net/sched: act_ct: Only release RCU read lock after ct_ft

When looking up a flow table in act_ct in tcf_ct_flow_table_get(),
rhashtable_lookup_fast() internally opens and closes an RCU read critical
section before returning ct_ft.
The tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() can complete before refcount_inc_not_zero()
is invoked on the returned ct_ft resulting in a UAF on the already freed ct_ft
object. This vulnerability can lead to privilege escalation.

Analysis from zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com:
When initializing act_ct, tcf_ct_init() is called, which internally triggers
tcf_ct_flow_table_get().

static int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params)

{
                struct zones_ht_key key = { .net = net, .zone = params->zone };
                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;
                int err = -ENOMEM;

                mutex_lock(&zones_mutex);
                ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(&zones_ht, &key, zones_params); // [1]
                if (ct_ft && refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct_ft->ref)) // [2]
                                goto out_unlock;
                ...
}

static __always_inline void *rhashtable_lookup_fast(
                struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key,
                const struct rhashtable_params params)
{
                void *obj;

                rcu_read_lock();
                obj = rhashtable_lookup(ht, key, params);
                rcu_read_unlock();

                return obj;
}

At [1], rhashtable_lookup_fast() looks up and returns the corresponding ct_ft
from zones_ht . The lookup is performed within an RCU read critical section
through rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock(), which prevents the object from
being freed. However, at the point of function return, rcu_read_unlock() has
already been called, and there is nothing preventing ct_ft from being freed
before reaching refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct_ft->ref) at [2]. This interval becomes
the race window, during which ct_ft can be freed.

Free Process:

tcf_ct_flow_table_put() is executed through the path tcf_ct_cleanup() call_rcu()
tcf_ct_params_free_rcu() tcf_ct_params_free() tcf_ct_flow_table_put().

static void tcf_ct_flow_table_put(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft)
{
                if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ct_ft->ref)) {
                                rhashtable_remove_fast(&zones_ht, &ct_ft->node, zones_params);
                                INIT_RCU_WORK(&ct_ft->rwork, tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work); // [3]
                                queue_rcu_work(act_ct_wq, &ct_ft->rwork);
                }
}

At [3], tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() is scheduled as RCU work

static void tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work(struct work_struct *work)

{
                struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft;
                struct flow_block *block;

                ct_ft = container_of(to_rcu_work(work), struct tcf_ct_flow_table,
                                                                rwork);
                nf_flow_table_free(&ct_ft->nf_ft);
                block = &ct_ft->nf_ft.flow_block;
                down_write(&ct_ft->nf_ft.flow_block_lock);
                WARN_ON(!list_empty(&block->cb_list));
                up_write(&ct_ft->nf_ft.flow_block_lock);
                kfree(ct_ft); // [4]

                module_put(THIS_MODULE);
}

tcf_ct_flow_table_cleanup_work() frees ct_ft at [4]. When this function executes
between [1] and [2], UAF occurs.

This race condition has a very short race window, making it generally
difficult to trigger. Therefore, to trigger the vulnerability an msleep(100) was
inserted after[1]

Fixes: 138470a9b2cc2 ("net/sched: act_ct: fix lockdep splat in tcf_ct_flow_table_get")
Reported-by: zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com
Tested-by: Victor Nogueira <victor@mojatatu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260410111627.46611-1-jhs@mojatatu.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>

diff --git a/net/sched/act_ct.c b/net/sched/act_ct.c
index 7d5e50c921a07df0ad71aaa50aa4b02242a7592f..6158e13c98d3581f16c6fdb66933aaf8c759d7b1 100644 (file)
--- a/net/sched/act_ct.c
+++ b/net/sched/act_ct.c
@@ -328,9 +328,13 @@ static int tcf_ct_flow_table_get(struct net *net, struct tcf_ct_params *params)
        int err = -ENOMEM;
 
        mutex_lock(&zones_mutex);
-       ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup_fast(&zones_ht, &key, zones_params);
-       if (ct_ft && refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct_ft->ref))
+       rcu_read_lock();
+       ct_ft = rhashtable_lookup(&zones_ht, &key, zones_params);
+       if (ct_ft && refcount_inc_not_zero(&ct_ft->ref)) {
+               rcu_read_unlock();
                goto out_unlock;
+       }
+       rcu_read_unlock();
 
        ct_ft = kzalloc_obj(*ct_ft);
        if (!ct_ft)