# Reusable layer for base update - Should be cached from builder
RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && apt-get clean
-# Ensure python3 and jinja2 is present (for startup script), and python3-atomicwrites (for backend management), and tini (for signal management)
-RUN apt-get install -y python3 python3-jinja2 python3-atomicwrites tini libcap2-bin && apt-get clean
+# - python3 and jinja2 (for startup script)
+# - python3-atomicwrites (for backend management)
+# - tini (for signal management)
+# - ca-certificates (for verifying downstream DoH/DoT certificates)
+RUN apt-get install -y python3 python3-jinja2 python3-atomicwrites tini libcap2-bin ca-certificates && apt-get clean
# Output from builder
COPY --from=builder /build /