lib/sh/mbschr.c
- mbschr: don't call mbrlen unless is_basic is false; devolves to a
straight character-by-character run through the string
+
+ 3/19
+ ----
+stringlib.c
+ - substring: use memcpy instead of strncpy, since we know the length
+ and are going to add our own NUL terminator
+
+ 3/20
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - parameter_brace_expand_rhs: if expand_string_for_rhs returns a quoted
+ null string (a list with one element for which
+ QUOTED_NULL(list->word->word) returns true), return the quoted null
+ and set the flags in the returned word to indicate it. Fixes bug
+ reported by Mark Edgar <medgar123@gmail.com>
+
+lib/sh/tmpfile.c
+ - use random(3) instead of get_random_number to avoid perturbing the
+ random sequence you get using $RANDOM. Bug report and fix from
+ Jurij Mihelic <jurij.mihelic@fri.uni-lj.si>
+
+ 3/21
+ ----
+config-top.h
+ - OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT: define to 1 to optimize
+ sequential indexed array assignment patterns. Defined to 1 by
+ default
+
+array.c
+ - array_insert: if OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT is defined,
+ start the search at lastref (see change from 3/15)
+
+ 3/27
+ ----
+print_cmd.c
+ - debug_print_word_list: new debugging function, prints a word list
+ preceded by an optional string and using a caller-specified
+ separator
+
+ 4/1
+ ---
+command.h
+ - W_ASSNGLOBAL: new flag, set to indicate declare -g
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - fix_assignment_words: note that we have a -g argument to an assignment
+ builtin and set the W_ASSNGLOBAL flag in the variable word
+
+subst.c
+ - dump_word_flags: print out W_ASSNGLOBAL if present
+ - do_assignment_internal: only set ASS_MKLOCAL if W_ASSIGNARG is set
+ and W_ASSNGLOBAL is not. Don't want to create a local variable even
+ if variable_context is non-zero if ASSNGLOBAL is set. Fixes bug
+ reported by Bill Gradwohl <bill@ycc.com>
array.c
- array_insert: fix memory leak by deleting element to be added in the
case of an error
+
+ 3/18
+ ----
+lib/sh/mbschr.c
+ - mbschr: don't call mbrlen unless is_basic is false; devolves to a
+ straight character-by-character run through the string
+
+ 3/19
+ ----
+stringlib.c
+ - substring: use memcpy instead of strncpy, since we know the length
+ and are going to add our own NUL terminator
+
+ 3/20
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - parameter_brace_expand_rhs: if expand_string_for_rhs returns a quoted
+ null string (a list with one element for which
+ QUOTED_NULL(list->word->word) returns true), return the quoted null
+ and set the flags in the returned word to indicate it. Fixes bug
+ reported by Mark Edgar <medgar123@gmail.com>
+
+lib/sh/tmpfile.c
+ - use random(3) instead of get_random_number to avoid perturbing the
+ random sequence you get using $RANDOM. Bug report and fix from
+ Jurij Mihelic <jurij.mihelic@fri.uni-lj.si>
+
+ 3/21
+ ----
+config-top.h
+ - OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT: define to 1 to optimize
+ sequential indexed array assignment patterns. Defined to 1 by
+ default
+
+array.c
+ - array_insert: if OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT is defined,
+ start the search at lastref (see change from 3/15)
+
+ 3/27
+ ----
+print_cmd.c
+ - debug_print_word_list: new debugging function, prints a word list
+ preceded by an optional string and using a caller-specified
+ separator
+
+ 4/1
+ ---
+command.h
+ - W_ASSNGLOBAL: new flag, set to indicate declare -g
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - fix_assignment_words: note that we have a -g argument to an assignment
+ builtin and set the W_ASSNGLOBAL flag in the variable word
+
+subst.c
+ - dump_word_flags: print out W_ASSNGLOBAL if present
+ - do_assignment_internal: only set ASS_MKLOCAL if W_ASSIGNARG is set
+ and W_ASSNGLOBAL is not. Don't want to create a local variable even
+ if variable_context is non-zero if ASSNGLOBAL is set
SET_LASTREF(a, new);
return(0);
}
+#if OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT
/*
* Otherwise we search for the spot to insert it. The lastref
* handle optimizes the case of sequential or almost-sequential
* assignments that are not at the end of the array.
*/
start = LASTREF_START(a, i);
+#else
+ start = element_forw(ae->head);
+#endif
for (ae = start; ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) {
if (element_index(ae) == i) {
/*
#define W_HASCTLESC 0x200000 /* word contains literal CTLESC characters */
#define W_ASSIGNASSOC 0x400000 /* word looks like associative array assignment */
#define W_ARRAYIND 0x800000 /* word is an array index being expanded */
+#define W_ASSNGLOBAL 0x1000000 /* word is a global assignment to declare (declare/typeset -g) */
/* Possible values for subshell_environment */
#define SUBSHELL_ASYNC 0x01 /* subshell caused by `command &' */
--- /dev/null
+/* command.h -- The structures used internally to represent commands, and
+ the extern declarations of the functions used to create them. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1993-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#if !defined (_COMMAND_H_)
+#define _COMMAND_H_
+
+#include "stdc.h"
+
+/* Instructions describing what kind of thing to do for a redirection. */
+enum r_instruction {
+ r_output_direction, r_input_direction, r_inputa_direction,
+ r_appending_to, r_reading_until, r_reading_string,
+ r_duplicating_input, r_duplicating_output, r_deblank_reading_until,
+ r_close_this, r_err_and_out, r_input_output, r_output_force,
+ r_duplicating_input_word, r_duplicating_output_word,
+ r_move_input, r_move_output, r_move_input_word, r_move_output_word,
+ r_append_err_and_out
+};
+
+/* Redirection flags; values for rflags */
+#define REDIR_VARASSIGN 0x01
+
+/* Redirection errors. */
+#define AMBIGUOUS_REDIRECT -1
+#define NOCLOBBER_REDIRECT -2
+#define RESTRICTED_REDIRECT -3 /* can only happen in restricted shells. */
+#define HEREDOC_REDIRECT -4 /* here-doc temp file can't be created */
+#define BADVAR_REDIRECT -5 /* something wrong with {varname}redir */
+
+#define CLOBBERING_REDIRECT(ri) \
+ (ri == r_output_direction || ri == r_err_and_out)
+
+#define OUTPUT_REDIRECT(ri) \
+ (ri == r_output_direction || ri == r_input_output || ri == r_err_and_out || ri == r_append_err_and_out)
+
+#define INPUT_REDIRECT(ri) \
+ (ri == r_input_direction || ri == r_inputa_direction || ri == r_input_output)
+
+#define WRITE_REDIRECT(ri) \
+ (ri == r_output_direction || \
+ ri == r_input_output || \
+ ri == r_err_and_out || \
+ ri == r_appending_to || \
+ ri == r_append_err_and_out || \
+ ri == r_output_force)
+
+/* redirection needs translation */
+#define TRANSLATE_REDIRECT(ri) \
+ (ri == r_duplicating_input_word || ri == r_duplicating_output_word || \
+ ri == r_move_input_word || ri == r_move_output_word)
+
+/* Command Types: */
+enum command_type { cm_for, cm_case, cm_while, cm_if, cm_simple, cm_select,
+ cm_connection, cm_function_def, cm_until, cm_group,
+ cm_arith, cm_cond, cm_arith_for, cm_subshell, cm_coproc };
+
+/* Possible values for the `flags' field of a WORD_DESC. */
+#define W_HASDOLLAR 0x000001 /* Dollar sign present. */
+#define W_QUOTED 0x000002 /* Some form of quote character is present. */
+#define W_ASSIGNMENT 0x000004 /* This word is a variable assignment. */
+#define W_GLOBEXP 0x000008 /* This word is the result of a glob expansion. */
+#define W_NOSPLIT 0x000010 /* Do not perform word splitting on this word because ifs is empty string. */
+#define W_NOGLOB 0x000020 /* Do not perform globbing on this word. */
+#define W_NOSPLIT2 0x000040 /* Don't split word except for $@ expansion (using spaces) because context does not allow it. */
+#define W_TILDEEXP 0x000080 /* Tilde expand this assignment word */
+#define W_DOLLARAT 0x000100 /* $@ and its special handling */
+#define W_DOLLARSTAR 0x000200 /* $* and its special handling */
+#define W_NOCOMSUB 0x000400 /* Don't perform command substitution on this word */
+#define W_ASSIGNRHS 0x000800 /* Word is rhs of an assignment statement */
+#define W_NOTILDE 0x001000 /* Don't perform tilde expansion on this word */
+#define W_ITILDE 0x002000 /* Internal flag for word expansion */
+#define W_NOEXPAND 0x004000 /* Don't expand at all -- do quote removal */
+#define W_COMPASSIGN 0x008000 /* Compound assignment */
+#define W_ASSNBLTIN 0x010000 /* word is a builtin command that takes assignments */
+#define W_ASSIGNARG 0x020000 /* word is assignment argument to command */
+#define W_HASQUOTEDNULL 0x040000 /* word contains a quoted null character */
+#define W_DQUOTE 0x080000 /* word should be treated as if double-quoted */
+#define W_NOPROCSUB 0x100000 /* don't perform process substitution */
+#define W_HASCTLESC 0x200000 /* word contains literal CTLESC characters */
+#define W_ASSIGNASSOC 0x400000 /* word looks like associative array assignment */
+#define W_ARRAYIND 0x800000 /* word is an array index being expanded */
+
+/* Possible values for subshell_environment */
+#define SUBSHELL_ASYNC 0x01 /* subshell caused by `command &' */
+#define SUBSHELL_PAREN 0x02 /* subshell caused by ( ... ) */
+#define SUBSHELL_COMSUB 0x04 /* subshell caused by `command` or $(command) */
+#define SUBSHELL_FORK 0x08 /* subshell caused by executing a disk command */
+#define SUBSHELL_PIPE 0x10 /* subshell from a pipeline element */
+#define SUBSHELL_PROCSUB 0x20 /* subshell caused by <(command) or >(command) */
+#define SUBSHELL_COPROC 0x40 /* subshell from a coproc pipeline */
+#define SUBSHELL_RESETTRAP 0x80 /* subshell needs to reset trap strings on first call to trap */
+
+/* A structure which represents a word. */
+typedef struct word_desc {
+ char *word; /* Zero terminated string. */
+ int flags; /* Flags associated with this word. */
+} WORD_DESC;
+
+/* A linked list of words. */
+typedef struct word_list {
+ struct word_list *next;
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+} WORD_LIST;
+
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Shell Command Structs */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* What a redirection descriptor looks like. If the redirection instruction
+ is ri_duplicating_input or ri_duplicating_output, use DEST, otherwise
+ use the file in FILENAME. Out-of-range descriptors are identified by a
+ negative DEST. */
+
+typedef union {
+ int dest; /* Place to redirect REDIRECTOR to, or ... */
+ WORD_DESC *filename; /* filename to redirect to. */
+} REDIRECTEE;
+
+/* Structure describing a redirection. If REDIRECTOR is negative, the parser
+ (or translator in redir.c) encountered an out-of-range file descriptor. */
+typedef struct redirect {
+ struct redirect *next; /* Next element, or NULL. */
+ REDIRECTEE redirector; /* Descriptor or varname to be redirected. */
+ int rflags; /* Private flags for this redirection */
+ int flags; /* Flag value for `open'. */
+ enum r_instruction instruction; /* What to do with the information. */
+ REDIRECTEE redirectee; /* File descriptor or filename */
+ char *here_doc_eof; /* The word that appeared in <<foo. */
+} REDIRECT;
+
+/* An element used in parsing. A single word or a single redirection.
+ This is an ephemeral construct. */
+typedef struct element {
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+} ELEMENT;
+
+/* Possible values for command->flags. */
+#define CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL 0x01 /* User wants a subshell: ( command ) */
+#define CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL 0x02 /* Shell needs to force a subshell. */
+#define CMD_INVERT_RETURN 0x04 /* Invert the exit value. */
+#define CMD_IGNORE_RETURN 0x08 /* Ignore the exit value. For set -e. */
+#define CMD_NO_FUNCTIONS 0x10 /* Ignore functions during command lookup. */
+#define CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION 0x20 /* Do not expand the command words. */
+#define CMD_NO_FORK 0x40 /* Don't fork; just call execve */
+#define CMD_TIME_PIPELINE 0x80 /* Time a pipeline */
+#define CMD_TIME_POSIX 0x100 /* time -p; use POSIX.2 time output spec. */
+#define CMD_AMPERSAND 0x200 /* command & */
+#define CMD_STDIN_REDIR 0x400 /* async command needs implicit </dev/null */
+#define CMD_COMMAND_BUILTIN 0x0800 /* command executed by `command' builtin */
+#define CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL 0x1000
+#define CMD_LASTPIPE 0x2000
+
+/* What a command looks like. */
+typedef struct command {
+ enum command_type type; /* FOR CASE WHILE IF CONNECTION or SIMPLE. */
+ int flags; /* Flags controlling execution environment. */
+ int line; /* line number the command starts on */
+ REDIRECT *redirects; /* Special redirects for FOR CASE, etc. */
+ union {
+ struct for_com *For;
+ struct case_com *Case;
+ struct while_com *While;
+ struct if_com *If;
+ struct connection *Connection;
+ struct simple_com *Simple;
+ struct function_def *Function_def;
+ struct group_com *Group;
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ struct select_com *Select;
+#endif
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ struct arith_com *Arith;
+#endif
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ struct cond_com *Cond;
+#endif
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ struct arith_for_com *ArithFor;
+#endif
+ struct subshell_com *Subshell;
+ struct coproc_com *Coproc;
+ } value;
+} COMMAND;
+
+/* Structure used to represent the CONNECTION type. */
+typedef struct connection {
+ int ignore; /* Unused; simplifies make_command (). */
+ COMMAND *first; /* Pointer to the first command. */
+ COMMAND *second; /* Pointer to the second command. */
+ int connector; /* What separates this command from others. */
+} CONNECTION;
+
+/* Structures used to represent the CASE command. */
+
+/* Values for FLAGS word in a PATTERN_LIST */
+#define CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH 0x01
+#define CASEPAT_TESTNEXT 0x02
+
+/* Pattern/action structure for CASE_COM. */
+typedef struct pattern_list {
+ struct pattern_list *next; /* Clause to try in case this one failed. */
+ WORD_LIST *patterns; /* Linked list of patterns to test. */
+ COMMAND *action; /* Thing to execute if a pattern matches. */
+ int flags;
+} PATTERN_LIST;
+
+/* The CASE command. */
+typedef struct case_com {
+ int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ int line; /* line number the `case' keyword appears on */
+ WORD_DESC *word; /* The thing to test. */
+ PATTERN_LIST *clauses; /* The clauses to test against, or NULL. */
+} CASE_COM;
+
+/* FOR command. */
+typedef struct for_com {
+ int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ int line; /* line number the `for' keyword appears on */
+ WORD_DESC *name; /* The variable name to get mapped over. */
+ WORD_LIST *map_list; /* The things to map over. This is never NULL. */
+ COMMAND *action; /* The action to execute.
+ During execution, NAME is bound to successive
+ members of MAP_LIST. */
+} FOR_COM;
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+typedef struct arith_for_com {
+ int flags;
+ int line; /* generally used for error messages */
+ WORD_LIST *init;
+ WORD_LIST *test;
+ WORD_LIST *step;
+ COMMAND *action;
+} ARITH_FOR_COM;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+/* KSH SELECT command. */
+typedef struct select_com {
+ int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ int line; /* line number the `select' keyword appears on */
+ WORD_DESC *name; /* The variable name to get mapped over. */
+ WORD_LIST *map_list; /* The things to map over. This is never NULL. */
+ COMMAND *action; /* The action to execute.
+ During execution, NAME is bound to the member of
+ MAP_LIST chosen by the user. */
+} SELECT_COM;
+#endif /* SELECT_COMMAND */
+
+/* IF command. */
+typedef struct if_com {
+ int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ COMMAND *test; /* Thing to test. */
+ COMMAND *true_case; /* What to do if the test returned non-zero. */
+ COMMAND *false_case; /* What to do if the test returned zero. */
+} IF_COM;
+
+/* WHILE command. */
+typedef struct while_com {
+ int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ COMMAND *test; /* Thing to test. */
+ COMMAND *action; /* Thing to do while test is non-zero. */
+} WHILE_COM;
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+/* The arithmetic evaluation command, ((...)). Just a set of flags and
+ a WORD_LIST, of which the first element is the only one used, for the
+ time being. */
+typedef struct arith_com {
+ int flags;
+ int line;
+ WORD_LIST *exp;
+} ARITH_COM;
+#endif /* DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+/* The conditional command, [[...]]. This is a binary tree -- we slippped
+ a recursive-descent parser into the YACC grammar to parse it. */
+#define COND_AND 1
+#define COND_OR 2
+#define COND_UNARY 3
+#define COND_BINARY 4
+#define COND_TERM 5
+#define COND_EXPR 6
+
+typedef struct cond_com {
+ int flags;
+ int line;
+ int type;
+ WORD_DESC *op;
+ struct cond_com *left, *right;
+} COND_COM;
+
+/* The "simple" command. Just a collection of words and redirects. */
+typedef struct simple_com {
+ int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ int line; /* line number the command starts on */
+ WORD_LIST *words; /* The program name, the arguments,
+ variable assignments, etc. */
+ REDIRECT *redirects; /* Redirections to perform. */
+} SIMPLE_COM;
+
+/* The "function definition" command. */
+typedef struct function_def {
+ int flags; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ int line; /* Line number the function def starts on. */
+ WORD_DESC *name; /* The name of the function. */
+ COMMAND *command; /* The parsed execution tree. */
+ char *source_file; /* file in which function was defined, if any */
+} FUNCTION_DEF;
+
+/* A command that is `grouped' allows pipes and redirections to affect all
+ commands in the group. */
+typedef struct group_com {
+ int ignore; /* See description of CMD flags. */
+ COMMAND *command;
+} GROUP_COM;
+
+typedef struct subshell_com {
+ int flags;
+ COMMAND *command;
+} SUBSHELL_COM;
+
+#define COPROC_RUNNING 0x01
+#define COPROC_DEAD 0x02
+
+typedef struct coproc {
+ char *c_name;
+ pid_t c_pid;
+ int c_rfd;
+ int c_wfd;
+ int c_rsave;
+ int c_wsave;
+ int c_flags;
+ int c_status;
+} Coproc;
+
+typedef struct coproc_com {
+ int flags;
+ char *name;
+ COMMAND *command;
+} COPROC_COM;
+
+extern COMMAND *global_command;
+extern Coproc sh_coproc;
+
+/* Possible command errors */
+#define CMDERR_DEFAULT 0
+#define CMDERR_BADTYPE 1
+#define CMDERR_BADCONN 2
+#define CMDERR_BADJUMP 3
+
+#define CMDERR_LAST 3
+
+/* Forward declarations of functions declared in copy_cmd.c. */
+
+extern FUNCTION_DEF *copy_function_def_contents __P((FUNCTION_DEF *, FUNCTION_DEF *));
+extern FUNCTION_DEF *copy_function_def __P((FUNCTION_DEF *));
+
+extern WORD_DESC *copy_word __P((WORD_DESC *));
+extern WORD_LIST *copy_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *));
+extern REDIRECT *copy_redirect __P((REDIRECT *));
+extern REDIRECT *copy_redirects __P((REDIRECT *));
+extern COMMAND *copy_command __P((COMMAND *));
+
+#endif /* _COMMAND_H_ */
/* Define to 0 if you want the checkwinsize option off by default, 1 if you
want it on. */
#define CHECKWINSIZE_DEFAULT 0
+
+/* Define to 1 if you want to optimize for sequential array assignment when
+ using indexed arrays, 0 if you want bash-4.2 behavior, which favors
+ random access but is O(N) for each array assignment. */
+#define OPTIMIZE_SEQUENTIAL_ARRAY_ASSIGNMENT 1
by a @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.
The first pattern that matches determines the
command-list that is executed.
+It's a common idiom to use @samp{*} as the final pattern to define the
+default case, since that pattern will always match.
Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to
describe one interesting feature of an animal:
--- /dev/null
+\input texinfo.tex @c -*- texinfo -*-
+@c %**start of header
+@setfilename bashref.info
+@settitle Bash Reference Manual
+@c %**end of header
+
+@setchapternewpage odd
+
+@include version.texi
+
+@copying
+This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
+the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
+
+This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
+of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
+for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
+
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
+this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
+are preserved on all copies.
+
+@quotation
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
+A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
+``GNU Free Documentation License''.
+
+@end quotation
+@end copying
+
+@defcodeindex bt
+@defcodeindex rw
+@set BashFeatures
+
+@dircategory Basics
+@direntry
+* Bash: (bash). The GNU Bourne-Again SHell.
+@end direntry
+
+@finalout
+
+@titlepage
+@title Bash Reference Manual
+@subtitle Reference Documentation for Bash
+@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Bash} Version @value{VERSION}.
+@subtitle @value{UPDATED-MONTH}
+@author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+@author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+
+@page
+@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
+@insertcopying
+
+@sp 1
+Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
+59 Temple Place, Suite 330, @*
+Boston, MA 02111-1307 @*
+USA @*
+
+@end titlepage
+
+@contents
+
+@ifnottex
+@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
+@top Bash Features
+
+This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
+the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
+
+This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
+of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
+for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
+
+Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
+features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
+borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (@file{sh}), the Korn Shell
+(@file{ksh}), and the C-shell (@file{csh} and its successor,
+@file{tcsh}). The following menu breaks the features up into
+categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the
+feature.
+
+This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in
+Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive
+reference on shell behavior.
+
+@menu
+* Introduction:: An introduction to the shell.
+* Definitions:: Some definitions used in the rest of this
+ manual.
+* Basic Shell Features:: The shell "building blocks".
+* Shell Builtin Commands:: Commands that are a part of the shell.
+* Shell Variables:: Variables used or set by Bash.
+* Bash Features:: Features found only in Bash.
+* Job Control:: What job control is and how Bash allows you
+ to use it.
+* Command Line Editing:: Chapter describing the command line
+ editing features.
+* Using History Interactively:: Command History Expansion
+* Installing Bash:: How to build and install Bash on your system.
+* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs in Bash.
+* Major Differences From The Bourne Shell:: A terse list of the differences
+ between Bash and historical
+ versions of /bin/sh.
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this documentation.
+* Indexes:: Various indexes for this manual.
+@end menu
+@end ifnottex
+
+@node Introduction
+@chapter Introduction
+@menu
+* What is Bash?:: A short description of Bash.
+* What is a shell?:: A brief introduction to shells.
+@end menu
+
+@node What is Bash?
+@section What is Bash?
+
+Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter,
+for the @sc{gnu} operating system.
+The name is an acronym for the @samp{Bourne-Again SHell},
+a pun on Stephen Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of
+the current Unix shell @code{sh},
+which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version
+of Unix.
+
+Bash is largely compatible with @code{sh} and incorporates useful
+features from the Korn shell @code{ksh} and the C shell @code{csh}.
+It is intended to be a conformant implementation of the @sc{ieee}
+@sc{posix} Shell and Tools portion of the @sc{ieee} @sc{posix}
+specification (@sc{ieee} Standard 1003.1).
+It offers functional improvements over @code{sh} for both interactive and
+programming use.
+
+While the @sc{gnu} operating system provides other shells, including
+a version of @code{csh}, Bash is the default shell.
+Like other @sc{gnu} software, Bash is quite portable. It currently runs
+on nearly every version of Unix and a few other operating systems @minus{}
+independently-supported ports exist for @sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2},
+and Windows platforms.
+
+@node What is a shell?
+@section What is a shell?
+
+At its base, a shell is simply a macro processor that executes
+commands. The term macro processor means functionality where text
+and symbols are expanded to create larger expressions.
+
+A Unix shell is both a command interpreter and a programming
+language. As a command interpreter, the shell provides the user
+interface to the rich set of @sc{gnu} utilities. The programming
+language features allow these utilities to be combined.
+Files containing commands can be created, and become
+commands themselves. These new commands have the same status as
+system commands in directories such as @file{/bin}, allowing users
+or groups to establish custom environments to automate their common
+tasks.
+
+Shells may be used interactively or non-interactively. In
+interactive mode, they accept input typed from the keyboard.
+When executing non-interactively, shells execute commands read
+from a file.
+
+A shell allows execution of @sc{gnu} commands, both synchronously and
+asynchronously.
+The shell waits for synchronous commands to complete before accepting
+more input; asynchronous commands continue to execute in parallel
+with the shell while it reads and executes additional commands.
+The @dfn{redirection} constructs permit
+fine-grained control of the input and output of those commands.
+Moreover, the shell allows control over the contents of commands'
+environments.
+
+Shells also provide a small set of built-in
+commands (@dfn{builtins}) implementing functionality impossible
+or inconvenient to obtain via separate utilities.
+For example, @code{cd}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, and
+@code{exec} cannot be implemented outside of the shell because
+they directly manipulate the shell itself.
+The @code{history}, @code{getopts}, @code{kill}, or @code{pwd}
+builtins, among others, could be implemented in separate utilities,
+but they are more convenient to use as builtin commands.
+All of the shell builtins are described in
+subsequent sections.
+
+While executing commands is essential, most of the power (and
+complexity) of shells is due to their embedded programming
+languages. Like any high-level language, the shell provides
+variables, flow control constructs, quoting, and functions.
+
+Shells offer features geared specifically for
+interactive use rather than to augment the programming language.
+These interactive features include job control, command line
+editing, command history and aliases. Each of these features is
+described in this manual.
+
+@node Definitions
+@chapter Definitions
+These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item POSIX
+@cindex POSIX
+A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash
+is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the
+@sc{posix} 1003.1 standard.
+
+@item blank
+A space or tab character.
+
+@item builtin
+@cindex builtin
+A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather
+than by an executable program somewhere in the file system.
+
+@item control operator
+@cindex control operator
+A @code{token} that performs a control function. It is a @code{newline}
+or one of the following:
+@samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{;;},
+@samp{|}, @samp{|&}, @samp{(}, or @samp{)}.
+
+@item exit status
+@cindex exit status
+The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted
+to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255.
+
+@item field
+@cindex field
+A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After
+expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as
+the command name and arguments.
+
+@item filename
+@cindex filename
+A string of characters used to identify a file.
+
+@item job
+@cindex job
+A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended
+from it, that are all in the same process group.
+
+@item job control
+@cindex job control
+A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart
+(resume) execution of processes.
+
+@item metacharacter
+@cindex metacharacter
+A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is
+a @code{blank} or one of the following characters:
+@samp{|}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{(}, @samp{)}, @samp{<}, or
+@samp{>}.
+
+@item name
+@cindex name
+@cindex identifier
+A @code{word} consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores,
+and beginning with a letter or underscore. @code{Name}s are used as
+shell variable and function names.
+Also referred to as an @code{identifier}.
+
+@item operator
+@cindex operator, shell
+A @code{control operator} or a @code{redirection operator}.
+@xref{Redirections}, for a list of redirection operators.
+Operators contain at least one unquoted @code{metacharacter}.
+
+@item process group
+@cindex process group
+A collection of related processes each having the same process
+group @sc{id}.
+
+@item process group ID
+@cindex process group ID
+A unique identifier that represents a @code{process group}
+during its lifetime.
+
+@item reserved word
+@cindex reserved word
+A @code{word} that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved
+words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as @code{for} and
+@code{while}.
+
+@item return status
+@cindex return status
+A synonym for @code{exit status}.
+
+@item signal
+@cindex signal
+A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel
+of an event occurring in the system.
+
+@item special builtin
+@cindex special builtin
+A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the
+@sc{posix} standard.
+
+@item token
+@cindex token
+A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell.
+It is either a @code{word} or an @code{operator}.
+
+@item word
+@cindex word
+A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell.
+Words may not include unquoted @code{metacharacters}.
+@end table
+
+@node Basic Shell Features
+@chapter Basic Shell Features
+@cindex Bourne shell
+
+Bash is an acronym for @samp{Bourne-Again SHell}.
+The Bourne shell is
+the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne.
+All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash,
+The rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the @sc{posix}
+specification for the `standard' Unix shell.
+
+This chapter briefly summarizes the shell's `building blocks':
+commands, control structures, shell functions, shell @i{parameters},
+shell expansions,
+@i{redirections}, which are a way to direct input and output from
+and to named files, and how the shell executes commands.
+
+@menu
+* Shell Syntax:: What your input means to the shell.
+* Shell Commands:: The types of commands you can use.
+* Shell Functions:: Grouping commands by name.
+* Shell Parameters:: How the shell stores values.
+* Shell Expansions:: How Bash expands parameters and the various
+ expansions available.
+* Redirections:: A way to control where input and output go.
+* Executing Commands:: What happens when you run a command.
+* Shell Scripts:: Executing files of shell commands.
+@end menu
+
+@node Shell Syntax
+@section Shell Syntax
+@menu
+* Shell Operation:: The basic operation of the shell.
+* Quoting:: How to remove the special meaning from characters.
+* Comments:: How to specify comments.
+@end menu
+
+When the shell reads input, it proceeds through a
+sequence of operations. If the input indicates the beginning of a
+comment, the shell ignores the comment symbol (@samp{#}), and the rest
+of that line.
+
+Otherwise, roughly speaking, the shell reads its input and
+divides the input into words and operators, employing the quoting rules
+to select which meanings to assign various words and characters.
+
+The shell then parses these tokens into commands and other constructs,
+removes the special meaning of certain words or characters, expands
+others, redirects input and output as needed, executes the specified
+command, waits for the command's exit status, and makes that exit status
+available for further inspection or processing.
+
+@node Shell Operation
+@subsection Shell Operation
+
+The following is a brief description of the shell's operation when it
+reads and executes a command. Basically, the shell does the
+following:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Reads its input from a file (@pxref{Shell Scripts}), from a string
+supplied as an argument to the @option{-c} invocation option
+(@pxref{Invoking Bash}), or from the user's terminal.
+
+@item
+Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules
+described in @ref{Quoting}. These tokens are separated by
+@code{metacharacters}. Alias expansion is performed by this step
+(@pxref{Aliases}).
+
+@item
+Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands
+(@pxref{Shell Commands}).
+
+@item
+Performs the various shell expansions (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), breaking
+the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (@pxref{Filename Expansion})
+and commands and arguments.
+
+@item
+Performs any necessary redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) and removes
+the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list.
+
+@item
+Executes the command (@pxref{Executing Commands}).
+
+@item
+Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit
+status (@pxref{Exit Status}).
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Quoting
+@subsection Quoting
+@cindex quoting
+@menu
+* Escape Character:: How to remove the special meaning from a single
+ character.
+* Single Quotes:: How to inhibit all interpretation of a sequence
+ of characters.
+* Double Quotes:: How to suppress most of the interpretation of a
+ sequence of characters.
+* ANSI-C Quoting:: How to expand ANSI-C sequences in quoted strings.
+* Locale Translation:: How to translate strings into different languages.
+@end menu
+
+Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain
+characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to
+disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent
+reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent
+parameter expansion.
+
+Each of the shell metacharacters (@pxref{Definitions})
+has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
+represent itself.
+When the command history expansion facilities are being used
+(@pxref{History Interaction}), the
+@var{history expansion} character, usually @samp{!}, must be quoted
+to prevent history expansion. @xref{Bash History Facilities}, for
+more details concerning history expansion.
+
+There are three quoting mechanisms: the
+@var{escape character}, single quotes, and double quotes.
+
+@node Escape Character
+@subsubsection Escape Character
+A non-quoted backslash @samp{\} is the Bash escape character.
+It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows,
+with the exception of @code{newline}. If a @code{\newline} pair
+appears, and the backslash itself is not quoted, the @code{\newline}
+is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from
+the input stream and effectively ignored).
+
+@node Single Quotes
+@subsubsection Single Quotes
+
+Enclosing characters in single quotes (@samp{'}) preserves the literal value
+of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
+between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
+
+@node Double Quotes
+@subsubsection Double Quotes
+
+Enclosing characters in double quotes (@samp{"}) preserves the literal value
+of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of
+@samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{\},
+and, when history expansion is enabled, @samp{!}.
+The characters @samp{$} and @samp{`}
+retain their special meaning within double quotes (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).
+The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of
+the following characters:
+@samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{"}, @samp{\}, or @code{newline}.
+Within double quotes, backslashes that are followed by one of these
+characters are removed. Backslashes preceding characters without a
+special meaning are left unmodified.
+A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
+a backslash.
+If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an @samp{!}
+appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.
+The backslash preceding the @samp{!} is not removed.
+
+The special parameters @samp{*} and @samp{@@} have special meaning
+when in double quotes (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@node ANSI-C Quoting
+@subsubsection ANSI-C Quoting
+@cindex quoting, ANSI
+
+Words of the form @code{$'@var{string}'} are treated specially. The
+word expands to @var{string}, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
+as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if
+present, are decoded as follows:
+
+@table @code
+@item \a
+alert (bell)
+@item \b
+backspace
+@item \e
+@itemx \E
+an escape character (not ANSI C)
+@item \f
+form feed
+@item \n
+newline
+@item \r
+carriage return
+@item \t
+horizontal tab
+@item \v
+vertical tab
+@item \\
+backslash
+@item \'
+single quote
+@item \"
+double quote
+@item \@var{nnn}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
+(one to three digits)
+@item \x@var{HH}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH}
+(one or two hex digits)
+@item \u@var{HHHH}
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits)
+@item \U@var{HHHHHHHH}
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits)
+@item \c@var{x}
+a control-@var{x} character
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+been present.
+
+@node Locale Translation
+@subsubsection Locale-Specific Translation
+@cindex localization
+@cindex internationalization
+@cindex native languages
+@cindex translation, native languages
+
+A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (@samp{$}) will cause
+the string to be translated according to the current locale.
+If the current locale is @code{C} or @code{POSIX}, the dollar sign
+is ignored.
+If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
+double-quoted.
+
+@vindex LC_MESSAGES
+@vindex TEXTDOMAIN
+@vindex TEXTDOMAINDIR
+Some systems use the message catalog selected by the @env{LC_MESSAGES}
+shell variable. Others create the name of the message catalog from the
+value of the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} shell variable, possibly adding a
+suffix of @samp{.mo}. If you use the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} variable, you
+may need to set the @env{TEXTDOMAINDIR} variable to the location of
+the message catalog files. Still others use both variables in this
+fashion:
+@env{TEXTDOMAINDIR}/@env{LC_MESSAGES}/LC_MESSAGES/@env{TEXTDOMAIN}.mo.
+
+@node Comments
+@subsection Comments
+@cindex comments, shell
+
+In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
+@code{interactive_comments} option to the @code{shopt}
+builtin is enabled (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}),
+a word beginning with @samp{#}
+causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+be ignored. An interactive shell without the @code{interactive_comments}
+option enabled does not allow comments. The @code{interactive_comments}
+option is on by default in interactive shells.
+@xref{Interactive Shells}, for a description of what makes
+a shell interactive.
+
+@node Shell Commands
+@section Shell Commands
+@cindex commands, shell
+
+A simple shell command such as @code{echo a b c} consists of the command
+itself followed by arguments, separated by spaces.
+
+More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged together
+in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one command
+becomes the input of a second, in a loop or conditional construct, or in
+some other grouping.
+
+@menu
+* Simple Commands:: The most common type of command.
+* Pipelines:: Connecting the input and output of several
+ commands.
+* Lists:: How to execute commands sequentially.
+* Compound Commands:: Shell commands for control flow.
+* Coprocesses:: Two-way communication between commands.
+* GNU Parallel:: Running commands in parallel.
+@end menu
+
+@node Simple Commands
+@subsection Simple Commands
+@cindex commands, simple
+
+A simple command is the kind of command encountered most often.
+It's just a sequence of words separated by @code{blank}s, terminated
+by one of the shell's control operators (@pxref{Definitions}). The
+first word generally specifies a command to be executed, with the
+rest of the words being that command's arguments.
+
+The return status (@pxref{Exit Status}) of a simple command is
+its exit status as provided
+by the @sc{posix} 1003.1 @code{waitpid} function, or 128+@var{n} if
+the command was terminated by signal @var{n}.
+
+@node Pipelines
+@subsection Pipelines
+@cindex pipeline
+@cindex commands, pipelines
+
+A @code{pipeline} is a sequence of simple commands separated by one of
+the control operators @samp{|} or @samp{|&}.
+
+@rwindex time
+@rwindex !
+@cindex command timing
+The format for a pipeline is
+@example
+[time [-p]] [!] @var{command1} [ | or |& @var{command2} ] @dots{}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe
+to the input of the next command.
+That is, each command reads the previous command's output. This
+connection is performed before any redirections specified by the
+command.
+
+If @samp{|&} is used, @var{command1}'s standard output and standard error
+are connected to
+@var{command2}'s standard input through the pipe;
+it is shorthand for @code{2>&1 |}.
+This implicit redirection of the standard error is
+performed after any redirections specified by the command.
+
+The reserved word @code{time} causes timing statistics
+to be printed for the pipeline once it finishes.
+The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and
+user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
+The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that specified
+by @sc{posix}.
+When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
+it does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
+token begins with a @samp{-}.
+The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set to a format string that
+specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
+@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available formats.
+The use of @code{time} as a reserved word permits the timing of
+shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external
+@code{time} command cannot time these easily.
+
+When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), @code{time}
+may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
+total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
+The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be used to specify the format of
+the time information.
+
+If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (@pxref{Lists}), the
+shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
+
+Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell
+(@pxref{Command Execution Environment}). The exit
+status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the
+pipeline, unless the @code{pipefail} option is enabled
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+If @code{pipefail} is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
+value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
+or zero if all commands exit successfully.
+If the reserved word @samp{!} precedes the pipeline, the
+exit status is the logical negation of the exit status as described
+above.
+The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before
+returning a value.
+
+@node Lists
+@subsection Lists of Commands
+@cindex commands, lists
+
+A @code{list} is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
+of the operators @samp{;}, @samp{&}, @samp{&&}, or @samp{||},
+and optionally terminated by one of @samp{;}, @samp{&}, or a
+@code{newline}.
+
+Of these list operators, @samp{&&} and @samp{||}
+have equal precedence, followed by @samp{;} and @samp{&},
+which have equal precedence.
+
+A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a @code{list}
+to delimit commands, equivalent to a semicolon.
+
+If a command is terminated by the control operator @samp{&},
+the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell.
+This is known as executing the command in the @var{background}.
+The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return
+status is 0 (true).
+When job control is not active (@pxref{Job Control}),
+the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any
+explicit redirections, is redirected from @code{/dev/null}.
+
+Commands separated by a @samp{;} are executed sequentially; the shell
+waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
+exit status of the last command executed.
+
+@sc{and} and @sc{or} lists are sequences of one or more pipelines
+separated by the control operators @samp{&&} and @samp{||},
+respectively. @sc{and} and @sc{or} lists are executed with left
+associativity.
+
+An @sc{and} list has the form
+@example
+@var{command1} && @var{command2}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1}
+returns an exit status of zero.
+
+An @sc{or} list has the form
+@example
+@var{command1} || @var{command2}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1}
+returns a non-zero exit status.
+
+The return status of
+@sc{and} and @sc{or} lists is the exit status of the last command
+executed in the list.
+
+@node Compound Commands
+@subsection Compound Commands
+@cindex commands, compound
+
+@menu
+* Looping Constructs:: Shell commands for iterative action.
+* Conditional Constructs:: Shell commands for conditional execution.
+* Command Grouping:: Ways to group commands.
+@end menu
+
+Compound commands are the shell programming constructs.
+Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is
+terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator.
+Any redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) associated with a compound command
+apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden.
+
+In most cases a list of commands in a compound command's description may be
+separated from the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be
+followed by a newline in place of a semicolon.
+
+Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms
+to group commands and execute them as a unit.
+
+@node Looping Constructs
+@subsubsection Looping Constructs
+@cindex commands, looping
+
+Bash supports the following looping constructs.
+
+Note that wherever a @samp{;} appears in the description of a
+command's syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines.
+
+@table @code
+@item until
+@rwindex until
+@rwindex do
+@rwindex done
+The syntax of the @code{until} command is:
+
+@example
+until @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done
+@end example
+
+Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as
+@var{test-commands} has an exit status which is not zero.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed.
+
+@item while
+@rwindex while
+The syntax of the @code{while} command is:
+
+@example
+while @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done
+@end example
+
+Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as
+@var{test-commands} has an exit status of zero.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed.
+
+@item for
+@rwindex for
+The syntax of the @code{for} command is:
+
+@example
+for @var{name} [ [in [@var{words} @dots{}] ] ; ] do @var{commands}; done
+@end example
+
+Expand @var{words}, and execute @var{commands} once for each member
+in the resultant list, with @var{name} bound to the current member.
+If @samp{in @var{words}} is not present, the @code{for} command
+executes the @var{commands} once for each positional parameter that is
+set, as if @samp{in "$@@"} had been specified
+(@pxref{Special Parameters}).
+The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
+If there are no items in the expansion of @var{words}, no commands are
+executed, and the return status is zero.
+
+An alternate form of the @code{for} command is also supported:
+
+@example
+for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} )) ; do @var{commands} ; done
+@end example
+
+First, the arithmetic expression @var{expr1} is evaluated according
+to the rules described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+The arithmetic expression @var{expr2} is then evaluated repeatedly
+until it evaluates to zero.
+Each time @var{expr2} evaluates to a non-zero value, @var{commands} are
+executed and the arithmetic expression @var{expr3} is evaluated.
+If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
+The return value is the exit status of the last command in @var{commands}
+that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
+@end table
+
+The @code{break} and @code{continue} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+may be used to control loop execution.
+
+@node Conditional Constructs
+@subsubsection Conditional Constructs
+@cindex commands, conditional
+
+@table @code
+@item if
+@rwindex if
+@rwindex then
+@rwindex else
+@rwindex elif
+@rwindex fi
+The syntax of the @code{if} command is:
+
+@example
+if @var{test-commands}; then
+ @var{consequent-commands};
+[elif @var{more-test-commands}; then
+ @var{more-consequents};]
+[else @var{alternate-consequents};]
+fi
+@end example
+
+The @var{test-commands} list is executed, and if its return status is zero,
+the @var{consequent-commands} list is executed.
+If @var{test-commands} returns a non-zero status, each @code{elif} list
+is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero,
+the corresponding @var{more-consequents} is executed and the
+command completes.
+If @samp{else @var{alternate-consequents}} is present, and
+the final command in the final @code{if} or @code{elif} clause
+has a non-zero exit status, then @var{alternate-consequents} is executed.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
+zero if no condition tested true.
+
+@item case
+@rwindex case
+@rwindex in
+@rwindex esac
+The syntax of the @code{case} command is:
+
+@example
+case @var{word} in [ [(] @var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]@dots{}) @var{command-list} ;;]@dots{} esac
+@end example
+
+@code{case} will selectively execute the @var{command-list} corresponding to
+the first @var{pattern} that matches @var{word}.
+If the shell option @code{nocasematch}
+(see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+The @samp{|} is used to separate multiple patterns, and the @samp{)}
+operator terminates a pattern list.
+A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known
+as a @var{clause}.
+
+Each clause must be terminated with @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.
+The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
+substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before matching is
+attempted. Each @var{pattern} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
+expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+
+There may be an arbitrary number of @code{case} clauses, each terminated
+by a @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.
+The first pattern that matches determines the
+command-list that is executed.
+
+Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to
+describe one interesting feature of an animal:
+
+@example
+echo -n "Enter the name of an animal: "
+read ANIMAL
+echo -n "The $ANIMAL has "
+case $ANIMAL in
+ horse | dog | cat) echo -n "four";;
+ man | kangaroo ) echo -n "two";;
+ *) echo -n "an unknown number of";;
+esac
+echo " legs."
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+
+If the @samp{;;} operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
+the first pattern match.
+Using @samp{;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes execution to continue with
+the @var{command-list} associated with the next clause, if any.
+Using @samp{;;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes the shell to test the patterns
+in the next clause, if any, and execute any associated @var{command-list}
+on a successful match.
+
+The return status is zero if no @var{pattern} is matched. Otherwise, the
+return status is the exit status of the @var{command-list} executed.
+
+@item select
+@rwindex select
+
+The @code{select} construct allows the easy generation of menus.
+It has almost the same syntax as the @code{for} command:
+
+@example
+select @var{name} [in @var{words} @dots{}]; do @var{commands}; done
+@end example
+
+The list of words following @code{in} is expanded, generating a list
+of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+error output stream, each preceded by a number. If the
+@samp{in @var{words}} is omitted, the positional parameters are printed,
+as if @samp{in "$@@"} had been specified.
+The @env{PS3} prompt is then displayed and a line is read from the
+standard input.
+If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the displayed
+words, then the value of @var{name} is set to that word.
+If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again.
+If @code{EOF} is read, the @code{select} command completes.
+Any other value read causes @var{name} to be set to null.
+The line read is saved in the variable @env{REPLY}.
+
+The @var{commands} are executed after each selection until a
+@code{break} command is executed, at which
+point the @code{select} command completes.
+
+Here is an example that allows the user to pick a filename from the
+current directory, and displays the name and index of the file
+selected.
+
+@example
+select fname in *;
+do
+ echo you picked $fname \($REPLY\)
+ break;
+done
+@end example
+
+@item ((@dots{}))
+@example
+(( @var{expression} ))
+@end example
+
+The arithmetic @var{expression} is evaluated according to the rules
+described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
+otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
+@example
+let "@var{expression}"
+@end example
+@noindent
+@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a full description of the @code{let} builtin.
+
+@item [[@dots{}]]
+@rwindex [[
+@rwindex ]]
+@example
+[[ @var{expression} ]]
+@end example
+
+Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
+the conditional expression @var{expression}.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
+@ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}.
+Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
+between the @samp{[[} and @samp{]]}; tilde expansion, parameter and
+variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
+substitution, and quote removal are performed.
+Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be recognized
+as primaries.
+
+When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort
+lexicographically using the current locale.
+
+When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the
+right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
+to the rules described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}.
+If the shell option @code{nocasematch}
+(see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+The return value is 0 if the string matches (@samp{==}) or does not
+match (@samp{!=})the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
+to be matched as a string.
+
+An additional binary operator, @samp{=~}, is available, with the same
+precedence as @samp{==} and @samp{!=}.
+When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
+an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in @i{regex}3)).
+The return value is 0 if the string matches
+the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+expression's return value is 2.
+If the shell option @code{nocasematch}
+(see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin})
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
+to be matched as a string.
+Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
+since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets.
+If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable
+expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.
+Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
+expression are saved in the array variable @code{BASH_REMATCH}.
+The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index @var{n} is the portion of the
+string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression.
+
+For example, the following will match a line
+(stored in the shell variable @var{line})
+if there is a sequence of characters in the value consisting of
+any number, including zero, of
+space characters, zero or one instances of @samp{a}, then a @samp{b}:
+@example
+[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+That means values like @samp{aab} and @samp{ aaaaaab} will match, as
+will a line containing a @samp{b} anywhere in its value.
+
+Storing the regular expression in a shell variable is often a useful
+way to avoid problems with quoting characters that are special to the
+shell.
+It is sometimes difficult to specify a regular expression literally
+without using quotes, or to keep track of the quoting used by regular
+expressions while paying attention to the shell's quote removal.
+Using a shell variable to store the pattern decreases these problems.
+For example, the following is equivalent to the above:
+@example
+pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b'
+[[ $line =~ $pattern ]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+If you want to match a character that's special to the regular expression
+grammar, it has to be quoted to remove its special meaning.
+This means that in the pattern @samp{xxx.txt}, the @samp{.} matches any
+character in the string (its usual regular expression meaning), but in the
+pattern @samp{"xxx.txt"} it can only match a literal @samp{.}.
+Shell programmers should take special care with backslashes, since backslashes
+are used both by the shell and regular expressions to remove the special
+meaning from the following character.
+The following two sets of commands are @emph{not} equivalent:
+@example
+pattern='\.'
+
+[[ . =~ $pattern ]]
+[[ . =~ \. ]]
+
+[[ . =~ "$pattern" ]]
+[[ . =~ '\.' ]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The first two matches will succeed, but the second two will not, because
+in the second two the backslash will be part of the pattern to be matched.
+In the first two examples, the backslash removes the special meaning from
+@samp{.}, so the literal @samp{.} matches.
+If the string in the first examples were anything other than @samp{.}, say
+@samp{a}, the pattern would not match, because the quoted @samp{.} in the
+pattern loses its special meaning of matching any single character.
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
+in decreasing order of precedence:
+
+@table @code
+@item ( @var{expression} )
+Returns the value of @var{expression}.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+
+@item ! @var{expression}
+True if @var{expression} is false.
+
+@item @var{expression1} && @var{expression2}
+True if both @var{expression1} and @var{expression2} are true.
+
+@item @var{expression1} || @var{expression2}
+True if either @var{expression1} or @var{expression2} is true.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The @code{&&} and @code{||} operators do not evaluate @var{expression2} if the
+value of @var{expression1} is sufficient to determine the return
+value of the entire conditional expression.
+@end table
+
+@node Command Grouping
+@subsubsection Grouping Commands
+@cindex commands, grouping
+
+Bash provides two ways to group a list of commands to be executed
+as a unit. When commands are grouped, redirections may be applied
+to the entire command list. For example, the output of all the
+commands in the list may be redirected to a single stream.
+
+@table @code
+@item ()
+@example
+( @var{list} )
+@end example
+
+Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
+environment to be created (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and each
+of the commands in @var{list} to be executed in that subshell. Since the
+@var{list} is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in
+effect after the subshell completes.
+
+@item @{@}
+@rwindex @{
+@rwindex @}
+@example
+@{ @var{list}; @}
+@end example
+
+Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to
+be executed in the current shell context. No subshell is created.
+The semicolon (or newline) following @var{list} is required.
+@end table
+
+In addition to the creation of a subshell, there is a subtle difference
+between these two constructs due to historical reasons. The braces
+are @code{reserved words}, so they must be separated from the @var{list}
+by @code{blank}s or other shell metacharacters.
+The parentheses are @code{operators}, and are
+recognized as separate tokens by the shell even if they are not separated
+from the @var{list} by whitespace.
+
+The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of
+@var{list}.
+
+@node Coprocesses
+@subsection Coprocesses
+@cindex coprocess
+
+A @code{coprocess} is a shell command preceded by the @code{coproc}
+reserved word.
+A coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+had been terminated with the @samp{&} control operator, with a two-way pipe
+established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
+
+The format for a coprocess is:
+@example
+coproc [@var{NAME}] @var{command} [@var{redirections}]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+This creates a coprocess named @var{NAME}.
+If @var{NAME} is not supplied, the default name is @var{COPROC}.
+@var{NAME} must not be supplied if @var{command} is a simple
+command (@pxref{Simple Commands}); otherwise, it is interpreted as
+the first word of the simple command.
+
+When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+(@pxref{Arrays})
+named @env{NAME} in the context of the executing shell.
+The standard output of @var{command}
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to @env{NAME}[0].
+The standard input of @var{command}
+is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
+and that file descriptor is assigned to @env{NAME}[1].
+This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
+command (@pxref{Redirections}).
+The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
+and redirections using standard word expansions.
+
+The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
+available as the value of the variable @env{NAME}_PID.
+The @code{wait}
+builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
+
+The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of @var{command}.
+
+@node GNU Parallel
+@subsection GNU Parallel
+
+GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands
+in parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether
+they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files.
+
+For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few
+examples should provide a brief introduction to its use.
+
+For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a specified
+string:
+@example
+cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string
+@end example
+@noindent
+The @option{-k} option is required to preserve the lines' order.
+
+Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file:
+@example
+cat file | parallel -k echo @{@} append_string
+@end example
+
+You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the
+number of files is too large to process with one @code{mv} invocation:
+@example
+ls | parallel mv @{@} destdir
+@end example
+
+As you can see, the @{@} is replaced with each line read from standard input.
+This will run as many @code{mv} commands as there are files in the current
+directory. You can emulate a parallel @code{xargs} by adding the @option{-X}
+option:
+@example
+ls | parallel -X mv @{@} destdir
+@end example
+
+GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read
+from a file (in this case, filenames):
+@example
+ for x in $(cat list); do
+ do-something1 $x config-$x
+ do-something2 < $x
+ done | process-output
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
+@example
+cat list | parallel "do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < @{@}" | process-output
+@end example
+
+Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which
+lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:
+@example
+ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}"
+@end example
+@noindent
+This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending
+in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
+
+If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in
+the output. For instance, the following command
+@example
+@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel traceroute
+@end example
+@noindent
+will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using
+the @option{-k} option, as we saw above
+@example
+@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel -k traceroute
+@end example
+@noindent
+will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed first.
+
+@node Shell Functions
+@section Shell Functions
+@cindex shell function
+@cindex functions, shell
+
+Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution
+using a single name for the group. They are executed just like
+a "regular" command.
+When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name,
+the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.
+Shell functions are executed in the current
+shell context; no new process is created to interpret them.
+
+Functions are declared using this syntax:
+@rwindex function
+@example
+@var{name} () @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]
+@end example
+
+or
+
+@example
+function @var{name} [()] @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]
+@end example
+
+This defines a shell function named @var{name}. The reserved
+word @code{function} is optional.
+If the @code{function} reserved
+word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.
+The @var{body} of the function is the compound command
+@var{compound-command} (@pxref{Compound Commands}).
+That command is usually a @var{list} enclosed between @{ and @}, but
+may be any compound command listed above.
+@var{compound-command} is executed whenever @var{name} is specified as the
+name of a command.
+When the shell is in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}),
+@var{name} may not be the same as one of the special builtins
+(@pxref{Special Builtins}).
+Any redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) associated with the shell function
+are performed when the function is executed.
+
+A function definition may be deleted using the @option{-f} option to the
+@code{unset} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
+occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
+When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the body.
+
+Note that for historical reasons, in the most common usage the curly braces
+that surround the body of the function must be separated from the body by
+@code{blank}s or newlines.
+This is because the braces are reserved words and are only recognized
+as such when they are separated from the command list
+by whitespace or another shell metacharacter.
+Also, when using the braces, the @var{list} must be terminated by a semicolon,
+a @samp{&}, or a newline.
+
+When a function is executed, the arguments to the
+function become the positional parameters
+during its execution (@pxref{Positional Parameters}).
+The special parameter @samp{#} that expands to the number of
+positional parameters is updated to reflect the change.
+Special parameter @code{0} is unchanged.
+The first element of the @env{FUNCNAME} variable is set to the
+name of the function while the function is executing.
+
+All other aspects of the shell execution
+environment are identical between a function and its caller
+with these exceptions:
+the @env{DEBUG} and @env{RETURN} traps
+are not inherited unless the function has been given the
+@code{trace} attribute using the @code{declare} builtin or
+the @code{-o functrace} option has been enabled with
+the @code{set} builtin,
+(in which case all functions inherit the @env{DEBUG} and @env{RETURN} traps),
+and the @env{ERR} trap is not inherited unless the @code{-o errtrace}
+shell option has been enabled.
+@xref{Bourne Shell Builtins}, for the description of the
+@code{trap} builtin.
+
+The @env{FUNCNEST} variable, if set to a numeric value greater
+than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function
+invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to
+abort.
+
+If the builtin command @code{return}
+is executed in a function, the function completes and
+execution resumes with the next command after the function
+call.
+Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed
+before execution resumes.
+When a function completes, the values of the
+positional parameters and the special parameter @samp{#}
+are restored to the values they had prior to the function's
+execution. If a numeric argument is given to @code{return},
+that is the function's return status; otherwise the function's
+return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+before the @code{return}.
+
+Variables local to the function may be declared with the
+@code{local} builtin. These variables are visible only to
+the function and the commands it invokes.
+
+Function names and definitions may be listed with the
+@option{-f} option to the @code{declare} (@code{typeset})
+builtin command (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+The @option{-F} option to @code{declare} or @code{typeset}
+will list the function names only
+(and optionally the source file and line number, if the @code{extdebug}
+shell option is enabled).
+Functions may be exported so that subshells
+automatically have them defined with the
+@option{-f} option to the @code{export} builtin
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
+in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
+shell's children.
+Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
+
+Functions may be recursive.
+The @code{FUNCNEST} variable may be used to limit the depth of the
+function call stack and restrict the number of function invocations.
+By default, no limit is placed on the number of recursive calls.
+
+@node Shell Parameters
+@section Shell Parameters
+@cindex parameters
+@cindex variable, shell
+@cindex shell variable
+
+@menu
+* Positional Parameters:: The shell's command-line arguments.
+* Special Parameters:: Parameters denoted by special characters.
+@end menu
+
+A @var{parameter} is an entity that stores values.
+It can be a @code{name}, a number, or one of the special characters
+listed below.
+A @var{variable} is a parameter denoted by a @code{name}.
+A variable has a @var{value} and zero or more @var{attributes}.
+Attributes are assigned using the @code{declare} builtin command
+(see the description of the @code{declare} builtin in @ref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
+a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+the @code{unset} builtin command.
+
+A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+@example
+@var{name}=[@var{value}]
+@end example
+@noindent
+If @var{value}
+is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+@var{value}s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+removal (detailed below). If the variable has its @code{integer}
+attribute set, then @var{value}
+is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the @code{$((@dots{}))}
+expansion is not used (@pxref{Arithmetic Expansion}).
+Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
+of @code{"$@@"} as explained below.
+Filename expansion is not performed.
+Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the
+@code{alias},
+@code{declare}, @code{typeset}, @code{export}, @code{readonly},
+and @code{local} builtin commands.
+When in @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}), these builtins may appear
+in a command after one or more instances of the @code{command} builtin
+and retain these assignment statement properties.
+
+In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
+to a shell variable or array index (@pxref{Arrays}), the @samp{+=}
+operator can be used to
+append to or add to the variable's previous value.
+When @samp{+=} is applied to a variable for which the @var{integer} attribute
+has been set, @var{value} is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and
+added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
+When @samp{+=} is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
+(@pxref{Arrays}), the
+variable's value is not unset (as it is when using @samp{=}), and new
+values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
+maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
+in an associative array.
+When applied to a string-valued variable, @var{value} is expanded and
+appended to the variable's value.
+
+@node Positional Parameters
+@subsection Positional Parameters
+@cindex parameters, positional
+
+A @var{positional parameter} is a parameter denoted by one or more
+digits, other than the single digit @code{0}. Positional parameters are
+assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked,
+and may be reassigned using the @code{set} builtin command.
+Positional parameter @code{N} may be referenced as @code{$@{N@}}, or
+as @code{$N} when @code{N} consists of a single digit.
+Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.
+The @code{set} and @code{shift} builtins are used to set and
+unset them (@pxref{Shell Builtin Commands}).
+The positional parameters are
+temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed
+(@pxref{Shell Functions}).
+
+When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
+digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces.
+
+@node Special Parameters
+@subsection Special Parameters
+@cindex parameters, special
+
+The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item *
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
+with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
+of the @env{IFS}
+special variable. That is, @code{"$*"} is equivalent
+to @code{"$1@var{c}$2@var{c}@dots{}"}, where @var{c}
+is the first character of the value of the @code{IFS}
+variable.
+If @env{IFS} is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.
+If @env{IFS} is null, the parameters are joined without intervening
+separators.
+
+
+@item @@
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
+separate word. That is, @code{"$@@"} is equivalent to
+@code{"$1" "$2" @dots{}}.
+If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
+the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
+word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+part of the original word.
+When there are no positional parameters, @code{"$@@"} and
+@code{$@@}
+expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
+
+@item #
+Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
+
+@item ?
+Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
+pipeline.
+
+@item -
+(A hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon
+invocation, by the @code{set}
+builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
+(such as the @option{-i} option).
+
+@item $
+Expands to the process @sc{id} of the shell. In a @code{()} subshell, it
+expands to the process @sc{id} of the invoking shell, not the subshell.
+
+@item !
+Expands to the process @sc{id} of the most recently executed background
+(asynchronous) command.
+
+@item 0
+Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
+shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
+(@pxref{Shell Scripts}), @code{$0} is set to the name of that file.
+If Bash is started with the @option{-c} option (@pxref{Invoking Bash}),
+then @code{$0} is set to the first argument after the string to be
+executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
+to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
+
+@item _
+(An underscore.)
+At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
+shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
+or argument list.
+Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
+after expansion.
+Also set to the full pathname used to invoke each command executed
+and placed in the environment exported to that command.
+When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file.
+@end vtable
+
+@node Shell Expansions
+@section Shell Expansions
+@cindex expansion
+
+Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
+@code{token}s. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item brace expansion
+@item tilde expansion
+@item parameter and variable expansion
+@item command substitution
+@item arithmetic expansion
+@item word splitting
+@item filename expansion
+@end itemize
+
+@menu
+* Brace Expansion:: Expansion of expressions within braces.
+* Tilde Expansion:: Expansion of the ~ character.
+* Shell Parameter Expansion:: How Bash expands variables to their values.
+* Command Substitution:: Using the output of a command as an argument.
+* Arithmetic Expansion:: How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.
+* Process Substitution:: A way to write and read to and from a
+ command.
+* Word Splitting:: How the results of expansion are split into separate
+ arguments.
+* Filename Expansion:: A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.
+* Quote Removal:: How and when quote characters are removed from
+ words.
+@end menu
+
+The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
+parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution
+(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename
+expansion.
+
+On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
+available: @var{process substitution}. This is performed at the
+same time as parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution.
+
+Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion
+can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
+expand a single word to a single word.
+The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
+@code{"$@@"} (@pxref{Special Parameters}) and @code{"$@{@var{name}[@@]@}"}
+(@pxref{Arrays}).
+
+After all expansions, @code{quote removal} (@pxref{Quote Removal})
+is performed.
+
+@node Brace Expansion
+@subsection Brace Expansion
+@cindex brace expansion
+@cindex expansion, brace
+
+Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
+This mechanism is similar to
+@var{filename expansion} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}),
+but the filenames generated need not exist.
+Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional @var{preamble},
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression
+between a pair of braces,
+followed by an optional @var{postscript}.
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
+the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left
+to right.
+
+Brace expansions may be nested.
+The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order
+is preserved.
+For example,
+@example
+bash$ echo a@{d,c,b@}e
+ade ace abe
+@end example
+
+A sequence expression takes the form @code{@{@var{x}..@var{y}[..@var{incr}]@}},
+where @var{x} and @var{y} are either integers or single characters,
+and @var{incr}, an optional increment, is an integer.
+When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
+@var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive.
+Supplied integers may be prefixed with @samp{0} to force each term to have the
+same width. When either @var{x} or @var{y} begins with a zero, the shell
+attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
+zero-padding where necessary.
+When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
+lexicographically between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive. Note that
+both @var{x} and @var{y} must be of the same type.
+When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
+
+Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
+and any characters special to other expansions are preserved
+in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash
+does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the
+expansion or the text between the braces.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string @samp{$@{}
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+
+A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening
+and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
+sequence expression.
+Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+
+A @{ or @samp{,} may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+being considered part of a brace expression.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string @samp{$@{}
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+
+This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
+prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
+above example:
+@example
+mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/@{old,new,dist,bugs@}
+@end example
+or
+@example
+chown root /usr/@{ucb/@{ex,edit@},lib/@{ex?.?*,how_ex@}@}
+@end example
+
+@node Tilde Expansion
+@subsection Tilde Expansion
+@cindex tilde expansion
+@cindex expansion, tilde
+
+If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (@samp{~}), all of the
+characters up to the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
+if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a @var{tilde-prefix}.
+If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the
+characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a
+possible @var{login name}.
+If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+value of the @env{HOME} shell variable.
+If @env{HOME} is unset, the home directory of the user executing the
+shell is substituted instead.
+Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory
+associated with the specified login name.
+
+If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~+}, the value of
+the shell variable @env{PWD} replaces the tilde-prefix.
+If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~-}, the value of the shell variable
+@env{OLDPWD}, if it is set, is substituted.
+
+If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a
+number @var{N}, optionally prefixed by a @samp{+} or a @samp{-},
+the tilde-prefix is replaced with the
+corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed
+by the @code{dirs} builtin invoked with the characters following tilde
+in the tilde-prefix as an argument (@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
+If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a
+leading @samp{+} or @samp{-}, @samp{+} is assumed.
+
+If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
+left unchanged.
+
+Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
+following a @samp{:} or the first @samp{=}.
+In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
+Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in assignments to
+@env{PATH}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{CDPATH},
+and the shell assigns the expanded value.
+
+The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes:
+
+@table @code
+@item ~
+The value of @code{$HOME}
+@item ~/foo
+@file{$HOME/foo}
+
+@item ~fred/foo
+The subdirectory @code{foo} of the home directory of the user
+@code{fred}
+
+@item ~+/foo
+@file{$PWD/foo}
+
+@item ~-/foo
+@file{$@{OLDPWD-'~-'@}/foo}
+
+@item ~@var{N}
+The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}
+
+@item ~+@var{N}
+The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}
+
+@item ~-@var{N}
+The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs -@var{N}}
+@end table
+
+@node Shell Parameter Expansion
+@subsection Shell Parameter Expansion
+@cindex parameter expansion
+@cindex expansion, parameter
+
+The @samp{$} character introduces parameter expansion,
+command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
+or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
+are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from
+characters immediately following it which could be
+interpreted as part of the name.
+
+When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first @samp{@}}
+not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
+expansion.
+
+The basic form of parameter expansion is $@{@var{parameter}@}.
+The value of @var{parameter} is substituted. The braces are required
+when @var{parameter}
+is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
+or when @var{parameter}
+is followed by a character that is not to be
+interpreted as part of its name.
+
+If the first character of @var{parameter} is an exclamation point (!),
+a level of variable indirection is introduced.
+Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
+@var{parameter} as the name of the variable; this variable is then
+expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
+than the value of @var{parameter} itself.
+This is known as @code{indirect expansion}.
+The exceptions to this are the expansions of $@{!@var{prefix}@*@}
+and $@{!@var{name}[@@]@}
+described below.
+The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
+introduce indirection.
+
+In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion,
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+
+When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
+Put another way, if the colon is included,
+the operator tests for both @var{parameter}'s existence and that its value
+is not null; if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:@minus{}@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter} is unset or null, the expansion of
+@var{word} is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
+@var{parameter} is substituted.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:=@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter}
+is unset or null, the expansion of @var{word}
+is assigned to @var{parameter}.
+The value of @var{parameter} is then substituted.
+Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to
+in this way.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:?@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter}
+is null or unset, the expansion of @var{word} (or a message
+to that effect if @var{word}
+is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it
+is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of @var{parameter} is
+substituted.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:+@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter}
+is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of
+@var{word} is substituted.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}:@var{length}@}
+Expands to up to @var{length} characters of @var{parameter}
+starting at the character specified by @var{offset}.
+If @var{length} is omitted, expands to the substring of
+@var{parameter} starting at the character specified by @var{offset}.
+@var{length} and @var{offset} are arithmetic expressions
+(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
+
+If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
+is used as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{length} evaluates to a number less than zero, and @var{parameter}
+is not @samp{@@} and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
+as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter} rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
+two offsets.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional
+parameters beginning at @var{offset}.
+If @var{parameter} is an indexed array name subscripted
+by @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the result is the @var{length}
+members of the array beginning with @code{$@{@var{parameter}[@var{offset}]@}}.
+A negative @var{offset} is taken relative to one greater than the maximum
+index of the specified array.
+Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined
+results.
+
+Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
+one space to avoid being confused with the @samp{:-} expansion.
+Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
+are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
+If @var{offset} is 0, and the positional parameters are used, @code{$@@} is
+prefixed to the list.
+
+@item $@{!@var{prefix}*@}
+@itemx $@{!@var{prefix}@@@}
+Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with @var{prefix},
+separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} special variable.
+When @samp{@@} is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+variable name expands to a separate word.
+
+@item $@{!@var{name}[@@]@}
+@itemx $@{!@var{name}[*]@}
+If @var{name} is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices
+(keys) assigned in @var{name}.
+If @var{name} is not an array, expands to 0 if @var{name} is set and null
+otherwise.
+When @samp{@@} is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+key expands to a separate word.
+
+@item $@{#@var{parameter}@}
+The length in characters of the expanded value of @var{parameter} is
+substituted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{*} or @samp{@@}, the value substituted
+is the number of positional parameters.
+If @var{parameter} is an array name subscripted by @samp{*} or @samp{@@},
+the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}#@var{word}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}##@var{word}@}
+The @var{word}
+is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
+expansion (@pxref{Filename Expansion}). If the pattern matches
+the beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter},
+then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of @var{parameter}
+with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{#} case) or the
+longest matching pattern (the @samp{##} case) deleted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If @var{parameter} is an array variable subscripted with
+@samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}%@var{word}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}%%@var{word}@}
+The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+filename expansion.
+If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of
+@var{parameter}, then the result of the expansion is the value of
+@var{parameter} with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{%} case)
+or the longest matching pattern (the @samp{%%} case) deleted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If @var{parameter}
+is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}/@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
+
+The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+filename expansion.
+@var{Parameter} is expanded and the longest match of @var{pattern}
+against its value is replaced with @var{string}.
+If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{/}, all matches of @var{pattern} are
+replaced with @var{string}. Normally only the first match is replaced.
+If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{#}, it must match at the beginning
+of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{%}, it must match at the end
+of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{string} is null, matches of @var{pattern} are deleted
+and the @code{/} following @var{pattern} may be omitted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the substitution operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If @var{parameter}
+is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the substitution operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}^@var{pattern}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}^^@var{pattern}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter},@var{pattern}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter},,@var{pattern}@}
+This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in @var{parameter}.
+The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+filename expansion.
+Each character in the expanded value of @var{parameter} is tested against
+@var{pattern}, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
+The @samp{^} operator converts lowercase letters matching @var{pattern}
+to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching uppercase letters
+to lowercase.
+The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions convert each matched character in the
+expanded value; the @samp{^} and @samp{,} expansions match and convert only
+the first character in the expanded value.
+If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, which matches
+every character.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the case modification operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If @var{parameter}
+is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+@end table
+
+@node Command Substitution
+@subsection Command Substitution
+@cindex command substitution
+
+Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace
+the command itself.
+Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows:
+@example
+$(@var{command})
+@end example
+@noindent
+or
+@example
+`@var{command}`
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Bash performs the expansion by executing @var{command} and
+replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the
+command, with any trailing newlines deleted.
+Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during
+word splitting.
+The command substitution @code{$(cat @var{file})} can be
+replaced by the equivalent but faster @code{$(< @var{file})}.
+
+When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used,
+backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by
+@samp{$}, @samp{`}, or @samp{\}.
+The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the
+command substitution.
+When using the @code{$(@var{command})} form, all characters between
+the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
+
+Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
+form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
+
+If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+filename expansion are not performed on the results.
+
+@node Arithmetic Expansion
+@subsection Arithmetic Expansion
+@cindex expansion, arithmetic
+@cindex arithmetic expansion
+
+Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
+
+@example
+$(( @var{expression} ))
+@end example
+
+The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but
+a double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
+All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command
+substitution, and quote removal.
+Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+
+The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
+(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating
+failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs.
+
+@node Process Substitution
+@subsection Process Substitution
+@cindex process substitution
+
+Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
+pipes (@sc{fifo}s) or the @file{/dev/fd} method of naming open files.
+It takes the form of
+@example
+<(@var{list})
+@end example
+@noindent
+or
+@example
+>(@var{list})
+@end example
+@noindent
+The process @var{list} is run with its input or output connected to a
+@sc{fifo} or some file in @file{/dev/fd}. The name of this file is
+passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+expansion. If the @code{>(@var{list})} form is used, writing to
+the file will provide input for @var{list}. If the
+@code{<(@var{list})} form is used, the file passed as an
+argument should be read to obtain the output of @var{list}.
+Note that no space may appear between the @code{<} or @code{>}
+and the left parenthesis, otherwise the construct would be interpreted
+as a redirection.
+
+When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+expansion.
+
+@node Word Splitting
+@subsection Word Splitting
+@cindex word splitting
+
+The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution,
+and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for
+word splitting.
+
+The shell treats each character of @env{$IFS} as a delimiter, and splits
+the results of the other expansions into words on these characters.
+If @env{IFS} is unset, or its value is exactly @code{<space><tab><newline>},
+the default, then sequences of
+@code{ <space>}, @code{<tab>}, and @code{<newline>}
+at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
+expansions are ignored, and any sequence of @env{IFS}
+characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit words.
+If @env{IFS} has a value other than the default, then sequences of
+the whitespace characters @code{space} and @code{tab}
+are ignored at the beginning and end of the
+word, as long as the whitespace character is in the
+value of @env{IFS} (an @env{IFS} whitespace character).
+Any character in @env{IFS} that is not @env{IFS}
+whitespace, along with any adjacent @env{IFS}
+whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of @env{IFS}
+whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+If the value of @env{IFS} is null, no word splitting occurs.
+
+Explicit null arguments (@code{""} or @code{''}) are retained.
+Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
+parameters that have no values, are removed.
+If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
+null argument results and is retained.
+
+Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
+is performed.
+
+@node Filename Expansion
+@subsection Filename Expansion
+@menu
+* Pattern Matching:: How the shell matches patterns.
+@end menu
+@cindex expansion, filename
+@cindex expansion, pathname
+@cindex filename expansion
+@cindex pathname expansion
+
+After word splitting, unless the @option{-f} option has been set
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}), Bash scans each word for the characters
+@samp{*}, @samp{?}, and @samp{[}.
+If one of these characters appears, then the word is
+regarded as a @var{pattern},
+and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
+filenames matching the pattern (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).
+If no matching filenames are found,
+and the shell option @code{nullglob} is disabled, the word is left
+unchanged.
+If the @code{nullglob} option is set, and no matches are found, the word
+is removed.
+If the @code{failglob} shell option is set, and no matches are found,
+an error message is printed and the command is not executed.
+If the shell option @code{nocaseglob} is enabled, the match is performed
+without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
+
+When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character @samp{.}
+at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
+must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option @code{dotglob} is set.
+When matching a filename, the slash character must always be
+matched explicitly.
+In other cases, the @samp{.} character is not treated specially.
+
+See the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{The Shopt Builtin},
+for a description of the @code{nocaseglob}, @code{nullglob},
+@code{failglob}, and @code{dotglob} options.
+
+The @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a
+pattern. If @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in
+@env{GLOBIGNORE} is removed from the list of matches. The filenames
+@file{.} and @file{..}
+are always ignored when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+is set and not null.
+However, setting @env{GLOBIGNORE} to a non-null value has the effect of
+enabling the @code{dotglob}
+shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
+@samp{.} will match.
+To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
+@samp{.}, make @samp{.*} one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}.
+The @code{dotglob} option is disabled when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+is unset.
+
+@node Pattern Matching
+@subsubsection Pattern Matching
+@cindex pattern matching
+@cindex matching, pattern
+
+Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
+characters described below, matches itself.
+The @sc{nul} character may not occur in a pattern.
+A backslash escapes the following character; the
+escaping backslash is discarded when matching.
+The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched
+literally.
+
+The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
+@table @code
+@item *
+Matches any string, including the null string.
+When the @code{globstar} shell option is enabled, and @samp{*} is used in
+a filename expansion context, two adjacent @samp{*}s used as a single
+pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and
+subdirectories.
+If followed by a @samp{/}, two adjacent @samp{*}s will match only
+directories and subdirectories.
+@item ?
+Matches any single character.
+@item [@dots{}]
+Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
+separated by a hyphen denotes a @var{range expression};
+any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
+is matched. If the first character following the
+@samp{[} is a @samp{!} or a @samp{^}
+then any character not enclosed is matched. A @samp{@minus{}}
+may be matched by including it as the first or last character
+in the set. A @samp{]} may be matched by including it as the first
+character in the set.
+The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
+the current locale and the values of the
+@env{LC_COLLATE} and @env{LC_ALL} shell variables, if set.
+
+For example, in the default C locale, @samp{[a-dx-z]} is equivalent to
+@samp{[abcdxyz]}. Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in
+these locales @samp{[a-dx-z]} is typically not equivalent to @samp{[abcdxyz]};
+it might be equivalent to @samp{[aBbCcDdxXyYz]}, for example. To obtain
+the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket expressions, you can
+force the use of the C locale by setting the @env{LC_COLLATE} or
+@env{LC_ALL} environment variable to the value @samp{C}, or enable the
+@code{globasciiranges} shell option.
+
+Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, @var{character classes} can be specified
+using the syntax
+@code{[:}@var{class}@code{:]}, where @var{class} is one of the
+following classes defined in the @sc{posix} standard:
+@example
+alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower
+print punct space upper word xdigit
+@end example
+@noindent
+A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
+The @code{word} character class matches letters, digits, and the character
+@samp{_}.
+
+Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, an @var{equivalence class} can be
+specified using the syntax @code{[=}@var{c}@code{=]}, which
+matches all characters with the same collation weight (as defined
+by the current locale) as the character @var{c}.
+
+Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, the syntax @code{[.}@var{symbol}@code{.]}
+matches the collating symbol @var{symbol}.
+@end table
+
+If the @code{extglob} shell option is enabled using the @code{shopt}
+builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.
+In the following description, a @var{pattern-list} is a list of one
+or more patterns separated by a @samp{|}.
+Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following
+sub-patterns:
+
+@table @code
+@item ?(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns.
+
+@item *(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns.
+
+@item +(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns.
+
+@item @@(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches one of the given patterns.
+
+@item !(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
+@end table
+
+@node Quote Removal
+@subsection Quote Removal
+
+After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
+characters @samp{\}, @samp{'}, and @samp{"} that did not
+result from one of the above expansions are removed.
+
+@node Redirections
+@section Redirections
+@cindex redirection
+
+Before a command is executed, its input and output
+may be @var{redirected}
+using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
+Redirection allows commands' file handles to be
+duplicated, opened, closed,
+made to refer to different files,
+and can change the files the command reads from and writes to.
+Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
+current shell execution environment. The following redirection
+operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
+simple command or may follow a command.
+Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
+left to right.
+
+Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number
+may instead be preceded by a word of the form @{@var{varname}@}.
+In this case, for each redirection operator except
+>&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor greater
+than 10 and assign it to @{@var{varname}@}. If >&- or <&- is preceded
+by @{@var{varname}@}, the value of @var{varname} defines the file
+descriptor to close.
+
+In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is
+omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is
+@samp{<}, the redirection refers to the standard input (file
+descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirection operator
+is @samp{>}, the redirection refers to the standard output (file
+descriptor 1).
+
+The word following the redirection operator in the following
+descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
+tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, quote removal, filename expansion, and word splitting.
+If it expands to more than one word, Bash reports an error.
+
+Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example,
+the command
+@example
+ls > @var{dirlist} 2>&1
+@end example
+@noindent
+directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error
+(file descriptor 2) to the file @var{dirlist}, while the command
+@example
+ls 2>&1 > @var{dirlist}
+@end example
+@noindent
+directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist},
+because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output
+before the standard output was redirected to @var{dirlist}.
+
+Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+redirections, as described in the following table:
+
+@table @code
+@item /dev/fd/@var{fd}
+If @var{fd} is a valid integer, file descriptor @var{fd} is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/stdin
+File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/stdout
+File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/stderr
+File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}
+If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port}
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a TCP
+connection to the corresponding socket.
+
+@item /dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}
+If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port}
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
+connection to the corresponding socket.
+@end table
+
+A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
+
+Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses
+internally.
+
+@subsection Redirecting Input
+Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for reading on file descriptor @code{n},
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if @code{n}
+is not specified.
+
+The general format for redirecting input is:
+@example
+[@var{n}]<@var{word}
+@end example
+
+@subsection Redirecting Output
+Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for writing on file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n}
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created;
+if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
+
+The general format for redirecting output is:
+@example
+[@var{n}]>[|]@var{word}
+@end example
+
+If the redirection operator is @samp{>}, and the @code{noclobber}
+option to the @code{set} builtin has been enabled, the redirection
+will fail if the file whose name results from the expansion of
+@var{word} exists and is a regular file.
+If the redirection operator is @samp{>|}, or the redirection operator is
+@samp{>} and the @code{noclobber} option is not enabled, the redirection
+is attempted even if the file named by @var{word} exists.
+
+@subsection Appending Redirected Output
+Redirection of output in this fashion
+causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for appending on file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n}
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
+
+The general format for appending output is:
+@example
+[@var{n}]>>@var{word}
+@end example
+
+@subsection Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be redirected to the file whose name is the
+expansion of @var{word}.
+
+There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
+standard error:
+@example
+&>@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+and
+@example
+>&@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
+This is semantically equivalent to
+@example
+>@var{word} 2>&1
+@end example
+When using the second form, @var{word} may not expand to a number or
+@samp{-}. If it does, other redirection operators apply
+(see Duplicating File Descriptors below) for compatibility reasons.
+
+@subsection Appending Standard Output and Standard Error
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be appended to the file whose name is the
+expansion of @var{word}.
+
+The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+@example
+&>>@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+This is semantically equivalent to
+@example
+>>@var{word} 2>&1
+@end example
+(see Duplicating File Descriptors below).
+
+@subsection Here Documents
+This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+current source until a line containing only @var{word}
+(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of
+the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard
+input for a command.
+
+The format of here-documents is:
+@example
+<<[@minus{}]@var{word}
+ @var{here-document}
+@var{delimiter}
+@end example
+
+No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+arithmetic expansion, or filename expansion is performed on
+@var{word}. If any characters in @var{word} are quoted, the
+@var{delimiter} is the result of quote removal on @var{word},
+and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
+If @var{word} is unquoted,
+all lines of the here-document are subjected to
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
+the character sequence @code{\newline} is ignored, and @samp{\}
+must be used to quote the characters
+@samp{\}, @samp{$}, and @samp{`}.
+
+If the redirection operator is @samp{<<-},
+then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the
+line containing @var{delimiter}.
+This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
+natural fashion.
+
+@subsection Here Strings
+A variant of here documents, the format is:
+@example
+<<< @var{word}
+@end example
+
+The @var{word} undergoes
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.
+Pathname expansion and word splitting are not performed.
+The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its
+standard input.
+
+@subsection Duplicating File Descriptors
+The redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]<&@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
+If @var{word}
+expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by @var{n}
+is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.
+If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for
+input, a redirection error occurs.
+If @var{word}
+evaluates to @samp{-}, file descriptor @var{n} is closed.
+If @var{n} is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
+
+The operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]>&@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If
+@var{n} is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
+If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for
+output, a redirection error occurs.
+If @var{word}
+evaluates to @samp{-}, file descriptor @var{n} is closed.
+As a special case, if @var{n} is omitted, and @var{word} does not
+expand to one or more digits or @samp{-}, the standard output and standard
+error are redirected as described previously.
+
+@subsection Moving File Descriptors
+The redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]<&@var{digit}-
+@end example
+@noindent
+moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if @var{n} is not specified.
+@var{digit} is closed after being duplicated to @var{n}.
+
+Similarly, the redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]>&@var{digit}-
+@end example
+@noindent
+moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is not specified.
+
+@subsection Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
+The redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]<>@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+causes the file whose name is the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor
+@var{n}, or on file descriptor 0 if @var{n}
+is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
+
+@node Executing Commands
+@section Executing Commands
+
+@menu
+* Simple Command Expansion:: How Bash expands simple commands before
+ executing them.
+* Command Search and Execution:: How Bash finds commands and runs them.
+* Command Execution Environment:: The environment in which Bash
+ executes commands that are not
+ shell builtins.
+* Environment:: The environment given to a command.
+* Exit Status:: The status returned by commands and how Bash
+ interprets it.
+* Signals:: What happens when Bash or a command it runs
+ receives a signal.
+@end menu
+
+@node Simple Command Expansion
+@subsection Simple Command Expansion
+@cindex command expansion
+
+When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those
+preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later
+processing.
+
+@item
+The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+expanded (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).
+If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
+the arguments.
+
+@item
+Redirections are performed as described above (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+The text after the @samp{=} in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
+expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
+@end enumerate
+
+If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
+shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment
+of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.
+If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
+
+If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+command to exit with a non-zero status.
+
+If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions
+contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
+the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
+were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
+
+@node Command Search and Execution
+@subsection Command Search and Execution
+@cindex command execution
+@cindex command search
+
+After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
+simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
+actions are taken.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
+locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
+function is invoked as described in @ref{Shell Functions}.
+
+@item
+If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for
+it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that
+builtin is invoked.
+
+@item
+If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin,
+and contains no slashes, Bash searches each element of
+@env{$PATH} for a directory containing an executable file
+by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full
+pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple @env{PATH} searches
+(see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+A full search of the directories in @env{$PATH}
+is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
+If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
+function named @code{command_not_found_handle}.
+If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
+the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's
+exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.
+If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
+message and returns an exit status of 127.
+
+@item
+If the search is successful, or if the command name contains
+one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in
+a separate execution environment.
+Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments
+to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any.
+
+@item
+If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
+format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
+@var{shell script} and the shell executes it as described in
+@ref{Shell Scripts}.
+
+@item
+If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for
+the command to complete and collects its exit status.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Command Execution Environment
+@subsection Command Execution Environment
+@cindex execution environment
+
+The shell has an @var{execution environment}, which consists of the
+following:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+redirections supplied to the @code{exec} builtin
+
+@item
+the current working directory as set by @code{cd}, @code{pushd}, or
+@code{popd}, or inherited by the shell at invocation
+
+@item
+the file creation mode mask as set by @code{umask} or inherited from
+the shell's parent
+
+@item
+current traps set by @code{trap}
+
+@item
+shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with @code{set}
+or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
+
+@item
+shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's
+parent in the environment
+
+@item
+options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line
+arguments) or by @code{set}
+
+@item
+options enabled by @code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin})
+
+@item
+shell aliases defined with @code{alias} (@pxref{Aliases})
+
+@item
+various process @sc{id}s, including those of background jobs
+(@pxref{Lists}), the value of @code{$$}, and the value of
+@env{$PPID}
+
+@end itemize
+
+When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
+is to be executed, it
+is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
+the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
+from the shell.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
+by redirections to the command
+
+@item
+the current working directory
+
+@item
+the file creation mode mask
+
+@item
+shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
+exported for the command, passed in the environment (@pxref{Environment})
+
+@item
+traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the
+shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
+
+@end itemize
+
+A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+shell's execution environment.
+
+Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses,
+and asynchronous commands are invoked in a
+subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment,
+except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values
+that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin
+commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed
+in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment
+cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
+
+Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
+the @option{-e} option from the parent shell. When not in @sc{posix} mode,
+Bash clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells.
+
+If a command is followed by a @samp{&} and job control is not active, the
+default standard input for the command is the empty file @file{/dev/null}.
+Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
+shell as modified by redirections.
+
+@node Environment
+@subsection Environment
+@cindex environment
+
+When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
+called the @var{environment}.
+This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form @code{name=value}.
+
+Bash provides several ways to manipulate the environment.
+On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and
+creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking
+it for @var{export}
+to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment.
+The @code{export} and @samp{declare -x}
+commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter
+in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part
+of the environment, replacing the old. The environment
+inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's
+initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell,
+less any pairs removed by the @code{unset} and @samp{export -n}
+commands, plus any additions via the @code{export} and
+@samp{declare -x} commands.
+
+The environment for any simple command
+or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
+parameter assignments, as described in @ref{Shell Parameters}.
+These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
+by that command.
+
+If the @option{-k} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}), then all
+parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
+not just those that precede the command name.
+
+When Bash invokes an external command, the variable @samp{$_}
+is set to the full pathname of the command and passed to that
+command in its environment.
+
+@node Exit Status
+@subsection Exit Status
+@cindex exit status
+
+The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+@var{waitpid} system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
+fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
+use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and
+compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
+circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific
+failure modes.
+
+For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a
+zero exit status has succeeded.
+A non-zero exit status indicates failure.
+This seemingly counter-intuitive scheme is used so there
+is one well-defined way to indicate success and a variety of
+ways to indicate various failure modes.
+When a command terminates on a fatal signal whose number is @var{N},
+Bash uses the value 128+@var{N} as the exit status.
+
+If a command is not found, the child process created to
+execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found
+but is not executable, the return status is 126.
+
+If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
+the exit status is greater than zero.
+
+The exit status is used by the Bash conditional commands
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}) and some of the list
+constructs (@pxref{Lists}).
+
+All of the Bash builtins return an exit status of zero if they succeed
+and a non-zero status on failure, so they may be used by the
+conditional and list constructs.
+All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
+
+@node Signals
+@subsection Signals
+@cindex signal handling
+
+When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+@code{SIGTERM} (so that @samp{kill 0} does not kill an interactive shell),
+and @code{SIGINT}
+is caught and handled (so that the @code{wait} builtin is interruptible).
+When Bash receives a @code{SIGINT}, it breaks out of any executing loops.
+In all cases, Bash ignores @code{SIGQUIT}.
+If job control is in effect (@pxref{Job Control}), Bash
+ignores @code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+Non-builtin commands started by Bash have signal handlers set to the
+values inherited by the shell from its parent.
+When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands
+ignore @code{SIGINT} and @code{SIGQUIT} in addition to these inherited
+handlers.
+Commands run as a result of
+command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals
+@code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+The shell exits by default upon receipt of a @code{SIGHUP}.
+Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the @code{SIGHUP} to
+all jobs, running or stopped.
+Stopped jobs are sent @code{SIGCONT} to ensure that they receive
+the @code{SIGHUP}.
+To prevent the shell from sending the @code{SIGHUP} signal to a
+particular job, it should be removed
+from the jobs table with the @code{disown}
+builtin (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or marked
+to not receive @code{SIGHUP} using @code{disown -h}.
+
+If the @code{huponexit} shell option has been set with @code{shopt}
+(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), Bash sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when
+an interactive login shell exits.
+
+If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal
+for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until
+the command completes.
+When Bash is waiting for an asynchronous
+command via the @code{wait} builtin, the reception of a signal for
+which a trap has been set will cause the @code{wait} builtin to return
+immediately with an exit status greater than 128, immediately after
+which the trap is executed.
+
+@node Shell Scripts
+@section Shell Scripts
+@cindex shell script
+
+A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such
+a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash,
+and neither the @option{-c} nor @option{-s} option is supplied
+(@pxref{Invoking Bash}),
+Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This
+mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first
+searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the
+directories in @env{$PATH} if not found there.
+
+When Bash runs
+a shell script, it sets the special parameter @code{0} to the name
+of the file, rather than the name of the shell, and the positional
+parameters are set to the remaining arguments, if any are given.
+If no additional arguments are supplied, the positional parameters
+are unset.
+
+A shell script may be made executable by using the @code{chmod} command
+to turn on the execute bit. When Bash finds such a file while
+searching the @env{$PATH} for a command, it spawns a subshell to
+execute it. In other words, executing
+@example
+filename @var{arguments}
+@end example
+@noindent
+is equivalent to executing
+@example
+bash filename @var{arguments}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+if @code{filename} is an executable shell script.
+This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a
+new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the
+exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
+(see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+are retained by the child.
+
+Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's command
+execution mechanism. If the first line of a script begins with
+the two characters @samp{#!}, the remainder of the line specifies
+an interpreter for the program.
+Thus, you can specify Bash, @code{awk}, Perl, or some other
+interpreter and write the rest of the script file in that language.
+
+The arguments to the interpreter
+consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter
+name on the first line of the script file, followed by the name of
+the script file, followed by the rest of the arguments. Bash
+will perform this action on operating systems that do not handle it
+themselves. Note that some older versions of Unix limit the interpreter
+name and argument to a maximum of 32 characters.
+
+Bash scripts often begin with @code{#! /bin/bash} (assuming that
+Bash has been installed in @file{/bin}), since this ensures that
+Bash will be used to interpret the script, even if it is executed
+under another shell.
+
+@node Shell Builtin Commands
+@chapter Shell Builtin Commands
+
+@menu
+* Bourne Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
+ Shell.
+* Bash Builtins:: Table of builtins specific to Bash.
+* Modifying Shell Behavior:: Builtins to modify shell attributes and
+ optional behavior.
+* Special Builtins:: Builtin commands classified specially by
+ POSIX.
+@end menu
+
+Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself.
+When the name of a builtin command is used as the first word of
+a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}), the shell executes
+the command directly, without invoking another program.
+Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality impossible
+or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities.
+
+This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from
+the Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique
+to or have been extended in Bash.
+
+Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin
+commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
+facilities (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}), the directory stack
+(@pxref{Directory Stack Builtins}), the command history
+(@pxref{Bash History Builtins}), and the programmable completion
+facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion Builtins}).
+
+Many of the builtins have been extended by @sc{posix} or Bash.
+
+Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented as accepting
+options preceded by @samp{-} accepts @samp{--}
+to signify the end of the options.
+The @code{:}, @code{true}, @code{false}, and @code{test}
+builtins do not accept options and do not treat @samp{--} specially.
+The @code{exit}, @code{logout}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, @code{let},
+and @code{shift} builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+with @samp{-} without requiring @samp{--}.
+Other builtins that accept arguments but are not specified as accepting
+options interpret arguments beginning with @samp{-} as invalid options and
+require @samp{--} to prevent this interpretation.
+
+@node Bourne Shell Builtins
+@section Bourne Shell Builtins
+
+The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
+These commands are implemented as specified by the @sc{posix} standard.
+
+@table @code
+@item : @r{(a colon)}
+@btindex :
+@example
+: [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+
+Do nothing beyond expanding @var{arguments} and performing redirections.
+The return status is zero.
+
+@item . @r{(a period)}
+@btindex .
+@example
+. @var{filename} [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+
+Read and execute commands from the @var{filename} argument in the
+current shell context. If @var{filename} does not contain a slash,
+the @env{PATH} variable is used to find @var{filename}.
+When Bash is not in @sc{posix} mode, the current directory is searched
+if @var{filename} is not found in @env{$PATH}.
+If any @var{arguments} are supplied, they become the positional
+parameters when @var{filename} is executed. Otherwise the positional
+parameters are unchanged.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
+zero if no commands are executed. If @var{filename} is not found, or
+cannot be read, the return status is non-zero.
+This builtin is equivalent to @code{source}.
+
+@item break
+@btindex break
+@example
+break [@var{n}]
+@end example
+
+Exit from a @code{for}, @code{while}, @code{until}, or @code{select} loop.
+If @var{n} is supplied, the @var{n}th enclosing loop is exited.
+@var{n} must be greater than or equal to 1.
+The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1.
+
+@item cd
+@btindex cd
+@example
+cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [@var{directory}]
+@end example
+
+Change the current working directory to @var{directory}.
+If @var{directory} is not supplied, the value of the @env{HOME}
+shell variable is used.
+Any additional arguments following @var{directory} are ignored.
+If the shell variable
+@env{CDPATH} exists, it is used as a search path:
+each directory name in @env{CDPATH} is searched for
+@var{directory}, with alternative directory names in @env{CDPATH}
+separated by a colon (@samp{:}).
+If @var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used.
+
+The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+are resolved while @code{cd} is traversing @var{directory} and before
+processing an instance of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
+
+By default, or when the @option{-L} option is supplied, symbolic links
+in @var{directory} are resolved after @code{cd} processes an instance
+of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
+
+If @samp{..} appears in @var{directory}, it is processed by removing the
+immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning
+of @var{directory}.
+
+If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P}
+and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
+after a successful directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful
+status.
+If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is converted to @env{$OLDPWD}
+before the directory change is attempted.
+
+If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if
+@samp{-} is the first argument, and the directory change is
+successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
+written to the standard output.
+
+The return status is zero if the directory is successfully changed,
+non-zero otherwise.
+
+@item continue
+@btindex continue
+@example
+continue [@var{n}]
+@end example
+
+Resume the next iteration of an enclosing @code{for}, @code{while},
+@code{until}, or @code{select} loop.
+If @var{n} is supplied, the execution of the @var{n}th enclosing loop
+is resumed.
+@var{n} must be greater than or equal to 1.
+The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1.
+
+@item eval
+@btindex eval
+@example
+eval [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+
+The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
+then read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status
+of @code{eval}.
+If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return status is
+zero.
+
+@item exec
+@btindex exec
+@example
+exec [-cl] [-a @var{name}] [@var{command} [@var{arguments}]]
+@end example
+
+If @var{command}
+is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new process.
+If the @option{-l} option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the
+beginning of the zeroth argument passed to @var{command}.
+This is what the @code{login} program does.
+The @option{-c} option causes @var{command} to be executed with an empty
+environment.
+If @option{-a} is supplied, the shell passes @var{name} as the zeroth
+argument to @var{command}.
+If @var{command}
+cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+unless the @code{execfail} shell option
+is enabled. In that case, it returns failure.
+An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
+If no @var{command} is specified, redirections may be used to affect
+the current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the
+return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
+
+@item exit
+@btindex exit
+@example
+exit [@var{n}]
+@end example
+
+Exit the shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's parent.
+If @var{n} is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.
+Any trap on @code{EXIT} is executed before the shell terminates.
+
+@item export
+@btindex export
+@example
+export [-fn] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]]
+@end example
+
+Mark each @var{name} to be passed to child processes
+in the environment. If the @option{-f} option is supplied, the @var{name}s
+refer to shell functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables.
+The @option{-n} option means to no longer mark each @var{name} for export.
+If no @var{names} are supplied, or if the @option{-p} option is given, a
+list of names of all exported variables is displayed.
+The @option{-p} option displays output in a form that may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of
+the variable is set to @var{value}.
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
+the names is not a valid shell variable name, or @option{-f} is supplied
+with a name that is not a shell function.
+
+@item getopts
+@btindex getopts
+@example
+getopts @var{optstring} @var{name} [@var{args}]
+@end example
+
+@code{getopts} is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
+@var{optstring} contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
+character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
+argument, which should be separated from it by whitespace.
+The colon (@samp{:}) and question mark (@samp{?}) may not be
+used as option characters.
+Each time it is invoked, @code{getopts}
+places the next option in the shell variable @var{name}, initializing
+@var{name} if it does not exist,
+and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
+variable @env{OPTIND}.
+@env{OPTIND} is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
+is invoked.
+When an option requires an argument,
+@code{getopts} places that argument into the variable @env{OPTARG}.
+The shell does not reset @env{OPTIND} automatically; it must be manually
+reset between multiple calls to @code{getopts} within the same shell
+invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used.
+
+When the end of options is encountered, @code{getopts} exits with a
+return value greater than zero.
+@env{OPTIND} is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
+and @var{name} is set to @samp{?}.
+
+@code{getopts}
+normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
+given in @var{args}, @code{getopts} parses those instead.
+
+@code{getopts} can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
+@var{optstring} is a colon, @var{silent}
+error reporting is used. In normal operation, diagnostic messages
+are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
+encountered.
+If the variable @env{OPTERR}
+is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
+character of @code{optstring} is not a colon.
+
+If an invalid option is seen,
+@code{getopts} places @samp{?} into @var{name} and, if not silent,
+prints an error message and unsets @env{OPTARG}.
+If @code{getopts} is silent, the option character found is placed in
+@env{OPTARG} and no diagnostic message is printed.
+
+If a required argument is not found, and @code{getopts}
+is not silent, a question mark (@samp{?}) is placed in @var{name},
+@code{OPTARG} is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
+If @code{getopts} is silent, then a colon (@samp{:}) is placed in
+@var{name} and @env{OPTARG} is set to the option character found.
+
+@item hash
+@btindex hash
+@example
+hash [-r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]
+@end example
+
+Each time @code{hash} is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
+commands specified as @var{name} arguments,
+so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
+The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in
+@env{$PATH}.
+Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded.
+The @option{-p} option inhibits the path search, and @var{filename} is
+used as the location of @var{name}.
+The @option{-r} option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations.
+The @option{-d} option causes the shell to forget the remembered location
+of each @var{name}.
+If the @option{-t} option is supplied, the full pathname to which each
+@var{name} corresponds is printed. If multiple @var{name} arguments are
+supplied with @option{-t} the @var{name} is printed before the hashed
+full pathname.
+The @option{-l} option causes output to be displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+If no arguments are given, or if only @option{-l} is supplied,
+information about remembered commands is printed.
+The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not found or an invalid
+option is supplied.
+
+@item pwd
+@btindex pwd
+@example
+pwd [-LP]
+@end example
+
+Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+If the @option{-P} option is supplied, the pathname printed will not
+contain symbolic links.
+If the @option{-L} option is supplied, the pathname printed may contain
+symbolic links.
+The return status is zero unless an error is encountered while
+determining the name of the current directory or an invalid option
+is supplied.
+
+@item readonly
+@btindex readonly
+@example
+readonly [-aAf] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{}
+@end example
+
+Mark each @var{name} as readonly.
+The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
+If the @option{-f} option is supplied, each @var{name} refers to a shell
+function.
+The @option{-a} option means each @var{name} refers to an indexed
+array variable; the @option{-A} option means each @var{name} refers
+to an associative array variable.
+If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence.
+If no @var{name} arguments are given, or if the @option{-p}
+option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
+The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of
+the set of readonly names.
+The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a format that
+may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of
+the variable is set to @var{value}.
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
+the @var{name} arguments is not a valid shell variable or function name,
+or the @option{-f} option is supplied with a name that is not a shell function.
+
+@item return
+@btindex return
+@example
+return [@var{n}]
+@end example
+
+Cause a shell function to stop executing and return the value @var{n}
+to its caller.
+If @var{n} is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the function.
+@code{return} may also be used to terminate execution of a script
+being executed with the @code{.} (@code{source}) builtin,
+returning either @var{n} or
+the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit
+status of the script.
+If @var{n} is supplied, the return value is its least significant
+8 bits.
+Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed
+before execution resumes after the function or script.
+The return status is non-zero if @code{return} is supplied a non-numeric
+argument or is used outside a function
+and not during the execution of a script by @code{.} or @code{source}.
+
+@item shift
+@btindex shift
+@example
+shift [@var{n}]
+@end example
+
+Shift the positional parameters to the left by @var{n}.
+The positional parameters from @var{n}+1 @dots{} @code{$#} are
+renamed to @code{$1} @dots{} @code{$#}-@var{n}.
+Parameters represented by the numbers @code{$#} to @code{$#}-@var{n}+1
+are unset.
+@var{n} must be a non-negative number less than or equal to @code{$#}.
+If @var{n} is zero or greater than @code{$#}, the positional parameters
+are not changed.
+If @var{n} is not supplied, it is assumed to be 1.
+The return status is zero unless @var{n} is greater than @code{$#} or
+less than zero, non-zero otherwise.
+
+@item test[B
+@itemx [
+@btindex test
+@btindex [
+@example
+test @var{expr}
+@end example
+
+Evaluate a conditional expression @var{expr} and return a status of 0
+(true) or 1 (false).
+Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
+@ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}.
+@code{test} does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+an argument of @option{--} as signifying the end of options.
+
+When the @code{[} form is used, the last argument to the command must
+be a @code{]}.
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in
+decreasing order of precedence.
+The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below.
+Operator precedence is used when there are five or more arguments.
+
+@table @code
+@item ! @var{expr}
+True if @var{expr} is false.
+
+@item ( @var{expr} )
+Returns the value of @var{expr}.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+
+@item @var{expr1} -a @var{expr2}
+True if both @var{expr1} and @var{expr2} are true.
+
+@item @var{expr1} -o @var{expr2}
+True if either @var{expr1} or @var{expr2} is true.
+@end table
+
+The @code{test} and @code{[} builtins evaluate conditional
+expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
+
+@table @asis
+@item 0 arguments
+The expression is false.
+
+@item 1 argument
+The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
+
+@item 2 arguments
+If the first argument is @samp{!}, the expression is true if and
+only if the second argument is null.
+If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators
+(@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the expression
+is true if the unary test is true.
+If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is
+false.
+
+@item 3 arguments
+The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
+If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+operators (@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the
+result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
+first and third arguments as operands.
+The @samp{-a} and @samp{-o} operators are considered binary operators
+when there are three arguments.
+If the first argument is @samp{!}, the value is the negation of
+the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
+If the first argument is exactly @samp{(} and the third argument is
+exactly @samp{)}, the result is the one-argument test of the second
+argument.
+Otherwise, the expression is false.
+
+@item 4 arguments
+If the first argument is @samp{!}, the result is the negation of
+the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.
+Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+precedence using the rules listed above.
+
+@item 5 or more arguments
+The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
+using the rules listed above.
+@end table
+
+When used with @code{test} or @samp{[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>}
+operators sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
+
+@item times
+@btindex times
+@example
+times
+@end example
+
+Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
+The return status is zero.
+
+@item trap
+@btindex trap
+@example
+trap [-lp] [@var{arg}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+The commands in @var{arg} are to be read and executed when the
+shell receives signal @var{sigspec}. If @var{arg} is absent (and
+there is a single @var{sigspec}) or
+equal to @samp{-}, each specified signal's disposition is reset
+to the value it had when the shell was started.
+If @var{arg} is the null string, then the signal specified by
+each @var{sigspec} is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
+If @var{arg} is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied,
+the shell displays the trap commands associated with each @var{sigspec}.
+If no arguments are supplied, or
+only @option{-p} is given, @code{trap} prints the list of commands
+associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
+shell input.
+The @option{-l} option causes the shell to print a list of signal names
+and their corresponding numbers.
+Each @var{sigspec} is either a signal name or a signal number.
+Signal names are case insensitive and the @code{SIG} prefix is optional.
+
+If a @var{sigspec}
+is @code{0} or @code{EXIT}, @var{arg} is executed when the shell exits.
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{DEBUG}, the command @var{arg} is executed
+before every simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} command,
+@code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and before
+the first command executes in a shell function.
+Refer to the description of the @code{extdebug} option to the
+@code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}) for details of its
+effect on the @code{DEBUG} trap.
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{RETURN}, the command @var{arg} is executed
+each time a shell function or a script executed with the @code{.} or
+@code{source} builtins finishes executing.
+
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{ERR}, the command @var{arg}
+is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
+subject to the following conditions.
+The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
+part of the test following the @code{if} or @code{elif} reserved words,
+part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list,
+or if the command's return
+status is being inverted using @code{!}.
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the @code{errexit} option.
+
+Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
+values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created.
+
+The return status is zero unless a @var{sigspec} does not specify a
+valid signal.
+
+@item umask
+@btindex umask
+@example
+umask [-p] [-S] [@var{mode}]
+@end example
+
+Set the shell process's file creation mask to @var{mode}. If
+@var{mode} begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;
+if not, it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
+to that accepted by the @code{chmod} command. If @var{mode} is
+omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. If the @option{-S}
+option is supplied without a @var{mode} argument, the mask is printed
+in a symbolic format.
+If the @option{-p} option is supplied, and @var{mode}
+is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
+The return status is zero if the mode is successfully changed or if
+no @var{mode} argument is supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
+
+Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number
+of the umask is subtracted from @code{7}. Thus, a umask of @code{022}
+results in permissions of @code{755}.
+
+@item unset
+@btindex unset
+@example
+unset [-fv] [@var{name}]
+@end example
+
+Remove each variable or function @var{name}.
+If the @option{-v} option is given, each
+@var{name} refers to a shell variable and that variable is remvoved.
+If the @option{-f} option is given, the @var{name}s refer to shell
+functions, and the function definition is removed.
+If no options are supplied, each @var{name} refers to a variable; if
+there is no variable by that name, any function with that name is
+unset.
+Readonly variables and functions may not be unset.
+The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is readonly.
+@end table
+
+@node Bash Builtins
+@section Bash Builtin Commands
+
+This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
+or have been extended in Bash.
+Some of these commands are specified in the @sc{posix} standard.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item alias
+@btindex alias
+@example
+alias [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Without arguments or with the @option{-p} option, @code{alias} prints
+the list of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows
+them to be reused as input.
+If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each @var{name}
+whose @var{value} is given. If no @var{value} is given, the name
+and value of the alias is printed.
+Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}.
+
+@item bind
+@btindex bind
+@example
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-lpsvPSVX]
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-q @var{function}] [-u @var{function}] [-r @var{keyseq}]
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] -f @var{filename}
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:function-name}
+bind @var{readline-command}
+@end example
+
+Display current Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing})
+key and function bindings,
+bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro,
+or set a Readline variable.
+Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
+Readline initialization file (@pxref{Readline Init File}),
+but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
+@samp{"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file}.
+
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -m @var{keymap}
+Use @var{keymap} as the keymap to be affected by
+the subsequent bindings. Acceptable @var{keymap}
+names are
+@code{emacs},
+@code{emacs-standard},
+@code{emacs-meta},
+@code{emacs-ctlx},
+@code{vi},
+@code{vi-move},
+@code{vi-command}, and
+@code{vi-insert}.
+@code{vi} is equivalent to @code{vi-command};
+@code{emacs} is equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}.
+
+@item -l
+List the names of all Readline functions.
+
+@item -p
+Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they
+can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
+
+@item -P
+List current Readline function names and bindings.
+
+@item -v
+Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they
+can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
+
+@item -V
+List current Readline variable names and values.
+
+@item -s
+Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output
+in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline
+initialization file.
+
+@item -S
+Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output.
+
+@item -f @var{filename}
+Read key bindings from @var{filename}.
+
+@item -q @var{function}
+Query about which keys invoke the named @var{function}.
+
+@item -u @var{function}
+Unbind all keys bound to the named @var{function}.
+
+@item -r @var{keyseq}
+Remove any current binding for @var{keyseq}.
+
+@item -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}
+Cause @var{shell-command} to be executed whenever @var{keyseq} is
+entered.
+When @var{shell-command} is executed, the shell sets the
+@code{READLINE_LINE} variable to the contents of the Readline line
+buffer and the @code{READLINE_POINT} variable to the current location
+of the insertion point.
+If the executed command changes the value of @code{READLINE_LINE} or
+@code{READLINE_POINT}, those new values will be reflected in the
+editing state.
+
+@item -X
+List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
+in a format that can be reused as input.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an
+error occurs.
+
+@item builtin
+@btindex builtin
+@example
+builtin [@var{shell-builtin} [@var{args}]]
+@end example
+
+Run a shell builtin, passing it @var{args}, and return its exit status.
+This is useful when defining a shell function with the same
+name as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within
+the function.
+The return status is non-zero if @var{shell-builtin} is not a shell
+builtin command.
+
+@item caller
+@btindex caller
+@example
+caller [@var{expr}]
+@end example
+
+Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+a script executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins).
+
+Without @var{expr}, @code{caller} displays the line number and source
+filename of the current subroutine call.
+If a non-negative integer is supplied as @var{expr}, @code{caller}
+displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
+to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
+information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
+current frame is frame 0.
+
+The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
+call or @var{expr} does not correspond to a valid position in the
+call stack.
+
+@item command
+@btindex command
+@example
+command [-pVv] @var{command} [@var{arguments} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Runs @var{command} with @var{arguments} ignoring any shell function
+named @var{command}.
+Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching the
+@env{PATH} are executed.
+If there is a shell function named @code{ls}, running @samp{command ls}
+within the function will execute the external command @code{ls}
+instead of calling the function recursively.
+The @option{-p} option means to use a default value for @env{PATH}
+that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
+The return status in this case is 127 if @var{command} cannot be
+found or an error occurred, and the exit status of @var{command}
+otherwise.
+
+If either the @option{-V} or @option{-v} option is supplied, a
+description of @var{command} is printed. The @option{-v} option
+causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to
+invoke @var{command} to be displayed; the @option{-V} option produces
+a more verbose description. In this case, the return status is
+zero if @var{command} is found, and non-zero if not.
+
+@item declare
+@btindex declare
+@example
+declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Declare variables and give them attributes. If no @var{name}s
+are given, then display the values of variables instead.
+
+The @option{-p} option will display the attributes and values of each
+@var{name}.
+When @option{-p} is used with @var{name} arguments, additional options
+are ignored.
+
+When @option{-p} is supplied without @var{name} arguments, @code{declare}
+will display the attributes and values of all variables having the
+attributes specified by the additional options.
+If no other options are supplied with @option{-p}, @code{declare} will
+display the attributes and values of all shell variables. The @option{-f}
+option will restrict the display to shell functions.
+
+The @option{-F} option inhibits the display of function definitions;
+only the function name and attributes are printed.
+If the @code{extdebug} shell option is enabled using @code{shopt}
+(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), the source file name and line number where
+the function is defined are displayed as well.
+@option{-F} implies @option{-f}.
+
+The @option{-g} option forces variables to be created or modified at
+the global scope, even when @code{declare} is executed in a shell function.
+It is ignored in all other cases.
+
+The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with
+the specified attributes or to give variables attributes:
+
+@table @code
+@item -a
+Each @var{name} is an indexed array variable (@pxref{Arrays}).
+
+@item -A
+Each @var{name} is an associative array variable (@pxref{Arrays}).
+
+@item -f
+Use function names only.
+
+@item -i
+The variable is to be treated as
+an integer; arithmetic evaluation (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}) is
+performed when the variable is assigned a value.
+
+@item -l
+When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case characters are
+converted to lower-case.
+The upper-case attribute is disabled.
+
+@item -r
+Make @var{name}s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
+by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
+
+@item -t
+Give each @var{name} the @code{trace} attribute.
+Traced functions inherit the @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps from
+the calling shell.
+The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
+
+@item -u
+When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case characters are
+converted to upper-case.
+The lower-case attribute is disabled.
+
+@item -x
+Mark each @var{name} for export to subsequent commands via
+the environment.
+@end table
+
+Using @samp{+} instead of @samp{-} turns off the attribute instead,
+with the exceptions that @samp{+a}
+may not be used to destroy an array variable and @samp{+r} will not
+remove the readonly attribute.
+When used in a function, @code{declare} makes each @var{name} local,
+as with the @code{local} command, unless the @option{-g} option is used.
+If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of the variable
+is set to @var{value}.
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered,
+an attempt is made to define a function using @samp{-f foo=bar},
+an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
+using the compound assignment syntax (@pxref{Arrays}),
+one of the @var{names} is not a valid shell variable name,
+an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
+or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with @option{-f}.
+
+@item echo
+@btindex echo
+@example
+echo [-neE] [@var{arg} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Output the @var{arg}s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
+newline.
+The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs.
+If @option{-n} is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed.
+If the @option{-e} option is given, interpretation of the following
+backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+The @option{-E} option disables the interpretation of these escape characters,
+even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+The @code{xpg_echo} shell option may be used to
+dynamically determine whether or not @code{echo} expands these
+escape characters by default.
+@code{echo} does not interpret @option{--} to mean the end of options.
+
+@code{echo} interprets the following escape sequences:
+@table @code
+@item \a
+alert (bell)
+@item \b
+backspace
+@item \c
+suppress further output
+@item \e
+@itemx \E
+escape
+@item \f
+form feed
+@item \n
+new line
+@item \r
+carriage return
+@item \t
+horizontal tab
+@item \v
+vertical tab
+@item \\
+backslash
+@item \0@var{nnn}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
+(zero to three octal digits)
+@item \x@var{HH}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH}
+(one or two hex digits)
+@item \u@var{HHHH}
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+@var{HHHH} (one to four hex digits)
+@item \U@var{HHHHHHHH}
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+@var{HHHHHHHH} (one to eight hex digits)
+@end table
+
+@item enable
+@btindex enable
+@example
+enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f @var{filename}] [@var{name} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
+Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
+as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
+even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+If @option{-n} is used, the @var{name}s become disabled. Otherwise
+@var{name}s are enabled. For example, to use the @code{test} binary
+found via @env{$PATH} instead of the shell builtin version, type
+@samp{enable -n test}.
+
+If the @option{-p} option is supplied, or no @var{name} arguments appear,
+a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list
+consists of all enabled shell builtins.
+The @option{-a} option means to list
+each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled.
+
+The @option{-f} option means to load the new builtin command @var{name}
+from shared object @var{filename}, on systems that support dynamic loading.
+The @option{-d} option will delete a builtin loaded with @option{-f}.
+
+If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed.
+The @option{-s} option restricts @code{enable} to the @sc{posix} special
+builtins. If @option{-s} is used with @option{-f}, the new builtin becomes
+a special builtin (@pxref{Special Builtins}).
+
+The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not a shell builtin
+or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
+
+@item help
+@btindex help
+@example
+help [-dms] [@var{pattern}]
+@end example
+
+Display helpful information about builtin commands.
+If @var{pattern} is specified, @code{help} gives detailed help
+on all commands matching @var{pattern}, otherwise a list of
+the builtins is printed.
+
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -d
+Display a short description of each @var{pattern}
+@item -m
+Display the description of each @var{pattern} in a manpage-like format
+@item -s
+Display only a short usage synopsis for each @var{pattern}
+@end table
+
+The return status is zero unless no command matches @var{pattern}.
+
+@item let
+@btindex let
+@example
+let @var{expression} [@var{expression} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+The @code{let} builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
+variables. Each @var{expression} is evaluated according to the
+rules given below in @ref{Shell Arithmetic}. If the
+last @var{expression} evaluates to 0, @code{let} returns 1;
+otherwise 0 is returned.
+
+@item local
+@btindex local
+@example
+local [@var{option}] @var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}
+@end example
+
+For each argument, a local variable named @var{name} is created,
+and assigned @var{value}.
+The @var{option} can be any of the options accepted by @code{declare}.
+@code{local} can only be used within a function; it makes the variable
+@var{name} have a visible scope restricted to that function and its
+children. The return status is zero unless @code{local} is used outside
+a function, an invalid @var{name} is supplied, or @var{name} is a
+readonly variable.
+
+@item logout
+@btindex logout
+@example
+logout [@var{n}]
+@end example
+
+Exit a login shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's
+parent.
+
+@item mapfile
+@btindex mapfile
+@example
+mapfile [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}]
+ [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
+@end example
+
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array},
+or from file descriptor @var{fd}
+if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
+The variable @code{MAPFILE} is the default @var{array}.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item -n
+Copy at most @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is 0, all lines are copied.
+@item -O
+Begin assigning to @var{array} at index @var{origin}.
+The default index is 0.
+@item -s
+Discard the first @var{count} lines read.
+@item -t
+Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
+@item -u
+Read lines from file descriptor @var{fd} instead of the standard input.
+@item -C
+Evaluate @var{callback} each time @var{quantum}P lines are read.
+The @option{-c} option specifies @var{quantum}.
+@item -c
+Specify the number of lines read between each call to @var{callback}.
+@end table
+
+If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c},
+the default quantum is 5000.
+When @var{callback} is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element
+as additional arguments.
+@var{callback} is evaluated after the line is read but before the
+array element is assigned.
+
+If not supplied with an explicit origin, @code{mapfile} will clear @var{array}
+before assigning to it.
+
+@code{mapfile} returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+argument is supplied, @var{array} is invalid or unassignable, or @var{array}
+is not an indexed array.
+
+@item printf
+@btindex printf
+@example
+printf [-v @var{var}] @var{format} [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+
+Write the formatted @var{arguments} to the standard output under the
+control of the @var{format}.
+The @option{-v} option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+@var{var} rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
+The @var{format} is a character string which contains three types of objects:
+plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
+escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
+format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
+@var{argument}.
+In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} formats, @code{printf}
+interprets the following extensions:
+
+@table @code
+@item %b
+Causes @code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+corresponding @var{argument},
+except that @samp{\c} terminates output, backslashes in
+@samp{\'}, @samp{\"}, and @samp{\?} are not removed, and octal escapes
+beginning with @samp{\0} may contain up to four digits.
+@item %q
+Causes @code{printf} to output the
+corresponding @var{argument} in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+@item %(@var{datefmt})T
+Causes @code{printf} to output the date-time string resulting from using
+@var{datefmt} as a format string for @code{strftime}(3). The corresponding
+@var{argument} is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
+epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
+time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language constants,
+except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading
+character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of
+the following character.
+
+The @var{format} is reused as necessary to consume all of the @var{arguments}.
+If the @var{format} requires more @var{arguments} than are supplied, the
+extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
+appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
+non-zero on failure.
+
+@item read
+@btindex read
+@example
+read [-ers] [-a @var{aname}] [-d @var{delim}] [-i @var{text}] [-n @var{nchars}]
+ [-N @var{nchars}] [-p @var{prompt}] [-t @var{timeout}] [-u @var{fd}] [@var{name} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
+@var{fd} supplied as an argument to the @option{-u} option, and the first word
+is assigned to the first @var{name}, the second word to the second @var{name},
+and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
+to the last @var{name}.
+If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
+the remaining names are assigned empty values.
+The characters in the value of the @env{IFS} variable
+are used to split the line into words.
+The backslash character @samp{\} may be used to remove any special
+meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
+If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the
+variable @env{REPLY}.
+The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, @code{read}
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128),
+a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs,
+or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to @option{-u}.
+
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -a @var{aname}
+The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable
+@var{aname}, starting at 0.
+All elements are removed from @var{aname} before the assignment.
+Other @var{name} arguments are ignored.
+
+@item -d @var{delim}
+The first character of @var{delim} is used to terminate the input line,
+rather than newline.
+
+@item -e
+Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to obtain the line.
+Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
+active) editing settings.
+
+@item -i @var{text}
+If Readline is being used to read the line, @var{text} is placed into
+the editing buffer before editing begins.
+
+@item -n @var{nchars}
+@code{read} returns after reading @var{nchars} characters rather than
+waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delimiter if fewer
+than @var{nchars} characters are read before the delimiter.
+
+@item -N @var{nchars}
+@code{read} returns after reading exactly @var{nchars} characters rather
+than waiting for a complete line of input, unless EOF is encountered or
+@code{read} times out.
+Delimiter characters encountered in the input are
+not treated specially and do not cause @code{read} to return until
+@var{nchars} characters are read.
+
+@item -p @var{prompt}
+Display @var{prompt}, without a trailing newline, before attempting
+to read any input.
+The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
+
+@item -r
+If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character.
+The backslash is considered to be part of the line.
+In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+continuation.
+
+@item -s
+Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are
+not echoed.
+
+@item -t @var{timeout}
+Cause @code{read} to time out and return failure if a complete line of
+input is not read within @var{timeout} seconds.
+@var{timeout} may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
+the decimal point.
+This option is only effective if @code{read} is reading input from a
+terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
+from regular files.
+If @var{timeout} is 0, @code{read} returns immediately, without trying to
+read and data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
+the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
+The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+
+@item -u @var{fd}
+Read input from file descriptor @var{fd}.
+@end table
+
+@item readarray
+@btindex readarray
+@example
+readarray [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}]
+ [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
+@end example
+
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array},
+or from file descriptor @var{fd}
+if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
+
+A synonym for @code{mapfile}.
+
+@item source
+@btindex source
+@example
+source @var{filename}
+@end example
+
+A synonym for @code{.} (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item type
+@btindex type
+@example
+type [-afptP] [@var{name} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+For each @var{name}, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
+command name.
+
+If the @option{-t} option is used, @code{type} prints a single word
+which is one of @samp{alias}, @samp{function}, @samp{builtin},
+@samp{file} or @samp{keyword},
+if @var{name} is an alias, shell function, shell builtin,
+disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively.
+If the @var{name} is not found, then nothing is printed, and
+@code{type} returns a failure status.
+
+If the @option{-p} option is used, @code{type} either returns the name
+of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if @option{-t}
+would not return @samp{file}.
+
+The @option{-P} option forces a path search for each @var{name}, even if
+@option{-t} would not return @samp{file}.
+
+If a command is hashed, @option{-p} and @option{-P} print the hashed value,
+which is not necessarily the file that appears first in @code{$PATH}.
+
+If the @option{-a} option is used, @code{type} returns all of the places
+that contain an executable named @var{file}.
+This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the @option{-p} option
+is not also used.
+
+If the @option{-f} option is used, @code{type} does not attempt to find
+shell functions, as with the @code{command} builtin.
+
+The return status is zero if all of the @var{names} are found, non-zero
+if any are not found.
+
+@item typeset
+@btindex typeset
+@example
+typeset [-afFgrxilrtux] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+The @code{typeset} command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
+shell.
+It is a synonym for the @code{declare} builtin command.
+
+@item ulimit
+@btindex ulimit
+@example
+ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [@var{limit}]
+@end example
+
+@code{ulimit} provides control over the resources available to processes
+started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
+option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
+
+@table @code
+@item -S
+Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource.
+
+@item -H
+Change and report the hard limit associated with a resource.
+
+@item -a
+All current limits are reported.
+
+@item -b
+The maximum socket buffer size.
+
+@item -c
+The maximum size of core files created.
+
+@item -d
+The maximum size of a process's data segment.
+
+@item -e
+The maximum scheduling priority ("nice").
+
+@item -f
+The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children.
+
+@item -i
+The maximum number of pending signals.
+
+@item -l
+The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
+
+@item -m
+The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit).
+
+@item -n
+The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
+allow this value to be set).
+
+@item -p
+The pipe buffer size.
+
+@item -q
+The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.
+
+@item -r
+The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
+
+@item -s
+The maximum stack size.
+
+@item -t
+The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.
+
+@item -u
+The maximum number of processes available to a single user.
+
+@item -v
+The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell, and, on
+some systems, to its children.
+
+@item -x
+The maximum number of file locks.
+
+@item -T
+The maximum number of threads.
+@end table
+
+If @var{limit} is given, and the @option{-a} option is not used,
+@var{limit} is the new value of the specified resource.
+The special @var{limit} values @code{hard}, @code{soft}, and
+@code{unlimited} stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
+and no limit, respectively.
+A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set;
+a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.
+Otherwise, the current value of the soft limit for the specified resource
+is printed, unless the @option{-H} option is supplied.
+When setting new limits, if neither @option{-H} nor @option{-S} is supplied,
+both the hard and soft limits are set.
+If no option is given, then @option{-f} is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte
+increments, except for @option{-t}, which is in seconds; @option{-p},
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks; and @option{-T}, @option{-b},
+@option{-n} and @option{-u}, which are unscaled values.
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
+or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+
+@item unalias
+@btindex unalias
+@example
+unalias [-a] [@var{name} @dots{} ]
+@end example
+
+Remove each @var{name} from the list of aliases. If @option{-a} is
+supplied, all aliases are removed.
+Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}.
+@end table
+
+@node Modifying Shell Behavior
+@section Modifying Shell Behavior
+
+@menu
+* The Set Builtin:: Change the values of shell attributes and
+ positional parameters.
+* The Shopt Builtin:: Modify shell optional behavior.
+@end menu
+
+@node The Set Builtin
+@subsection The Set Builtin
+
+This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. @code{set}
+allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional
+parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
+
+@table @code
+@item set
+@btindex set
+@example
+set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o @var{option-name}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+If no options or arguments are supplied, @code{set} displays the names
+and values of all shell variables and functions, sorted according to the
+current locale, in a format that may be reused as input
+for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
+Read-only variables cannot be reset.
+In @sc{posix} mode, only shell variables are listed.
+
+When options are supplied, they set or unset shell attributes.
+Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -a
+Mark variables and function which are modified or created for export
+to the environment of subsequent commands.
+
+@item -b
+Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported
+immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt.
+
+@item -e
+Exit immediately if
+a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}), which may consist of a single simple command
+(@pxref{Simple Commands}),
+a list (@pxref{Lists}),
+or a compound command (@pxref{Compound Commands})
+returns a non-zero status.
+The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
+command list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until} keyword,
+part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
+part of any command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list except
+the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
+any command in a pipeline but the last,
+or if the command's return status is being inverted with @code{!}.
+If a compound command other than a subshell
+returns a non-zero status because a command failed
+while @option{-e} was being ignored, the shell does not exit.
+A trap on @code{ERR}, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+
+This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
+separately (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and may cause
+subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
+
+@item -f
+Disable filename expansion (globbing).
+
+@item -h
+Locate and remember (hash) commands as they are looked up for execution.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item -k
+All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed
+in the environment for a command, not just those that precede
+the command name.
+
+@item -m
+Job control is enabled (@pxref{Job Control}).
+All processes run in a separate process group.
+When a background job completes, the shell prints a line
+containing its exit status.
+
+@item -n
+Read commands but do not execute them; this may be used to check a
+script for syntax errors.
+This option is ignored by interactive shells.
+
+@item -o @var{option-name}
+
+Set the option corresponding to @var{option-name}:
+
+@table @code
+@item allexport
+Same as @code{-a}.
+
+@item braceexpand
+Same as @code{-B}.
+
+@item emacs
+Use an @code{emacs}-style line editing interface (@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
+This also affects the editing interface used for @code{read -e}.
+
+@item errexit
+Same as @code{-e}.
+
+@item errtrace
+Same as @code{-E}.
+
+@item functrace
+Same as @code{-T}.
+
+@item hashall
+Same as @code{-h}.
+
+@item histexpand
+Same as @code{-H}.
+
+@item history
+Enable command history, as described in @ref{Bash History Facilities}.
+This option is on by default in interactive shells.
+
+@item ignoreeof
+An interactive shell will not exit upon reading EOF.
+
+@item keyword
+Same as @code{-k}.
+
+@item monitor
+Same as @code{-m}.
+
+@item noclobber
+Same as @code{-C}.
+
+@item noexec
+Same as @code{-n}.
+
+@item noglob
+Same as @code{-f}.
+
+@item nolog
+Currently ignored.
+
+@item notify
+Same as @code{-b}.
+
+@item nounset
+Same as @code{-u}.
+
+@item onecmd
+Same as @code{-t}.
+
+@item physical
+Same as @code{-P}.
+
+@item pipefail
+If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last
+(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all
+commands in the pipeline exit successfully.
+This option is disabled by default.
+
+@item posix
+Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard
+(@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+standard.
+
+@item privileged
+Same as @code{-p}.
+
+@item verbose
+Same as @code{-v}.
+
+@item vi
+Use a @code{vi}-style line editing interface.
+This also affects the editing interface used for @code{read -e}.
+
+@item xtrace
+Same as @code{-x}.
+@end table
+
+@item -p
+Turn on privileged mode.
+In this mode, the @env{$BASH_ENV} and @env{$ENV} files are not
+processed, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
+and the @env{SHELLOPTS}, @env{BASHOPTS}, @env{CDPATH} and @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
+If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the @option{-p} option is not supplied, these actions
+are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the @option{-p} option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+not reset.
+Turning this option off causes the effective user
+and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+
+@item -t
+Exit after reading and executing one command.
+
+@item -u
+Treat unset variables and parameters other than the special parameters
+@samp{@@} or @samp{*} as an error when performing parameter expansion.
+An error message will be written to the standard error, and a non-interactive
+shell will exit.
+
+@item -v
+Print shell input lines as they are read.
+
+@item -x
+Print a trace of simple commands, @code{for} commands, @code{case}
+commands, @code{select} commands, and arithmetic @code{for} commands
+and their arguments or associated word lists after they are
+expanded and before they are executed. The value of the @env{PS4}
+variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before
+the command and its expanded arguments.
+
+@item -B
+The shell will perform brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}).
+This option is on by default.
+
+@item -C
+Prevent output redirection using @samp{>}, @samp{>&}, and @samp{<>}
+from overwriting existing files.
+
+@item -E
+If set, any trap on @code{ERR} is inherited by shell functions, command
+substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
+The @code{ERR} trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
+
+@item -H
+Enable @samp{!} style history substitution (@pxref{History Interaction}).
+This option is on by default for interactive shells.
+
+@item -P
+If set, do not resolve symbolic links when performing commands such as
+@code{cd} which change the current directory. The physical directory
+is used instead. By default, Bash follows
+the logical chain of directories when performing commands
+which change the current directory.
+
+For example, if @file{/usr/sys} is a symbolic link to @file{/usr/local/sys}
+then:
+@example
+$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
+/usr/sys
+$ cd ..; pwd
+/usr
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+If @code{set -P} is on, then:
+@example
+$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
+/usr/local/sys
+$ cd ..; pwd
+/usr/local
+@end example
+
+@item -T
+If set, any trap on @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} are inherited by
+shell functions, command substitutions, and commands executed
+in a subshell environment.
+The @code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps are normally not inherited
+in such cases.
+
+@item --
+If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are
+unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the
+@var{arguments}, even if some of them begin with a @samp{-}.
+
+@item -
+Signal the end of options, cause all remaining @var{arguments}
+to be assigned to the positional parameters. The @option{-x}
+and @option{-v} options are turned off.
+If there are no arguments, the positional parameters remain unchanged.
+@end table
+
+Using @samp{+} rather than @samp{-} causes these options to be
+turned off. The options can also be used upon invocation of the
+shell. The current set of options may be found in @code{$-}.
+
+The remaining N @var{arguments} are positional parameters and are
+assigned, in order, to @code{$1}, @code{$2}, @dots{} @code{$N}.
+The special parameter @code{#} is set to N.
+
+The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied.
+@end table
+
+@node The Shopt Builtin
+@subsection The Shopt Builtin
+
+This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item shopt
+@btindex shopt
+@example
+shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [@var{optname} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
+With no options, or with the @option{-p} option, a list of all settable
+options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.
+The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a form that
+may be reused as input.
+Other options have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -s
+Enable (set) each @var{optname}.
+
+@item -u
+Disable (unset) each @var{optname}.
+
+@item -q
+Suppresses normal output; the return status
+indicates whether the @var{optname} is set or unset.
+If multiple @var{optname} arguments are given with @option{-q},
+the return status is zero if all @var{optnames} are enabled;
+non-zero otherwise.
+
+@item -o
+Restricts the values of
+@var{optname} to be those defined for the @option{-o} option to the
+@code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+@end table
+
+If either @option{-s} or @option{-u}
+is used with no @var{optname} arguments, @code{shopt} shows only
+those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+
+Unless otherwise noted, the @code{shopt} options are disabled (off)
+by default.
+
+The return status when listing options is zero if all @var{optnames}
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
+the return status is zero unless an @var{optname} is not a valid shell
+option.
+
+The list of @code{shopt} options is:
+@table @code
+
+@item autocd
+If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is executed as if
+it were the argument to the @code{cd} command.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+
+@item cdable_vars
+If this is set, an argument to the @code{cd} builtin command that
+is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose
+value is the directory to change to.
+
+@item cdspell
+If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a
+@code{cd} command will be corrected.
+The errors checked for are transposed characters,
+a missing character, and a character too many.
+If a correction is found, the corrected path is printed,
+and the command proceeds.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+
+@item checkhash
+If this is set, Bash checks that a command found in the hash
+table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
+longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
+
+@item checkjobs
+If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
+exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
+the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
+intervening command (@pxref{Job Control}).
+The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
+
+@item checkwinsize
+If set, Bash checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of
+@env{LINES} and @env{COLUMNS}.
+
+@item cmdhist
+If set, Bash
+attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
+command in the same history entry. This allows
+easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
+
+@item compat31
+If set, Bash
+changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
+arguments to the conditional command's @samp{=~} operator
+and with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the @samp{[[}
+conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators.
+Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3);
+bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
+
+@item compat32
+If set, Bash
+changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the @samp{[[}
+conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators (see previous item).
+
+@item compat40
+If set, Bash
+changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the @samp{[[}
+conditional command's @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators (see description
+of @code{compat31})
+and the effect of interrupting a command list.
+Bash versions 4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell received the
+interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list.
+
+@item compat41
+If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
+(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
+quoted. This is the behavior of @sc{posix} mode through version 4.1.
+The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+
+@item complete_fullquote
+If set, Bash
+quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when
+performing completion.
+If not set, Bash
+removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of
+characters that will be quoted in completed filenames
+when these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in words to be
+completed.
+This means that dollar signs in variable names that expand to directories
+will not be quoted;
+however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either.
+This is active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed
+filenames.
+This variable is set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in
+versions through 4.2.
+
+@item direxpand
+If set, Bash
+replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing
+filename completion. This changes the contents of the readline editing
+buffer.
+If not set, Bash attempts to preserve what the user typed.
+
+@item dirspell
+If set, Bash
+attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
+if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
+
+@item dotglob
+If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+the results of filename expansion.
+
+@item execfail
+If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if
+it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the @code{exec}
+builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if @code{exec}
+fails.
+
+@item expand_aliases
+If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
+@ref{Aliases}.
+This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
+
+@item extdebug
+If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+The @option{-F} option to the @code{declare} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins})
+displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function
+name supplied as an argument.
+
+@item
+If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a non-zero value, the
+next command is skipped and not executed.
+
+@item
+If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a value of 2, and the
+shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script
+executed by the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins), a call to
+@code{return} is simulated.
+
+@item
+@code{BASH_ARGC} and @code{BASH_ARGV} are updated as described in their
+descriptions (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
+@item
+Function tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
+subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the
+@code{DEBUG} and @code{RETURN} traps.
+
+@item
+Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and
+subshells invoked with @code{( @var{command} )} inherit the
+@code{ERR} trap.
+@end enumerate
+
+@item extglob
+If set, the extended pattern matching features described above
+(@pxref{Pattern Matching}) are enabled.
+
+@item extquote
+If set, @code{$'@var{string}'} and @code{$"@var{string}"} quoting is
+performed within @code{$@{@var{parameter}@}} expansions
+enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item failglob
+If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during filename expansion
+result in an expansion error.
+
+@item force_fignore
+If set, the suffixes specified by the @env{FIGNORE} shell variable
+cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
+the ignored words are the only possible completions.
+@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of @env{FIGNORE}.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item globasciiranges
+If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (@pxref{Pattern Matching})
+behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing
+comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating sequence
+is not taken into account, so
+@samp{b} will not collate between @samp{A} and @samp{B},
+and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
+
+@item globstar
+If set, the pattern @samp{**} used in a filename expansion context will
+match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+If the pattern is followed by a @samp{/}, only directories and
+subdirectories match.
+
+@item gnu_errfmt
+If set, shell error messages are written in the standard @sc{gnu} error
+message format.
+
+@item histappend
+If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
+of the @env{HISTFILE}
+variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
+
+@item histreedit
+If set, and Readline
+is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a
+failed history substitution.
+
+@item histverify
+If set, and Readline
+is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately
+passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into
+the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification.
+
+@item hostcomplete
+If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform
+hostname completion when a word containing a @samp{@@} is being
+completed (@pxref{Commands For Completion}). This option is enabled
+by default.
+
+@item huponexit
+If set, Bash will send @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when an interactive
+login shell exits (@pxref{Signals}).
+
+@item interactive_comments
+Allow a word beginning with @samp{#}
+to cause that word and all remaining characters on that
+line to be ignored in an interactive shell.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item lastpipe
+If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of
+a pipeline not executed in the background in the current shell environment.
+
+@item lithist
+If enabled, and the @code{cmdhist}
+option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
+embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
+
+@item login_shell
+The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
+(@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
+The value may not be changed.
+
+@item mailwarn
+If set, and a file that Bash is checking for mail has been
+accessed since the last time it was checked, the message
+@code{"The mail in @var{mailfile} has been read"} is displayed.
+
+@item no_empty_cmd_completion
+If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will not attempt to search
+the @env{PATH} for possible completions when completion is attempted
+on an empty line.
+
+@item nocaseglob
+If set, Bash matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when
+performing filename expansion.
+
+@item nocasematch
+If set, Bash matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when
+performing matching while executing @code{case} or @code{[[}
+conditional commands.
+
+@item nullglob
+If set, Bash allows filename patterns which match no
+files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
+
+@item progcomp
+If set, the programmable completion facilities
+(@pxref{Programmable Completion}) are enabled.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item promptvars
+If set, prompt strings undergo
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal after being expanded
+as described below (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}).
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item restricted_shell
+The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
+(@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
+The value may not be changed.
+This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
+the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
+
+@item shift_verbose
+If this is set, the @code{shift}
+builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the
+number of positional parameters.
+
+@item sourcepath
+If set, the @code{source} builtin uses the value of @env{PATH}
+to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item xpg_echo
+If set, the @code{echo} builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
+by default.
+
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The return status when listing options is zero if all @var{optnames}
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise.
+When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an
+@var{optname} is not a valid shell option.
+@end table
+
+@node Special Builtins
+@section Special Builtins
+@cindex special builtin
+
+For historical reasons, the @sc{posix} standard has classified
+several builtin commands as @emph{special}.
+When Bash is executing in @sc{posix} mode, the special builtins
+differ from other builtin commands in three respects:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup.
+
+@item
+If a special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits.
+
+@item
+Assignment statements preceding the command stay in effect in the shell
+environment after the command completes.
+@end enumerate
+
+When Bash is not executing in @sc{posix} mode, these builtins behave no
+differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands.
+The Bash @sc{posix} mode is described in @ref{Bash POSIX Mode}.
+
+These are the @sc{posix} special builtins:
+@example
+@w{break : . continue eval exec exit export readonly return set}
+@w{shift trap unset}
+@end example
+
+@node Shell Variables
+@chapter Shell Variables
+
+@menu
+* Bourne Shell Variables:: Variables which Bash uses in the same way
+ as the Bourne Shell.
+* Bash Variables:: List of variables that exist in Bash.
+@end menu
+
+This chapter describes the shell variables that Bash uses.
+Bash automatically assigns default values to a number of variables.
+
+@node Bourne Shell Variables
+@section Bourne Shell Variables
+
+Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell.
+In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable.
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item CDPATH
+A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for
+the @code{cd} builtin command.
+
+@item HOME
+The current user's home directory; the default for the @code{cd} builtin
+command.
+The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
+(@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
+
+@item IFS
+A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits
+words as part of expansion.
+
+@item MAIL
+If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name
+and the @env{MAILPATH} variable
+is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in
+the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
+
+@item MAILPATH
+A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks
+for new mail.
+Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail
+arrives in the mail file by separating the filename from the message with
+a @samp{?}.
+When used in the text of the message, @code{$_} expands to the name of
+the current mail file.
+
+@item OPTARG
+The value of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} builtin.
+
+@item OPTIND
+The index of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} builtin.
+
+@item PATH
+A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for
+commands.
+A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of @code{PATH} indicates the
+current directory.
+A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
+or trailing colon.
+
+
+@item PS1
+The primary prompt string. The default value is @samp{\s-\v\$ }.
+@xref{Controlling the Prompt}, for the complete list of escape
+sequences that are expanded before @env{PS1} is displayed.
+
+@item PS2
+The secondary prompt string. The default value is @samp{> }.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@node Bash Variables
+@section Bash Variables
+
+These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells
+do not normally treat them specially.
+
+A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters:
+variables for controlling the job control facilities
+(@pxref{Job Control Variables}).
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item BASH
+The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash.
+
+@item BASHOPTS
+A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+the list is a valid argument for the @option{-s} option to the
+@code{shopt} builtin command (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}).
+The options appearing in @env{BASHOPTS} are those reported
+as @samp{on} by @samp{shopt}.
+If this variable is in the environment when Bash
+starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
+reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
+
+@item BASHPID
+Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process.
+This differs from @code{$$} under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+that do not require Bash to be re-initialized.
+
+@item BASH_ALIASES
+An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
+list of aliases as maintained by the @code{alias} builtin.
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array
+elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
+
+@item BASH_ARGC
+An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
+frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
+parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
+with @code{.} or @code{source}) is at the top of the stack. When a
+subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
+@code{BASH_ARGC}.
+The shell sets @code{BASH_ARGC} only when in extended debugging mode
+(see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}
+for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt}
+builtin).
+
+@item BASH_ARGV
+An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
+execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
+is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
+at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
+are pushed onto @code{BASH_ARGV}.
+The shell sets @code{BASH_ARGV} only when in extended debugging mode
+(see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}
+for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt}
+builtin).
+
+@item BASH_CMDS
+An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
+hash table of commands as maintained by the @code{hash} builtin
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array
+elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
+
+@item BASH_COMMAND
+The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
+shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
+in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
+
+@item BASH_ENV
+If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
+script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
+to read before executing the script. @xref{Bash Startup Files}.
+
+@item BASH_EXECUTION_STRING
+The command argument to the @option{-c} invocation option.
+
+@item BASH_LINENO
+An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
+where each corresponding member of @var{FUNCNAME} was invoked.
+@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file
+(@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}) where
+@code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called (or @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i-1]@}} if
+referenced within another shell function).
+Use @code{LINENO} to obtain the current line number.
+
+@item BASH_REMATCH
+An array variable whose members are assigned by the @samp{=~} binary
+operator to the @code{[[} conditional command
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+The element with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element with index @var{n} is the portion of the
+string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression.
+This variable is read-only.
+
+@item BASH_SOURCE
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the
+corresponding shell function names in the @code{FUNCNAME} array
+variable are defined.
+The shell function @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} is defined in the file
+@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i]@}} and called from @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}}
+
+@item BASH_SUBSHELL
+Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when
+the shell begins executing in that environment.
+The initial value is 0.
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO
+A readonly array variable (@pxref{Arrays})
+whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
+The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[0]
+The major version number (the @var{release}).
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[1]
+The minor version number (the @var{version}).
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[2]
+The patch level.
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[3]
+The build version.
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[4]
+The release status (e.g., @var{beta1}).
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[5]
+The value of @env{MACHTYPE}.
+@end table
+
+@item BASH_VERSION
+The version number of the current instance of Bash.
+
+@item BASH_XTRACEFD
+If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, Bash
+will write the trace output generated when @samp{set -x}
+is enabled to that file descriptor.
+This allows tracing output to be separated from diagnostic and error
+messages.
+The file descriptor is closed when @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} is unset or assigned
+a new value.
+Unsetting @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} or assigning it the empty string causes the
+trace output to be sent to the standard error.
+Note that setting @code{BASH_XTRACEFD} to 2 (the standard error file
+descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error
+being closed.
+
+@item COLUMNS
+Used by the @code{select} command to determine the terminal width
+when printing selection lists. Automatically set by an interactive shell
+upon receipt of a
+@code{SIGWINCH}.
+
+@item COMP_CWORD
+An index into @env{$@{COMP_WORDS@}} of the word containing the current
+cursor position.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMP_LINE
+The current command line.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMP_POINT
+The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
+the current command.
+If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
+the value of this variable is equal to @code{$@{#COMP_LINE@}}.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMP_TYPE
+Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
+that caused a completion function to be called:
+@var{TAB}, for normal completion,
+@samp{?}, for listing completions after successive tabs,
+@samp{!}, for listing alternatives on partial word completion,
+@samp{@@}, to list completions if the word is not unmodified,
+or
+@samp{%}, for menu completion.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMP_KEY
+The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
+completion function.
+
+@item COMP_WORDBREAKS
+The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+separators when performing word completion.
+If @code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} is unset, it loses its special properties,
+even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+@item COMP_WORDS
+An array variable consisting of the individual
+words in the current command line.
+The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
+@code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} as described above.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMPREPLY
+An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
+generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
+facility (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+Each array element contains one possible completion.
+
+@item COPROC
+An array variable created to hold the file descriptors
+for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (@pxref{Coprocesses}).
+
+@item DIRSTACK
+An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack.
+Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
+@code{dirs} builtin.
+Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify
+directories already in the stack, but the @code{pushd} and @code{popd}
+builtins must be used to add and remove directories.
+Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory.
+If @env{DIRSTACK} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
+it is subsequently reset.
+
+@item EMACS
+If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+starts with value @samp{t}, it assumes that the shell is running in an
+Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
+
+@item ENV
+Similar to @code{BASH_ENV}; used when the shell is invoked in
+@sc{posix} Mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+
+@item EUID
+The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable
+is readonly.
+
+@item FCEDIT
+The editor used as a default by the @option{-e} option to the @code{fc}
+builtin command.
+
+@item FIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+filename completion.
+A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
+@env{FIGNORE}
+is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample
+value is @samp{.o:~}
+
+@item FUNCNAME
+An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+currently in the execution call stack.
+The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
+shell function.
+The bottom-most element (the one with the highest index)
+is @code{"main"}.
+This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+Assignments to @env{FUNCNAME} have no effect and return an error status.
+If @env{FUNCNAME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
+it is subsequently reset.
+
+This variable can be used with @code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE}.
+Each element of @code{FUNCNAME} has corresponding elements in
+@code{BASH_LINENO} and @code{BASH_SOURCE} to describe the call stack.
+For instance, @code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i]@}} was called from the file
+@code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]@}} at line number @code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}}.
+The @code{caller} builtin displays the current call stack using this
+information.
+
+@item FUNCNEST
+If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
+nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
+will cause the current command to abort.
+
+@item GLOBIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
+be ignored by filename expansion.
+If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
+of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}, it is removed from the list
+of matches.
+
+@item GROUPS
+An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
+user is a member.
+Assignments to @env{GROUPS} have no effect and return an error status.
+If @env{GROUPS} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+
+@item histchars
+Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
+substitution, and tokenization (@pxref{History Interaction}).
+The first character is the
+@var{history expansion} character, that is, the character which signifies the
+start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}. The second character is the
+character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first
+character on a line, normally @samp{^}. The optional third character is the
+character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when
+found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}. The history
+comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
+parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+
+@item HISTCMD
+The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
+command. If @env{HISTCMD} is unset, it loses its special properties,
+even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+@item HISTCONTROL
+A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
+the history list.
+If the list of values includes @samp{ignorespace}, lines which begin
+with a space character are not saved in the history list.
+A value of @samp{ignoredups} causes lines which match the previous
+history entry to not be saved.
+A value of @samp{ignoreboth} is shorthand for
+@samp{ignorespace} and @samp{ignoredups}.
+A value of @samp{erasedups} causes all previous lines matching the
+current line to be removed from the history list before that line
+is saved.
+Any value not in the above list is ignored.
+If @env{HISTCONTROL} is unset, or does not include a valid value,
+all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
+subject to the value of @env{HISTIGNORE}.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+@env{HISTCONTROL}.
+
+@item HISTFILE
+The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The
+default value is @file{~/.bash_history}.
+
+@item HISTFILESIZE
+The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.
+When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated,
+if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines
+by removing the oldest entries.
+The history file is also truncated to this size after
+writing it when an interactive shell exits.
+If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
+The shell sets the default value to the value of @env{HISTSIZE}
+after reading any startup files.
+
+@item HISTIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
+line (no implicit @samp{*} is appended). Each pattern is tested
+against the line after the checks specified by @env{HISTCONTROL}
+are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching
+characters, @samp{&} matches the previous history line. @samp{&}
+may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+before attempting a match.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+@env{HISTIGNORE}.
+
+@env{HISTIGNORE} subsumes the function of @env{HISTCONTROL}. A
+pattern of @samp{&} is identical to @code{ignoredups}, and a
+pattern of @samp{[ ]*} is identical to @code{ignorespace}.
+Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon,
+provides the functionality of @code{ignoreboth}.
+
+@item HISTSIZE
+The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
+If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
+Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
+on the history list (there is no limit).
+The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
+
+@item HISTTIMEFORMAT
+If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
+for @var{strftime} to print the time stamp associated with each history
+entry displayed by the @code{history} builtin.
+If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
+they may be preserved across shell sessions.
+This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+other history lines.
+
+@item HOSTFILE
+Contains the name of a file in the same format as @file{/etc/hosts} that
+should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
+The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
+is running;
+the next time hostname completion is attempted after the
+value is changed, Bash adds the contents of the new file to the
+existing list.
+If @env{HOSTFILE} is set, but has no value, or does not name a readable file,
+Bash attempts to read
+@file{/etc/hosts} to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.
+When @env{HOSTFILE} is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
+
+@item HOSTNAME
+The name of the current host.
+
+@item HOSTTYPE
+A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
+
+@item IGNOREEOF
+Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an @code{EOF} character
+as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
+of consecutive @code{EOF} characters that can be read as the
+first character on an input line
+before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not
+have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10.
+If the variable does not exist, then @code{EOF} signifies the end of
+input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
+
+@item INPUTRC
+The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
+of @file{~/.inputrc}.
+
+@item LANG
+Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
+selected with a variable starting with @code{LC_}.
+
+@item LC_ALL
+This variable overrides the value of @env{LANG} and any other
+@code{LC_} variable specifying a locale category.
+
+@item LC_COLLATE
+This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
+results of filename expansion, and
+determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
+and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching
+(@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
+
+@item LC_CTYPE
+This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
+behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
+matching (@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
+
+@item LC_MESSAGES
+This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
+strings preceded by a @samp{$} (@pxref{Locale Translation}).
+
+@item LC_NUMERIC
+This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
+
+@item LINENO
+The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
+
+@item LINES
+Used by the @code{select} command to determine the column length
+for printing selection lists. Automatically set by an interactive shell
+upon receipt of a
+@code{SIGWINCH}.
+
+@item MACHTYPE
+A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
+is executing, in the standard @sc{gnu} @var{cpu-company-system} format.
+
+@item MAILCHECK
+How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
+files specified in the @env{MAILPATH} or @env{MAIL} variables.
+The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
+for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.
+If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
+
+@item MAPFILE
+An array variable created to hold the text read by the
+@code{mapfile} builtin when no variable name is supplied.
+
+@item OLDPWD
+The previous working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin.
+
+@item OPTERR
+If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
+generated by the @code{getopts} builtin command.
+
+@item OSTYPE
+A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
+
+@item PIPESTATUS
+An array variable (@pxref{Arrays})
+containing a list of exit status values from the processes
+in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
+contain only a single command).
+
+@item POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If this variable is in the environment when Bash starts, the shell
+enters @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}) before reading the
+startup files, as if the @option{--posix} invocation option had been supplied.
+If it is set while the shell is running, Bash enables @sc{posix} mode,
+as if the command
+@example
+@code{set -o posix}
+@end example
+@noindent
+had been executed.
+
+@item PPID
+The process @sc{id} of the shell's parent process. This variable
+is readonly.
+
+@item PROMPT_COMMAND
+If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
+before the printing of each primary prompt (@env{$PS1}).
+
+@item PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
+trailing directory components to retain when expanding the @code{\w} and
+@code{\W} prompt string escapes (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}).
+Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+
+@item PS3
+The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
+@code{select} command. If this variable is not set, the
+@code{select} command prompts with @samp{#? }
+
+@item PS4
+The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
+when the @option{-x} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+The first character of @env{PS4} is replicated multiple times, as
+necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
+The default is @samp{+ }.
+
+@item PWD
+The current working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin.
+
+@item RANDOM
+Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
+between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this
+variable seeds the random number generator.
+
+@item READLINE_LINE
+The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
+with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item READLINE_POINT
+The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
+with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item REPLY
+The default variable for the @code{read} builtin.
+
+@item SECONDS
+This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
+shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets
+the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
+becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds
+since the assignment.
+
+@item SHELL
+The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
+If it is not set when the shell starts,
+Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
+
+@item SHELLOPTS
+A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+the list is a valid argument for the @option{-o} option to the
+@code{set} builtin command (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+The options appearing in @env{SHELLOPTS} are those reported
+as @samp{on} by @samp{set -o}.
+If this variable is in the environment when Bash
+starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
+reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
+
+@item SHLVL
+Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is
+intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
+
+@item TIMEFORMAT
+The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
+how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the @code{time}
+reserved word should be displayed.
+The @samp{%} character introduces an
+escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or other
+information.
+The escape sequences and their meanings are as
+follows; the braces denote optional portions.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item %%
+A literal @samp{%}.
+
+@item %[@var{p}][l]R
+The elapsed time in seconds.
+
+@item %[@var{p}][l]U
+The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
+
+@item %[@var{p}][l]S
+The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
+
+@item %P
+The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
+@end table
+
+The optional @var{p} is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
+fractional digits after a decimal point.
+A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
+At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values
+of @var{p} greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+If @var{p} is not specified, the value 3 is used.
+
+The optional @code{l} specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+the form @var{MM}m@var{SS}.@var{FF}s.
+The value of @var{p} determines whether or not the fraction is included.
+
+If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value
+@example
+@code{$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'}
+@end example
+If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
+A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
+
+@item TMOUT
+If set to a value greater than zero, @code{TMOUT} is treated as the
+default timeout for the @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+The @code{select} command (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}) terminates
+if input does not arrive after @code{TMOUT} seconds when input is coming
+from a terminal.
+
+In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as
+the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary
+prompt when the shell is interactive.
+Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does
+not arrive.
+
+@item TMPDIR
+If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
+
+@item UID
+The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@node Bash Features
+@chapter Bash Features
+
+This chapter describes features unique to Bash.
+
+@menu
+* Invoking Bash:: Command line options that you can give
+ to Bash.
+* Bash Startup Files:: When and how Bash executes scripts.
+* Interactive Shells:: What an interactive shell is.
+* Bash Conditional Expressions:: Primitives used in composing expressions for
+ the @code{test} builtin.
+* Shell Arithmetic:: Arithmetic on shell variables.
+* Aliases:: Substituting one command for another.
+* Arrays:: Array Variables.
+* The Directory Stack:: History of visited directories.
+* Controlling the Prompt:: Customizing the various prompt strings.
+* The Restricted Shell:: A more controlled mode of shell execution.
+* Bash POSIX Mode:: Making Bash behave more closely to what
+ the POSIX standard specifies.
+@end menu
+
+@node Invoking Bash
+@section Invoking Bash
+
+@example
+bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] -c @var{string} [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+All of the single-character options used with the @code{set} builtin
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}) can be used as options when the shell is invoked.
+In addition, there are several multi-character
+options that you can use. These options must appear on the command
+line before the single-character options to be recognized.
+
+@table @code
+@item --debugger
+Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
+starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}
+for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt}
+builtin).
+
+@item --dump-po-strings
+A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$}
+is printed on the standard output
+in the @sc{gnu} @code{gettext} PO (portable object) file format.
+Equivalent to @option{-D} except for the output format.
+
+@item --dump-strings
+Equivalent to @option{-D}.
+
+@item --help
+Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
+
+@item --init-file @var{filename}
+@itemx --rcfile @var{filename}
+Execute commands from @var{filename} (instead of @file{~/.bashrc})
+in an interactive shell.
+
+@item --login
+Equivalent to @option{-l}.
+
+@item --noediting
+Do not use the @sc{gnu} Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing})
+to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
+
+@item --noprofile
+Don't load the system-wide startup file @file{/etc/profile}
+or any of the personal initialization files
+@file{~/.bash_profile}, @file{~/.bash_login}, or @file{~/.profile}
+when Bash is invoked as a login shell.
+
+@item --norc
+Don't read the @file{~/.bashrc} initialization file in an
+interactive shell. This is on by default if the shell is
+invoked as @code{sh}.
+
+@item --posix
+Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard. This
+is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+standard. @xref{Bash POSIX Mode}, for a description of the Bash
+@sc{posix} mode.
+
+@item --restricted
+Make the shell a restricted shell (@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
+
+@item --verbose
+Equivalent to @option{-v}. Print shell input lines as they're read.
+
+@item --version
+Show version information for this instance of
+Bash on the standard output and exit successfully.
+@end table
+
+There are several single-character options that may be supplied at
+invocation which are not available with the @code{set} builtin.
+
+@table @code
+@item -c
+Read and execute commands from the first non-option @var{argument}
+after processing the options, then exit.
+Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
+positional parameters, starting with @code{$0}.
+
+@item -i
+Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
+described in @ref{Interactive Shells}.
+
+@item -l
+Make this shell act as if it had been directly invoked by login.
+When the shell is interactive, this is equivalent to starting a
+login shell with @samp{exec -l bash}.
+When the shell is not interactive, the login shell startup files will
+be executed.
+@samp{exec bash -l} or @samp{exec bash --login}
+will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell.
+@xref{Bash Startup Files}, for a description of the special behavior
+of a login shell.
+
+@item -r
+Make the shell a restricted shell (@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
+
+@item -s
+If this option is present, or if no arguments remain after option
+processing, then commands are read from the standard input.
+This option allows the positional parameters to be set
+when invoking an interactive shell.
+
+@item -D
+A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$}
+is printed on the standard output.
+These are the strings that
+are subject to language translation when the current locale
+is not @code{C} or @code{POSIX} (@pxref{Locale Translation}).
+This implies the @option{-n} option; no commands will be executed.
+
+@item [-+]O [@var{shopt_option}]
+@var{shopt_option} is one of the shell options accepted by the
+@code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}).
+If @var{shopt_option} is present, @option{-O} sets the value of that option;
+@option{+O} unsets it.
+If @var{shopt_option} is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
+options accepted by @code{shopt} are printed on the standard output.
+If the invocation option is @option{+O}, the output is displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+
+@item --
+A @code{--} signals the end of options and disables further option
+processing.
+Any arguments after the @code{--} are treated as filenames and arguments.
+@end table
+
+@cindex login shell
+A @emph{login} shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
+@samp{-}, or one invoked with the @option{--login} option.
+
+@cindex interactive shell
+An @emph{interactive} shell is one started without non-option arguments,
+unless @option{-s} is specified,
+without specifying the @option{-c} option, and whose input and output are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty(3)}), or one
+started with the @option{-i} option. @xref{Interactive Shells}, for more
+information.
+
+If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
+@option{-c} nor the @option{-s}
+option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
+be the name of a file containing shell commands (@pxref{Shell Scripts}).
+When Bash is invoked in this fashion, @code{$0}
+is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
+are set to the remaining arguments.
+Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
+Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+
+@node Bash Startup Files
+@section Bash Startup Files
+@cindex startup files
+
+This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
+If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
+Tildes are expanded in filenames as described above under
+Tilde Expansion (@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
+
+Interactive shells are described in @ref{Interactive Shells}.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with @option{--login}
+
+When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a
+non-interactive shell with the @option{--login} option, it first reads and
+executes commands from the file @file{/etc/profile}, if that file exists.
+After reading that file, it looks for @file{~/.bash_profile},
+@file{~/.bash_login}, and @file{~/.profile}, in that order, and reads
+and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
+The @option{--noprofile} option may be used when the shell is started to
+inhibit this behavior.
+
+When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from
+the file @file{~/.bash_logout}, if it exists.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked as an interactive non-login shell
+
+When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash
+reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that file exists.
+This may be inhibited by using the @option{--norc} option.
+The @option{--rcfile @var{file}} option will force Bash to read and
+execute commands from @var{file} instead of @file{~/.bashrc}.
+
+So, typically, your @file{~/.bash_profile} contains the line
+@example
+@code{if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi}
+@end example
+@noindent
+after (or before) any login-specific initializations.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked non-interactively
+
+When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script,
+for example, it looks for the variable @env{BASH_ENV} in the environment,
+expands its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as
+the name of a file to read and execute. Bash behaves as if the
+following command were executed:
+@example
+@code{if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi}
+@end example
+@noindent
+but the value of the @env{PATH} variable is not used to search for the
+filename.
+
+As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
+@option{--login} option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
+login shell startup files.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked with name @code{sh}
+
+If Bash is invoked with the name @code{sh}, it tries to mimic the
+startup behavior of historical versions of @code{sh} as closely as
+possible, while conforming to the @sc{posix} standard as well.
+
+When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
+shell with the @option{--login} option, it first attempts to read
+and execute commands from @file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile}, in
+that order.
+The @option{--noprofile} option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+When invoked as an interactive shell with the name @code{sh}, Bash
+looks for the variable @env{ENV}, expands its value if it is defined,
+and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+Since a shell invoked as @code{sh} does not attempt to read and execute
+commands from any other startup files, the @option{--rcfile} option has
+no effect.
+A non-interactive shell invoked with the name @code{sh} does not attempt
+to read any other startup files.
+
+When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after
+the startup files are read.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked in @sc{posix} mode
+
+When Bash is started in @sc{posix} mode, as with the
+@option{--posix} command line option, it follows the @sc{posix} standard
+for startup files.
+In this mode, interactive shells expand the @env{ENV} variable
+and commands are read and executed from the file whose name is the
+expanded value.
+No other startup files are read.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked by remote shell daemon
+
+Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
+connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell
+daemon, usually @code{rshd}, or the secure shell daemon @code{sshd}.
+If Bash determines it is being run in
+this fashion, it reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that
+file exists and is readable.
+It will not do this if invoked as @code{sh}.
+The @option{--norc} option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+@option{--rcfile} option may be used to force another file to be read, but
+@code{rshd} does not generally invoke the shell with those options or
+allow them to be specified.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked with unequal effective and real @sc{uid/gid}s
+
+If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the @option{-p} option is not supplied, no startup
+files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
+the @env{SHELLOPTS}, @env{BASHOPTS}, @env{CDPATH}, and @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective
+user id is set to the real user id.
+If the @option{-p} option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
+the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
+
+@node Interactive Shells
+@section Interactive Shells
+@cindex interactive shell
+@cindex shell, interactive
+
+@menu
+* What is an Interactive Shell?:: What determines whether a shell is Interactive.
+* Is this Shell Interactive?:: How to tell if a shell is interactive.
+* Interactive Shell Behavior:: What changes in a interactive shell?
+@end menu
+
+@node What is an Interactive Shell?
+@subsection What is an Interactive Shell?
+
+An interactive shell
+is one started without non-option arguments, unless @option{-s} is
+specified, without specifying the @option{-c} option, and
+whose input and error output are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty(3)}),
+or one started with the @option{-i} option.
+
+An interactive shell generally reads from and writes to a user's
+terminal.
+
+The @option{-s} invocation option may be used to set the positional parameters
+when an interactive shell is started.
+
+@node Is this Shell Interactive?
+@subsection Is this Shell Interactive?
+
+To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is
+running interactively,
+test the value of the @samp{-} special parameter.
+It contains @code{i} when the shell is interactive. For example:
+
+@example
+case "$-" in
+*i*) echo This shell is interactive ;;
+*) echo This shell is not interactive ;;
+esac
+@end example
+
+Alternatively, startup scripts may examine the variable
+@env{PS1}; it is unset in non-interactive shells, and set in
+interactive shells. Thus:
+
+@example
+if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then
+ echo This shell is not interactive
+else
+ echo This shell is interactive
+fi
+@end example
+
+@node Interactive Shell Behavior
+@subsection Interactive Shell Behavior
+
+When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
+several ways.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Startup files are read and executed as described in @ref{Bash Startup Files}.
+
+@item
+Job Control (@pxref{Job Control}) is enabled by default. When job
+control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control
+signals @code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+@item
+Bash expands and displays @env{PS1} before reading the first line
+of a command, and expands and displays @env{PS2} before reading the
+second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
+
+@item
+Bash executes the value of the @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} variable as a command
+before printing the primary prompt, @env{$PS1}
+(@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
+@item
+Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to read commands from
+the user's terminal.
+
+@item
+Bash inspects the value of the @code{ignoreeof} option to @code{set -o}
+instead of exiting immediately when it receives an @code{EOF} on its
+standard input when reading a command (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+Command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities})
+and history expansion (@pxref{History Interaction})
+are enabled by default.
+Bash will save the command history to the file named by @env{$HISTFILE}
+when an interactive shell exits.
+
+@item
+Alias expansion (@pxref{Aliases}) is performed by default.
+
+@item
+In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores @code{SIGTERM}
+(@pxref{Signals}).
+
+@item
+In the absence of any traps, @code{SIGINT} is caught and handled
+((@pxref{Signals}).
+@code{SIGINT} will interrupt some shell builtins.
+
+@item
+An interactive login shell sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs on exit
+if the @code{huponexit} shell option has been enabled (@pxref{Signals}).
+
+@item
+The @option{-n} invocation option is ignored, and @samp{set -n} has
+no effect (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the
+@env{MAIL}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{MAILCHECK} shell variables
+(@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
+@item
+Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after
+@samp{set -u} has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by @var{var} being unset
+or null in @code{$@{@var{var}:?@var{word}@}} expansions
+(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Redirection errors encountered by shell builtins will not cause the
+shell to exit.
+
+@item
+When running in @sc{posix} mode, a special builtin returning an error
+status will not cause the shell to exit (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+
+@item
+A failed @code{exec} will not cause the shell to exit
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit.
+
+@item
+Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the @code{cd}
+builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the @code{cdspell}
+option to the @code{shopt} builtin in @ref{The Shopt Builtin}).
+
+@item
+The shell will check the value of the @env{TMOUT} variable and exit
+if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
+printing @env{$PS1} (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Bash Conditional Expressions
+@section Bash Conditional Expressions
+@cindex expressions, conditional
+
+Conditional expressions are used by the @code{[[} compound command
+and the @code{test} and @code{[} builtin commands.
+
+Expressions may be unary or binary.
+Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.
+There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
+If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is of the form
+@file{/dev/fd/@var{N}}, then file descriptor @var{N} is checked.
+If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of
+@file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file
+descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+
+When used with @samp{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort
+lexicographically using the current locale.
+The @code{test} command uses ASCII ordering.
+
+Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
+links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
+
+@table @code
+@item -a @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists.
+
+@item -b @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a block special file.
+
+@item -c @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a character special file.
+
+@item -d @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a directory.
+
+@item -e @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists.
+
+@item -f @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a regular file.
+
+@item -g @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and its set-group-id bit is set.
+
+@item -h @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link.
+
+@item -k @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and its "sticky" bit is set.
+
+@item -p @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
+
+@item -r @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is readable.
+
+@item -s @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and has a size greater than zero.
+
+@item -t @var{fd}
+True if file descriptor @var{fd} is open and refers to a terminal.
+
+@item -u @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
+
+@item -w @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is writable.
+
+@item -x @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is executable.
+
+@item -G @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective group id.
+
+@item -L @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link.
+
+@item -N @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and has been modified since it was last read.
+
+@item -O @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective user id.
+
+@item -S @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a socket.
+
+@item @var{file1} -ef @var{file2}
+True if @var{file1} and @var{file2} refer to the same device and
+inode numbers.
+
+@item @var{file1} -nt @var{file2}
+True if @var{file1} is newer (according to modification date)
+than @var{file2}, or if @var{file1} exists and @var{file2} does not.
+
+@item @var{file1} -ot @var{file2}
+True if @var{file1} is older than @var{file2},
+or if @var{file2} exists and @var{file1} does not.
+
+@item -o @var{optname}
+True if the shell option @var{optname} is enabled.
+The list of options appears in the description of the @option{-o}
+option to the @code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item -v @var{varname}
+True if the shell variable @var{varname} is set (has been assigned a value).
+
+@item -z @var{string}
+True if the length of @var{string} is zero.
+
+@item -n @var{string}
+@itemx @var{string}
+True if the length of @var{string} is non-zero.
+
+@item @var{string1} == @var{string2}
+@itemx @var{string1} = @var{string2}
+True if the strings are equal.
+@samp{=} should be used with the @code{test} command for @sc{posix} conformance.
+
+@item @var{string1} != @var{string2}
+True if the strings are not equal.
+
+@item @var{string1} < @var{string2}
+True if @var{string1} sorts before @var{string2} lexicographically.
+
+@item @var{string1} > @var{string2}
+True if @var{string1} sorts after @var{string2} lexicographically.
+
+@item @var{arg1} OP @var{arg2}
+@code{OP} is one of
+@samp{-eq}, @samp{-ne}, @samp{-lt}, @samp{-le}, @samp{-gt}, or @samp{-ge}.
+These arithmetic binary operators return true if @var{arg1}
+is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
+greater than, or greater than or equal to @var{arg2},
+respectively. @var{Arg1} and @var{arg2}
+may be positive or negative integers.
+@end table
+
+@node Shell Arithmetic
+@section Shell Arithmetic
+@cindex arithmetic, shell
+@cindex shell arithmetic
+@cindex expressions, arithmetic
+@cindex evaluation, arithmetic
+@cindex arithmetic evaluation
+
+The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of
+the shell expansions or by the @code{let} and the @option{-i} option
+to the @code{declare} builtins.
+
+Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow,
+though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values
+are the same as in the C language.
+The following list of operators is grouped into levels of
+equal-precedence operators.
+The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item @var{id}++ @var{id}--
+variable post-increment and post-decrement
+
+@item ++@var{id} --@var{id}
+variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
+
+@item - +
+unary minus and plus
+
+@item ! ~
+logical and bitwise negation
+
+@item **
+exponentiation
+
+@item * / %
+multiplication, division, remainder
+
+@item + -
+addition, subtraction
+
+@item << >>
+left and right bitwise shifts
+
+@item <= >= < >
+comparison
+
+@item == !=
+equality and inequality
+
+@item &
+bitwise AND
+
+@item ^
+bitwise exclusive OR
+
+@item |
+bitwise OR
+
+@item &&
+logical AND
+
+@item ||
+logical OR
+
+@item expr ? expr : expr
+conditional operator
+
+@item = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
+assignment
+
+@item expr1 , expr2
+comma
+@end table
+
+Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
+performed before the expression is evaluated.
+Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
+without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
+by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression
+when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the
+@var{integer} attribute using @samp{declare -i} is assigned a value.
+A null value evaluates to 0.
+A shell variable need not have its @var{integer} attribute turned on
+to be used in an expression.
+
+Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.
+A leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X} denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise,
+numbers take the form [@var{base}@code{#}]@var{n}, where the optional @var{base}
+is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
+base, and @var{n} is a number in that base.
+If @var{base}@code{#} is omitted, then base 10 is used.
+When specifying @var{n},
+he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
+the uppercase letters, @samp{@@}, and @samp{_}, in that order.
+If @var{base} is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
+letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10
+and 35.
+
+Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
+rules above.
+
+@node Aliases
+@section Aliases
+@cindex alias expansion
+
+@var{Aliases} allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
+as the first word of a simple command.
+The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with
+the @code{alias} and @code{unalias} builtin commands.
+
+The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see
+if it has an alias.
+If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.
+The characters @samp{/}, @samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{=} and any of the
+shell metacharacters or quoting characters listed above may not appear
+in an alias name.
+The replacement text may contain any valid
+shell input, including shell metacharacters.
+The first word of the replacement text is tested for
+aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded
+is not expanded a second time.
+This means that one may alias @code{ls} to @code{"ls -F"},
+for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the
+replacement text.
+If the last character of the alias value is a
+@var{blank}, then the next command word following the
+alias is also checked for alias expansion.
+
+Aliases are created and listed with the @code{alias}
+command, and removed with the @code{unalias} command.
+
+There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text,
+as in @code{csh}.
+If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used
+(@pxref{Shell Functions}).
+
+Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive,
+unless the @code{expand_aliases} shell option is set using
+@code{shopt} (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}).
+
+The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
+somewhat confusing. Bash
+always reads at least one complete line
+of input before executing any
+of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a
+command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an
+alias definition appearing on the same line as another
+command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.
+The commands following the alias definition
+on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read,
+not when the function is executed, because a function definition
+is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
+defined in a function are not available until after that
+function is executed. To be safe, always put
+alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use @code{alias}
+in compound commands.
+
+For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases.
+
+@node Arrays
+@section Arrays
+@cindex arrays
+
+Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+Any variable may be used as an indexed array;
+the @code{declare} builtin will explicitly declare an array.
+There is no maximum
+limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
+be indexed or assigned contiguously.
+Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
+expressions (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic})) and are zero-based;
+associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
+
+An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
+using the syntax
+@example
+@var{name}[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The @var{subscript}
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
+To explicitly declare an array, use
+@example
+declare -a @var{name}
+@end example
+@noindent
+The syntax
+@example
+declare -a @var{name}[@var{subscript}]
+@end example
+@noindent
+is also accepted; the @var{subscript} is ignored.
+
+@noindent
+Associative arrays are created using
+@example
+declare -A @var{name}.
+@end example
+
+Attributes may be
+specified for an array variable using the @code{declare} and
+@code{readonly} builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of
+an array.
+
+Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+@example
+@var{name}=(@var{value1} @var{value2} @dots{} )
+@end example
+@noindent
+where each
+@var{value} is of the form @code{[@var{subscript}]=}@var{string}.
+Indexed array assignments do not require anything but @var{string}.
+When assigning to indexed arrays, if
+the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to;
+otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
+to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
+
+When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
+
+This syntax is also accepted by the @code{declare}
+builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
+@code{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}} syntax introduced above.
+
+Any element of an array may be referenced using
+@code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}.
+The braces are required to avoid
+conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the
+@var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the word expands to all members
+of the array @var{name}. These subscripts differ only when the word
+appears within double quotes.
+If the word is double-quoted,
+@code{$@{@var{name}[*]@}} expands to a single word with
+the value of each array member separated by the first character of the
+@env{IFS} variable, and @code{$@{@var{name}[@@]@}} expands each element of
+@var{name} to a separate word. When there are no array members,
+@code{$@{@var{name}[@@]@}} expands to nothing.
+If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
+the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
+word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+part of the original word.
+This is analogous to the
+expansion of the special parameters @samp{@@} and @samp{*}.
+@code{$@{#@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}} expands to the length of
+@code{$@{@var{name}[@var{subscript}]@}}.
+If @var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or
+@samp{*}, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
+Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
+referencing with a subscript of 0.
+If the @var{subscript}
+used to reference an element of an indexed array
+evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
+an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
+of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
+
+An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+value. The null string is a valid value.
+
+The @code{unset} builtin is used to destroy arrays.
+@code{unset @var{name}[@var{subscript}]}
+destroys the array element at index @var{subscript}.
+Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
+expansion.
+@code{unset @var{name}}, where @var{name} is an array, removes the
+entire array. A subscript of @samp{*} or @samp{@@} also removes the
+entire array.
+
+The @code{declare}, @code{local}, and @code{readonly}
+builtins each accept a @option{-a} option to specify an indexed
+array and a @option{-A} option to specify an associative array.
+If both options are supplied, @option{-A} takes precedence.
+The @code{read} builtin accepts a @option{-a}
+option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
+to an array, and can read values from the standard input into
+individual array elements. The @code{set} and @code{declare}
+builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
+reused as input.
+
+@node The Directory Stack
+@section The Directory Stack
+@cindex directory stack
+
+@menu
+* Directory Stack Builtins:: Bash builtin commands to manipulate
+ the directory stack.
+@end menu
+
+The directory stack is a list of recently-visited directories. The
+@code{pushd} builtin adds directories to the stack as it changes
+the current directory, and the @code{popd} builtin removes specified
+directories from the stack and changes the current directory to
+the directory removed. The @code{dirs} builtin displays the contents
+of the directory stack.
+
+The contents of the directory stack are also visible
+as the value of the @env{DIRSTACK} shell variable.
+
+@node Directory Stack Builtins
+@subsection Directory Stack Builtins
+
+@table @code
+
+@item dirs
+@btindex dirs
+@example
+dirs [-clpv] [+@var{N} | -@var{N}]
+@end example
+
+Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
+are added to the list with the @code{pushd} command; the
+@code{popd} command removes directories from the list.
+
+@table @code
+@item -c
+Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
+@item -l
+Produces a listing using full pathnames;
+the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
+@item -p
+Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per
+line.
+@item -v
+Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per
+line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+@item +@var{N}
+Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+@item -@var{N}
+Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+@end table
+
+@item popd
+@btindex popd
+@example
+popd [-n] [+@var{N} | -@var{N}]
+@end example
+
+Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and @code{cd}
+to the new top directory.
+When no arguments are given, @code{popd}
+removes the top directory from the stack and
+performs a @code{cd} to the new top directory. The
+elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with
+@code{dirs}; that is, @code{popd} is equivalent to @code{popd +0}.
+
+@table @code
+@item -n
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
+from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+@item +@var{N}
+Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero.
+@item -@var{N}
+Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero.
+@end table
+
+@btindex pushd
+@item pushd
+@example
+pushd [-n] [@var{+N} | @var{-N} | @var{dir}]
+@end example
+
+Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack
+and then @code{cd} to @var{dir}.
+With no arguments, @code{pushd} exchanges the top two directories.
+
+@table @code
+@item -n
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
+to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+@item +@var{N}
+Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of
+the list by rotating the stack.
+@item -@var{N}
+Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of
+the list by rotating the stack.
+@item @var{dir}
+Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, making
+it the new current directory as if it had been supplied as an argument
+to the @code{cd} builtin.
+@end table
+@end table
+
+@node Controlling the Prompt
+@section Controlling the Prompt
+@cindex prompting
+
+The value of the variable @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is examined just before
+Bash prints each primary prompt. If @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is set and
+has a non-null value, then the
+value is executed just as if it had been typed on the command line.
+
+In addition, the following table describes the special characters which
+can appear in the prompt variables @env{PS1} to @env{PS4}:
+
+@table @code
+@item \a
+A bell character.
+@item \d
+The date, in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26").
+@item \D@{@var{format}@}
+The @var{format} is passed to @code{strftime}(3) and the result is inserted
+into the prompt string; an empty @var{format} results in a locale-specific
+time representation. The braces are required.
+@item \e
+An escape character.
+@item \h
+The hostname, up to the first `.'.
+@item \H
+The hostname.
+@item \j
+The number of jobs currently managed by the shell.
+@item \l
+The basename of the shell's terminal device name.
+@item \n
+A newline.
+@item \r
+A carriage return.
+@item \s
+The name of the shell, the basename of @code{$0} (the portion
+following the final slash).
+@item \t
+The time, in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format.
+@item \T
+The time, in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format.
+@item \@@
+The time, in 12-hour am/pm format.
+@item \A
+The time, in 24-hour HH:MM format.
+@item \u
+The username of the current user.
+@item \v
+The version of Bash (e.g., 2.00)
+@item \V
+The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
+@item \w
+The current working directory, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde
+(uses the @env{$PROMPT_DIRTRIM} variable).
+@item \W
+The basename of @env{$PWD}, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde.
+@item \!
+The history number of this command.
+@item \#
+The command number of this command.
+@item \$
+If the effective uid is 0, @code{#}, otherwise @code{$}.
+@item \@var{nnn}
+The character whose ASCII code is the octal value @var{nnn}.
+@item \\
+A backslash.
+@item \[
+Begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to
+embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt.
+@item \]
+End a sequence of non-printing characters.
+@end table
+
+The command number and the history number are usually different:
+the history number of a command is its position in the history
+list, which may include commands restored from the history file
+(@pxref{Bash History Facilities}), while the command number is
+the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
+shell session.
+
+After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+@code{promptvars} shell option (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@node The Restricted Shell
+@section The Restricted Shell
+@cindex restricted shell
+
+If Bash is started with the name @code{rbash}, or the
+@option{--restricted}
+or
+@option{-r}
+option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted.
+A restricted shell is used to
+set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.
+A restricted shell behaves identically to @code{bash}
+with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Changing directories with the @code{cd} builtin.
+@item
+Setting or unsetting the values of the @env{SHELL}, @env{PATH},
+@env{ENV}, or @env{BASH_ENV} variables.
+@item
+Specifying command names containing slashes.
+@item
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @code{.}
+builtin command.
+@item
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @option{-p}
+option to the @code{hash} builtin command.
+@item
+Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup.
+@item
+Parsing the value of @env{SHELLOPTS} from the shell environment at startup.
+@item
+Redirecting output using the @samp{>}, @samp{>|}, @samp{<>}, @samp{>&},
+@samp{&>}, and @samp{>>} redirection operators.
+@item
+Using the @code{exec} builtin to replace the shell with another command.
+@item
+Adding or deleting builtin commands with the
+@option{-f} and @option{-d} options to the @code{enable} builtin.
+@item
+Using the @code{enable} builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins.
+@item
+Specifying the @option{-p} option to the @code{command} builtin.
+@item
+Turning off restricted mode with @samp{set +r} or @samp{set +o restricted}.
+@end itemize
+
+These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+
+When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
+(@pxref{Shell Scripts}), @code{rbash} turns off any restrictions in
+the shell spawned to execute the script.
+
+@node Bash POSIX Mode
+@section Bash POSIX Mode
+@cindex POSIX Mode
+
+Starting Bash with the @option{--posix} command-line option or executing
+@samp{set -o posix} while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
+closely to the @sc{posix} standard by changing the behavior to
+match that specified by @sc{posix} in areas where the Bash default differs.
+
+When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading the
+startup files.
+
+The following list is what's changed when `@sc{posix} mode' is in effect:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search
+@env{$PATH} to find the new location. This is also available with
+@samp{shopt -s checkhash}.
+
+@item
+The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'.
+
+@item
+The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+is stopped is `Stopped(@var{signame})', where @var{signame} is, for
+example, @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+@item
+The @code{bg} builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed
+in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job
+is the current or previous job.
+
+@item
+Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized
+do not undergo alias expansion.
+
+@item
+The @sc{posix} @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} expansions of @samp{!} to
+the history number and @samp{!!} to @samp{!} are enabled,
+and parameter expansion is performed on the values of @env{PS1} and
+@env{PS2} regardless of the setting of the @code{promptvars} option.
+
+@item
+The @sc{posix} startup files are executed (@env{$ENV}) rather than
+the normal Bash files.
+
+@item
+Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command
+name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
+
+@item
+The @code{command} builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment
+statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements;
+when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment
+statement expansion properties when preceded by @code{command}.
+
+@item
+The default history file is @file{~/.sh_history} (this is the
+default value of @env{$HISTFILE}).
+
+@item
+The output of @samp{kill -l} prints all the signal names on a single line,
+separated by spaces, without the @samp{SIG} prefix.
+
+@item
+The @code{kill} builtin does not accept signal names with a @samp{SIG}
+prefix.
+
+@item
+Non-interactive shells exit if @var{filename} in @code{.} @var{filename}
+is not found.
+
+@item
+Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion
+results in an invalid expression.
+
+@item
+Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read
+with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins, or in a string processed by
+the @code{eval} builtin.
+
+@item
+Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
+
+@item
+Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the
+redirection.
+
+@item
+Function names must be valid shell @code{name}s. That is, they may not
+contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
+may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name
+causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
+
+@item
+Function names may not be the same as one of the @sc{posix} special
+builtins.
+
+@item
+@sc{posix} special builtins are found before shell functions
+during command lookup.
+
+@item
+The @code{time} reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
+used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its
+completed children. The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable controls the format
+of the timing information.
+
+@item
+When parsing and expanding a $@{@dots{}@} expansion that appears within
+double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to
+quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is
+one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do
+not have to appear as matched pairs.
+
+@item
+The parser does not recognize @code{time} as a reserved word if the next
+token begins with a @samp{-}.
+
+@item
+If a @sc{posix} special builtin returns an error status, a
+non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
+the @sc{posix} standard, and include things like passing incorrect options,
+redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding
+the command name, and so on.
+
+@item
+A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
+statements.
+A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign
+a value to a readonly variable.
+
+@item
+A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
+assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special
+builtin, but not with any other simple command.
+
+@item
+A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+variable in a @code{for} statement or the selection variable in a
+@code{select} statement is a readonly variable.
+
+@item
+Process substitution is not available.
+
+@item
+While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the
+@samp{#} and @samp{?} special parameters.
+
+@item
+Assignment statements preceding @sc{posix} special builtins
+persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
+
+@item
+Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+shell environment after the function returns, as if a @sc{posix}
+special builtin command had been executed.
+
+@item
+The @code{export} and @code{readonly} builtin commands display their
+output in the format required by @sc{posix}.
+
+@item
+The @code{trap} builtin displays signal names without the leading
+@code{SIG}.
+
+@item
+The @code{trap} builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
+disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and
+is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given
+signal to the original disposition, they should use @samp{-} as the
+first argument.
+
+@item
+The @code{.} and @code{source} builtins do not search the current directory
+for the filename argument if it is not found by searching @env{PATH}.
+
+@item
+Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
+the @option{-e} option from the parent shell. When not in @sc{posix} mode,
+Bash clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells.
+
+@item
+Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+
+@item
+When the @code{alias} builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+display them with a leading @samp{alias } unless the @option{-p} option
+is supplied.
+
+@item
+When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it does not display
+shell function names and definitions.
+
+@item
+When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters,
+even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
+
+@item
+When the @code{cd} builtin is invoked in @var{logical} mode, and the pathname
+constructed from @code{$PWD} and the directory name supplied as an argument
+does not refer to an existing directory, @code{cd} will fail instead of
+falling back to @var{physical} mode.
+
+@item
+The @code{pwd} builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the
+current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the
+@option{-P} option.
+
+@item
+When listing the history, the @code{fc} builtin does not include an
+indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
+
+@item
+The default editor used by @code{fc} is @code{ed}.
+
+@item
+The @code{type} and @code{command} builtins will not report a non-executable
+file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a
+file if it is the only so-named file found in @code{$PATH}.
+
+@item
+The @code{vi} editing mode will invoke the @code{vi} editor directly when
+the @samp{v} command is run, instead of checking @code{$VISUAL} and
+@code{$EDITOR}.
+
+@item
+When the @code{xpg_echo} option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret
+any arguments to @code{echo} as options. Each argument is displayed, after
+escape characters are converted.
+
+@item
+The @code{ulimit} builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the @option{-c}
+and @option{-f} options.
+
+@item
+The arrival of @code{SIGCHLD} when a trap is set on @code{SIGCHLD} does
+not interrupt the @code{wait} builtin and cause it to return immediately.
+The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
+
+@item
+The @code{read} builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+has been set.
+If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing @code{read}, the trap
+handler executes and @code{read} returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+There is other @sc{posix} behavior that Bash does not implement by
+default even when in @sc{posix} mode.
+Specifically:
+
+@enumerate
+
+@item
+The @code{fc} builtin checks @code{$EDITOR} as a program to edit history
+entries if @code{FCEDIT} is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
+@code{ed}. @code{fc} uses @code{ed} if @code{EDITOR} is unset.
+
+@item
+As noted above, Bash requires the @code{xpg_echo} option to be enabled for
+the @code{echo} builtin to be fully conformant.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+Bash can be configured to be @sc{posix}-conformant by default, by specifying
+the @option{--enable-strict-posix-default} to @code{configure} when building
+(@pxref{Optional Features}).
+
+@node Job Control
+@chapter Job Control
+
+This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how
+Bash allows you to access its facilities.
+
+@menu
+* Job Control Basics:: How job control works.
+* Job Control Builtins:: Bash builtin commands used to interact
+ with job control.
+* Job Control Variables:: Variables Bash uses to customize job
+ control.
+@end menu
+
+@node Job Control Basics
+@section Job Control Basics
+@cindex job control
+@cindex foreground
+@cindex background
+@cindex suspending jobs
+
+Job control
+refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend)
+the execution of processes and continue (resume)
+their execution at a later point. A user typically employs
+this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly
+by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and Bash.
+
+The shell associates a @var{job} with each pipeline. It keeps a
+table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the
+@code{jobs} command. When Bash starts a job
+asynchronously, it prints a line that looks
+like:
+@example
+[1] 25647
+@end example
+@noindent
+indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process @sc{id}
+of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is
+25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of
+the same job. Bash uses the @var{job} abstraction as the
+basis for job control.
+
+To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
+control, the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal
+process group @sc{id}. Members of this process group (processes whose
+process group @sc{id} is equal to the current terminal process group
+@sc{id}) receive keyboard-generated signals such as @code{SIGINT}.
+These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background
+processes are those whose process group @sc{id} differs from the
+terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated
+signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if
+the user so specifies with @code{stty tostop}, write to the terminal.
+Background processes which attempt to
+read from (write to when @code{stty tostop} is in effect) the
+terminal are sent a @code{SIGTTIN} (@code{SIGTTOU})
+signal by the kernel's terminal driver,
+which, unless caught, suspends the process.
+
+If the operating system on which Bash is running supports
+job control, Bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the
+@var{suspend} character (typically @samp{^Z}, Control-Z) while a
+process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns
+control to Bash. Typing the @var{delayed suspend} character
+(typically @samp{^Y}, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
+be returned to Bash. The user then manipulates the state of
+this job, using the @code{bg} command to continue it in the
+background, the @code{fg} command to continue it in the
+foreground, or the @code{kill} command to kill it. A @samp{^Z}
+takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of
+causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
+
+There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The
+character @samp{%} introduces a job specification (@var{jobspec}).
+
+Job number @code{n} may be referred to as @samp{%n}.
+The symbols @samp{%%} and @samp{%+} refer to the shell's notion of the
+current job, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
+or started in the background.
+A single @samp{%} (with no accompanying job specification) also refers
+to the current job.
+The previous job may be referenced using @samp{%-}.
+If there is only a single job, @samp{%+} and @samp{%-} can both be used
+to refer to that job.
+In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the @code{jobs}
+command), the current job is always flagged with a @samp{+}, and the
+previous job with a @samp{-}.
+
+A job may also be referred to
+using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring
+that appears in its command line. For example, @samp{%ce} refers
+to a stopped @code{ce} job. Using @samp{%?ce}, on the
+other hand, refers to any job containing the string @samp{ce} in
+its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job,
+Bash reports an error.
+
+Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground:
+@samp{%1} is a synonym for @samp{fg %1}, bringing job 1 from the
+background into the foreground. Similarly, @samp{%1 &} resumes
+job 1 in the background, equivalent to @samp{bg %1}
+
+The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
+Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt
+before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
+any other output.
+If the @option{-b} option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled,
+Bash reports such changes immediately (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+Any trap on @code{SIGCHLD} is executed for each child process
+that exits.
+
+If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if
+the @code{checkjobs} option is enabled -- see @ref{The Shopt Builtin}), the
+shell prints a warning message, and if the @code{checkjobs} option is
+enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.
+The @code{jobs} command may then be used to inspect their status.
+If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
+Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
+
+@node Job Control Builtins
+@section Job Control Builtins
+
+@table @code
+
+@item bg
+@btindex bg
+@example
+bg [@var{jobspec} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Resume each suspended job @var{jobspec} in the background, as if it
+had been started with @samp{&}.
+If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used.
+The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not
+enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, any
+@var{jobspec} was not found or specifies a job
+that was started without job control.
+
+@item fg
+@btindex fg
+@example
+fg [@var{jobspec}]
+@end example
+
+Resume the job @var{jobspec} in the foreground and make it the current job.
+If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used.
+The return status is that of the command placed into the foreground,
+or non-zero if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
+job control enabled, @var{jobspec} does not specify a valid job or
+@var{jobspec} specifies a job that was started without job control.
+
+@item jobs
+@btindex jobs
+@example
+jobs [-lnprs] [@var{jobspec}]
+jobs -x @var{command} [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+
+The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the
+following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -l
+List process @sc{id}s in addition to the normal information.
+
+@item -n
+Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
+the user was last notified of their status.
+
+@item -p
+List only the process @sc{id} of the job's process group leader.
+
+@item -r
+Display only running jobs.
+
+@item -s
+Display only stopped jobs.
+@end table
+
+If @var{jobspec} is given,
+output is restricted to information about that job.
+If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the status of all jobs is
+listed.
+
+If the @option{-x} option is supplied, @code{jobs} replaces any
+@var{jobspec} found in @var{command} or @var{arguments} with the
+corresponding process group @sc{id}, and executes @var{command},
+passing it @var{argument}s, returning its exit status.
+
+@item kill
+@btindex kill
+@example
+kill [-s @var{sigspec}] [-n @var{signum}] [-@var{sigspec}] @var{jobspec} or @var{pid}
+kill -l [@var{exit_status}]
+@end example
+
+Send a signal specified by @var{sigspec} or @var{signum} to the process
+named by job specification @var{jobspec} or process @sc{id} @var{pid}.
+@var{sigspec} is either a case-insensitive signal name such as
+@code{SIGINT} (with or without the @code{SIG} prefix)
+or a signal number; @var{signum} is a signal number.
+If @var{sigspec} and @var{signum} are not present, @code{SIGTERM} is used.
+The @option{-l} option lists the signal names.
+If any arguments are supplied when @option{-l} is given, the names of the
+signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status
+is zero.
+@var{exit_status} is a number specifying a signal number or the exit
+status of a process terminated by a signal.
+The return status is zero if at least one signal was successfully sent,
+or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
+
+@item wait
+@btindex wait
+@example
+wait [@var{jobspec} or @var{pid} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Wait until the child process specified by each process @sc{id} @var{pid}
+or job specification @var{jobspec} exits and return the exit status of the
+last command waited for.
+If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for.
+If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are
+waited for, and the return status is zero.
+If neither @var{jobspec} nor @var{pid} specifies an active child process
+of the shell, the return status is 127.
+
+@item disown
+@btindex disown
+@example
+disown [-ar] [-h] [@var{jobspec} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Without options, remove each @var{jobspec} from the table of
+active jobs.
+If the @option{-h} option is given, the job is not removed from the table,
+but is marked so that @code{SIGHUP} is not sent to the job if the shell
+receives a @code{SIGHUP}.
+If @var{jobspec} is not present, and neither the @option{-a} nor @option{-r}
+option is supplied, the current job is used.
+If no @var{jobspec} is supplied, the @option{-a} option means to remove or
+mark all jobs; the @option{-r} option without a @var{jobspec}
+argument restricts operation to running jobs.
+
+@item suspend
+@btindex suspend
+@example
+suspend [-f]
+@end example
+
+Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
+@code{SIGCONT} signal.
+A login shell cannot be suspended; the @option{-f}
+option can be used to override this and force the suspension.
+@end table
+
+When job control is not active, the @code{kill} and @code{wait}
+builtins do not accept @var{jobspec} arguments. They must be
+supplied process @sc{id}s.
+
+@node Job Control Variables
+@section Job Control Variables
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item auto_resume
+This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
+job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
+commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
+of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
+more than one job beginning with the string typed, then
+the most recently accessed job will be selected.
+The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line
+used to start it. If this variable is set to the value @samp{exact},
+the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly;
+if set to @samp{substring},
+the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+stopped job. The @samp{substring} value provides functionality
+analogous to the @samp{%?} job @sc{id} (@pxref{Job Control Basics}).
+If set to any other value, the supplied string must
+be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
+analogous to the @samp{%} job @sc{id}.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@set readline-appendix
+@set history-appendix
+@cindex Readline, how to use
+@include rluser.texi
+@cindex History, how to use
+@include hsuser.texi
+@clear readline-appendix
+@clear history-appendix
+
+@node Installing Bash
+@chapter Installing Bash
+
+This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
+the various supported platforms. The distribution supports the
+@sc{gnu} operating systems, nearly every version of Unix, and several
+non-Unix systems such as BeOS and Interix.
+Other independent ports exist for
+@sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2}, and Windows platforms.
+
+@menu
+* Basic Installation:: Installation instructions.
+* Compilers and Options:: How to set special options for various
+ systems.
+* Compiling For Multiple Architectures:: How to compile Bash for more
+ than one kind of system from
+ the same source tree.
+* Installation Names:: How to set the various paths used by the installation.
+* Specifying the System Type:: How to configure Bash for a particular system.
+* Sharing Defaults:: How to share default configuration values among GNU
+ programs.
+* Operation Controls:: Options recognized by the configuration program.
+* Optional Features:: How to enable and disable optional features when
+ building Bash.
+@end menu
+
+@node Basic Installation
+@section Basic Installation
+@cindex installation
+@cindex configuration
+@cindex Bash installation
+@cindex Bash configuration
+
+These are installation instructions for Bash.
+
+The simplest way to compile Bash is:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+@code{cd} to the directory containing the source code and type
+@samp{./configure} to configure Bash for your system. If you're
+using @code{csh} on an old version of System V, you might need to
+type @samp{sh ./configure} instead to prevent @code{csh} from trying
+to execute @code{configure} itself.
+
+Running @code{configure} takes some time.
+While running, it prints messages telling which features it is
+checking for.
+
+@item
+Type @samp{make} to compile Bash and build the @code{bashbug} bug
+reporting script.
+
+@item
+Optionally, type @samp{make tests} to run the Bash test suite.
+
+@item
+Type @samp{make install} to install @code{bash} and @code{bashbug}.
+This will also install the manual pages and Info file.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+The @code{configure} shell script attempts to guess correct
+values for various system-dependent variables used during
+compilation. It uses those values to create a @file{Makefile} in
+each directory of the package (the top directory, the
+@file{builtins}, @file{doc}, and @file{support} directories,
+each directory under @file{lib}, and several others). It also creates a
+@file{config.h} file containing system-dependent definitions.
+Finally, it creates a shell script named @code{config.status} that you
+can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a
+file @file{config.cache} that saves the results of its tests to
+speed up reconfiguring, and a file @file{config.log} containing
+compiler output (useful mainly for debugging @code{configure}).
+If at some point
+@file{config.cache} contains results you don't want to keep, you
+may remove or edit it.
+
+To find out more about the options and arguments that the
+@code{configure} script understands, type
+
+@example
+bash-2.04$ ./configure --help
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory.
+
+If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please
+try to figure out how @code{configure} could check whether or not
+to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to
+@email{bash-maintainers@@gnu.org} so they can be
+considered for the next release.
+
+The file @file{configure.in} is used to create @code{configure}
+by a program called Autoconf. You only need
+@file{configure.in} if you want to change it or regenerate
+@code{configure} using a newer version of Autoconf. If
+you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or
+newer.
+
+You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
+source code directory by typing @samp{make clean}. To also remove the
+files that @code{configure} created (so you can compile Bash for
+a different kind of computer), type @samp{make distclean}.
+
+@node Compilers and Options
+@section Compilers and Options
+
+Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
+that the @code{configure} script does not know about. You can
+give @code{configure} initial values for variables by setting
+them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you
+can do that on the command line like this:
+
+@example
+CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
+@end example
+
+On systems that have the @code{env} program, you can do it like this:
+
+@example
+env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
+@end example
+
+The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it
+is available.
+
+@node Compiling For Multiple Architectures
+@section Compiling For Multiple Architectures
+
+You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
+same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
+own directory. To do this, you must use a version of @code{make} that
+supports the @code{VPATH} variable, such as GNU @code{make}.
+@code{cd} to the
+directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
+the @code{configure} script from the source directory. You may need to
+supply the @option{--srcdir=PATH} argument to tell @code{configure} where the
+source files are. @code{configure} automatically checks for the
+source code in the directory that @code{configure} is in and in `..'.
+
+If you have to use a @code{make} that does not supports the @code{VPATH}
+variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a
+time in the source code directory. After you have installed
+Bash for one architecture, use @samp{make distclean} before
+reconfiguring for another architecture.
+
+Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the
+@file{support/mkclone} script to create a build tree which has
+symbolic links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an
+example that creates a build directory in the current directory from a
+source directory @file{/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0}:
+
+@example
+bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 .
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The @code{mkclone} script requires Bash, so you must have already built
+Bash for at least one architecture before you can create build
+directories for other architectures.
+
+@node Installation Names
+@section Installation Names
+
+By default, @samp{make install} will install into
+@file{/usr/local/bin}, @file{/usr/local/man}, etc. You can
+specify an installation prefix other than @file{/usr/local} by
+giving @code{configure} the option @option{--prefix=@var{PATH}},
+or by specifying a value for the @code{DESTDIR} @samp{make}
+variable when running @samp{make install}.
+
+You can specify separate installation prefixes for
+architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.
+If you give @code{configure} the option
+@option{--exec-prefix=@var{PATH}}, @samp{make install} will use
+@var{PATH} as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
+Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.
+
+@node Specifying the System Type
+@section Specifying the System Type
+
+There may be some features @code{configure} can not figure out
+automatically, but need to determine by the type of host Bash
+will run on. Usually @code{configure} can figure that
+out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host
+type, give it the @option{--host=TYPE} option. @samp{TYPE} can
+either be a short name for the system type, such as @samp{sun4},
+or a canonical name with three fields: @samp{CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM}
+(e.g., @samp{i386-unknown-freebsd4.2}).
+
+See the file @file{support/config.sub} for the possible
+values of each field.
+
+@node Sharing Defaults
+@section Sharing Defaults
+
+If you want to set default values for @code{configure} scripts to
+share, you can create a site shell script called
+@code{config.site} that gives default values for variables like
+@code{CC}, @code{cache_file}, and @code{prefix}. @code{configure}
+looks for @file{PREFIX/share/config.site} if it exists, then
+@file{PREFIX/etc/config.site} if it exists. Or, you can set the
+@code{CONFIG_SITE} environment variable to the location of the site
+script. A warning: the Bash @code{configure} looks for a site script,
+but not all @code{configure} scripts do.
+
+@node Operation Controls
+@section Operation Controls
+
+@code{configure} recognizes the following options to control how it
+operates.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item --cache-file=@var{file}
+Use and save the results of the tests in
+@var{file} instead of @file{./config.cache}. Set @var{file} to
+@file{/dev/null} to disable caching, for debugging
+@code{configure}.
+
+@item --help
+Print a summary of the options to @code{configure}, and exit.
+
+@item --quiet
+@itemx --silent
+@itemx -q
+Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.
+
+@item --srcdir=@var{dir}
+Look for the Bash source code in directory @var{dir}. Usually
+@code{configure} can determine that directory automatically.
+
+@item --version
+Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the @code{configure}
+script, and exit.
+@end table
+
+@code{configure} also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate
+options. @samp{configure --help} prints the complete list.
+
+@node Optional Features
+@section Optional Features
+
+The Bash @code{configure} has a number of @option{--enable-@var{feature}}
+options, where @var{feature} indicates an optional part of Bash.
+There are also several @option{--with-@var{package}} options,
+where @var{package} is something like @samp{bash-malloc} or @samp{purify}.
+To turn off the default use of a package, use
+@option{--without-@var{package}}. To configure Bash without a feature
+that is enabled by default, use @option{--disable-@var{feature}}.
+
+Here is a complete list of the @option{--enable-} and
+@option{--with-} options that the Bash @code{configure} recognizes.
+
+@table @code
+@item --with-afs
+Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc.
+
+@item --with-bash-malloc
+Use the Bash version of
+@code{malloc} in the directory @file{lib/malloc}. This is not the same
+@code{malloc} that appears in @sc{gnu} libc, but an older version
+originally derived from the 4.2 @sc{bsd} @code{malloc}. This @code{malloc}
+is very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation.
+This option is enabled by default.
+The @file{NOTES} file contains a list of systems for
+which this should be turned off, and @code{configure} disables this
+option automatically for a number of systems.
+
+@item --with-curses
+Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should
+be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap
+database.
+
+@item --with-gnu-malloc
+A synonym for @code{--with-bash-malloc}.
+
+@item --with-installed-readline[=@var{PREFIX}]
+Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of Readline
+rather than the version in @file{lib/readline}. This works only with
+Readline 5.0 and later versions. If @var{PREFIX} is @code{yes} or not
+supplied, @code{configure} uses the values of the make variables
+@code{includedir} and @code{libdir}, which are subdirectories of @code{prefix}
+by default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is not in
+the standard system include and library directories.
+If @var{PREFIX} is @code{no}, Bash links with the version in
+@file{lib/readline}.
+If @var{PREFIX} is set to any other value, @code{configure} treats it as
+a directory pathname and looks for
+the installed version of Readline in subdirectories of that directory
+(include files in @var{PREFIX}/@code{include} and the library in
+@var{PREFIX}/@code{lib}).
+
+@item --with-purify
+Define this to use the Purify memory allocation checker from Rational
+Software.
+
+@item --enable-minimal-config
+This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the historical
+Bourne shell.
+@end table
+
+There are several @option{--enable-} options that alter how Bash is
+compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features.
+
+@table @code
+@item --enable-largefile
+Enable support for @uref{http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html,
+large files} if the operating system requires special compiler options
+to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by
+default, if the operating system provides large file support.
+
+@item --enable-profiling
+This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be
+processed by @code{gprof} each time it is executed.
+
+@item --enable-static-link
+This causes Bash to be linked statically, if @code{gcc} is being used.
+This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell.
+@end table
+
+The @samp{minimal-config} option can be used to disable all of
+the following options, but it is processed first, so individual
+options may be enabled using @samp{enable-@var{feature}}.
+
+All of the following options except for @samp{disabled-builtins} and
+@samp{xpg-echo-default} are
+enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the
+necessary support.
+
+@table @code
+@item --enable-alias
+Allow alias expansion and include the @code{alias} and @code{unalias}
+builtins (@pxref{Aliases}).
+
+@item --enable-arith-for-command
+Include support for the alternate form of the @code{for} command
+that behaves like the C language @code{for} statement
+(@pxref{Looping Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-array-variables
+Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables
+(@pxref{Arrays}).
+
+@item --enable-bang-history
+Include support for @code{csh}-like history substitution
+(@pxref{History Interaction}).
+
+@item --enable-brace-expansion
+Include @code{csh}-like brace expansion
+( @code{b@{a,b@}c} @expansion{} @code{bac bbc} ).
+See @ref{Brace Expansion}, for a complete description.
+
+@item --enable-casemod-attributes
+Include support for case-modifying attributes in the @code{declare} builtin
+and assignment statements. Variables with the @var{uppercase} attribute,
+for example, will have their values converted to uppercase upon assignment.
+
+@item --enable-casemod-expansion
+Include support for case-modifying word expansions.
+
+@item --enable-command-timing
+Include support for recognizing @code{time} as a reserved word and for
+displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following @code{time}
+(@pxref{Pipelines}).
+This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed.
+
+@item --enable-cond-command
+Include support for the @code{[[} conditional command.
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-cond-regexp
+Include support for matching @sc{posix} regular expressions using the
+@samp{=~} binary operator in the @code{[[} conditional command.
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-coprocesses
+Include support for coprocesses and the @code{coproc} reserved word
+(@pxref{Pipelines}).
+
+@item --enable-debugger
+Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
+
+@item --enable-directory-stack
+Include support for a @code{csh}-like directory stack and the
+@code{pushd}, @code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins
+(@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
+
+@item --enable-disabled-builtins
+Allow builtin commands to be invoked via @samp{builtin xxx}
+even after @code{xxx} has been disabled using @samp{enable -n xxx}.
+See @ref{Bash Builtins}, for details of the @code{builtin} and
+@code{enable} builtin commands.
+
+@item --enable-dparen-arithmetic
+Include support for the @code{((@dots{}))} command
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-extended-glob
+Include support for the extended pattern matching features described
+above under @ref{Pattern Matching}.
+
+@item --enable-extended-glob-default
+Set the default value of the @var{extglob} shell option described
+above under @ref{The Shopt Builtin} to be enabled.
+
+@item --enable-help-builtin
+Include the @code{help} builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
+variables (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item --enable-history
+Include command history and the @code{fc} and @code{history}
+builtin commands (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}).
+
+@item --enable-job-control
+This enables the job control features (@pxref{Job Control}),
+if the operating system supports them.
+
+@item --enable-multibyte
+This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating
+system provides the necessary support.
+
+@item --enable-net-redirections
+This enables the special handling of filenames of the form
+@code{/dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}} and
+@code{/dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}}
+when used in redirections (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item --enable-process-substitution
+This enables process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution}) if
+the operating system provides the necessary support.
+
+@item --enable-progcomp
+Enable the programmable completion facilities
+(@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect.
+
+@item --enable-prompt-string-decoding
+Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters
+in the @env{$PS1}, @env{$PS2}, @env{$PS3}, and @env{$PS4} prompt
+strings. See @ref{Controlling the Prompt}, for a complete list of prompt
+string escape sequences.
+
+@item --enable-readline
+Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
+version of the Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
+
+@item --enable-restricted
+Include support for a @dfn{restricted shell}. If this is enabled, Bash,
+when called as @code{rbash}, enters a restricted mode. See
+@ref{The Restricted Shell}, for a description of restricted mode.
+
+@item --enable-select
+Include the @code{select} compound command, which allows the generation of
+simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-separate-helpfiles
+Use external files for the documentation displayed by the @code{help} builtin
+instead of storing the text internally.
+
+@item --enable-single-help-strings
+Store the text displayed by the @code{help} builtin as a single string for
+each help topic. This aids in translating the text to different languages.
+You may need to disable this if your compiler cannot handle very long string
+literals.
+
+@item --enable-strict-posix-default
+Make Bash @sc{posix}-conformant by default (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+
+@item --enable-usg-echo-default
+A synonym for @code{--enable-xpg-echo-default}.
+
+@item --enable-xpg-echo-default
+Make the @code{echo} builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by default,
+without requiring the @option{-e} option.
+This sets the default value of the @code{xpg_echo} shell option to @code{on},
+which makes the Bash @code{echo} behave more like the version specified in
+the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
+@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a description of the escape sequences that
+@code{echo} recognizes.
+@end table
+
+The file @file{config-top.h} contains C Preprocessor
+@samp{#define} statements for options which are not settable from
+@code{configure}.
+Some of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if
+you do.
+Read the comments associated with each definition for more
+information about its effect.
+
+@node Reporting Bugs
+@appendix Reporting Bugs
+
+Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
+But first, you should
+make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+version of Bash.
+The latest version of Bash is always available for FTP from
+@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/}.
+
+Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
+@code{bashbug} command to submit a bug report.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
+Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
+to @email{bug-bash@@gnu.org} or posted to the Usenet
+newsgroup @code{gnu.bash.bug}.
+
+All bug reports should include:
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+The version number of Bash.
+@item
+The hardware and operating system.
+@item
+The compiler used to compile Bash.
+@item
+A description of the bug behaviour.
+@item
+A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
+to reproduce it.
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+@code{bashbug} inserts the first three items automatically into
+the template it provides for filing a bug report.
+
+Please send all reports concerning this manual to
+@email{chet.ramey@@case.edu}.
+
+@node Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
+@appendix Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
+
+Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
+variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell.
+Bash uses the @sc{posix} standard as the specification of
+how these features are to be implemented. There are some
+differences between the traditional Bourne shell and Bash; this
+section quickly details the differences of significance. A
+number of these differences are explained in greater depth in
+previous sections.
+This section uses the version of @code{sh} included in SVR4.2 (the
+last version of the historical Bourne shell) as the baseline reference.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+Bash is @sc{posix}-conformant, even where the @sc{posix} specification
+differs from traditional @code{sh} behavior (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+
+@item
+Bash has multi-character invocation options (@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
+
+@item
+Bash has command-line editing (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) and
+the @code{bind} builtin.
+
+@item
+Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism
+(@pxref{Programmable Completion}), and builtin commands
+@code{complete}, @code{compgen}, and @code{compopt}, to
+manipulate it.
+
+@item
+Bash has command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}) and the
+@code{history} and @code{fc} builtins to manipulate it.
+The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
+value of the @code{HISTTIMEFORMAT} variable to display it.
+
+@item
+Bash implements @code{csh}-like history expansion
+(@pxref{History Interaction}).
+
+@item
+Bash has one-dimensional array variables (@pxref{Arrays}), and the
+appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them.
+Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays.
+Bash provides a number of built-in array variables.
+
+@item
+The @code{$'@dots{}'} quoting syntax, which expands ANSI-C
+backslash-escaped characters in the text between the single quotes,
+is supported (@pxref{ANSI-C Quoting}).
+
+@item
+Bash supports the @code{$"@dots{}"} quoting syntax to do
+locale-specific translation of the characters between the double
+quotes. The @option{-D}, @option{--dump-strings}, and @option{--dump-po-strings}
+invocation options list the translatable strings found in a script
+(@pxref{Locale Translation}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements the @code{!} keyword to negate the return value of
+a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}).
+Very useful when an @code{if} statement needs to act only if a test fails.
+The Bash @samp{-o pipefail} option to @code{set} will cause a pipeline to
+return a failure status if any command fails.
+
+@item
+Bash has the @code{time} reserved word and command timing (@pxref{Pipelines}).
+The display of the timing statistics may be controlled with the
+@env{TIMEFORMAT} variable.
+
+@item
+Bash implements the @code{for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} ))}
+arithmetic for command, similar to the C language (@pxref{Looping Constructs}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{select} compound command, which allows the
+generation of simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{[[} compound command, which makes conditional
+testing part of the shell grammar (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}), including
+optional regular expression matching.
+
+@item
+Bash provides optional case-insensitive matching for the @code{case} and
+@code{[[} constructs.
+
+@item
+Bash includes brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}) and tilde
+expansion (@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements command aliases and the @code{alias} and @code{unalias}
+builtins (@pxref{Aliases}).
+
+@item
+Bash provides shell arithmetic, the @code{((} compound command
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}),
+and arithmetic expansion (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+
+@item
+Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically
+exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do
+this unless the variables are explicitly marked using the @code{export}
+command.
+
+@item
+Bash supports the @samp{+=} assignment operator, which appends to the value
+of the variable named on the left hand side.
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @sc{posix} pattern removal @samp{%}, @samp{#}, @samp{%%}
+and @samp{##} expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from
+variable values (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion @code{$@{#xx@}}, which returns the length of @code{$@{xx@}},
+is supported (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion @code{$@{var:}@var{offset}@code{[:}@var{length}@code{]@}},
+which expands to the substring of @code{var}'s value of length
+@var{length}, beginning at @var{offset}, is present
+(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion
+@code{$@{var/[/]}@var{pattern}@code{[/}@var{replacement}@code{]@}},
+which matches @var{pattern} and replaces it with @var{replacement} in
+the value of @code{var}, is available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion @code{$@{!@var{prefix@}*}} expansion, which expands to
+the names of all shell variables whose names begin with @var{prefix},
+is available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash has @var{indirect} variable expansion using @code{$@{!word@}}
+(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash can expand positional parameters beyond @code{$9} using
+@code{$@{@var{num}@}}.
+
+@item
+The @sc{posix} @code{$()} form of command substitution
+is implemented (@pxref{Command Substitution}),
+and preferred to the Bourne shell's @code{``} (which
+is also implemented for backwards compatibility).
+
+@item
+Bash has process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution}).
+
+@item
+Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the
+current user (@env{UID}, @env{EUID}, and @env{GROUPS}), the current host
+(@env{HOSTTYPE}, @env{OSTYPE}, @env{MACHTYPE}, and @env{HOSTNAME}),
+and the instance of Bash that is running (@env{BASH},
+@env{BASH_VERSION}, and @env{BASH_VERSINFO}). @xref{Bash Variables},
+for details.
+
+@item
+The @env{IFS} variable is used to split only the results of expansion,
+not all words (@pxref{Word Splitting}).
+This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
+
+@item
+Bash implements the full set of @sc{posix} filename expansion operators,
+including @var{character classes}, @var{equivalence classes}, and
+@var{collating symbols} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the @code{extglob}
+shell option is enabled (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).
+
+@item
+It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name;
+@code{sh} does not separate the two name spaces.
+
+@item
+Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the
+@code{local} builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written
+(@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even
+builtins and functions (@pxref{Environment}).
+In @code{sh}, all variable assignments
+preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
+file system.
+
+@item
+Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands
+to input and output redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+Bash contains the @samp{<>} redirection operator, allowing a file to be
+opened for both reading and writing, and the @samp{&>} redirection
+operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same
+file (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @samp{<<<} redirection operator, allowing a string to
+be used as the standard input to a command.
+
+@item
+Bash implements the @samp{[n]<&@var{word}} and @samp{[n]>&@var{word}}
+redirection operators, which move one file descriptor to another.
+
+@item
+Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are
+used in redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services
+with the redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+The @code{noclobber} option is available to avoid overwriting existing
+files with output redirection (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+The @samp{>|} redirection operator may be used to override @code{noclobber}.
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{cd} and @code{pwd} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+each take @option{-L} and @option{-P} options to switch between logical and
+physical modes.
+
+@item
+Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides
+access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the
+@code{builtin} and @code{command} builtins (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The @code{command} builtin allows selective disabling of functions
+when command lookup is performed (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the @code{enable}
+builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{exec} builtin takes additional options that allow users
+to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed
+command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment
+using @code{export -f} (@pxref{Shell Functions}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{export}, @code{readonly}, and @code{declare} builtins can
+take a @option{-f} option to act on shell functions, a @option{-p} option to
+display variables with various attributes set in a format that can be
+used as shell input, a @option{-n} option to remove various variable
+attributes, and @samp{name=value} arguments to set variable attributes
+and values simultaneously.
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{hash} builtin allows a name to be associated with
+an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by
+searching the @env{$PATH}, using @samp{hash -p}
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes a @code{help} builtin for quick reference to shell
+facilities (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The @code{printf} builtin is available to display formatted output
+(@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins})
+will read a line ending in @samp{\} with
+the @option{-r} option, and will use the @env{REPLY} variable as a
+default if no non-option arguments are supplied.
+The Bash @code{read} builtin
+also accepts a prompt string with the @option{-p} option and will use
+Readline to obtain the line when given the @option{-e} option.
+The @code{read} builtin also has additional options to control input:
+the @option{-s} option will turn off echoing of input characters as
+they are read, the @option{-t} option will allow @code{read} to time out
+if input does not arrive within a specified number of seconds, the
+@option{-n} option will allow reading only a specified number of
+characters rather than a full line, and the @option{-d} option will read
+until a particular character rather than newline.
+
+@item
+The @code{return} builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts
+executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{shopt} builtin, for finer control of shell
+optional capabilities (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}), and allows these options
+to be set and unset at shell invocation (@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
+
+@item
+Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the @code{set}
+builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+The @samp{-x} (@option{xtrace}) option displays commands other than
+simple commands when performing an execution trace
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+The @code{test} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+is slightly different, as it implements the @sc{posix} algorithm,
+which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{caller} builtin, which displays the context of
+any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with
+the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins). This supports the bash
+debugger.
+
+@item
+The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a
+@code{DEBUG} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT}.
+Commands specified with a @code{DEBUG} trap are executed before every
+simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} command,
+@code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and before
+the first command executes in a shell function.
+The @code{DEBUG} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+function has been given the @code{trace} attribute or the
+@code{functrace} option has been enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin.
+The @code{extdebug} shell option has additional effects on the
+@code{DEBUG} trap.
+
+The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows an
+@code{ERR} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT} and @code{DEBUG}.
+Commands specified with an @code{ERR} trap are executed after a simple
+command fails, with a few exceptions.
+The @code{ERR} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+@code{-o errtrace} option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled.
+
+The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a
+@code{RETURN} pseudo-signal specification, similar to
+@code{EXIT} and @code{DEBUG}.
+Commands specified with an @code{RETURN} trap are executed before
+execution resumes after a shell function or a shell script executed with
+@code{.} or @code{source} returns.
+The @code{RETURN} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+function has been given the @code{trace} attribute or the
+@code{functrace} option has been enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin.
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{type} builtin is more extensive and gives more information
+about the names it finds (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{umask} builtin permits a @option{-p} option to cause
+the output to be displayed in the form of a @code{umask} command
+that may be reused as input (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements a @code{csh}-like directory stack, and provides the
+@code{pushd}, @code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins to manipulate it
+(@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
+Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the
+@env{DIRSTACK} shell variable.
+
+@item
+Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
+strings when interactive (@pxref{Controlling the Prompt}).
+
+@item
+The Bash restricted mode is more useful (@pxref{The Restricted Shell});
+the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
+
+@item
+The @code{disown} builtin can remove a job from the internal shell
+job table (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or suppress the sending
+of @code{SIGHUP} to a job when the shell exits as the result of a
+@code{SIGHUP}.
+
+@item
+Bash includes a number of features to support a separate debugger for
+shell scripts.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell has two privilege-related builtins
+(@code{mldmode} and @code{priv}) not present in Bash.
+
+@item
+Bash does not have the @code{stop} or @code{newgrp} builtins.
+
+@item
+Bash does not use the @env{SHACCT} variable or perform shell accounting.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 @code{sh} uses a @env{TIMEOUT} variable like Bash uses
+@env{TMOUT}.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+More features unique to Bash may be found in @ref{Bash Features}.
+
+
+@appendixsec Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell
+
+Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
+many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+Bash does not fork a subshell when redirecting into or out of
+a shell control structure such as an @code{if} or @code{while}
+statement.
+
+@item
+Bash does not allow unbalanced quotes. The SVR4.2 shell will silently
+insert a needed closing quote at @code{EOF} under certain circumstances.
+This can be the cause of some hard-to-find errors.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell uses a baroque memory management scheme based on
+trapping @code{SIGSEGV}. If the shell is started from a process with
+@code{SIGSEGV} blocked (e.g., by using the @code{system()} C library
+function call), it misbehaves badly.
+
+@item
+In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell,
+when invoked without the @option{-p} option, will alter its real
+and effective @sc{uid} and @sc{gid} if they are less than some
+magic threshold value, commonly 100.
+This can lead to unexpected results.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell does not allow users to trap @code{SIGSEGV},
+@code{SIGALRM}, or @code{SIGCHLD}.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell does not allow the @env{IFS}, @env{MAILCHECK},
+@env{PATH}, @env{PS1}, or @env{PS2} variables to be unset.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell treats @samp{^} as the undocumented equivalent of
+@samp{|}.
+
+@item
+Bash allows multiple option arguments when it is invoked (@code{-x -v});
+the SVR4.2 shell allows only one option argument (@code{-xv}). In
+fact, some versions of the shell dump core if the second argument begins
+with a @samp{-}.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits
+a script only if one of the @sc{posix} special builtins fails, and
+only for certain failures, as enumerated in the @sc{posix} standard.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as @code{jsh}
+(it turns on job control).
+@end itemize
+
+@node GNU Free Documentation License
+@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
+
+@include fdl.texi
+
+@node Indexes
+@appendix Indexes
+
+@menu
+* Builtin Index:: Index of Bash builtin commands.
+* Reserved Word Index:: Index of Bash reserved words.
+* Variable Index:: Quick reference helps you find the
+ variable you want.
+* Function Index:: Index of bindable Readline functions.
+* Concept Index:: General index for concepts described in
+ this manual.
+@end menu
+
+@node Builtin Index
+@appendixsec Index of Shell Builtin Commands
+@printindex bt
+
+@node Reserved Word Index
+@appendixsec Index of Shell Reserved Words
+@printindex rw
+
+@node Variable Index
+@appendixsec Parameter and Variable Index
+@printindex vr
+
+@node Function Index
+@appendixsec Function Index
+@printindex fn
+
+@node Concept Index
+@appendixsec Concept Index
+@printindex cp
+
+@bye
{
WORD_LIST *w, *wcmd;
struct builtin *b;
- int assoc;
+ int assoc, global;
if (words == 0)
return;
b = 0;
- assoc = 0;
+ assoc = global = 0;
wcmd = words;
for (w = words; w; w = w->next)
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
if (assoc)
w->word->flags |= W_ASSIGNASSOC;
+ if (global)
+ w->word->flags |= W_ASSNGLOBAL;
#endif
}
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
/* Note that we saw an associative array option to a builtin that takes
assignment statements. This is a bit of a kludge. */
- else if (w->word->word[0] == '-' && strchr (w->word->word, 'A'))
+ else if (w->word->word[0] == '-' && (strchr (w->word->word+1, 'A') || strchr (w->word->word+1, 'g')))
+#else
+ else if (w->word->word[0] == '-' && strchr (w->word->word+1, 'g'))
+#endif
{
if (b == 0)
{
else if (b && (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN))
wcmd->word->flags |= W_ASSNBLTIN;
}
- if (wcmd->word->flags & W_ASSNBLTIN)
+ if ((wcmd->word->flags & W_ASSNBLTIN) && strchr (w->word->word+1, 'A'))
assoc = 1;
+ if ((wcmd->word->flags & W_ASSNBLTIN) && strchr (w->word->word+1, 'g'))
+ global = 1;
}
-#endif
}
/* Return 1 if the file found by searching $PATH for PATHNAME, defaulting
--- /dev/null
+/* execute_cmd.c -- Execute a COMMAND structure. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if !defined (__GNUC__) && !defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) && defined (_AIX)
+ #pragma alloca
+#endif /* _AIX && RISC6000 && !__GNUC__ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#if !defined (_MINIX) && defined (HAVE_SYS_FILE_H)
+# include <sys/file.h>
+#endif
+#include "filecntl.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+#ifndef _MINIX
+# include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "posixtime.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H) && !defined (RLIMTYPE)
+# include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_SYS_TIMES_H) && defined (HAVE_TIMES)
+# include <sys/times.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#define NEED_FPURGE_DECL
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include "memalloc.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include <y.tab.h> /* use <...> so we pick it up from the build directory */
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "hashlib.h"
+#include "jobs.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+#include "findcmd.h"
+#include "redir.h"
+#include "trap.h"
+#include "pathexp.h"
+#include "hashcmd.h"
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+# include "test.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+#include "builtins/builtext.h" /* list of builtins */
+
+#include <glob/strmatch.h>
+#include <tilde/tilde.h>
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+# include "input.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+# include "alias.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "bashhist.h"
+#endif
+
+extern int dollar_dollar_pid;
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern int expand_aliases;
+extern int autocd;
+extern int breaking, continuing, loop_level;
+extern int parse_and_execute_level, running_trap, sourcelevel;
+extern int command_string_index, line_number;
+extern int dot_found_in_search;
+extern int already_making_children;
+extern int tempenv_assign_error;
+extern char *the_printed_command, *shell_name;
+extern pid_t last_command_subst_pid;
+extern sh_builtin_func_t *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin;
+extern char **subshell_argv, **subshell_envp;
+extern int subshell_argc;
+extern time_t shell_start_time;
+#if 0
+extern char *glob_argv_flags;
+#endif
+
+extern int close __P((int));
+
+/* Static functions defined and used in this file. */
+static void close_pipes __P((int, int));
+static void do_piping __P((int, int));
+static void bind_lastarg __P((char *));
+static int shell_control_structure __P((enum command_type));
+static void cleanup_redirects __P((REDIRECT *));
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+static int restore_signal_mask __P((sigset_t *));
+#endif
+
+static void async_redirect_stdin __P((void));
+
+static int builtin_status __P((int));
+
+static int execute_for_command __P((FOR_COM *));
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+static int displen __P((const char *));
+static int print_index_and_element __P((int, int, WORD_LIST *));
+static void indent __P((int, int));
+static void print_select_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int, int, int));
+static char *select_query __P((WORD_LIST *, int, char *, int));
+static int execute_select_command __P((SELECT_COM *));
+#endif
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+static int execute_arith_command __P((ARITH_COM *));
+#endif
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static int execute_cond_node __P((COND_COM *));
+static int execute_cond_command __P((COND_COM *));
+#endif
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+static int mkfmt __P((char *, int, int, time_t, int));
+static void print_formatted_time __P((FILE *, char *,
+ time_t, int, time_t, int,
+ time_t, int, int));
+static int time_command __P((COMMAND *, int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *));
+#endif
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+static intmax_t eval_arith_for_expr __P((WORD_LIST *, int *));
+static int execute_arith_for_command __P((ARITH_FOR_COM *));
+#endif
+static int execute_case_command __P((CASE_COM *));
+static int execute_while_command __P((WHILE_COM *));
+static int execute_until_command __P((WHILE_COM *));
+static int execute_while_or_until __P((WHILE_COM *, int));
+static int execute_if_command __P((IF_COM *));
+static int execute_null_command __P((REDIRECT *, int, int, int));
+static void fix_assignment_words __P((WORD_LIST *));
+static int execute_simple_command __P((SIMPLE_COM *, int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *));
+static int execute_builtin __P((sh_builtin_func_t *, WORD_LIST *, int, int));
+static int execute_function __P((SHELL_VAR *, WORD_LIST *, int, struct fd_bitmap *, int, int));
+static int execute_builtin_or_function __P((WORD_LIST *, sh_builtin_func_t *,
+ SHELL_VAR *,
+ REDIRECT *, struct fd_bitmap *, int));
+static void execute_subshell_builtin_or_function __P((WORD_LIST *, REDIRECT *,
+ sh_builtin_func_t *,
+ SHELL_VAR *,
+ int, int, int,
+ struct fd_bitmap *,
+ int));
+static int execute_disk_command __P((WORD_LIST *, REDIRECT *, char *,
+ int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *, int));
+
+static char *getinterp __P((char *, int, int *));
+static void initialize_subshell __P((void));
+static int execute_in_subshell __P((COMMAND *, int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *));
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+static int execute_coproc __P((COMMAND *, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *));
+#endif
+
+static int execute_pipeline __P((COMMAND *, int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *));
+
+static int execute_connection __P((COMMAND *, int, int, int, struct fd_bitmap *));
+
+static int execute_intern_function __P((WORD_DESC *, FUNCTION_DEF *));
+
+/* Set to 1 if fd 0 was the subject of redirection to a subshell. Global
+ so that reader_loop can set it to zero before executing a command. */
+int stdin_redir;
+
+/* The name of the command that is currently being executed.
+ `test' needs this, for example. */
+char *this_command_name;
+
+/* The printed representation of the currently-executing command (same as
+ the_printed_command), except when a trap is being executed. Useful for
+ a debugger to know where exactly the program is currently executing. */
+char *the_printed_command_except_trap;
+
+/* For catching RETURN in a function. */
+int return_catch_flag;
+int return_catch_value;
+procenv_t return_catch;
+
+/* The value returned by the last synchronous command. */
+int last_command_exit_value;
+
+/* Whether or not the last command (corresponding to last_command_exit_value)
+ was terminated by a signal, and, if so, which one. */
+int last_command_exit_signal;
+
+/* The list of redirections to perform which will undo the redirections
+ that I made in the shell. */
+REDIRECT *redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+
+/* The list of redirections to perform which will undo the internal
+ redirections performed by the `exec' builtin. These are redirections
+ that must be undone even when exec discards redirection_undo_list. */
+REDIRECT *exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+
+/* When greater than zero, value is the `level' of builtins we are
+ currently executing (e.g. `eval echo a' would have it set to 2). */
+int executing_builtin = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero if we are executing a command list (a;b;c, etc.) */
+int executing_list = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero if failing commands in a command substitution should not exit the
+ shell even if -e is set. Used to pass the CMD_IGNORE_RETURN flag down to
+ commands run in command substitutions by parse_and_execute. */
+int comsub_ignore_return = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero if we have just forked and are currently running in a subshell
+ environment. */
+int subshell_environment;
+
+/* Count of nested subshells, like SHLVL. Available via $BASH_SUBSHELL */
+int subshell_level = 0;
+
+/* Currently-executing shell function. */
+SHELL_VAR *this_shell_function;
+
+/* If non-zero, matches in case and [[ ... ]] are case-insensitive */
+int match_ignore_case = 0;
+
+int executing_command_builtin = 0;
+
+struct stat SB; /* used for debugging */
+
+static int special_builtin_failed;
+
+static COMMAND *currently_executing_command;
+
+/* The line number that the currently executing function starts on. */
+static int function_line_number;
+
+/* XXX - set to 1 if we're running the DEBUG trap and we want to show the line
+ number containing the function name. Used by executing_line_number to
+ report the correct line number. Kind of a hack. */
+static int showing_function_line;
+
+static int line_number_for_err_trap;
+
+/* A sort of function nesting level counter */
+int funcnest = 0;
+int funcnest_max = 0; /* XXX - bash-4.2 */
+
+int lastpipe_opt = 0;
+
+struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
+
+#define FD_BITMAP_DEFAULT_SIZE 32
+
+/* Functions to allocate and deallocate the structures used to pass
+ information from the shell to its children about file descriptors
+ to close. */
+struct fd_bitmap *
+new_fd_bitmap (size)
+ int size;
+{
+ struct fd_bitmap *ret;
+
+ ret = (struct fd_bitmap *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct fd_bitmap));
+
+ ret->size = size;
+
+ if (size)
+ {
+ ret->bitmap = (char *)xmalloc (size);
+ memset (ret->bitmap, '\0', size);
+ }
+ else
+ ret->bitmap = (char *)NULL;
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+void
+dispose_fd_bitmap (fdbp)
+ struct fd_bitmap *fdbp;
+{
+ FREE (fdbp->bitmap);
+ free (fdbp);
+}
+
+void
+close_fd_bitmap (fdbp)
+ struct fd_bitmap *fdbp;
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ if (fdbp)
+ {
+ for (i = 0; i < fdbp->size; i++)
+ if (fdbp->bitmap[i])
+ {
+ close (i);
+ fdbp->bitmap[i] = 0;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return the line number of the currently executing command. */
+int
+executing_line_number ()
+{
+ if (executing && showing_function_line == 0 &&
+ (variable_context == 0 || interactive_shell == 0) &&
+ currently_executing_command)
+ {
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ if (currently_executing_command->type == cm_cond)
+ return currently_executing_command->value.Cond->line;
+#endif
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ else if (currently_executing_command->type == cm_arith)
+ return currently_executing_command->value.Arith->line;
+#endif
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ else if (currently_executing_command->type == cm_arith_for)
+ return currently_executing_command->value.ArithFor->line;
+#endif
+
+ return line_number;
+ }
+ else
+ return line_number;
+}
+
+/* Execute the command passed in COMMAND. COMMAND is exactly what
+ read_command () places into GLOBAL_COMMAND. See "command.h" for the
+ details of the command structure.
+
+ EXECUTION_SUCCESS or EXECUTION_FAILURE are the only possible
+ return values. Executing a command with nothing in it returns
+ EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */
+int
+execute_command (command)
+ COMMAND *command;
+{
+ struct fd_bitmap *bitmap;
+ int result;
+
+ current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
+ bitmap = new_fd_bitmap (FD_BITMAP_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+ begin_unwind_frame ("execute-command");
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_fd_bitmap, (char *)bitmap);
+
+ /* Just do the command, but not asynchronously. */
+ result = execute_command_internal (command, 0, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, bitmap);
+
+ dispose_fd_bitmap (bitmap);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("execute-command");
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ /* don't unlink fifos if we're in a shell function; wait until the function
+ returns. */
+ if (variable_context == 0)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+ QUIT;
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if TYPE is a shell control structure type. */
+static int
+shell_control_structure (type)
+ enum command_type type;
+{
+ switch (type)
+ {
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ case cm_arith_for:
+#endif
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ case cm_select:
+#endif
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ case cm_arith:
+#endif
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ case cm_cond:
+#endif
+ case cm_case:
+ case cm_while:
+ case cm_until:
+ case cm_if:
+ case cm_for:
+ case cm_group:
+ case cm_function_def:
+ return (1);
+
+ default:
+ return (0);
+ }
+}
+
+/* A function to use to unwind_protect the redirection undo list
+ for loops. */
+static void
+cleanup_redirects (list)
+ REDIRECT *list;
+{
+ do_redirections (list, RX_ACTIVE);
+ dispose_redirects (list);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* Function to unwind_protect the redirections for functions and builtins. */
+static void
+cleanup_func_redirects (list)
+ REDIRECT *list;
+{
+ do_redirections (list, RX_ACTIVE);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+dispose_exec_redirects ()
+{
+ if (exec_redirection_undo_list)
+ {
+ dispose_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list);
+ exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+/* A function to restore the signal mask to its proper value when the shell
+ is interrupted or errors occur while creating a pipeline. */
+static int
+restore_signal_mask (set)
+ sigset_t *set;
+{
+ return (sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, set, (sigset_t *)NULL));
+}
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+/* A debugging function that can be called from gdb, for instance. */
+void
+open_files ()
+{
+ register int i;
+ int f, fd_table_size;
+
+ fd_table_size = getdtablesize ();
+
+ fprintf (stderr, "pid %ld open files:", (long)getpid ());
+ for (i = 3; i < fd_table_size; i++)
+ {
+ if ((f = fcntl (i, F_GETFD, 0)) != -1)
+ fprintf (stderr, " %d (%s)", i, f ? "close" : "open");
+ }
+ fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+async_redirect_stdin ()
+{
+ int fd;
+
+ fd = open ("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd > 0)
+ {
+ dup2 (fd, 0);
+ close (fd);
+ }
+ else if (fd < 0)
+ internal_error (_("cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"), strerror (errno));
+}
+
+#define DESCRIBE_PID(pid) do { if (interactive) describe_pid (pid); } while (0)
+
+/* Execute the command passed in COMMAND, perhaps doing it asynchrounously.
+ COMMAND is exactly what read_command () places into GLOBAL_COMMAND.
+ ASYNCHROUNOUS, if non-zero, says to do this command in the background.
+ PIPE_IN and PIPE_OUT are file descriptors saying where input comes
+ from and where it goes. They can have the value of NO_PIPE, which means
+ I/O is stdin/stdout.
+ FDS_TO_CLOSE is a list of file descriptors to close once the child has
+ been forked. This list often contains the unusable sides of pipes, etc.
+
+ EXECUTION_SUCCESS or EXECUTION_FAILURE are the only possible
+ return values. Executing a command with nothing in it returns
+ EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */
+int
+execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,
+ fds_to_close)
+ COMMAND *command;
+ int asynchronous;
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+{
+ int exec_result, user_subshell, invert, ignore_return, was_error_trap;
+ REDIRECT *my_undo_list, *exec_undo_list;
+ volatile int last_pid;
+ volatile int save_line_number;
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ volatile int ofifo, nfifo, osize, saved_fifo;
+ volatile char *ofifo_list;
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+ if (command == 0 || breaking || continuing || read_but_dont_execute)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+#else
+ if (breaking || continuing)
+ return (last_command_exit_value);
+ if (command == 0 || read_but_dont_execute)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+
+ QUIT;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+
+#if 0
+ if (running_trap == 0)
+#endif
+ currently_executing_command = command;
+
+ invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+
+ /* If we're inverting the return value and `set -e' has been executed,
+ we don't want a failing command to inadvertently cause the shell
+ to exit. */
+ if (exit_immediately_on_error && invert) /* XXX */
+ command->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN; /* XXX */
+
+ exec_result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+
+ /* If a command was being explicitly run in a subshell, or if it is
+ a shell control-structure, and it has a pipe, then we do the command
+ in a subshell. */
+ if (command->type == cm_subshell && (command->flags & CMD_NO_FORK))
+ return (execute_in_subshell (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close));
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ if (command->type == cm_coproc)
+ return (execute_coproc (command, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close));
+#endif
+
+ user_subshell = command->type == cm_subshell || ((command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) != 0);
+
+ if (command->type == cm_subshell ||
+ (command->flags & (CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL)) ||
+ (shell_control_structure (command->type) &&
+ (pipe_out != NO_PIPE || pipe_in != NO_PIPE || asynchronous)))
+ {
+ pid_t paren_pid;
+
+ /* Fork a subshell, turn off the subshell bit, turn off job
+ control and call execute_command () on the command again. */
+ line_number_for_err_trap = line_number;
+ paren_pid = make_child (savestring (make_command_string (command)),
+ asynchronous);
+ if (paren_pid == 0)
+ exit (execute_in_subshell (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close));
+ /* NOTREACHED */
+ else
+ {
+ close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ if (variable_context == 0) /* wait until shell function completes */
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+ /* If we are part of a pipeline, and not the end of the pipeline,
+ then we should simply return and let the last command in the
+ pipe be waited for. If we are not in a pipeline, or are the
+ last command in the pipeline, then we wait for the subshell
+ and return its exit status as usual. */
+ if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+ stop_pipeline (asynchronous, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+
+ if (asynchronous == 0)
+ {
+ was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+ invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+ ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
+ exec_result = wait_for (paren_pid);
+
+ /* If we have to, invert the return value. */
+ if (invert)
+ exec_result = ((exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ ? EXECUTION_FAILURE
+ : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ if (user_subshell && was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ line_number = line_number_for_err_trap;
+ run_error_trap ();
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ }
+
+ if (user_subshell && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ run_pending_traps ();
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
+ return (last_command_exit_value);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DESCRIBE_PID (paren_pid);
+
+ run_pending_traps ();
+
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ if (command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE)
+ {
+ if (asynchronous)
+ {
+ command->flags |= CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL;
+ exec_result = execute_command_internal (command, 1, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ exec_result = time_command (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+#if 0
+ if (running_trap == 0)
+#endif
+ currently_executing_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ }
+ return (exec_result);
+ }
+#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
+
+ if (shell_control_structure (command->type) && command->redirects)
+ stdin_redir = stdin_redirects (command->redirects);
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ if (variable_context != 0)
+ {
+ ofifo = num_fifos ();
+ ofifo_list = copy_fifo_list (&osize);
+ saved_fifo = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ saved_fifo = 0;
+#endif
+
+ /* Handle WHILE FOR CASE etc. with redirections. (Also '&' input
+ redirection.) */
+ if (do_redirections (command->redirects, RX_ACTIVE|RX_UNDOABLE) != 0)
+ {
+ cleanup_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ dispose_exec_redirects ();
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ if (saved_fifo)
+ free (ofifo_list);
+#endif
+ return (last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ if (redirection_undo_list)
+ {
+ /* XXX - why copy here? */
+ my_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)copy_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+ dispose_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ my_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+
+ if (exec_redirection_undo_list)
+ {
+ /* XXX - why copy here? */
+ exec_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)copy_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list);
+ dispose_redirects (exec_redirection_undo_list);
+ exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ exec_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+
+ if (my_undo_list || exec_undo_list)
+ begin_unwind_frame ("loop_redirections");
+
+ if (my_undo_list)
+ add_unwind_protect ((Function *)cleanup_redirects, my_undo_list);
+
+ if (exec_undo_list)
+ add_unwind_protect ((Function *)dispose_redirects, exec_undo_list);
+
+ ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
+ QUIT;
+
+ switch (command->type)
+ {
+ case cm_simple:
+ {
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ /* We can't rely on variables retaining their values across a
+ call to execute_simple_command if a longjmp occurs as the
+ result of a `return' builtin. This is true for sure with gcc. */
+#if defined (RECYCLES_PIDS)
+ last_made_pid = NO_PID;
+#endif
+ last_pid = last_made_pid;
+ was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+
+ if (ignore_return && command->value.Simple)
+ command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ if (command->flags & CMD_STDIN_REDIR)
+ command->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_STDIN_REDIR;
+
+ line_number_for_err_trap = line_number = command->value.Simple->line;
+ exec_result =
+ execute_simple_command (command->value.Simple, pipe_in, pipe_out,
+ asynchronous, fds_to_close);
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+
+ /* The temporary environment should be used for only the simple
+ command immediately following its definition. */
+ dispose_used_env_vars ();
+
+#if (defined (ultrix) && defined (mips)) || defined (C_ALLOCA)
+ /* Reclaim memory allocated with alloca () on machines which
+ may be using the alloca emulation code. */
+ (void) alloca (0);
+#endif /* (ultrix && mips) || C_ALLOCA */
+
+ /* If we forked to do the command, then we must wait_for ()
+ the child. */
+
+ /* XXX - this is something to watch out for if there are problems
+ when the shell is compiled without job control. */
+ if (already_making_children && pipe_out == NO_PIPE &&
+ last_made_pid != last_pid)
+ {
+ stop_pipeline (asynchronous, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+
+ if (asynchronous)
+ {
+ DESCRIBE_PID (last_made_pid);
+ }
+ else
+#if !defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* Do not wait for asynchronous processes started from
+ startup files. */
+ if (last_made_pid != last_asynchronous_pid)
+#endif
+ /* When executing a shell function that executes other
+ commands, this causes the last simple command in
+ the function to be waited for twice. This also causes
+ subshells forked to execute builtin commands (e.g., in
+ pipelines) to be waited for twice. */
+ exec_result = wait_for (last_made_pid);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* 2009/02/13 -- pipeline failure is processed elsewhere. This handles
+ only the failure of a simple command. */
+ if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ line_number = line_number_for_err_trap;
+ run_error_trap ();
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ }
+
+ if (ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 &&
+ ((posixly_correct && interactive == 0 && special_builtin_failed) ||
+ (exit_immediately_on_error && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)))
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case cm_for:
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.For->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result = execute_for_command (command->value.For);
+ break;
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ case cm_arith_for:
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.ArithFor->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result = execute_arith_for_command (command->value.ArithFor);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ case cm_select:
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.Select->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result = execute_select_command (command->value.Select);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+ case cm_case:
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.Case->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result = execute_case_command (command->value.Case);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_while:
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.While->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result = execute_while_command (command->value.While);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_until:
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.While->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result = execute_until_command (command->value.While);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_if:
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.If->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result = execute_if_command (command->value.If);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_group:
+
+ /* This code can be executed from either of two paths: an explicit
+ '{}' command, or via a function call. If we are executed via a
+ function call, we have already taken care of the function being
+ executed in the background (down there in execute_simple_command ()),
+ and this command should *not* be marked as asynchronous. If we
+ are executing a regular '{}' group command, and asynchronous == 1,
+ we must want to execute the whole command in the background, so we
+ need a subshell, and we want the stuff executed in that subshell
+ (this group command) to be executed in the foreground of that
+ subshell (i.e. there will not be *another* subshell forked).
+
+ What we do is to force a subshell if asynchronous, and then call
+ execute_command_internal again with asynchronous still set to 1,
+ but with the original group command, so the printed command will
+ look right.
+
+ The code above that handles forking off subshells will note that
+ both subshell and async are on, and turn off async in the child
+ after forking the subshell (but leave async set in the parent, so
+ the normal call to describe_pid is made). This turning off
+ async is *crucial*; if it is not done, this will fall into an
+ infinite loop of executions through this spot in subshell after
+ subshell until the process limit is exhausted. */
+
+ if (asynchronous)
+ {
+ command->flags |= CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL;
+ exec_result =
+ execute_command_internal (command, 1, pipe_in, pipe_out,
+ fds_to_close);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (ignore_return && command->value.Group->command)
+ command->value.Group->command->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ exec_result =
+ execute_command_internal (command->value.Group->command,
+ asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,
+ fds_to_close);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case cm_connection:
+ exec_result = execute_connection (command, asynchronous,
+ pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ break;
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ case cm_arith:
+ was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.Arith->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ line_number_for_err_trap = save_line_number = line_number;
+ exec_result = execute_arith_command (command->value.Arith);
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+
+ if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ line_number = line_number_for_err_trap;
+ run_error_trap ();
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ }
+
+ if (ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ case cm_cond:
+ was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+ if (ignore_return)
+ command->value.Cond->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ line_number_for_err_trap = save_line_number = line_number;
+ exec_result = execute_cond_command (command->value.Cond);
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+
+ if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ line_number = line_number_for_err_trap;
+ run_error_trap ();
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ }
+
+ if (ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
+ break;
+#endif
+
+ case cm_function_def:
+ exec_result = execute_intern_function (command->value.Function_def->name,
+ command->value.Function_def);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ command_error ("execute_command", CMDERR_BADTYPE, command->type, 0);
+ }
+
+ if (my_undo_list)
+ {
+ do_redirections (my_undo_list, RX_ACTIVE);
+ dispose_redirects (my_undo_list);
+ }
+
+ if (exec_undo_list)
+ dispose_redirects (exec_undo_list);
+
+ if (my_undo_list || exec_undo_list)
+ discard_unwind_frame ("loop_redirections");
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ if (saved_fifo)
+ {
+ nfifo = num_fifos ();
+ if (nfifo > ofifo)
+ close_new_fifos (ofifo_list, osize);
+ free (ofifo_list);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* Invert the return value if we have to */
+ if (invert)
+ exec_result = (exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ ? EXECUTION_FAILURE
+ : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ /* This is where we set PIPESTATUS from the exit status of the appropriate
+ compound commands (the ones that look enough like simple commands to
+ cause confusion). We might be able to optimize by not doing this if
+ subshell_environment != 0. */
+ switch (command->type)
+ {
+# if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ case cm_arith:
+# endif
+# if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ case cm_cond:
+# endif
+ set_pipestatus_from_exit (exec_result);
+ break;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+#if 0
+ if (running_trap == 0)
+#endif
+ currently_executing_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+
+ return (last_command_exit_value);
+}
+
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+
+#if defined (HAVE_GETRUSAGE) && defined (HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
+extern struct timeval *difftimeval __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
+extern struct timeval *addtimeval __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
+extern int timeval_to_cpu __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
+#endif
+
+#define POSIX_TIMEFORMAT "real %2R\nuser %2U\nsys %2S"
+#define BASH_TIMEFORMAT "\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS"
+
+static const int precs[] = { 0, 100, 10, 1 };
+
+/* Expand one `%'-prefixed escape sequence from a time format string. */
+static int
+mkfmt (buf, prec, lng, sec, sec_fraction)
+ char *buf;
+ int prec, lng;
+ time_t sec;
+ int sec_fraction;
+{
+ time_t min;
+ char abuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(time_t) + 1];
+ int ind, aind;
+
+ ind = 0;
+ abuf[sizeof(abuf) - 1] = '\0';
+
+ /* If LNG is non-zero, we want to decompose SEC into minutes and seconds. */
+ if (lng)
+ {
+ min = sec / 60;
+ sec %= 60;
+ aind = sizeof(abuf) - 2;
+ do
+ abuf[aind--] = (min % 10) + '0';
+ while (min /= 10);
+ aind++;
+ while (abuf[aind])
+ buf[ind++] = abuf[aind++];
+ buf[ind++] = 'm';
+ }
+
+ /* Now add the seconds. */
+ aind = sizeof (abuf) - 2;
+ do
+ abuf[aind--] = (sec % 10) + '0';
+ while (sec /= 10);
+ aind++;
+ while (abuf[aind])
+ buf[ind++] = abuf[aind++];
+
+ /* We want to add a decimal point and PREC places after it if PREC is
+ nonzero. PREC is not greater than 3. SEC_FRACTION is between 0
+ and 999. */
+ if (prec != 0)
+ {
+ buf[ind++] = '.';
+ for (aind = 1; aind <= prec; aind++)
+ {
+ buf[ind++] = (sec_fraction / precs[aind]) + '0';
+ sec_fraction %= precs[aind];
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (lng)
+ buf[ind++] = 's';
+ buf[ind] = '\0';
+
+ return (ind);
+}
+
+/* Interpret the format string FORMAT, interpolating the following escape
+ sequences:
+ %[prec][l][RUS]
+
+ where the optional `prec' is a precision, meaning the number of
+ characters after the decimal point, the optional `l' means to format
+ using minutes and seconds (MMmNN[.FF]s), like the `times' builtin',
+ and the last character is one of
+
+ R number of seconds of `real' time
+ U number of seconds of `user' time
+ S number of seconds of `system' time
+
+ An occurrence of `%%' in the format string is translated to a `%'. The
+ result is printed to FP, a pointer to a FILE. The other variables are
+ the seconds and thousandths of a second of real, user, and system time,
+ resectively. */
+static void
+print_formatted_time (fp, format, rs, rsf, us, usf, ss, ssf, cpu)
+ FILE *fp;
+ char *format;
+ time_t rs;
+ int rsf;
+ time_t us;
+ int usf;
+ time_t ss;
+ int ssf, cpu;
+{
+ int prec, lng, len;
+ char *str, *s, ts[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (time_t) + sizeof ("mSS.FFFF")];
+ time_t sum;
+ int sum_frac;
+ int sindex, ssize;
+
+ len = strlen (format);
+ ssize = (len + 64) - (len % 64);
+ str = (char *)xmalloc (ssize);
+ sindex = 0;
+
+ for (s = format; *s; s++)
+ {
+ if (*s != '%' || s[1] == '\0')
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (str, sindex, 1, ssize, 64);
+ str[sindex++] = *s;
+ }
+ else if (s[1] == '%')
+ {
+ s++;
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (str, sindex, 1, ssize, 64);
+ str[sindex++] = *s;
+ }
+ else if (s[1] == 'P')
+ {
+ s++;
+#if 0
+ /* clamp CPU usage at 100% */
+ if (cpu > 10000)
+ cpu = 10000;
+#endif
+ sum = cpu / 100;
+ sum_frac = (cpu % 100) * 10;
+ len = mkfmt (ts, 2, 0, sum, sum_frac);
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (str, sindex, len, ssize, 64);
+ strcpy (str + sindex, ts);
+ sindex += len;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ prec = 3; /* default is three places past the decimal point. */
+ lng = 0; /* default is to not use minutes or append `s' */
+ s++;
+ if (DIGIT (*s)) /* `precision' */
+ {
+ prec = *s++ - '0';
+ if (prec > 3) prec = 3;
+ }
+ if (*s == 'l') /* `length extender' */
+ {
+ lng = 1;
+ s++;
+ }
+ if (*s == 'R' || *s == 'E')
+ len = mkfmt (ts, prec, lng, rs, rsf);
+ else if (*s == 'U')
+ len = mkfmt (ts, prec, lng, us, usf);
+ else if (*s == 'S')
+ len = mkfmt (ts, prec, lng, ss, ssf);
+ else
+ {
+ internal_error (_("TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"), *s);
+ free (str);
+ return;
+ }
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (str, sindex, len, ssize, 64);
+ strcpy (str + sindex, ts);
+ sindex += len;
+ }
+ }
+
+ str[sindex] = '\0';
+ fprintf (fp, "%s\n", str);
+ fflush (fp);
+
+ free (str);
+}
+
+static int
+time_command (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
+ COMMAND *command;
+ int asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+{
+ int rv, posix_time, old_flags, nullcmd;
+ time_t rs, us, ss;
+ int rsf, usf, ssf;
+ int cpu;
+ char *time_format;
+
+#if defined (HAVE_GETRUSAGE) && defined (HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
+ struct timeval real, user, sys;
+ struct timeval before, after;
+# if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE)
+ struct timezone dtz; /* posix doesn't define this */
+# endif
+ struct rusage selfb, selfa, kidsb, kidsa; /* a = after, b = before */
+#else
+# if defined (HAVE_TIMES)
+ clock_t tbefore, tafter, real, user, sys;
+ struct tms before, after;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_GETRUSAGE) && defined (HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
+# if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE)
+ gettimeofday (&before, &dtz);
+# else
+ gettimeofday (&before, (void *)NULL);
+# endif /* !HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE */
+ getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &selfb);
+ getrusage (RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &kidsb);
+#else
+# if defined (HAVE_TIMES)
+ tbefore = times (&before);
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ posix_time = command && (command->flags & CMD_TIME_POSIX);
+
+ nullcmd = (command == 0) || (command->type == cm_simple && command->value.Simple->words == 0 && command->value.Simple->redirects == 0);
+ if (posixly_correct && nullcmd)
+ {
+#if defined (HAVE_GETRUSAGE)
+ selfb.ru_utime.tv_sec = kidsb.ru_utime.tv_sec = selfb.ru_stime.tv_sec = kidsb.ru_stime.tv_sec = 0;
+ selfb.ru_utime.tv_usec = kidsb.ru_utime.tv_usec = selfb.ru_stime.tv_usec = kidsb.ru_stime.tv_usec = 0;
+ before.tv_sec = shell_start_time;
+ before.tv_usec = 0;
+#else
+ before.tms_utime = before.tms_stime = before.tms_cutime = before.tms_cstime = 0;
+ tbefore = shell_start_time;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ old_flags = command->flags;
+ command->flags &= ~(CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX);
+ rv = execute_command_internal (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ command->flags = old_flags;
+
+ rs = us = ss = 0;
+ rsf = usf = ssf = cpu = 0;
+
+#if defined (HAVE_GETRUSAGE) && defined (HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY)
+# if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE)
+ gettimeofday (&after, &dtz);
+# else
+ gettimeofday (&after, (void *)NULL);
+# endif /* !HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE */
+ getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &selfa);
+ getrusage (RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &kidsa);
+
+ difftimeval (&real, &before, &after);
+ timeval_to_secs (&real, &rs, &rsf);
+
+ addtimeval (&user, difftimeval(&after, &selfb.ru_utime, &selfa.ru_utime),
+ difftimeval(&before, &kidsb.ru_utime, &kidsa.ru_utime));
+ timeval_to_secs (&user, &us, &usf);
+
+ addtimeval (&sys, difftimeval(&after, &selfb.ru_stime, &selfa.ru_stime),
+ difftimeval(&before, &kidsb.ru_stime, &kidsa.ru_stime));
+ timeval_to_secs (&sys, &ss, &ssf);
+
+ cpu = timeval_to_cpu (&real, &user, &sys);
+#else
+# if defined (HAVE_TIMES)
+ tafter = times (&after);
+
+ real = tafter - tbefore;
+ clock_t_to_secs (real, &rs, &rsf);
+
+ user = (after.tms_utime - before.tms_utime) + (after.tms_cutime - before.tms_cutime);
+ clock_t_to_secs (user, &us, &usf);
+
+ sys = (after.tms_stime - before.tms_stime) + (after.tms_cstime - before.tms_cstime);
+ clock_t_to_secs (sys, &ss, &ssf);
+
+ cpu = (real == 0) ? 0 : ((user + sys) * 10000) / real;
+
+# else
+ rs = us = ss = 0;
+ rsf = usf = ssf = cpu = 0;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ if (posix_time)
+ time_format = POSIX_TIMEFORMAT;
+ else if ((time_format = get_string_value ("TIMEFORMAT")) == 0)
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct && nullcmd)
+ time_format = "user\t%2lU\nsys\t%2lS";
+ else
+ time_format = BASH_TIMEFORMAT;
+ }
+ if (time_format && *time_format)
+ print_formatted_time (stderr, time_format, rs, rsf, us, usf, ss, ssf, cpu);
+
+ return rv;
+}
+#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
+
+/* Execute a command that's supposed to be in a subshell. This must be
+ called after make_child and we must be running in the child process.
+ The caller will return or exit() immediately with the value this returns. */
+static int
+execute_in_subshell (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
+ COMMAND *command;
+ int asynchronous;
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+{
+ int user_subshell, return_code, function_value, should_redir_stdin, invert;
+ int ois, user_coproc;
+ int result;
+ volatile COMMAND *tcom;
+
+ USE_VAR(user_subshell);
+ USE_VAR(user_coproc);
+ USE_VAR(invert);
+ USE_VAR(tcom);
+ USE_VAR(asynchronous);
+
+ subshell_level++;
+ should_redir_stdin = (asynchronous && (command->flags & CMD_STDIN_REDIR) &&
+ pipe_in == NO_PIPE &&
+ stdin_redirects (command->redirects) == 0);
+
+ invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+ user_subshell = command->type == cm_subshell || ((command->flags & CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL) != 0);
+ user_coproc = command->type == cm_coproc;
+
+ command->flags &= ~(CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL | CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL | CMD_INVERT_RETURN);
+
+ /* If a command is asynchronous in a subshell (like ( foo ) & or
+ the special case of an asynchronous GROUP command where the
+ the subshell bit is turned on down in case cm_group: below),
+ turn off `asynchronous', so that two subshells aren't spawned.
+ XXX - asynchronous used to be set to 0 in this block, but that
+ means that setup_async_signals was never run. Now it's set to
+ 0 after subshell_environment is set appropriately and setup_async_signals
+ is run.
+
+ This seems semantically correct to me. For example,
+ ( foo ) & seems to say ``do the command `foo' in a subshell
+ environment, but don't wait for that subshell to finish'',
+ and "{ foo ; bar ; } &" seems to me to be like functions or
+ builtins in the background, which executed in a subshell
+ environment. I just don't see the need to fork two subshells. */
+
+ /* Don't fork again, we are already in a subshell. A `doubly
+ async' shell is not interactive, however. */
+ if (asynchronous)
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* If a construct like ( exec xxx yyy ) & is given while job
+ control is active, we want to prevent exec from putting the
+ subshell back into the original process group, carefully
+ undoing all the work we just did in make_child. */
+ original_pgrp = -1;
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+ ois = interactive_shell;
+ interactive_shell = 0;
+ /* This test is to prevent alias expansion by interactive shells that
+ run `(command) &' but to allow scripts that have enabled alias
+ expansion with `shopt -s expand_alias' to continue to expand
+ aliases. */
+ if (ois != interactive_shell)
+ expand_aliases = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Subshells are neither login nor interactive. */
+ login_shell = interactive = 0;
+
+ if (user_subshell)
+ subshell_environment = SUBSHELL_PAREN;
+ else
+ {
+ subshell_environment = 0; /* XXX */
+ if (asynchronous)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_ASYNC;
+ if (pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_PIPE;
+ if (user_coproc)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COPROC;
+ }
+
+ reset_terminating_signals (); /* in sig.c */
+ /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */
+ /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the
+ trap strings. Set a flag noting that we have to free the
+ trap strings if we run trap to change a signal disposition. */
+ reset_signal_handlers ();
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_RESETTRAP;
+
+ /* Make sure restore_original_signals doesn't undo the work done by
+ make_child to ensure that asynchronous children are immune to SIGINT
+ and SIGQUIT. Turn off asynchronous to make sure more subshells are
+ not spawned. */
+ if (asynchronous)
+ {
+ setup_async_signals ();
+ asynchronous = 0;
+ }
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ set_sigchld_handler ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ set_sigint_handler ();
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* Delete all traces that there were any jobs running. This is
+ only for subshells. */
+ without_job_control ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ if (fds_to_close)
+ close_fd_bitmap (fds_to_close);
+
+ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_closeall ();
+#endif
+
+ /* If this is a user subshell, set a flag if stdin was redirected.
+ This is used later to decide whether to redirect fd 0 to
+ /dev/null for async commands in the subshell. This adds more
+ sh compatibility, but I'm not sure it's the right thing to do. */
+ if (user_subshell)
+ {
+ stdin_redir = stdin_redirects (command->redirects);
+ restore_default_signal (0);
+ }
+
+ /* If this is an asynchronous command (command &), we want to
+ redirect the standard input from /dev/null in the absence of
+ any specific redirection involving stdin. */
+ if (should_redir_stdin && stdin_redir == 0)
+ async_redirect_stdin ();
+
+ /* Do redirections, then dispose of them before recursive call. */
+ if (command->redirects)
+ {
+ if (do_redirections (command->redirects, RX_ACTIVE) != 0)
+ exit (invert ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+ dispose_redirects (command->redirects);
+ command->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (command->type == cm_subshell)
+ tcom = command->value.Subshell->command;
+ else if (user_coproc)
+ tcom = command->value.Coproc->command;
+ else
+ tcom = command;
+
+ if (command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE)
+ tcom->flags |= CMD_TIME_PIPELINE;
+ if (command->flags & CMD_TIME_POSIX)
+ tcom->flags |= CMD_TIME_POSIX;
+
+ /* Make sure the subshell inherits any CMD_IGNORE_RETURN flag. */
+ if ((command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) && tcom != command)
+ tcom->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ /* If this is a simple command, tell execute_disk_command that it
+ might be able to get away without forking and simply exec.
+ This means things like ( sleep 10 ) will only cause one fork.
+ If we're timing the command or inverting its return value, however,
+ we cannot do this optimization. */
+ if ((user_subshell || user_coproc) && (tcom->type == cm_simple || tcom->type == cm_subshell) &&
+ ((tcom->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE) == 0) &&
+ ((tcom->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) == 0))
+ {
+ tcom->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK;
+ if (tcom->type == cm_simple)
+ tcom->value.Simple->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK;
+ }
+
+ invert = (tcom->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+ tcom->flags &= ~CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+
+ result = setjmp (top_level);
+
+ /* If we're inside a function while executing this subshell, we
+ need to handle a possible `return'. */
+ function_value = 0;
+ if (return_catch_flag)
+ function_value = setjmp (return_catch);
+
+ /* If we're going to exit the shell, we don't want to invert the return
+ status. */
+ if (result == EXITPROG)
+ invert = 0, return_code = last_command_exit_value;
+ else if (result)
+ return_code = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ else if (function_value)
+ return_code = return_catch_value;
+ else
+ return_code = execute_command_internal ((COMMAND *)tcom, asynchronous, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, fds_to_close);
+
+ /* If we are asked to, invert the return value. */
+ if (invert)
+ return_code = (return_code == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE
+ : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+
+ /* If we were explicitly placed in a subshell with (), we need
+ to do the `shell cleanup' things, such as running traps[0]. */
+ if (user_subshell && signal_is_trapped (0))
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = return_code;
+ return_code = run_exit_trap ();
+ }
+
+ subshell_level--;
+ return (return_code);
+ /* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+#define COPROC_MAX 16
+
+typedef struct cpelement
+ {
+ struct cpelement *next;
+ struct coproc *coproc;
+ }
+cpelement_t;
+
+typedef struct cplist
+ {
+ struct cpelement *head;
+ struct cpelement *tail;
+ int ncoproc;
+ }
+cplist_t;
+
+static struct cpelement *cpe_alloc __P((struct coproc *));
+static void cpe_dispose __P((struct cpelement *));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_add __P((struct coproc *));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_delete __P((pid_t));
+static void cpl_reap __P((void));
+static void cpl_flush __P((void));
+static void cpl_closeall __P((void));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_search __P((pid_t));
+static struct cpelement *cpl_searchbyname __P((const char *));
+static void cpl_prune __P((void));
+
+static void coproc_free __P((struct coproc *));
+
+/* Will go away when there is fully-implemented support for multiple coprocs. */
+Coproc sh_coproc = { 0, NO_PID, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+
+cplist_t coproc_list = {0, 0, 0};
+
+/* Functions to manage the list of coprocs */
+
+static struct cpelement *
+cpe_alloc (cp)
+ Coproc *cp;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ cpe = (struct cpelement *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct cpelement));
+ cpe->coproc = cp;
+ cpe->next = (struct cpelement *)0;
+ return cpe;
+}
+
+static void
+cpe_dispose (cpe)
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+{
+ free (cpe);
+}
+
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_add (cp)
+ Coproc *cp;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ cpe = cpe_alloc (cp);
+
+ if (coproc_list.head == 0)
+ {
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = cpe;
+ coproc_list.ncoproc = 0; /* just to make sure */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ coproc_list.tail->next = cpe;
+ coproc_list.tail = cpe;
+ }
+ coproc_list.ncoproc++;
+
+ return cpe;
+}
+
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_delete (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ struct cpelement *prev, *p;
+
+ for (prev = p = coproc_list.head; p; prev = p, p = p->next)
+ if (p->coproc->c_pid == pid)
+ {
+ prev->next = p->next; /* remove from list */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (p == 0)
+ return 0; /* not found */
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+ itrace("cpl_delete: deleting %d", pid);
+#endif
+
+ /* Housekeeping in the border cases. */
+ if (p == coproc_list.head)
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.head->next;
+ else if (p == coproc_list.tail)
+ coproc_list.tail = prev;
+
+ coproc_list.ncoproc--;
+ if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 0)
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = 0;
+ else if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 1)
+ coproc_list.tail = coproc_list.head; /* just to make sure */
+
+ return (p);
+}
+
+static void
+cpl_reap ()
+{
+ struct cpelement *p, *next, *nh, *nt;
+
+ /* Build a new list by removing dead coprocs and fix up the coproc_list
+ pointers when done. */
+ nh = nt = next = (struct cpelement *)0;
+ for (p = coproc_list.head; p; p = next)
+ {
+ next = p->next;
+ if (p->coproc->c_flags & COPROC_DEAD)
+ {
+ coproc_list.ncoproc--; /* keep running count, fix up pointers later */
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+ itrace("cpl_reap: deleting %d", p->coproc->c_pid);
+#endif
+
+ coproc_dispose (p->coproc);
+ cpe_dispose (p);
+ }
+ else if (nh == 0)
+ nh = nt = p;
+ else
+ {
+ nt->next = p;
+ nt = nt->next;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 0)
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = 0;
+ else
+ {
+ if (nt)
+ nt->next = 0;
+ coproc_list.head = nh;
+ coproc_list.tail = nt;
+ if (coproc_list.ncoproc == 1)
+ coproc_list.tail = coproc_list.head; /* just to make sure */
+ }
+}
+
+/* Clear out the list of saved statuses */
+static void
+cpl_flush ()
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe, *p;
+
+ for (cpe = coproc_list.head; cpe; )
+ {
+ p = cpe;
+ cpe = cpe->next;
+
+ coproc_dispose (p->coproc);
+ cpe_dispose (p);
+ }
+
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.tail = 0;
+ coproc_list.ncoproc = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+cpl_closeall ()
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ for (cpe = coproc_list.head; cpe; cpe = cpe->next)
+ coproc_close (cpe->coproc);
+}
+
+static void
+cpl_fdchk (fd)
+ int fd;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ for (cpe = coproc_list.head; cpe; cpe = cpe->next)
+ coproc_checkfd (cpe->coproc, fd);
+}
+
+/* Search for PID in the list of coprocs; return the cpelement struct if
+ found. If not found, return NULL. */
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_search (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ for (cpe = coproc_list.head ; cpe; cpe = cpe->next)
+ if (cpe->coproc->c_pid == pid)
+ return cpe;
+ return (struct cpelement *)NULL;
+}
+
+/* Search for the coproc named NAME in the list of coprocs; return the
+ cpelement struct if found. If not found, return NULL. */
+static struct cpelement *
+cpl_searchbyname (name)
+ const char *name;
+{
+ struct cpelement *cp;
+
+ for (cp = coproc_list.head ; cp; cp = cp->next)
+ if (STREQ (cp->coproc->c_name, name))
+ return cp;
+ return (struct cpelement *)NULL;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void
+cpl_prune ()
+{
+ struct cpelement *cp;
+
+ while (coproc_list.head && coproc_list.ncoproc > COPROC_MAX)
+ {
+ cp = coproc_list.head;
+ coproc_list.head = coproc_list.head->next;
+ coproc_dispose (cp->coproc);
+ cpe_dispose (cp);
+ coproc_list.ncoproc--;
+ }
+}
+#endif
+
+/* These currently use a single global "shell coproc" but are written in a
+ way to not preclude additional coprocs later (using the list management
+ package above). */
+
+struct coproc *
+getcoprocbypid (pid)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ struct cpelement *p;
+
+ p = cpl_search (pid);
+ return (p ? p->coproc : 0);
+#else
+ return (pid == sh_coproc.c_pid ? &sh_coproc : 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+struct coproc *
+getcoprocbyname (name)
+ const char *name;
+{
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ struct cpelement *p;
+
+ p = cpl_searchbyname (name);
+ return (p ? p->coproc : 0);
+#else
+ return ((sh_coproc.c_name && STREQ (sh_coproc.c_name, name)) ? &sh_coproc : 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+coproc_init (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ cp->c_name = 0;
+ cp->c_pid = NO_PID;
+ cp->c_rfd = cp->c_wfd = -1;
+ cp->c_rsave = cp->c_wsave = -1;
+ cp->c_flags = cp->c_status = 0;
+}
+
+struct coproc *
+coproc_alloc (name, pid)
+ char *name;
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ struct coproc *cp;
+
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ cp = (struct coproc *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct coproc));
+#else
+ cp = &sh_coproc;
+#endif
+ coproc_init (cp);
+
+ cp->c_name = savestring (name);
+ cp->c_pid = pid;
+
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ cpl_add (cp);
+#endif
+
+ return (cp);
+}
+
+static void
+coproc_free (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ free (cp);
+}
+
+void
+coproc_dispose (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ if (cp == 0)
+ return;
+
+ coproc_unsetvars (cp);
+ FREE (cp->c_name);
+ coproc_close (cp);
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ coproc_free (cp);
+#else
+ coproc_init (cp);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Placeholder for now. Will require changes for multiple coprocs */
+void
+coproc_flush ()
+{
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ cpl_flush ();
+#else
+ coproc_dispose (&sh_coproc);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+coproc_close (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ if (cp->c_rfd >= 0)
+ {
+ close (cp->c_rfd);
+ cp->c_rfd = -1;
+ }
+ if (cp->c_wfd >= 0)
+ {
+ close (cp->c_wfd);
+ cp->c_wfd = -1;
+ }
+ cp->c_rsave = cp->c_wsave = -1;
+}
+
+void
+coproc_closeall ()
+{
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ cpl_closeall ();
+#else
+ coproc_close (&sh_coproc); /* XXX - will require changes for multiple coprocs */
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+coproc_reap ()
+{
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ cpl_reap ();
+#else
+ struct coproc *cp;
+
+ cp = &sh_coproc; /* XXX - will require changes for multiple coprocs */
+ if (cp && (cp->c_flags & COPROC_DEAD))
+ coproc_dispose (cp);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+coproc_rclose (cp, fd)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+ int fd;
+{
+ if (cp->c_rfd >= 0 && cp->c_rfd == fd)
+ {
+ close (cp->c_rfd);
+ cp->c_rfd = -1;
+ }
+}
+
+void
+coproc_wclose (cp, fd)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+ int fd;
+{
+ if (cp->c_wfd >= 0 && cp->c_wfd == fd)
+ {
+ close (cp->c_wfd);
+ cp->c_wfd = -1;
+ }
+}
+
+void
+coproc_checkfd (cp, fd)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+ int fd;
+{
+ int update;
+
+ update = 0;
+ if (cp->c_rfd >= 0 && cp->c_rfd == fd)
+ update = cp->c_rfd = -1;
+ if (cp->c_wfd >= 0 && cp->c_wfd == fd)
+ update = cp->c_wfd = -1;
+ if (update)
+ coproc_setvars (cp);
+}
+
+void
+coproc_fdchk (fd)
+ int fd;
+{
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ cpl_fdchk (fd);
+#else
+ coproc_checkfd (&sh_coproc, fd);
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+coproc_fdclose (cp, fd)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+ int fd;
+{
+ coproc_rclose (cp, fd);
+ coproc_wclose (cp, fd);
+ coproc_setvars (cp);
+}
+
+void
+coproc_fdsave (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ cp->c_rsave = cp->c_rfd;
+ cp->c_wsave = cp->c_wfd;
+}
+
+void
+coproc_fdrestore (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ cp->c_rfd = cp->c_rsave;
+ cp->c_wfd = cp->c_wsave;
+}
+
+void
+coproc_pidchk (pid, status)
+ pid_t pid;
+{
+ struct coproc *cp;
+
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ struct cpelement *cpe;
+
+ cpe = cpl_delete (pid);
+ cp = cpe ? cpe->coproc : 0;
+#else
+ cp = getcoprocbypid (pid);
+#endif
+ if (cp)
+ {
+#if 0
+ itrace("coproc_pidchk: pid %d has died", pid);
+#endif
+ cp->c_status = status;
+ cp->c_flags |= COPROC_DEAD;
+ cp->c_flags &= ~COPROC_RUNNING;
+#if MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ coproc_dispose (cp);
+#else
+ coproc_unsetvars (cp);
+#endif
+ }
+}
+
+void
+coproc_setvars (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ char *namevar, *t;
+ int l;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ arrayind_t ind;
+#endif
+
+ if (cp->c_name == 0)
+ return;
+
+ l = strlen (cp->c_name);
+ namevar = xmalloc (l + 16);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ v = find_variable (cp->c_name);
+ if (v == 0)
+ v = make_new_array_variable (cp->c_name);
+ if (array_p (v) == 0)
+ v = convert_var_to_array (v);
+
+ t = itos (cp->c_rfd);
+ ind = 0;
+ v = bind_array_variable (cp->c_name, ind, t, 0);
+ free (t);
+
+ t = itos (cp->c_wfd);
+ ind = 1;
+ bind_array_variable (cp->c_name, ind, t, 0);
+ free (t);
+#else
+ sprintf (namevar, "%s_READ", cp->c_name);
+ t = itos (cp->c_rfd);
+ bind_variable (namevar, t, 0);
+ free (t);
+ sprintf (namevar, "%s_WRITE", cp->c_name);
+ t = itos (cp->c_wfd);
+ bind_variable (namevar, t, 0);
+ free (t);
+#endif
+
+ sprintf (namevar, "%s_PID", cp->c_name);
+ t = itos (cp->c_pid);
+ bind_variable (namevar, t, 0);
+ free (t);
+
+ free (namevar);
+}
+
+void
+coproc_unsetvars (cp)
+ struct coproc *cp;
+{
+ int l;
+ char *namevar;
+
+ if (cp->c_name == 0)
+ return;
+
+ l = strlen (cp->c_name);
+ namevar = xmalloc (l + 16);
+
+ sprintf (namevar, "%s_PID", cp->c_name);
+ unbind_variable (namevar);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ unbind_variable (cp->c_name);
+#else
+ sprintf (namevar, "%s_READ", cp->c_name);
+ unbind_variable (namevar);
+ sprintf (namevar, "%s_WRITE", cp->c_name);
+ unbind_variable (namevar);
+#endif
+
+ free (namevar);
+}
+
+static int
+execute_coproc (command, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
+ COMMAND *command;
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+{
+ int rpipe[2], wpipe[2], estat;
+ pid_t coproc_pid;
+ Coproc *cp;
+ char *tcmd;
+
+ /* XXX -- can be removed after changes to handle multiple coprocs */
+#if !MULTIPLE_COPROCS
+ if (sh_coproc.c_pid != NO_PID)
+ internal_warning ("execute_coproc: coproc [%d:%s] still exists", sh_coproc.c_pid, sh_coproc.c_name);
+ coproc_init (&sh_coproc);
+#endif
+
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ tcmd = make_command_string (command);
+
+ sh_openpipe ((int *)&rpipe); /* 0 = parent read, 1 = child write */
+ sh_openpipe ((int *)&wpipe); /* 0 = child read, 1 = parent write */
+
+ coproc_pid = make_child (savestring (tcmd), 1);
+ if (coproc_pid == 0)
+ {
+ close (rpipe[0]);
+ close (wpipe[1]);
+
+ estat = execute_in_subshell (command, 1, wpipe[0], rpipe[1], fds_to_close);
+
+ fflush (stdout);
+ fflush (stderr);
+
+ exit (estat);
+ }
+
+ close (rpipe[1]);
+ close (wpipe[0]);
+
+ cp = coproc_alloc (command->value.Coproc->name, coproc_pid);
+ cp->c_rfd = rpipe[0];
+ cp->c_wfd = wpipe[1];
+
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (cp->c_rfd);
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (cp->c_wfd);
+
+ coproc_setvars (cp);
+
+#if 0
+ itrace ("execute_coproc: [%d] %s", coproc_pid, the_printed_command);
+#endif
+
+ close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+ stop_pipeline (1, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+ DESCRIBE_PID (coproc_pid);
+ run_pending_traps ();
+
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+restore_stdin (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ dup2 (s, 0);
+ close (s);
+}
+
+/* Catch-all cleanup function for lastpipe code for unwind-protects */
+static void
+lastpipe_cleanup (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ unfreeze_jobs_list ();
+}
+
+static int
+execute_pipeline (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
+ COMMAND *command;
+ int asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+{
+ int prev, fildes[2], new_bitmap_size, dummyfd, ignore_return, exec_result;
+ int lstdin, lastpipe_flag, lastpipe_jid;
+ COMMAND *cmd;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fd_bitmap;
+ pid_t lastpid;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ sigset_t set, oset;
+ BLOCK_CHILD (set, oset);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
+ prev = pipe_in;
+ cmd = command;
+
+ while (cmd && cmd->type == cm_connection &&
+ cmd->value.Connection && cmd->value.Connection->connector == '|')
+ {
+ /* Make a pipeline between the two commands. */
+ if (pipe (fildes) < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("pipe error"));
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ terminate_current_pipeline ();
+ kill_current_pipeline ();
+ UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ /* The unwind-protects installed below will take care
+ of closing all of the open file descriptors. */
+ throw_to_top_level ();
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE); /* XXX */
+ }
+
+ /* Here is a problem: with the new file close-on-exec
+ code, the read end of the pipe (fildes[0]) stays open
+ in the first process, so that process will never get a
+ SIGPIPE. There is no way to signal the first process
+ that it should close fildes[0] after forking, so it
+ remains open. No SIGPIPE is ever sent because there
+ is still a file descriptor open for reading connected
+ to the pipe. We take care of that here. This passes
+ around a bitmap of file descriptors that must be
+ closed after making a child process in execute_simple_command. */
+
+ /* We need fd_bitmap to be at least as big as fildes[0].
+ If fildes[0] is less than fds_to_close->size, then
+ use fds_to_close->size. */
+ new_bitmap_size = (fildes[0] < fds_to_close->size)
+ ? fds_to_close->size
+ : fildes[0] + 8;
+
+ fd_bitmap = new_fd_bitmap (new_bitmap_size);
+
+ /* Now copy the old information into the new bitmap. */
+ xbcopy ((char *)fds_to_close->bitmap, (char *)fd_bitmap->bitmap, fds_to_close->size);
+
+ /* And mark the pipe file descriptors to be closed. */
+ fd_bitmap->bitmap[fildes[0]] = 1;
+
+ /* In case there are pipe or out-of-processes errors, we
+ want all these file descriptors to be closed when
+ unwind-protects are run, and the storage used for the
+ bitmaps freed up. */
+ begin_unwind_frame ("pipe-file-descriptors");
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_fd_bitmap, fd_bitmap);
+ add_unwind_protect (close_fd_bitmap, fd_bitmap);
+ if (prev >= 0)
+ add_unwind_protect (close, prev);
+ dummyfd = fildes[1];
+ add_unwind_protect (close, dummyfd);
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ add_unwind_protect (restore_signal_mask, &oset);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ if (ignore_return && cmd->value.Connection->first)
+ cmd->value.Connection->first->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ execute_command_internal (cmd->value.Connection->first, asynchronous,
+ prev, fildes[1], fd_bitmap);
+
+ if (prev >= 0)
+ close (prev);
+
+ prev = fildes[0];
+ close (fildes[1]);
+
+ dispose_fd_bitmap (fd_bitmap);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("pipe-file-descriptors");
+
+ cmd = cmd->value.Connection->second;
+ }
+
+ lastpid = last_made_pid;
+
+ /* Now execute the rightmost command in the pipeline. */
+ if (ignore_return && cmd)
+ cmd->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ lastpipe_flag = 0;
+ begin_unwind_frame ("lastpipe-exec");
+ lstdin = -1;
+ /* If the `lastpipe' option is set with shopt, and job control is not
+ enabled, execute the last element of non-async pipelines in the
+ current shell environment. */
+ if (lastpipe_opt && job_control == 0 && asynchronous == 0 && pipe_out == NO_PIPE && prev > 0)
+ {
+ lstdin = move_to_high_fd (0, 0, 255);
+ if (lstdin > 0)
+ {
+ do_piping (prev, pipe_out);
+ prev = NO_PIPE;
+ add_unwind_protect (restore_stdin, lstdin);
+ lastpipe_flag = 1;
+ freeze_jobs_list ();
+ lastpipe_jid = stop_pipeline (0, (COMMAND *)NULL); /* XXX */
+ add_unwind_protect (lastpipe_cleanup, lastpipe_jid);
+ }
+ if (cmd)
+ cmd->flags |= CMD_LASTPIPE;
+ }
+ if (prev >= 0)
+ add_unwind_protect (close, prev);
+#endif
+
+ exec_result = execute_command_internal (cmd, asynchronous, prev, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ if (lstdin > 0)
+ restore_stdin (lstdin);
+#endif
+
+ if (prev >= 0)
+ close (prev);
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ UNBLOCK_CHILD (oset);
+#endif
+
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (lastpipe_flag)
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ append_process (savestring (the_printed_command), dollar_dollar_pid, exec_result, lastpipe_jid);
+#endif
+ lstdin = wait_for (lastpid);
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ exec_result = job_exit_status (lastpipe_jid);
+#endif
+ unfreeze_jobs_list ();
+ }
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ discard_unwind_frame ("lastpipe-exec");
+#endif
+
+ return (exec_result);
+}
+
+static int
+execute_connection (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close)
+ COMMAND *command;
+ int asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+{
+ COMMAND *tc, *second;
+ int ignore_return, exec_result, was_error_trap, invert;
+ volatile int save_line_number;
+
+ ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
+ switch (command->value.Connection->connector)
+ {
+ /* Do the first command asynchronously. */
+ case '&':
+ tc = command->value.Connection->first;
+ if (tc == 0)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+ if (ignore_return)
+ tc->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ tc->flags |= CMD_AMPERSAND;
+
+ /* If this shell was compiled without job control support,
+ if we are currently in a subshell via `( xxx )', or if job
+ control is not active then the standard input for an
+ asynchronous command is forced to /dev/null. */
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ if ((subshell_environment || !job_control) && !stdin_redir)
+#else
+ if (!stdin_redir)
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+ tc->flags |= CMD_STDIN_REDIR;
+
+ exec_result = execute_command_internal (tc, 1, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (tc->flags & CMD_STDIN_REDIR)
+ tc->flags &= ~CMD_STDIN_REDIR;
+
+ second = command->value.Connection->second;
+ if (second)
+ {
+ if (ignore_return)
+ second->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ exec_result = execute_command_internal (second, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ /* Just call execute command on both sides. */
+ case ';':
+ if (ignore_return)
+ {
+ if (command->value.Connection->first)
+ command->value.Connection->first->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ if (command->value.Connection->second)
+ command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ }
+ executing_list++;
+ QUIT;
+ execute_command (command->value.Connection->first);
+ QUIT;
+ exec_result = execute_command_internal (command->value.Connection->second,
+ asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out,
+ fds_to_close);
+ executing_list--;
+ break;
+
+ case '|':
+ was_error_trap = signal_is_trapped (ERROR_TRAP) && signal_is_ignored (ERROR_TRAP) == 0;
+ invert = (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN) != 0;
+ ignore_return = (command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) != 0;
+
+ line_number_for_err_trap = line_number;
+ exec_result = execute_pipeline (command, asynchronous, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+
+ if (was_error_trap && ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ line_number = line_number_for_err_trap;
+ run_error_trap ();
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ }
+
+ if (ignore_return == 0 && invert == 0 && exit_immediately_on_error && exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = exec_result;
+ run_pending_traps ();
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case AND_AND:
+ case OR_OR:
+ if (asynchronous)
+ {
+ /* If we have something like `a && b &' or `a || b &', run the
+ && or || stuff in a subshell. Force a subshell and just call
+ execute_command_internal again. Leave asynchronous on
+ so that we get a report from the parent shell about the
+ background job. */
+ command->flags |= CMD_FORCE_SUBSHELL;
+ exec_result = execute_command_internal (command, 1, pipe_in, pipe_out, fds_to_close);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* Execute the first command. If the result of that is successful
+ and the connector is AND_AND, or the result is not successful
+ and the connector is OR_OR, then execute the second command,
+ otherwise return. */
+
+ executing_list++;
+ if (command->value.Connection->first)
+ command->value.Connection->first->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ exec_result = execute_command (command->value.Connection->first);
+ QUIT;
+ if (((command->value.Connection->connector == AND_AND) &&
+ (exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)) ||
+ ((command->value.Connection->connector == OR_OR) &&
+ (exec_result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)))
+ {
+ if (ignore_return && command->value.Connection->second)
+ command->value.Connection->second->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ exec_result = execute_command (command->value.Connection->second);
+ }
+ executing_list--;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ command_error ("execute_connection", CMDERR_BADCONN, command->value.Connection->connector, 0);
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ exec_result = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ }
+
+ return exec_result;
+}
+
+#define REAP() \
+ do \
+ { \
+ if (!interactive_shell) \
+ reap_dead_jobs (); \
+ } \
+ while (0)
+
+/* Execute a FOR command. The syntax is: FOR word_desc IN word_list;
+ DO command; DONE */
+static int
+execute_for_command (for_command)
+ FOR_COM *for_command;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *releaser, *list;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ char *identifier;
+ int retval, save_line_number;
+#if 0
+ SHELL_VAR *old_value = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; /* Remember the old value of x. */
+#endif
+
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ if (check_identifier (for_command->name, 1) == 0)
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_BADUSAGE;
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ loop_level++;
+ identifier = for_command->name->word;
+
+ list = releaser = expand_words_no_vars (for_command->map_list);
+
+ begin_unwind_frame ("for");
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, releaser);
+
+#if 0
+ if (lexical_scoping)
+ {
+ old_value = copy_variable (find_variable (identifier));
+ if (old_value)
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_variable, old_value);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ if (for_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)
+ for_command->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ for (retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; list; list = list->next)
+ {
+ QUIT;
+
+ line_number = for_command->line;
+
+ /* Remember what this command looks like, for debugger. */
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_for_command_head (for_command);
+
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_for_command_head (for_command);
+
+ /* Save this command unless it's a trap command and we're not running
+ a debug trap. */
+#if 0
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && (this_command_name == 0 || (STREQ (this_command_name, "trap") == 0)))
+#else
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && running_trap == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = savestring (the_printed_command);
+ }
+
+ retval = run_debug_trap ();
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+ if (debugging_mode && retval != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ continue;
+#endif
+
+ this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
+ v = bind_variable (identifier, list->word->word, 0);
+ if (readonly_p (v) || noassign_p (v))
+ {
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ if (readonly_p (v) && interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dispose_words (releaser);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("for");
+ loop_level--;
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+ retval = execute_command (for_command->action);
+ REAP ();
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (breaking)
+ {
+ breaking--;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (continuing)
+ {
+ continuing--;
+ if (continuing)
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ loop_level--;
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+
+#if 0
+ if (lexical_scoping)
+ {
+ if (!old_value)
+ unbind_variable (identifier);
+ else
+ {
+ SHELL_VAR *new_value;
+
+ new_value = bind_variable (identifier, value_cell(old_value), 0);
+ new_value->attributes = old_value->attributes;
+ dispose_variable (old_value);
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
+ dispose_words (releaser);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("for");
+ return (retval);
+}
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+/* Execute an arithmetic for command. The syntax is
+
+ for (( init ; step ; test ))
+ do
+ body
+ done
+
+ The execution should be exactly equivalent to
+
+ eval \(\( init \)\)
+ while eval \(\( test \)\) ; do
+ body;
+ eval \(\( step \)\)
+ done
+*/
+static intmax_t
+eval_arith_for_expr (l, okp)
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+ int *okp;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *new;
+ intmax_t expresult;
+ int r;
+
+ new = expand_words_no_vars (l);
+ if (new)
+ {
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_arith_cmd (new);
+ this_command_name = "(("; /* )) for expression error messages */
+
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_arith_command (new);
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0)
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = savestring (the_printed_command);
+ }
+
+ r = run_debug_trap ();
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ if (debugging_mode == 0 || r == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ expresult = evalexp (new->word->word, okp);
+ else
+ {
+ expresult = 0;
+ if (okp)
+ *okp = 1;
+ }
+#else
+ expresult = evalexp (new->word->word, okp);
+#endif
+ dispose_words (new);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ expresult = 0;
+ if (okp)
+ *okp = 1;
+ }
+ return (expresult);
+}
+
+static int
+execute_arith_for_command (arith_for_command)
+ ARITH_FOR_COM *arith_for_command;
+{
+ intmax_t expresult;
+ int expok, body_status, arith_lineno, save_lineno;
+
+ body_status = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ loop_level++;
+ save_lineno = line_number;
+
+ if (arith_for_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)
+ arith_for_command->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ this_command_name = "(("; /* )) for expression error messages */
+
+ /* save the starting line number of the command so we can reset
+ line_number before executing each expression -- for $LINENO
+ and the DEBUG trap. */
+ line_number = arith_lineno = arith_for_command->line;
+ if (variable_context && interactive_shell)
+ line_number -= function_line_number;
+
+ /* Evaluate the initialization expression. */
+ expresult = eval_arith_for_expr (arith_for_command->init, &expok);
+ if (expok == 0)
+ {
+ line_number = save_lineno;
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ /* Evaluate the test expression. */
+ line_number = arith_lineno;
+ expresult = eval_arith_for_expr (arith_for_command->test, &expok);
+ line_number = save_lineno;
+
+ if (expok == 0)
+ {
+ body_status = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ break;
+ }
+ REAP ();
+ if (expresult == 0)
+ break;
+
+ /* Execute the body of the arithmetic for command. */
+ QUIT;
+ body_status = execute_command (arith_for_command->action);
+ QUIT;
+
+ /* Handle any `break' or `continue' commands executed by the body. */
+ if (breaking)
+ {
+ breaking--;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (continuing)
+ {
+ continuing--;
+ if (continuing)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* Evaluate the step expression. */
+ line_number = arith_lineno;
+ expresult = eval_arith_for_expr (arith_for_command->step, &expok);
+ line_number = save_lineno;
+
+ if (expok == 0)
+ {
+ body_status = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ loop_level--;
+ line_number = save_lineno;
+
+ return (body_status);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+static int LINES, COLS, tabsize;
+
+#define RP_SPACE ") "
+#define RP_SPACE_LEN 2
+
+/* XXX - does not handle numbers > 1000000 at all. */
+#define NUMBER_LEN(s) \
+((s < 10) ? 1 \
+ : ((s < 100) ? 2 \
+ : ((s < 1000) ? 3 \
+ : ((s < 10000) ? 4 \
+ : ((s < 100000) ? 5 \
+ : 6)))))
+
+static int
+displen (s)
+ const char *s;
+{
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ wchar_t *wcstr;
+ size_t wclen, slen;
+
+ wcstr = 0;
+ slen = mbstowcs (wcstr, s, 0);
+ if (slen == -1)
+ slen = 0;
+ wcstr = (wchar_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * (slen + 1));
+ mbstowcs (wcstr, s, slen + 1);
+ wclen = wcswidth (wcstr, slen);
+ free (wcstr);
+ return ((int)wclen);
+#else
+ return (STRLEN (s));
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+print_index_and_element (len, ind, list)
+ int len, ind;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *l;
+ register int i;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ return (0);
+ for (i = ind, l = list; l && --i; l = l->next)
+ ;
+ if (l == 0) /* don't think this can happen */
+ return (0);
+ fprintf (stderr, "%*d%s%s", len, ind, RP_SPACE, l->word->word);
+ return (displen (l->word->word));
+}
+
+static void
+indent (from, to)
+ int from, to;
+{
+ while (from < to)
+ {
+ if ((to / tabsize) > (from / tabsize))
+ {
+ putc ('\t', stderr);
+ from += tabsize - from % tabsize;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ putc (' ', stderr);
+ from++;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+print_select_list (list, list_len, max_elem_len, indices_len)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int list_len, max_elem_len, indices_len;
+{
+ int ind, row, elem_len, pos, cols, rows;
+ int first_column_indices_len, other_indices_len;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ {
+ putc ('\n', stderr);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ cols = max_elem_len ? COLS / max_elem_len : 1;
+ if (cols == 0)
+ cols = 1;
+ rows = list_len ? list_len / cols + (list_len % cols != 0) : 1;
+ cols = list_len ? list_len / rows + (list_len % rows != 0) : 1;
+
+ if (rows == 1)
+ {
+ rows = cols;
+ cols = 1;
+ }
+
+ first_column_indices_len = NUMBER_LEN (rows);
+ other_indices_len = indices_len;
+
+ for (row = 0; row < rows; row++)
+ {
+ ind = row;
+ pos = 0;
+ while (1)
+ {
+ indices_len = (pos == 0) ? first_column_indices_len : other_indices_len;
+ elem_len = print_index_and_element (indices_len, ind + 1, list);
+ elem_len += indices_len + RP_SPACE_LEN;
+ ind += rows;
+ if (ind >= list_len)
+ break;
+ indent (pos + elem_len, pos + max_elem_len);
+ pos += max_elem_len;
+ }
+ putc ('\n', stderr);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Print the elements of LIST, one per line, preceded by an index from 1 to
+ LIST_LEN. Then display PROMPT and wait for the user to enter a number.
+ If the number is between 1 and LIST_LEN, return that selection. If EOF
+ is read, return a null string. If a blank line is entered, or an invalid
+ number is entered, the loop is executed again. */
+static char *
+select_query (list, list_len, prompt, print_menu)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int list_len;
+ char *prompt;
+ int print_menu;
+{
+ int max_elem_len, indices_len, len;
+ intmax_t reply;
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+ char *repl_string, *t;
+
+#if 0
+ t = get_string_value ("LINES");
+ LINES = (t && *t) ? atoi (t) : 24;
+#endif
+ t = get_string_value ("COLUMNS");
+ COLS = (t && *t) ? atoi (t) : 80;
+
+#if 0
+ t = get_string_value ("TABSIZE");
+ tabsize = (t && *t) ? atoi (t) : 8;
+ if (tabsize <= 0)
+ tabsize = 8;
+#else
+ tabsize = 8;
+#endif
+
+ max_elem_len = 0;
+ for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
+ {
+ len = displen (l->word->word);
+ if (len > max_elem_len)
+ max_elem_len = len;
+ }
+ indices_len = NUMBER_LEN (list_len);
+ max_elem_len += indices_len + RP_SPACE_LEN + 2;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ if (print_menu)
+ print_select_list (list, list_len, max_elem_len, indices_len);
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s", prompt);
+ fflush (stderr);
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (read_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL) != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ putchar ('\n');
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+ repl_string = get_string_value ("REPLY");
+ if (*repl_string == 0)
+ {
+ print_menu = 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (legal_number (repl_string, &reply) == 0)
+ return "";
+ if (reply < 1 || reply > list_len)
+ return "";
+
+ for (l = list; l && --reply; l = l->next)
+ ;
+ return (l->word->word); /* XXX - can't be null? */
+ }
+}
+
+/* Execute a SELECT command. The syntax is:
+ SELECT word IN list DO command_list DONE
+ Only `break' or `return' in command_list will terminate
+ the command. */
+static int
+execute_select_command (select_command)
+ SELECT_COM *select_command;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *releaser, *list;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ char *identifier, *ps3_prompt, *selection;
+ int retval, list_len, show_menu, save_line_number;
+
+ if (check_identifier (select_command->name, 1) == 0)
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ line_number = select_command->line;
+
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_select_command_head (select_command);
+
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_select_command_head (select_command);
+
+#if 0
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && (this_command_name == 0 || (STREQ (this_command_name, "trap") == 0)))
+#else
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && running_trap == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = savestring (the_printed_command);
+ }
+
+ retval = run_debug_trap ();
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+ if (debugging_mode && retval != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+
+ loop_level++;
+ identifier = select_command->name->word;
+
+ /* command and arithmetic substitution, parameter and variable expansion,
+ word splitting, pathname expansion, and quote removal. */
+ list = releaser = expand_words_no_vars (select_command->map_list);
+ list_len = list_length (list);
+ if (list == 0 || list_len == 0)
+ {
+ if (list)
+ dispose_words (list);
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+
+ begin_unwind_frame ("select");
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, releaser);
+
+ if (select_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)
+ select_command->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ show_menu = 1;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ line_number = select_command->line;
+ ps3_prompt = get_string_value ("PS3");
+ if (ps3_prompt == 0)
+ ps3_prompt = "#? ";
+
+ QUIT;
+ selection = select_query (list, list_len, ps3_prompt, show_menu);
+ QUIT;
+ if (selection == 0)
+ {
+ /* select_query returns EXECUTION_FAILURE if the read builtin
+ fails, so we want to return failure in this case. */
+ retval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ v = bind_variable (identifier, selection, 0);
+ if (readonly_p (v) || noassign_p (v))
+ {
+ if (readonly_p (v) && interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dispose_words (releaser);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("select");
+ loop_level--;
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ retval = execute_command (select_command->action);
+
+ REAP ();
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (breaking)
+ {
+ breaking--;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (continuing)
+ {
+ continuing--;
+ if (continuing)
+ break;
+ }
+
+#if defined (KSH_COMPATIBLE_SELECT)
+ show_menu = 0;
+ selection = get_string_value ("REPLY");
+ if (selection && *selection == '\0')
+ show_menu = 1;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ loop_level--;
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+
+ dispose_words (releaser);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("select");
+ return (retval);
+}
+#endif /* SELECT_COMMAND */
+
+/* Execute a CASE command. The syntax is: CASE word_desc IN pattern_list ESAC.
+ The pattern_list is a linked list of pattern clauses; each clause contains
+ some patterns to compare word_desc against, and an associated command to
+ execute. */
+static int
+execute_case_command (case_command)
+ CASE_COM *case_command;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *list;
+ WORD_LIST *wlist, *es;
+ PATTERN_LIST *clauses;
+ char *word, *pattern;
+ int retval, match, ignore_return, save_line_number;
+
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ line_number = case_command->line;
+
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_case_command_head (case_command);
+
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_case_command_head (case_command);
+
+#if 0
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && (this_command_name == 0 || (STREQ (this_command_name, "trap") == 0)))
+#else
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && running_trap == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = savestring (the_printed_command);
+ }
+
+ retval = run_debug_trap();
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+ if (debugging_mode && retval != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ wlist = expand_word_unsplit (case_command->word, 0);
+ word = wlist ? string_list (wlist) : savestring ("");
+ dispose_words (wlist);
+
+ retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ ignore_return = case_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ begin_unwind_frame ("case");
+ add_unwind_protect ((Function *)xfree, word);
+
+#define EXIT_CASE() goto exit_case_command
+
+ for (clauses = case_command->clauses; clauses; clauses = clauses->next)
+ {
+ QUIT;
+ for (list = clauses->patterns; list; list = list->next)
+ {
+ es = expand_word_leave_quoted (list->word, 0);
+
+ if (es && es->word && es->word->word && *(es->word->word))
+ pattern = quote_string_for_globbing (es->word->word, QGLOB_CVTNULL);
+ else
+ {
+ pattern = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ pattern[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ /* Since the pattern does not undergo quote removal (as per
+ Posix.2, section 3.9.4.3), the strmatch () call must be able
+ to recognize backslashes as escape characters. */
+ match = strmatch (pattern, word, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG|FNMATCH_IGNCASE) != FNM_NOMATCH;
+ free (pattern);
+
+ dispose_words (es);
+
+ if (match)
+ {
+ do
+ {
+ if (clauses->action && ignore_return)
+ clauses->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ retval = execute_command (clauses->action);
+ }
+ while ((clauses->flags & CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH) && (clauses = clauses->next));
+ if (clauses == 0 || (clauses->flags & CASEPAT_TESTNEXT) == 0)
+ EXIT_CASE ();
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+
+ QUIT;
+ }
+ }
+
+exit_case_command:
+ free (word);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("case");
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ return (retval);
+}
+
+#define CMD_WHILE 0
+#define CMD_UNTIL 1
+
+/* The WHILE command. Syntax: WHILE test DO action; DONE.
+ Repeatedly execute action while executing test produces
+ EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */
+static int
+execute_while_command (while_command)
+ WHILE_COM *while_command;
+{
+ return (execute_while_or_until (while_command, CMD_WHILE));
+}
+
+/* UNTIL is just like WHILE except that the test result is negated. */
+static int
+execute_until_command (while_command)
+ WHILE_COM *while_command;
+{
+ return (execute_while_or_until (while_command, CMD_UNTIL));
+}
+
+/* The body for both while and until. The only difference between the
+ two is that the test value is treated differently. TYPE is
+ CMD_WHILE or CMD_UNTIL. The return value for both commands should
+ be EXECUTION_SUCCESS if no commands in the body are executed, and
+ the status of the last command executed in the body otherwise. */
+static int
+execute_while_or_until (while_command, type)
+ WHILE_COM *while_command;
+ int type;
+{
+ int return_value, body_status;
+
+ body_status = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ loop_level++;
+
+ while_command->test->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ if (while_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)
+ while_command->action->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ return_value = execute_command (while_command->test);
+ REAP ();
+
+ /* Need to handle `break' in the test when we would break out of the
+ loop. The job control code will set `breaking' to loop_level
+ when a job in a loop is stopped with SIGTSTP. If the stopped job
+ is in the loop test, `breaking' will not be reset unless we do
+ this, and the shell will cease to execute commands. */
+ if (type == CMD_WHILE && return_value != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ if (breaking)
+ breaking--;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (type == CMD_UNTIL && return_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ if (breaking)
+ breaking--;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ QUIT;
+ body_status = execute_command (while_command->action);
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (breaking)
+ {
+ breaking--;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (continuing)
+ {
+ continuing--;
+ if (continuing)
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ loop_level--;
+
+ return (body_status);
+}
+
+/* IF test THEN command [ELSE command].
+ IF also allows ELIF in the place of ELSE IF, but
+ the parser makes *that* stupidity transparent. */
+static int
+execute_if_command (if_command)
+ IF_COM *if_command;
+{
+ int return_value, save_line_number;
+
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ if_command->test->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ return_value = execute_command (if_command->test);
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+
+ if (return_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (if_command->true_case && (if_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN))
+ if_command->true_case->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ return (execute_command (if_command->true_case));
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (if_command->false_case && (if_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN))
+ if_command->false_case->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ return (execute_command (if_command->false_case));
+ }
+}
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+static int
+execute_arith_command (arith_command)
+ ARITH_COM *arith_command;
+{
+ int expok, save_line_number, retval;
+ intmax_t expresult;
+ WORD_LIST *new;
+ char *exp;
+
+ expresult = 0;
+
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+ this_command_name = "(("; /* )) */
+ line_number = arith_command->line;
+ /* If we're in a function, update the line number information. */
+ if (variable_context && interactive_shell)
+ line_number -= function_line_number;
+
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_arith_command (arith_command->exp);
+
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0)
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = savestring (the_printed_command);
+ }
+
+ /* Run the debug trap before each arithmetic command, but do it after we
+ update the line number information and before we expand the various
+ words in the expression. */
+ retval = run_debug_trap ();
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+ if (debugging_mode && retval != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ new = expand_words_no_vars (arith_command->exp);
+
+ /* If we're tracing, make a new word list with `((' at the front and `))'
+ at the back and print it. */
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_arith_cmd (new);
+
+ if (new)
+ {
+ exp = new->next ? string_list (new) : new->word->word;
+ expresult = evalexp (exp, &expok);
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ if (exp != new->word->word)
+ free (exp);
+ dispose_words (new);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ expresult = 0;
+ expok = 1;
+ }
+
+ if (expok == 0)
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+ return (expresult == 0 ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+#endif /* DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+
+static char * const nullstr = "";
+
+/* XXX - can COND ever be NULL when this is called? */
+static int
+execute_cond_node (cond)
+ COND_COM *cond;
+{
+ int result, invert, patmatch, rmatch, mflags, ignore;
+ char *arg1, *arg2;
+
+ invert = (cond->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN);
+ ignore = (cond->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN);
+ if (ignore)
+ {
+ if (cond->left)
+ cond->left->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ if (cond->right)
+ cond->right->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+ }
+
+ if (cond->type == COND_EXPR)
+ result = execute_cond_node (cond->left);
+ else if (cond->type == COND_OR)
+ {
+ result = execute_cond_node (cond->left);
+ if (result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ result = execute_cond_node (cond->right);
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_AND)
+ {
+ result = execute_cond_node (cond->left);
+ if (result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ result = execute_cond_node (cond->right);
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_UNARY)
+ {
+ if (ignore)
+ comsub_ignore_return++;
+ arg1 = cond_expand_word (cond->left->op, 0);
+ if (ignore)
+ comsub_ignore_return--;
+ if (arg1 == 0)
+ arg1 = nullstr;
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_cond_term (cond->type, invert, cond->op, arg1, (char *)NULL);
+ result = unary_test (cond->op->word, arg1) ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ if (arg1 != nullstr)
+ free (arg1);
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_BINARY)
+ {
+ rmatch = 0;
+ patmatch = (((cond->op->word[1] == '=') && (cond->op->word[2] == '\0') &&
+ (cond->op->word[0] == '!' || cond->op->word[0] == '=')) ||
+ (cond->op->word[0] == '=' && cond->op->word[1] == '\0'));
+#if defined (COND_REGEXP)
+ rmatch = (cond->op->word[0] == '=' && cond->op->word[1] == '~' &&
+ cond->op->word[2] == '\0');
+#endif
+
+ if (ignore)
+ comsub_ignore_return++;
+ arg1 = cond_expand_word (cond->left->op, 0);
+ if (ignore)
+ comsub_ignore_return--;
+ if (arg1 == 0)
+ arg1 = nullstr;
+ if (ignore)
+ comsub_ignore_return++;
+ arg2 = cond_expand_word (cond->right->op,
+ (rmatch && shell_compatibility_level > 31) ? 2 : (patmatch ? 1 : 0));
+ if (ignore)
+ comsub_ignore_return--;
+ if (arg2 == 0)
+ arg2 = nullstr;
+
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_cond_term (cond->type, invert, cond->op, arg1, arg2);
+
+#if defined (COND_REGEXP)
+ if (rmatch)
+ {
+ mflags = SHMAT_PWARN;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ mflags |= SHMAT_SUBEXP;
+#endif
+
+ result = sh_regmatch (arg1, arg2, mflags);
+ }
+ else
+#endif /* COND_REGEXP */
+ {
+ int oe;
+ oe = extended_glob;
+ extended_glob = 1;
+ result = binary_test (cond->op->word, arg1, arg2, TEST_PATMATCH|TEST_ARITHEXP|TEST_LOCALE)
+ ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS
+ : EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ extended_glob = oe;
+ }
+ if (arg1 != nullstr)
+ free (arg1);
+ if (arg2 != nullstr)
+ free (arg2);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ command_error ("execute_cond_node", CMDERR_BADTYPE, cond->type, 0);
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ result = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ }
+
+ if (invert)
+ result = (result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+
+ return result;
+}
+
+static int
+execute_cond_command (cond_command)
+ COND_COM *cond_command;
+{
+ int retval, save_line_number;
+
+ retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ save_line_number = line_number;
+
+ this_command_name = "[[";
+ line_number = cond_command->line;
+ /* If we're in a function, update the line number information. */
+ if (variable_context && interactive_shell)
+ line_number -= function_line_number;
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_cond_command (cond_command);
+
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0)
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = savestring (the_printed_command);
+ }
+
+ /* Run the debug trap before each conditional command, but do it after we
+ update the line number information. */
+ retval = run_debug_trap ();
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+ if (debugging_mode && retval != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+ debug_print_cond_command (cond_command);
+#endif
+
+ last_command_exit_value = retval = execute_cond_node (cond_command);
+ line_number = save_line_number;
+ return (retval);
+}
+#endif /* COND_COMMAND */
+
+static void
+bind_lastarg (arg)
+ char *arg;
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+
+ if (arg == 0)
+ arg = "";
+ var = bind_variable ("_", arg, 0);
+ VUNSETATTR (var, att_exported);
+}
+
+/* Execute a null command. Fork a subshell if the command uses pipes or is
+ to be run asynchronously. This handles all the side effects that are
+ supposed to take place. */
+static int
+execute_null_command (redirects, pipe_in, pipe_out, async)
+ REDIRECT *redirects;
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out, async;
+{
+ int r;
+ int forcefork;
+ REDIRECT *rd;
+
+ for (forcefork = 0, rd = redirects; rd; rd = rd->next)
+ forcefork += rd->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN;
+
+ if (forcefork || pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE || async)
+ {
+ /* We have a null command, but we really want a subshell to take
+ care of it. Just fork, do piping and redirections, and exit. */
+ if (make_child ((char *)NULL, async) == 0)
+ {
+ /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */
+ restore_original_signals (); /* XXX */
+
+ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_closeall ();
+#endif
+
+ subshell_environment = 0;
+ if (async)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_ASYNC;
+ if (pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_PIPE;
+
+ if (do_redirections (redirects, RX_ACTIVE) == 0)
+ exit (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ else
+ exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Even if there aren't any command names, pretend to do the
+ redirections that are specified. The user expects the side
+ effects to take place. If the redirections fail, then return
+ failure. Otherwise, if a command substitution took place while
+ expanding the command or a redirection, return the value of that
+ substitution. Otherwise, return EXECUTION_SUCCESS. */
+
+ r = do_redirections (redirects, RX_ACTIVE|RX_UNDOABLE);
+ cleanup_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+
+ if (r != 0)
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ else if (last_command_subst_pid != NO_PID)
+ return (last_command_exit_value);
+ else
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+}
+
+/* This is a hack to suppress word splitting for assignment statements
+ given as arguments to builtins with the ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN flag set. */
+static void
+fix_assignment_words (words)
+ WORD_LIST *words;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *w, *wcmd;
+ struct builtin *b;
+ int assoc, global;
+
+ if (words == 0)
+ return;
+
+ b = 0;
+ assoc = global = 0;
+
+ wcmd = words;
+ for (w = words; w; w = w->next)
+ if (w->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+ {
+ if (b == 0)
+ {
+ /* Posix (post-2008) says that `command' doesn't change whether
+ or not the builtin it shadows is a `declaration command', even
+ though it removes other special builtin properties. In Posix
+ mode, we skip over one or more instances of `command' and
+ deal with the next word as the assignment builtin. */
+ while (posixly_correct && wcmd && wcmd->word && wcmd->word->word && STREQ (wcmd->word->word, "command"))
+ wcmd = wcmd->next;
+ b = builtin_address_internal (wcmd->word->word, 0);
+ if (b == 0 || (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN) == 0)
+ return;
+ else if (b && (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN))
+ wcmd->word->flags |= W_ASSNBLTIN;
+ }
+ w->word->flags |= (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOGLOB|W_TILDEEXP|W_ASSIGNARG);
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (assoc)
+ w->word->flags |= W_ASSIGNASSOC;
+#endif
+ }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* Note that we saw an associative array option to a builtin that takes
+ assignment statements. This is a bit of a kludge. */
+ else if (w->word->word[0] == '-' && (strchr (w->word->word+1, 'A') || strchr (w->word->word+1, 'g')))
+#else
+ else if (w->word->word[0] == '-' && strchr (w->word->word+1, 'g'))
+#endif
+ {
+ if (b == 0)
+ {
+ while (posixly_correct && wcmd && wcmd->word && wcmd->word->word && STREQ (wcmd->word->word, "command"))
+ wcmd = wcmd->next;
+ b = builtin_address_internal (wcmd->word->word, 0);
+ if (b == 0 || (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN) == 0)
+ return;
+ else if (b && (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN))
+ wcmd->word->flags |= W_ASSNBLTIN;
+ }
+ if ((wcmd->word->flags & W_ASSNBLTIN) && strchr (w->word->word+1, 'A'))
+ assoc = 1;
+ if ((wcmd->word->flags & W_ASSNBLTIN) && strchr (w->word->word+1, 'g'))
+ global = 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if the file found by searching $PATH for PATHNAME, defaulting
+ to PATHNAME, is a directory. Used by the autocd code below. */
+static int
+is_dirname (pathname)
+ char *pathname;
+{
+ char *temp;
+ int ret;
+
+ temp = search_for_command (pathname, 0);
+ ret = (temp ? file_isdir (temp) : file_isdir (pathname));
+ free (temp);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* The meaty part of all the executions. We have to start hacking the
+ real execution of commands here. Fork a process, set things up,
+ execute the command. */
+static int
+execute_simple_command (simple_command, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close)
+ SIMPLE_COM *simple_command;
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out, async;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *words, *lastword;
+ char *command_line, *lastarg, *temp;
+ int first_word_quoted, result, builtin_is_special, already_forked, dofork;
+ pid_t old_last_async_pid;
+ sh_builtin_func_t *builtin;
+ SHELL_VAR *func;
+ volatile int old_builtin, old_command_builtin;
+
+ result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ special_builtin_failed = builtin_is_special = 0;
+ command_line = (char *)0;
+
+ QUIT;
+
+ /* If we're in a function, update the line number information. */
+ if (variable_context && interactive_shell && sourcelevel == 0)
+ line_number -= function_line_number;
+
+ /* Remember what this command line looks like at invocation. */
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_simple_command (simple_command);
+
+#if 0
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && (this_command_name == 0 || (STREQ (this_command_name, "trap") == 0)))
+#else
+ if (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) == 0 && running_trap == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ FREE (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+ the_printed_command_except_trap = the_printed_command ? savestring (the_printed_command) : (char *)0;
+ }
+
+ /* Run the debug trap before each simple command, but do it after we
+ update the line number information. */
+ result = run_debug_trap ();
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+ if (debugging_mode && result != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+#endif
+
+ first_word_quoted =
+ simple_command->words ? (simple_command->words->word->flags & W_QUOTED) : 0;
+
+ last_command_subst_pid = NO_PID;
+ old_last_async_pid = last_asynchronous_pid;
+
+ already_forked = dofork = 0;
+
+ /* If we're in a pipeline or run in the background, set DOFORK so we
+ make the child early, before word expansion. This keeps assignment
+ statements from affecting the parent shell's environment when they
+ should not. */
+ dofork = pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE || async;
+
+ /* Something like `%2 &' should restart job 2 in the background, not cause
+ the shell to fork here. */
+ if (dofork && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE &&
+ simple_command->words && simple_command->words->word &&
+ simple_command->words->word->word &&
+ (simple_command->words->word->word[0] == '%'))
+ dofork = 0;
+
+ if (dofork)
+ {
+ /* Do this now, because execute_disk_command will do it anyway in the
+ vast majority of cases. */
+ maybe_make_export_env ();
+
+ /* Don't let a DEBUG trap overwrite the command string to be saved with
+ the process/job associated with this child. */
+ if (make_child (savestring (the_printed_command_except_trap), async) == 0)
+ {
+ already_forked = 1;
+ simple_command->flags |= CMD_NO_FORK;
+
+ subshell_environment = SUBSHELL_FORK;
+ if (pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_PIPE;
+ if (async)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_ASYNC;
+
+ /* We need to do this before piping to handle some really
+ pathological cases where one of the pipe file descriptors
+ is < 2. */
+ if (fds_to_close)
+ close_fd_bitmap (fds_to_close);
+
+ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+ pipe_in = pipe_out = NO_PIPE;
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ coproc_closeall ();
+#endif
+
+ last_asynchronous_pid = old_last_async_pid;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Don't let simple commands that aren't the last command in a
+ pipeline change $? for the rest of the pipeline (or at all). */
+ if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE)
+ result = last_command_exit_value;
+ close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+ command_line = (char *)NULL; /* don't free this. */
+ bind_lastarg ((char *)NULL);
+ return (result);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If we are re-running this as the result of executing the `command'
+ builtin, do not expand the command words a second time. */
+ if ((simple_command->flags & CMD_INHIBIT_EXPANSION) == 0)
+ {
+ current_fds_to_close = fds_to_close;
+ fix_assignment_words (simple_command->words);
+ /* Pass the ignore return flag down to command substitutions */
+ if (simple_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) /* XXX */
+ comsub_ignore_return++;
+ words = expand_words (simple_command->words);
+ if (simple_command->flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN)
+ comsub_ignore_return--;
+ current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ words = copy_word_list (simple_command->words);
+
+ /* It is possible for WORDS not to have anything left in it.
+ Perhaps all the words consisted of `$foo', and there was
+ no variable `$foo'. */
+ if (words == 0)
+ {
+ this_command_name = 0;
+ result = execute_null_command (simple_command->redirects,
+ pipe_in, pipe_out,
+ already_forked ? 0 : async);
+ if (already_forked)
+ exit (result);
+ else
+ {
+ bind_lastarg ((char *)NULL);
+ set_pipestatus_from_exit (result);
+ return (result);
+ }
+ }
+
+ lastarg = (char *)NULL;
+
+ begin_unwind_frame ("simple-command");
+
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ xtrace_print_word_list (words, 1);
+
+ builtin = (sh_builtin_func_t *)NULL;
+ func = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
+ if ((simple_command->flags & CMD_NO_FUNCTIONS) == 0)
+ {
+ /* Posix.2 says special builtins are found before functions. We
+ don't set builtin_is_special anywhere other than here, because
+ this path is followed only when the `command' builtin is *not*
+ being used, and we don't want to exit the shell if a special
+ builtin executed with `command builtin' fails. `command' is not
+ a special builtin. */
+ if (posixly_correct)
+ {
+ builtin = find_special_builtin (words->word->word);
+ if (builtin)
+ builtin_is_special = 1;
+ }
+ if (builtin == 0)
+ func = find_function (words->word->word);
+ }
+
+ /* In POSIX mode, assignment errors in the temporary environment cause a
+ non-interactive shell to exit. */
+ if (builtin_is_special && interactive_shell == 0 && tempenv_assign_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, words);
+ QUIT;
+
+ /* Bind the last word in this command to "$_" after execution. */
+ for (lastword = words; lastword->next; lastword = lastword->next)
+ ;
+ lastarg = lastword->word->word;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* Is this command a job control related thing? */
+ if (words->word->word[0] == '%' && already_forked == 0)
+ {
+ this_command_name = async ? "bg" : "fg";
+ last_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin;
+ this_shell_builtin = builtin_address (this_command_name);
+ result = (*this_shell_builtin) (words);
+ goto return_result;
+ }
+
+ /* One other possiblilty. The user may want to resume an existing job.
+ If they do, find out whether this word is a candidate for a running
+ job. */
+ if (job_control && already_forked == 0 && async == 0 &&
+ !first_word_quoted &&
+ !words->next &&
+ words->word->word[0] &&
+ !simple_command->redirects &&
+ pipe_in == NO_PIPE &&
+ pipe_out == NO_PIPE &&
+ (temp = get_string_value ("auto_resume")))
+ {
+ int job, jflags, started_status;
+
+ jflags = JM_STOPPED|JM_FIRSTMATCH;
+ if (STREQ (temp, "exact"))
+ jflags |= JM_EXACT;
+ else if (STREQ (temp, "substring"))
+ jflags |= JM_SUBSTRING;
+ else
+ jflags |= JM_PREFIX;
+ job = get_job_by_name (words->word->word, jflags);
+ if (job != NO_JOB)
+ {
+ run_unwind_frame ("simple-command");
+ this_command_name = "fg";
+ last_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin;
+ this_shell_builtin = builtin_address ("fg");
+
+ started_status = start_job (job, 1);
+ return ((started_status < 0) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : started_status);
+ }
+ }
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+run_builtin:
+ /* Remember the name of this command globally. */
+ this_command_name = words->word->word;
+
+ QUIT;
+
+ /* This command could be a shell builtin or a user-defined function.
+ We have already found special builtins by this time, so we do not
+ set builtin_is_special. If this is a function or builtin, and we
+ have pipes, then fork a subshell in here. Otherwise, just execute
+ the command directly. */
+ if (func == 0 && builtin == 0)
+ builtin = find_shell_builtin (this_command_name);
+
+ last_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin;
+ this_shell_builtin = builtin;
+
+ if (builtin || func)
+ {
+ if (builtin)
+ {
+ old_builtin = executing_builtin;
+ old_command_builtin = executing_command_builtin;
+ unwind_protect_int (executing_builtin); /* modified in execute_builtin */
+ unwind_protect_int (executing_command_builtin); /* ditto */
+ }
+ if (already_forked)
+ {
+ /* reset_terminating_signals (); */ /* XXX */
+ /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the
+ trap strings. Set a flag noting that we have to free the
+ trap strings if we run trap to change a signal disposition. */
+ reset_signal_handlers ();
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_RESETTRAP;
+
+ if (async)
+ {
+ if ((simple_command->flags & CMD_STDIN_REDIR) &&
+ pipe_in == NO_PIPE &&
+ (stdin_redirects (simple_command->redirects) == 0))
+ async_redirect_stdin ();
+ setup_async_signals ();
+ }
+
+ subshell_level++;
+ execute_subshell_builtin_or_function
+ (words, simple_command->redirects, builtin, func,
+ pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close,
+ simple_command->flags);
+ subshell_level--;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ result = execute_builtin_or_function
+ (words, builtin, func, simple_command->redirects, fds_to_close,
+ simple_command->flags);
+ if (builtin)
+ {
+ if (result > EX_SHERRBASE)
+ {
+ result = builtin_status (result);
+ if (builtin_is_special)
+ special_builtin_failed = 1;
+ }
+ /* In POSIX mode, if there are assignment statements preceding
+ a special builtin, they persist after the builtin
+ completes. */
+ if (posixly_correct && builtin_is_special && temporary_env)
+ merge_temporary_env ();
+ }
+ else /* function */
+ {
+ if (result == EX_USAGE)
+ result = EX_BADUSAGE;
+ else if (result > EX_SHERRBASE)
+ result = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ }
+
+ set_pipestatus_from_exit (result);
+
+ goto return_result;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (autocd && interactive && words->word && is_dirname (words->word->word))
+ {
+ words = make_word_list (make_word ("cd"), words);
+ xtrace_print_word_list (words, 0);
+ goto run_builtin;
+ }
+
+ if (command_line == 0)
+ command_line = savestring (the_printed_command_except_trap);
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_COMSUB) && (simple_command->flags & CMD_NO_FORK) && fifos_pending() > 0)
+ simple_command->flags &= ~CMD_NO_FORK;
+#endif
+
+ result = execute_disk_command (words, simple_command->redirects, command_line,
+ pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close,
+ simple_command->flags);
+
+ return_result:
+ bind_lastarg (lastarg);
+ FREE (command_line);
+ dispose_words (words);
+ if (builtin)
+ {
+ executing_builtin = old_builtin;
+ executing_command_builtin = old_command_builtin;
+ }
+ discard_unwind_frame ("simple-command");
+ this_command_name = (char *)NULL; /* points to freed memory now */
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Translate the special builtin exit statuses. We don't really need a
+ function for this; it's a placeholder for future work. */
+static int
+builtin_status (result)
+ int result;
+{
+ int r;
+
+ switch (result)
+ {
+ case EX_USAGE:
+ r = EX_BADUSAGE;
+ break;
+ case EX_REDIRFAIL:
+ case EX_BADSYNTAX:
+ case EX_BADASSIGN:
+ case EX_EXPFAIL:
+ r = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ break;
+ default:
+ r = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ break;
+ }
+ return (r);
+}
+
+static int
+execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, subshell)
+ sh_builtin_func_t *builtin;
+ WORD_LIST *words;
+ int flags, subshell;
+{
+ int old_e_flag, result, eval_unwind;
+ int isbltinenv;
+ char *error_trap;
+
+ error_trap = 0;
+ old_e_flag = exit_immediately_on_error;
+ /* The eval builtin calls parse_and_execute, which does not know about
+ the setting of flags, and always calls the execution functions with
+ flags that will exit the shell on an error if -e is set. If the
+ eval builtin is being called, and we're supposed to ignore the exit
+ value of the command, we turn the -e flag off ourselves and disable
+ the ERR trap, then restore them when the command completes. This is
+ also a problem (as below) for the command and source/. builtins. */
+ if (subshell == 0 && (flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN) &&
+ (builtin == eval_builtin || builtin == command_builtin || builtin == source_builtin))
+ {
+ begin_unwind_frame ("eval_builtin");
+ unwind_protect_int (exit_immediately_on_error);
+ error_trap = TRAP_STRING (ERROR_TRAP);
+ if (error_trap)
+ {
+ error_trap = savestring (error_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (xfree, error_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (set_error_trap, error_trap);
+ restore_default_signal (ERROR_TRAP);
+ }
+ exit_immediately_on_error = 0;
+ eval_unwind = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ eval_unwind = 0;
+
+ /* The temporary environment for a builtin is supposed to apply to
+ all commands executed by that builtin. Currently, this is a
+ problem only with the `unset', `source' and `eval' builtins. */
+
+ isbltinenv = (builtin == source_builtin || builtin == eval_builtin || builtin == unset_builtin);
+
+ if (isbltinenv)
+ {
+ if (subshell == 0)
+ begin_unwind_frame ("builtin_env");
+
+ if (temporary_env)
+ {
+ push_scope (VC_BLTNENV, temporary_env);
+ if (subshell == 0)
+ add_unwind_protect (pop_scope, (flags & CMD_COMMAND_BUILTIN) ? 0 : "1");
+ temporary_env = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* `return' does a longjmp() back to a saved environment in execute_function.
+ If a variable assignment list preceded the command, and the shell is
+ running in POSIX mode, we need to merge that into the shell_variables
+ table, since `return' is a POSIX special builtin. */
+ if (posixly_correct && subshell == 0 && builtin == return_builtin && temporary_env)
+ {
+ begin_unwind_frame ("return_temp_env");
+ add_unwind_protect (merge_temporary_env, (char *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ executing_builtin++;
+ executing_command_builtin |= builtin == command_builtin;
+ result = ((*builtin) (words->next));
+
+ /* This shouldn't happen, but in case `return' comes back instead of
+ longjmp'ing, we need to unwind. */
+ if (posixly_correct && subshell == 0 && builtin == return_builtin && temporary_env)
+ discard_unwind_frame ("return_temp_env");
+
+ if (subshell == 0 && isbltinenv)
+ run_unwind_frame ("builtin_env");
+
+ if (eval_unwind)
+ {
+ exit_immediately_on_error += old_e_flag;
+ if (error_trap)
+ {
+ set_error_trap (error_trap);
+ xfree (error_trap);
+ }
+ discard_unwind_frame ("eval_builtin");
+ }
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+static int
+execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, async, subshell)
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+ WORD_LIST *words;
+ int flags;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+ int async, subshell;
+{
+ int return_val, result;
+ COMMAND *tc, *fc, *save_current;
+ char *debug_trap, *error_trap, *return_trap;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *funcname_v, *nfv, *bash_source_v, *bash_lineno_v;
+ ARRAY *funcname_a;
+ volatile ARRAY *bash_source_a;
+ volatile ARRAY *bash_lineno_a;
+#endif
+ FUNCTION_DEF *shell_fn;
+ char *sfile, *t;
+
+ USE_VAR(fc);
+
+ if (funcnest_max > 0 && funcnest >= funcnest_max)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)"), var->name, funcnest);
+ funcnest = 0; /* XXX - should we reset it somewhere else? */
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("FUNCNAME", funcname_v, funcname_a);
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_SOURCE", bash_source_v, bash_source_a);
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_LINENO", bash_lineno_v, bash_lineno_a);
+#endif
+
+ tc = (COMMAND *)copy_command (function_cell (var));
+ if (tc && (flags & CMD_IGNORE_RETURN))
+ tc->flags |= CMD_IGNORE_RETURN;
+
+ if (subshell == 0)
+ {
+ begin_unwind_frame ("function_calling");
+ push_context (var->name, subshell, temporary_env);
+ add_unwind_protect (pop_context, (char *)NULL);
+ unwind_protect_int (line_number);
+ unwind_protect_int (return_catch_flag);
+ unwind_protect_jmp_buf (return_catch);
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_command, (char *)tc);
+ unwind_protect_pointer (this_shell_function);
+ unwind_protect_int (loop_level);
+ unwind_protect_int (funcnest);
+ }
+ else
+ push_context (var->name, subshell, temporary_env); /* don't unwind-protect for subshells */
+
+ temporary_env = (HASH_TABLE *)NULL;
+
+ this_shell_function = var;
+ make_funcname_visible (1);
+
+ debug_trap = TRAP_STRING(DEBUG_TRAP);
+ error_trap = TRAP_STRING(ERROR_TRAP);
+ return_trap = TRAP_STRING(RETURN_TRAP);
+
+ /* The order of the unwind protects for debug_trap, error_trap and
+ return_trap is important here! unwind-protect commands are run
+ in reverse order of registration. If this causes problems, take
+ out the xfree unwind-protect calls and live with the small memory leak. */
+
+ /* function_trace_mode != 0 means that all functions inherit the DEBUG trap.
+ if the function has the trace attribute set, it inherits the DEBUG trap */
+ if (debug_trap && ((trace_p (var) == 0) && function_trace_mode == 0))
+ {
+ if (subshell == 0)
+ {
+ debug_trap = savestring (debug_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (xfree, debug_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (set_debug_trap, debug_trap);
+ }
+ restore_default_signal (DEBUG_TRAP);
+ }
+
+ /* error_trace_mode != 0 means that functions inherit the ERR trap. */
+ if (error_trap && error_trace_mode == 0)
+ {
+ if (subshell == 0)
+ {
+ error_trap = savestring (error_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (xfree, error_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (set_error_trap, error_trap);
+ }
+ restore_default_signal (ERROR_TRAP);
+ }
+
+ /* Shell functions inherit the RETURN trap if function tracing is on
+ globally or on individually for this function. */
+#if 0
+ if (return_trap && ((trace_p (var) == 0) && function_trace_mode == 0))
+#else
+ if (return_trap && (signal_in_progress (DEBUG_TRAP) || ((trace_p (var) == 0) && function_trace_mode == 0)))
+#endif
+ {
+ if (subshell == 0)
+ {
+ return_trap = savestring (return_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (xfree, return_trap);
+ add_unwind_protect (set_return_trap, return_trap);
+ }
+ restore_default_signal (RETURN_TRAP);
+ }
+
+ funcnest++;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* This is quite similar to the code in shell.c and elsewhere. */
+ shell_fn = find_function_def (this_shell_function->name);
+ sfile = shell_fn ? shell_fn->source_file : "";
+ array_push ((ARRAY *)funcname_a, this_shell_function->name);
+
+ array_push ((ARRAY *)bash_source_a, sfile);
+ t = itos (executing_line_number ());
+ array_push ((ARRAY *)bash_lineno_a, t);
+ free (t);
+#endif
+
+ /* The temporary environment for a function is supposed to apply to
+ all commands executed within the function body. */
+
+ remember_args (words->next, 1);
+
+ /* Update BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC */
+ if (debugging_mode)
+ push_args (words->next);
+
+ /* Number of the line on which the function body starts. */
+ line_number = function_line_number = tc->line;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ if (subshell)
+ stop_pipeline (async, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+#endif
+
+ fc = tc;
+
+ return_catch_flag++;
+ return_val = setjmp (return_catch);
+
+ if (return_val)
+ {
+ result = return_catch_value;
+ /* Run the RETURN trap in the function's context. */
+ save_current = currently_executing_command;
+ run_return_trap ();
+ currently_executing_command = save_current;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Run the debug trap here so we can trap at the start of a function's
+ execution rather than the execution of the body's first command. */
+ showing_function_line = 1;
+ save_current = currently_executing_command;
+ result = run_debug_trap ();
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ /* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
+ skip the command. */
+ if (debugging_mode == 0 || result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ {
+ showing_function_line = 0;
+ currently_executing_command = save_current;
+ result = execute_command_internal (fc, 0, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, fds_to_close);
+
+ /* Run the RETURN trap in the function's context */
+ save_current = currently_executing_command;
+ run_return_trap ();
+ currently_executing_command = save_current;
+ }
+#else
+ result = execute_command_internal (fc, 0, NO_PIPE, NO_PIPE, fds_to_close);
+
+ save_current = currently_executing_command;
+ run_return_trap ();
+ currently_executing_command = save_current;
+#endif
+ showing_function_line = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Restore BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV */
+ if (debugging_mode)
+ pop_args ();
+
+ if (subshell == 0)
+ run_unwind_frame ("function_calling");
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* These two variables cannot be unset, and cannot be affected by the
+ function. */
+ array_pop ((ARRAY *)bash_source_a);
+ array_pop ((ARRAY *)bash_lineno_a);
+
+ /* FUNCNAME can be unset, and so can potentially be changed by the
+ function. */
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("FUNCNAME", nfv, funcname_a);
+ if (nfv == funcname_v)
+ array_pop (funcname_a);
+#endif
+
+ if (variable_context == 0 || this_shell_function == 0)
+ {
+ make_funcname_visible (0);
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+ }
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* A convenience routine for use by other parts of the shell to execute
+ a particular shell function. */
+int
+execute_shell_function (var, words)
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+ WORD_LIST *words;
+{
+ int ret;
+ struct fd_bitmap *bitmap;
+
+ bitmap = new_fd_bitmap (FD_BITMAP_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+ begin_unwind_frame ("execute-shell-function");
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_fd_bitmap, (char *)bitmap);
+
+ ret = execute_function (var, words, 0, bitmap, 0, 0);
+
+ dispose_fd_bitmap (bitmap);
+ discard_unwind_frame ("execute-shell-function");
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Execute a shell builtin or function in a subshell environment. This
+ routine does not return; it only calls exit(). If BUILTIN is non-null,
+ it points to a function to call to execute a shell builtin; otherwise
+ VAR points at the body of a function to execute. WORDS is the arguments
+ to the command, REDIRECTS specifies redirections to perform before the
+ command is executed. */
+static void
+execute_subshell_builtin_or_function (words, redirects, builtin, var,
+ pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close,
+ flags)
+ WORD_LIST *words;
+ REDIRECT *redirects;
+ sh_builtin_func_t *builtin;
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out, async;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+ int flags;
+{
+ int result, r, funcvalue;
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ int jobs_hack;
+
+ jobs_hack = (builtin == jobs_builtin) &&
+ ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0 || pipe_out != NO_PIPE);
+#endif
+
+ /* A subshell is neither a login shell nor interactive. */
+ login_shell = interactive = 0;
+
+ if (async)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_ASYNC;
+ if (pipe_in != NO_PIPE || pipe_out != NO_PIPE)
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_PIPE;
+
+ maybe_make_export_env (); /* XXX - is this needed? */
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* Eradicate all traces of job control after we fork the subshell, so
+ all jobs begun by this subshell are in the same process group as
+ the shell itself. */
+
+ /* Allow the output of `jobs' to be piped. */
+ if (jobs_hack)
+ kill_current_pipeline ();
+ else
+ without_job_control ();
+
+ set_sigchld_handler ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ set_sigint_handler ();
+
+ if (fds_to_close)
+ close_fd_bitmap (fds_to_close);
+
+ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+
+ if (do_redirections (redirects, RX_ACTIVE) != 0)
+ exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+ if (builtin)
+ {
+ /* Give builtins a place to jump back to on failure,
+ so we don't go back up to main(). */
+ result = setjmp (top_level);
+
+ /* Give the return builtin a place to jump to when executed in a subshell
+ or pipeline */
+ funcvalue = 0;
+ if (return_catch_flag && builtin == return_builtin)
+ funcvalue = setjmp (return_catch);
+
+ if (result == EXITPROG)
+ exit (last_command_exit_value);
+ else if (result)
+ exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ else if (funcvalue)
+ exit (return_catch_value);
+ else
+ {
+ r = execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, 1);
+ fflush (stdout);
+ if (r == EX_USAGE)
+ r = EX_BADUSAGE;
+ exit (r);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ r = execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, async, 1);
+ fflush (stdout);
+ exit (r);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Execute a builtin or function in the current shell context. If BUILTIN
+ is non-null, it is the builtin command to execute, otherwise VAR points
+ to the body of a function. WORDS are the command's arguments, REDIRECTS
+ are the redirections to perform. FDS_TO_CLOSE is the usual bitmap of
+ file descriptors to close.
+
+ If BUILTIN is exec_builtin, the redirections specified in REDIRECTS are
+ not undone before this function returns. */
+static int
+execute_builtin_or_function (words, builtin, var, redirects,
+ fds_to_close, flags)
+ WORD_LIST *words;
+ sh_builtin_func_t *builtin;
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+ REDIRECT *redirects;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+ int flags;
+{
+ int result;
+ REDIRECT *saved_undo_list;
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ int ofifo, nfifo, osize;
+ char *ofifo_list;
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ ofifo = num_fifos ();
+ ofifo_list = copy_fifo_list (&osize);
+#endif
+
+ if (do_redirections (redirects, RX_ACTIVE|RX_UNDOABLE) != 0)
+ {
+ cleanup_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ dispose_exec_redirects ();
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ free (ofifo_list);
+#endif
+ return (EX_REDIRFAIL); /* was EXECUTION_FAILURE */
+ }
+
+ saved_undo_list = redirection_undo_list;
+
+ /* Calling the "exec" builtin changes redirections forever. */
+ if (builtin == exec_builtin)
+ {
+ dispose_redirects (saved_undo_list);
+ saved_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list;
+ exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ dispose_exec_redirects ();
+
+ if (saved_undo_list)
+ {
+ begin_unwind_frame ("saved redirects");
+ add_unwind_protect (cleanup_redirects, (char *)saved_undo_list);
+ }
+
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+
+ if (builtin)
+ result = execute_builtin (builtin, words, flags, 0);
+ else
+ result = execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, 0, 0);
+
+ /* We do this before undoing the effects of any redirections. */
+ fflush (stdout);
+ fpurge (stdout);
+ if (ferror (stdout))
+ clearerr (stdout);
+
+ /* If we are executing the `command' builtin, but this_shell_builtin is
+ set to `exec_builtin', we know that we have something like
+ `command exec [redirection]', since otherwise `exec' would have
+ overwritten the shell and we wouldn't get here. In this case, we
+ want to behave as if the `command' builtin had not been specified
+ and preserve the redirections. */
+ if (builtin == command_builtin && this_shell_builtin == exec_builtin)
+ {
+ int discard;
+
+ discard = 0;
+ if (saved_undo_list)
+ {
+ dispose_redirects (saved_undo_list);
+ discard = 1;
+ }
+ redirection_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list;
+ saved_undo_list = exec_redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ if (discard)
+ discard_unwind_frame ("saved redirects");
+ }
+
+ if (saved_undo_list)
+ {
+ redirection_undo_list = saved_undo_list;
+ discard_unwind_frame ("saved redirects");
+ }
+
+ if (redirection_undo_list)
+ {
+ cleanup_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
+ redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ /* Close any FIFOs created by this builtin or function. */
+ nfifo = num_fifos ();
+ if (nfifo > ofifo)
+ close_new_fifos (ofifo_list, osize);
+ free (ofifo_list);
+#endif
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+void
+setup_async_signals ()
+{
+#if defined (__BEOS__)
+ set_signal_handler (SIGHUP, SIG_IGN); /* they want csh-like behavior */
+#endif
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ if (job_control == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ set_signal_handler (SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+ set_signal_ignored (SIGINT);
+ set_signal_handler (SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+ set_signal_ignored (SIGQUIT);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Execute a simple command that is hopefully defined in a disk file
+ somewhere.
+
+ 1) fork ()
+ 2) connect pipes
+ 3) look up the command
+ 4) do redirections
+ 5) execve ()
+ 6) If the execve failed, see if the file has executable mode set.
+ If so, and it isn't a directory, then execute its contents as
+ a shell script.
+
+ Note that the filename hashing stuff has to take place up here,
+ in the parent. This is probably why the Bourne style shells
+ don't handle it, since that would require them to go through
+ this gnarly hair, for no good reason.
+
+ NOTE: callers expect this to fork or exit(). */
+
+/* Name of a shell function to call when a command name is not found. */
+#ifndef NOTFOUND_HOOK
+# define NOTFOUND_HOOK "command_not_found_handle"
+#endif
+
+static int
+execute_disk_command (words, redirects, command_line, pipe_in, pipe_out,
+ async, fds_to_close, cmdflags)
+ WORD_LIST *words;
+ REDIRECT *redirects;
+ char *command_line;
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out, async;
+ struct fd_bitmap *fds_to_close;
+ int cmdflags;
+{
+ char *pathname, *command, **args;
+ int nofork, result;
+ pid_t pid;
+ SHELL_VAR *hookf;
+ WORD_LIST *wl;
+
+ nofork = (cmdflags & CMD_NO_FORK); /* Don't fork, just exec, if no pipes */
+ pathname = words->word->word;
+
+ result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ command = (char *)NULL;
+ if (restricted && mbschr (pathname, '/'))
+ {
+ internal_error (_("%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"),
+ pathname);
+ result = last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+
+ /* If we're not going to fork below, we must already be in a child
+ process or a context in which it's safe to call exit(2). */
+ if (nofork && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE)
+ exit (last_command_exit_value);
+ else
+ goto parent_return;
+ }
+#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+
+ command = search_for_command (pathname, 1);
+
+ if (command)
+ {
+ maybe_make_export_env ();
+ put_command_name_into_env (command);
+ }
+
+ /* We have to make the child before we check for the non-existence
+ of COMMAND, since we want the error messages to be redirected. */
+ /* If we can get away without forking and there are no pipes to deal with,
+ don't bother to fork, just directly exec the command. */
+ if (nofork && pipe_in == NO_PIPE && pipe_out == NO_PIPE)
+ pid = 0;
+ else
+ pid = make_child (savestring (command_line), async);
+
+ if (pid == 0)
+ {
+ int old_interactive;
+
+#if 0
+ /* This has been disabled for the time being. */
+#if !defined (ARG_MAX) || ARG_MAX >= 10240
+ if (posixly_correct == 0)
+ put_gnu_argv_flags_into_env ((long)getpid (), glob_argv_flags);
+#endif
+#endif
+
+ reset_terminating_signals (); /* XXX */
+ /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */
+ restore_original_signals ();
+
+ /* restore_original_signals may have undone the work done
+ by make_child to ensure that SIGINT and SIGQUIT are ignored
+ in asynchronous children. */
+ if (async)
+ {
+ if ((cmdflags & CMD_STDIN_REDIR) &&
+ pipe_in == NO_PIPE &&
+ (stdin_redirects (redirects) == 0))
+ async_redirect_stdin ();
+ setup_async_signals ();
+ }
+
+ /* This functionality is now provided by close-on-exec of the
+ file descriptors manipulated by redirection and piping.
+ Some file descriptors still need to be closed in all children
+ because of the way bash does pipes; fds_to_close is a
+ bitmap of all such file descriptors. */
+ if (fds_to_close)
+ close_fd_bitmap (fds_to_close);
+
+ do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+
+ old_interactive = interactive;
+ if (async)
+ interactive = 0;
+
+ subshell_environment = SUBSHELL_FORK;
+
+ if (redirects && (do_redirections (redirects, RX_ACTIVE) != 0))
+ {
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ /* Try to remove named pipes that may have been created as the
+ result of redirections. */
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+ exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ if (async)
+ interactive = old_interactive;
+
+ if (command == 0)
+ {
+ hookf = find_function (NOTFOUND_HOOK);
+ if (hookf == 0)
+ {
+ /* Make sure filenames are displayed using printable characters */
+ if (ansic_shouldquote (pathname))
+ pathname = ansic_quote (pathname, 0, NULL);
+ internal_error (_("%s: command not found"), pathname);
+ exit (EX_NOTFOUND); /* Posix.2 says the exit status is 127 */
+ }
+
+ wl = make_word_list (make_word (NOTFOUND_HOOK), words);
+ exit (execute_shell_function (hookf, wl));
+ }
+
+ /* Execve expects the command name to be in args[0]. So we
+ leave it there, in the same format that the user used to
+ type it in. */
+ args = strvec_from_word_list (words, 0, 0, (int *)NULL);
+ exit (shell_execve (command, args, export_env));
+ }
+ else
+ {
+parent_return:
+ QUIT;
+
+ /* Make sure that the pipes are closed in the parent. */
+ close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out);
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ if (variable_context == 0)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+ FREE (command);
+ return (result);
+ }
+}
+
+/* CPP defines to decide whether a particular index into the #! line
+ corresponds to a valid interpreter name or argument character, or
+ whitespace. The MSDOS define is to allow \r to be treated the same
+ as \n. */
+
+#if !defined (MSDOS)
+# define STRINGCHAR(ind) \
+ (ind < sample_len && !whitespace (sample[ind]) && sample[ind] != '\n')
+# define WHITECHAR(ind) \
+ (ind < sample_len && whitespace (sample[ind]))
+#else /* MSDOS */
+# define STRINGCHAR(ind) \
+ (ind < sample_len && !whitespace (sample[ind]) && sample[ind] != '\n' && sample[ind] != '\r')
+# define WHITECHAR(ind) \
+ (ind < sample_len && whitespace (sample[ind]))
+#endif /* MSDOS */
+
+static char *
+getinterp (sample, sample_len, endp)
+ char *sample;
+ int sample_len, *endp;
+{
+ register int i;
+ char *execname;
+ int start;
+
+ /* Find the name of the interpreter to exec. */
+ for (i = 2; i < sample_len && whitespace (sample[i]); i++)
+ ;
+
+ for (start = i; STRINGCHAR(i); i++)
+ ;
+
+ execname = substring (sample, start, i);
+
+ if (endp)
+ *endp = i;
+ return execname;
+}
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC)
+/* If the operating system on which we're running does not handle
+ the #! executable format, then help out. SAMPLE is the text read
+ from the file, SAMPLE_LEN characters. COMMAND is the name of
+ the script; it and ARGS, the arguments given by the user, will
+ become arguments to the specified interpreter. ENV is the environment
+ to pass to the interpreter.
+
+ The word immediately following the #! is the interpreter to execute.
+ A single argument to the interpreter is allowed. */
+
+static int
+execute_shell_script (sample, sample_len, command, args, env)
+ char *sample;
+ int sample_len;
+ char *command;
+ char **args, **env;
+{
+ char *execname, *firstarg;
+ int i, start, size_increment, larry;
+
+ /* Find the name of the interpreter to exec. */
+ execname = getinterp (sample, sample_len, &i);
+ size_increment = 1;
+
+ /* Now the argument, if any. */
+ for (firstarg = (char *)NULL, start = i; WHITECHAR(i); i++)
+ ;
+
+ /* If there is more text on the line, then it is an argument for the
+ interpreter. */
+
+ if (STRINGCHAR(i))
+ {
+ for (start = i; STRINGCHAR(i); i++)
+ ;
+ firstarg = substring ((char *)sample, start, i);
+ size_increment = 2;
+ }
+
+ larry = strvec_len (args) + size_increment;
+ args = strvec_resize (args, larry + 1);
+
+ for (i = larry - 1; i; i--)
+ args[i] = args[i - size_increment];
+
+ args[0] = execname;
+ if (firstarg)
+ {
+ args[1] = firstarg;
+ args[2] = command;
+ }
+ else
+ args[1] = command;
+
+ args[larry] = (char *)NULL;
+
+ return (shell_execve (execname, args, env));
+}
+#undef STRINGCHAR
+#undef WHITECHAR
+
+#endif /* !HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC */
+
+static void
+initialize_subshell ()
+{
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* Forget about any aliases that we knew of. We are in a subshell. */
+ delete_all_aliases ();
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ /* Forget about the history lines we have read. This is a non-interactive
+ subshell. */
+ history_lines_this_session = 0;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* Forget about the way job control was working. We are in a subshell. */
+ without_job_control ();
+ set_sigchld_handler ();
+ init_job_stats ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ /* Reset the values of the shell flags and options. */
+ reset_shell_flags ();
+ reset_shell_options ();
+ reset_shopt_options ();
+
+ /* Zero out builtin_env, since this could be a shell script run from a
+ sourced file with a temporary environment supplied to the `source/.'
+ builtin. Such variables are not supposed to be exported (empirical
+ testing with sh and ksh). Just throw it away; don't worry about a
+ memory leak. */
+ if (vc_isbltnenv (shell_variables))
+ shell_variables = shell_variables->down;
+
+ clear_unwind_protect_list (0);
+ /* XXX -- are there other things we should be resetting here? */
+ parse_and_execute_level = 0; /* nothing left to restore it */
+
+ /* We're no longer inside a shell function. */
+ variable_context = return_catch_flag = funcnest = 0;
+
+ executing_list = 0; /* XXX */
+
+ /* If we're not interactive, close the file descriptor from which we're
+ reading the current shell script. */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0)
+ unset_bash_input (0);
+}
+
+#if defined (HAVE_SETOSTYPE) && defined (_POSIX_SOURCE)
+# define SETOSTYPE(x) __setostype(x)
+#else
+# define SETOSTYPE(x)
+#endif
+
+#define READ_SAMPLE_BUF(file, buf, len) \
+ do \
+ { \
+ fd = open(file, O_RDONLY); \
+ if (fd >= 0) \
+ { \
+ len = read (fd, buf, 80); \
+ close (fd); \
+ } \
+ else \
+ len = -1; \
+ } \
+ while (0)
+
+/* Call execve (), handling interpreting shell scripts, and handling
+ exec failures. */
+int
+shell_execve (command, args, env)
+ char *command;
+ char **args, **env;
+{
+ int larray, i, fd;
+ char sample[80];
+ int sample_len;
+
+ SETOSTYPE (0); /* Some systems use for USG/POSIX semantics */
+ execve (command, args, env);
+ i = errno; /* error from execve() */
+ CHECK_TERMSIG;
+ SETOSTYPE (1);
+
+ /* If we get to this point, then start checking out the file.
+ Maybe it is something we can hack ourselves. */
+ if (i != ENOEXEC)
+ {
+ if (file_isdir (command))
+#if defined (EISDIR)
+ internal_error (_("%s: %s"), command, strerror (EISDIR));
+#else
+ internal_error (_("%s: is a directory"), command);
+#endif
+ else if (executable_file (command) == 0)
+ {
+ errno = i;
+ file_error (command);
+ }
+ /* errors not involving the path argument to execve. */
+ else if (i == E2BIG || i == ENOMEM)
+ {
+ errno = i;
+ file_error (command);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* The file has the execute bits set, but the kernel refuses to
+ run it for some reason. See why. */
+#if defined (HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC)
+ READ_SAMPLE_BUF (command, sample, sample_len);
+ sample[sample_len - 1] = '\0';
+ if (sample_len > 2 && sample[0] == '#' && sample[1] == '!')
+ {
+ char *interp;
+ int ilen;
+
+ interp = getinterp (sample, sample_len, (int *)NULL);
+ ilen = strlen (interp);
+ errno = i;
+ if (interp[ilen - 1] == '\r')
+ {
+ interp = xrealloc (interp, ilen + 2);
+ interp[ilen - 1] = '^';
+ interp[ilen] = 'M';
+ interp[ilen + 1] = '\0';
+ }
+ sys_error (_("%s: %s: bad interpreter"), command, interp ? interp : "");
+ FREE (interp);
+ return (EX_NOEXEC);
+ }
+#endif
+ errno = i;
+ file_error (command);
+ }
+ return ((i == ENOENT) ? EX_NOTFOUND : EX_NOEXEC); /* XXX Posix.2 says that exit status is 126 */
+ }
+
+ /* This file is executable.
+ If it begins with #!, then help out people with losing operating
+ systems. Otherwise, check to see if it is a binary file by seeing
+ if the contents of the first line (or up to 80 characters) are in the
+ ASCII set. If it's a text file, execute the contents as shell commands,
+ otherwise return 126 (EX_BINARY_FILE). */
+ READ_SAMPLE_BUF (command, sample, sample_len);
+
+ if (sample_len == 0)
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+ /* Is this supposed to be an executable script?
+ If so, the format of the line is "#! interpreter [argument]".
+ A single argument is allowed. The BSD kernel restricts
+ the length of the entire line to 32 characters (32 bytes
+ being the size of the BSD exec header), but we allow 80
+ characters. */
+ if (sample_len > 0)
+ {
+#if !defined (HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC)
+ if (sample_len > 2 && sample[0] == '#' && sample[1] == '!')
+ return (execute_shell_script (sample, sample_len, command, args, env));
+ else
+#endif
+ if (check_binary_file (sample, sample_len))
+ {
+ internal_error (_("%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"), command, strerror (i));
+ return (EX_BINARY_FILE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* We have committed to attempting to execute the contents of this file
+ as shell commands. */
+
+ initialize_subshell ();
+
+ set_sigint_handler ();
+
+ /* Insert the name of this shell into the argument list. */
+ larray = strvec_len (args) + 1;
+ args = strvec_resize (args, larray + 1);
+
+ for (i = larray - 1; i; i--)
+ args[i] = args[i - 1];
+
+ args[0] = shell_name;
+ args[1] = command;
+ args[larray] = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (args[0][0] == '-')
+ args[0]++;
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ if (restricted)
+ change_flag ('r', FLAG_OFF);
+#endif
+
+ if (subshell_argv)
+ {
+ /* Can't free subshell_argv[0]; that is shell_name. */
+ for (i = 1; i < subshell_argc; i++)
+ free (subshell_argv[i]);
+ free (subshell_argv);
+ }
+
+ dispose_command (currently_executing_command); /* XXX */
+ currently_executing_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+
+ subshell_argc = larray;
+ subshell_argv = args;
+ subshell_envp = env;
+
+ unbind_args (); /* remove the positional parameters */
+
+ longjmp (subshell_top_level, 1);
+ /*NOTREACHED*/
+}
+
+static int
+execute_intern_function (name, funcdef)
+ WORD_DESC *name;
+ FUNCTION_DEF *funcdef;
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+
+ if (check_identifier (name, posixly_correct) == 0)
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct && interactive_shell == 0)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_BADUSAGE;
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ /* Posix interpretation 383 */
+ if (posixly_correct && find_special_builtin (name->word))
+ {
+ internal_error (_("`%s': is a special builtin"), name->word);
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_BADUSAGE;
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
+ var = find_function (name->word);
+ if (var && (readonly_p (var) || noassign_p (var)))
+ {
+ if (readonly_p (var))
+ internal_error (_("%s: readonly function"), var->name);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ bind_function_def (name->word, funcdef);
+#endif
+
+ bind_function (name->word, funcdef->command);
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+#if defined (INCLUDE_UNUSED)
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+void
+close_all_files ()
+{
+ register int i, fd_table_size;
+
+ fd_table_size = getdtablesize ();
+ if (fd_table_size > 256) /* clamp to a reasonable value */
+ fd_table_size = 256;
+
+ for (i = 3; i < fd_table_size; i++)
+ close (i);
+}
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+#endif
+
+static void
+close_pipes (in, out)
+ int in, out;
+{
+ if (in >= 0)
+ close (in);
+ if (out >= 0)
+ close (out);
+}
+
+static void
+dup_error (oldd, newd)
+ int oldd, newd;
+{
+ sys_error (_("cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"), oldd, newd);
+}
+
+/* Redirect input and output to be from and to the specified pipes.
+ NO_PIPE and REDIRECT_BOTH are handled correctly. */
+static void
+do_piping (pipe_in, pipe_out)
+ int pipe_in, pipe_out;
+{
+ if (pipe_in != NO_PIPE)
+ {
+ if (dup2 (pipe_in, 0) < 0)
+ dup_error (pipe_in, 0);
+ if (pipe_in > 0)
+ close (pipe_in);
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+ /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode. */
+ freopen (NULL, "r", stdin);
+#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
+ }
+ if (pipe_out != NO_PIPE)
+ {
+ if (pipe_out != REDIRECT_BOTH)
+ {
+ if (dup2 (pipe_out, 1) < 0)
+ dup_error (pipe_out, 1);
+ if (pipe_out == 0 || pipe_out > 1)
+ close (pipe_out);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (dup2 (1, 2) < 0)
+ dup_error (1, 2);
+ }
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+ /* Let stdio know the fd may have changed from text to binary mode, and
+ make sure to preserve stdout line buffering. */
+ freopen (NULL, "w", stdout);
+ sh_setlinebuf (stdout);
+#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
+ }
+}
int flags, *rlen;
{
char *r, *ret, *s;
- int l, rsize, sindex;
+ int l, rsize;
unsigned char c;
- size_t slen, clen;
+ size_t clen;
#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
int b;
wchar_t wc;
*r++ = '\'';
s = str;
- slen = strlen (str);
for (s = str; c = *s; s++)
{
wchar_t wcc;
wchar_t *wcstr = NULL;
- size_t wclen, slen;
+ size_t slen;
slen = mbstowcs (wcstr, string, 0);
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
+#include <ansi_stdlib.h>
+
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
filenum = (filenum << 1) ^
(unsigned long) time ((time_t *)0) ^
(unsigned long) dollar_dollar_pid ^
- (unsigned long) ((flags & MT_USERANDOM) ? get_random_number () : ntmpfiles++);
+ (unsigned long) ((flags & MT_USERANDOM) ? random () : ntmpfiles++);
sprintf (filename, "%s/%s-%lu", tdir, lroot, filenum);
if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32)
filename[tdlen + 1 + tmpnamelen] = '\0';
filenum = (filenum << 1) ^
(unsigned long) time ((time_t *)0) ^
(unsigned long) dollar_dollar_pid ^
- (unsigned long) ((flags & MT_USERANDOM) ? get_random_number () : ntmpfiles++);
+ (unsigned long) ((flags & MT_USERANDOM) ? random () : ntmpfiles++);
sprintf (filename, "%s/%s-%lu", tdir, lroot, filenum);
if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32)
filename[tdlen + 1 + tmpnamelen] = '\0';
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.2\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-03-05 22:17-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-02-16 21:42+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-28 22:09-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-03-18 21:25+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Nils Naumann <nau@gmx.net>\n"
"Language-Team: German <translation-team-de@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
"Language: de\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8-bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
-#: arrayfunc.c:51
+#: arrayfunc.c:50
msgid "bad array subscript"
msgstr "Falscher Feldbezeichner."
-#: arrayfunc.c:330 builtins/declare.def:487
+#: arrayfunc.c:313 builtins/declare.def:487
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array"
msgstr "%s: Kann nicht das indizierte in ein assoziatives Array umwandeln."
-#: arrayfunc.c:513
+#: arrayfunc.c:480
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid associative array key"
msgstr "%s: Ungültiger Schlüssel für das assoziative Array."
-#: arrayfunc.c:515
+#: arrayfunc.c:482
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index"
msgstr "%s: Kann nicht auf einen nicht-numerischen Index zuweisen."
-#: arrayfunc.c:557
+#: arrayfunc.c:518
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
-msgstr ""
-"%s: %s: Ein Feldbezeicher wird zum Zuweisen eines assoziativen Arrays "
-"benötigt."
+msgstr "%s: %s: Ein Feldbezeicher wird zum Zuweisen eines assoziativen Arrays benötigt."
-#: bashhist.c:388
+#: bashhist.c:387
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
msgstr "%s: Kann die Datei %s nicht erzeugen."
-#: bashline.c:3868
+#: bashline.c:3498
msgid "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command"
-msgstr ""
-"bash_execute_unix_command: Kann nicht die Tastenzuordnung für das Kommando "
-"finden."
+msgstr "bash_execute_unix_command: Kann nicht die Tastenzuordnung für das Kommando finden."
-#: bashline.c:3955
+#: bashline.c:3584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: first non-whitespace character is not `\"'"
msgstr " %s: Das erste nicht Leerzeichen ist nicht `\\'."
-#: bashline.c:3984
+#: bashline.c:3613
#, c-format
msgid "no closing `%c' in %s"
msgstr "fehlende schließende `%c' in %s."
-#: bashline.c:4018
+#: bashline.c:3647
#, c-format
msgid "%s: missing colon separator"
msgstr "%s: Fehlender Doppelpunkt."
msgid "`%s': invalid alias name"
msgstr "`%s': Ungültiger Alias Name."
-#: builtins/bind.def:123 builtins/bind.def:126
+#: builtins/bind.def:120 builtins/bind.def:123
msgid "line editing not enabled"
msgstr "Zeileneditierung ist nicht aktiviert."
-#: builtins/bind.def:212
+#: builtins/bind.def:206
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': invalid keymap name"
msgstr "`%s': Ungültiger KEYMAP Name."
-#: builtins/bind.def:251
+#: builtins/bind.def:245
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot read: %s"
msgstr "%s: Nicht lesbar: %s"
-#: builtins/bind.def:266
+#: builtins/bind.def:260
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': cannot unbind"
msgstr "`%s': Bindung kann nicht gelöst werden."
-#: builtins/bind.def:304 builtins/bind.def:334
+#: builtins/bind.def:295 builtins/bind.def:325
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': unknown function name"
msgstr "%s: Unbekannter Funktionsname."
-#: builtins/bind.def:312
+#: builtins/bind.def:303
#, c-format
msgid "%s is not bound to any keys.\n"
msgstr "%s ist keiner Taste zugeordnet.\n"
-#: builtins/bind.def:316
+#: builtins/bind.def:307
#, c-format
msgid "%s can be invoked via "
msgstr "%s kann aufgerufen werden durch "
" Without EXPR, returns "
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/cd.def:239
+#: builtins/cd.def:235
msgid "HOME not set"
msgstr "HOME ist nicht zugewiesen."
-#: builtins/cd.def:247 builtins/common.c:166 test.c:832
-msgid "too many arguments"
-msgstr "Zu viele Argumente."
-
-#: builtins/cd.def:258
+#: builtins/cd.def:247
msgid "OLDPWD not set"
msgstr "OLDPWD ist nicht zugewiesen."
msgid "line %d: "
msgstr "Zeile %d: "
-#: builtins/common.c:139 error.c:265
+#: builtins/common.c:139 error.c:261
#, c-format
msgid "warning: "
msgstr "Warnung: "
msgid "%s: usage: "
msgstr "%s: Gebrauch: "
-#: builtins/common.c:191 shell.c:504 shell.c:786
+#: builtins/common.c:166 test.c:832
+msgid "too many arguments"
+msgstr "Zu viele Argumente."
+
+#: builtins/common.c:191 shell.c:500 shell.c:782
#, c-format
msgid "%s: option requires an argument"
msgstr "%s: Ein numerischer Paremeter ist erforderlich."
msgid "%s: not found"
msgstr "%s: Nicht gefunden."
-#: builtins/common.c:214 shell.c:799
+#: builtins/common.c:214 shell.c:795
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid option"
msgstr "%s: Ungültige Option"
msgid "%s: invalid option name"
msgstr "%s: Ungültiger Optionsname."
-#: builtins/common.c:228 general.c:234 general.c:239
+#: builtins/common.c:228 general.c:231 general.c:236
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': not a valid identifier"
msgstr "`%s': Ist kein gültiger Bezeichner."
msgid "invalid hex number"
msgstr "Ungültige hexadezimale Zahl."
-#: builtins/common.c:242 expr.c:1431
+#: builtins/common.c:242 expr.c:1362
msgid "invalid number"
msgstr "Ungültige Zahl."
msgid "`%s': not a pid or valid job spec"
msgstr "`%s': Ist keine gültige Prozess- oder Jobbezeichnung."
-#: builtins/common.c:264 error.c:458
+#: builtins/common.c:264 error.c:454
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly variable"
msgstr "%s: Schreibgeschützte Variable."
msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
msgstr "%s: Mehrdeutige Job Bezeichnung."
-#: builtins/complete.def:277
+#: builtins/complete.def:276
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid action name"
msgstr "%s: Ungültige Methode."
-#: builtins/complete.def:450 builtins/complete.def:645
-#: builtins/complete.def:855
+#: builtins/complete.def:449 builtins/complete.def:644
+#: builtins/complete.def:853
#, c-format
msgid "%s: no completion specification"
msgstr "%s: Keine Komplettierung angegeben."
-#: builtins/complete.def:697
+#: builtins/complete.def:696
msgid "warning: -F option may not work as you expect"
msgstr "Warnung: Die -F Option könnte unerwartete Ergebnisse liefern."
-#: builtins/complete.def:699
+#: builtins/complete.def:698
msgid "warning: -C option may not work as you expect"
msgstr "Warnung: Die -C Option könnte unerwartete Ergebnisse liefern."
-#: builtins/complete.def:828
+#: builtins/complete.def:826
msgid "not currently executing completion function"
msgstr "Gegenwärtig wird keine Komplettierungsfunktion ausgeführt."
msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
msgstr "Mit `-f' können keine Funktionen erzeugt werden."
-#: builtins/declare.def:378 execute_cmd.c:5253
+#: builtins/declare.def:378 execute_cmd.c:5105
#, c-format
msgid "%s: readonly function"
msgstr "%s: Schreibgeschützte Funktion."
msgid "%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way"
msgstr "%s: Kann Feldvariablen nicht auf diese Art löschen."
-#: builtins/declare.def:481 builtins/read.def:702
+#: builtins/declare.def:481
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array"
-msgstr ""
-"%s: Konvertieren von assoziativen in indizierte Arrays ist nicht möglich."
+msgstr "%s: Konvertieren von assoziativen in indizierte Arrays ist nicht möglich."
#: builtins/enable.def:137 builtins/enable.def:145
msgid "dynamic loading not available"
msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
msgstr "%s: Kann nicht löschen: %s"
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:135 builtins/hash.def:171 execute_cmd.c:5100
-#: shell.c:1461
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:135 builtins/hash.def:171 execute_cmd.c:4961
+#: shell.c:1457
#, c-format
msgid "%s: is a directory"
msgstr "%s: ist ein Verzeichnis."
msgid "%s: file is too large"
msgstr "%s: Die Datei ist zu groß."
-#: builtins/evalfile.c:182 builtins/evalfile.c:200 shell.c:1471
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:182 builtins/evalfile.c:200 execute_cmd.c:5032
+#: shell.c:1467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
msgstr "%s: Kann die Datei nicht ausführen."
#: builtins/help.def:168
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
-msgstr ""
-"Auf `%s' trifft kein Hilfethema zu. Probieren Sie `help help', `man -k %s' "
-"oder `info %s'."
+msgid "no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
+msgstr "Auf `%s' trifft kein Hilfethema zu. Probieren Sie `help help', `man -k %s' oder `info %s'."
#: builtins/help.def:185
#, c-format
msgid "history position"
msgstr "Kommandostapelposition."
-#: builtins/history.def:366
+#: builtins/history.def:365
#, c-format
msgid "%s: history expansion failed"
msgstr "%s: Kommandoersetzung gescheitert."
msgid "Unknown error"
msgstr "Unbekannter Fehler."
-#: builtins/let.def:95 builtins/let.def:120 expr.c:577 expr.c:592
+#: builtins/let.def:95 builtins/let.def:120 expr.c:552 expr.c:567
msgid "expression expected"
msgstr "Ausdruck erwartet."
msgid "%s: not an indexed array"
msgstr "%s: Ist kein indiziertes Array."
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:256 builtins/read.def:299
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:256 builtins/read.def:279
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
msgstr "%s: Ungültige Datei-Deskriptor Angabe."
-#: builtins/mapfile.def:264 builtins/read.def:306
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:264 builtins/read.def:286
#, c-format
msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
msgstr "%d: Ungültiger Datei-Deskriptor: %s"
msgid "array variable support required"
msgstr "Die Array Variablen Unterstützung ist in dieser Shell nicht vorhanden."
-#: builtins/printf.def:397
+#: builtins/printf.def:394
#, c-format
msgid "`%s': missing format character"
msgstr "`%s': Fehlendes Formatierungszeichen."
-#: builtins/printf.def:451
+#: builtins/printf.def:448
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid time format specification"
msgstr "`%c': Ungültige Zeitformatangabe."
-#: builtins/printf.def:647
+#: builtins/printf.def:635
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "`%c': Ungültiges Formatierungszeichen."
-#: builtins/printf.def:673
+#: builtins/printf.def:662
#, c-format
msgid "warning: %s: %s"
msgstr "Warnung: %s: %s"
-#: builtins/printf.def:854
+#: builtins/printf.def:840
msgid "missing hex digit for \\x"
msgstr "Fehlende hexadezimale Ziffer nach \\x."
-#: builtins/printf.def:869
+#: builtins/printf.def:855
#, c-format
msgid "missing unicode digit for \\%c"
msgstr "Fehlendes Unicode Zeichen für \\%c."
" \twith its position in the stack\n"
" \n"
" Arguments:\n"
-" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
" \n"
-" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero."
msgstr ""
"Zeigt die Liste der gegenwärtig gespeicherten Verzeichnisse an. Durch\n"
" \n"
" Das `dirs' Kommando zeigt den Verzeichnisstapel an."
-#: builtins/read.def:272
+#: builtins/read.def:252
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid timeout specification"
msgstr "%s: Ungültige Wartezeitangebe."
-#: builtins/read.def:644
+#: builtins/read.def:588
#, c-format
msgid "read error: %d: %s"
msgstr "Lesefehler: %d: %s"
-#: builtins/return.def:75
+#: builtins/return.def:73
msgid "can only `return' from a function or sourced script"
-msgstr ""
-"»Return« ist nur aus einer Funktion oder einem mit »source« ausgefühten "
-"Skript möglich."
+msgstr "»Return« ist nur aus einer Funktion oder einem mit »source« ausgefühten Skript möglich."
#: builtins/set.def:771
msgid "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable"
-msgstr ""
-"Gleichzeitiges `unset' einer Funktion und einer Variable ist nicht möglich."
+msgstr "Gleichzeitiges `unset' einer Funktion und einer Variable ist nicht möglich."
-#: builtins/set.def:812
+#: builtins/set.def:808
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot unset"
msgstr "%s: `unset' nicht möglich."
-#: builtins/set.def:829
+#: builtins/set.def:815
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot unset: readonly %s"
msgstr "%s: `unset' nicht möglich: Schreibgeschützt %s"
-#: builtins/set.def:841
+#: builtins/set.def:826
#, c-format
msgid "%s: not an array variable"
msgstr "%s: Ist keine Feldvariable."
msgid "shift count"
msgstr "Verschiebezähler"
-#: builtins/shopt.def:277
+#: builtins/shopt.def:264
msgid "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously"
msgstr "Kann nicht Shell Optinen gleichzeitig aktivieren und deaktivieren."
-#: builtins/shopt.def:342
+#: builtins/shopt.def:329
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell option name"
msgstr "%s: Ungültiger Shell Optionen Name."
msgid "%s is a shell builtin\n"
msgstr "%s ist eine von der Shell mitgelieferte Funktion.\n"
-#: builtins/type.def:317 builtins/type.def:393
+#: builtins/type.def:317 builtins/type.def:391
#, c-format
msgid "%s is %s\n"
msgstr "%s ist %s\n"
msgid "%s is hashed (%s)\n"
msgstr ""
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:379
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:376
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid limit argument"
msgstr "%s: Ungültiges Grenzwertargument."
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:405
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:402
#, c-format
msgid "`%c': bad command"
msgstr "`%c': Falsches Kommando."
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:434
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:431
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot get limit: %s"
msgstr "%s: Kann die nicht Grenze setzen: %s"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:460
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:457
msgid "limit"
msgstr "Grenze"
-#: builtins/ulimit.def:472 builtins/ulimit.def:772
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:469 builtins/ulimit.def:769
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s"
msgstr "%s: Kann die Grenze nicht ändern: %s"
msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode character"
msgstr "`%c': Ungültiges Zeichen im symbolischen Modus."
-#: error.c:90 error.c:325 error.c:327 error.c:329
+#: error.c:90 error.c:321 error.c:323 error.c:325
msgid " line "
msgstr " Zeile "
msgid "Aborting..."
msgstr "Abbruch..."
-#: error.c:410
+#: error.c:406
msgid "unknown command error"
msgstr "Unbekanntes Kommando"
-#: error.c:411
+#: error.c:407
msgid "bad command type"
msgstr ""
# Programmierfehler
-#: error.c:412
+#: error.c:408
msgid "bad connector"
msgstr ""
-#: error.c:413
+#: error.c:409
msgid "bad jump"
msgstr "Falscher Sprung"
-#: error.c:451
+#: error.c:447
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unbound variable"
msgstr "%s ist nicht gesetzt."
msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
msgstr "Kann nicht die Standardeingabe von /dev/null umleiten: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:1199
+#: execute_cmd.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': Ungültiges Formatzeichen."
-#: execute_cmd.c:2240
+#: execute_cmd.c:2121
msgid "pipe error"
msgstr "Pipe-Fehler"
-#: execute_cmd.c:4284
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:4777
+#: execute_cmd.c:4640
#, c-format
msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
msgstr "%s: Verboten: `/' ist in Kommandonamen unzulässig."
-#: execute_cmd.c:4872
+#: execute_cmd.c:4735
#, c-format
msgid "%s: command not found"
msgstr "%s: Kommando nicht gefunden."
-#: execute_cmd.c:5098
+#: execute_cmd.c:4959
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s"
msgstr "%s: %s"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5135
+#: execute_cmd.c:4995
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
msgstr "%s: %s: Defekter Interpreter"
-#: execute_cmd.c:5172
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"
-msgstr "%s: Kann die Datei nicht ausführen."
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:5244
-#, fuzzy, c-format
-msgid "`%s': is a special builtin"
-msgstr "%s ist eine von der Shell mitgelieferte Funktion.\n"
-
-#: execute_cmd.c:5296
+#: execute_cmd.c:5144
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
msgstr "Kann fd %d nicht auf fd %d verdoppeln."
-#: expr.c:258
+#: expr.c:256
msgid "expression recursion level exceeded"
msgstr "Zu viele Rekursionen in Ausdruck."
-#: expr.c:282
+#: expr.c:280
msgid "recursion stack underflow"
msgstr "Rekursionsstapel leer."
-#: expr.c:430
+#: expr.c:422
msgid "syntax error in expression"
msgstr "Syntaxfehler im Ausdruck."
-#: expr.c:474
+#: expr.c:463
msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable"
msgstr "Zuweisung zu einer Nicht-Variablen versucht."
-#: expr.c:493 expr.c:838
+#: expr.c:486 expr.c:491 expr.c:807
msgid "division by 0"
msgstr "Division durch 0."
-#: expr.c:540
+#: expr.c:517
msgid "bug: bad expassign token"
msgstr "Fehler: Falscher Zuweisungsoperator."
-#: expr.c:589
+#: expr.c:564
msgid "`:' expected for conditional expression"
msgstr "`:' erwartet für ein bedingten Ausdruck."
-#: expr.c:895
+#: expr.c:832
msgid "exponent less than 0"
msgstr "Der Exponent ist kleiner als 0."
-#: expr.c:948
+#: expr.c:887
msgid "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"
-msgstr ""
-"Nach einem Präinkrement oder Prädekrement wird ein Bezeichner erwartet."
+msgstr "Nach einem Präinkrement oder Prädekrement wird ein Bezeichner erwartet."
-#: expr.c:973
+#: expr.c:910
msgid "missing `)'"
msgstr "Fehlende `)'"
-#: expr.c:1024 expr.c:1351
+#: expr.c:959 expr.c:1282
msgid "syntax error: operand expected"
msgstr "Syntax Fehler: Operator erwartet."
-#: expr.c:1353
+#: expr.c:1284
msgid "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
msgstr "Syntaxfehler: Ungültiger arithmetischer Operator."
-#: expr.c:1377
+#: expr.c:1308
#, c-format
msgid "%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")"
msgstr "%s%s%s: %s (Fehlerverursachendes Zeichen ist \\\"%s\\\")."
-#: expr.c:1435
+#: expr.c:1366
msgid "invalid arithmetic base"
msgstr "Ungültige Basis."
-#: expr.c:1455
+#: expr.c:1386
msgid "value too great for base"
msgstr "Der Wert ist zu groß für die aktuelle Basis."
-#: expr.c:1504
+#: expr.c:1435
#, c-format
msgid "%s: expression error\n"
msgstr "%s: Fehler im Ausdruck.\n"
msgid "getcwd: cannot access parent directories"
msgstr "getwd: Kann nicht auf das übergeordnete Verzeichnis zugreifen."
-#: input.c:99 subst.c:5094
+#: input.c:94 subst.c:5082
#, c-format
msgid "cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"
msgstr "Konnte den No-Delay Modus für fd %d nicht wieder herstellen."
-#: input.c:265
+#: input.c:260
#, c-format
msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"
msgstr "Kann keinen neuen Filedeskriptor für die Eingabe von fd %d zuweisen."
# Debug Ausgabe
-#: input.c:273
+#: input.c:268
#, c-format
msgid "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d"
msgstr "save_bash_input: Es existiert bereits ein Puffer für den neuen fd %d."
-#: jobs.c:470
+#: jobs.c:468
msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
-#: jobs.c:891
+#: jobs.c:889
#, c-format
msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
msgstr "Die geforkte PID %d erscheint im laufenden Prozess %d."
-#: jobs.c:1009
+#: jobs.c:1007
#, c-format
msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
msgstr "Lösche den gestoppten Prozess %d der Prozessgruppe %ld."
-#: jobs.c:1114
+#: jobs.c:1112
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:1117
+#: jobs.c:1115
#, c-format
msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
msgstr ""
# Programmierfehler
-#: jobs.c:1432
+#: jobs.c:1430
#, c-format
msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: Prozeßnummer existiert nicht."
-#: jobs.c:1447
+#: jobs.c:1445
#, c-format
msgid "Signal %d"
msgstr "Signal %d"
-#: jobs.c:1461 jobs.c:1486
+#: jobs.c:1459 jobs.c:1484
msgid "Done"
msgstr "Fertig"
-#: jobs.c:1466 siglist.c:123
+#: jobs.c:1464 siglist.c:123
msgid "Stopped"
msgstr "Angehalten"
-#: jobs.c:1470
+#: jobs.c:1468
#, c-format
msgid "Stopped(%s)"
msgstr "Angehalten(%s)"
-#: jobs.c:1474
+#: jobs.c:1472
msgid "Running"
msgstr "Läuft"
-#: jobs.c:1488
+#: jobs.c:1486
#, c-format
msgid "Done(%d)"
msgstr "Fertig(%d)"
-#: jobs.c:1490
+#: jobs.c:1488
#, c-format
msgid "Exit %d"
msgstr "Exit %d"
-#: jobs.c:1493
+#: jobs.c:1491
msgid "Unknown status"
msgstr "Unbekannter Status"
-#: jobs.c:1580
+#: jobs.c:1578
#, c-format
msgid "(core dumped) "
msgstr "(Speicherabzug geschrieben) "
-#: jobs.c:1599
+#: jobs.c:1597
#, c-format
msgid " (wd: %s)"
msgstr " (wd: %s)"
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:1807
+#: jobs.c:1805
#, c-format
msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2135 nojobs.c:585
+#: jobs.c:2133 nojobs.c:585
#, c-format
msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
msgstr "wait: Prozeß %ld wurde nicht von dieser Shell gestartet."
-#: jobs.c:2372
+#: jobs.c:2360
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2653
+#: jobs.c:2637
#, c-format
msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:2875
+#: jobs.c:2859
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job has terminated"
msgstr "%s: Programm ist beendet."
-#: jobs.c:2884
+#: jobs.c:2868
#, c-format
msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
msgstr ""
-#: jobs.c:3105
+#: jobs.c:3089
msgid "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block"
msgstr ""
# Debug Ausgabe
-#: jobs.c:3571
+#: jobs.c:3538
#, c-format
msgid "%s: line %d: "
msgstr "%s: Zeile %d: "
-#: jobs.c:3585 nojobs.c:818
+#: jobs.c:3552 nojobs.c:814
#, c-format
msgid " (core dumped)"
msgstr " (Speicherabzug geschrieben)"
-#: jobs.c:3597 jobs.c:3610
+#: jobs.c:3564 jobs.c:3577
#, c-format
msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
msgstr "(gegenwärtiges Arbeitsverzeichnis ist: %s)\n"
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:3642
+#: jobs.c:3609
msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
msgstr "initialize_jobs: getpgrp war nicht erfolgreich."
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:3703
+#: jobs.c:3669
msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
# interner Fehler
-#: jobs.c:3713
+#: jobs.c:3679
msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
-#: jobs.c:3734 jobs.c:3743
+#: jobs.c:3707
#, c-format
msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
msgstr "Kann die Prozessgruppe des Terminals nicht setzen (%d)."
-#: jobs.c:3748
+#: jobs.c:3712
msgid "no job control in this shell"
msgstr "Keine Job Steuerung in dieser Shell."
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:797
msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered"
-msgstr ""
-"Malloc: Ein frei gekennzeichneter Speicherbereich wurde überschrieben."
+msgstr "Malloc: Ein frei gekennzeichneter Speicherbereich wurde überschrieben."
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:874
msgid "free: called with already freed block argument"
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1016
msgid "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
-msgstr ""
-"realloc: Underflow erkannt; mh_nbytes außerhalb des Gültigkeitsbereichs."
+msgstr "realloc: Underflow erkannt; mh_nbytes außerhalb des Gültigkeitsbereichs."
#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1022
msgid "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ"
#: lib/malloc/table.c:177
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n"
-msgstr ""
-"register_alloc: Speicherzuordnungstabelle ist mit FIND_ALLOC gefüllt?\n"
+msgstr "register_alloc: Speicherzuordnungstabelle ist mit FIND_ALLOC gefüllt?\n"
#: lib/malloc/table.c:184
#, c-format
msgid "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n"
-msgstr ""
-"register_alloc: %p ist bereits in der Speicherzuordnungstabelle als belegt "
-"gekennzeichnet?\n"
+msgstr "register_alloc: %p ist bereits in der Speicherzuordnungstabelle als belegt gekennzeichnet?\n"
#: lib/malloc/table.c:220
#, c-format
msgid "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n"
-msgstr ""
-"register_free: %p ist bereits in der Speicherzuordnungstabelle als frei "
-"gekennzeichnet?\n"
+msgstr "register_free: %p ist bereits in der Speicherzuordnungstabelle als frei gekennzeichnet?\n"
-#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:102
+#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:101
msgid "invalid base"
msgstr "Ungültige Basis"
msgid "network operations not supported"
msgstr "Der Netzwerkbetrieb ist nicht unterstützt."
-#: locale.c:204
+#: locale.c:192
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: Kann die Locale nicht ändern (%s)."
-#: locale.c:206
+#: locale.c:194
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
msgstr "setlocale: LC_ALL: Kann die Locale nicht ändern (%s): %s"
-#: locale.c:263
+#: locale.c:247
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"
msgstr "setlocale: %s: Kann die Standorteinstellungen nicht ändern (%s)."
-#: locale.c:265
+#: locale.c:249
#, c-format
msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
msgstr "setlocale: %s: Kann nicht die Locale ändern (%s): %s"
msgstr "Syntax Fehler: `((%s))'."
# interner Fehler
-#: make_cmd.c:578
+#: make_cmd.c:575
#, c-format
msgid "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d"
msgstr "make_here_document: Falscher Befehlstyp %d."
-#: make_cmd.c:662
+#: make_cmd.c:659
#, c-format
msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')"
msgstr ""
-#: make_cmd.c:759
+#: make_cmd.c:756
#, c-format
msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:3173 parse.y:3448
+#: parse.y:3173 parse.y:3444
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"
msgstr "Dateiende beim Suchen nach `%c' erreicht."
-#: parse.y:4038
+#: parse.y:4025
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"
msgstr "Dateiende beim Suchen nach `]]' erreicht."
-#: parse.y:4043
+#: parse.y:4030
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"
msgstr "Syntaxfehler im bedingten Ausdruck: Unerwartetes Zeichen `%s'."
-#: parse.y:4047
+#: parse.y:4034
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression"
msgstr "Syntaxfehler im bedingen Ausdruck."
-#: parse.y:4125
+#: parse.y:4112
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"
msgstr "Unerwartetes Zeichen: `%s' anstatt von `)'"
-#: parse.y:4129
+#: parse.y:4116
msgid "expected `)'"
msgstr "`)' erwartet."
-#: parse.y:4157
+#: parse.y:4144
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4161
+#: parse.y:4148
msgid "unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4207
+#: parse.y:4194
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4211
+#: parse.y:4198
msgid "conditional binary operator expected"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4233
+#: parse.y:4220
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4237
+#: parse.y:4224
msgid "unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4248
+#: parse.y:4235
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4251
+#: parse.y:4238
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:4255
+#: parse.y:4242
#, c-format
msgid "unexpected token %d in conditional command"
msgstr ""
-#: parse.y:5590
+#: parse.y:5566
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"
msgstr "Syntaxfehler beim unerwarteten Wort `%s'"
-#: parse.y:5608
+#: parse.y:5584
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near `%s'"
msgstr "Syntaxfehler beim unerwarteten Wort `%s'"
-#: parse.y:5618
+#: parse.y:5594
msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file"
msgstr "Syntax Fehler: Unerwartetes Dateiende."
-#: parse.y:5618
+#: parse.y:5594
msgid "syntax error"
msgstr "Syntax Fehler"
# Du oder Sie?
-#: parse.y:5680
+#: parse.y:5656
#, c-format
msgid "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"
msgstr "Benutze \"%s\" um die Shell zu verlassen.\n"
-#: parse.y:5842
+#: parse.y:5818
msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
msgstr "Dateiende beim Suchen nach passender `)' erreicht."
-#: pcomplete.c:1079
+#: pcomplete.c:1030
#, c-format
msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
msgstr ""
msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:300
+#: print_cmd.c:296
#, c-format
msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
msgstr "print_command: Falsches Verbindungszeichen `%d'."
-#: print_cmd.c:373
+#: print_cmd.c:368
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"
msgstr "xtrace_set: %d: Ungültige Dateibeschreibung."
-#: print_cmd.c:378
+#: print_cmd.c:373
msgid "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:382
+#: print_cmd.c:377
#, c-format
msgid "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
msgstr ""
-#: print_cmd.c:1503
+#: print_cmd.c:1478
#, c-format
msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
msgstr ""
msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
msgstr "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port Wird ohne Netzwerk nicht unterstützt"
-#: redir.c:818 redir.c:930 redir.c:993 redir.c:1142
+#: redir.c:818 redir.c:930 redir.c:993 redir.c:1136
msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
msgstr ""
-#: shell.c:337
+#: shell.c:333
msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!"
msgstr "Konnte das /tmp Verzeichnis nicht finden, bitte anlegen."
-#: shell.c:341
+#: shell.c:337
msgid "/tmp must be a valid directory name"
msgstr "/tmp muß ein gültiger Verzeichnisname sein."
-#: shell.c:888
+#: shell.c:884
#, c-format
msgid "%c%c: invalid option"
msgstr "%c%c: Ungültige Option"
-#: shell.c:1662
+#: shell.c:1652
msgid "I have no name!"
msgstr "Ich habe keinen Benutzernamen!"
-#: shell.c:1807
+#: shell.c:1795
#, c-format
msgid "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n"
msgstr "GNU bash, Version %s-(%s)\n"
-#: shell.c:1808
+#: shell.c:1796
#, c-format
msgid ""
"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n"
"Benutzung:\t%s [Lange GNU Option] [Option] ...\n"
"\t\t%s [Lange GNU Option] [Option] Script-Datei ...\n"
-#: shell.c:1810
+#: shell.c:1798
msgid "GNU long options:\n"
msgstr "Lange GNU Optionen:\n"
-#: shell.c:1814
+#: shell.c:1802
msgid "Shell options:\n"
msgstr "Shell-Optionen:\n"
-#: shell.c:1815
+#: shell.c:1803
msgid "\t-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n"
msgstr "\t-irsD oder -c Kommando\t\t(Nur Aufruf)\n"
-#: shell.c:1830
+#: shell.c:1818
#, c-format
msgid "\t-%s or -o option\n"
msgstr "\t-%s oder Option -o\n"
-#: shell.c:1836
+#: shell.c:1824
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n"
msgstr "`%s -c \"help set\"' für mehr Informationen über Shell-Optionen.\n"
-#: shell.c:1837
+#: shell.c:1825
#, c-format
msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n"
msgstr "`%s -c help' für mehr Information über Shell-Kommandos.\n"
-#: shell.c:1838
+#: shell.c:1826
#, c-format
msgid "Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n"
msgstr "Mit dem `bashbug' Kommando können Fehler gemeldet werden.\n"
-#: sig.c:647
+#: sig.c:638
#, c-format
msgid "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation"
msgstr "sigprocmask: %d: Ungültige Operation"
msgid "Unknown Signal #%d"
msgstr "Unbekanntes Signal Nr.: %d."
-#: subst.c:1335 subst.c:1506
+#: subst.c:1333 subst.c:1502
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"
msgstr "Falsche Ersetzung: Keine schließende `%s' in `%s' enthalten."
-#: subst.c:2801
+#: subst.c:2795
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot assign list to array member"
msgstr "%s: Kann einem Feldelement keine Liste zuweisen."
-#: subst.c:4991 subst.c:5007
+#: subst.c:4979 subst.c:4995
msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution"
msgstr "Kann keine Pipe für die Prozeßersetzung erzeugen."
-#: subst.c:5039
+#: subst.c:5027
msgid "cannot make child for process substitution"
msgstr "Kann den Kindsprozess für die Prozeßersetzung nicht erzeugen."
-#: subst.c:5084
+#: subst.c:5072
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading"
msgstr "Kann nicht die benannte Pipe %s zum lesen öffnen."
-#: subst.c:5086
+#: subst.c:5074
#, c-format
msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing"
msgstr "Kann nicht die benannte Pipe %s zum schreiben öffnen."
-#: subst.c:5104
+#: subst.c:5092
#, c-format
msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"
msgstr "Kann die benannte Pipe %s nicht auf fd %d."
-#: subst.c:5296
+#: subst.c:5284
msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution"
msgstr "Kann keine Pipes für Kommandoersetzung erzeugen."
-#: subst.c:5334
+#: subst.c:5322
msgid "cannot make child for command substitution"
msgstr "Kann keinen Unterprozess für die Kommandoersetzung erzeugen."
# interner Fehler
-#: subst.c:5351
+#: subst.c:5339
msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"
msgstr "Kommandoersetzung: Kann Pipe nicht als fd 1 duplizieren."
-#: subst.c:5875
+#: subst.c:5859
#, c-format
msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
msgstr "%s: Parameter ist Null oder nicht gesetzt."
# interner Fehler
-#: subst.c:6141 subst.c:6156
+#: subst.c:6125 subst.c:6140
#, c-format
msgid "%s: substring expression < 0"
msgstr "%s: Teilstring-Ausdruck < 0."
-#: subst.c:7284
+#: subst.c:7271
#, c-format
msgid "%s: bad substitution"
msgstr "%s: Falsche Variablenersetzung."
-#: subst.c:7361
+#: subst.c:7347
#, c-format
msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
msgstr "$%s: Kann so nicht zuweisen."
-#: subst.c:7697
-msgid ""
-"future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic "
-"substitution"
-msgstr ""
+#: subst.c:7684
+msgid "future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"
+msgstr "Zukünftige Versionen dieser Shell werden das Auswerten arithmetischer Ersetzungen erzwingen."
-#: subst.c:8165
+#: subst.c:8149
#, c-format
msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
msgstr "Falsche Ersetzung: Keine schließende \"`\" in %s."
-#: subst.c:9056
+#: subst.c:9036
#, c-format
msgid "no match: %s"
msgstr "Keine Entsprechung: %s"
msgid "missing `]'"
msgstr "Fehlende `]'"
-#: trap.c:209
+#: trap.c:207
msgid "invalid signal number"
msgstr "Ungültige Signalnummer."
-#: trap.c:329
+#: trap.c:337
#, c-format
msgid "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p"
msgstr ""
-#: trap.c:333
+#: trap.c:341
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
+msgid "run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
msgstr ""
# Programmierfehler
-#: trap.c:379
+#: trap.c:393
#, c-format
msgid "trap_handler: bad signal %d"
msgstr "trap_handler: Falsches Signal %d."
-#: variables.c:366
+#: variables.c:363
#, c-format
msgid "error importing function definition for `%s'"
msgstr "Fehler beim Importieren der Funktionsdefinition für `%s'."
-#: variables.c:764
+#: variables.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:1941
+#: variables.c:1932
msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:3192
+#: variables.c:3182
msgid "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:3437
+#: variables.c:3427
#, c-format
msgid "%s has null exportstr"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:3442 variables.c:3451
+#: variables.c:3432 variables.c:3441
#, c-format
msgid "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:3457
+#: variables.c:3447
#, c-format
msgid "no `=' in exportstr for %s"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:3917
+#: variables.c:3891
msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:3930
+#: variables.c:3904
msgid "pop_var_context: no global_variables context"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:4004
+#: variables.c:3978
msgid "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope"
msgstr ""
-#: variables.c:4821
+#: variables.c:4786
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE"
msgstr "%s: %s: Kann nicht als Datei geöffnet werden."
-#: variables.c:4826
+#: variables.c:4791
#, c-format
msgid "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor"
msgstr ""
msgstr "Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
#: version.c:47
-msgid ""
-"License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Lizenz GPLv3+: GNU GPL Version 3 oder jünger <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
+msgid "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+msgstr "Lizenz GPLv3+: GNU GPL Version 3 oder jünger <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
#: version.c:86 version2.c:83
#, c-format
#: version2.c:87
#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
-msgstr ""
-"Lizenz GPLv2+: GNU GPL Version 2 oder jünger <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl."
-"html>\n"
+msgid "License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+msgstr "Lizenz GPLv2+: GNU GPL Version 2 oder jünger <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
#: xmalloc.c:91
#, c-format
msgstr "unalias [-a] Name [Name ...]"
#: builtins.c:51
-#, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-"
-"x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
-msgstr ""
-"bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m Tastaturtabelle] [-f Dateiname] [-q Name] [-u Name] [-r "
-"Tastenfolge:Shell Kommando] [Tastenfolge:readline Funktion oder Kommando]"
+msgid "bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
+msgstr "bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m Tastaturtabelle] [-f Dateiname] [-q Name] [-u Name] [-r Tastenfolge:Shell Kommando] [Tastenfolge:readline Funktion oder Kommando]"
#: builtins.c:54
msgid "break [n]"
#: builtins.c:103
msgid "fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]"
-msgstr ""
-"fc [-e Editor] [-lnr] [Anfang] [Ende] oder fc -s [Muster=Ersetzung] "
-"[Kommando]"
+msgstr "fc [-e Editor] [-lnr] [Anfang] [Ende] oder fc -s [Muster=Ersetzung] [Kommando]"
#: builtins.c:107
msgid "fg [job_spec]"
msgstr "help [-dms] [Muster ...]"
#: builtins.c:121
-msgid ""
-"history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg "
-"[arg...]"
-msgstr ""
-"history [-c] [-d Offset] [n] oder history -anrw [Dateiname] oder history -ps "
-"Argument [Argument...]"
+msgid "history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]"
+msgstr "history [-c] [-d Offset] [n] oder history -anrw [Dateiname] oder history -ps Argument [Argument...]"
#: builtins.c:125
msgid "jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]"
msgstr "disown [-h] [-ar] [Jobbezeichnung ...]"
#: builtins.c:132
-msgid ""
-"kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l "
-"[sigspec]"
-msgstr ""
-"kill [-s Signalname | -n Signalnummer | -Signalname] [pid | job] ... oder "
-"kill -l [Signalname]"
+msgid "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]"
+msgstr "kill [-s Signalname | -n Signalnummer | -Signalname] [pid | job] ... oder kill -l [Signalname]"
#: builtins.c:134
msgid "let arg [arg ...]"
msgstr "let Argument [Argument ...]"
#: builtins.c:136
-msgid ""
-"read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p "
-"prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
-"read [-ers] [-a Feld] [-d Begrenzer] [-i Text] [-n Zeichenanzahl] [-N "
-"Zeichenanzahl] [-p Prompt] [-t Zeitlimit] [-u fd] [Name ...]"
+msgid "read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
+msgstr "read [-ers] [-a Feld] [-d Begrenzer] [-i Text] [-n Zeichenanzahl] [-N Zeichenanzahl] [-p Prompt] [-t Zeitlimit] [-u fd] [Name ...]"
#: builtins.c:138
msgid "return [n]"
msgstr "type [-afptP] Name [Name ...]"
#: builtins.c:169
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "ulimit [-SHabcdefilmnpqrstuvxT] [limit]"
+msgid "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit]"
msgstr "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [Grenzwert]"
#: builtins.c:172
msgstr "umask [-p] [-S] [Modus]"
#: builtins.c:175
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "wait [id ...]"
+msgid "wait [id]"
msgstr "wait [id]"
#: builtins.c:179
msgstr "case Wort in [Muster [| Muster]...) Kommandos ;;]... esac"
#: builtins.c:192
-msgid ""
-"if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else "
-"COMMANDS; ] fi"
-msgstr ""
-"if Kommandos; then Kommandos; [ elif Kommandos; then Kommandos; ]... [ else "
-"Kommandos; ] fi"
+msgid "if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi"
+msgstr "if Kommandos; then Kommandos; [ elif Kommandos; then Kommandos; ]... [ else Kommandos; ] fi"
#: builtins.c:194
msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
msgstr "printf [-v var] Format [Argumente]"
#: builtins.c:229
-msgid ""
-"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-"
-"W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S "
-"suffix] [name ...]"
-msgstr ""
-"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o Option] [-A Aktion] [-G Suchmuster] "
-"[-W Wortliste] [-F Funktion] [-C Kommando] [-X Filtermuster] [-P Prefix] [-"
-"S Suffix] [Name ...]"
+msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"
+msgstr "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o Option] [-A Aktion] [-G Suchmuster] [-W Wortliste] [-F Funktion] [-C Kommando] [-X Filtermuster] [-P Prefix] [-S Suffix] [Name ...]"
#: builtins.c:233
-msgid ""
-"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] "
-"[-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
-msgstr ""
-"compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o Option] [-A Aktion] [-G Suchmuster] [-W "
-"Wortliste] [-F Funktion] [-C Kommando] [-X Filtermuster] [-P Prefix] [-S "
-"Suffix] [Wort]"
+msgid "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
+msgstr "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o Option] [-A Aktion] [-G Suchmuster] [-W Wortliste] [-F Funktion] [-C Kommando] [-X Filtermuster] [-P Prefix] [-S Suffix] [Wort]"
#: builtins.c:237
msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]"
msgstr "compopt [-o|+o Option] [-DE] [Name ...]"
#: builtins.c:240
-msgid ""
-"mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
-"quantum] [array]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr "mapfile [-n Anzahl] [-O Quelle] [-s Anzahl] [-t] [-u fd] [-C Callback] [-c Menge] [Feldvariable]"
#: builtins.c:242
-msgid ""
-"readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c "
-"quantum] [array]"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr "readarray [-n Anzahl] [-O Quelle] [-s Anzahl] [-t] [-u fd] [-C Callback] [-c Menge] [Feldvariable]"
+# alias
#: builtins.c:254
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Define or display aliases.\n"
" \n"
" -p\tPrint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has "
-"been\n"
+" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been\n"
" defined."
msgstr ""
"Definiert Aliase oder zeigt sie an.\n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
" Meldet Erfolg, außer wenn NAME nicht existiert."
+# unalias
#: builtins.c:276
msgid ""
"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
" \n"
" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
msgstr ""
-"Entferne jeden Namen von der Aliasliste.\n"
+"Entferne jeden angegebenen Namen von der Aliasliste.\n"
" \n"
" Optionen:\n"
" -a\tEnferne alle Alias Definitionen.\n"
" \n"
-" Gibt immer Erfolg zurück, wenn der Name existiert."
+" Gibt immer 0 zurück wenn der Alias existierte."
# bind
#: builtins.c:289
-#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n"
" command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n"
-" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-"
-"move,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
" vi-command, and vi-insert.\n"
" -l List names of functions.\n"
" -P List function names and bindings.\n"
" -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n"
" reused as input.\n"
-" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-"values\n"
-" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-"values\n"
+" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
+" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
" -V List variable names and values\n"
" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n"
" be reused as input.\n"
" -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n"
-" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named "
-"function.\n"
+" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.\n"
" -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n"
" -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n"
" -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n"
" \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n"
-" -X\t\t List key sequences bound with -x and associated commands\n"
-" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
" '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'.\n"
" \n"
" Optionen:\n"
-" -m Keymap Benutzt KEYMAP as Tastaturbelegung für die "
-"Laufzeit\n"
-" dieses Kommandos. Gültige Keymap Namen sind: "
-"emacs,\n"
-" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-"
-"move,\n"
+" -m Keymap Benutzt KEYMAP as Tastaturbelegung für die Laufzeit\n"
+" dieses Kommandos. Gültige Keymap Namen sind: emacs,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
" vi-command und vi-insert.\n"
" -l Listet Funktionsnamen auf.\n"
" -P Listet Funktionsnamen und Tastenzuordnungen auf.\n"
-" -p Listet Funktionsnamen und Tastenzuordnungen so "
-"auf,\n"
-" dass sie direkt als Eingabe verwendet werden "
-"können.\n"
-" -S Listet Tastenfolgen und deren Werte auf, die "
-"Makros \n"
+" -p Listet Funktionsnamen und Tastenzuordnungen so auf,\n"
+" dass sie direkt als Eingabe verwendet werden können.\n"
+" -S Listet Tastenfolgen und deren Werte auf, die Makros \n"
" aufrufen.\n"
-" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-"values\n"
-" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
-" -V List variable names and values\n"
-" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n"
-" be reused as input.\n"
-" -q Funktionsname Succht die Tastenfolgen, welche die angegebene "
-"Funktion aufrufen.\n"
-" -u Funktionsname Entfernt alle der Funktion zugeordneten "
-"Tastenfolgen.\n"
-" -r Tastenfolge Entfernt die Zuweisungen der angegebeben "
-"Tastenfolge.\n"
-" -f Dateiname Liest die Tastenzuordnungen aus der angegebenen "
-"Datei.\n"
-" -x Tastenfolge:Shellkommando\tWeist der Tastenfolge das "
-"Shellkommando\n"
+" -s Listet Tastenfolgen und deren Werte auf, die Makros \n"
+" aufrufen, dass sie als Eingabe wiederverwendet werden\n"
+" können.\n"
+" -V Listet Variablennamen und Werte auf.\n"
+" -v Listet Variablennamen und Werte so auf, dass sie als\n"
+" Eingabe verwendet werden können.\n"
+" -q Funktionsname Sucht die Tastenfolgen, welche die angegebene Funktion aufrufen.\n"
+" -u Funktionsname Entfernt alle der Funktion zugeordneten Tastenfolgen.\n"
+" -r Tastenfolge Entfernt die Zuweisungen der angegebeben Tastenfolge.\n"
+" -f Dateiname Liest die Tastenzuordnungen aus der angegebenen Datei.\n"
+" -x Tastenfolge:Shellkommando\tWeist der Tastenfolge das Shellkommando\n"
" \t\t\t\t\tzu.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert: \n"
" Bind gibt 0 zurück, wenn keine unerkannte Option angegeben wurde\n"
" oder ein Fehler eintrat."
-#: builtins.c:328
+# break
+#: builtins.c:326
msgid ""
"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Beendet for, while oder until Schleifen.\n"
" \n"
-" Break beendet eine FOR, WHILE oder UNTIL Schleife. Wenn N\n"
-" angegeben ist, werden N geschachtelte Schleifen beendet.\n"
+" Break beendet eine »for«, »while« oder »until« Schleife. Wenn »n«\n"
+" angegeben ist, werden entsprechend viele geschachtelte Schleifen\n"
+" beendet.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
-" Der Rückgabewert ist 0, es sei den N ist größer oder gleich 1."
+" Der Rückgabewert ist 0, außer »n« ist nicht größer oder gleich 1."
-#: builtins.c:340
+# continue
+#: builtins.c:338
msgid ""
"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Springt zum Schleifenanfang von for, while, oder until Schleifen.\n"
" \n"
-" Springt zum Schleifenanfang der aktuellen FOR, WHILE oder UNTIL\n"
-" Schleife. Wenn N angegeben ist, werden N wird zum Beginn der N-ten\n"
+" Springt zum Schleifenanfang der aktuellen »for«, »while« oder »until«\n"
+" Schleife. Wenn »n« angegeben ist, wird zum Beginn der »n«-ten\n"
" übergeordneten Schleife gesprungen.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
-" Der Rückgabewert ist 0, außer wenn N größer oder gleich 1 ist."
+" Der Rückgabewert ist 0, außer wenn »n« nicht größer oder gleich 1 ist."
-#: builtins.c:352
+# builtin
+#: builtins.c:350
msgid ""
"Execute shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n"
" lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n"
-" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the "
-"function.\n"
+" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n"
" not a shell builtin.."
msgstr ""
-"Führt eine eingebeute Shell Funktionen aus.\n"
+"Führt eine in der Shell definierts Kommando aus.\n"
" \n"
-" Führt die eingebaute Shell Funktionen mit den angegebenen\n"
-" Argumenten aus, ohne das Kommando nachzuschlagen. Diese Funktion\n"
-" ist dann nützlich, wenn eine eingebaute Shell Funktion\n"
-" überschrieben wurde, diese aber trotzdem ausgeführt werden soll.\n"
+" Führt eine in der Shell definertes Kommando aus. Dies ist dann\n"
+" nützlich, wenn es mit gleichem Namen als Funktion reimplementiert\n"
+" werden soll, aber die Funktionalität des eingebauten Kommandos\n"
+" innerhalb der neuen Funktion benötigt wird.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert: \n"
-" Der Rückgabewert der eingebauten Schellfunkrion oder Falsch, wenn\n"
-" diese nicht existiert."
+" Der Rückgabewert des aufgerufenen Kommandos oder »falsch«, wenn\n"
+" dieses nicht existiert."
-#: builtins.c:367
+# caller
+#: builtins.c:365
msgid ""
"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
" \n"
" is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:385
-#, fuzzy
+# cd
+#: builtins.c:383
msgid ""
"Change the shell working directory.\n"
" \n"
-" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of "
-"the\n"
+" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the\n"
" HOME shell variable.\n"
" \n"
-" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory "
-"containing\n"
-" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon "
-"(:).\n"
-" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR "
-"begins\n"
+" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing\n"
+" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).\n"
+" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins\n"
" with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n"
" \n"
-" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is "
-"set,\n"
-" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a "
-"value,\n"
+" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,\n"
+" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value,\n"
" its value is used for DIR.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
-" -L\tforce symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic links in\n"
-" \tDIR after processing instances of `..'\n"
+" -L\tforce symbolic links to be followed\n"
" -P\tuse the physical directory structure without following symbolic\n"
-" \tlinks: resolve symbolic links in DIR before processing instances\n"
-" \tof `..'\n"
+" \tlinks\n"
" -e\tif the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory\n"
" \tcannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status\n"
" \n"
" The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.\n"
-" `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname "
-"component\n"
-" back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully "
-"when\n"
+" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when\n"
" -P is used; non-zero otherwise."
msgstr ""
"Wechselt das Arbeitsverzeichnis.\n"
" \n"
" Die Variable CDPATH enthält den Suchpfad für das in DIR\n"
" spezifizierte Verzeichnis. Die Pfadnamen werden durch Doppelpunkte\n"
-" (:) getrennt. Ein leerer Pfadname bezeichnet das aktuelle\n"
-" Verzeichnis. Wenn DIR mit einem Schrägsrtich (/) beginnt, wird der\n"
+" »:« getrennt. Ein leerer Pfadname bezeichnet das aktuelle\n"
+" Verzeichnis. Wenn DIR mit einem Schrägstrich »/« beginnt, wird der\n"
" CDPATH nicht durchsucht.\n"
" \n"
" Wenn kein entsprechendes Verzeichnis gefunden wurde und die Shell\n"
" Optionen:\n"
" -L\tErzwingt das Folgen symbolischer Verweise.\n"
" -P\tSymbolische Verweise werden ignoriert.\n"
-" -e\tDer Rückgabewert ist ungleich Null, wenn die -P Option verwendet "
-"wird\n"
-"\t\tund das aktuelle Arbeitsverzeichns nicht ermittelt werden kann.\n"
+" -e\tZusammen mit der »-P« Option wird der Rückgabewert ungleich 0, \n"
+"\t\twenn das aktuelle Arbeitsverzeichns nach einem\n"
+"\t\terfolgreichn Verzeichniswechsel nicht ermittelt werden\n"
+"\t\tkonnte.\n"
" \n"
" Standardmäßig wird symbolischen Verweisen gefolgt.\n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert: \n"
" Der Rückgabewert ist 0, wenn das Verzeichnis gewechselt wurde,\n"
-" und wenn -P verwendet worden ist auch $PWD gesetzt werden konnte; sonst\n"
-" ungleich 0."
+" sonst ungleich 0.\n"
+" Mit den Optionen »-P -e« wird ein Rückgabewert ungleich 0 auch\n"
+" dann gesetzt, wenn das neue aktuelle Verzeichnis nicht ermittelt\n"
+" werden konnte."
-#: builtins.c:420
+# pwd
+#: builtins.c:414
msgid ""
"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory\n"
" cannot be read."
-msgstr " be a literal `]', to match the opening `['.<"
+msgstr ""
+"Gibt den Namen des aktuellen Arbeitsverzeichnisses aus.\n"
+" \n"
+" Optionen:\n"
+" -L\tGibt den Inhalt der Variable $PWD aus.\n"
+" -P\tGibt den physischen Verzeichnispfad aus, ohne\n"
+" symbolische Verweise.\n"
+" \n"
+" Standardmäßig wird immer die Option »-L« gesetzt.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rückgabewert:\n"
+" Ist 0 außer wenn eine ungültige Option angegeben oder das aktuelle\n"
+" Verzeichnis nicht lesbar ist."
# colon
-#: builtins.c:437
+#: builtins.c:431
msgid ""
"Null command.\n"
" \n"
" Leeranweisung; das Kommando hat keine Wirkung.\n"
"\n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
-" Das Kommando ist immer erfolgreich."
+" Das Kommando ist immer »wahr«."
-#: builtins.c:448
+# true
+#: builtins.c:442
msgid ""
"Return a successful result.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
+"Gibt »wahr« zurück.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rückgabewert:\n"
+" Immer »wahr«."
-#: builtins.c:457
+#: builtins.c:451
msgid ""
"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always fails."
msgstr ""
+"Gibt »falsch« zurück.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rückgabewert:\n"
+" Immer »falsch«."
-#: builtins.c:466
+#: builtins.c:460
msgid ""
"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
" \n"
" Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n"
-" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke "
-"commands\n"
+" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands\n"
" on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:485
+#: builtins.c:479
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
" Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n"
" the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n"
" \n"
-" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the "
-"`local'\n"
+" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'\n"
" command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:523
+#: builtins.c:517
msgid ""
"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
" \n"
"\n"
" Veraltet. Siehe `help declare'."
-#: builtins.c:531
+#: builtins.c:525
msgid ""
"Define local variables.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Definiert lokale Variablen.\n"
" \n"
-" Erzeugt eine Lokale Variable NAME und weist ihr den Wert VALUE zu. "
-"OPTION\n"
+" Erzeugt eine Lokale Variable NAME und weist ihr den Wert VALUE zu. OPTION\n"
" kann eine beliebige von `declare' akzeptierte Option sein.\n"
"\n"
-" Lokale Variablen können nur innerhalb einer Funktion benutzt werden. "
-"Sie\n"
-" sind nur in der sie erzeugenden Funktion und ihren Kindern "
-"sichtbar. \n"
+" Lokale Variablen können nur innerhalb einer Funktion benutzt werden. Sie\n"
+" sind nur in der sie erzeugenden Funktion und ihren Kindern sichtbar. \n"
" \n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
" Liefert \"Erfolg\" außer bei einer ungültigen Option, einem Fehler oder\n"
" die Shell führt keine Funktion aus."
-#: builtins.c:548
+#: builtins.c:542
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
-" Display the ARGs, separated by a single space character and followed by "
-"a\n"
-" newline, on the standard output.\n"
+" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -n\tdo not append a newline\n"
" \\b\tbackspace\n"
" \\c\tsuppress further output\n"
" \\e\tescape character\n"
-" \\E\tescape character\n"
" \\f\tform feed\n"
" \\n\tnew line\n"
" \\r\tcarriage return\n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:584
+#: builtins.c:576
msgid ""
"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:599
+#: builtins.c:591
msgid ""
"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:627
+#: builtins.c:619
msgid ""
"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
" \n"
-" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the "
-"shell,\n"
+" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell,\n"
" and execute the resulting commands.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Rückgabewert:\n"
" Der Status des Kommandoe oder Erfolg wenn das Kommando leer war."
-#: builtins.c:639
+#: builtins.c:631
msgid ""
"Parse option arguments.\n"
" \n"
" encountered or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:681
+#: builtins.c:673
msgid ""
"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
" \n"
" Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n"
-" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not "
-"specified,\n"
+" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,\n"
" any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -c\t\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n"
" -l\t\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n"
" \n"
-" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, "
-"unless\n"
+" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless\n"
" the shell option `execfail' is set.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error "
-"occurs."
+" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs."
msgstr ""
# exit
-#: builtins.c:702
+#: builtins.c:694
msgid ""
"Exit the shell.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Beendet die aktuelle Shell.\n"
"\n"
-" Beendt die die aktuelle Shell mit dem Rückgabewert N. Wenn N nicht "
-"angegeben ist,\n"
+" Beendt die die aktuelle Shell mit dem Rückgabewert N. Wenn N nicht angegeben ist,\n"
" wird der Rückgabewert des letzten ausgeführten Kommandos übernommen."
-#: builtins.c:711
+#: builtins.c:703
msgid ""
"Exit a login shell.\n"
" \n"
-" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not "
-"executed\n"
+" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed\n"
" in a login shell."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:721
+# fc
+#: builtins.c:713
msgid ""
"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
" \n"
-" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history "
-"list.\n"
+" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.\n"
" FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n"
" string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n"
" string.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
-" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then "
-"EDITOR,\n"
+" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,\n"
" \t\tthen vi\n"
" -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n"
" -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n"
" the last command.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error "
-"occurs."
+" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:751
+#: builtins.c:743
msgid ""
"Move job to the foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Bringt einen Job in den Vordergrund.\n"
+" \n"
+" Bringt den mit JOB_SPEC bezeichneten Prozess als aktuellen Job\n"
+" in den Vordergrund. Wenn JOB_SPEC nicht angegeben ist, wird\n"
+" der zuletzt angehaltene Job verwendet.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rückgabewert:\n"
+" Status des in den Vordergrund geholten Jobs oder Fehler."
-#: builtins.c:766
+#: builtins.c:758
msgid ""
"Move jobs to the background.\n"
" \n"
-" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if "
-"they\n"
-" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's "
-"notion\n"
+" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they\n"
+" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion\n"
" of the current job is used.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
+"Bringt einen Job in den Hintergrund.\n"
+" \n"
+" Bringt den mit JOB_SPEC bezeichneten Job in den Hintergrund,\n"
+" als ob er mit »&« gestartet wurde.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rückgabewert:\n"
+" Immer Erfolg, außer wenn die Jobsteuerung nicht verfügbar ist\n"
+" oder ein Fehler auftritt."
-#: builtins.c:780
+#: builtins.c:772
msgid ""
"Remember or display program locations.\n"
" \n"
" Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n"
-" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is "
-"displayed.\n"
+" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -d\t\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n"
" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:805
+#: builtins.c:797
msgid ""
"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
" \n"
" PATTERN\tPattern specifiying a help topic\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is "
-"given."
+" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:829
+#: builtins.c:821
msgid ""
"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
" \n"
" \n"
" If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n"
" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n"
-" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed "
-"otherwise.\n"
+" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:865
+#: builtins.c:857
msgid ""
"Display status of jobs.\n"
" \n"
" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:892
+#: builtins.c:884
msgid ""
"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:911
+#: builtins.c:903
msgid ""
"Send a signal to a job.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:934
+#: builtins.c:926
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
" \n"
" Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n"
" fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n"
" is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n"
-" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are "
-"listed\n"
+" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed\n"
" in order of decreasing precedence.\n"
" \n"
" \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n"
" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:979
+#: builtins.c:971
msgid ""
"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
" \n"
" Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n"
-" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with "
-"word\n"
+" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word\n"
" splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n"
" word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n"
-" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as "
-"word\n"
+" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word\n"
" delimiters.\n"
" \n"
-" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY "
-"variable.\n"
+" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n"
" -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n"
" \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS\n"
" \t\tcharacters are read before the delimiter\n"
-" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, "
-"unless\n"
+" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless\n"
" \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter\n"
" -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n"
" \t\tattempting to read\n"
" -r\t\tdo not allow backslashes to escape any characters\n"
" -s\t\tdo not echo input coming from a terminal\n"
-" -t timeout\ttime out and return failure if a complete line of input "
-"is\n"
+" -t timeout\ttime out and return failure if a complete line of input is\n"
" \t\tnot read withint TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT\n"
" \t\tvariable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a\n"
-" \t\tfractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns immediately,\n"
-" \t\twithout trying to read any data, returning success only if\n"
-" \t\tinput is available on the specified file descriptor. The\n"
+" \t\tfractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns success only\n"
+" \t\tif input is available on the specified file descriptor. The\n"
" \t\texit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded\n"
" -u fd\t\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times "
-"out\n"
-" (in which case it's greater than 128), a variable assignment error "
-"occurs,\n"
+" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out,\n"
" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1024
+#: builtins.c:1014
msgid ""
"Return from a shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1037
+#: builtins.c:1027
msgid ""
"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" physical same as -P\n"
" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n"
" the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n"
-" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero "
-"status\n"
+" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status\n"
" posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n"
" operation differs from the Posix standard to\n"
" match the standard\n"
" -E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions.\n"
" -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on\n"
" by default when the shell is interactive.\n"
-" -P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands\n"
+" -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands\n"
" such as cd which change the current directory.\n"
" -T If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions.\n"
" -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1122
+#: builtins.c:1112
msgid ""
"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
" \n"
" -f\ttreat each NAME as a shell function\n"
" -v\ttreat each NAME as a shell variable\n"
" \n"
-" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that "
-"fails,\n"
+" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,\n"
" tries to unset a function.\n"
" \n"
" Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1142
+#: builtins.c:1132
msgid ""
"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
" \n"
" Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n"
-" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before "
-"exporting.\n"
+" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -f\trefer to shell functions\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1161
+#: builtins.c:1151
msgid ""
"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1182
+#: builtins.c:1172
msgid ""
"Shift positional parameters.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1194 builtins.c:1209
+#: builtins.c:1184 builtins.c:1199
msgid ""
"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
" \n"
" FILENAME cannot be read."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1225
+#: builtins.c:1215
msgid ""
"Suspend shell execution.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1241
+# test
+#: builtins.c:1231
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
" -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n"
" -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n"
" -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n"
-" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last "
-"read.\n"
+" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read.\n"
" \n"
" FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n"
" modification date).\n"
" STRING1 != STRING2\n"
" True if the strings are not equal.\n"
" STRING1 < STRING2\n"
-" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 "
-"lexicographically.\n"
+" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
" STRING1 > STRING2\n"
" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
" \n"
" false or an invalid argument is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1321
+# [
+#: builtins.c:1311
msgid ""
"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
" \n"
msgstr ""
"Wertet einen bedingen Ausdruck aus.\n"
" \n"
-" Dieses Kommando entspricht dem \"test\" Kommando, aber das letzte "
-"Argument muss ein `]' sein."
+" Dieses Kommando entspricht dem »test« Kommando. Jedoch muss das\n"
+" letzte Argument ein »]« sein, welches die öffnende Klammer »[«\n"
+" schließt."
-#: builtins.c:1330
+# times
+#: builtins.c:1320
msgid ""
"Display process times.\n"
" \n"
-" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of "
-"its\n"
+" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its\n"
" child processes.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Always succeeds."
msgstr ""
+"Zeigt den Zeitverbrauch an.\n"
+" \n"
+" Gibt den kumulierte Nutzer- und Sysemzeitverbrauch der Shell und\n"
+" aller von ihr gestarteten Prozesse aus.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rückgabewert:\n"
+" Immer 0."
-#: builtins.c:1342
+#: builtins.c:1332
msgid ""
"Trap signals and other events.\n"
" \n"
-" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives "
-"signals\n"
+" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals\n"
" or other conditions.\n"
" \n"
" ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n"
" value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n"
" shell and by the commands it invokes.\n"
" \n"
-" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. "
-"If\n"
-" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. "
-"If\n"
-" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or "
-"a\n"
-" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A "
-"SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
-" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause "
-"the\n"
+" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a\n"
+" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the\n"
" shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.\n"
" \n"
-" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands "
-"associated\n"
+" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated\n"
" with each signal.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n"
" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
" \n"
-" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal "
-"number.\n"
+" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.\n"
" Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n"
" signal may be sent to the shell with \"kill -signal $$\".\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is "
-"given."
+" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1378
+#: builtins.c:1368
msgid ""
"Display information about command type.\n"
" \n"
" NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not "
-"found."
+" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1409
+#: builtins.c:1399
msgid ""
"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
" \n"
-" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and "
-"processes\n"
+" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes\n"
" it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" -u\tthe maximum number of user processes\n"
" -v\tthe size of virtual memory\n"
" -x\tthe maximum number of file locks\n"
-" -T the maximum number of threads\n"
-" \n"
-" Not all options are available on all platforms.\n"
" \n"
" If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the\n"
" special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1457
+#: builtins.c:1444
msgid ""
"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1477
+#: builtins.c:1464
msgid ""
"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
-" Waits for each process identified by an ID, which may be a process ID or "
-"a\n"
+" Waits for the process identified by ID, which may be a process ID or a\n"
" job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n"
" given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n"
-" status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all "
-"processes\n"
-" in that job's pipeline.\n"
+" status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes\n"
+" in the job's pipeline.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns the status of the last ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid\n"
-" option is given."
+" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is\n"
+" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1495
+#: builtins.c:1482
msgid ""
"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
" \n"
" and the return code is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option "
-"is\n"
+" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is\n"
" given."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1510
+#: builtins.c:1497
msgid ""
"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1524
+#: builtins.c:1511
msgid ""
"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1542
+#: builtins.c:1529
msgid ""
"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1563
+#: builtins.c:1550
msgid ""
"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
" \n"
" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1580
+#: builtins.c:1567
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1592
+#: builtins.c:1579
msgid ""
"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
" \n"
-" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then "
-"the\n"
-" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list "
-"is\n"
+" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is\n"
" executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n"
-" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. "
-"Otherwise,\n"
-" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of "
-"the\n"
-" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or "
-"zero\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,\n"
+" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the\n"
+" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero\n"
" if no condition tested true.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1609
+#: builtins.c:1596
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1621
+#: builtins.c:1608
msgid ""
"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1633
+#: builtins.c:1620
msgid ""
"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1647
+#: builtins.c:1634
msgid ""
"Define shell function.\n"
" \n"
" Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n"
-" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is "
-"invoked,\n"
+" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,\n"
" the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n"
" name is in $FUNCNAME.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1661
+#: builtins.c:1648
msgid ""
"Group commands as a unit.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the last command executed."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1673
+#: builtins.c:1660
msgid ""
"Resume job in foreground.\n"
" \n"
" Returns the status of the resumed job."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1688
+#: builtins.c:1675
msgid ""
"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
" \n"
" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1700
+#: builtins.c:1687
msgid ""
"Execute conditional command.\n"
" \n"
-" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the "
-"conditional\n"
-" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries "
-"used\n"
-" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following "
-"operators:\n"
+" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional\n"
+" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used\n"
+" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:\n"
" \n"
" ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n"
" ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n"
" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1726
+# variable_help
+#: builtins.c:1713
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
" \n"
" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n"
" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
msgstr ""
+" BASH_VERSION\tVersionsnummer der Bash.\n"
+" CDPATH\tEine durch Doppelpunkt getrennte Liste von\n"
+" Verzeichnissen, die\t\tdurchsucht werden, wenn das Argument\n"
+" von `cd' nicht im\t\taktuellen Verzeichnis gefunden wird.\n"
+" HISTFILE\tDatei, die den Kommandozeilenspeicher enthält.\n"
+" HISTFILESIZE\tMaximale Zeilenanzahl, die diese Datei\n"
+" enthalten darf.\n"
+" HISTSIZE\tMaximale Anzahl von Zeilen, auf die der\n"
+" Historymechanismus\t\tder Shell zurückgreifen kann.\n"
+" HOME\tHeimatverzeichnis des aktuellen Benutzers.\n"
+" HOSTTYPE\tCPU-Typ des Rechners, auf dem die Bash gegenwärtig\n"
+" läuft.\n"
+" IGNOREEOF\tLegt die Reaktion der Shell auf ein EOF-Zeichen fest.\n"
+" Wenn die Variable eine ganze Zahl enthält, wird diese Anzahl\n"
+" EOF Zeichen (Ctrl-D) abgewartet, bis die Shell verlassen wird.\n"
+" Der Vorgabewert ist 10. Ist IGNOREEOF nicht gesetzt,\n"
+" signalisiert EOF das Ende der Eingabe.\n"
+" MAILCHECK\tZeitintervall [s], in dem nach angekommener Post\n"
+" gesucht wird.\n"
+" MAILPATH\tEine durch Doppelpunkt getrennte Liste von Dateien,\n"
+" die nach\t\tneu angekommener Post durchsucht werden.\n"
+" OSTYPE\tBetriebssystemversion, auf der die Bash gegenwärtig\n"
+" läuft.\n"
+" PATH\tDurch Doppelpunkt getrennte Liste von Verzeichnissen,\n"
+" die nach Kommandos durchsucht werden.\n"
+" PROMPT_COMMAND\tKommando, das vor der Anzeige einer primären\n"
+" Eingabeaufforderung (PS1) ausgeführt wird.\n"
+" PS1\tZeichenkette, die die primäre Eingabeaufforderung enthält.\n"
+" PS2\tZeichenkette, die die sekundäre Eingabeaufforderung enthält.\n"
+" TERM\tName des aktuellen Terminaltyps.\n"
+" auto_resume\tEin Wert ungleich Null bewirkt, daß ein einzelnes\n"
+" Kommando auf einer Zeile zunächst in der Liste\n"
+" gegenwärtig gestoppter Jobs\tgesucht und dieser in den\n"
+" Vordergrund geholt wird. `exact' bewirkt, daß das\n"
+" Kommando genau dem Kommando in der Liste der gestoppten\n"
+" Jobs entsprechen muß. Wenn die Variable den Wert\n"
+" `substring' enthält, muß das Kommando einem Substring\n"
+" der Jobbezeichnung entsprechen. Bei einem anderen Wert müssen\n"
+" die ersten Zeichen übereinstimmen.\n"
+" command_oriented_history\tMehrzeilige Kommandos werden im\n"
+" Kommandozeilenspeicher in einer\tZeile abgelegt, wenn die\n"
+" Variable ungleich Null gesetzt ist.\n"
+" histchars Zeichen, die die Befehlswiederholung und die\n"
+" Schnellersetzung steuern. An erster Stelle steht das\n"
+" Befehlswiederholungszeichen (normalerweise `!'); an zweiter das\n"
+" `Schnell-Ersetzen-Zeichen' (normalerweise `^'). Das dritte Zeichen\n"
+" ist das\t`Kommentarzeichen' (normalerweise `#').\n"
+" HISTCONTROL Gesetzt auf `ignorespace' werden keine mit einem\n"
+" \tLeerzeichen oder Tabulator beginnenden Zeilen im\n"
+" \tKommandospeicher abgelegt. Der Wert `ignoredups' verhindert\n"
+" \tdas Speichern aufeinanderfolgender identischer\n"
+" \tZeilen. `ignoreboth' kombiniert beide Einstellungen. Wenn die\n"
+" \tVariable nicht oder auf einen anderen Wert gesetzt ist, werden\n"
+" \talle eingegebenen Zeilen im Kommandospeicher abgelegt."
-#: builtins.c:1783
+# pushd
+#: builtins.c:1770
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add directories to stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
+"Fügt ein Verzeichnis dem Stapel hinzu.\n"
+"\n"
+" Legt ein Verzeichnisnamen auf den Verzeichnisstapel oder rotiert\n"
+" diesen so,daß das Arbeitsverzeichnis auf der Spitze des Stapels\n"
+" liegt. OhneArgumente werden die obersten zwei Verzeichnisse auf\n"
+" dem Stapel vertauscht.\n"
+"\n"
+" Optionen:\n"
+" -n\tunterdrückt das Wechseln in das Verzeichnis beim Hinzufügen\n"
+" zum Stapel, so daß nur der Stapel verändert wird.\n"
+"\n"
+" Argumente:\n"
+" +N\tRotiert den Stapel so, daß das N'te Verzeichnis\n"
+" (angezeigt von `dirs',gezählt von links) sich an der Spitze des\n"
+" Stapels befindet.\n"
+"\n"
+" -N\tRotiert den Stapel so, daß das N'te Verzeichnis (angezeigt von\n"
+" -`dirs',gezählt von rechts) sich an der Spitze des Stapels\n"
+" -befindet.\n"
+" \n"
+"\n"
+" DIR\tLegt DIR auf die Spitze des Verzeichnisstapels und wechselt dorthin.\n"
+"\n"
+" Der Verzeichnisstapel kann mit dem Kommando `dirs' angezeigt werden."
-#: builtins.c:1817
+# popd
+#: builtins.c:1804
msgid ""
"Remove directories from stack.\n"
" \n"
" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
" change fails."
msgstr ""
+"Entfernt Einträge vom Verzeichnisstapel.\n"
+"\n"
+" Entfernt Einträge vom Verzeichnisstapel. Ohne Argumente wird die\n"
+" Spitze des Stapels entfernt und in das Verzeichnis gewechselt, das\n"
+" dann an der Spitze steht.\n"
+"\n"
+" Optionen:\n"
+" -n\tEntfernt nur den Verzeichniseintrag und wechselt nicht\n"
+" \tdas Verzeichnis.\n"
+" \n"
+" Argumente:\n"
+" +N\tEntfernt den N-ten Eintrag von links, gezählt von \t\n"
+" Null, aus der von »dirs« anzeigten Liste. Beispielsweise\n"
+" entfernen »popd +0« den ersten und »popd +1« den zweiten\n"
+" Verzeichniseintrag.\n"
+"\n"
+" -N\tEntfernt den N-ten Eintrag von rechts, gezählt von Null,\n"
+" \taus der von »dirs« angeigten Liste. Beispielsweise entfernen\n"
+" »popd -0« den letzten und »popd -1« den vorletzten\n"
+" Verzeichniseintrag.\n"
+"\n"
+" Mit »dirs« kann der Verzeichnisstapel angezeigt werden.\n"
+"\n"
+" Rückgabewert:\n"
+" Gibt 0 zurück, außer wenn ein ungültiges Argument angegeben\n"
+" wurde oder der Verzeichniswechsel nicht erfolgreich war."
# dirs
-#: builtins.c:1847
+#: builtins.c:1834
msgid ""
"Display directory stack.\n"
" \n"
" \twith its position in the stack\n"
" \n"
" Arguments:\n"
-" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
" \n"
-" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown "
-"by\n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1876
+#: builtins.c:1863
msgid ""
"Set and unset shell options.\n"
" \n"
" Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option\n"
-" arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not "
-"each\n"
+" arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each\n"
" is set.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1897
+#: builtins.c:1884
msgid ""
"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
" \n"
" -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n"
" \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n"
" \n"
-" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: "
-"plain\n"
-" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character "
-"escape\n"
+" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain\n"
+" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape\n"
" sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n"
-" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next "
-"successive\n"
+" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive\n"
" argument.\n"
" \n"
-" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf"
-"(1),\n"
-" printf interprets:\n"
+" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1)\n"
+" and printf(3), printf interprets:\n"
" \n"
" %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n"
" %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n"
-" %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a "
-"format\n"
+" %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a format\n"
" string for strftime(3)\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or "
-"assignment\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment\n"
" error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1926
+#: builtins.c:1913
msgid ""
"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
" \n"
-" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no "
-"options\n"
-" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way "
-"that\n"
+" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options\n"
+" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that\n"
" allows them to be reused as input.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1954
+#: builtins.c:1941
msgid ""
"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
" \n"
" Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n"
-" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches "
-"against\n"
+" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against\n"
" WORD are generated.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1969
+#: builtins.c:1956
msgid ""
"Modify or display completion options.\n"
" \n"
-" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are "
-"supplied,\n"
-" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, "
-"print\n"
-" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion "
-"specification.\n"
+" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,\n"
+" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print\n"
+" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
" \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n"
" have a completion specification defined."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:1999
+#: builtins.c:1986
msgid ""
"Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n"
" \n"
-" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable "
-"ARRAY, or\n"
-" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable "
-"MAPFILE\n"
+" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or\n"
+" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE\n"
" is the default ARRAY.\n"
" \n"
" Options:\n"
-" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are "
-"copied.\n"
-" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default "
-"index is 0.\n"
+" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied.\n"
+" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0.\n"
" -s count \tDiscard the first COUNT lines read.\n"
" -t\t\tRemove a trailing newline from each line read.\n"
-" -u fd\t\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard "
-"input.\n"
+" -u fd\t\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input.\n"
" -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read.\n"
-" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to "
-"CALLBACK.\n"
+" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to CALLBACK.\n"
" \n"
" Arguments:\n"
" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
" element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element\n"
" as additional arguments.\n"
" \n"
-" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY "
-"before\n"
+" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before\n"
" assigning to it.\n"
" \n"
" Exit Status:\n"
-" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly "
-"or\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n"
" not an indexed array."
msgstr ""
-#: builtins.c:2033
+#: builtins.c:2020
msgid ""
"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
" \n"
#~ msgstr "xrealloc: Kann nicht %lu Bytes reservieren."
#~ msgid "xrealloc: %s:%d: cannot reallocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "xrealloc: %s:%d: Kann nicht %lu Bytes reservieren (%lu bytes reserviert)."
+#~ msgstr "xrealloc: %s:%d: Kann nicht %lu Bytes reservieren (%lu bytes reserviert)."
#~ msgid "Missing `}'"
#~ msgstr "Fehlende `}'."
#~ msgstr "mkbuiltins: Virtueller Speicher erschöpft!\n"
#~ msgid "read [-r] [-p prompt] [-a array] [-e] [name ...]"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "read [-r] [-p Eingabeaufforderung] [-a Feldvariable] [-e] [Name ...]"
+#~ msgstr "read [-r] [-p Eingabeaufforderung] [-a Feldvariable] [-e] [Name ...]"
#~ msgid "%[DIGITS | WORD] [&]"
#~ msgstr "%[Ziffern | Wort] [&]"
#~ msgstr "Synonyme in der Form NAME=WERT auf die Standardausgabe aus."
#~ msgid "Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Sonst wird ein Synonym für jeden NAMEN definiert, dessen WERT angegeben "
-#~ "wird."
+#~ msgstr "Sonst wird ein Synonym für jeden NAMEN definiert, dessen WERT angegeben wird."
#~ msgid "A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Ein Leerzeichen nach WERT bewirkt, daß das nächste WORT auf ein Synonym"
+#~ msgstr "Ein Leerzeichen nach WERT bewirkt, daß das nächste WORT auf ein Synonym"
#~ msgid "alias substitution when the alias is expanded. Alias returns"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "untersucht wird wenn SYNONYM ausgewertet wird. `Alias' gibt wahr zurück,"
+#~ msgstr "untersucht wird wenn SYNONYM ausgewertet wird. `Alias' gibt wahr zurück,"
#~ msgid "true unless a NAME is given for which no alias has been defined."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "außer wenn ein NAME angegeben wurde, für den kein SYNONYM vorhanden ist."
+#~ msgstr "außer wenn ein NAME angegeben wurde, für den kein SYNONYM vorhanden ist."
# unalias
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Remove NAMEs from the list of defined aliases. If the -a option is given,"
+#~ msgid "Remove NAMEs from the list of defined aliases. If the -a option is given,"
#~ msgstr "Entfernt NAMEn aus der Liste der Synonyme. Wenn die Option -a"
#~ msgid "then remove all alias definitions."
# readline
#~ msgid "Bind a key sequence to a Readline function, or to a macro. The"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Verbindet eine Tastenfolge mit einer Readline-Funktion oder einem Makro. "
-#~ "Die"
+#~ msgstr "Verbindet eine Tastenfolge mit einer Readline-Funktion oder einem Makro. Die"
#~ msgid "syntax is equivalent to that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Syntax entspricht der der Datei `~/.inputrc', sie muß jedoch als Argument"
+#~ msgstr "Syntax entspricht der der Datei `~/.inputrc', sie muß jedoch als Argument"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "passed as a single argument: bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'."
+#~ msgid "passed as a single argument: bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'."
#~ msgstr "angegeben werden. Z.B.: bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'."
#~ msgid "Arguments we accept:"
#~ msgstr "Gültige Argumente:"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -m keymap Use `keymap' as the keymap for the duration of this"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -m Tastaturtabelle wählt die Tastaturtabelle für die Dauer dieses "
-#~ "Kommandos."
+#~ msgid " -m keymap Use `keymap' as the keymap for the duration of this"
+#~ msgstr " -m Tastaturtabelle wählt die Tastaturtabelle für die Dauer dieses Kommandos."
#~ msgid " command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " Mögliche Namen für Tastaturtabellen sind: emacs"
+#~ msgstr " Mögliche Namen für Tastaturtabellen sind: emacs"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,"
+#~ msgid " emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,"
+#~ msgstr " emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,"
#~ msgid " vi-command, and vi-insert."
#~ msgstr " vi-command, und vi-insert."
#~ msgstr " -l Listet die Namen der Funktionen."
#~ msgid " -P List function names and bindings."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -P Listet die Namen der Funktion und deren "
-#~ "Tastenzuordnung."
+#~ msgstr " -P Listet die Namen der Funktion und deren Tastenzuordnung."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -p Listet die Funktionsnamen und deren Tastenzuordnung "
-#~ "so,"
+#~ msgid " -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be"
+#~ msgstr " -p Listet die Funktionsnamen und deren Tastenzuordnung so,"
#~ msgid " reused as input."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " daß sie als Eingabe wiederverwendet werden können."
+#~ msgstr " daß sie als Eingabe wiederverwendet werden können."
#~ msgid " -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ."
#~ msgstr " -r Tastenfolge Entfernt die Zuordnung für Tastenfolge."
#~ msgid " -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME."
#~ msgstr " -f Dateiname Liest die Tastenzuordnungen von Dateiname."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -q Funktionsname Gibt die Tastenzuordnung für den Funktionsnamen aus."
+#~ msgid " -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function."
+#~ msgstr " -q Funktionsname Gibt die Tastenzuordnung für den Funktionsnamen aus."
#~ msgid " -V List variable names and values"
#~ msgstr " -V Gibt Variablennamen und deren Werte aus."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -v List variable names and values in a form that can"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -v Gibt Variablennamen und deren Werte in einer Form "
-#~ "aus,"
+#~ msgid " -v List variable names and values in a form that can"
+#~ msgstr " -v Gibt Variablennamen und deren Werte in einer Form aus,"
#~ msgid " be reused as input."
#~ msgstr " die als Eingabe wiederverwendet werden kann."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-#~ "values"
+#~ msgid " -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values"
#~ msgstr " -S Gibt Tastenfolgen aus, die Makros aufrufen."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their "
-#~ "values in"
+#~ msgid " -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values in"
#~ msgstr " -s Gibt Tastenfolgen aus, die Makros aufrufen."
#~ msgid " a form that can be reused as input."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " Die Ausgabe kann als Eingabe wiederverwendet werden."
+#~ msgstr " Die Ausgabe kann als Eingabe wiederverwendet werden."
# break
#~ msgid "Exit from within a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Bricht eine for, while oder until Schleife ab. Wenn N angegeben ist, dann"
+#~ msgstr "Bricht eine for, while oder until Schleife ab. Wenn N angegeben ist, dann"
#~ msgid "break N levels."
#~ msgstr "werden N Schleifenebenen verlassen."
# continue
#~ msgid "Resume the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Springt zur nächsten Iteration der for, while oder until Schleife. Wenn N"
+#~ msgstr "Springt zur nächsten Iteration der for, while oder until Schleife. Wenn N"
#~ msgid "If N is specified, resume at the N-th enclosing loop."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angegeben ist, wird mit der N-ten übergeordneten Schleife fortgefahren."
+#~ msgstr "angegeben ist, wird mit der N-ten übergeordneten Schleife fortgefahren."
# builtin
#~ msgid "Run a shell builtin. This is useful when you wish to rename a"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Führt eine Shellfunktion aus. Das ist nützlich, wenn eine Shellfunktion"
+#~ msgstr "Führt eine Shellfunktion aus. Das ist nützlich, wenn eine Shellfunktion"
#~ msgid "shell builtin to be a function, but need the functionality of the"
#~ msgstr "umbenannt wurde, aber das ursprüngliche Verhalten benötigt wird."
# cd
#~ msgid "Change the current directory to DIR. The variable $HOME is the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Setzt das Arbeitsverzeichnis auf Verz. Wenn Verz. nicht angegeben ist, "
-#~ "dann"
+#~ msgstr "Setzt das Arbeitsverzeichnis auf Verz. Wenn Verz. nicht angegeben ist, dann"
#~ msgid "default DIR. The variable $CDPATH defines the search path for"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "wird in das $HOME-Verzeichnis gewechselt. In der Variable $CDPATH kann "
-#~ "eine"
+#~ msgstr "wird in das $HOME-Verzeichnis gewechselt. In der Variable $CDPATH kann eine"
#~ msgid "the directory containing DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "durch Doppelpunkt (:) getrennte Liste angegeben werden, in denen Verz. "
-#~ "gesucht"
+#~ msgstr "durch Doppelpunkt (:) getrennte Liste angegeben werden, in denen Verz. gesucht"
#~ msgid "are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name is the same as"
#~ msgstr "wird. Beginnt Verz. mit einem `/', wird $CDPATH nicht benutzt."
#~ msgid "the current directory, i.e. `.'. If DIR begins with a slash (/),"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn das Verzeichnis nicht gefunden wird und die Shelloption `cdable_vars'"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn das Verzeichnis nicht gefunden wird und die Shelloption `cdable_vars'"
#~ msgid "then $CDPATH is not used. If the directory is not found, and the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gesetzt ist, dann wird Verz. als ein Variablenname interpretiert. Ergibt"
+#~ msgstr "gesetzt ist, dann wird Verz. als ein Variablenname interpretiert. Ergibt"
#~ msgid "shell option `cdable_vars' is set, then try the word as a variable"
#~ msgstr "dies einen Wert für die Variable, dann wird das aktuelle"
#~ msgid "name. If that variable has a value, then cd to the value of that"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Verzeichnis auf diesen Wert gesetzt. Option -P veranlaßt cd symbolische"
+#~ msgstr "Verzeichnis auf diesen Wert gesetzt. Option -P veranlaßt cd symbolische"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "variable. The -P option says to use the physical directory structure"
+#~ msgid "variable. The -P option says to use the physical directory structure"
#~ msgstr "Verweise zu ignorieren; -L erzwingt das Benutzen symbolischer"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "instead of following symbolic links; the -L option forces symbolic links"
+#~ msgid "instead of following symbolic links; the -L option forces symbolic links"
#~ msgstr "Verweise."
#~ msgid "to be followed."
# pwd
#~ msgid "Print the current working directory. With the -P option, pwd prints"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gibt das Arbeitsverzeichnis aus. Die Angabe von -P ignoriert symbolische"
+#~ msgstr "Gibt das Arbeitsverzeichnis aus. Die Angabe von -P ignoriert symbolische"
#~ msgid "the physical directory, without any symbolic links; the -L option"
#~ msgstr "Verweise. Mit -L wird das Verwenden von symbolischen Verweisen"
#~ msgstr "erzwungen."
# command
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Runs COMMAND with ARGS ignoring shell functions. If you have a shell"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Führt das Kommando mit den Argumenten aus, ohne die Shellfunktionen zu"
+#~ msgid "Runs COMMAND with ARGS ignoring shell functions. If you have a shell"
+#~ msgstr "Führt das Kommando mit den Argumenten aus, ohne die Shellfunktionen zu"
#~ msgid "function called `ls', and you wish to call the command `ls', you can"
#~ msgstr "berücksichtigen. Wenn eine Shellfunktion `ls' definiert ist, führt"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "say \"command ls\". If the -p option is given, a default value is used"
+#~ msgid "say \"command ls\". If the -p option is given, a default value is used"
#~ msgstr "\"command ls\" das Kommando `ls' aus. Mit der Option -p wird ein"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If"
+#~ msgid "for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities. If"
#~ msgstr "Standardwert für PATH verwendet. -v gibt eine kurze Beschreibung"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "the -V or -v option is given, a string is printed describing COMMAND."
+#~ msgid "the -V or -v option is given, a string is printed describing COMMAND."
#~ msgstr "des Kommandos aus; -V eine ausführliche."
#~ msgid "The -V option produces a more verbose description."
# declare
#~ msgid "Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no NAMEs are"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Deklariert Variablen oder weist ihnen Werte zu. Wenn kein Name angegeben"
+#~ msgstr "Deklariert Variablen oder weist ihnen Werte zu. Wenn kein Name angegeben"
#~ msgid "given, then display the values of variables instead. The -p option"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ist, dann wird der Wert der Variablen ausgegeben. Option -p gibt die"
+#~ msgstr "ist, dann wird der Wert der Variablen ausgegeben. Option -p gibt die"
#~ msgid "will display the attributes and values of each NAME."
#~ msgstr "Merkmale und Werte der Namen aus."
#~ msgstr " -i\tSetzt den Typ von Name auf Ganzzahl."
#~ msgid "Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn der Variablen ein Wert zugewiesen wird (siehe `let'), findet eine"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn der Variablen ein Wert zugewiesen wird (siehe `let'), findet eine"
#~ msgid "`let') done when the variable is assigned to."
#~ msgstr "arithmetische Auswertung statt."
#~ msgid "When displaying values of variables, -f displays a function's name"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn Variablenwerte angezeigt werden, gibt die Option -f Funktionsnamen"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn Variablenwerte angezeigt werden, gibt die Option -f Funktionsnamen"
#~ msgid "and definition. The -F option restricts the display to function"
#~ msgstr "und -definitionen aus. Die Option -F beschränkt die Ausgabe auf"
#~ msgid "name only."
#~ msgstr "Funktionsnamen."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute instead. When"
+#~ msgid "Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute instead. When"
#~ msgstr "`+' statt `-' schaltet das angegebene Merkmal ab. `declare'"
#~ msgid "used in a function, makes NAMEs local, as with the `local' command."
# local
#~ msgid "Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. LOCAL"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Erzeugt eine lokale Variable Name und weist ihr Wert zu. Die Anweisung "
-#~ "kann"
+#~ msgstr "Erzeugt eine lokale Variable Name und weist ihr Wert zu. Die Anweisung kann"
#~ msgid "have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children."
#~ msgstr "nur innerhalb dieser Funktion und allen Unterfunktionen zugänglich."
# echo
#~ msgid "Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gibt die Argumente aus. Wenn -n angegeben ist, wird kein Zeilenumbruch"
+#~ msgstr "Gibt die Argumente aus. Wenn -n angegeben ist, wird kein Zeilenumbruch"
#~ msgid "suppressed. If the -e option is given, interpretation of the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angefügt. Die Option -e interpretiert folgende Sonderzeichen zur "
-#~ "Formatierung"
+#~ msgstr "angefügt. Die Option -e interpretiert folgende Sonderzeichen zur Formatierung"
#~ msgid "following backslash-escaped characters is turned on:"
#~ msgstr "der Ausgabe:"
#~ msgid "\t\\num\tthe character whose ASCII code is NUM (octal)."
#~ msgstr "\t\\num\tDas Zeichen mit dem (oktalen) ASCII-Code num."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "You can explicitly turn off the interpretation of the above characters"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die Option -E schaltet die Auswertung der oben angegebenen Sonderzeichen"
+#~ msgid "You can explicitly turn off the interpretation of the above characters"
+#~ msgstr "Die Option -E schaltet die Auswertung der oben angegebenen Sonderzeichen"
#~ msgid "with the -E option."
#~ msgstr "ab."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gibt ARGUMENTE aus. Die Option -n verhindert den abschließenden "
-#~ "Zeilenumbruch."
+#~ msgid "Output the ARGs. If -n is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed."
+#~ msgstr "Gibt ARGUMENTE aus. Die Option -n verhindert den abschließenden Zeilenumbruch."
# enable
#~ msgid "Enable and disable builtin shell commands. This allows"
#~ msgstr "Um z.B. die externe Funktion `test' zu verwenden,"
#~ msgid "path instead of the shell builtin version, type `enable -n test'."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "muß `enable -n test' eingegeben werden. Auf Systemen, die Bibiliotheken"
+#~ msgstr "muß `enable -n test' eingegeben werden. Auf Systemen, die Bibiliotheken"
#~ msgid "On systems supporting dynamic loading, the -f option may be used"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "dynamisch nachladen können, kann die Option -f genutzt werden, um neue"
+#~ msgstr "dynamisch nachladen können, kann die Option -f genutzt werden, um neue"
#~ msgid "to load new builtins from the shared object FILENAME. The -d"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Shellfunktionen aus der dynamischen Bibiliothek Dateiname zu laden. -d"
+#~ msgstr "Shellfunktionen aus der dynamischen Bibiliothek Dateiname zu laden. -d"
#~ msgid "option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -f. If no"
#~ msgstr "entlädt dynamisch geladene Shellfunktionen wieder. Wenn"
#~ msgstr "Shellfunktionen ausgegeben. -a gibt eine Liste der Shellfunktionen"
#~ msgid "with an indication of whether or not it is enabled. The -s option"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "aus, in der ein- und ausgeschaltete Funktionen gekennzeichnet sind; -s"
+#~ msgstr "aus, in der ein- und ausgeschaltete Funktionen gekennzeichnet sind; -s"
#~ msgid "restricts the output to the Posix.2 `special' builtins. The -n"
#~ msgstr "beschränkt die Ausgabe auf Posix.2-Shellfunktionen. -n"
#~ msgstr "zeigt eine Liste aller abgeschalteter Funktionen an."
# eval
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Read ARGs as input to the shell and execute the resulting command(s)."
+#~ msgid "Read ARGs as input to the shell and execute the resulting command(s)."
#~ msgstr "Verbindet die Argumente zu einer Kommandozeile und führt sie aus."
# getopts
#~ msgstr "Shellprozeduren benutzen getopts, um die Kommandozeole auszuwerten."
#~ msgid "OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Optstring enthält die zu erkennenden Buchstaben. Folgt einem Buchstaben "
-#~ "ein"
+#~ msgstr "Optstring enthält die zu erkennenden Buchstaben. Folgt einem Buchstaben ein"
#~ msgid "is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,"
#~ msgstr "Doppelpunkt, dann erwartet die Funktion ein Argument, das durch ein"
#~ msgstr "Leerzeichen vom Optionszeichen getrennt ist."
#~ msgid "Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Bei jedem Aufruf weist getopt die nächste Option der Shell-Variablen "
-#~ "$name zu,"
+#~ msgstr "Bei jedem Aufruf weist getopt die nächste Option der Shell-Variablen $name zu,"
#~ msgid "shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and"
#~ msgstr "erzeugt sie gegebenenfalls und setzt den Zeiger in der"
#~ msgstr "Shellvariablen OPTARG zurückgegeben."
#~ msgid "getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten der Fehlerbehandlung. Wenn das erste Zeichen "
-#~ "von"
+#~ msgstr "Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten der Fehlerbehandlung. Wenn das erste Zeichen von"
#~ msgid "of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "OPTSTRING ein Doppelpunkt ist, wird keine Fehlermeldung angezeigt "
-#~ "(\"stille"
+#~ msgstr "OPTSTRING ein Doppelpunkt ist, wird keine Fehlermeldung angezeigt (\"stille"
#~ msgid "this mode, no error messages are printed. If an illegal option is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Fehlermeldung\") Wenn ein ungültiges Optionszeichen erkannt wird, dann "
-#~ "wird"
+#~ msgstr "Fehlermeldung\") Wenn ein ungültiges Optionszeichen erkannt wird, dann wird"
#~ msgid "seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "es der Shellvariablen OPTARG zugewiesen. Wenn ein Argument fehlt, dann"
+#~ msgstr "es der Shellvariablen OPTARG zugewiesen. Wenn ein Argument fehlt, dann"
#~ msgid "required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and"
#~ msgstr "wird der Shellvariablen NAME ein ':' zugewiesen und an OPTARG das "
#~ msgid "sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Optionszeichen übergeben. Wenn getopt sich nicht im \"stillen\" Modus"
+#~ msgstr "Optionszeichen übergeben. Wenn getopt sich nicht im \"stillen\" Modus"
#~ msgid "silent mode, and an illegal option is seen, getopts places '?' into"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "befindet und ein ungültiges Optionszeichen erkannt wird, weist getopt der"
+#~ msgstr "befindet und ein ungültiges Optionszeichen erkannt wird, weist getopt der"
#~ msgid "NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required option is not found, a '?'"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Variable Name '?' zu und löscht OPTARG. Wenn eine erforderliche Option "
-#~ "nicht"
+#~ msgstr "Variable Name '?' zu und löscht OPTARG. Wenn eine erforderliche Option nicht"
#~ msgid "is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gefunden wurde, wird `?` an NAME zugewiesen, OPTARG gelöscht und eine "
-#~ "Fehler-"
+#~ msgstr "gefunden wurde, wird `?` an NAME zugewiesen, OPTARG gelöscht und eine Fehler-"
#~ msgid "printed."
#~ msgstr "meldung ausgegeben."
#~ msgid "If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn die Shellvariable OPTERR den Wert 0 besitzt, unterdrückt getopts die "
-#~ "Aus-"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn die Shellvariable OPTERR den Wert 0 besitzt, unterdrückt getopts die Aus-"
#~ msgid "printing of error messages, even if the first character of"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gabe von Fehlermeldungen, auch dann, wenn das erste Zeichen von OPTSTRING "
-#~ "kein"
+#~ msgstr "gabe von Fehlermeldungen, auch dann, wenn das erste Zeichen von OPTSTRING kein"
#~ msgid "OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default."
#~ msgstr "Doppelpunkt ist. OPTERR hat standardmäßig den Wert 1."
#~ msgid "Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Getopts wertet normalerweise die übergebenen Parameter $0 - $9 aus, aber "
-#~ "wenn"
+#~ msgstr "Getopts wertet normalerweise die übergebenen Parameter $0 - $9 aus, aber wenn"
#~ msgid "more arguments are given, they are parsed instead."
#~ msgstr "mehr Argumente angegeben sind, werden diese auch ausgewertet."
#~ msgstr "Fürt Datei aus und ersetzt die Shell durch das angegebene Programm."
#~ msgid "If FILE is not specified, the redirections take effect in this"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn kein Kommando angegeben ist, werden die Ein-/Ausgabeumleitungen auf "
-#~ "die"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn kein Kommando angegeben ist, werden die Ein-/Ausgabeumleitungen auf die"
#~ msgid "shell. If the first argument is `-l', then place a dash in the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "aufrufende Shell angewendet. Wenn das erste Argument -l ist, dann wird "
-#~ "dieses"
+#~ msgstr "aufrufende Shell angewendet. Wenn das erste Argument -l ist, dann wird dieses"
#~ msgid "zeroth arg passed to FILE, as login does. If the `-c' option"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "als nulltes Argument an die Datei übergeben (wie login). Mit der -c "
-#~ "Option"
+#~ msgstr "als nulltes Argument an die Datei übergeben (wie login). Mit der -c Option"
#~ msgid "is supplied, FILE is executed with a null environment. The `-a'"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "wird die Datei ohne gesetzte Umgebungsvariablen ausgeführt. Die -a Option"
+#~ msgstr "wird die Datei ohne gesetzte Umgebungsvariablen ausgeführt. Die -a Option"
#~ msgid "option means to make set argv[0] of the executed process to NAME."
#~ msgstr "setzt argv[0] des ausgeführten Prozeßes auf Name."
#~ msgid "If the file cannot be executed and the shell is not interactive,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn die Datei nicht ausgeführt werden kann und die Shell nicht "
-#~ "interaktiv ist,"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn die Datei nicht ausgeführt werden kann und die Shell nicht interaktiv ist,"
#~ msgid "then the shell exits, unless the variable \"no_exit_on_failed_exec\""
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "dann wird sie verlassen, außer die Variable \"no_exit_on_failed_exec\" ist"
+#~ msgstr "dann wird sie verlassen, außer die Variable \"no_exit_on_failed_exec\" ist"
#~ msgid "is set."
#~ msgstr "gesetzt."
#~ msgstr "der Rückkehrstatus des zuletzt ausgeführten Kommandos verwendet."
# fc
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Anfang und Ende bezeichnen einen Bereich oder, wenn Anfang eine "
-#~ "Zeichenkette"
+#~ msgid "FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a"
+#~ msgstr "Anfang und Ende bezeichnen einen Bereich oder, wenn Anfang eine Zeichenkette"
#~ msgid "string, which means the most recent command beginning with that"
#~ msgstr "ist, das letzte Kommando welches mit dieser Zeichkette beginnt."
#~ msgid "string."
#~ msgstr " "
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -e ENAME selects which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -e Editor ist der aufzurufende Texteditor. Standardmäßig wird FCEDIT, "
-#~ "dann"
+#~ msgid " -e ENAME selects which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,"
+#~ msgstr " -e Editor ist der aufzurufende Texteditor. Standardmäßig wird FCEDIT, dann"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " then the editor which corresponds to the current readline editing"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " EDITOR, anschließend der dem readline Modus entsprechende Editor"
+#~ msgid " then the editor which corresponds to the current readline editing"
+#~ msgstr " EDITOR, anschließend der dem readline Modus entsprechende Editor"
#~ msgid " mode, then vi."
#~ msgstr " und sonst vi aufgerufen."
#~ msgid " -n means no line numbers listed."
#~ msgstr " -n unterdrückt das Anzeigen von Zeilennummern."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -r means reverse the order of the lines (making it newest listed "
-#~ "first)."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -r dreht die Sortierreihenfolge um (jüngster Eintrag wird zuerst "
-#~ "angezeigt)."
+#~ msgid " -r means reverse the order of the lines (making it newest listed first)."
+#~ msgstr " -r dreht die Sortierreihenfolge um (jüngster Eintrag wird zuerst angezeigt)."
#~ msgid "With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, the command is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Mit `fc -s [Muster=Ersetzung ...] [command]' wird das Kommando wiederholt,"
+#~ msgstr "Mit `fc -s [Muster=Ersetzung ...] [command]' wird das Kommando wiederholt,"
#~ msgid "re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed."
#~ msgstr "nachdem die Substitution Alt=Neu durchgeführt wurde."
#~ msgid "A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Eine nützliche Aliasersetzung kann r='fc -s' sein, mit der z.B. durch `r "
-#~ "cc`"
+#~ msgstr "Eine nützliche Aliasersetzung kann r='fc -s' sein, mit der z.B. durch `r cc`"
#~ msgid "runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "das letzte Kommando welches mit `cc' beginnt aufgerufen wird und die "
-#~ "Eingabe"
+#~ msgstr "das letzte Kommando welches mit `cc' beginnt aufgerufen wird und die Eingabe"
# fg
#~ msgid "Place JOB_SPEC in the foreground, and make it the current job. If"
#~ msgstr "Bringt den mit `^Z' angehaltenen Job in den Vordergrund. Wenn eine"
#~ msgid "JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current job is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Jobbezeichnung angegeben ist, dann wird der zuletzt angehaltene Job im"
+#~ msgstr "Jobbezeichnung angegeben ist, dann wird der zuletzt angehaltene Job im"
#~ msgid "used."
#~ msgstr "Vordergrund gestartet."
# bg
#~ msgid "Place JOB_SPEC in the background, as if it had been started with"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Startet einen mit `^Z' angehaltenen Job im Hintergrund, als ob er mit `&'"
+#~ msgstr "Startet einen mit `^Z' angehaltenen Job im Hintergrund, als ob er mit `&'"
#~ msgid "`&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the current"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gestartet worden wäre. Ist keine Jobbezeichnung angegeben, wird der "
-#~ "zuletzt"
+#~ msgstr "gestartet worden wäre. Ist keine Jobbezeichnung angegeben, wird der zuletzt"
#~ msgid "job is used."
#~ msgstr "angehaltene Job im Hintergrund gestartet."
# hash
#~ msgid "For each NAME, the full pathname of the command is determined and"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Für jeden angegebenen Namen wird der vollständige Pfadname des Kommandos"
+#~ msgstr "Für jeden angegebenen Namen wird der vollständige Pfadname des Kommandos"
#~ msgid "remembered. If the -p option is supplied, PATHNAME is used as the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ermittelt und gemerkt. Wenn die -p Option angegeben wird, dann wird der"
+#~ msgstr "ermittelt und gemerkt. Wenn die -p Option angegeben wird, dann wird der"
#~ msgid "full pathname of NAME, and no path search is performed. The -r"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Pfadname verwendet und keine Suche durchgeführt. Die -r Option löscht die"
+#~ msgstr "Pfadname verwendet und keine Suche durchgeführt. Die -r Option löscht die"
#~ msgid "option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. If no"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gespeicherten Pfade. Wenn keine Option angegeben ist, dann werden alle"
+#~ msgstr "gespeicherten Pfade. Wenn keine Option angegeben ist, dann werden alle"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed."
+#~ msgid "arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed."
#~ msgstr "gespeicherten Kommandos angezeigt."
# help
#~ msgid "Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gibt Hilfetexte für die eingebauten Kommandos aus. Wenn ein Muster "
-#~ "angegeben"
+#~ msgstr "Gibt Hilfetexte für die eingebauten Kommandos aus. Wenn ein Muster angegeben"
#~ msgid "specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ist, dann wird eine detailierte Beschreibung der Kommandos angezeigt, die "
-#~ "dem"
+#~ msgstr "ist, dann wird eine detailierte Beschreibung der Kommandos angezeigt, die dem"
#~ msgid "otherwise a list of the builtins is printed."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Muster entsprechen. Sonst werden die eingebauten Kommandos gelistet."
+#~ msgstr "Muster entsprechen. Sonst werden die eingebauten Kommandos gelistet."
# history
#~ msgid "Display the history list with line numbers. Lines listed with"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Zeigt den Kommandozeilenspeicher mit Zeilennummern an. Mit `*' markierte"
+#~ msgstr "Zeigt den Kommandozeilenspeicher mit Zeilennummern an. Mit `*' markierte"
#~ msgid "with a `*' have been modified. Argument of N says to list only"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Zeilen wurden verändert. Mit einer Zahl als Argument wird nur die "
-#~ "angegebene"
+#~ msgstr "Zeilen wurden verändert. Mit einer Zahl als Argument wird nur die angegebene"
#~ msgid "the last N lines. The -c option causes the history list to be"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Anzahl Zeilen ausgegeben. Mit der `-c' Option kann der "
-#~ "Kommandozeilenspeicher"
+#~ msgstr "Anzahl Zeilen ausgegeben. Mit der `-c' Option kann der Kommandozeilenspeicher"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "cleared by deleting all of the entries. The `-w' option writes out the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gelöscht werden. Ist die `-w' Option angegeben, wird der Kommandozeilen-"
+#~ msgid "cleared by deleting all of the entries. The `-w' option writes out the"
+#~ msgstr "gelöscht werden. Ist die `-w' Option angegeben, wird der Kommandozeilen-"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "current history to the history file; `-r' means to read the file and"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "speicher in die history Datei geschrieben. `-r' liest diese Datei und fügt"
+#~ msgid "current history to the history file; `-r' means to read the file and"
+#~ msgstr "speicher in die history Datei geschrieben. `-r' liest diese Datei und fügt"
#~ msgid "append the contents to the history list instead. `-a' means"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ihren Inhalt an den Kommandozeilenspeicher an. Durch die Option `-a' "
-#~ "kann der"
+#~ msgstr "ihren Inhalt an den Kommandozeilenspeicher an. Durch die Option `-a' kann der"
#~ msgid "to append history lines from this session to the history file."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Kommandozeilenspeicher der Sitzung an die history Datei angefügt werden."
+#~ msgstr "Kommandozeilenspeicher der Sitzung an die history Datei angefügt werden."
#~ msgid "Argument `-n' means to read all history lines not already read"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Das Argument `-n' bewirkt, daß alle Zeilen die noch nicht aus der history "
-#~ "Datei"
+#~ msgstr "Das Argument `-n' bewirkt, daß alle Zeilen die noch nicht aus der history Datei"
#~ msgid "from the history file and append them to the history list. If"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gelesen wurden an den Kommandozeilenspeicher angefügt werden. Wenn ein "
-#~ "Datei-"
+#~ msgstr "gelesen wurden an den Kommandozeilenspeicher angefügt werden. Wenn ein Datei-"
#~ msgid "FILENAME is given, then that is used as the history file else"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "name angegeben ist, dann wird dieser als Name der history Datei "
-#~ "verwendet. Sonst"
+#~ msgstr "name angegeben ist, dann wird dieser als Name der history Datei verwendet. Sonst"
#~ msgid "if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "wird der Inhalt der Variablen $HISTFILE und anschließend ~/.bash_history "
-#~ "verwendet."
+#~ msgstr "wird der Inhalt der Variablen $HISTFILE und anschließend ~/.bash_history verwendet."
#~ msgid "If the -s option is supplied, the non-option ARGs are appended to"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Durch die -s Option wird bewirkt, daß die Nicht-Options-Argumente als "
-#~ "eigene"
+#~ msgstr "Durch die -s Option wird bewirkt, daß die Nicht-Options-Argumente als eigene"
#~ msgid "the history list as a single entry. The -p option means to perform"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Zeile an den Kommandospeicher angefügt werden. Mit -p wird für jedes "
-#~ "Argument"
+#~ msgstr "Zeile an den Kommandospeicher angefügt werden. Mit -p wird für jedes Argument"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "history expansion on each ARG and display the result, without storing"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "die Kommandosubstitution durchgeführt und das Ergebnis angezeigt, ohne "
-#~ "jedoch"
+#~ msgid "history expansion on each ARG and display the result, without storing"
+#~ msgstr "die Kommandosubstitution durchgeführt und das Ergebnis angezeigt, ohne jedoch"
#~ msgid "anything in the history list."
#~ msgstr "etwas im Kommandozeilenspeicher abzulegen."
# jobs
#~ msgid "Lists the active jobs. The -l option lists process id's in addition"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gibt eine Liste der aktiven Jobs aus. Mit der -l Option werden "
-#~ "zusätzlich die"
+#~ msgstr "Gibt eine Liste der aktiven Jobs aus. Mit der -l Option werden zusätzlich die"
#~ msgid "to the normal information; the -p option lists process id's only."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Prozeßnummern und mit der -p Option nur die Prozeßnummern ausgsgegeben."
+#~ msgstr "Prozeßnummern und mit der -p Option nur die Prozeßnummern ausgsgegeben."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "If -n is given, only processes that have changed status since the last"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die Option -n bewirkt, daß nur Jobs angezeigt werden, die ihren Status "
-#~ "seid dem"
+#~ msgid "If -n is given, only processes that have changed status since the last"
+#~ msgstr "Die Option -n bewirkt, daß nur Jobs angezeigt werden, die ihren Status seid dem"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "notification are printed. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. The"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "letzten Aufruf geändert haben. Jobbez. beschränkt die Anzeige auf diesen "
-#~ "Job."
+#~ msgid "notification are printed. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job. The"
+#~ msgstr "letzten Aufruf geändert haben. Jobbez. beschränkt die Anzeige auf diesen Job."
#~ msgid "-r and -s options restrict output to running and stopped jobs only,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "-r zeigt nur laufende und -s nur gestoppte Jobs an. Wenn keine Optionen"
+#~ msgstr "-r zeigt nur laufende und -s nur gestoppte Jobs an. Wenn keine Optionen"
#~ msgid "respectively. Without options, the status of all active jobs is"
#~ msgstr "angegeben sind, dann wird der Status aller aktiven Jobs angezeigt."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "printed. If -x is given, COMMAND is run after all job specifications"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn -x in der Kommandozeile angegeben ist, wird das Kommando ausgeführt "
-#~ "und"
+#~ msgid "printed. If -x is given, COMMAND is run after all job specifications"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn -x in der Kommandozeile angegeben ist, wird das Kommando ausgeführt und"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "that appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's"
+#~ msgid "that appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's"
#~ msgstr "vorher alle vorkommenden Jobspezifikationen durch ihre Prozeßnummer"
#~ msgid "process group leader."
# kill
#~ msgid "Send the processes named by PID (or JOB) the signal SIGSPEC. If"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Sendet den durch pid (oder job) angegebenen Prozessen das Signal "
-#~ "SIGSPEC. Wenn"
+#~ msgstr "Sendet den durch pid (oder job) angegebenen Prozessen das Signal SIGSPEC. Wenn"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "SIGSPEC is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of `-l'"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "kein Signal angegeben ist wird SIGTERM gesendet. Mit der Option -l kann "
-#~ "eine"
+#~ msgid "SIGSPEC is not present, then SIGTERM is assumed. An argument of `-l'"
+#~ msgstr "kein Signal angegeben ist wird SIGTERM gesendet. Mit der Option -l kann eine"
#~ msgid "lists the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are assumed to"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Liste der möglichen Signalnamen angezeigt werden. Wenn Zahlen nach der "
-#~ "Option"
+#~ msgstr "Liste der möglichen Signalnamen angezeigt werden. Wenn Zahlen nach der Option"
#~ msgid "be signal numbers for which names should be listed. Kill is a shell"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angegeben werden, wird deren Signalbezeichnung angezeigt. Kill ist aus "
-#~ "zwei"
+#~ msgstr "angegeben werden, wird deren Signalbezeichnung angezeigt. Kill ist aus zwei"
#~ msgid "builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used instead of"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gründen eine Shellfunktion: es können Jobbezeichnungen anstatt "
-#~ "Prozeßnummern"
+#~ msgstr "Gründen eine Shellfunktion: es können Jobbezeichnungen anstatt Prozeßnummern"
#~ msgid "process IDs, and, if you have reached the limit on processes that"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "genutzt werden und, wenn die maximale Anzahl laufender Prozesse erreicht "
-#~ "ist"
+#~ msgstr "genutzt werden und, wenn die maximale Anzahl laufender Prozesse erreicht ist"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "you can create, you don't have to start a process to kill another one."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "braucht kein weiterer Prozeß gestartet zu werden, um einen anderen zu "
-#~ "beenden."
+#~ msgid "you can create, you don't have to start a process to kill another one."
+#~ msgstr "braucht kein weiterer Prozeß gestartet zu werden, um einen anderen zu beenden."
# let
#~ msgid "Each ARG is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Evaluation"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Jedes Argument ist ein auszuwertender arithmetischer Ausdruck. Es werden "
-#~ "long"
+#~ msgstr "Jedes Argument ist ein auszuwertender arithmetischer Ausdruck. Es werden long"
#~ msgid "is done in long integers with no check for overflow, though division"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "integer Variablen verwendet. Ein Überlauftest wird nicht ausgeführt, "
-#~ "jedoch"
+#~ msgstr "integer Variablen verwendet. Ein Überlauftest wird nicht ausgeführt, jedoch"
#~ msgid "by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "wird eine Division durch 0 erkannt und als Fehler gekennzeichnet. Die"
+#~ msgstr "wird eine Division durch 0 erkannt und als Fehler gekennzeichnet. Die"
#~ msgid "operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators."
#~ msgstr "Liste von Operatoren ist in Gruppen gleichen Vorrangs geordnet."
#~ msgstr "\t&=, ^=, |=\tZuweisungen."
#~ msgid "is replaced by its value (coerced to a long integer) within"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Ausdruck durch ihren in long integer umgewandelten Wert ersetzt. Um "
+#~ msgstr "Ausdruck durch ihren in long integer umgewandelten Wert ersetzt. Um "
#~ msgid "an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute"
#~ msgstr "die Variable in einem Ausdruck verwenden zu können, muß ihr "
#~ msgstr "Die Operatoren werden in Reihenfolge ihres Vorrangs ausgewertet."
#~ msgid "parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Geklammerte Teilausdrücke werden zuerst ausgewertet und können von den"
+#~ msgstr "Geklammerte Teilausdrücke werden zuerst ausgewertet und können von den"
#~ msgid "rules above."
#~ msgstr "oben angegebenen Vorrangregeln abweichen."
# read
#~ msgid "One line is read from the standard input, and the first word is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Es wird eine Zeile von der Standardeingabe gelesen und das erste Wort der"
+#~ msgstr "Es wird eine Zeile von der Standardeingabe gelesen und das erste Wort der"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "assigned to the first NAME, the second word to the second NAME, and so"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ersten Variablen NAME zugewiesen, das zweite Wort der zweiten Variablen "
-#~ "und so"
+#~ msgid "assigned to the first NAME, the second word to the second NAME, and so"
+#~ msgstr "ersten Variablen NAME zugewiesen, das zweite Wort der zweiten Variablen und so"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "on, with leftover words assigned to the last NAME. Only the characters"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "weiter, bis ein Wort der letzten Variablen zugewiesen wurde. Nur die in "
-#~ "$IFS"
+#~ msgid "on, with leftover words assigned to the last NAME. Only the characters"
+#~ msgstr "weiter, bis ein Wort der letzten Variablen zugewiesen wurde. Nur die in $IFS"
#~ msgid "found in $IFS are recognized as word delimiters. The return code is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angegebenen Zeichen werden als Trennzeichen erkannt. Wenn kein EOF "
-#~ "Zeichen"
+#~ msgstr "angegebenen Zeichen werden als Trennzeichen erkannt. Wenn kein EOF Zeichen"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "zero, unless end-of-file is encountered. If no NAMEs are supplied, the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "aufgetreten ist, ist der Rückgabewert Null. Wenn kein NAME angegeben "
-#~ "wurde,"
+#~ msgid "zero, unless end-of-file is encountered. If no NAMEs are supplied, the"
+#~ msgstr "aufgetreten ist, ist der Rückgabewert Null. Wenn kein NAME angegeben wurde,"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "line read is stored in the REPLY variable. If the -r option is given,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "verwendet read die REPLY Variable. Durch die Option -r wird das "
-#~ "Auswerten von"
+#~ msgid "line read is stored in the REPLY variable. If the -r option is given,"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet read die REPLY Variable. Durch die Option -r wird das Auswerten von"
#~ msgid "this signifies `raw' input, and backslash escaping is disabled. If"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "mit `\\' markierten Sonderzeichen unterdrückt. Wenn die Option -r "
-#~ "angegeben"
+#~ msgstr "mit `\\' markierten Sonderzeichen unterdrückt. Wenn die Option -r angegeben"
#~ msgid "the `-p' option is supplied, the string supplied as an argument is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ist, dann wird die Eingabeaufforderung ohne einen abschließenden "
-#~ "Zeilenumbruch"
+#~ msgstr "ist, dann wird die Eingabeaufforderung ohne einen abschließenden Zeilenumbruch"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "output without a trailing newline before attempting to read. If -a is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angezeigt. Wenn die Option -a angegeben ist, dann wird die Eingabe an die"
+#~ msgid "output without a trailing newline before attempting to read. If -a is"
+#~ msgstr "angezeigt. Wenn die Option -a angegeben ist, dann wird die Eingabe an die"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "supplied, the words read are assigned to sequential indices of ARRAY,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Feldvariable ARRAY übergeben und für jeden Eintrag der Index von Null "
-#~ "beginnend"
+#~ msgid "supplied, the words read are assigned to sequential indices of ARRAY,"
+#~ msgstr "Feldvariable ARRAY übergeben und für jeden Eintrag der Index von Null beginnend"
#~ msgid "starting at zero. If -e is supplied and the shell is interactive,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "um Eins erhöht wird. Mit der -e Option wird bei einer interaktiven Shell "
-#~ "die"
+#~ msgstr "um Eins erhöht wird. Mit der -e Option wird bei einer interaktiven Shell die"
#~ msgid "readline is used to obtain the line."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "die readline Funktionen aktiviert, um die Eingabezeile zu editieren."
+#~ msgstr "die readline Funktionen aktiviert, um die Eingabezeile zu editieren."
# return
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by N. If N"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Beendet eine Shellfunktion und setzt den Rückgabewert auf N. Wenn kein "
-#~ "Rückga-"
+#~ msgid "Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by N. If N"
+#~ msgstr "Beendet eine Shellfunktion und setzt den Rückgabewert auf N. Wenn kein Rückga-"
#~ msgid "is omitted, the return status is that of the last command."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "bewert angegeben ist, wird der des zuletzt ausgeführten Kommandos "
-#~ "verwendet."
+#~ msgstr "bewert angegeben ist, wird der des zuletzt ausgeführten Kommandos verwendet."
# set
#~ msgid " -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -a Markiert erzeugte oder veränderte Variablen als exportierbar."
+#~ msgstr " -a Markiert erzeugte oder veränderte Variablen als exportierbar."
#~ msgid " -b Notify of job termination immediately."
#~ msgstr " -b Zeigt das Beenden von Prozessen sofort an."
#~ msgid " -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -e Beendet die Shell sofort, wenn ein Kommando ein Fehler "
-#~ "zurückliefert."
+#~ msgstr " -e Beendet die Shell sofort, wenn ein Kommando ein Fehler zurückliefert."
#~ msgid " -f Disable file name generation (globbing)."
#~ msgstr " -f Unterdrückt das Erzeugen von Dateinamen."
#~ msgid " -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up."
#~ msgstr " -h Speichert die eingegebenen Kommandos sofort."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -i Force the shell to be an \"interactive\" one. Interactive shells"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -i Erzwingt, daß die Shell interaktiv arbeitet. Interaktive Shells"
+#~ msgid " -i Force the shell to be an \"interactive\" one. Interactive shells"
+#~ msgstr " -i Erzwingt, daß die Shell interaktiv arbeitet. Interaktive Shells"
#~ msgid " always read `~/.bashrc' on startup."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " interpretieren beim Aufrufen den Inhalt der Datei `~/.bashrc'."
+#~ msgstr " interpretieren beim Aufrufen den Inhalt der Datei `~/.bashrc'."
#~ msgid " -k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -k Die komplette Kommandozeile wird in die Umgebung der Funktion"
+#~ msgstr " -k Die komplette Kommandozeile wird in die Umgebung der Funktion"
#~ msgid " command, not just those that precede the command name."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " geschrieben, nicht bloß die Argumente nach dem Funktionsnamen."
+#~ msgstr " geschrieben, nicht bloß die Argumente nach dem Funktionsnamen."
#~ msgid " -m Job control is enabled."
#~ msgstr " -m Jobsteuerung wird aktiviert."
#~ msgstr " braceexpand Wie die Option -B."
#~ msgid " emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " emacs Schaltet den Kommandozeileneditor in den emacs-"
-#~ "Stil."
+#~ msgstr " emacs Schaltet den Kommandozeileneditor in den emacs-Stil."
#~ msgid " errexit same as -e"
#~ msgstr " errexit Wie die Option -e."
#~ msgstr " histexpand Wie die Option -H."
#~ msgid " ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " ignoreeof Shell wird nach dem Lesen von EOF nicht "
-#~ "verlassen ."
+#~ msgstr " ignoreeof Shell wird nach dem Lesen von EOF nicht verlassen ."
#~ msgid " interactive-comments"
#~ msgstr " interactive-comments"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " allow comments to appear in interactive commands"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " Kommentare werden auch in der Kommandozeile "
-#~ "erlaubt."
+#~ msgid " allow comments to appear in interactive commands"
+#~ msgstr " Kommentare werden auch in der Kommandozeile erlaubt."
#~ msgid " keyword same as -k"
#~ msgstr " keyword Wie die Option -k."
#~ msgid " physical same as -P"
#~ msgstr " physical Wie die Option -P."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " posix change the behavior of bash where the default"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " posix Ändert das Verhalten der Shell, wo sie vom,"
+#~ msgid " posix change the behavior of bash where the default"
+#~ msgstr " posix Ändert das Verhalten der Shell, wo sie vom,"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " operation differs from the 1003.2 standard to"
+#~ msgid " operation differs from the 1003.2 standard to"
#~ msgstr " 1003.2 Standard abweicht, zu einem POSIX "
#~ msgid " match the standard"
#~ msgstr " verbose Wie die Option -v."
#~ msgid " vi use a vi-style line editing interface"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " vi Schaltet den Kommandozeileneditor in den vi-Stil."
+#~ msgstr " vi Schaltet den Kommandozeileneditor in den vi-Stil."
#~ msgid " xtrace same as -x"
#~ msgstr " xtrace Wie die Option -x."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -p Ist aktiviert, wenn die reale und effektive Nutzer ID nicht "
-#~ "überein-"
+#~ msgid " -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match."
+#~ msgstr " -p Ist aktiviert, wenn die reale und effektive Nutzer ID nicht überein-"
#~ msgid " Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " stimmen. Die $ENV Datei wird nicht ausgeführt und keine "
-#~ "Shellfunk-"
+#~ msgstr " stimmen. Die $ENV Datei wird nicht ausgeführt und keine Shellfunk-"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " tionen importiert. Das Deaktivieren dieser Option setzt die "
-#~ "Effektive"
+#~ msgid " functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and"
+#~ msgstr " tionen importiert. Das Deaktivieren dieser Option setzt die Effektive"
#~ msgid " gid to be set to the real uid and gid."
#~ msgstr " uid und gid auf die Reale uid und gid."
#~ msgid " -t Exit after reading and executing one command."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -t Beendet die Shell sofort nach Ausfühern eines einzelnen Kommandos."
+#~ msgstr " -t Beendet die Shell sofort nach Ausfühern eines einzelnen Kommandos."
#~ msgid " -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -u Der Versuch leere (ungesetzte) Variablen zu erweitern erzeugt "
-#~ "einen Fehler."
+#~ msgstr " -u Der Versuch leere (ungesetzte) Variablen zu erweitern erzeugt einen Fehler."
#~ msgid " -v Print shell input lines as they are read."
#~ msgstr " -v Gibt die Kommandozeilen aus wie sie gelesenen wurden."
#~ msgid " -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -x Gibt die Kommandos mit ihren Argumenten aus wie es ausgeführt "
-#~ "wird."
+#~ msgstr " -x Gibt die Kommandos mit ihren Argumenten aus wie es ausgeführt wird."
#~ msgid " -B the shell will perform brace expansion"
#~ msgstr " -B Schaltet die Klammernerweiterung der Shell ein."
#~ msgid " -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -H Schaltet den Zugriff auf den Kommandozeilenspeicher durch `!' ein."
+#~ msgstr " -H Schaltet den Zugriff auf den Kommandozeilenspeicher durch `!' ein."
#~ msgid " by default."
#~ msgstr " Diese Option ist standardmäßig aktiviert."
#~ msgid " -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -C Verhindert das Überschreiben von existierenden Dateien durch"
+#~ msgstr " -C Verhindert das Überschreiben von existierenden Dateien durch"
#~ msgid " by redirection of output."
#~ msgstr " Umleiten der Ausgabe (wie noclobber)."
#~ msgid " -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -P Symbolische Verweise werden beim Ausführen von Kommandos, wie z."
-#~ "B. cd"
+#~ msgstr " -P Symbolische Verweise werden beim Ausführen von Kommandos, wie z.B. cd"
#~ msgid " such as cd which change the current directory."
#~ msgstr " welches das aktuelle Arbeitsverzeichnis ändert, ignoriert."
#~ msgid "Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Durch `+' an Stelle von `-' kann eine Option deaktiviert werden. Die "
-#~ "Optionen"
+#~ msgstr "Durch `+' an Stelle von `-' kann eine Option deaktiviert werden. Die Optionen"
#~ msgid "flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "können auch beim Aufruf der Shell benutzt werden. Die gegenwärtig "
-#~ "aktivierten"
+#~ msgstr "können auch beim Aufruf der Shell benutzt werden. Die gegenwärtig aktivierten"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Optionen sind in der Variablen $- gespeichert. Die verbleibenden n "
-#~ "Argumente"
+#~ msgid "set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional"
+#~ msgstr "Optionen sind in der Variablen $- gespeichert. Die verbleibenden n Argumente"
#~ msgid "parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "sind Parameter und werden den Variablen $1, $2, .. $n zugewiesen. Wenn "
-#~ "kein"
+#~ msgstr "sind Parameter und werden den Variablen $1, $2, .. $n zugewiesen. Wenn kein"
#~ msgid "ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed."
#~ msgstr "Argument angegeben ist, dann werden alle Shellvariablen ausgegeben."
# unset
#~ msgid "For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function. Given"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Für jeden angegebenen NAMEn wird die entsprechende Variable oder Funktion "
-#~ "ge-"
+#~ msgstr "Für jeden angegebenen NAMEn wird die entsprechende Variable oder Funktion ge-"
#~ msgid "the `-v', unset will only act on variables. Given the `-f' flag,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "löscht. Mit `-v' werden nur Variablen und mit `-f' nur Funktionen "
-#~ "gelöscht."
+#~ msgstr "löscht. Mit `-v' werden nur Variablen und mit `-f' nur Funktionen gelöscht."
#~ msgid "unset will only act on functions. With neither flag, unset first"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn kein Schalter angegeben ist, wird zunächst eine Variable gesucht und "
-#~ "wenn"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn kein Schalter angegeben ist, wird zunächst eine Variable gesucht und wenn"
#~ msgid "tries to unset a variable, and if that fails, then tries to unset a"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "eine solche nicht gefunden wurde, dann wird versucht eine Funktion zu "
-#~ "löschen."
+#~ msgstr "eine solche nicht gefunden wurde, dann wird versucht eine Funktion zu löschen."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "function. Some variables (such as PATH and IFS) cannot be unset; also"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Einige Variablen (z.B. PATH und IFS) können nicht gelöscht werden. Siehe"
+#~ msgid "function. Some variables (such as PATH and IFS) cannot be unset; also"
+#~ msgstr "Einige Variablen (z.B. PATH und IFS) können nicht gelöscht werden. Siehe"
#~ msgid "see readonly."
#~ msgstr "diesbezüglich auch die Hilfe der Funktion readonly."
# export
#~ msgid "NAMEs are marked for automatic export to the environment of"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die NAMEn werden für den automatischen Export in die Umgebung von der "
-#~ "Shell"
+#~ msgstr "Die NAMEn werden für den automatischen Export in die Umgebung von der Shell"
#~ msgid "subsequently executed commands. If the -f option is given,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gestarteten Prozesse markiert. Wenn die -f Option angegenen ist, dann "
-#~ "bezeich-"
+#~ msgstr "gestarteten Prozesse markiert. Wenn die -f Option angegenen ist, dann bezeich-"
#~ msgid "the NAMEs refer to functions. If no NAMEs are given, or if `-p'"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "nen die NAME'n Funktionen. Wenn keine NAMEn angegeben sind, oder die `-p'"
+#~ msgstr "nen die NAME'n Funktionen. Wenn keine NAMEn angegeben sind, oder die `-p'"
#~ msgid "is given, a list of all names that are exported in this shell is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Option angegeben ist, dann wird eine Liste aller von der Shell "
-#~ "exportierter"
+#~ msgstr "Option angegeben ist, dann wird eine Liste aller von der Shell exportierter"
#~ msgid "printed. An argument of `-n' says to remove the export property"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Namen ausgegeben. Mit dem Argument `-n' wird die Exporteigenschaft des "
-#~ "NAMENs"
+#~ msgstr "Namen ausgegeben. Mit dem Argument `-n' wird die Exporteigenschaft des NAMENs"
#~ msgid "from subsequent NAMEs. An argument of `--' disables further option"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gelöscht. Ein Argument `--' verhindert, daß nach diesem Zeichen weitere"
+#~ msgstr "gelöscht. Ein Argument `--' verhindert, daß nach diesem Zeichen weitere"
#~ msgid "processing."
#~ msgstr "Optionen ausgewertet werden."
# readonly
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "The given NAMEs are marked readonly and the values of these NAMEs may"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die angegebenen NAMEn werden als Nur-Lesen markiert. Deren Inhalte können"
+#~ msgid "The given NAMEs are marked readonly and the values of these NAMEs may"
+#~ msgstr "Die angegebenen NAMEn werden als Nur-Lesen markiert. Deren Inhalte können"
#~ msgid "not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -f option is given,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "nicht mehr geändert werden. Wenn die -f Option angegeben wird, dann "
-#~ "werden nur"
+#~ msgstr "nicht mehr geändert werden. Wenn die -f Option angegeben wird, dann werden nur"
#~ msgid "then functions corresponding to the NAMEs are so marked. If no"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Funktionen markiert. Ohne oder mit dem `-p' Argument, werden alle auf "
-#~ "Nur- "
+#~ msgstr "Funktionen markiert. Ohne oder mit dem `-p' Argument, werden alle auf Nur- "
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "arguments are given, or if `-p' is given, a list of all readonly names"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Lesen gesetzte Namen ausgegeben. Mit dem Argument `-n' kann die Nur-Lese"
+#~ msgid "arguments are given, or if `-p' is given, a list of all readonly names"
+#~ msgstr "Lesen gesetzte Namen ausgegeben. Mit dem Argument `-n' kann die Nur-Lese"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "is printed. An argument of `-n' says to remove the readonly property"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Eigenschaft für die angegebenen Namen entfernt werden. Der `-a' Schalter"
+#~ msgid "is printed. An argument of `-n' says to remove the readonly property"
+#~ msgstr "Eigenschaft für die angegebenen Namen entfernt werden. Der `-a' Schalter"
#~ msgid "from subsequent NAMEs. The `-a' option means to treat each NAME as"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "bewirkt, daß jeder Name als Feldvariable behandelt wird. Das Argument "
-#~ "`--'"
+#~ msgstr "bewirkt, daß jeder Name als Feldvariable behandelt wird. Das Argument `--'"
#~ msgid "an array variable. An argument of `--' disables further option"
#~ msgstr "unterdrückt das Auswerten weiterer Optionen."
# shift
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "The positional parameters from $N+1 ... are renamed to $1 ... If N is"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die Positionsvariablen $N+1 ... werden nach $1 ... umbenannt. Wenn N "
-#~ "nicht"
+#~ msgid "The positional parameters from $N+1 ... are renamed to $1 ... If N is"
+#~ msgstr "Die Positionsvariablen $N+1 ... werden nach $1 ... umbenannt. Wenn N nicht"
#~ msgid "not given, it is assumed to be 1."
#~ msgstr "angegeben ist, dann wird 1 verwendet."
# source
#~ msgid "Read and execute commands from FILENAME and return. The pathnames"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Liest und führt anschließend die Kommandos in DATEINAME aus. $PATH wird"
+#~ msgstr "Liest und führt anschließend die Kommandos in DATEINAME aus. $PATH wird"
#~ msgid "in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME."
#~ msgstr "als Suchpfad benutzt, um DATEINAME zu finden."
# suspend
#~ msgid "Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Hält das Ausführen der Shell solange an, bis sie das Signal SIGCONT "
-#~ "empfängt."
+#~ msgstr "Hält das Ausführen der Shell solange an, bis sie das Signal SIGCONT empfängt."
#~ msgid "signal. The `-f' if specified says not to complain about this"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die `-f' Option unterdrückt eine Warnung, wenn es sich um eine Login Shell"
+#~ msgstr "Die `-f' Option unterdrückt eine Warnung, wenn es sich um eine Login Shell"
#~ msgid "being a login shell if it is; just suspend anyway."
#~ msgstr "handelt und hält auch deren Abarbeitung an."
# test
#~ msgid "Exits with a status of 0 (trueness) or 1 (falseness) depending on"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Liefert den Rückgabewert 0 (wahr) oder 1 (falsch), abhängig vom Ergebnis "
-#~ "des"
+#~ msgstr "Liefert den Rückgabewert 0 (wahr) oder 1 (falsch), abhängig vom Ergebnis des"
#~ msgid "the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Ausdruckes EXPR. Die Ausdrücke können ein- (unär) oder zweistellig "
-#~ "(binär) sein."
+#~ msgstr "Ausdruckes EXPR. Die Ausdrücke können ein- (unär) oder zweistellig (binär) sein."
#~ msgid "expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Einstellige Ausdrücke werden oft zum Ermitteln eines Dateizustandes "
-#~ "verwendet."
+#~ msgstr "Einstellige Ausdrücke werden oft zum Ermitteln eines Dateizustandes verwendet."
#~ msgid "are string operators as well, and numeric comparison operators."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Es gibt außerden Zeichenketten- und numerische Vergleichsoperatoren."
+#~ msgstr "Es gibt außerden Zeichenketten- und numerische Vergleichsoperatoren."
#~ msgid "File operators:"
#~ msgstr "Datei Operatoren:"
#~ msgid " -b FILE True if file is block special."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -b DATEI Wahr, wenn der Dateiname ein Blockgerät bezeichnet."
+#~ msgstr " -b DATEI Wahr, wenn der Dateiname ein Blockgerät bezeichnet."
#~ msgid " -c FILE True if file is character special."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -c DATEI Wahr, wenn der Dateiname ein sequentielles Gerät "
-#~ "bezeichnet."
+#~ msgstr " -c DATEI Wahr, wenn der Dateiname ein sequentielles Gerät bezeichnet."
#~ msgid " -d FILE True if file is a directory."
#~ msgstr " -d DATEI Wahr, wenn es ein Verzeichnis ist."
#~ msgstr " -e DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei existiert."
#~ msgid " -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -f DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei existiert und eine reguläre Datei "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgstr " -f DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei existiert und eine reguläre Datei ist."
#~ msgid " -g FILE True if file is set-group-id."
#~ msgstr " -g DATEI Wahr, wenn das SGID Bit gesetzt ist."
#~ msgid " -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link. Use \"-L\"."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -h DATEI Wahr, wenn FILE symbolischer Verweis ist. (Besser -L "
-#~ "verw.)"
+#~ msgstr " -h DATEI Wahr, wenn FILE symbolischer Verweis ist. (Besser -L verw.)"
#~ msgid " -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link."
#~ msgstr " -L DATEI Wahr, wenn FIIE einen symbolischen Verweis ist."
#~ msgid " -k FILE True if file has its \"sticky\" bit set."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -k DATEI Wahr, wenn nur der Besitzer die Datei ändern darf "
-#~ "(sticky)."
+#~ msgstr " -k DATEI Wahr, wenn nur der Besitzer die Datei ändern darf (sticky)."
#~ msgid " -p FILE True if file is a named pipe."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -p DATEI Wahr, wenn FILE eine benannte Pipeline (named pipe) "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgstr " -p DATEI Wahr, wenn FILE eine benannte Pipeline (named pipe) ist."
#~ msgid " -r FILE True if file is readable by you."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -r DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei vom aktuellen Benutzer lesbar ist."
+#~ msgstr " -r DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei vom aktuellen Benutzer lesbar ist."
#~ msgid " -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -s DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei existiert und nicht leer ist."
+#~ msgstr " -s DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei existiert und nicht leer ist."
#~ msgid " -S FILE True if file is a socket."
#~ msgstr " -S DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei ein \"Socket\" ist."
#~ msgid " -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -t FD Wahr, wenn die Dateinummer FD für ein Terminal "
-#~ "geöffnet ist."
+#~ msgstr " -t FD Wahr, wenn die Dateinummer FD für ein Terminal geöffnet ist."
#~ msgid " -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -u DATEI Wahr, wenn für diese Datei das SUID Bit gesetzt ist."
+#~ msgstr " -u DATEI Wahr, wenn für diese Datei das SUID Bit gesetzt ist."
#~ msgid " -w FILE True if the file is writable by you."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -w DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei vom aktuellen Benutzer schreibbar "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgstr " -w DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei vom aktuellen Benutzer schreibbar ist."
#~ msgid " -x FILE True if the file is executable by you."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -x DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei vom aktuellen Benutzer ausführbar "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgstr " -x DATEI Wahr, wenn die Datei vom aktuellen Benutzer ausführbar ist."
#~ msgid " -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -O DATEI Wahr, wenn der aktuelle Benutzer Eigentümer der Datei "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgstr " -O DATEI Wahr, wenn der aktuelle Benutzer Eigentümer der Datei ist."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -G DATEI Wahr, wenn GID des Benutzers und der Datei "
-#~ "übereinstimmen."
+#~ msgid " -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group."
+#~ msgstr " -G DATEI Wahr, wenn GID des Benutzers und der Datei übereinstimmen."
#~ msgid " FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than (according to"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " DATEI1 -nt DATEI2 Wahr, wenn der letzte Änderungszeitpunkt von DATEI1 "
-#~ "jünger"
+#~ msgstr " DATEI1 -nt DATEI2 Wahr, wenn der letzte Änderungszeitpunkt von DATEI1 jünger"
#~ msgid " modification date) file2."
#~ msgstr " ist als der von DATEI2."
#~ msgstr " DATEI1 -ot DATEI2 Wahr, wenn DATEI1 älter ist als DATEI2."
#~ msgid " FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " DATEI1 -ef DATEI2 Wahr, wenn beide Inodes übereinstimmen (hard link)."
+#~ msgstr " DATEI1 -ef DATEI2 Wahr, wenn beide Inodes übereinstimmen (hard link)."
#~ msgid "String operators:"
#~ msgstr "Operatoren für Zeichenketten (Strings):"
#~ msgstr " -n STRING"
#~ msgid " STRING True if string is not empty."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " STRING Wahr, wenn die Länge der Zeichenkette größer als Null "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgstr " STRING Wahr, wenn die Länge der Zeichenkette größer als Null ist."
#~ msgid " STRING1 = STRING2"
#~ msgstr " STRING1 = STRING2"
#~ msgstr " STRING1 != STRING2"
#~ msgid " True if the strings are not equal."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " Wahr, wenn die Zeichenketten unterschiedlich sind."
+#~ msgstr " Wahr, wenn die Zeichenketten unterschiedlich sind."
#~ msgid " STRING1 < STRING2"
#~ msgstr " STRING1 < STRING2"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " Wahr, wenn STRING1 vor STRING2 alphabetisch geordnet "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgid " True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically"
+#~ msgstr " Wahr, wenn STRING1 vor STRING2 alphabetisch geordnet ist."
#~ msgid " STRING1 > STRING2"
#~ msgstr " STRING1 > STRING2"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " Wahr, wenn STRING1 nach STRING2 alphabetisch geordnet "
-#~ "ist."
+#~ msgid " True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically"
+#~ msgstr " Wahr, wenn STRING1 nach STRING2 alphabetisch geordnet ist."
#~ msgid "Other operators:"
#~ msgstr "Andere Operatoren:"
#~ msgstr " ! EXPR Wahr, wenn der Ausdruck EXPR `falsch' liefert."
#~ msgid " EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " EXPR1 -a EXPR2 Wahr, wenn die Ausdrücke EXPR1 und EXPR2 `wahr' "
-#~ "liefern."
+#~ msgstr " EXPR1 -a EXPR2 Wahr, wenn die Ausdrücke EXPR1 und EXPR2 `wahr' liefern."
#~ msgid " EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " EXPR1 -o EXPR2 Wahr, wenn entweder EXPR1 oder EXPR2 wahr liefern."
+#~ msgstr " EXPR1 -o EXPR2 Wahr, wenn entweder EXPR1 oder EXPR2 wahr liefern."
#~ msgid " arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetische Operatoren. OP kann -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -"
-#~ "gt"
+#~ msgstr " arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetische Operatoren. OP kann -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt"
#~ msgid " -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge."
#~ msgstr " oder -ge sein."
#~ msgid "Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Diese binären arithmetischen Operatoren liefern Wahr, wenn ARG1 gleich,"
+#~ msgstr "Diese binären arithmetischen Operatoren liefern Wahr, wenn ARG1 gleich,"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ungleich, kleiner als, kleiner gleich, größer als oder größer gleich"
+#~ msgid "less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal"
+#~ msgstr "ungleich, kleiner als, kleiner gleich, größer als oder größer gleich"
#~ msgid "than ARG2."
#~ msgstr "ARG2 ist."
# [
#~ msgid "This is a synonym for the \"test\" builtin, but the last"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Dies ist ein Synonym für die Shellfunktion test. Das letzte Argument muß "
-#~ "ein"
+#~ msgstr "Dies ist ein Synonym für die Shellfunktion test. Das letzte Argument muß ein"
#~ msgid "argument must be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
#~ msgstr "`]' sein, das mit dem öffnenden `[' korrespondiert."
# times
#~ msgid "Print the accumulated user and system times for processes run from"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gibt die verbrauchte Benutzer- und Systemzeit für die Shell und der von"
+#~ msgstr "Gibt die verbrauchte Benutzer- und Systemzeit für die Shell und der von"
#~ msgid "the shell."
#~ msgstr "ihr gestarteten Prozesse aus."
# trap
#~ msgid "The command ARG is to be read and executed when the shell receives"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die Shell fängt die in SIG_SPEC angegebenen Signale ab führt das Kommando "
-#~ "ARG"
+#~ msgstr "Die Shell fängt die in SIG_SPEC angegebenen Signale ab führt das Kommando ARG"
#~ msgid "signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent all specified signals are"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "aus. Wenn kein ARG angegeben ist, werden alle bezeichneten Signale "
-#~ "zurück-"
+#~ msgstr "aus. Wenn kein ARG angegeben ist, werden alle bezeichneten Signale zurück-"
#~ msgid "reset to their original values. If ARG is the null string each"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gesetzt. Ist ARG eine leere Zeichenkette, dann wird jedes angegebne Sig-"
+#~ msgstr "gesetzt. Ist ARG eine leere Zeichenkette, dann wird jedes angegebne Sig-"
#~ msgid "SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "nal von der Shell und den von ihr aufgerufenen Kommandos ignoriert. Wenn "
-#~ "das"
+#~ msgstr "nal von der Shell und den von ihr aufgerufenen Kommandos ignoriert. Wenn das"
#~ msgid "If SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) the command ARG is executed on exit from"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Signal EXIT (0) abgefangen wird, dann wird ARG bei Verlassen der Shell "
-#~ "ausge-"
+#~ msgstr "Signal EXIT (0) abgefangen wird, dann wird ARG bei Verlassen der Shell ausge-"
#~ msgid "the shell. If SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed after every"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "führt. Durch Abfangen des Signals DEBUG, wird ARG nach jedem Kommando"
+#~ msgstr "führt. Durch Abfangen des Signals DEBUG, wird ARG nach jedem Kommando"
#~ msgid "command. If ARG is `-p' then the trap commands associated with"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "aufgerufen. Mit `-p' werden Kommandos angezeigt, die für jedes "
-#~ "abgefangene"
+#~ msgstr "aufgerufen. Mit `-p' werden Kommandos angezeigt, die für jedes abgefangene"
#~ msgid "each SIGNAL_SPEC are displayed. If no arguments are supplied or if"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Signal ausgeführt werden. Wenn keine Argumente angegeben sind, oder wenn "
-#~ "das"
+#~ msgstr "Signal ausgeführt werden. Wenn keine Argumente angegeben sind, oder wenn das"
#~ msgid "only `-p' is given, trap prints the list of commands associated with"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Argument `-p' angegeben ist, wird eine Liste der Kommandos für jedes "
-#~ "abgefan-"
+#~ msgstr "Argument `-p' angegeben ist, wird eine Liste der Kommandos für jedes abgefan-"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "each signal number. SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "gene Signal angezeigt. SIGNAL_SPEC ist entweder ein Signalname (aus "
-#~ "signal.h)"
+#~ msgid "each signal number. SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h>"
+#~ msgstr "gene Signal angezeigt. SIGNAL_SPEC ist entweder ein Signalname (aus signal.h)"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "or a signal number. `trap -l' prints a list of signal names and their"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "oder eine Signalnummer. `trap -l' gibt eine Liste der Signalnamen und "
-#~ "der ent-"
+#~ msgid "or a signal number. `trap -l' prints a list of signal names and their"
+#~ msgstr "oder eine Signalnummer. `trap -l' gibt eine Liste der Signalnamen und der ent-"
#~ msgid "corresponding numbers. Note that a signal can be sent to the shell"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "sprechenden Nummern aus. Ein Signal kann an eine Shell mit dem Befehl "
-#~ "\"kill"
+#~ msgstr "sprechenden Nummern aus. Ein Signal kann an eine Shell mit dem Befehl \"kill"
#~ msgid "with \"kill -signal $$\"."
#~ msgstr "-signal $$\" gesendet werden."
# type
#~ msgid "For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Gibt aus, wie der angegebene NAME interpretiert würde, wenn er in der"
+#~ msgstr "Gibt aus, wie der angegebene NAME interpretiert würde, wenn er in der"
#~ msgid "If the -t option is used, returns a single word which is one of"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die Option -t bewirkt, daß eins der Worte: `alias', `keyword', `function',"
+#~ msgstr "Die Option -t bewirkt, daß eins der Worte: `alias', `keyword', `function',"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "`alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "`file' oder `' ausgegeben wird, wenn NAME ein Alias, ein in der Shell "
-#~ "reser-"
+#~ msgid "`alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an"
+#~ msgstr "`file' oder `' ausgegeben wird, wenn NAME ein Alias, ein in der Shell reser-"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "alias, shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "viertes Wort, eine Skriptfunktion, eine eingebaute Shellfunktion, eine "
-#~ "Datei"
+#~ msgid "alias, shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file,"
+#~ msgstr "viertes Wort, eine Skriptfunktion, eine eingebaute Shellfunktion, eine Datei"
#~ msgid "or unfound, respectively."
#~ msgstr "ist oder kein Kommandotyp gefunden wurde."
#~ msgid "If the -p flag is used, either returns the name of the disk file"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn der -p Schalter angegeben ist, dann wird, wenn eine entsprechende "
-#~ "Datei"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn der -p Schalter angegeben ist, dann wird, wenn eine entsprechende Datei"
#~ msgid "that would be executed, or nothing if -t would not return `file'."
#~ msgstr "existiert, ihr Name ausgegegeben,"
#~ msgid "If the -a flag is used, displays all of the places that contain an"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Mit dem -a Schalter werden alle ausführbaren Dateien mit dem Namen `file'"
+#~ msgstr "Mit dem -a Schalter werden alle ausführbaren Dateien mit dem Namen `file'"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "executable named `file'. This includes aliases and functions, if and"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angezeigt. Dieses schließt Aliase und Funktionen ein, aber nur dann"
+#~ msgid "executable named `file'. This includes aliases and functions, if and"
+#~ msgstr "angezeigt. Dieses schließt Aliase und Funktionen ein, aber nur dann"
#~ msgid "only if the -p flag is not also used."
#~ msgstr "wenn nicht gleichzeitig der -p Schalter gesetzt ist."
#~ msgid "Type accepts -all, -path, and -type in place of -a, -p, and -t,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Type akzeptiert auch die Argumente -all, -path und -type an Stelle von -a,"
+#~ msgstr "Type akzeptiert auch die Argumente -all, -path und -type an Stelle von -a,"
#~ msgid "respectively."
#~ msgstr "-p und -t."
# ulimit
#~ msgid "Ulimit provides control over the resources available to processes"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Ulimit steuert die Ressourcen, die den von der Shell aufgerufenen "
-#~ "Prozessen"
+#~ msgstr "Ulimit steuert die Ressourcen, die den von der Shell aufgerufenen Prozessen"
#~ msgid "started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "zur Verfügung stehen, wenn das System Ressourcensteuerung unterstützt. "
-#~ "Wenn"
+#~ msgstr "zur Verfügung stehen, wenn das System Ressourcensteuerung unterstützt. Wenn"
#~ msgid "option is given, it is interpreted as follows:"
#~ msgstr "eine Option angegebe ist, dann wird sie wie folgt interpretiert:"
#~ msgstr " -d\tDie maximale Größe des Datensegmentes eines Prozesses."
#~ msgid " -m\tthe maximum resident set size"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -m\tMaximale Größe des nicht auszulagenden (residenten) "
-#~ "Prozeßspeichers."
+#~ msgstr " -m\tMaximale Größe des nicht auszulagenden (residenten) Prozeßspeichers."
#~ msgid " -s\tthe maximum stack size"
#~ msgstr " -s\tDie maximale Größe des Stapelspeichers."
#~ msgstr " -t\tDie maximal verfügbare CPU-Zeit (in Sekunden)."
#~ msgid " -f\tthe maximum size of files created by the shell"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ " -f\tDie maximal erlaubte Größe für von der Shell erzeugte Dateien."
+#~ msgstr " -f\tDie maximal erlaubte Größe für von der Shell erzeugte Dateien."
#~ msgid " -p\tthe pipe buffer size"
#~ msgstr " -p\tDie Größe des Pipeline-Puffers."
#~ msgstr " -v\tDie Größe des virtuellen Arbeitsspeichers."
#~ msgid "If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn eine Grenze angegeben ist, wird die Resouce auf diesen Wert gesetzt."
+#~ msgstr "Wenn eine Grenze angegeben ist, wird die Resouce auf diesen Wert gesetzt."
#~ msgid "Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Sonst wird der gegenwärtig eingestellte Wert ausgegeben. Wenn keine "
-#~ "Option"
+#~ msgstr "Sonst wird der gegenwärtig eingestellte Wert ausgegeben. Wenn keine Option"
#~ msgid "If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in 1k"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angegeben ist wird -f verwendet. Die Einheit ist 1k außer für -t, deren"
+#~ msgstr "angegeben ist wird -f verwendet. Die Einheit ist 1k außer für -t, deren"
#~ msgid "increments, except for -t, which is in seconds, -p, which is in"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wert in Sekunden angegeben wird, -p, dessen Einheit 512 bytes ist und -u,"
+#~ msgstr "Wert in Sekunden angegeben wird, -p, dessen Einheit 512 bytes ist und -u,"
#~ msgid "increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled number of"
#~ msgstr "für das die Anzahl der Prozesse verwendet"
#~ msgstr "wird."
# umask
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "The user file-creation mask is set to MODE. If MODE is omitted, or if"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die Dateierzeugungsmaske wird auf MODE gesetzt. Wenn MODE nicht, oder -S"
+#~ msgid "The user file-creation mask is set to MODE. If MODE is omitted, or if"
+#~ msgstr "Die Dateierzeugungsmaske wird auf MODE gesetzt. Wenn MODE nicht, oder -S"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "`-S' is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The `-S'"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angegeben ist, dann wird die aktuelle Dateierzeugungsmaske ausgegeben."
+#~ msgid "`-S' is supplied, the current value of the mask is printed. The `-S'"
+#~ msgstr "angegeben ist, dann wird die aktuelle Dateierzeugungsmaske ausgegeben."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "option makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die `-S' Option bewirkt, daß die symbolische Entsprechung ausgegeben "
-#~ "wird. "
+#~ msgid "option makes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output."
+#~ msgstr "Die `-S' Option bewirkt, daß die symbolische Entsprechung ausgegeben wird. "
#~ msgid "If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn MODE mit einer Ziffer beginnt, wird diese als Oktalzahl "
-#~ "interpretiert."
+#~ msgstr "Wenn MODE mit einer Ziffer beginnt, wird diese als Oktalzahl interpretiert."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1)."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Ansonsten wird eine symbolische Notation (analog chmod(1)) angenommen."
+#~ msgid "otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1)."
+#~ msgstr "Ansonsten wird eine symbolische Notation (analog chmod(1)) angenommen."
# wait
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Wait for the specified process and report its termination status. If"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wartet auf das Beenden der angegebenen Prozesse und gibt deren "
-#~ "Rückgabewert"
+#~ msgid "Wait for the specified process and report its termination status. If"
+#~ msgstr "Wartet auf das Beenden der angegebenen Prozesse und gibt deren Rückgabewert"
#~ msgid "N is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for,"
#~ msgstr "aus. Wenn keine Prozesse angegeben sind, wird auf alle aktiven"
#~ msgid "and the return code is zero. N may be a process ID or a job"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Hintergrundprozesse gewartet und Null zurückgegeben. An wait können"
+#~ msgstr "Hintergrundprozesse gewartet und Null zurückgegeben. An wait können"
#~ msgid "specification; if a job spec is given, all processes in the job's"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Prozeßnummern und Jobbezeichnungen übergeben werden. Wenn "
-#~ "Jobbezeichnungen"
+#~ msgstr "Prozeßnummern und Jobbezeichnungen übergeben werden. Wenn Jobbezeichnungen"
#~ msgid "pipeline are waited for."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "angegeben sind, dann wird auf alle Prozesse in der Job-Pipeline gewartet "
-#~ "und"
+#~ msgstr "angegeben sind, dann wird auf alle Prozesse in der Job-Pipeline gewartet und"
#~ msgid "and the return code is zero. N is a process ID; if it is not given,"
#~ msgstr "Null zurückgegeben."
# for
#~ msgid "The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "`for' führt eine Reihe von Kommandos für jeden Eintrag einer Liste aus."
+#~ msgstr "`for' führt eine Reihe von Kommandos für jeden Eintrag einer Liste aus."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in \"$@\"' is"
+#~ msgid "list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in \"$@\"' is"
#~ msgstr "Ohne `in WORTLISTE' wird als Argument `in \"$@\"' verwendet."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and"
+#~ msgid "assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and"
#~ msgstr "NAME wird nacheinander ein Element aus WORTLISTE zugewiesen"
#~ msgid "the COMMANDS are executed."
# select
#~ msgid "The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die WORTE werden erweitert und erzeugen eine Wortliste. Diese wird als"
+#~ msgstr "Die WORTE werden erweitert und erzeugen eine Wortliste. Diese wird als"
#~ msgid "set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each"
#~ msgstr "numerierte Liste auf dem Standardfehlerkanal ausgegeben."
#~ msgid "preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in \"$@\"'"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn `in WORTE' nicht angegeben ist, dann wird `in \"$@\"' verwendet."
+#~ msgstr "Wenn `in WORTE' nicht angegeben ist, dann wird `in \"$@\"' verwendet."
#~ msgid "is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Das PS3-Promt wird angezeigt und eine Zeile von der Standardeingabe "
-#~ "gelesen."
+#~ msgstr "Das PS3-Promt wird angezeigt und eine Zeile von der Standardeingabe gelesen."
#~ msgid "from the standard input. If the line consists of the number"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn die gelesene Zeile eine Zeilennummer der angezeigten Liste enhält, "
-#~ "dann"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn die gelesene Zeile eine Zeilennummer der angezeigten Liste enhält, dann"
#~ msgid "corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set"
#~ msgstr "wird NAME entsprechend dem WORT in der bezeichneten Zeile gesetzt."
#~ msgid "to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wird eine leere Zeichenkette gelesen, dann wird die Liste erneut "
-#~ "angezeigt."
+#~ msgstr "Wird eine leere Zeichenkette gelesen, dann wird die Liste erneut angezeigt."
#~ msgid "redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Mir einem EOF Zeichen wird die Eingabe abgebrochen. Jeder andere Inhalt "
-#~ "der"
+#~ msgstr "Mir einem EOF Zeichen wird die Eingabe abgebrochen. Jeder andere Inhalt der"
#~ msgid "value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Zeichenkette bewirkt, daß NAME auf Null gesetzt wird. Die gelesene Zeile "
-#~ "wird"
+#~ msgstr "Zeichenkette bewirkt, daß NAME auf Null gesetzt wird. Die gelesene Zeile wird"
#~ msgid "in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "in der Variable REPLY gespeichert. Die KOMMANDOS werden so lange "
-#~ "wiederholt,"
+#~ msgstr "in der Variable REPLY gespeichert. Die KOMMANDOS werden so lange wiederholt,"
#~ msgid "until a break or return command is executed."
#~ msgstr "bis die Schleife mit break oder return verlassen wird."
#~ msgstr "Das Zeichen `|' trennt mehrere Muster."
# if
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "The if COMMANDS are executed. If the exit status is zero, then the then"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die KOMMANDOS werden ausgewertet. Ist der Rückgabewert Null, dann werden "
-#~ "die"
+#~ msgid "The if COMMANDS are executed. If the exit status is zero, then the then"
+#~ msgstr "Die KOMMANDOS werden ausgewertet. Ist der Rückgabewert Null, dann werden die"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "COMMANDS are executed. Otherwise, each of the elif COMMANDS are executed"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "then KOMMANDOS ausgeführt. Ansonsten werden die elif KOMMANDOS der Reihe "
-#~ "nach"
+#~ msgid "COMMANDS are executed. Otherwise, each of the elif COMMANDS are executed"
+#~ msgstr "then KOMMANDOS ausgeführt. Ansonsten werden die elif KOMMANDOS der Reihe nach"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "in turn, and if the exit status is zero, the corresponding then COMMANDS"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ausgewertet und bei einem Rückgabewert Null die dazugehörigen KOMMANDOS"
+#~ msgid "in turn, and if the exit status is zero, the corresponding then COMMANDS"
+#~ msgstr "ausgewertet und bei einem Rückgabewert Null die dazugehörigen KOMMANDOS"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "are executed and the if command completes. Otherwise, the else COMMANDS"
+#~ msgid "are executed and the if command completes. Otherwise, the else COMMANDS"
#~ msgstr "ausgeführt und if beendet. Sonst wird, wenn ein else Kommandozweig"
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "are executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "existiert, dieser ausgeführt. Der Exitstatus ist der des letzten Kommandos"
+#~ msgid "are executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the last"
+#~ msgstr "existiert, dieser ausgeführt. Der Exitstatus ist der des letzten Kommandos"
#~ msgid "command executed, or zero if no condition tested true."
#~ msgstr "oder Null, wenn keine Bedingung wahr ergab."
# while
#~ msgid "Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wiederholt den Schleifenkörper `do KOMMANDOS done' so lange die letzte"
+#~ msgstr "Wiederholt den Schleifenkörper `do KOMMANDOS done' so lange die letzte"
#~ msgid "`while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero."
#~ msgstr "Kommando `while KOMMANDOS' einen Rückkehrstatus Null liefert."
# until
#~ msgid "`until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Kommando in `until KOMMANDOS' einen Rückkehrstatus ungleich Null liefert."
+#~ msgstr "Kommando in `until KOMMANDOS' einen Rückkehrstatus ungleich Null liefert."
# function
#~ msgid "Create a simple command invoked by NAME which runs COMMANDS."
# grouping_braces
#~ msgid "Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Führt Kommandos in einer Gruppe aus. Das ist eine Möglichkeit die "
-#~ "Ausgabe von"
+#~ msgstr "Führt Kommandos in einer Gruppe aus. Das ist eine Möglichkeit die Ausgabe von"
#~ msgid "entire set of commands."
#~ msgstr "einer Gruppe Kommandos umzuleiten."
# fg_percent
#~ msgid "This is similar to the `fg' command. Resume a stopped or background"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Ist ähnlich dem `fg' Kommando. Nimmt einen angehaltenen oder hintergrund "
-#~ "Job"
+#~ msgstr "Ist ähnlich dem `fg' Kommando. Nimmt einen angehaltenen oder hintergrund Job"
#~ msgid "job. If you specifiy DIGITS, then that job is used. If you specify"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "wieder auf. Wenn eine Jobnummer angegeben ist, dann wird dieser "
-#~ "aufgenommen."
+#~ msgstr "wieder auf. Wenn eine Jobnummer angegeben ist, dann wird dieser aufgenommen."
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "WORD, then the job whose name begins with WORD is used. Following the"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Wenn eine Zeichenkette angegeben ist, dann wird der Job der mit diesen "
-#~ "Zeichen"
+#~ msgid "WORD, then the job whose name begins with WORD is used. Following the"
+#~ msgstr "Wenn eine Zeichenkette angegeben ist, dann wird der Job der mit diesen Zeichen"
#~ msgid "job specification with a `&' places the job in the background."
#~ msgstr "beginnt wieder aufgenommen. `&' bringt den Job in den Hintergrund."
-
-# variable_help
-#~ msgid "BASH_VERSION The version numbers of this Bash."
-#~ msgstr "BASH_VERSION Versionsnummer der Bash."
-
-#~ msgid "CDPATH A colon separated list of directories to search"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "CDPATH Eine durch Doppelpunkt getrennte Liste von "
-#~ "Verzeichnissen, die"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\twhen the argument to `cd' is not found in the current"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tdurchsucht werden, wenn das Argument von `cd' nicht im"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tdirectory."
-#~ msgstr "\t\taktuellen Verzeichnis gefunden wird."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "HISTFILE The name of the file where your command history is stored."
-#~ msgstr "HISTFILE Datei, die den Kommandozeilenspeicher enthält. "
-
-#~ msgid "HISTFILESIZE The maximum number of lines this file can contain."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "HISTFILESIZE Maximale Zeilenanzahl, die diese Datei enthalten darf."
-
-#~ msgid "HISTSIZE The maximum number of history lines that a running"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "HISTSIZE Maximale Anzahl von Zeilen, auf die der Historymechanismus"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tshell can access."
-#~ msgstr "\t\tder Shell zurückgreifen kann."
-
-#~ msgid "HOME The complete pathname to your login directory."
-#~ msgstr "HOME Heimatverzeichnis des aktuellen Benutzers."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "HOSTTYPE The type of CPU this version of Bash is running under."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "HOSTTYPE CPU-Typ des Rechners, auf dem die Bash gegenwärtig läuft."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "IGNOREEOF Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "IGNOREEOF Legt die Reaktion der Shell auf ein EOF-Zeichen fest."
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tcharacter as the sole input. If set, then the value"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tWenn die Variable eine ganze Zahl enthält, wird diese Anzahl"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tof it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tEOF Zeichen (Ctrl-D) abgewartet, bis die Shell verlassen wird."
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tin a row on an empty line before the shell will exit"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tDer Vorgabewert ist 10. Ist IGNOREEOF nicht gesetzt,"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\t(default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input."
-#~ msgstr "\t\tsignalisiert EOF das Ende der Eingabe."
-
-#~ msgid "MAILCHECK\tHow often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "MAILCHECK\tZeitintervall [s], in dem nach angekommener Post gesucht wird."
-
-#~ msgid "MAILPATH\tA colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "MAILPATH\tEine durch Doppelpunkt getrennte Liste von Dateien, die nach"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tfor new mail."
-#~ msgstr "\t\tneu angekommener Post durchsucht werden."
-
-#~ msgid "OSTYPE\t\tThe version of Unix this version of Bash is running on."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "OSTYPE\t\tBetriebssystemversion, auf der die Bash gegenwärtig läuft."
-
-#~ msgid "PATH A colon-separated list of directories to search when"
-#~ msgstr "PATH\t\tDurch Doppelpunkt getrennte Liste von Verzeichnissen, die "
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tlooking for commands."
-#~ msgstr "\t\tnach Kommandos durchsucht werden."
-
-#~ msgid "PROMPT_COMMAND A command to be executed before the printing of each"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "PROMPT_COMMAND Kommando, das vor der Anzeige einer primären "
-#~ "Eingabeaufforderung"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tprimary prompt."
-#~ msgstr "\t\t(PS1) ausgeführt wird."
-
-#~ msgid "PS1 The primary prompt string."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "PS1 Zeichenkette, die die primäre Eingabeaufforderung enthält."
-
-#~ msgid "PS2 The secondary prompt string."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "PS2 Zeichenkette, die die sekundäre Eingabeaufforderung "
-#~ "enthält."
-
-#~ msgid "TERM The name of the current terminal type."
-#~ msgstr "TERM Name des aktuellen Terminaltyps."
-
-#~ msgid "auto_resume Non-null means a command word appearing on a line by"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "auto_resume Ein Wert ungleich Null bewirkt, daß ein einzelnes "
-#~ "Kommando auf"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\titself is first looked for in the list of currently"
-#~ msgstr "\t\teiner Zeile zunächst in der Liste gegenwärtig gestoppter Jobs"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tstopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded."
-#~ msgstr "\t\tgesucht und dieser in den Vordergrund geholt wird. `exact'"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tA value of `exact' means that the command word must"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tbewirkt, daß das Kommando genau dem Kommando in der"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\texactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tListe der gestoppten Jobs entsprechen muß. Wenn die Variable"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tvalue of `substring' means that the command word must"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tden Wert `substring' enthält, muß das Kommando einem Substring"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tmatch a substring of the job. Any other value means that"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tder Jobbezeichnung entsprechen. Bei einem anderen Wert müssen"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tthe command must be a prefix of a stopped job."
-#~ msgstr "\t\tdie ersten Zeichen übereinstimmen."
-
-#~ msgid "command_oriented_history"
-#~ msgstr "command_oriented_history"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ " Non-null means to save multiple-line commands together on"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tMehrzeilige Kommandos werden im Kommandozeilenspeicher in einer"
-
-#~ msgid " a single history line."
-#~ msgstr "\t\tZeile abgelegt, wenn die Variable ungleich Null gesetzt ist."
-
-#~ msgid "histchars Characters controlling history expansion and quick"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "histchars Zeichen, die die Befehlswiederholung und die "
-#~ "Schnellersetzung"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tsubstitution. The first character is the history"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tsteuern. An erster Stelle steht das Befehlswiederholungszeichen"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tsubstitution character, usually `!'. The second is"
-#~ msgstr "\t\t(normalerweise `!'); an zweiter das `Schnell-Ersetzen-Zeichen'"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tthe `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The"
-#~ msgstr "\t\t(normalerweise `^'). Das dritte Zeichen ist das"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tthird is the `history comment' character, usually `#'."
-#~ msgstr "\t\t`Kommentarzeichen' (normalerweise `#')."
-
-#~ msgid "HISTCONTROL\tSet to a value of `ignorespace', it means don't enter"
-#~ msgstr "HISTCONTROL\tGesetzt auf `ignorespace' werden keine mit einem"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tlines which begin with a space or tab on the history"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "\t\tLeerzeichen oder Tabulator beginnenden Zeilen im Kommandospeicher"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tlist. Set to a value of `ignoredups', it means don't"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tabgelegt. Der Wert `ignoredups' verhindert das Speichern"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tenter lines which match the last entered line. Set to"
-#~ msgstr "\t\taufeinanderfolgender identischer Zeilen. `ignoreboth'"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\t`ignoreboth' means to combine the two options. Unset,"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tkombiniert beide Einstellungen. Wenn die Variable"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tor set to any other value than those above means to save"
-#~ msgstr "\t\tnicht oder auf einen anderen Wert gesetzt ist, werden alle"
-
-#~ msgid "\t\tall lines on the history list."
-#~ msgstr "\t\teingegebenen Zeilen im Kommandospeicher abgelegt."
-
-# pushd
-#~ msgid "Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Legt ein Verzeichnisnamen auf den Verzeichnisstapel oder rotiert diesen "
-#~ "so,"
-
-# Gibt's denn auch andere als "aktuelle" Arbeitsverzeichnisse?
-# "Arbeit" impliziert .m.E. "aktuell"
-# ck
-#~ msgid "the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working"
-#~ msgstr "daß das Arbeitsverzeichnis auf der Spitze des Stapels liegt. Ohne"
-
-#~ msgid "directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Argumente werden die obersten zwei Verzeichnisse auf dem Stapel "
-#~ "vertauscht."
-
-#~ msgid "+N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "+N\tRotiert den Stapel so, daß das N'te Verzeichnis (angezeigt von `dirs',"
-
-#~ msgid "\tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs') is at the top."
-#~ msgstr "gezählt von links) sich an der Spitze des Stapels befindet."
-
-#~ msgid "-N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "-N\tRotiert den Stapel so, daß das N'te Verzeichnis (angezeigt von `dirs',"
-
-#~ msgid "\tfrom the right) is at the top."
-#~ msgstr "gezählt von rechts) sich an der Spitze des Stapels befindet."
-
-#~ msgid "-n\tsuppress the normal change of directory when adding directories"
-#~ msgstr "-n\tunterdrückt das Wechseln in das Verzeichnis beim Hinzufügen zum"
-
-#~ msgid "\tto the stack, so only the stack is manipulated."
-#~ msgstr "\tStapel, so daß nur der Stapel verändert wird."
-
-#~ msgid "dir\tadds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the"
-#~ msgstr "DIR\tLegt DIR auf die Spitze des Verzeichnisstapels und wechselt"
-
-#~ msgid "You can see the directory stack with the `dirs' command."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Der Verzeichnisstapel kann mit dem Kommando `dirs' angezeigt werden."
-
-# pushd
-#~ msgid "Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Entfernt Einträge vom Verzeichnisstapel. Ohne Argumente wird die Spitze "
-#~ "des"
-
-#~ msgid "removes the top directory from the stack, and cd's to the new"
-#~ msgstr "Stapels entfernt und in das Verzeichnis gewechselt, das dann an der"
-
-#~ msgid "+N\tremoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "+N\tEntfernt den N'ten Eintrag vom Stapel, gezählt von Null von der "
-#~ "Liste,"
-
-#~ msgid "\tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'"
-#~ msgstr "\tdie `dirs' anzeigt. Beispielsweise entfernen `popd +0' das"
-
-#~ msgid "\tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second."
-#~ msgstr "\terste Verzeichnis und `popd +1' das zweite."
-
-#~ msgid "-N\tremoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "-N\tEntfernt den N'ten Eintrag vom Stapel, beginend rechts bei Null in der"
-
-#~ msgid "\tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'"
-#~ msgstr "\tListe, die `dirs' angeigt. Beispielsweise entfernen `popd -0'"
-
-#~ msgid "\tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last."
-#~ msgstr "\tdas letzte Verzeichnis und `popd -1' das vorletzte."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "-n\tsuppress the normal change of directory when removing directories"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "-n\tVerhindert das Wechseln des Arbeitsverzeichnisses wenn Verzeichnisse"
-
-#~ msgid "\tfrom the stack, so only the stack is manipulated."
-#~ msgstr "\tvom Stapel entfernt werden, so daß nur der Stapel verändert wird."
}
#ifdef DEBUG
+void
+debug_print_word_list (s, list, sep)
+ char *s;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *sep;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *w;
+
+ if (s)
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", s);
+ for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s%s", w->word->word, w->next ? sep : "");
+ fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+
void
debug_print_cond_command (cond)
COND_COM *cond;
--- /dev/null
+/* print_command -- A way to make readable commands from a command tree. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# ifdef _MINIX
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# endif
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+# include <stdarg.h>
+#else
+# include <varargs.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include <y.tab.h> /* use <...> so we pick it up from the build directory */
+
+#include "shmbutil.h"
+
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+
+#if !HAVE_DECL_PRINTF
+extern int printf __P((const char *, ...)); /* Yuck. Double yuck. */
+#endif
+
+extern int indirection_level;
+
+static int indentation;
+static int indentation_amount = 4;
+
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+typedef void PFUNC __P((const char *, ...));
+
+static void cprintf __P((const char *, ...)) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 1, 2)));
+static void xprintf __P((const char *, ...)) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 1, 2)));
+#else
+#define PFUNC VFunction
+static void cprintf ();
+static void xprintf ();
+#endif
+
+static void reset_locals __P((void));
+static void newline __P((char *));
+static void indent __P((int));
+static void semicolon __P((void));
+static void the_printed_command_resize __P((int));
+
+static void make_command_string_internal __P((COMMAND *));
+static void _print_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, char *, PFUNC *));
+static void command_print_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, char *));
+static void print_case_clauses __P((PATTERN_LIST *));
+static void print_redirection_list __P((REDIRECT *));
+static void print_redirection __P((REDIRECT *));
+static void print_heredoc_header __P((REDIRECT *));
+static void print_heredoc_body __P((REDIRECT *));
+static void print_heredocs __P((REDIRECT *));
+static void print_deferred_heredocs __P((const char *));
+
+static void print_for_command __P((FOR_COM *));
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+static void print_arith_for_command __P((ARITH_FOR_COM *));
+#endif
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+static void print_select_command __P((SELECT_COM *));
+#endif
+static void print_group_command __P((GROUP_COM *));
+static void print_case_command __P((CASE_COM *));
+static void print_while_command __P((WHILE_COM *));
+static void print_until_command __P((WHILE_COM *));
+static void print_until_or_while __P((WHILE_COM *, char *));
+static void print_if_command __P((IF_COM *));
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void print_cond_node __P((COND_COM *));
+#endif
+static void print_function_def __P((FUNCTION_DEF *));
+
+#define PRINTED_COMMAND_INITIAL_SIZE 64
+#define PRINTED_COMMAND_GROW_SIZE 128
+
+char *the_printed_command = (char *)NULL;
+int the_printed_command_size = 0;
+int command_string_index = 0;
+
+int xtrace_fd = -1;
+FILE *xtrace_fp = 0;
+
+#define CHECK_XTRACE_FP xtrace_fp = (xtrace_fp ? xtrace_fp : stderr)
+
+/* shell expansion characters: used in print_redirection_list */
+#define EXPCHAR(c) ((c) == '{' || (c) == '~' || (c) == '$' || (c) == '`')
+
+#define PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS(x) \
+ do { \
+ if (deferred_heredocs) \
+ print_deferred_heredocs (x); \
+ } while (0)
+
+/* Non-zero means the stuff being printed is inside of a function def. */
+static int inside_function_def;
+static int skip_this_indent;
+static int was_heredoc;
+static int printing_connection;
+static REDIRECT *deferred_heredocs;
+
+/* The depth of the group commands that we are currently printing. This
+ includes the group command that is a function body. */
+static int group_command_nesting;
+
+/* A buffer to indicate the indirection level (PS4) when set -x is enabled. */
+static char *indirection_string = 0;
+static int indirection_stringsiz = 0;
+
+/* Print COMMAND (a command tree) on standard output. */
+void
+print_command (command)
+ COMMAND *command;
+{
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ printf ("%s", make_command_string (command));
+}
+
+/* Make a string which is the printed representation of the command
+ tree in COMMAND. We return this string. However, the string is
+ not consed, so you have to do that yourself if you want it to
+ remain around. */
+char *
+make_command_string (command)
+ COMMAND *command;
+{
+ command_string_index = was_heredoc = 0;
+ deferred_heredocs = 0;
+ make_command_string_internal (command);
+ return (the_printed_command);
+}
+
+/* The internal function. This is the real workhorse. */
+static void
+make_command_string_internal (command)
+ COMMAND *command;
+{
+ char s[3];
+
+ if (command == 0)
+ cprintf ("");
+ else
+ {
+ if (skip_this_indent)
+ skip_this_indent--;
+ else
+ indent (indentation);
+
+ if (command->flags & CMD_TIME_PIPELINE)
+ {
+ cprintf ("time ");
+ if (command->flags & CMD_TIME_POSIX)
+ cprintf ("-p ");
+ }
+
+ if (command->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN)
+ cprintf ("! ");
+
+ switch (command->type)
+ {
+ case cm_for:
+ print_for_command (command->value.For);
+ break;
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ case cm_arith_for:
+ print_arith_for_command (command->value.ArithFor);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ case cm_select:
+ print_select_command (command->value.Select);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+ case cm_case:
+ print_case_command (command->value.Case);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_while:
+ print_while_command (command->value.While);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_until:
+ print_until_command (command->value.While);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_if:
+ print_if_command (command->value.If);
+ break;
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ case cm_arith:
+ print_arith_command (command->value.Arith->exp);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ case cm_cond:
+ print_cond_command (command->value.Cond);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+ case cm_simple:
+ print_simple_command (command->value.Simple);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_connection:
+
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ printing_connection++;
+ make_command_string_internal (command->value.Connection->first);
+
+ switch (command->value.Connection->connector)
+ {
+ case '&':
+ case '|':
+ {
+ char c = command->value.Connection->connector;
+
+ s[0] = ' ';
+ s[1] = c;
+ s[2] = '\0';
+
+ print_deferred_heredocs (s);
+
+ if (c != '&' || command->value.Connection->second)
+ {
+ cprintf (" ");
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case AND_AND:
+ print_deferred_heredocs (" && ");
+ if (command->value.Connection->second)
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ break;
+
+ case OR_OR:
+ print_deferred_heredocs (" || ");
+ if (command->value.Connection->second)
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ break;
+
+ case ';':
+ if (deferred_heredocs == 0)
+ {
+ if (was_heredoc == 0)
+ cprintf (";");
+ else
+ was_heredoc = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ print_deferred_heredocs (inside_function_def ? "" : ";");
+
+ if (inside_function_def)
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ else
+ {
+ cprintf (" ");
+ if (command->value.Connection->second)
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ cprintf (_("print_command: bad connector `%d'"),
+ command->value.Connection->connector);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ make_command_string_internal (command->value.Connection->second);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ printing_connection--;
+ break;
+
+ case cm_function_def:
+ print_function_def (command->value.Function_def);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_group:
+ print_group_command (command->value.Group);
+ break;
+
+ case cm_subshell:
+ cprintf ("( ");
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ make_command_string_internal (command->value.Subshell->command);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ cprintf (" )");
+ break;
+
+ case cm_coproc:
+ cprintf ("coproc %s ", command->value.Coproc->name);
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ make_command_string_internal (command->value.Coproc->command);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ command_error ("print_command", CMDERR_BADTYPE, command->type, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+
+
+ if (command->redirects)
+ {
+ cprintf (" ");
+ print_redirection_list (command->redirects);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+_print_word_list (list, separator, pfunc)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *separator;
+ PFUNC *pfunc;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *w;
+
+ for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+ (*pfunc) ("%s%s", w->word->word, w->next ? separator : "");
+}
+
+void
+print_word_list (list, separator)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *separator;
+{
+ _print_word_list (list, separator, xprintf);
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_set (fd, fp)
+ int fd;
+ FILE *fp;
+{
+ if (fd >= 0 && sh_validfd (fd) == 0)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"), fd);
+ return;
+ }
+ if (fp == 0)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("xtrace_set: NULL file pointer"));
+ return;
+ }
+ if (fd >= 0 && fileno (fp) != fd)
+ internal_warning (_("xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"), fd, fileno (fp));
+
+ xtrace_fd = fd;
+ xtrace_fp = fp;
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_init ()
+{
+ xtrace_set (-1, stderr);
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_reset ()
+{
+ if (xtrace_fd >= 0 && xtrace_fp)
+ {
+ fflush (xtrace_fp);
+ fclose (xtrace_fp);
+ }
+ else if (xtrace_fd >= 0)
+ close (xtrace_fd);
+
+ xtrace_fd = -1;
+ xtrace_fp = stderr;
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_fdchk (fd)
+ int fd;
+{
+ if (fd == xtrace_fd)
+ xtrace_reset ();
+}
+
+/* Return a string denoting what our indirection level is. */
+
+char *
+indirection_level_string ()
+{
+ register int i, j;
+ char *ps4;
+ char ps4_firstc[MB_LEN_MAX+1];
+ int ps4_firstc_len, ps4_len, ineed, old;
+
+ ps4 = get_string_value ("PS4");
+ if (indirection_string == 0)
+ indirection_string = xmalloc (indirection_stringsiz = 100);
+ indirection_string[0] = '\0';
+
+ if (ps4 == 0 || *ps4 == '\0')
+ return (indirection_string);
+
+ old = change_flag ('x', FLAG_OFF);
+ ps4 = decode_prompt_string (ps4);
+ if (old)
+ change_flag ('x', FLAG_ON);
+
+ if (ps4 == 0 || *ps4 == '\0')
+ return (indirection_string);
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ ps4_len = strnlen (ps4, MB_CUR_MAX);
+ ps4_firstc_len = MBLEN (ps4, ps4_len);
+ if (ps4_firstc_len == 1 || ps4_firstc_len == 0 || ps4_firstc_len < 0)
+ {
+ ps4_firstc[0] = ps4[0];
+ ps4_firstc[ps4_firstc_len = 1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ memcpy (ps4_firstc, ps4, ps4_firstc_len);
+#else
+ ps4_firstc[0] = ps4[0];
+ ps4_firstc[ps4_firstc_len = 1] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+ /* Dynamically resize indirection_string so we have room for everything
+ and we don't have to truncate ps4 */
+ ineed = (ps4_firstc_len * indirection_level) + strlen (ps4);
+ if (ineed > indirection_stringsiz - 1)
+ {
+ indirection_stringsiz = ineed + 1;
+ indirection_string = xrealloc (indirection_string, indirection_stringsiz);
+ }
+
+ for (i = j = 0; ps4_firstc[0] && j < indirection_level && i < indirection_stringsiz - 1; i += ps4_firstc_len, j++)
+ {
+ if (ps4_firstc_len == 1)
+ indirection_string[i] = ps4_firstc[0];
+ else
+ memcpy (indirection_string+i, ps4_firstc, ps4_firstc_len);
+ }
+
+ for (j = ps4_firstc_len; *ps4 && ps4[j] && i < indirection_stringsiz - 1; i++, j++)
+ indirection_string[i] = ps4[j];
+
+ indirection_string[i] = '\0';
+ free (ps4);
+ return (indirection_string);
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_print_assignment (name, value, assign_list, xflags)
+ char *name, *value;
+ int assign_list, xflags;
+{
+ char *nval;
+
+ CHECK_XTRACE_FP;
+
+ if (xflags)
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", indirection_level_string ());
+
+ /* VALUE should not be NULL when this is called. */
+ if (*value == '\0' || assign_list)
+ nval = value;
+ else if (sh_contains_shell_metas (value))
+ nval = sh_single_quote (value);
+ else if (ansic_shouldquote (value))
+ nval = ansic_quote (value, 0, (int *)0);
+ else
+ nval = value;
+
+ if (assign_list)
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s=(%s)\n", name, nval);
+ else
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s=%s\n", name, nval);
+
+ if (nval != value)
+ FREE (nval);
+
+ fflush (xtrace_fp);
+}
+
+/* A function to print the words of a simple command when set -x is on. */
+void
+xtrace_print_word_list (list, xtflags)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int xtflags;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *w;
+ char *t, *x;
+
+ CHECK_XTRACE_FP;
+
+ if (xtflags)
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", indirection_level_string ());
+
+ for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+ {
+ t = w->word->word;
+ if (t == 0 || *t == '\0')
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "''%s", w->next ? " " : "");
+ else if (sh_contains_shell_metas (t))
+ {
+ x = sh_single_quote (t);
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s%s", x, w->next ? " " : "");
+ free (x);
+ }
+ else if (ansic_shouldquote (t))
+ {
+ x = ansic_quote (t, 0, (int *)0);
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s%s", x, w->next ? " " : "");
+ free (x);
+ }
+ else
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s%s", t, w->next ? " " : "");
+ }
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "\n");
+ fflush (xtrace_fp);
+}
+
+static void
+command_print_word_list (list, separator)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *separator;
+{
+ _print_word_list (list, separator, cprintf);
+}
+
+void
+print_for_command_head (for_command)
+ FOR_COM *for_command;
+{
+ cprintf ("for %s in ", for_command->name->word);
+ command_print_word_list (for_command->map_list, " ");
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_print_for_command_head (for_command)
+ FOR_COM *for_command;
+{
+ CHECK_XTRACE_FP;
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", indirection_level_string ());
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "for %s in ", for_command->name->word);
+ xtrace_print_word_list (for_command->map_list, 0);
+}
+
+static void
+print_for_command (for_command)
+ FOR_COM *for_command;
+{
+ print_for_command_head (for_command);
+ cprintf (";");
+ newline ("do\n");
+
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ make_command_string_internal (for_command->action);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ semicolon ();
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+
+ newline ("done");
+}
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+static void
+print_arith_for_command (arith_for_command)
+ ARITH_FOR_COM *arith_for_command;
+{
+ cprintf ("for ((");
+ command_print_word_list (arith_for_command->init, " ");
+ cprintf ("; ");
+ command_print_word_list (arith_for_command->test, " ");
+ cprintf ("; ");
+ command_print_word_list (arith_for_command->step, " ");
+ cprintf ("))");
+ newline ("do\n");
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ make_command_string_internal (arith_for_command->action);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ semicolon ();
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+ newline ("done");
+}
+#endif /* ARITH_FOR_COMMAND */
+
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+void
+print_select_command_head (select_command)
+ SELECT_COM *select_command;
+{
+ cprintf ("select %s in ", select_command->name->word);
+ command_print_word_list (select_command->map_list, " ");
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_print_select_command_head (select_command)
+ SELECT_COM *select_command;
+{
+ CHECK_XTRACE_FP;
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", indirection_level_string ());
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "select %s in ", select_command->name->word);
+ xtrace_print_word_list (select_command->map_list, 0);
+}
+
+static void
+print_select_command (select_command)
+ SELECT_COM *select_command;
+{
+ print_select_command_head (select_command);
+
+ cprintf (";");
+ newline ("do\n");
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ make_command_string_internal (select_command->action);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ semicolon ();
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+ newline ("done");
+}
+#endif /* SELECT_COMMAND */
+
+static void
+print_group_command (group_command)
+ GROUP_COM *group_command;
+{
+ group_command_nesting++;
+ cprintf ("{ ");
+
+ if (inside_function_def == 0)
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ else
+ {
+ /* This is a group command { ... } inside of a function
+ definition, and should be printed as a multiline group
+ command, using the current indentation. */
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ }
+
+ make_command_string_internal (group_command->command);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+
+ if (inside_function_def)
+ {
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+ indent (indentation);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ semicolon ();
+ cprintf (" ");
+ }
+
+ cprintf ("}");
+
+ group_command_nesting--;
+}
+
+void
+print_case_command_head (case_command)
+ CASE_COM *case_command;
+{
+ cprintf ("case %s in ", case_command->word->word);
+}
+
+void
+xtrace_print_case_command_head (case_command)
+ CASE_COM *case_command;
+{
+ CHECK_XTRACE_FP;
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", indirection_level_string ());
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "case %s in\n", case_command->word->word);
+}
+
+static void
+print_case_command (case_command)
+ CASE_COM *case_command;
+{
+ print_case_command_head (case_command);
+
+ if (case_command->clauses)
+ print_case_clauses (case_command->clauses);
+ newline ("esac");
+}
+
+static void
+print_case_clauses (clauses)
+ PATTERN_LIST *clauses;
+{
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ while (clauses)
+ {
+ newline ("");
+ command_print_word_list (clauses->patterns, " | ");
+ cprintf (")\n");
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ make_command_string_internal (clauses->action);
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ if (clauses->flags & CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH)
+ newline (";&");
+ else if (clauses->flags & CASEPAT_TESTNEXT)
+ newline (";;&");
+ else
+ newline (";;");
+ clauses = clauses->next;
+ }
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+}
+
+static void
+print_while_command (while_command)
+ WHILE_COM *while_command;
+{
+ print_until_or_while (while_command, "while");
+}
+
+static void
+print_until_command (while_command)
+ WHILE_COM *while_command;
+{
+ print_until_or_while (while_command, "until");
+}
+
+static void
+print_until_or_while (while_command, which)
+ WHILE_COM *while_command;
+ char *which;
+{
+ cprintf ("%s ", which);
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ make_command_string_internal (while_command->test);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ semicolon ();
+ cprintf (" do\n"); /* was newline ("do\n"); */
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ make_command_string_internal (while_command->action);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+ semicolon ();
+ newline ("done");
+}
+
+static void
+print_if_command (if_command)
+ IF_COM *if_command;
+{
+ cprintf ("if ");
+ skip_this_indent++;
+ make_command_string_internal (if_command->test);
+ semicolon ();
+ cprintf (" then\n");
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ make_command_string_internal (if_command->true_case);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+
+ if (if_command->false_case)
+ {
+ semicolon ();
+ newline ("else\n");
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ make_command_string_internal (if_command->false_case);
+ PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS ("");
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+ }
+ semicolon ();
+ newline ("fi");
+}
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+void
+print_arith_command (arith_cmd_list)
+ WORD_LIST *arith_cmd_list;
+{
+ cprintf ("((");
+ command_print_word_list (arith_cmd_list, " ");
+ cprintf ("))");
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void
+print_cond_node (cond)
+ COND_COM *cond;
+{
+ if (cond->flags & CMD_INVERT_RETURN)
+ cprintf ("! ");
+
+ if (cond->type == COND_EXPR)
+ {
+ cprintf ("( ");
+ print_cond_node (cond->left);
+ cprintf (" )");
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_AND)
+ {
+ print_cond_node (cond->left);
+ cprintf (" && ");
+ print_cond_node (cond->right);
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_OR)
+ {
+ print_cond_node (cond->left);
+ cprintf (" || ");
+ print_cond_node (cond->right);
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_UNARY)
+ {
+ cprintf ("%s", cond->op->word);
+ cprintf (" ");
+ print_cond_node (cond->left);
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_BINARY)
+ {
+ print_cond_node (cond->left);
+ cprintf (" ");
+ cprintf ("%s", cond->op->word);
+ cprintf (" ");
+ print_cond_node (cond->right);
+ }
+ else if (cond->type == COND_TERM)
+ {
+ cprintf ("%s", cond->op->word); /* need to add quoting here */
+ }
+}
+
+void
+print_cond_command (cond)
+ COND_COM *cond;
+{
+ cprintf ("[[ ");
+ print_cond_node (cond);
+ cprintf (" ]]");
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void
+debug_print_word_list (s, list, sep)
+ char *s;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *sep;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *w;
+
+ if (s)
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: ");
+ for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s%s", w->word->word, w->next ? sep : "");
+ fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+void
+debug_print_cond_command (cond)
+ COND_COM *cond;
+{
+ fprintf (stderr, "DEBUG: ");
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ print_cond_command (cond);
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", the_printed_command);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+xtrace_print_cond_term (type, invert, op, arg1, arg2)
+ int type, invert;
+ WORD_DESC *op;
+ char *arg1, *arg2;
+{
+ CHECK_XTRACE_FP;
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", indirection_level_string ());
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "[[ ");
+ if (invert)
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "! ");
+
+ if (type == COND_UNARY)
+ {
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s ", op->word);
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", (arg1 && *arg1) ? arg1 : "''");
+ }
+ else if (type == COND_BINARY)
+ {
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", (arg1 && *arg1) ? arg1 : "''");
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, " %s ", op->word);
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", (arg2 && *arg2) ? arg2 : "''");
+ }
+
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, " ]]\n");
+
+ fflush (xtrace_fp);
+}
+#endif /* COND_COMMAND */
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+/* A function to print the words of an arithmetic command when set -x is on. */
+void
+xtrace_print_arith_cmd (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *w;
+
+ CHECK_XTRACE_FP;
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s", indirection_level_string ());
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "(( ");
+ for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, "%s%s", w->word->word, w->next ? " " : "");
+ fprintf (xtrace_fp, " ))\n");
+
+ fflush (xtrace_fp);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+print_simple_command (simple_command)
+ SIMPLE_COM *simple_command;
+{
+ command_print_word_list (simple_command->words, " ");
+
+ if (simple_command->redirects)
+ {
+ cprintf (" ");
+ print_redirection_list (simple_command->redirects);
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+print_heredocs (heredocs)
+ REDIRECT *heredocs;
+{
+ REDIRECT *hdtail;
+
+ cprintf (" ");
+ for (hdtail = heredocs; hdtail; hdtail = hdtail->next)
+ {
+ print_redirection (hdtail);
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ }
+ was_heredoc = 1;
+}
+
+/* Print heredocs that are attached to the command before the connector
+ represented by CSTRING. The parsing semantics require us to print the
+ here-doc delimiters, then the connector (CSTRING), then the here-doc
+ bodies. We don't print the connector if it's a `;', but we use it to
+ note not to print an extra space after the last heredoc body and
+ newline. */
+static void
+print_deferred_heredocs (cstring)
+ const char *cstring;
+{
+ REDIRECT *hdtail;
+
+ for (hdtail = deferred_heredocs; hdtail; hdtail = hdtail->next)
+ {
+ cprintf (" ");
+ print_heredoc_header (hdtail);
+ }
+ if (cstring && cstring[0] && (cstring[0] != ';' || cstring[1]))
+ cprintf ("%s", cstring);
+ if (deferred_heredocs)
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ for (hdtail = deferred_heredocs; hdtail; hdtail = hdtail->next)
+ {
+ print_heredoc_body (hdtail);
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ }
+ if (deferred_heredocs)
+ {
+ if (cstring && cstring[0] && (cstring[0] != ';' || cstring[1]))
+ cprintf (" "); /* make sure there's at least one space */
+ dispose_redirects (deferred_heredocs);
+ was_heredoc = 1;
+ }
+ deferred_heredocs = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+print_redirection_list (redirects)
+ REDIRECT *redirects;
+{
+ REDIRECT *heredocs, *hdtail, *newredir;
+ char *rw;
+
+ heredocs = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ hdtail = heredocs;
+
+ was_heredoc = 0;
+ while (redirects)
+ {
+ /* Defer printing the here documents until we've printed the
+ rest of the redirections. */
+ if (redirects->instruction == r_reading_until || redirects->instruction == r_deblank_reading_until)
+ {
+ newredir = copy_redirect (redirects);
+ newredir->next = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ if (heredocs)
+ {
+ hdtail->next = newredir;
+ hdtail = newredir;
+ }
+ else
+ hdtail = heredocs = newredir;
+ }
+ else if (redirects->instruction == r_duplicating_output_word && (redirects->flags & REDIR_VARASSIGN) == 0 && redirects->redirector.dest == 1)
+ {
+ /* Temporarily translate it as the execution code does. */
+ rw = redirects->redirectee.filename->word;
+ if (rw && *rw != '-' && DIGIT (*rw) == 0 && EXPCHAR (*rw) == 0)
+ redirects->instruction = r_err_and_out;
+ print_redirection (redirects);
+ redirects->instruction = r_duplicating_output_word;
+ }
+ else
+ print_redirection (redirects);
+
+ redirects = redirects->next;
+ if (redirects)
+ cprintf (" ");
+ }
+
+ /* Now that we've printed all the other redirections (on one line),
+ print the here documents. */
+ if (heredocs && printing_connection)
+ deferred_heredocs = heredocs;
+ else if (heredocs)
+ {
+ print_heredocs (heredocs);
+ dispose_redirects (heredocs);
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+print_heredoc_header (redirect)
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+{
+ int kill_leading;
+ char *x;
+
+ kill_leading = redirect->instruction == r_deblank_reading_until;
+
+ /* Here doc header */
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}", redirect->redirector.filename->word);
+ else if (redirect->redirector.dest != 0)
+ cprintf ("%d", redirect->redirector.dest);
+
+ /* If the here document delimiter is quoted, single-quote it. */
+ if (redirect->redirectee.filename->flags & W_QUOTED)
+ {
+ x = sh_single_quote (redirect->here_doc_eof);
+ cprintf ("<<%s%s", kill_leading ? "-" : "", x);
+ free (x);
+ }
+ else
+ cprintf ("<<%s%s", kill_leading ? "-" : "", redirect->here_doc_eof);
+}
+
+static void
+print_heredoc_body (redirect)
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+{
+ /* Here doc body */
+ cprintf ("%s%s", redirect->redirectee.filename->word, redirect->here_doc_eof);
+}
+
+static void
+print_redirection (redirect)
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+{
+ int redirector, redir_fd;
+ WORD_DESC *redirectee, *redir_word;
+
+ redirectee = redirect->redirectee.filename;
+ redir_fd = redirect->redirectee.dest;
+
+ redir_word = redirect->redirector.filename;
+ redirector = redirect->redirector.dest;
+
+ switch (redirect->instruction)
+ {
+ case r_input_direction:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}", redir_word->word);
+ else if (redirector != 0)
+ cprintf ("%d", redirector);
+ cprintf ("< %s", redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_output_direction:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}", redir_word->word);
+ else if (redirector != 1)
+ cprintf ("%d", redirector);
+ cprintf ("> %s", redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_inputa_direction: /* Redirection created by the shell. */
+ cprintf ("&");
+ break;
+
+ case r_output_force:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}", redir_word->word);
+ else if (redirector != 1)
+ cprintf ("%d", redirector);
+ cprintf (">|%s", redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_appending_to:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}", redir_word->word);
+ else if (redirector != 1)
+ cprintf ("%d", redirector);
+ cprintf (">> %s", redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_input_output:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}", redir_word->word);
+ else if (redirector != 1)
+ cprintf ("%d", redirector);
+ cprintf ("<> %s", redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_deblank_reading_until:
+ case r_reading_until:
+ print_heredoc_header (redirect);
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ print_heredoc_body (redirect);
+ break;
+
+ case r_reading_string:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}", redir_word->word);
+ else if (redirector != 0)
+ cprintf ("%d", redirector);
+#if 0
+ /* Don't need to check whether or not to requote, since original quotes
+ are still intact. The only thing that has happened is that $'...'
+ has been replaced with 'expanded ...'. */
+ if (ansic_shouldquote (redirect->redirectee.filename->word))
+ {
+ char *x;
+ x = ansic_quote (redirect->redirectee.filename->word, 0, (int *)0);
+ cprintf ("<<< %s", x);
+ free (x);
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ cprintf ("<<< %s", redirect->redirectee.filename->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_duplicating_input:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}<&%d", redir_word->word, redir_fd);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d<&%d", redirector, redir_fd);
+ break;
+
+ case r_duplicating_output:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}>&%d", redir_word->word, redir_fd);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d>&%d", redirector, redir_fd);
+ break;
+
+ case r_duplicating_input_word:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}<&%s", redir_word->word, redirectee->word);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d<&%s", redirector, redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_duplicating_output_word:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}>&%s", redir_word->word, redirectee->word);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d>&%s", redirector, redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_move_input:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}<&%d-", redir_word->word, redir_fd);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d<&%d-", redirector, redir_fd);
+ break;
+
+ case r_move_output:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}>&%d-", redir_word->word, redir_fd);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d>&%d-", redirector, redir_fd);
+ break;
+
+ case r_move_input_word:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}<&%s-", redir_word->word, redirectee->word);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d<&%s-", redirector, redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_move_output_word:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}>&%s-", redir_word->word, redirectee->word);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d>&%s-", redirector, redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_close_this:
+ if (redirect->rflags & REDIR_VARASSIGN)
+ cprintf ("{%s}>&-", redir_word->word);
+ else
+ cprintf ("%d>&-", redirector);
+ break;
+
+ case r_err_and_out:
+ cprintf ("&>%s", redirectee->word);
+ break;
+
+ case r_append_err_and_out:
+ cprintf ("&>>%s", redirectee->word);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+reset_locals ()
+{
+ inside_function_def = 0;
+ indentation = 0;
+ printing_connection = 0;
+ deferred_heredocs = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+print_function_def (func)
+ FUNCTION_DEF *func;
+{
+ COMMAND *cmdcopy;
+ REDIRECT *func_redirects;
+
+ func_redirects = NULL;
+ cprintf ("function %s () \n", func->name->word);
+ add_unwind_protect (reset_locals, 0);
+
+ indent (indentation);
+ cprintf ("{ \n");
+
+ inside_function_def++;
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+
+ cmdcopy = copy_command (func->command);
+ if (cmdcopy->type == cm_group)
+ {
+ func_redirects = cmdcopy->redirects;
+ cmdcopy->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+ make_command_string_internal (cmdcopy->type == cm_group
+ ? cmdcopy->value.Group->command
+ : cmdcopy);
+ /* XXX - PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS (""); ? */
+
+ remove_unwind_protect ();
+ indentation -= indentation_amount;
+ inside_function_def--;
+
+ if (func_redirects)
+ { /* { */
+ newline ("} ");
+ print_redirection_list (func_redirects);
+ cmdcopy->redirects = func_redirects;
+ }
+ else
+ newline ("}");
+
+ dispose_command (cmdcopy);
+}
+
+/* Return the string representation of the named function.
+ NAME is the name of the function.
+ COMMAND is the function body. It should be a GROUP_COM.
+ flags&FUNC_MULTILINE is non-zero to pretty-print, or zero for all on one line.
+ flags&FUNC_EXTERNAL means convert from internal to external form
+ */
+char *
+named_function_string (name, command, flags)
+ char *name;
+ COMMAND *command;
+ int flags;
+{
+ char *result;
+ int old_indent, old_amount;
+ COMMAND *cmdcopy;
+ REDIRECT *func_redirects;
+
+ old_indent = indentation;
+ old_amount = indentation_amount;
+ command_string_index = was_heredoc = 0;
+ deferred_heredocs = 0;
+
+ if (name && *name)
+ cprintf ("%s ", name);
+
+ cprintf ("() ");
+
+ if ((flags & FUNC_MULTILINE) == 0)
+ {
+ indentation = 1;
+ indentation_amount = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ indentation += indentation_amount;
+ }
+
+ inside_function_def++;
+
+ cprintf ((flags & FUNC_MULTILINE) ? "{ \n" : "{ ");
+
+ cmdcopy = copy_command (command);
+ /* Take any redirections specified in the function definition (which should
+ apply to the function as a whole) and save them for printing later. */
+ func_redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ if (cmdcopy->type == cm_group)
+ {
+ func_redirects = cmdcopy->redirects;
+ cmdcopy->redirects = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
+ }
+ make_command_string_internal (cmdcopy->type == cm_group
+ ? cmdcopy->value.Group->command
+ : cmdcopy);
+ /* XXX - PRINT_DEFERRED_HEREDOCS (""); ? */
+
+ indentation = old_indent;
+ indentation_amount = old_amount;
+ inside_function_def--;
+
+ if (func_redirects)
+ { /* { */
+ newline ("} ");
+ print_redirection_list (func_redirects);
+ cmdcopy->redirects = func_redirects;
+ }
+ else
+ newline ("}");
+
+ result = the_printed_command;
+
+ if ((flags & FUNC_MULTILINE) == 0)
+ {
+#if 0
+ register int i;
+ for (i = 0; result[i]; i++)
+ if (result[i] == '\n')
+ {
+ strcpy (result + i, result + i + 1);
+ --i;
+ }
+#else
+ if (result[2] == '\n') /* XXX -- experimental */
+ memmove (result + 2, result + 3, strlen (result) - 2);
+
+#endif
+ }
+
+ dispose_command (cmdcopy);
+
+ if (flags & FUNC_EXTERNAL)
+ result = remove_quoted_escapes (result);
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+static void
+newline (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ cprintf ("\n");
+ indent (indentation);
+ if (string && *string)
+ cprintf ("%s", string);
+}
+
+static char *indentation_string;
+static int indentation_size;
+
+static void
+indent (amount)
+ int amount;
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (indentation_string, 0, amount, indentation_size, 16);
+
+ for (i = 0; amount > 0; amount--)
+ indentation_string[i++] = ' ';
+ indentation_string[i] = '\0';
+ cprintf ("%s", indentation_string);
+}
+
+static void
+semicolon ()
+{
+ if (command_string_index > 0 &&
+ (the_printed_command[command_string_index - 1] == '&' ||
+ the_printed_command[command_string_index - 1] == '\n'))
+ return;
+ cprintf (";");
+}
+
+/* How to make the string. */
+static void
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+cprintf (const char *control, ...)
+#else
+cprintf (control, va_alist)
+ const char *control;
+ va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+ register const char *s;
+ char char_arg[2], *argp, intbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1];
+ int digit_arg, arg_len, c;
+ va_list args;
+
+ SH_VA_START (args, control);
+
+ arg_len = strlen (control);
+ the_printed_command_resize (arg_len + 1);
+
+ char_arg[1] = '\0';
+ s = control;
+ while (s && *s)
+ {
+ c = *s++;
+ argp = (char *)NULL;
+ if (c != '%' || !*s)
+ {
+ char_arg[0] = c;
+ argp = char_arg;
+ arg_len = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ c = *s++;
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '%':
+ char_arg[0] = c;
+ argp = char_arg;
+ arg_len = 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 's':
+ argp = va_arg (args, char *);
+ arg_len = strlen (argp);
+ break;
+
+ case 'd':
+ /* Represent an out-of-range file descriptor with an out-of-range
+ integer value. We can do this because the only use of `%d' in
+ the calls to cprintf is to output a file descriptor number for
+ a redirection. */
+ digit_arg = va_arg (args, int);
+ if (digit_arg < 0)
+ {
+ sprintf (intbuf, "%u", (unsigned)-1);
+ argp = intbuf;
+ }
+ else
+ argp = inttostr (digit_arg, intbuf, sizeof (intbuf));
+ arg_len = strlen (argp);
+ break;
+
+ case 'c':
+ char_arg[0] = va_arg (args, int);
+ argp = char_arg;
+ arg_len = 1;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ programming_error (_("cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"), c);
+ /*NOTREACHED*/
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (argp && arg_len)
+ {
+ the_printed_command_resize (arg_len + 1);
+ FASTCOPY (argp, the_printed_command + command_string_index, arg_len);
+ command_string_index += arg_len;
+ }
+ }
+
+ va_end (args);
+
+ the_printed_command[command_string_index] = '\0';
+}
+
+/* Ensure that there is enough space to stuff LENGTH characters into
+ THE_PRINTED_COMMAND. */
+static void
+the_printed_command_resize (length)
+ int length;
+{
+ if (the_printed_command == 0)
+ {
+ the_printed_command_size = (length + PRINTED_COMMAND_INITIAL_SIZE - 1) & ~(PRINTED_COMMAND_INITIAL_SIZE - 1);
+ the_printed_command = (char *)xmalloc (the_printed_command_size);
+ command_string_index = 0;
+ }
+ else if ((command_string_index + length) >= the_printed_command_size)
+ {
+ int new;
+ new = command_string_index + length + 1;
+
+ /* Round up to the next multiple of PRINTED_COMMAND_GROW_SIZE. */
+ new = (new + PRINTED_COMMAND_GROW_SIZE - 1) & ~(PRINTED_COMMAND_GROW_SIZE - 1);
+ the_printed_command_size = new;
+
+ the_printed_command = (char *)xrealloc (the_printed_command, the_printed_command_size);
+ }
+}
+
+#if defined (HAVE_VPRINTF)
+/* ``If vprintf is available, you may assume that vfprintf and vsprintf are
+ also available.'' */
+
+static void
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+xprintf (const char *format, ...)
+#else
+xprintf (format, va_alist)
+ const char *format;
+ va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+ va_list args;
+
+ SH_VA_START (args, format);
+
+ vfprintf (stdout, format, args);
+ va_end (args);
+}
+
+#else
+
+static void
+xprintf (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5)
+ const char *format;
+{
+ printf (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+}
+
+#endif /* !HAVE_VPRINTF */
len = end - start;
result = (char *)xmalloc (len + 1);
- strncpy (result, string + start, len);
+ memcpy (result, string + start, len);
result[len] = '\0';
return (result);
}
f &= ~W_ASSNBLTIN;
fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNBLTIN%s", f ? "|" : "");
}
+ if (f & W_ASSNGLOBAL)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ASSNGLOBAL;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNGLOBAL%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
if (f & W_COMPASSIGN)
{
f &= ~W_COMPASSIGN;
}
else if (assign_list)
{
- if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG)
+ if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) && (word->flags & W_ASSNGLOBAL) == 0)
aflags |= ASS_MKLOCAL;
if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
aflags |= ASS_MKASSOC;
is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */
if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next))
*qdollaratp = 1;
+ /* If we have a quoted null result (QUOTED_NULL(temp)) and the word is
+ a quoted null (l->next == 0 && QUOTED_NULL(l->word->word)), the
+ flags indicate it (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL), and the
+ expansion is quoted (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ (which is more paranoia than anything else), we need to return the
+ quoted null string and set the flags to indicate it. */
+ if (l->next == 0 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && QUOTED_NULL (l->word->word) && (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
+ {
+ w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
dispose_words (l);
}
else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && hasdol)
f &= ~W_ASSNBLTIN;
fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNBLTIN%s", f ? "|" : "");
}
+ if (f & W_ASSNGLOBAL)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ASSNGLOBAL;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNGLOBAL%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
if (f & W_COMPASSIGN)
{
f &= ~W_COMPASSIGN;
is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */
if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next))
*qdollaratp = 1;
+ /* If we have a quoted null result (QUOTED_NULL(temp)) and the word is
+ a quoted null (l->next == 0 && QUOTED_NULL(l->word->word)), the
+ flags indicate it (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL), and the
+ expansion is quoted (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ (which is more paranoia than anything else), we need to return the
+ quoted null string and set the flags to indicate it. */
+ if (l->next == 0 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && QUOTED_NULL (l->word->word) && (l->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
+ {
+ w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
dispose_words (l);
}
else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && hasdol)
pat = getpattern (lpatsub, quoted, 1);
if (rep)
- {
- if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
- rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
- else
- rep = expand_string_to_string_internal (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
- }
+ /* We want to perform quote removal on the expanded replacement even if
+ the entire expansion is double-quoted because the parser and string
+ extraction functions treated quotes in the replacement string as
+ special. */
+ rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted & ~(Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT), expand_string_unsplit);
/* ksh93 doesn't allow the match specifier to be a part of the expanded
pattern. This is an extension. Make sure we don't anchor the pattern