q F0(Abbre)144 600 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)
-A F1<78ad>108 612 Q F0(Abbre)144 612 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0
+E F1(x*)108 648 Q F0(Abbre)144 648 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)
+A F1<78ad>108 660 Q F0(Abbre)144 660 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0
(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E
2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1
-E(If a w)108 628.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15
+E(If a w)108 676.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E
(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1
-(Modi\214ers)87 645.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 657.6 R .183
+(Modi\214ers)87 693.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 705.6 R .183
(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184
(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184
-(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 669.6 Q
+(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 717.6 Q
(These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E
(ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
-(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
-108 698.4 Q F0(Remo)144 698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
-(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
-108 710.4 Q F0(Remo)144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
-(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E
-(58)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+(nt.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(58)198.165 E 0
+Cg EP
%%Page: 59 59
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(e)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E
-(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 96 Q F0(Print the ne)
-144 96 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 108 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 108 Q
-(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 .386
-(Quote the substituted w)144 120 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 E
+SF(h)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
+(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
+108 96 Q F0(Remo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
+(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
+108 108 Q F0(Remo)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
+(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C
+(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 120 Q F0(Remo)144 120 Q .3
+-.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1
+(p)108 132 Q F0(Print the ne)144 132 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E
+(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 144 Q F0
+(Quote the substituted w)144 144 Q
+(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 156 Q F0 .386
+(Quote the substituted w)144 156 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 E
F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1
(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q)
2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
-132 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
-(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 144 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)
-144 156 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)
-3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469
-(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969(yc)-.15 G .469
-(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954(delimiter in place of /.)144
-168 R .953
+168 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
+(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 180 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2
+(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 192 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0
+.469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469
+(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969
+(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954
+(delimiter in place of /.)144 204 R .953
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131
-(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 180 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E
+(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 216 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E
F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131
(If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631
-(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 192 R F2
+(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 228 R F2
(old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.)
-2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last)
-3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 204 R 2.986
+3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 240 R 2.986
(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486
(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326
E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987
-(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 216 Q(w)-.15 E F0
+(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 252 Q(w)-.15 E F0
(is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&)
-108 228 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 228 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)
-108 240 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
+108 264 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 264 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)
+108 276 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 276 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.)
.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897
-('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 252 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
+('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 288 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35(used with `)
2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351
(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F
-(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 264 Q -.15
+(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 300 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon)
-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 276 Q F0(Apply the follo)
-144 276 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0
+2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 312 Q F0(Apply the follo)
+144 312 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0
2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 292.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 304.8
+G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 328.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
+(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 340.8
R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
-receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 3
16.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0
+receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 3
52.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0
.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E
F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577
-(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 328.8 R F1
+(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 364.8 R F1
<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit)
2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n)
-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A
F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 340.8 R .26
+2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 376.8 R .26
(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261
(without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261
(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)
-108 3
52.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
+108 3
88.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154
(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108
-364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 382.8 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 394.8 R .451
+400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 418.8 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 430.8 R .451
(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)
-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F
-2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 406.8 R
-(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 423.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E
-F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 435.6 Q(ce)-.18 E
+2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 442.8 R
+(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 459.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E
+F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 471.6 Q(ce)-.18 E
F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02
-(Read and e)144 447.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2
+(Read and e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2
(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02
(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33
-(status of the last command e)144 459.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331
+(status of the last command e)144 495.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331
(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2
(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F
-.023(names in)144 471.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189
+.023(names in)144 507.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189
E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2
(\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E
-F0 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 483.6 S 3.86
+F0 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 519.6 S 3.86
(cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86
G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861
(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2
-(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 495.6 Q F0 2.649(,t)C .148
+(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 531.6 Q F0 2.649(,t)C .148
(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.649 F F4
-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .148(If the)
4.648 F F1(sour)2.648 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .148(option to the)2.648 F F1
-(shopt)144 507.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2
+(shopt)144 543.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2
F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159
(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 519.6 Q 3.692(yb)
+(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 555.6 Q 3.692(yb)
-.15 G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2
(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691
(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82
-(rameters are unchanged.)144 5
31.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0
+(rameters are unchanged.)144 5
67.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0
.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32
(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32
-(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 543.6 Q
+(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 579.6 Q
(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1
(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the)
3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144
-5
55.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227
+5
91.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227
(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E
(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is)
--2.977 F .891(retained when)144 567.6 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391
+-2.977 F .891(retained when)144 603.6 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391
(completes. The)3.391 F .891
(return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89
-(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 579.6 Q
+(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 615.6 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E
-F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 596.4 Q F0([)2.5
+F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 632.4 Q F0([)2.5
E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 608.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724
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-F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E
-F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)
-144 120 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
+(those completions matching)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E
+(d)-.37 E F0(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 108 Q
+(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
+(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A
+F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)
+-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad41>-2.5 E F1(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad47>
+-2.5 E F1(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad57>-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(dlist)
+-.37 E F0(])A([)144 136.8 Q F2<ad46>A F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad58>-2.5 E F1(\214lterpat)
+2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E
+F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
+(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144
+160.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1
(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F
-F
1<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14
-(options are supplied, e)144 132 R .139
+F
2<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14
+(options are supplied, e)144 172.8 R .139
(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139
(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144
-144 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)
-2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2
+184.8 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)
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(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208
-(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.208 E F1
-<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options)
-3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E
+(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 196.8 R(The)6.208 E
+
F2<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options)
+3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 208.8 R(`def)-.74 E
(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
-180 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F
1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
+220.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F
2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
(option indicates that)3.455 F .876
-(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 192 R(`empty')
--.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)-3.376 F
-.448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1<ad49>
-2.947 E F0 .447
+(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 232.8 R
+(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)
+-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 244.8 R(The)5.447 E
+F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .447
(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123
-(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 216 R
+(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 256.8 R
.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021
-(limiter such as)144 228 R F1(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F1(|)3.521 E F0
+(limiter such as)144 268.8 R F2(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F2(|)3.521 E F0
3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02
-(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 240 R F1<ad44>
-3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F
-3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad49>
-3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H(f).15 E
-F1<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>144 252 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)-2.604 E F1
-<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)
--2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
+(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 280.8 R F2
+<ad44>3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15
+(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208
+F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2
+<ad49>3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H
+(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 292.8 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)
+-2.604 E F2<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15
+G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F
-(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .152
+(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 304.8 Q .152
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-288 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300
-Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18
-E F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .856 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)
-5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055
-E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722
-(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1
-<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
+328.8 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144
+340.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 364.8 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
+(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
+(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
+144 376.8 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
+F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
-(sion before the)144 348 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 360 Q F2
-(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291
+(sion before the)144 388.8 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 400.8 Q
+F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 412.8 Q F1(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291
(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 384 Q F2
-(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 396 Q F0
-.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 408 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0
-.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 420 Q
-F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 432 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G
-(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
+(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 424.8 Q F1
+(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 436.8 Q F0
+.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 448.8 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E
+F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224
+460.8 Q F2(default)184 472.8 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 472.8 R 5.376
+(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
-224 444 Q F1(dir)184 456 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
-etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 468 Q F1(\214lenames)184
-480 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
-\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E
-.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 504 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
-(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45
-(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 516 R .45
-(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 528 Q F1(noquote)
-184 540 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 540 S .814
+224 484.8 Q F2(dir)184 496.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\
+ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 508.8 Q F2
+(\214lenames)184 520.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 532.8 S .137(ll readline that th\
+e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>
+-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 544.8 R
+2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)
+-2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224
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+F2(noquote)184 580.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .814
(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
-(\214lenames is the def)224 552 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 564 Q F0
--.7(Te)224 564 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
-ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S
-.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1
-F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 588 Q F1
-(plusdirs)184 600 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 600 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
+(\214lenames is the def)224 592.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 604.8 Q
+F0 -.7(Te)224 604.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\
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(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
-.583(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 624
-Q F1<ad41>144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
-(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
-(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
-660 Q F0(Alias names.)224 660 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 672 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 684 Q
-(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 696 Q(Readline)224 696 Q F0 -.1
-(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 708 S(iltin)
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-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768
-Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(62)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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+(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
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+(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
+(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F2(alias)184
+700.8 Q F0(Alias names.)224 700.8 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2
+<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(62)
+198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(command)184 84 Q F0(Command names.)224 96 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 108 Q
-(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)
-5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 132 Q F0
-(Names of disabled shell b)224 144 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 156 Q
-F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 156 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 168 Q
-F0(Names of e)224 168 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 180 Q
-F0(File names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(function)184 192 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 204 Q F1(gr)
-184 216 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 216 Q
+SF(arrayv)184 84 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 96 Q(ariable names.)-.25 E F1
+(binding)184 108 Q(Readline)224 108 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G
+(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 120 S(iltin).2 E F0
+(Names of shell b)224 120 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 132
+Q F0(Command names.)224 144 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 156 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 168 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 180
+Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 192 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
+204 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 204 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
+216 Q F0(Names of e)224 216 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
+-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
+228 Q F0(File names.)224 228 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 240 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 252
+Q F1(gr)184 264 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 264 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
-228 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 252 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 264
+276 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 288 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 300 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 312
Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 276 Q F0
-(Job names, if job control is acti)224 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
-(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S
-(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 300 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 324 Q F0
+(Job names, if job control is acti)224 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
+(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S
+(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 348 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
-312 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 312 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 324 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 324
-Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 336
-Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 3
36 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
+360 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 372 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 372
+Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 384
+Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 3
84 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
-(shopt)184 348 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 348 Q F1
-(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 360 Q F0
-(Signal names.)224 360 Q F1(stopped)184 372 Q F0
-(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(.).15 E F1(user)184 384 Q F0(User names.)224 384 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 396 S
-(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 408 Q/F3
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
+(shopt)184 396 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 396 Q F1
+(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 408 Q F0
+(Signal names.)224 408 Q F1(stopped)184 420 Q F0
+(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(.).15 E F1(user)184 432 Q F0(User names.)224 432 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 444 S
+(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 444 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 456 Q/F3
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 468 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5
-(completions. Ar)184 432 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1
-<ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
-(The shell function)184 456 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
+(completions. Ar)184 480 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1
+<ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 492 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
+(The shell function)184 504 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 468 R
+(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 516 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
-(are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
+(are being completed, the second ar)184 528 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 492 R .104
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 540 R .104
(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 504 R
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 552 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1<ad47>144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 540 R
+-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 564 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1<ad47>144 576 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 588 R
1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q
-F1<ad50>144 564 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
+1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 600 Q
+F1<ad50>144 612 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 624 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F1<ad53>144 600 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 636 Q F1<ad53>144 648 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 648 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 612 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 660 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 672 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
-(each resultant w)184 636 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
+(each resultant w)184 684 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
-3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 648 Q .766
+3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 696 Q .766
(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 660 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(va)184 708 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 684
-Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .456
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F3(\214lterpat)
-3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(63)
-198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+6.464 F(match the w)184 720 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
+768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(63)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 64 64
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in this case, an)
-184 84 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.)
-.15 E .466(The return v)144 100.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25
-F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F
-/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.967 E F0(or)2.967 E F2<ad72>2.967 E F0
-.467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.862 E
-F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15
-(ve a c)-.15 H 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144
-124.8 Q F0(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF<ad58>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)
+184 96 Q F0 .456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956
+(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F
+1.596(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 108 R
+1.596(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 120 Q F2
+(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15
+G .704(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)
+3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15
+G .704(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 132 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 148.8 R .466
+(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
+(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
+(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
+(plied without a)144 160.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
+(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 172.8 Q F0
+(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F2(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6
-R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0
+F1(compopt)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 201.6
+R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
-(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+(completion if no)144 213.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F1(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 225.6 Q F2(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 237.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
--5.178 E F
2<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
+-5.178 E F
1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
-1.227(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+1.227(the `)144 249.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.039
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F
2<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
+no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 261.6 R 2.039
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F
1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538
-(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
+(should apply to `)144 273.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
--4.038 F(The)144 2
37.6 Q F2<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
+-4.038 F(The)144 2
85.6 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02
-F .867(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868
-(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368
-E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-)
--3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .432(The return v)144 285.6 R
+F .867(assignment w)144 297.6 R .868
+(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368
+E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-)
+-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 309.6 Q .432(The return v)144 333.6 R
.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
-(tions for a)144 297.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0
+(tions for a)144 345.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 314.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .85
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
-F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2
-(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.704 E
-F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 362.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 374.4 R .85
+(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
+F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1
+(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851
+(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 386.4 R F2(n)2.704 E
+F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10
+/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203
(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183
-(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 350.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
+(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 398.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184
-(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
-1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar)
-108 379.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
-2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0
-2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.265
+(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 410.4 Q F1(declar)
+108 427.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
+2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0
+2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 451.2 R 1.265
(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F
-3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
+3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)
--3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
-F F
2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
-(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
-G(hen)-5.96 E F2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 427.2 Q F1
+-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
+F F
1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
+(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
+G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 475.2 Q F2
(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275
-(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F
2<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)
-2.775 E F
2<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
-5.274 E F2<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 439.2 Q
-F1(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib)
+(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F
1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)
+2.775 E F
1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
+5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 487.2 Q
+F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib)
-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29
-(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 451.2 Q .38
+(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 499.2 Q .38
(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38
-(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F2<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F2
+(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1
(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144
-463.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
-(ariables. The)-.25 F F
2<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107
+511.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
+(ariables. The)-.25 F F
1<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107
(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144
-
475.2 R(The)5.3 E F2<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \
+
523.2 R(The)5.3 E F1<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \
function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144
-487.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F2(extdeb)4.04 E
-(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F2(shopt)4.04 E
+535.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F1(extdeb)4.04 E
+(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F1(shopt)4.04 E
F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648
-(name and line number where each)144 499.2 R F1(name)3.148 E F0 .648
-(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F
2<ad46>3.148 E
-F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F2<ad66>144 511.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he)
--5.836 E F
2<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837
+(name and line number where each)144 547.2 R F2(name)3.148 E F0 .648
+(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F
1<ad46>3.148 E
+F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F1<ad66>144 559.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he)
+-5.836 E F
1<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F2(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 523.2 Q
+(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F1(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 571.2 Q
(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819
(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818
-(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F
2<ad49>3.318 E
-F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 535.2 S .693
+(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.818 E F
1<ad49>3.318 E
+F0 .818(option causes local)3.318 F -.25(va)144 583.2 S .693
(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .693(utes \(e)-.2 F .693(xcept the)
--.15 F F1(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2
+-.15 F F2(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .694(ute\) and v)-.2
F .694(alue of an)-.25 F 3.194(ye)-.15 G .694(xisting v)-3.344 F
-(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 547.2 R F1(name)3.32 E F0 .82
+(ariable)-.25 E .82(with the same)144 595.2 R F2(name)3.32 E F0 .82
(at a surrounding scope.)3.32 F .82(If there is no e)5.82 F .82
(xisting v)-.15 F .82(ariable, the local v)-.25 F .82(ariable is)-.25 F
-.379(initially unset.)144 559.2 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379
+.379(initially unset.)144 607.2 R .379(The follo)5.379 F .379
(wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .38
-(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 571.2 Q(ute or to gi)
--.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F
2<ad61>144
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1<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15
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2<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144
-660 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
-5.198 E F
1<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067
-(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+696 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
+5.198 E F
2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067
+(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567
-(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F1
-(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 .601
+(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F2
+(xpg_echo)144 720 Q F0 .601
(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101
-F F1(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F .659
-(escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659
-(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
-(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-)
--.2 E(prets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E
+F F2(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F
(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(65)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace)
-180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e)
-144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144
-Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G
-(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180
-Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S
-(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144
-216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)
-180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .659
+(escape characters by def)144 84 R(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(echo)5.659 E F0 .659(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
+(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-)
+-.2 E(prets the follo)144 96 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
+108 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 108 Q F1(\\b)144 120 Q F0(backspace)180 120
+Q F1(\\c)144 132 Q F0(suppress further output)180 132 Q F1(\\e)144 144 Q
+(\\E)144 156 Q F0(an escape character)180 156 Q F1(\\f)144 168 Q F0
+(form feed)180 168 Q F1(\\n)144 180 Q F0(ne)180 180 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)
+-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 192 Q F0(carriage return)180 192 Q F1(\\t)144 204 Q F0
+(horizontal tab)180 204 Q F1(\\v)144 216 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 216 S
+(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 228 Q F0(backslash)180 228 Q F1(\\0)144
+240 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)
+180 240 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
+(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 252 Q F2(HH)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)180 252 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
-1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507
+-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 264 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
+1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 276 R 1.507
(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
-4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
-(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547
+4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 288 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
+(\\U)144 300 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 312 R .547
(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
-3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F1(enable)108 3
16.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+3.047 E(HHH)180 324 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
+-2.5 E F1(enable)108 3
40.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 352.8 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834
-(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
+(the same name as a shell b)144 364.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989
-(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989
+(the shell normally searches for b)144 376.8 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99
(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649
-(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
+(abled; otherwise,)144 388.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F
F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b)
-144 376.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
+144 400.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E
-F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S
+F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 412.8 S
1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)
4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365
(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v)
-144 400.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
+144 424.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606
(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549
-(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0
+(directories in which to search for)144 436.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0
5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F
(The)5.548 E F1<ad64>3.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546
-(delete a b)144 424.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with)
+(delete a b)144 448.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with)
-.25 F F1<ad66>3.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2
(name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.547(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546
-(supplied, a list of shell b)144 436.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
+(supplied, a list of shell b)144 460.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545
-(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 448.8
+(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 472.8
R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695
(is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262
-(list printed includes all b)144 460.8 R .261
+(list printed includes all b)144 484.8 R .261
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268
-(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 472.8 R F2(special)
+(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 496.8 R F2(special)
2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269
(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285
-(is not a shell b)144 484.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
+(is not a shell b)144 508.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284
(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784
-(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R
+(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 520.8 R
F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G
1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E
-F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 508.8 S
+F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 532.8 S
(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G
-(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 525.6 T(l).15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.171
+(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 549.6 T(l).15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 561.6 Q F2(ar)3.171
E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671
(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67
-(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no)
--2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q
+-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 585.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
-(exec)108
578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
+(exec)108
602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
+-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 614.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 602.4 R .176
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 626.4 R .176
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
-(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 614.4 R .48(gument passed to)
+(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 638.4 R .48(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)
3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .638
+.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 650.4 Q F0 .638
(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the)
-3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
+3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 662.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 674.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F
.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577
(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
-F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 662.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
+F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 686.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0
+(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 698.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0
-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287
(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak)
-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 686.4 Q
+.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 710.4 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .096(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
-(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
-E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(66)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)
+149.005 E(66)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1
-(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E
-F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257
-(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>
-2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2
-(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2
-(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the)
-.15 F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .048
-(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)
--.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0
-.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.447
-(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
+SF(exit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .096
+(Cause the shell to e)144 84 R .096(xit with a status of)-.15 F F2(n)
+2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095(is omitted, the e)
+2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144
+96 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0
+(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1
+(export)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
+E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 124.8 Q F0
+.256(The supplied)144 136.8 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F
+.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257
+(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627
+(commands. If)144 148.8 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127
+(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E
+F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E
+F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
+144 160.8 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F
+.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1
+<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 172.8 S
+1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 156 S .741(lue of the v).25
-F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
+-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 184.8 S .741(lue of the v)
+.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742
(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
-.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
+.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 196.8 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0
-(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E
-F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 208.8 Q F1(fc)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5
+
E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
-208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431
-(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 220.8 R F2<8c72>
+(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 249.6 R F2<8c72>
4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432
(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144
-232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
+261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
-144 244.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
+144 273.6 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071
-(is used as an of)144 256.8 R .071
+(is used as an of)144 285.6 R .071
(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a)
5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071
(of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653
-(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 268.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653
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(lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653
-(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242
+(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 309.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242
(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F
F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242
(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F
-.092(ing \(so that)144 292.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510)
+.092(ing \(so that)144 321.6 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510)
2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72>
4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E
-F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 304.8 Q
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 328.8
+F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 333.6 Q
+(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 357.6
Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 340.8 R .438(If the)
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5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.335(the editor gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E
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F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835
(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 364.8 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F
-.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)
-3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144
-376.8 R .006(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171
-F .005(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)
-5.005 F(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 388.8 Q .788(In the second form,)144 412.8
-R F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
+(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 393.6 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E
+F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25
+F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631
+(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 405.6 R .006
+(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005
+(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F
+(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 417.6 Q .788(In the second form,)144 441.6 R F2
+(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789
-E(mand)144 424.8 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72>
+E(mand)144 453.6 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72>
2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171
-(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0
-2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 436.8 Q F3 7.165
+(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0
+2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 465.6 Q F4 7.165
(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166
-(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)
+(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)
3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F
-(mand.)144 448.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
-472.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
+(mand.)144 477.6 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
+501.6 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 484.8
+E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 513.6
R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
-(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
+(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted or f).15 F .787
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
-(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 520.8 Q
+537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
+(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 549.6 Q
(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
-(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
-144 549.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413
+(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
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(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
-1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 561.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G
+1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 590.4 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G
.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617
-(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 573.6 Q
+(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 602.4 Q
.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 585.6 Q
+(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 614.4 Q
F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E
-F1(getopts)108 602.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 614.4 Q F0 .793
+F1(getopts)108 631.2 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
+(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 643.2 Q F0 .793
(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2
(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
-(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 626.4 R .149
+(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 655.2 R .149
(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449
--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .578
+-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 667.2 Q .578
(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
-(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 650.4 R .636
+(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 679.2 R .636
(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029
-(tion in the shell v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529
+(tion in the shell v)144 691.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529
(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e)
2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03
(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066
-(ment to be processed into the v)144 674.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)
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+(ment to be processed into the v)144 703.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)
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(is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885
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.1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)
3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567
-(the v)144 698.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0
-.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566
-(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .389
-(between multiple calls to)144 710.4 R F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 .389
-(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39(cation if a ne).2 F
-2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F(be used.)144 722.4 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(67)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
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+.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566
+(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2022 July 29)149.005 E(67)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 68 68
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.044
-(When the end of options is encountered,)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F
-2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 96
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .389
+(between multiple calls to)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.889
+E F0 .389(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39
+(cation if a ne).2 F 2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F
+(be used.)144 96 Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 120
+R F1(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F
+2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 132
Q F0(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .485
+SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .485
(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F3(ar)3.315 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 132 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0
-(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .345
+(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 168 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0
+(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 192 Q F0 .345
(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F
.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F3(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345
(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668
-(porting is used.)144 168 R 1.668
+(porting is used.)144 204 R 1.668
(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 180
+-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 216
R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)
-.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F
-(will be displayed, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5
+(will be displayed, e)144 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5
G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F3(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)
-2.72 E .666(If an in)144 216 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,)
+2.72 E .666(If an in)144 252 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,)
.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F3(name)3.527 E
F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4
-(and unsets)144 228 R F2(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+(and unsets)144 264 R F2(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399
(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F2(OPT)2.899
E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144
-240 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 264 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)
+276 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 300 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)
-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()
3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242
-(laced in)-3.742 F F3(name)144.36 276 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)
+(laced in)-3.742 F F3(name)144.36 312 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.714 E(ARG)
-.81 E F0 .213(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F
(If)5.213 E F1(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713
-F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 288 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and)
+F F1(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 324 Q F3(name)2.86 E F0(and)
2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)
-2.25 E F1(getopts)144 312 Q F0 .902
+2.25 E F1(getopts)144 348 Q F0 .902
(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F
-(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 324 Q F1(hash)108 340.8
+(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 360 Q F1(hash)108 376.8
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858
-(Each time)144 352.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
+(Each time)144 388.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F3(name)
3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
-(the directories in)144 364.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
+(the directories in)144 400.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956
-(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 376.8
+(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 412.8
R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243
(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F3
(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615
-(of the command.)144
388.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
+(of the command.)144
424.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
(option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615
(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0
-(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 400.8 R .294
+(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 436.8 R .294
(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I)
C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F1<ad74>2.793 E F0 .293
(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144
-412.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
+448.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
(If multiple)5.028 F F3(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028
-(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 4
24.8 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0
+(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 4
60.8 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0
2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F3(name)2.676 E F0 .175
(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1
<ad6c>2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783
-(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 436.8 R .783
+(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 472.8 R .783
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40 Q F1<ad77>
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-(Display only running jobs.)180 501.6 Q F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0
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513.6 Q F3<ad70>
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--3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 573.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E
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-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 597.6 Q F1(+)144 609.6 Q F2(n)A
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(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F
-(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(printf)108 112.8 Q F0([)
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(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858
E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714
-(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 136.8 R(ariable)-.25
+(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 165.6 R(ariable)-.25
E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214
-F(output.)144 148.8 Q(The)144 172.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\
+F(output.)144 177.6 Q(The)144 201.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\
aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\
which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\
-ape sequences, which are con)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
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(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
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-(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 208.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
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+E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 249.6 Q
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2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096
(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
-2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 244.8 Q(ay as)
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F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E
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-4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 316.8 R F2
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(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180
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.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694
-(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 340.8 R
+(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 369.6 R
.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar)
-3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 352.8 R -.15
+3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 381.6 R -.15
(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71
G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25
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-F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 364.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .902
-(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G
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.901(ll use the \214eld width and precision ar)-3.401 F .901
(guments from the format)-.18 F .357(speci\214cation and write that man)
-144 393.6 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358
+144 422.4 R 2.857(yb)-.15 G .358
(ytes from \(or use that wide a \214eld for\) the e)-2.857 F .358
(xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E
-(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 405.6 Q
-(Ar)144 422.4 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\
+(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 434.4 Q
+(Ar)144 451.2 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\
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-1.258(minus sign is allo)144 434.4 R 1.259
+1.258(minus sign is allo)144 463.2 R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)2.515 E
-F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515
-E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format)
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+.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E
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2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144
-475.2 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566
+504 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si)
.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 487.2 Q(The return v)5 E
+-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 516 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
-108 5
04 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
-<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\
-tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 528 R 3.139(wt)-.25
-G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 540 R .088
+108 5
32.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
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+-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 568.8 R .088
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F
(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089
(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F
-(the directory stack.)144 552 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E
-.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 564
-Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or a\
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-(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F1(+)144 588 Q
-F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.767 E F0
-1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268
-(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 612 Q F2(n)A F0 .92
-(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
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(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
-E F2(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)180 636 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
+F F1(dirs)180 652.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
+-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 664.8 Q F0(Adds)180 664.8 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
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-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 6
52.8 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E
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81.6 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E
F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.935 E F0
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F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0
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--.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 705.6 Q 1.278
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%%Page: 72 72
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-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R .845
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+(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 112.8 Q F1
+(pwd)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 141.6 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
-1
24.8 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
+1
53.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263
-(enabled. If)144 1
36.8 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
+(enabled. If)144 1
65.6 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 148.8 R -.25(va)
--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 160.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108
-
177.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816
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+-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 189.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108
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206.4 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816
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(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1
<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E
F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A
-([)108 189.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
-tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 201.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E
-F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q
+([)108 218.4 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
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F1<ad75>2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435
(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75
(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w)
--2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 225.6 R F2
+-2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 254.4 R F2
(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376
(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376
(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236
-(than names, the remaining w)144 237.6 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1
+(than names, the remaining w)144 266.4 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1
F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E
-F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 249.6 R .875(wer w)
+F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 278.4 R .875(wer w)
-.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\
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.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518
(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518
-(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 273.6 R
+(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 302.4 R
.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026
(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488
-(be used to remo)144 285.6 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
+(be used to remo)144 314.4 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E
-(tions, if supplied, ha)144 297.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 309.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026
-(The w)180 321.6 R 1.026
+(tions, if supplied, ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 338.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026
+(The w)180 350.4 R 1.026
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F
-F2(aname)180.33 333.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+F2(aname)180.33 362.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
-F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 357.6 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 374.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 386.4 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781
-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 369.6 Q F0
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 398.4 Q F0
(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad65>144 381.6 Q F0 .373
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 381.6 R F1 -.18
+<ad65>144 410.4 Q F0 .373
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 410.4 R F1 -.18
(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)
2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E
-.218(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218
+.218(to obtain the line.)180 422.4 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
+(acti)180 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
--.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 446.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
+-.2 E F0(If)180 446.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .322
+-.25 F(ing be)180 458.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 470.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
+(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 482.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .322
(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 465.6 Q
+(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 494.4 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S
+<ad4e>144 506.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 518.4 S
(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re)
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 530.4 R F1 -.18(re)
2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 542.4
R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
-3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608
+3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 554.4 R .608
(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .67
+3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 566.4 S .67
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 549.6 Q F0
-(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 561.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
-E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 578.4 Q F0
+(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 590.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
+E F0(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 585.6 Q
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 614.4 Q
2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 597.6 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543
+<ad72>144 626.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 626.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543
(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180
-609.6 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E
+638.4 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E
.493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)
-180 621.6 Q F1<ad73>144 633.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 633.6 Q
+180 650.4 Q F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 662.4 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 645.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 657.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929
+<ad74>144 674.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 686.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929
G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 669.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 698.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 681.6 Q
+3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 710.4 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-693.6 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 705.6 R .59
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 717.6 S
-(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0
-.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)
-2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15
-G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.042(The e)180 729.6 R 1.041
-(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.041
-(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.541(,o)-.4 G 3.541
-(rt)-3.541 G 1.041(he read will)-3.541 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+722.4 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
(2022 July 29)149.005 E(72)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 73 73
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .706(return EOF)
-180 84 R 3.206(,n)-.8 G .706(on-zero otherwise.)-3.206 F .706(The e)
-5.706 F .707(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F
-(x-)-.15 E(ceeded.)180 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>144 108 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 108
-Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522(If no)144 124.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .59(from re)180 84
+R .59(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.09
+G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)
+3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 96 S(riable)
+.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2
+(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27
+(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)
+-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 108 R .228
+(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228
+(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727
+(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F 1.224(turn EOF)180 120 R
+3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724 F 1.224(The e)6.224 F
+1.225(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15
+E(ceeded.)180 132 Q F1<ad75>144 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
+(If no)144 160.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
-136.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
+172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18
(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-148.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
-(signing to a readonly v)144 160.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+184.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
+(signing to a readonly v)144 196.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 172.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
-
189.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
+.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 208.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
+
225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096
-(quent assignment.)144 2
13.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
+(quent assignment.)144 2
49.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 225.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 237.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
+-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)
+3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 273.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-285.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+321.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 297.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 309.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 326.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 338.4 R
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 362.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 398.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 374.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+144 410.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
+.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 434.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 434.4 R .444
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 470.4 R .444
(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 446.4 R -.15
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 482.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 458.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+.749(mand associated with the)144 494.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 470.4 Q F1
-(set)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 506.4 Q F1
+(set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1
-(set)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
+(set)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
-511.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574
+547.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574
(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573
(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 523.2 R 2.613
+(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 559.2 R 2.613
(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 535.2
+(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 571.2
R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)
-.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032
-F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 547.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
+F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 583.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G
-.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161
-(tion processing are treated as v)144 559.2 R .161
+(tion processing are treated as v)144 595.2 R .161
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
-2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 571.2 Q F0(,)A F1
+2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 607.2 Q F0(,)A F1
2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 583.2 Q F0
-1.377(Each v)184 583.2 R 1.377
+(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 619.2 Q F0
+1.377(Each v)184 619.2 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
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210 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
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270 Q F1<ad70>
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306 Q F1<ad70>
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.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 318 R .38
+(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 354 R .38
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184 3
30 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184 3
66 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 342 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 354 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 390 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 366 Q F1<ad72>144 378 Q F0
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 378 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 390 Q
-F0(Exit after reading and e)184 390 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 402 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 402 S .774
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 402 Q F1<ad72>144 414 Q F0
+(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 414 Q
+(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 426 Q
+F0(Exit after reading and e)184 426 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 438 S .774
(eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \
-parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 414 R .459(ariables \
+parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 450 R .459(ariables \
subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)
--.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 426 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391
+-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 462 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25
F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F
-(error message, and, if not interacti)184 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
-.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 450 Q F0
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 450 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad78>144 462 Q F0 .315(After e)184 462 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
+(error message, and, if not interacti)184 474 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
+.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0
+(Print shell input lines as the)184 486 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
+F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)184 498 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2
.315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0
(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E
-F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 474 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
+F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
.25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F
1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236
-(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 486 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
-(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 498 Q F0
-1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 498 R 1.205(xpansion \(see)-.15 F
+(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
+(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 534 Q F0
+1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 534 R 1.205(xpansion \(see)-.15 F
F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706
-(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa)184 510 S(ult.).1 E F1
-<ad43>144 522 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 522 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214
+(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa)184 546 S(ult.).1 E F1
+<ad43>144 558 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 558 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214
(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
-3.053(tors. This)184 534 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+3.053(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 546 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 558 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 558 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
+.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 594 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .838(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 582 Q F1
-<ad48>144 594 Q F0(Enable)184 594 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1
+<ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)184 630 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 618 Q F0 .959
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 618 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 .959
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 654 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453
-(that change the current w)184 630 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
+(that change the current w)184 666 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 642 R(def)
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 678 R(def)
3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 6
54 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-666 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 666 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184 6
90 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 702 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 690 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 702 Q
-F0 .401(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
-.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q F2
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
-(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A
-(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(75)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
+768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(75)198.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 76 76
%%BeginPageSetup
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%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad>144 84 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)
-184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297
-(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297
-F 3.022(rameters. The)184 96 R F1<ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>
-3.022 E F0 .522(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522
-(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521
-(s, the positional pa-)B(rameters remain unchanged.)184 108 Q .425
-(The options are of)144 124.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)
--2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
+SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .401(If no ar)184 84 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F
+2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
+.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 .796
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 108 R F2(ar)3.297 E
+(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797
+(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 120 R F1
+<ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
+(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
+3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B
+(rameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 148.8
+R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.582
E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
+(listed belo)144 302.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 290.4 R .066
+(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 314.4 R .066
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 302.4 R F2
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 326.4 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144 3
14.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
+(tions. The)144 3
38.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605
-E(options ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 350.4 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180 3
50.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
-.256(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
+E(options ha)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 362.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+362.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 374.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180 3
74.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+386.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 386.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
+.256(set or unset.)180 398.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 398.4 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 398.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 410.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 422.4 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)180 422.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 415.2 R F1
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 439.2 R F1
<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984
-(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
+(set or unset, respecti)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 456
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 463.2 S(ult.)
+.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 480
R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F
.696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.944
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 526.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+144 492 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 504 Q(The list of)144 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 538.8 Q F0 1.944
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 550.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
-(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 538.8 R .885
+(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 562.8 R .885
(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885
-(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 550.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 574.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1
-(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .199
-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 562.8 R
+(autocd)144 586.8 Q F0 .199
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 586.8 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 574.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 598.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 610.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 622.8 R .156
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 610.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 622.8 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 634.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 646.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+646.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
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-(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1
-(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 458.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2
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511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .909
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23.2 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
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59.2 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
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-F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38
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(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180
-168 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
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(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F
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+.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 250.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
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--.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A
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3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
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-E F1(times)108 442.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\
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-(The return status is 0.)144 454.8 Q F1(trap)108 471.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
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543.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
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614.4 R F2<ad70>3.36
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626.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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31.6 Q F1<ad66>144
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97.6 Q F4<ad66>144
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-<ad6c>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 579.6 Q
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-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 591.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 603.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
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+621.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 633.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 633.6 Q F4
+<ad6c>144 645.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 645.6 Q
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e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
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-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 639.6 Q F1
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-<ad75>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 687.6 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 699.6 Q F0 .47
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+<ad72>144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 717.6
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%%Page: 83 83
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad78>144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 84 Q F1<ad50>
-144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 96 Q F1<ad52>144
-108 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, \
-in microseconds)180 108 Q F1<ad54>144 120 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)180 120 Q(If)144 136.8 Q/F2 10
+SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 84 Q F1<ad74>144 96 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 96 Q F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0
+(The maximum number of processes a)180 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 120 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 132
+Q F1<ad78>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 144 Q F1
+<ad50>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 156 Q F1
+<ad52>144 168 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
+blocking, in microseconds)180 168 Q F1<ad54>144 180 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)180 180 Q(If)144 196.8 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968
F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144
148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+(no option is gi)144
208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
-
160.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
+
220.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad6b>144
172.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
+A F1<ad6b>144
232.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 184.8 R .238
+(512-byte increments.)144 244.8 R .238
(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 196.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
-F1(umask)108 2
13.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
+(error occurs while setting a ne)144 256.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
+F1(umask)108 2
73.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 225.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 285.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 237.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-249.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 297.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+309.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 261.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 321.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 273.6 Q F0 .551
+(mode)144.38 333.6 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 285.6 Q
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 345.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 302.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 314.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 362.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 374.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
-3.258 F(mo)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+3.258 F(mo)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 403.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 355.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 415.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 367.2 Q F0 .465
+-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 427.2 Q F0 .465
(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 379.2 R F1
+2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 439.2 R F1
<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144
391.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144
451.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 403.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+.719(rather than the v)144 463.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 415.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
+(are supplied, each)144 475.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-427.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
+487.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 439.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 499.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 451.2 S
+F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 511.2 S
(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
-144 463.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
+144 523.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
-475.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
+535.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
-1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 487.2 Q(The e)5 E
+1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 547.2 Q(The e)5 E
(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 516 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\
+(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 576 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\
ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 528 R -.15(ve)-.25
+(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25
G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F2(id)144.01 540 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1
+F2(id)144.01 600 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1
(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 552 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098
+(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 612 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098
(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1
-<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 564 Q F0
+<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 624 Q F0
-.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id)
3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E
F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15
-G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 576 R .403
+G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 636 R .403
(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
-(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 588 R .573
+(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 648 R .573
(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
-144 600 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
-144 612 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
+144 660 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
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(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
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-(an)144 624 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
+(an)144 684 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0
-(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 636 R F1
+(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 696 R F1
(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0
.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
-(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 648 R(If)5.635 E F2(id)
+(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 708 R(If)5.635 E F2(id)
3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
-(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 660 R
-(If)5.801 E F1(wait)3.301 E F0 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the ret\
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-144 672 R F1(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F0(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.019
-(.O).15 G .019(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.019 F .02
-(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 684 Q(aited for)-.1
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+(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F 1.694(status is 127.)144 720
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+(xit status of the last process)-.15 F(or job w)144 96 Q(aited for)-.1 E
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+(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399
+F(le)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754
(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754
(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15
G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753
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projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
