====================================
This document details the incompatibilities between this version of bash,
-bash-5.1, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-3.2 (which is
+bash-5.2, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-3.2 (which is
still the `standard' version for Mac OS X), 4.2/4.3 (which are still
-standard on a few Linux distributions), and bash-4.4/bash-5.0, the current
-widely-available versions. These were discovered by users of bash-2.x
-through 5.x, so this list is not comprehensive. Some of these
+standard on a few Linux distributions), and bash-4.4/bash-5.0/bash-5.1,
+the current widely-available versions. These were discovered by users of
+bash-2.x through 5.x, so this list is not comprehensive. Some of these
incompatibilities occur between the current version and versions 2.0 and
above.
options that posix mode modifies to the state they had before enabling
posix mode. Previous versions restored these options to default values.
+66. Bash-5.2 attempts to prevent double-expansion of array subscripts under
+ certain circumstances, especially arithmetic evaluation, by acting as if
+ the `assoc_expand_once' shell option were set.
+
+67. The `unset' builtin in bash-5.2 treats array subscripts `@' and `*'
+ differently than previous versions, and differently depending on whether
+ the array is indexed or associative.
+
Shell Compatibility Level
=========================
output in a format that can be reused as input (-l). Bash-5.1
suppresses that message if -l is supplied
+compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
quotearray3.sub, new-exp10.sub, history2.sub). The first three are
because bash-5.2 flushes an indexed array but does not unset the
variable when given `unset a[@]' or `unset[*]' (that is, it acts
- like `a=()' instead of `unset a').
+ like `a=()' instead of `unset a'); the other two are because the
+ version number changed
11/8
----
attribute that modifies the value on assignment. Reported back on
1/20/2021 by oguzismailuysal@gmail.com; bash-5.2 tag removed
+ 11/22
+ -----
+doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1}
+ - unset: change the description of `unset name[@]' (unset name[*])
+ to reflect the new behavior (unset associative array subscripts or
+ remove all elements from an indexed array) and the difference from
+ previous versions
+ - set: document -r for restricted shell mode
+ - restricted shell: change occurrences of `set +o restricted' to
+ `shopt -u restricted_shell'. From a report from
+ Jin Xiang <jxiang.sd@gmail.com>
+ - read: note that read -t0 may return 0 if a subsequent read will
+ return EOF. From a suggestion by Dale R. Worley
+ <worley@alum.mit.edu>
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_arith_command,eval_arith_for_expr: don't pass EXP_EXPANDED
+ to evalexp if shell_compatibility_level > 5.1, assuming that the
+ expression has been quoted by Q_ARITH handling
+
+test.c
+ - test_arithcomp: if we're being called by the conditional command
+ code and treating the arguments to the arithmetic operators as
+ expressions, don't pass EXP_EXPANDED to evalexp if the shell
+ compatibility level is > 5.1, assuming that the expression has been
+ quoted by Q_ARITH handling
+
+ 11/29
+ -----
+examples/loadables/getconf.[ch]
+ - getconf: new implementation of loadable builtin, based on glibc
+ getconf
+
+examples/loadables/sleep.c
+ - parse_gnutimefmt: parse GNU interval format (2m30s), returning
+ seconds and microseconds like uconvert
+ - sleep: use parse_gnutimefmt if uconvert can't parse the format right
+ away and "dhms" appears in the format string. Don't return
+ EX_DISKFALLBACK under any circumstances
+
+
examples/loadables/sleep.c f
examples/loadables/strftime.c f
examples/loadables/truefalse.c f
-#examples/loadables/getconf.h f
-#examples/loadables/getconf.c f
+examples/loadables/getconf.h f
+examples/loadables/getconf.c f
examples/loadables/fdflags.c f
examples/loadables/finfo.c f
examples/loadables/cat.c f
* Using the 'enable' builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins.
* Specifying the '-p' option to the 'command' builtin.
- * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'set +o restricted'.
+ * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'shopt -u
+ restricted_shell'.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
name = savestring (list->word->word);
wflags = list->word->flags;
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- assoc_noexpand = (assoc_expand_once || expand_once_flag) && (wflags & W_ASSIGNMENT);
+ assoc_noexpand = assoc_expand_once && (wflags & W_ASSIGNMENT);
#else
assoc_noexpand = 0;
#endif
stroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and asso-
ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
- does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or
- u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, removes the entire
- array.
-
- When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
- mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
+ does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, re-
+ moves the entire array. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or
+ @\b@, behaves differently depending on whether _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed or asso-
+ ciative array. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array, this unsets the ele-
+ ment with subscript *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array, unset removes
+ all of the elements but does not remove the array itself.
+
+ When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
+ mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
scribed above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If path-
name expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted.
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
- ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
+ ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
- words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
- _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter
- and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
- (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
+ (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
sion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
- able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
- tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
+ able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
+ tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
stitution.
- After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
- original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
+ After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
+ original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
(_\bq_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl).
- Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
- crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
- single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
+ crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
+ single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
pansions of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}", and, in most cases, $\b$*\b* and
$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[*\b*]\b]}\b} as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
_\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
- ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
- arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
- lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
- are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each
- number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed
- with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx or _\by
- begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to
- contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When
- letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico-
- graphically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the default C locale.
- Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type (integer or letter).
- When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+ number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed
+ with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx or _\by
+ begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to
+ contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When
+ letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico-
+ graphically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the default C locale.
+ Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type (integer or letter).
+ When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex-
pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A
- {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and
inhibits brace expansion until the closing }\b}.
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
- value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
- tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
- places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
- the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
- acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
- optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
+ places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
- ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as-
- signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
+ signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
panded value.
- Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
+ Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
of variable assignments (as described above under P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) when they
- appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except
+ appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except
for the _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn commands listed above, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em-
- bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
+ bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
sion.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
- when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
to be interpreted as part of its name. The _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a shell
- parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
+ parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
(A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs).
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, it introduces a level of indirection. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the new _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
- the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
+ the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
This is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The value is subject to tilde ex-
- pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex-
- pansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the name of the
- parameter referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of performing the complete
- indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of
- ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation point
- must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec-
+ pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex-
+ pansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the name of the
+ parameter referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of performing the complete
+ indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of
+ ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation point
+ must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec-
tion.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be-
- low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
- Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un-
+ low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+ Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un-
set.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
- pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa-
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
+ pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa-
rameters may not be assigned to in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
- the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
- value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
+ value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@ or *\b*,
- or an associative array name, the results differ as described
- below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of the
+ or an associative array name, the results differ as described
+ below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of the
value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
+ and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value
- of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
- sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
- that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
+ of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
+ sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
+ that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
least one space to avoid being confused with the :\b:-\b- expansion.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
- greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of
- -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan-
+ greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of
+ -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan-
sion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the
- result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
+ result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\b-
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an
expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un-
defined results.
- Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
- ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
- fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
+ Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
+ ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
+ fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
$\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value sub-
- stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value sub-
+ stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substituted is
the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed
- array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in-
- terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+ array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in-
+ terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the end of the
array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
- the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
- (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
- case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal op-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+ the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
+ (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
+ case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal op-
eration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the
expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array vari-
- able subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is
- applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
+ able subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is
+ applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
- of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
- pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
+ of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
+ pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/#\b#_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/%\b%_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari-
- able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub-
- stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the
+ tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari-
+ able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub-
+ stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the
rules described under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. In the first form
- above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two
+ above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two
slashes separating _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn (the second form
- above), all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by #\b# (the third form above), it must match
+ above), all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by #\b# (the third form above), it must match
at the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is preceded by %\b% (the fourth form above), it must match at the
- end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If the expansion of
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is
+ is preceded by %\b% (the fourth form above), it must match at the
+ end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If the expansion of
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is
null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted and the /\b/ following _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- may be omitted. If the p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt shell option is en-
+ may be omitted. If the p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt shell option is en-
abled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, any unquoted instances of &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg are re-
- placed with the matching portion of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. Backslash is used
- to quote &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; the backslash is removed in order to per-
- mit a literal &\b& in the replacement string. Users should take
- care if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions
- between the backslash and double-quoting. Pattern substitution
- performs the check for &\b& after expanding _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; shell program-
- mers should quote backslashes intended to escape the &\b& and in-
+ placed with the matching portion of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. Backslash is used
+ to quote &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; the backslash is removed in order to per-
+ mit a literal &\b& in the replacement string. Users should take
+ care if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is double-quoted to avoid unwanted interactions
+ between the backslash and double-quoting. Pattern substitution
+ performs the check for &\b& after expanding _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; shell program-
+ mers should quote backslashes intended to escape the &\b& and in-
hibit replacement so they survive any quote removal performed by
the expansion of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is en-
- abled, the match is performed without regard to the case of al-
- phabetic characters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
- operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and
- the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array
- variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is
- applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
+ abled, the match is performed without regard to the case of al-
+ phabetic characters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
+ operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and
+ the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array
+ variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is
+ applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
- the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
- if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
- should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^ op-
+ the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
+ if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
+ should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^ op-
erator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase;
the ,\b, operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.
- The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
- expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
- the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
- ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
- resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
- member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
+ expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
+ the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
+ ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
+ member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br@\b@_\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br}
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsf\bfo\bor\brm\bma\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. The expansion is either a transforma-
- tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
+ tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
single letter:
- U\bU The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper-
+ U\bU The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper-
case.
- u\bu The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ u\bu The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is
alphabetic.
- L\bL The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower-
+ L\bL The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower-
case.
- Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
quoted in a format that can be reused as input.
- E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
+ E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
$\b$'\b'.\b..\b..\b.'\b' quoting mechanism.
P\bP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding
the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as if it were a prompt string (see
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
- A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
- statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
+ A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
+ statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
recreate _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with its attributes and value.
K\bK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
_\be_\bt_\be_\br, except that it prints the values of indexed and as-
- sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs
+ sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs
(see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above).
- a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
+ a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
resenting _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br's attributes.
- k\bk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val-
- ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words
+ k\bk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val-
+ ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words
after word splitting.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
*\b*, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
and the expansion is the resultant list.
- The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
+ The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
pathname expansion as described below.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in a subshell environ-
ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of
the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are
- not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
- mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
+ not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
+ mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
- retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
- stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
- If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
- and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
sion is:
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou-
- ble quotes, but double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou-
+ ble quotes, but double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated
specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo param-
- eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
- The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
+ eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
+ The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
- to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
- process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
+ to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
+ process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com-
- mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
- writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
- is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
+ mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
+ writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
+ is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup-
port named pipes (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
- results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
- field terminators. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly
- <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default, then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>,
- and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
- expansions are ignored, and any sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the
- beginning or end serves to delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other
- than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be,
- t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as
- long as the whitespace character is in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS white-
- space character). Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace,
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
+ field terminators. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly
+ <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default, then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>,
+ and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
+ expansions are ignored, and any sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the
+ beginning or end serves to delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other
+ than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be,
+ t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as
+ long as the whitespace character is in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS white-
+ space character). Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace,
along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A
- sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+ sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word splitting occurs.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the
expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame-
ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument re-
sults and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When
- a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
+ a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes
-d after word splitting and null argument removal.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
appears, and is not quoted, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and
- replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the
- pattern (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are
- found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left
- unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found,
- the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no
- matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not
+ replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the
+ pattern (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are
+ found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left
+ unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found,
+ the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no
+ matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not
executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is per-
- formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a
- pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the
- start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
- plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In order to match
+ formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a
+ pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the
+ start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
+ plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In order to match
the filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', the pattern must begin with ``.'' (for
example, ``.?''), even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. When not matching pathnames,
- the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When matching a path-
- name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash
- in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a
- special pattern character as described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
- See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
- description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When matching a path-
+ name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash
+ in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a
+ special pattern character as described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
+ See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
+ description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
- from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
- ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
+ ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
case. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
- N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
+ N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option, so all other
- filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
- of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
+ filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
+ of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
option.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
- characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
- occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
- escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
- pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
- single pattern will match all files and zero or more di-
- rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
- adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
+ pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
+ single pattern will match all files and zero or more di-
+ rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
+ adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
ries.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
- characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
- _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
+ characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
+ _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating se-
quence and character set, is matched. If the first char-
- acter following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any character
+ acter following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any character
not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of characters
- in range expressions is determined by the current locale
- and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell vari-
- ables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation
+ in range expressions is determined by the current locale
+ and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell vari-
+ ables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation
of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to
- [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
- enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
+ [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
+ enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
matched by including it as the first or last character in
the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
the syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following
classes defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that
class. The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits,
and the character _.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified us-
- ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
- the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
+ ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
+ the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
cale) as the character _\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collat-
ing symbol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
- If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, the
- shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the
+ If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, the
+ shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the
following description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns
- separated by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more
+ separated by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more
of the following sub-patterns:
?\b?(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
Matches anything except one of the given patterns
When matching filenames, the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option determines the set of
- filenames that are tested: when d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the set of file-
- names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..''
- must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
- when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning
- with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As
+ filenames that are tested: when d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the set of file-
+ names includes all files beginning with ``.'', but ``.'' and ``..''
+ must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
+ when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning
+ with ``.'' unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ``.''. As
above, ``.'' only has a special meaning when matching filenames.
Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, es-
pecially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain
- multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or
+ multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or
using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster.
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _\bR_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows
- commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. _\bR_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows
+ commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and
- writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
- current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
+ writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
+ current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may fol-
- low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
+ low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
from left to right.
- Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
+ Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
instead be preceded by a word of the form {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}. In this case, for
each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
- file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
- the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
- ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
+ file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
+ the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
+ ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
grammer to manage the file descriptor's lifetime manually. The
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be shell option manages this behavior.
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
- expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
splitting. If it expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
- directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
while the command
ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
- directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
- error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
put was redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on
which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these special files, bash will use them;
- otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
+ otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
below.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
- If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
cated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding TCP socket.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding UDP socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
- Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
- care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
nally.
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex-
- pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex-
+ pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
- does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
size.
The general format for redirecting output is:
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
- name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re-
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re-
sults from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file de-
- scriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ scriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
The general format for appending output is:
[_\bn]>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
- There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er-
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er-
ror:
&\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
- When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
- it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\be-\b-
+ When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
+ it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\be-\b-
s\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below) for compatibility reasons.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
(see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below).
H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br (with no trailing
- blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
- as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
command.
The format of here-documents is:
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
- and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is un-
- quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex-
- pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character
+ No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+ expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
+ and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is un-
+ quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex-
+ pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character
sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote the charac-
ters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
- stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This al-
- lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This al-
+ lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
fashion.
H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<<\b<<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
- command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
- name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
+ name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on
its standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified).
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
- that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file de-
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file de-
scriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates
to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the standard
input (file descriptor 0) is used.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
- digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
- direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
- closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
- to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
+ closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
+ to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
redirected as described previously.
M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
- both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
- the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
- aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
- commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
- simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
- so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
- $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
- contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
- first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
- that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
- time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
- last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
arguments are needed, use a shell function (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
- all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
- commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
- when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
- definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
- effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following
- the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.
- This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases
- are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function
- is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a
- consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af-
- ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini-
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
+ all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
+ commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
+ when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
+ definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
+ effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following
+ the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+ This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases
+ are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function
+ is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a
+ consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af-
+ ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini-
tions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in compound commands.
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
- shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
- in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in-
- terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in-
+ terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
- first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
tion while the function is executing.
- All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
- tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
- R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
- given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
- below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
- traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
+ tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+ given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
+ below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
option has been enabled.
- Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
- function and its caller. If a variable is declared l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the vari-
- able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children
+ function and its caller. If a variable is declared l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the vari-
+ able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children
(including the functions it calls). Local variables "shadow" variables
- with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local
- variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same
- name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving
- the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global
+ with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local
+ variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same
+ name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving
+ the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global
variable is once again visible.
- The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
- within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
- values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
- cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
- function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
- that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
- also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
+ The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
+ within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
+ values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
+ cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
+ function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
+ that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
+ also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
value that is restored when the function returns.
- For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
- and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
+ For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
+ and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
within _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2 will resolve to the local variable _\bv_\ba_\br from _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1, shadow-
ing any global variable named _\bv_\ba_\br.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable
is local to the current scope, u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt will unset it; otherwise the unset
- will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
- above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re-
- main so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns.
- Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous
+ will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
+ above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re-
+ main so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns.
+ Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous
scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previ-
- ous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been
+ ous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been
shadowed will become visible.
- The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
- fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
+ The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
+ fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed be-
- fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
- positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
values they had prior to the function's execution.
- Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
- and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
- may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe-
- cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that child shell processes (those created when exe-
+ cuting a separate shell invocation) automatically have them defined
with the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin.
Functions may be recursive. The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable may be used to limit
- the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
+ the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of re-
cursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
pound command, and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-
- width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
- trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
- associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
+ width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
+ trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
+ associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence op-
erators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
- expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or
character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc-
- tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
- bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
- ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
- ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
+ tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
+ bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
+ ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
+ ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
specifying _\bn, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are
- represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
- in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
- percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
+ represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
+ in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
+ percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
tween 10 and 35.
- Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
- parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
- behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
+ behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
those commands for any other command-specific actions.
- Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
+ Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
sions. If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these
- special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
- ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
+ ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
- the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
the current locale. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII ordering.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
value).
-\b-R\bR _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
ence.
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
- command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
this performs pattern matching as described above (C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bm-\b-
m\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs).
True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
- or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
- _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
+ _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above).
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following ex-
- pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
+ pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
following order.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists
- only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements
- are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added
- to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur-
+ shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists
+ only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements
+ are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added
+ to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur-
rent shell environment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a
- value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits
+ value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits
with a non-zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
- fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
+ fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
zero.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to re-
- member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
- performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it is invoked
- in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
- original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
- status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
+ in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
+ original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
+ status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta-
tus of 127.
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
file containing shell commands, and the shell creates a new instance of
- itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the
+ itself to execute it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the
effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with
- the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
- (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the
+ the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
+ (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the
child.
- If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin
- +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation
- +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
the shell's parent
+\bo current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+\bo shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt
+\bo options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+\bo shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command
+\bo the current working directory
+\bo the file creation mode mask
- +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+\bo traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
A _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is a copy of the shell process.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re-
- set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
+ set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
- the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
clears the -\b-e\be option in such subshells.
- If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
fault standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl. Oth-
- erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
+ erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
ing shell as modified by redirections.
E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
- vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
+ vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\be-\b-
- c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, re-
- placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
- consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
+ placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
- The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
- temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
ronment seen by that command.
- If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ-
ment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
- exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of 128+_\bN as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
- turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
+ turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
- non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
- return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
valid options or missing arguments.
The exit status of the last command is available in the special parame-
ter $?.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
- less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
+ less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
+ is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ig-
nores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
Non-builtin commands run by b\bba\bas\bsh\bh have signal handlers set to the values
inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in ef-
- fect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
- these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ fect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bT-\b-
T\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
stopped. Stopped jobs are sent S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to ensure that they receive the
- S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
- job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP us-
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP us-
ing d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
- If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
- mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
- the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
set will cause the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
- When job control is not enabled, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a foreground
+ When job control is not enabled, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a foreground
command to complete, the shell receives keyboard-generated signals such
- as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT (usually generated by ^\b^C\bC) that users commonly intend to send
+ as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT (usually generated by ^\b^C\bC) that users commonly intend to send
to that command. This happens because the shell and the command are in
the same process group as the terminal, and ^\b^C\bC sends S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT to all pro-
cesses in that process group.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running without job control enabled and receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running without job control enabled and receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground
command terminates and then decides what to do about the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT:
1. If the command terminates due to the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh concludes that
- the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
(e.g., by running a S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT trap or exiting itself);
- 2. If the command does not terminate due to S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, the program
- handled the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig-
- nal. In that case, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not treat S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT as a fatal sig-
- nal, either, instead assuming that the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT was used as part
- of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort
+ 2. If the command does not terminate due to S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, the program
+ handled the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig-
+ nal. In that case, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not treat S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT as a fatal sig-
+ nal, either, instead assuming that the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT was used as part
+ of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort
editing commands) or deliberately discarded. However, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will
- run any trap set on S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, as it does with any other trapped
- signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com-
+ run any trap set on S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, as it does with any other trapped
+ signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com-
mand to complete, for compatibility.
J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
_\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the ex-
- ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
- terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
+ ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
+ terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
driver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
- The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
the operating system maintains the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
- generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
+ generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
- if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
- Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
- tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
- by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
+ if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
+ Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
+ tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
+ by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
process.
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
- be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
- character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be re-
- turned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
- using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
+ turned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. A ^\b^Z\bZ
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
- ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
+ ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the
name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command
- line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped job whose command name be-
- gins with c\bce\be. If a prefix matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
+ line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped job whose command name be-
+ gins with c\bce\be. If a prefix matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the
- string c\bce\be in its command line. If the substring matches more than one
+ string c\bce\be in its command line. If the substring matches more than one
job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was
- in the foreground or started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may
- be referenced using %\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was
+ in the foreground or started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may
+ be referenced using %\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can
both be used to refer to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g.,
the output of the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job is always flagged with
- a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying
+ a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying
job specification) also refers to the current job.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
- foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
equivalent to `\b``\b`b\bbg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b'.
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
- in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes
- immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that ex-
+ immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that ex-
its.
- If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
- then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
- made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
- When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
- and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
- state. The -\b-f\bf option causes w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process ter-
+ When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
+ and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
+ state. The -\b-f\bf option causes w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process ter-
minates before returning.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
- needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
- reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as de-
- scribed above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is en-
- abled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting
- a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
+ reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as de-
+ scribed above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is en-
+ abled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting
+ a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as
follows:
\\b\a\ba an ASCII bell character (07)
- \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26")
\\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is in-
serted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results in
- a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
+ a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required
\\b\e\be an ASCII escape character (033)
\\b\h\bh the hostname up to the first `.'
\\b\l\bl the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\\b\n\bn newline
\\b\r\br carriage return
- \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
following the final slash)
\\b\t\bt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\T\bT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\u\bu the username of the current user
\\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
\\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD shell variable ($\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD), with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
- abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the
+ \\b\w\bw the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD shell variable ($\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD), with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
+ abbreviated with a tilde (uses the value of the
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM variable)
\\b\W\bW the basename of $\b$P\bPW\bWD\bD, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated with a tilde
\\b\!\b! the history number of this command
\\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
\\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn
\\b\\\b\ a backslash
- \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt
\\b\]\b] end a sequence of non-printing characters
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
- low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
- mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
- decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
+ low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
+ mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
+ decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command under
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
- escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
+ escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
contain characters special to word expansion.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is given at shell invocation.
Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin.
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A
vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be
- enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
- after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
+ enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
+ after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
- Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
- larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
- boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx
- means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
while pressing the _\bx key.)
Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
- act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
deviates from this are noted below.
- When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\b-
- _\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate
- default is _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline li-
- brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings
- and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed
- in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines
- beginning with a #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate
- conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable
+ _\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate
+ default is _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline li-
+ brary starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings
+ and variables are set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed
+ in the readline initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines
+ beginning with a #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate
+ conditional constructs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable
settings.
- The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
M-Control-u: universal-argument
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
- The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
_\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bS_\bP_\bC, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or
_\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text ``> output'' into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
the symbolic character names are not recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
\\b\"\b" literal "
\\b\'\b' literal '
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
- are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
- fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
- during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
or using the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
sitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are equivalent
to O\bOf\bff\bf. The variables and their default values are:
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
line equivalents.
b\bbl\bli\bin\bnk\bk-\b-m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg-\b-p\bpa\bar\bre\ben\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
- ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
+ ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment variable. If there is a color defini-
- tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com-
- pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix
+ tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com-
+ pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix
instead of its default.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
- ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
- tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
+ ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
+ tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
variable.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b(`\b``\b`#\b#'\b''\b')\b)
- The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
command is executed. This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode
and to #\b# in vi command mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh (\b(-\b-1\b1)\b)
- The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
- when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
- than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
- will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
+ The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
+ when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
+ than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
+ will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
value is -1.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-m\bma\bap\bp-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
- treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
+ treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
- The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
- sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
- set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
- this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
ble completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
- greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline
- will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
- they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline
+ will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
+ they are simply listed on the terminal. A zero value means
readline should never ask; negative values are treated as zero.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
- prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
_\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
ilar to _\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or
v\bvi\bi.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b(@\b@)\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a
- key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
- and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
- escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
- which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
+ and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
+ escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
+ which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
mode string.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a
- saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is
- referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn,
- readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\b-
- _\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is active, readline highlights the text
- in the region using the terminal's standout mode. The active
+ The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a
+ saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is
+ referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn,
+ readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\b-
+ _\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is active, readline highlights the text
+ in the region using the terminal's standout mode. The active
region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any match-
ing text found by incremental and non-incremental history
searches.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer
as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char-
- acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
- vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
+ acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
+ vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
mands.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar-
row keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
- key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at-
tempts word completion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
- list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero,
- the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
- number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
+ the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
+ number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be
set to 500.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
- becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
- new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals
of height 1.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), re-
- gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
- m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
- but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
+ gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
+ m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
+ but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
characters.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq-\b-t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt (\b(5\b50\b00\b0)\b)
- Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
- reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
+ Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
+ reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
- ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
- complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
- so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
- additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
- or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
- until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
+ ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
+ complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
+ so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
+ additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
+ or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
+ until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
complete.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
r\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
contains eight-bit characters.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to O\bOn\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to O\bOn\bn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
stead of ringing the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-i\bin\bn-\b-p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
- cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
+ cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg).
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-t\bte\bex\bxt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bi-\b-c\bcm\bmd\bd-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(c\bcm\bmd\bd)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
- when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
+ when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bi-\b-i\bin\bns\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(i\bin\bns\bs)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives used.
- $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
- extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
+ extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
characters are required to isolate it.
- m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
- stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
+ stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
emacs mode.
- t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the =\b= is tested against both the full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
for instance.
v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
- against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
- to the current readline version. The set of comparison
- operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
- The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
- erator consists of a major version number, an optional
+ The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
+ against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
+ to the current readline version. The set of comparison
+ operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
+ The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
+ erator consists of a major version number, an optional
decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 7\b7.\b.1\b1).
- If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
+ If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
The operator may be separated from the string v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn and
from the version number argument by whitespace.
a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
The a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn construct is used to include application-
- specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
- brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
+ brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh:
$\b$i\bif\bf Bash
_\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be
The _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be construct provides simple equality tests for
- readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
- operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
+ readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
+ operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the
- operator may be separated from the value on the right
- hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
- ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
+ operator may be separated from the value on the right
+ hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
+ ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
against the values _\bo_\bn and _\bo_\bf_\bf.
$\b$e\ben\bnd\bdi\bif\bf This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $\b$i\bif\bf
test fails.
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
- commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
ing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
- the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
- Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
- Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
- line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
- Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
- history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
- Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
- search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
the history list.
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
- Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
string, any remembered search string is used.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
- to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
- tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
- a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
+ tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
- previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
- effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
- one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
+ effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
+ one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
the prompt plus the screen width.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect
- if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
- physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
+ if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
+ physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
- buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
+ Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
+ buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
at the top of the screen.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur-
- rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
+ rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
the current line without clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
Move to the first line in the history.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
- Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
- relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
- numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
+ numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
use instead of the current line.
f\bfe\bet\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
- With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
+ With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
and make it the current line. Without an argument, move back to
the first entry in the history list.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the current cursor po-
- sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
+ sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
history line. This is a non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
- string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
+ string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
cremental search.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
- insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
- serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
+ serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
+ the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
"!_\bn" history expansion had been specified.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave
- exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
- the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
+ the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive
- calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
- negative argument switches the direction through the history
+ calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
+ negative argument switches the direction through the history
(back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to
extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been
specified.
tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
P\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
expansion.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
for a description of alias expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL, $\b$E\bED\bD-\b-
I\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
_\be_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bo_\bf_\b-_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (\b(u\bus\bsu\bua\bal\bll\bly\by C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
- ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
- ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
+ The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+ ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
+ ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns E\bEO\bOF\bF.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty E\bEO\bOF\bF character, as C\bC-\b-d\bd commonly is, see
above for the effects.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
Insert a tab character.
s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
Insert the character typed.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
- ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
- pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
- w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
+ ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
+ w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
the kill-ring.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, .\b..\b..\b.,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the nu-
meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if
this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei-
- ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
- begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
- (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
+ begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
completion is attempted.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
- execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and the original text is restored. An argument of _\bn
moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative ar-
gument may be used to move backward through the list. This com-
mand is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by default.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
+ Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
line, behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command
is unbound by default.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
- against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b()\b)
- Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
+ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
d\bdo\bo-\b-l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-A\bA,\b, M\bM-\b-B\bB,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
- If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The
behavior is undefined if _\bx is already lowercase.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the mark is set to that position.
e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
- set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
as the mark.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
- that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
rences.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
quent occurrences.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bcs\bsi\bi-\b-s\bse\beq\bqu\bue\ben\bnc\bce\be
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
- toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
- match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
wise the characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn are deleted from the begin-
- ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
- newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
- causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
- If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
moved, the line will be executed by the shell.
s\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl-\b-c\bco\bor\brr\bre\bec\bct\bt-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx s\bs)\b)
- Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
- a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
- option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
+ Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
+ a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
+ option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
- pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
- used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
+ used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
pletions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
pansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replac-
ing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is
appended before pathname expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
- The list of expansions that would have been generated by
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
- numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
- the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
mable completion facilities are invoked.
- First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
- empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
- any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
- compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
+ First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
+ empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
+ any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
+ compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command
- word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
- for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
- is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
- with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
- default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
- a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
+ word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
+ for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
+ is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
+ default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
+ a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
from any successful expansion.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG op-
- tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
- ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
- and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
+ ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
fined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
- plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
fault completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
- S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
- less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
- file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol-
lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
- ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
- history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
- history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
- lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
- overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
- writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
- set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
+ ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
+ history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
+ history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
+ lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
+ overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
+ writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
+ set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
tory comment character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions.
- This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
- other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
- truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
+ This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
+ truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
than zero, the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
- nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
+ nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
tions.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
- line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
- count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
- line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
- to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
- The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
- that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
- able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
- in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
+ line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
+ count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
+ line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
+ to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
+ The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
+ that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
+ able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
+ in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His-
- tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
- sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
- quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
- pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
+ tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
+ sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
+ quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
+ pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
- tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
+ tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
- omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
used; it is an error if there is no previous search string.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_\bn The _\bnth word.
^\b^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
- $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
+ $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
- %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
- the search string begins with a character that is part of a
+ %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
+ the search string begins with a character that is part of a
word.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word. If x\bx is miss-
ing, it defaults to 0.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. These mod-
ify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
- b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
sive; the last one supplied is used.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /.
- The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with
a single backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd.
- A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
- to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
- tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
+ A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
+ to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
+ tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
If _\bn_\be_\bw is null, each matching _\bo_\bl_\bd is deleted.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' or `&\b&' modifier once to each word in the
event line.
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt/[\b[ builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
- t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
+ and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
+ t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell en-
- vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
- filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, but _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not need to be executable. The file
- searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not
- in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is searched if no file is
- found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
- command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
- _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional parameters when
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are
- unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled, .\b. inherits any trap on
+ searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not
+ in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is searched if no file is
+ found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ _\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional parameters when
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional parameters are
+ unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled, .\b. inherits any trap on
D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored
- around the call to .\b., and .\b. unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it exe-
+ around the call to .\b., and .\b. unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it exe-
cutes. If -\b-T\bT is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG
- trap, the new value is retained when .\b. completes. The return
- status is the status of the last command exited within the
+ trap, the new value is retained when .\b. completes. The return
+ status is the status of the last command exited within the
script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
not found or cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
- turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
+ turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would ap-
- pear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but
- each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
- e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied,
+ pear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but
+ each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
+ e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
- is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
+ is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is en-
- tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT and R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK
- variables to the current location of the insertion point
- and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
- The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied
+ variables to the current location of the insertion point
+ and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
+ The shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied
to the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT variable. If there was no argu-
- ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
- changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
+ ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
+ changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
reflected in the editing state.
- -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
associated commands in a format that can be reused as in-
put.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
- ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
+ ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]] [-@]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
- the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. The vari-
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. The vari-
able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for the directory containing
- _\bd_\bi_\br: each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alter-
- native directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:).
- A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current di-
- rectory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bD-\b-
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical
+ _\bd_\bi_\br: each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alter-
+ native directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:).
+ A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current di-
+ rectory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bD-\b-
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical
directory structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing
- _\bd_\bi_\br and before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the
+ _\bd_\bi_\br and before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the
-\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces sym-
- bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process-
- ing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is pro-
- cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
- from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be
- option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory
- cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
- change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that
+ bolic links to be followed by resolving the link after process-
+ ing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is pro-
+ cessed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
+ from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be
+ option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory
+ cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
+ change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status. On systems that
support it, the -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes asso-
- ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is con-
- verted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If
- a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the
- first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab-
- solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the
+ ciated with a file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is con-
+ verted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If
+ a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the
+ first argument, and the directory change is successful, the ab-
+ solute pathname of the new working directory is written to the
standard output. If the directory change is successful, c\bcd\bd sets
- the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the new directory
- name, and sets the O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the value of
- the current working directory before the change. The return
- value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false
+ the value of the P\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the new directory
+ name, and sets the O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD environment variable to the value of
+ the current working directory before the change. The return
+ value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false
otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
- tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
+ tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
cilities, while available, will not have useful values.
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt]
- [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
+ [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other sup-
- plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
- mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
- which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
- indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
- to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
- on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
- options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
- non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
- such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
- multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
+ plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
+ mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
+ which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
+ indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
+ to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
+ on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
+ options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
+ non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
+ such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
+ multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
over -\b-E\bE, and both take precedence over -\b-I\bI. If any of -\b-D\bD, -\b-E\bE, or
- -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
+ -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
completions only apply to the case specified by the option.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
m\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
- fault) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
+ fault) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
generated, directory name completion is at-
tempted and any matches are added to the results
of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose ar-
guments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is
the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is
- the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
- rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
+ rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
- Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
- tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
- scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
- tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
+ tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
+ scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
+ tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that other
- supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion
- on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
- mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
completion.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
- closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
- is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
+ closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
+ is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\biI\bIl\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
- tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
+ tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits
- the display of function definitions; only the function name and
+ the display of function definitions; only the function name and
attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled
- using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
+ using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
-\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or modified at
the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell func-
- tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
- local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
+ tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The -\b-I\bI option causes
+ local variables to inherit the attributes (except the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf
attribute) and value of any existing variable with the same _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
+ at a surrounding scope. If there is no existing variable, the
local variable is initially unset. The following options can be
- used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
+ used to restrict output to variables with the specified attri-
bute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions in-
- herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
+ herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
vironment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
- the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
- variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
+ variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
used in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as
- with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
- variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
- is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
- ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
- not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
+ with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
+ variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
+ is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
+ ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
+ not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made
to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as-
sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as-
- signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
- rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
- tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
- list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
+ rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
+ tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
+ list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
from the list. The current directory is always the first direc-
tory in the stack.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
tries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
ceives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means
- to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
+ to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is
0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
- cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
- the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
+ cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
+ the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
quences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
- abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
+ abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
Bash will use the value of the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable as a
colon-separated list of directories in which to search for _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
- delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
- shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The default is system-dependent. The -\b-d\bd option will
+ delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of
+ shell builtins is printed. With no other option arguments, the
list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn is supplied,
only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the list
- printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
- not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
- stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
- plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
- load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
- were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
+ printed includes all builtins, with an indication of whether or
+ not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the output is re-
+ stricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. If no options are sup-
+ plied and a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin, e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be will attempt to
+ load _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from a shared object named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, as if the command
+ were ``enable -f _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be . The return value is 0 unless a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new
builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what _\bl_\bo_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
- the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
- equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
- it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
- -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). When listing, a
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt of 0 is equivalent to -1 and -0 is equivalent to
+ the current command (usually the f\bfc\bc command); otherwise 0 is
+ equivalent to -1 and -0 is invalid. If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified,
+ it is set to the current command for listing (so that ``fc -l
+ -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous command for
editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
- valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
+ valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by
- white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
- used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
+ used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op-
tion requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automatically;
- it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
+ it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
to be used.
When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a re-
turn value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of the
first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
- arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
stead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
T\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
- is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
+ is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
- restored to their original values when the function returns.
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
+ restored to their original values when the function returns.
The restore is effected as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands were exe-
- cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func-
- tion. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables
- to the standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
- within a function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used
- outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a
+ cuted to restore the values that were in place before the func-
+ tion. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables
+ to the standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not
+ within a function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used
+ outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a
readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
- With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
+ With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
- example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory
stack entry is specified.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T directives all use the field width and preci-
bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded argument,
which usually contains more characters than the original.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
- word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
- ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
+ word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
+ ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
- scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is
- greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+ -\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
+ set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
- sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
- evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
- variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
+ evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
+ variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
perform array dereferencing.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones ex-
iting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
- quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
- between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
+ quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
+ between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
tion is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above. This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
- third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
- the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
- argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
+ third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
+ the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
+ argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
ceives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a sin-
- gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
- nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
- is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
+ gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
+ nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
+ is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no arguments are
- supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
- mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
- shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
- numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
+ supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
+ mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
+ shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
+ numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
ishes executing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or re-
- set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
- turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
- of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
- as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
- turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
+ turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
+ of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
+ as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
+ turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the
exit status of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', spec-
ified as a set of options to the shopt builtin c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- p\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
+ p\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is
- intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
- is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
- current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
+ intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
+ is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
+ current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
tion.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later versions
warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ previous versions.
+
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
- +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd.
+ +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
+ s\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE --
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
- The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
+ The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
command history
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/ and _\bh_\bt_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b._\bs_\ba_\bv_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bn_\ba_\bh_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bc_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b._\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bs_\bn_\ba_\bp_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b-_\bm_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be_\br_\b._\bt_\ba_\br_\b._\bg_\bz.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 5.1 2021 November 16 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.2 2021 November 22 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Tue Nov 16 09:55:55 EST 2021
+.\" Last Change: Mon Nov 22 09:58:49 EST 2021
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2021 November 16" "GNU Bash 5.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2021 November 22" "GNU Bash 5.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
for both indexed and associative arrays.
Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable.
-\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array, or
+\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array,
+removes the entire array.
\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP], where
-\fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, removes the entire array.
+\fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, behaves differently depending on
+whether \fIname\fP is an indexed or associative array.
+If \fIname\fP is an associative array, this unsets the element with
+subscript \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP.
+If \fIname\fP is an indexed array, unset removes all of the elements but
+does not remove the array itself.
.PP
When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command,
such as with \fBunset\fP, without using the word expansion syntax
If \fBread\fP times out, \fBread\fP saves any partial input read into
the specified variable \fIname\fP.
If \fItimeout\fP is 0, \fBread\fP returns immediately, without trying to
-read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
+read any data.
+The exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+or the read will return EOF,
+non-zero otherwise.
The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
.TP
.B \-u \fIfd\fP
Turning this option off causes the effective user
and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
.TP 8
+.B \-r
+Enable restricted shell mode.
+This option cannot be unset once it has been set.
+.TP 8
.B \-t
Exit after reading and executing one command.
.TP 8
above. This option is enabled by default.
.TP 8
.B restricted_shell
-The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see
+The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
+(see
.SM
.B "RESTRICTED SHELL"
below).
when the \fB\-l\fP option is supplied.
.RE
.PD
+.TP
+\fBcompat51\fP
+.PD 0
+.RS
+.IP \(bu
+The \fBunset\fP builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts \fB@\fP
+and \fB*\fP differently depending on whether the array is indexed or
+associative, and differently than in previous versions.
+.RE
+.PD
.\" bash_builtins
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.SH "RESTRICTED SHELL"
builtin command
.IP \(bu
turning off restricted mode with
-\fBset +r\fP or \fBset +o restricted\fP.
+\fBset +r\fP or \fBshopt -u restricted_shell\fP.
.PP
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
.PP
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2021 November 16<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2021 November 22<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
for both indexed and associative arrays.
Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable.
-<B>unset</B> <I>name</I>, where <I>name</I> is an array, or
+<B>unset</B> <I>name</I>, where <I>name</I> is an array,
+removes the entire array.
<B>unset</B> <I>name</I>[<I>subscript</I>], where
-<I>subscript</I> is <B>*</B> or <B>@</B>, removes the entire array.
+<I>subscript</I> is <B>*</B> or <B>@</B>, behaves differently depending on
+whether <I>name</I> is an indexed or associative array.
+If <I>name</I> is an associative array, this unsets the element with
+subscript <B>*</B> or <B>@</B>.
+If <I>name</I> is an indexed array, unset removes all of the elements but
+does not remove the array itself.
<P>
When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command,
If <B>read</B> times out, <B>read</B> saves any partial input read into
the specified variable <I>name</I>.
If <I>timeout</I> is 0, <B>read</B> returns immediately, without trying to
-read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
+read any data.
+The exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+or the read will return EOF,
+non-zero otherwise.
The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
<DT><B>-u </B><I>fd</I>
not reset.
Turning this option off causes the effective user
and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+<DT><B>-r</B>
+
+<DD>
+Enable restricted shell mode.
+This option cannot be unset once it has been set.
<DT><B>-t</B>
<DD>
<DT><B>restricted_shell</B>
<DD>
-The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see
+The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
+(see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>RESTRICTED SHELL</B>
</FONT>
</DL></DL>
+<DT><B>compat51</B><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT>*<DD>
+The <B>unset</B> builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts <B>@</B>
+and <B>*</B> differently depending on whether the array is indexed or
+associative, and differently than in previous versions.
+</DL></DL>
+
+
</DL>
builtin command
<DT>*<DD>
turning off restricted mode with
-<B>set +r</B> or <B>set +o restricted</B>.
+<B>set +r</B> or <B>shopt -u restricted_shell</B>.
</DL>
<P>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2021 November 16<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2021 November 22<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 16 November 2021 10:03:07 EST
+Time: 22 November 2021 11:02:25 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021).
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021).
- This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1.
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1.
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
partial input read into the specified variable NAME. If
TIMEOUT is 0, 'read' returns immediately, without trying to
read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
- the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit
- status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+ the specified file descriptor, or the read will return EOF,
+ non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if
+ the timeout is exceeded.
'-u FD'
Read input from file descriptor FD.
causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real
user and group ids.
+ '-r'
+ Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be unset
+ once it has been set.
+
'-t'
Exit after reading and executing one command.
19. Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit.
- 20. Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the 'cd'
- builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the 'cdspell'
- option to the 'shopt' builtin in *note The Shopt Builtin::).
+ 20. If the 'cdspell' shell option is enabled, the shell will attempt
+ simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the 'cd'
+ builtin (see the description of the 'cdspell' option to the 'shopt'
+ builtin in *note The Shopt Builtin::). The 'cdspell' option is
+ only effective in interactive shells.
21. The shell will check the value of the 'TMOUT' variable and exit if
a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described
above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset
the variable. 'unset NAME', where NAME is an array, removes the entire
-array. A subscript of '*' or '@' also removes the entire array.
+array. 'unset NAME[SUBSCRIPT]' behaves differently depending on the
+array type when given a subscript of '*' or '@'. When NAME is an
+associative array, it removes the element with key '*' or '@'. If NAME
+is an indexed array, 'unset' removes all of the elements, but does not
+remove the array itself.
When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a
command, such as with 'unset', without using the word expansion syntax
* Using the 'enable' builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins.
* Specifying the '-p' option to the 'command' builtin.
- * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'set +o restricted'.
+ * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'shopt -u
+ restricted_shell'.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
when producing output that can be reused as input. Bash-5.1
suppresses that message when the '-l' option is supplied.
+'compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT)'
+ * The 'unset' builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts
+ '@' and '*' differently depending on whether the array is
+ indexed or associative, and differently than in previous
+ versions.
+
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Job Control, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: Bash Features, Up: Top
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 211)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 488)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 584)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 585)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 221)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 261)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 593)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 594)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 113)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 359)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 365)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 598)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 630)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 636)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 599)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 631)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 637)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 414)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 742)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 743)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 432)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f135609
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f137644
Node: Bash Builtins\7f159102
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f189916
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f190258
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f200685
-Node: Special Builtins\7f216396
-Node: Shell Variables\7f217372
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f217806
-Node: Bash Variables\7f219907
-Node: Bash Features\7f252719
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f253729
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f259739
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f264839
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f265246
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f265892
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f266704
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f270214
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f274853
-Node: Aliases\7f277794
-Node: Arrays\7f280404
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f286410
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f287191
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f291448
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f294410
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f297004
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f308274
-Node: Job Control\7f314927
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f315384
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f320383
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f325780
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f326933
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f328601
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f330221
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f331409
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--5.863 E F1(set)3.363 E F0(and)3.363 E F1(declar)3.363 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
-(bu)108 328.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
+5.041 E F1 -.18(re)2.541 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.541 G .041(iltin ac-).2
+F .863(cepts a)108 352.8 R F1<ad61>3.363 E F0 .864
+(option to assign a list of w)3.363 F .864
+(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.864(.T)-.65 G(he)
+-5.864 E F1(set)3.364 E F0(and)3.364 E F1(declar)3.364 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)108 364.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 345.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\
-rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 357.6 R 3.26
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 381.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\
+rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 393.6 R 3.26
(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76
-(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 369.6 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F2
-(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201(tilde e)
+(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 405.6 S .2(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
+2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201(tilde e)
2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)3.951 E .201
-(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .2
-(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 381.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)
+(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .201
+(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 417.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)
2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)3.75 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0
-(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 398.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15
-F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F
-.419(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 410.4
-S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15
-F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)
--.15 E(sion.)108 422.4 Q .257
-(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 439.2 R
+(.).24 E .419(The order of e)108 434.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15
+F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F
+.418(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 446.4
+S .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15
+F .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)
+-.15 E(sion.)108 458.4 Q .257
+(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 475.2 R
.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257
-(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
-E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 451.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G
+(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
+E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 487.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G
(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.)
--.15 E .003(After these e)108 468 R .003
+-.15 E .002(After these e)108 504 R .003
(xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w)
--.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002
-(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 480 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
+-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003
+(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 516 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1
-E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 496.8 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171
+E F0(\).)A .172(Only brace e)108 532.8 R .172(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171
(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F .171
-(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .172(ords of the e)-.1 F
-(x-)-.15 E .777(pansion; other e)108 508.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F
+(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F .171(ords of the e)-.1 F
+(x-)-.15 E .776(pansion; other e)108 544.8 R .776(xpansions e)-.15 F
.776(xpand a single w)-.15 F .776(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.276
(ord. The)-.1 F .776(only e)3.276 F .776(xceptions to this are the e)
--.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 520.8 R F1($@)A F0 3.195("a)C
-.695(nd ")-3.195 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 .696
+-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .696(pansions of ")108 556.8 R F1($@)A F0 3.196("a)C
+.696(nd ")-3.196 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 .696
(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.196 E F0(and)3.196 E F1(${)3.196 E F2
-(name)A F1([*]})A F0 .696(as e)3.196 F .696(xplained abo)-.15 F .996
--.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.196 G(-).666
-E(RAMETERS)108 532.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87
-549.6 Q F2(Br)108.58 561.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
+(name)A F1([*]})A F0 .695(as e)3.196 F .695(xplained abo)-.15 F .995
+-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.195 G(-).666
+E(RAMETERS)108 568.8 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87
+585.6 Q F2(Br)108.58 597.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
-.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 573.6 Q F2 .415
+.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 609.6 Q F2 .415
(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .074(form of an optional)108 585.6 R F2(pr)3.823 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .073(form of an optional)108 621.6 R F2(pr)3.823 E(eamble)
-.37 E F0 2.573(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.573 E .073
(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
-F(xpres-)-.15 E .489(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 597.6 R
-.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.49(.T).68 G
-.49(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.49 F .49(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(c\
-ontained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each\
- resulting string, e)108 609.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
-621.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 638.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F
-.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
+F(xpres-)-.15 E .49(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 633.6 R
+.489(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)4.239 E F0 5.489(.T).68 G
+.489(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.489 F .489(ed to each string)-.15 F .659
+(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
+ch resulting string, e)108 645.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
+108 657.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 674.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
+F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
-108 650.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.149(As)
-108 667.2 S .649(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F .649
+108 686.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
+(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.148(As)
+108 703.2 S .648(equence e)-3.148 F .648(xpression tak)-.15 F .649
(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.149 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
F1(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F2(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F2(y)
-3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .648
-(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F2(incr)108 679.2 Q F0 2.615(,a)C
+3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .649
+(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F2(incr)108 715.2 Q F0 2.615(,a)C
2.615(no)-2.615 G .115(ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E
5.115(.W)-.55 G .115(hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e)
--.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.014
-(ber between)108 691.2 R F2(x)3.514 E F0(and)3.514 E F2(y)3.513 E F0
+-.15 F .115(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F 1.013
+(ber between)108 727.2 R F2(x)3.513 E F0(and)3.513 E F2(y)3.513 E F0
3.513(,i)C(nclusi)-3.513 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.013(.S).15 G 1.013
(upplied inte)-6.013 F 1.013(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F 1.013(ed with)
--.15 F F2(0)3.513 E F0 1.013(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.313 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014(same width.)108 703.2 R .014(When either)5.014
-F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with \
-a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15
-F 1.131(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108
-715.2 R 6.131(.W)-.65 G 1.13(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F
-1.13(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .484(pands to each character le)108
-727.2 R .484(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)2.984 E F0(and)2.984 E
-F2(y)2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G
-.485(sing the def)-2.984 F .485(ault C locale.)-.1 F .485(Note that)
-5.485 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16)
-.15 E(21)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 F F2(0)3.513 E F0 1.013(to force each term to ha)3.513 F 1.314 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)
+-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(21)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 22 22
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BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(both)108 84 Q/F1
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)2.967 E F0(and)2.967 E F1(y)2.967 E F0 .467
-(must be of the same type \(inte)2.967 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .015(same width.)
+108 84 R .015(When either)5.015 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)2.515 E F0
+(or)2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell\
+ attempts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.13
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 96 R 6.131
+(.W)-.65 G 1.131(hen letters are supplied, the e)-6.131 F 1.131
+(xpression e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E .485(pands to each character le)108 108 R
+.485(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)2.985 E F0(and)2.984 E F1(y)
+2.984 E F0 2.984(,i)C(nclusi)-2.984 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.984(,u).15 G .484
+(sing the def)-2.984 F .484(ault C locale.)-.1 F .484(Note that)5.484 F
+(both)108 120 Q F1(x)2.966 E F0(and)2.966 E F1(y)2.966 E F0 .467
+(must be of the same type \(inte)2.966 F .467(ger or letter\).)-.15 F
.467(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the)5.467 F(dif)108
-96 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E
-(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108
-112.8 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
-(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
-(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
-(are preserv)108 124.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
-(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)
-5.016 E F0 .015(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 136.8 Q
+132 Q(ference between each term.)-.25 E(The def)5 E
+(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108
+148.8 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581
+(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581
+(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015
+(are preserv)108 160.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015
+(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)
+5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 172.8 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 153.6 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\
+-.15 E 2.502(Ac)108 189.6 S .002(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.502 F .001(\
xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\
- one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 165.6 R .458
+ one un-)-.15 F .457(quoted comma or a v)108 201.6 R .458
(alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.)
--.15 F(A)108 177.6 Q F2({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F2(,)2.521 E F0 .021
-(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15
-F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172
-(con\215icts with parameter e)108 189.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .458(xpansion is left unchanged.)
+-.15 F(A)108 213.6 Q F2({)2.522 E F0(or)2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F0 .022
+(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021
+(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.521(xpression. T)-.15
+F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172
+(con\215icts with parameter e)108 225.6 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15
F F2(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F
-.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 201.6 Q
+.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 237.6 Q
(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\
ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
-gs to be generated is)108 218.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 230.4 Q .3
+gs to be generated is)108 254.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 266.4 Q .3
-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144
-247.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 259.2 Q(cho)144
-271.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15
-E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 288 R .618
+283.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 295.2 Q(cho)144
+307.2 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15
+E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 324 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 300 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G .247
-(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 312 Q -.15
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 336 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247
+(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 348 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 324 Q F0 .514
-(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
-(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e)
-3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
-(If strict compatibility with)108 336 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 360 Q F0 .515
+(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
+(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e)
+3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436
+(If strict compatibility with)108 372 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 348 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 384 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)
2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09
-E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 364.8 S
-(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 376.8 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F
-1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.087
+E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 400.8 S
+(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 412.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F
+1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086
('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
\(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
-108 388.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 400.8 R .726
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 412.8 Q .523
-(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+108 424.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
+-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\
+ are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 436.8 R .725
+(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 448.8 Q .522
+(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 424.8 Q/F4
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
+-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 460.8 Q/F4
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-(be matched literally)108 84 Q(.)-.65 E
-(The special pattern characters ha)108 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 117.6
-Q F0 .376(Matches an)180 117.6 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376
-(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1
-(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 129.6
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.722(itself. The)
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+(wing character; the es-)-.25 F .418
+(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 96 R .418
+(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.418 F 2.919(ya)
+-.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 108 Q(.)-.65 E
+(The special pattern characters ha)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 141.6
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Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775
(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275
E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058
(will match all \214les and zero or more directories and subdirectories\
-.)180 141.6 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E
-F0(,)A(tw)180 153.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C
-(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 165.6 Q
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-F1([...])144 177.6 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 177.6 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579
-(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578
-(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684
-(denotes a)180 189.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E
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+(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 189.6 Q
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+F1([...])144 201.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 201.6 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578
+(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579
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3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)
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--.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)
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+-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)
-.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F
-1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 213.6 R 1.123
-(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0
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-1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895
-(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 225.6 R .894
-(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v)
-180 237.6 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_COLLA)2.875
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+(wing the)-.25 F F1([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0
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+(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 249.6 R .895
+(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v)
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E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F
-.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376
-(btain the tra-).8 F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 249.6 R
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-F -.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067
-(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 261.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0
-.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C
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+(btain the tra-).8 F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 273.6 R
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+F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068
+(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 285.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0
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2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0
-.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\
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be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)
-180 273.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F
-(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 285.6 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 303.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2
--.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1
-(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0
-(is one of the follo)180 315.6 Q
-(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889
-(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 327.6 R 5.889
-(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 339.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F
-F0 4.289(Ac)180 351.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289
-(yc)-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E
-F1 -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E
-(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 363.6 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 381.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537
-(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=])
-A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
- collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 393.6 R
-(the character)180 405.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 423.6 S(thin).4
+180 297.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F
+(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 309.6 Q -.4(Wi)
+180 327.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2
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+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1
+(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)
+180 339.6 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1
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+(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 363.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F
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+-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1
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+(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 387.6 Q -.4(Wi)
+180 405.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536
+(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=])
+A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
+ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 417.6 R
+(the character)180 429.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 447.6 S(thin).4
E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)
2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2
-(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .54(If the)108 440.4 R F1(extglob)3.04 E F0 .54
-(shell option is enabled using the)3.04 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.039 G .539(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .539
-(ral e).15 F .539(xtended pattern)-.15 F .037(matching operators.)108
-452.4 R .037(In the follo)5.037 F .037(wing description, a)-.25 F F2
-(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .038
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 464.4 Q F1
+(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .539(If the)108 464.4 R F1(extglob)3.039 E F0 .539
+(shell option is enabled using the)3.039 F F1(shopt)3.039 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.039 G .54(iltin, the shell recognizes se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .54
+(ral e).15 F .54(xtended pattern)-.15 F .038(matching operators.)108
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+(pattern-list)2.538 E F0 .037
+(is a list of one or more patterns separated by)2.538 F(a)108 488.4 Q F1
(|)2.5 E F0 5(.C)C
(omposite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)-5 E
-(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 488.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 500.4 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 512.4 Q F2
+(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 512.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
+(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 524.4 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 536.4 Q F2
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 524.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 536.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 548.4 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 560.4 Q F2
-(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 572.4 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 584.4 Q F2
-(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 596.4 Q(ything e)
+(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 548.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 584.4 Q F2
+(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 596.4 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 608.4 Q F2
+(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 620.4 Q(ything e)
-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)
--2.5 E .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 613.2 R F1(dotglob)3.488
+-2.5 E .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108 637.2 R F1(dotglob)3.488
E F0 .988
(shell option determines the set of \214lenames that are tested: when)
-3.488 F F1(dotglob)108 625.2 Q F0 1.391
-(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.891 F
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-E 2.872 -.74('' m)-.7 H 1.392(ust be).74 F .298
-(matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that be)108 637.2 R .298
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+(is enabled, the set of \214lenames includes all \214les be)3.892 F
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(gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15
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-(`.)-.74 E 1.807 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327
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+(`.)-.74 E 1.808 -.74('' u)-.7 H .327
(nless the pattern or sub-pattern be).74 F .327(gins with a `)-.15 F(`.)
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-(ve)-.15 G 2.828(,`).15 G(`.)-3.568 E 1.808 -.74('' o)-.7 H .328
-(nly has a).74 F(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 661.2 Q
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-.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968
-(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .09
-(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 690 R .091
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+(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091
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-SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113
-(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.113
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(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
-3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
-1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15
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+1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15
(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e)
108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F
/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E(ected)-.37 E F0 .545
-(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .429(by the shell.)108
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148.8 R F3(Redir)5.428 E(ection)-.37 E F0(allo)2.928 E .428(ws commands\
' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25
-F(dif)108 160.8 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the \
-command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be)
-6.02 F .215(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108
+F(dif)108 160.8 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the c\
+ommand reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be)
+6.019 F .215(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108
172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F
(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862
(may precede or appear an)108 184.8 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3
(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5
(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection that may be p\
receded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded by a w)108
-213.6 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0
+213.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0
2.793(}. In)B .293(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F
-.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108
+.293(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108
237.6 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)
--3.18 F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
+-3.179 F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 249.6 Q
-F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.099 E F0 .599
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F3
-(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F
-.794(persists be)108 261.6 R .794(yond the scope of the command, allo)
--.15 F .793(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')
--.25 F(s)-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 273.6 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1
-(va)2.5 G(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)
-2.5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .283(In the follo)108 290.4 R .284(wing descr\
-iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\
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-3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
+F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F3(varname)3.1 E F0 .599
+(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F3
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+(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F .793(persists be)108 261.6 R .793
+(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F .794
+(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor')-.25 F(s)
+-.55 E(lifetime manually)108 273.6 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F1 -.1(va)2.5 G
+(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0(shell option manages this beha)2.5 E(vior)
+-.2 E(.)-.55 E .284(In the follo)108 290.4 R .283(wing descriptions, if\
+ the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of \
+the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 302.4 R F1(<)3.012 E F0
+3.012(,t)C .512
(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
(redirection operator is)108 314.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .824(The w)108 331.2 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463
-(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462
-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 355.2 R
-.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F
+-2.5 E .825(The w)108 331.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
+(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462
+(jected to brace e)108 343.2 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463
+(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 355.2 R
+.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F
.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
-F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1
+F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 367.2 S(rd,).1 E F1
(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 384 Q -.15
(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 400.8 Q F1(>)2.5
E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)-3.005 F .505
(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
(output before the standard output w)108 463.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
--.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 492 R .978
-(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
-(is running pro)3.478 F .977
+F3(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
+-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
+(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 492 R .977
+(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
+(is running pro)3.478 F .978
(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F
(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 504 Q
(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 520.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15
(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 580.8 Q F1(/de)
144 592.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180
604.8 Q F1(/de)144 616.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0
-(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497
-(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+(If)180 628.8 Q F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
(vice name,)180 640.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
652.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 664.8 Q F3
-(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496
-(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
(vice name,)180 676.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108
693.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
--2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
-an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046
-(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F
-(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 722.4 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.1)
-72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(29)185.545 E 0
+-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
+an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 710.4 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045
+(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F
+(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 722.4 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)
+72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(29)185.545 E 0
Cg EP
%%Page: 30 30
%%BeginPageSetup
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q
F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 158.4 Q
-(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174
+(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 170.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
-(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4
-R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083
+108 170.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
+(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4
+R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083
(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0
-.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F
+.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F
(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 194.4 Q
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
-(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
-.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 256.8 R
-.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
-(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
-5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
+(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
+.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 256.8 R
+.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
+(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
+5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
+(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
+297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
(Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455
(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)3.315 E F0
2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0
-.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0
+.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108
333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
(The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q
F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 384 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
(This construct allo)108 396 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\
e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 408 Q
F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 482.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 499.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614
+E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 516 R F2(wor)2.614
E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1
-<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115
-(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1
+<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114
+(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 528 Q F1
(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 544.8 S
-(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
(This construct allo)108 556.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
652.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E
F1(Her)87 669.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\
irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\
-l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .615
-(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
+l a line containing only)108 681.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 693.6 Q F0 .614
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 705.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E
F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q
-(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(30)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(30)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 31 31
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)A F0([)A F2<ad>A
F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144
-108 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302
+108 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108
136.8 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681
-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381
(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381
(is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n)
--2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773
+-2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774
(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 148.8 R 3.274
-(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195
+(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194
(are subjected to parameter e)108 160.8 R 1.194
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195
(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 172.8 Q F2(\\<newline>)
2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0
(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
+E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
(If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 201.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5
-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 218.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
2.5(Av)108 230.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
144 247.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 264 Q F1
-(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791
+(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 276 S
-1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
+1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .374(wline appended, \
+(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
+(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 288 R .375(wline appended, \
to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108
300 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2
(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 316.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
-328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
+328.8 Q([)144 345.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 362.4 R(If)5.127 E
-F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
+F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-374.4 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
-2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor)
-2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.649 E
-F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
-2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q
+374.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
+2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 386.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor)
+2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F0
+2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149
+(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
+2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 398.4 Q
(The operator)108 415.2 Q([)144 432 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F0 .444
+-.37 E F0 .443
(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 448.8 R
-(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406
+(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 460.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406
E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \
-a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor)3.544
-E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.204 E F0
-3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703
-(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0
-.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E
-.96
5(not e)108 484.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad>
-3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966
+a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 472.8 R F1(wor)3.543
+E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.203 E F0
+3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703
+(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.204 E F0
+.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F1(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E
+.96
6(not e)108 484.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad>
+3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965
(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
-3.466 F(pre)108 496.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 513.6 Q
(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 525.6 Q([)
144 542.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 559.2 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F1
-(digit)3.018 E F0 .518(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F1(n)3.378 E F0
-3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt)-3.018 G .517
-(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F1(n)3.017 E F0
-.517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F1
+(digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F1(n)3.377 E F0
+3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518
+(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F1(n)3.018 E F0
+.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 571.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0
(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly)
108 588 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 604.8 Q F1
(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F1(digit)2.767 E F0
-.267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F1(n)3.127 E F0 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767
-(rt)-2.767 G .268(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F
-F1(n)2.768 E F0 .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2
+2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0
+.268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768
+(rt)-2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F
+F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 633.6 Q F2
(Opening File Descriptors f)87 650.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
(The redirection operator)108 662.4 Q([)144 679.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)
A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F
(scriptor)108 708 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>
-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74
-E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)
-72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(31)185.545 E 0
+E(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)
+72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(31)185.545 E 0
Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Aliases)108 96
-Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)
--3.173 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
+Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)
+-3.174 F .674(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
ses that may be set and unset with the)108 108 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(alias)2.893 E F0(and)2.893 E F3(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393
-(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)
-4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48
-(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98
-(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .473
-(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472
-(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472
-(The characters)5.472 F F3(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F3($)2.972 E F0(,)A F3<92>
-2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.611 E F0 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611
-(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E
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+(iltin commands).2 F(\(see)108 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)
+4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48
+(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979
+(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F(check)108 132 Q .472
+(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473
+(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473
+(The characters)5.473 F F3(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F3($)2.973 E F0(,)A F3<92>
+2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 144 Q F3(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612
+(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E
(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
-(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 156 R 1.12
-(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
-1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
-(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F
-.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
-(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.296(not e)108 180 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3
-(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 192 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
-3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529
-(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne)
--3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 156 R 1.119
+(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
+1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
+(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 168 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F
+.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
+(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
+.295(not e)108 180 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F3(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F3
+.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F3
+(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 192 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
+3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528
+(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne)
+-3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 204 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 220.8 Q F3(alias)2.5 E F0
(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F3
-(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742
+(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .741
(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 237.6 R .741
(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E
-.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 249.6 Q
-F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108
-266.4 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0
-.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0
+.742(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 249.6 Q
+F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108
+266.4 R .283(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F3(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0
+.282(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 278.4 Q F3(shopt)2.5 E F0
(\(see the description of)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .436
+E .435
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-295.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
-(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67
+295.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1
+(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67
(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 307.2 R 3.17(eu)
-.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E
-1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059
-(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F
-.074(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15
+1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 319.2 R 1.059
+(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F
+.075(when it is e)108 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15
F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\
-and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G
-.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337
-(The commands follo)5.337 F .337
-(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108
+and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 343.2 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G
+.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337
+(The commands follo)5.337 F .338
+(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108
355.2 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This)
-3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e)
--.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-)
--.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\
-unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425
-(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.)
+-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-)
+-.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\
+unction is e)108 367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426
+(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.)
108 379.2 R .403
-(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F
--.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e)
+(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F
+-.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e)
108 391.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es)
-3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862
(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F3
(alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 403.2 Q -.15
(Fo)108 420 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F1
-(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 448.8 S .967
-(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
+(FUNCTIONS)72 436.8 Q F0 3.468(As)108 448.8 S .968
+(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 460.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
-ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315
+.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 460.8 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
+ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316
(mands associated with that function name is e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15
-G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316
-(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036
-(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
-(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035
-F .639(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
+G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315
+(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035
+(shell; no ne)108 484.8 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
+(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
+F .64(function is e)108 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 508.8
-R F3(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532
-(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F
-.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 508.8
+R F3(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532
+(Special parameter)5.532 F F3(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F
+.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 520.8 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E
(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108
537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
-1.215(these e)108 549.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG)
--.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215
-(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL)
-.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479
+1.214(these e)108 549.6 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG)
+-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F3(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215
+(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F3(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 561.6 S(IL)
+.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F3(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E
-.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar)
+-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F3(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
+.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 573.6 R F4(declar)
2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
-.25 F F3 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 585.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3
+(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F3(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 585.6 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F3
(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F3(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
-(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322
+(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321
F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 597.6 Q F3(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .656
+(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 614.4 S .655
(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F3(local)
-3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E
-3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 626.4 R .05
+3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E
+3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 626.4 R .051
(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I)
--.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F3(local)
-2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G
-(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\
-hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.185(Local v)
-6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154
+-.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F3(local)2.55 E
+F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55
+E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\
+luding the functions it calls\).)108 638.4 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F
+(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 650.4 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155
(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.)
--.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F
-.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108
-662.4 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\
- to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688
+-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F
+.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108
+662.4 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \
+to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 674.4 R .688
(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688
(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688
-(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .727
-(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726
-(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726
-(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726
-(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 715.2 R .007
+(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 686.4 Q .726
+(The shell uses)108 703.2 R F2 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726
+(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727
+(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727
+(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 715.2 R .008
(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007
(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.)
-108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
-(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813
-(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72
-768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(32)185.545 E 0 Cg
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.)
+108 727.2 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
+(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814
+(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72
+768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(32)185.545 E 0 Cg
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.116
--.65(y, w)-.15 H .816
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(an)108 84 Q 2.117
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(hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65
-F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
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108 96 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E
(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108
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(y)-.15 E(global v)108 136.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F1(var)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G
-.483(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482
-(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19
+(The)108 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G
+.482(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483
+(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19
(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 165.6 R .19
(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19
(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f)
--5.19 E 2.721(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\
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-func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 189.6 R .013
-(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014
-(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014
-(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v)
+-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 177.6 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \
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+(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014
+(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013
+(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v)
108 201.6 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F
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(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 213.6 Q
-(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0
--.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
+(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 230.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0
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(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108
242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.)
--.15 E .044(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
+-.15 E .043(If the b)108 259.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G
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-(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 283.2 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213
-(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213
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+(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 283.2 R
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+(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
(alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter)
108 295.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)
--2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358
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(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 312 R F2
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(shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046
-(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493
+(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492
(processes \(those created when e)108 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492
(cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492
-(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492
-(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 360 Q F2<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7
-(option to the)3.2 F F2(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F
-.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F2<ad66>3.201
-E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F2(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 372 S
-(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493
+(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 360 Q F2<ad66>3.201 E F0 .701
+(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201
+(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F
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+S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 388.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371
-(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322
+(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323
(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 400.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322
(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 412.8 Q
.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)
-72 429.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089
-(The shell allo)108 441.6 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089
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+(The shell allo)108 441.6 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089
(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089
-(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.588 E F0
-(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 453.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.452 G
-.952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952
+(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)3.589 E F0
+(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 453.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.453 G
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(compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0
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+3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 465.6 Q 1.057
(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057
-(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828
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(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 477.6 R(vity)-.25 E
3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829
-(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F
-(lo)108 489.6 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le)
-5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F
+(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F
+(lo)108 489.6 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)
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(of decreasing precedence.)108 501.6 Q F1(id)108 518.4 Q F2(++)A F1(id)
2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 530.4 S
(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 542.4 S
144 662.4 Q F2(&)108 674.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 674.4 Q F2(^)108 686.4 Q
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F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 156 Q .68(Shell v)108 172.8 R .68
(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 184.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4
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(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter)
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.165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F
-.421(ing the parameter e)108 208.8 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421
-(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F
-.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 220.8 R .154
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+(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va)
+-.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F
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(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he)
--2.654 E F2(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154
-(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154
-(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 232.8 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357
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(null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25
F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F
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(attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 244.8 Q
-(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 261.6 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F
-3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F
-<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with)
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-(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G
-.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,)
--.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 285.6 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815
-(he form [)-3.315 F F2(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F2(base)
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-F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 297.6 R F2(n)2.85 E F0 .35
-(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F2(base#)2.849 E F0 .349
-(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F
-(fying)108 309.6 Q F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\
-n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\
-o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518
+(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 261.6 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F
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+(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G
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+F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 297.6 R F2(n)2.849 E F0 .349
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(percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 321.6 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f)
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(may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108
-333.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234
+333.6 Q .235(Operators are e)108 350.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235
(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234
-(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235
+(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234
(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 362.4 S
(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 379.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256
-(Conditional e)108 391.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)
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+(Conditional e)108 391.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)
2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and)
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-.133(\214le attrib)108 403.2 R .133
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(utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E
-F1(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F1([)2.634 E F0 .134
-(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 415.2 Q .198
-(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197
-(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo)
--.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 427.2 Q .234
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+(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198
+(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo)
+-.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 427.2 Q .235
(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 444 R .234
-(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235
-(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .425
-(cially when the)108 456 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e)-2.925 F
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2.925(xpressions. If)-.15 F .425(the operating system on which)2.925 F
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-.344(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\
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-(\214le)2.845 E F0(ar)2.845 E(-)-.2 E .806
-(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)108 480 R F2(/de)3.306 E
-(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.305(,t)C .805(hen \214le descriptor)-3.305 F F2(n)
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-(\214le)3.305 E F0(ar)3.305 E(gu-)-.18 E .029
-(ment to one of the primaries is one of)108 492 R F2(/de)2.529 E
-(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)2.529 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.53(,o)C(r)
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-(le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respec-)-2.53 F(ti)108 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ly).15 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722
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+.345(special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate the\
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(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4
-(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 501.6 R 2.046
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(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E
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--.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 513.6 Q F0
-1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004
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3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)
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(script, and acts on the)144 96 Q F1(SIGINT)2.5 E F0
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(If the command does not terminate due to)144 112.8 R F1(SIGINT)2.788 E
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148.8 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(bash)3.309 E
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(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15
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-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 254.4 R F3
-(jobs)2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325
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Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 283.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\
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(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
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+4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.982 -.8
(To f)108 340.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
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-F 1.538(tion of a)108 352.8 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37
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(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
364.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
-(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 376.8 Q
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-(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16
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2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6
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--2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 412.8 R .551
-(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551
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-(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55
-G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717
-(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 436.8 Q 1.087
-(If the operating system on which)108 453.6 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
-(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
-(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 465.6 S
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+-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 412.8 R .551
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+(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 436.8 Q 1.088
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(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 477.6 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0
+F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 477.6 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0
7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
-2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C
-(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
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+(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
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489.6 R(to)108 501.6 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
(background, the)108 513.6 R F3(fg)2.67 E F0 .17
(command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F3
(kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F3(^Z)2.67 E F0
-(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 525.6 R 3.918
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+(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418
(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
108 537.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 554.4 R .777
(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3
(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 566.4
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(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
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(in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306
(substring matches more than one job,)108 614.4 R F3(bash)2.806 E F0
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-F3(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F3(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell')
-2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 626.4 R F5(curr)2.833 E .133
+F3(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F3(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell')
+2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 626.4 R F5(curr)2.832 E .133
(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133
(hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore)
--.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108
-638.4 R F5(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075
-(may be referenced using)2.805 F F3<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft)
--5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F3(%+)2.576 E F0(and)
-2.576 E F3<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317
+-.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108
+638.4 R F5(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076
+(may be referenced using)2.806 F F3<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft)
+-5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F3(%+)2.575 E F0(and)
+2.575 E F3<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317
(be used to refer to that job)108 650.4 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317
G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F3
-(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108
+(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108
662.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F3(+)2.533 E F0 2.533
(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F3<ad>2.533
-E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033
+E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032
(ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108
-674.4 Q(.)-.4 E .444
+674.4 Q(.)-.4 E .443
(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 691.2 R
-(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
--.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
-(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
-703.2 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
-(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F
+(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for)
+-.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C
+(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
+703.2 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
+(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F
(equi)108 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
-.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(mber 16).15 E(39)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)
+-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(39)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 40 40
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .131
-(The shell learns immediately whene)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj)
-.15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
-(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 96 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157
-(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158
-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 108 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148
-(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15
-(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0
-.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108
-120 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 136.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1
-(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533
-(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 148.8 R F1
-(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .13
+(The shell learns immediately whene)108 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15
+G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131
+(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 96 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G .158
+(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157
+(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157
+(option to)2.657 F(the)108 108 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147
+(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148
+(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15
+(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0
+.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108
+120 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 136.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1
+(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532
+(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032
+(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 148.8 R F1
+(shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002
(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002
-(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002
-(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)
+(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003
+(option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)
108 160.8 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955
-(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a)
-5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 172.8 R .604
+(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a)
+5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 172.8 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
(and an)108 184.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E
-.644(When the shell is w)108 201.6 R .644
-(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0
-(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 213.6 R F1
+.645(When the shell is w)108 201.6 R .645
+(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0
+(will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 213.6 R F1
<ad66>2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282
(to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F
(fore returning.)108 225.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 242.4 Q
-(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 254.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
-(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E
+(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 254.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645
+(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E
F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645
-(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428
-(and the secondary prompt)108 266.4 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427
-(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E
-F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037
-(it reads a command b)108 278.4 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E
-F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038
-(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
2(mand when the)108 290.4 R F1<ad78>
-3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
+(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427
+(and the secondary prompt)108 266.4 R F2(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427
+(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F1(Bash)5.428 E
+F0(displays)2.928 E F2(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038
+(it reads a command b)108 278.4 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.038(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.537 E
+F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037
+(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
1(mand when the)108 290.4 R F1<ad78>
+3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a)
-.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \
as follo)108 302.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 314.4 Q F0
(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 314.4 Q F1(\\d)144 326.4 Q F0
(the date in "W)180 326.4 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 338.4 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)
-A F1(})A F0(the)180 350.4 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)
-3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427
+A F1(})A F0(the)180 350.4 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)
+3.927 F F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427
(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
362.4 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
144 530.4 Q F0(the v)180 530.4 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 542.4 Q F0(the release of)180 542.4 Q
F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 554.4 Q F0 .12(the v)180
+(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 554.4 Q F0 .119(the v)180
554.4 R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F
.119(ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B F2($HOME)2.619 E F0
(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F(the v)180 566.4 Q
(\\[)144 650.4 Q F0(be)180 650.4 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\
characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
(control sequence into the prompt)180 662.4 Q F1(\\])144 674.4 Q F0
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 674.4 Q .12
+(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 674.4 Q .119
(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 691.2 R
-.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\
-n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
-tory \214le \(see)108 703.2 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
-(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 715.2 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
-osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
-(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 727.2 R .822
-(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822
-(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,)
--.15 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16)
+.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\
+ in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\
+ory \214le \(see)108 703.2 R F2(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+(be-)2.796 E(lo)108 715.2 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
+osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355
+(cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 727.2 R .822
+(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822
+(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,)
+-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22)
.15 E(40)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .683(arithmetic e)
-108 84 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .683
-(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-)
-3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 96 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197
-(command under)3.697 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)
--.09 E 1.197(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F
-1.198(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .682(arithmetic e)
+108 84 R .682(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .682
+(l, subject to the v).25 F .683(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(pr)3.183 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .683(shell option \(see the de-)
+3.183 F 1.198(scription of the)108 96 R F1(shopt)3.698 E F0 1.198
+(command under)3.698 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)
+-.09 E 1.197(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.447 E 3.697(w\). This)-.25 F
+1.197(can ha)3.697 F 1.497 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322
(side ef)108 108 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear \
within command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)
108 120 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(READLINE)72 136.8 Q F0 .15
+(READLINE)72 136.8 Q F0 .151
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 148.8 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 160.8 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385
-(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F1<ad65>2.884 E F0 .384
-(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G
-2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 172.8 S 1.406
+108 148.8 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 160.8 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2
+(vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384
+(editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F1<ad65>2.885 E F0 .385
+(option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G
+2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 172.8 S 1.407
(ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F
-3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407
+3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406
(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 184.8 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 196.8 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
--.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
+(\(see)108 196.8 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS)
+-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
-(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E
+(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E
(emacs)108 208.8 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 225.6 Q
F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
108 237.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1
-(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 249.6 R
-(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
-(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653
-(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)
-108 261.6 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)
-3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F
-F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13
--.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65
-(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 273.6 R F4 .599
-(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599
-(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599
-(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G
-.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F
-(the Control k)108 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4
-(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .596
-(Readline commands may be gi)108 302.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G
-(umeric)-3.096 E F4(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G .596
-(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108
-314.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G
-3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
+(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 249.6 R
+(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
+(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652
+(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)
+108 261.6 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G
+2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33
+E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1
+H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05
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-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 184.8 Q(en \(Off\))
-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 196.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21
(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to)
144 232.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\
eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F
-2.936(completions using a dif)144 244.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F
-7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935
-(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 256.8 Q
-F0(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577
+2.935(completions using a dif)144 244.8 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F
+7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936
+(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 256.8 Q
+F0(en)3.077 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577
(there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577
-(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 268.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\
+(for the cus-)3.077 F .134(tom suf)144 268.8 R .135(\214x "readline-col\
ored-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\
\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 280.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108
-292.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 304.8 R F1(On)
-4.079 E F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579
-(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58
+292.8 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 304.8 R F1(On)
+4.08 E F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579
+(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F 1.579
(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 316.8 R
(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25
E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(comment\255begin \(`)108 328.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .885
+(comment\255begin \(`)108 328.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884
(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 340.8 R F1
-(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 352.8 Q F1
+(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 352.8 Q F1
(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\))
108 364.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\
-ble matches when performing completion.)144 376.8 R .194(The v)144 388.8
+ble matches when performing completion.)144 376.8 R .193(The v)144 388.8
R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\
-l screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F
+l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F
(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 400.8 Q(The def)5 E
(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 412.8 Q
(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 424.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\
insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1
-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 436.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144
+(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 436.8 Q F0 .094(If set to)144
448.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)
2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F
-.093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094
+.093(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093
(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 460.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5
G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E
.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1
(completion\255pr)108 472.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E
F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of po\
-ssible completions that is displayed)144 484.8 R 1.274
-(without modi\214cation.)144 496.8 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274
-(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275
+ssible completions that is displayed)144 484.8 R 1.275
+(without modi\214cation.)144 496.8 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274
+(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274
(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S(lue are replaced with a\
n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 520.8 Q F0 .53
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 532.8 R .529
-(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
-144 544.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
-.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
--.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 556.8 R
-.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 568.8 S .367
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 520.8 Q F0 .529
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 532.8 R .53
+(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
+144 544.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)
+3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56
+(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144
+556.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
+qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 568.8 S .368
(riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F
-2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368
-(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 580.8 R 3.173(Az)
-5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05
-E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 592.8
-Q F1(con)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612
-(If set to)144 616.8 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613
-(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
-(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
+2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367
+(re simply)-2.867 F .672(listed on the terminal.)144 580.8 R 3.172(Az)
+5.672 G .673(ero v)-3.172 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.173(ra).15 G .673(sk; ne)-3.173 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05
+E .973 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .673(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 592.8
+Q F1(con)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613
+(If set to)144 616.8 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613
+(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
+(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 628.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041
+144 628.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042
F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 640.8 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2
(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f)
-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
144 676.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E
F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 688.8 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
-1.211(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)
--3.711 G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15
-G 1.21(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
+1.21(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G
+1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
+(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1
-G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(mber 16).15 E(43)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+(mber 22).15 E(43)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 44 44
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .141
+SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .142
(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)
-5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1
-(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 120 Q F0 .518
-(If the)144 132 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
--.25(va)3.018 G .517
+SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)
+5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1
+(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 120 Q F0 .517
+(If the)144 132 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
+-.25(va)3.017 G .518
(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25
F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)
-144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622
-(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 156
-S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839
+144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621
+(alue is e)-.25 F .621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 156
+S 3.339(yb)-.05 G .839
+(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F .84
(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 168 S 2.798
(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298
(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F
(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
144 180 Q F1(enable\255acti)108 192 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E
-(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 204 Q F2(point)3.246 E F0 .746
-(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746
+(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 204 Q F2(point)3.245 E F0 .746
+(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746
(refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746
-(ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344
+(ursor position.)-3.246 F .746(The te)5.746 F .746(xt be-)-.15 F .344
(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 216 R F2 -.37(re)
2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-)
--2.845 F(lo)144 228 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.844 E F0 2.844(,r)C .344(eadline al-)
+-2.844 F(lo)144 228 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25
F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re)
-5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098
-(eadline high-)-2.598 F .628(lights the te)144 240 R .628(xt in the re)
+(eadline high-)-2.598 F .629(lights the te)144 240 R .628(xt in the re)
-.15 F .628(gion using the terminal')-.15 F 3.128(ss)-.55 G .628
(tandout mode.)-3.128 F .628(The acti)5.628 F .928 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15
-(eg).15 G .628(ion sho).15 F .629(ws the te)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E .448
-(inserted by brack)144 252 R .448(eted-paste and an)-.1 F 2.948(ym)-.15
-G .448(atching te)-2.948 F .447
+(eg).15 G .628(ion sho).15 F .628(ws the te)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E .447
+(inserted by brack)144 252 R .447(eted-paste and an)-.1 F 2.947(ym)-.15
+G .447(atching te)-2.947 F .448
(xt found by incremental and non-incremental his-)-.15 F(tory searches.)
144 264 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 276 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0
-1.221(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221
+1.222(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221
(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221
(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353
(paste into the editing b)144 300 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\
-g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543
+g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544
(it had been read from the k)144 312 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This)
-.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544
+.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543
(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.)
-144 324 Q F1(enable\255k)108 336 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893
+144 324 Q F1(enable\255k)108 336 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
(When set to)144 348 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
+.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
(tems need this to enable the arro)144 360 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 372 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 408 Q F0(If set to)144 420 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 432 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.052
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.052
E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\
e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E
F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\))
-108 468 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 480 R
+108 468 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 480 R
-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)
--3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599
-E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 492 R 2.983(we)-.25 G
-.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482
-(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277
-(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 504 R .277(By def)5.277 F
-.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278
-(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 516 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411
-F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2
-(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E
+-3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598
+E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 492 R 2.982(we)-.25 G
+.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483
+(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278
+(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 504 R .277(By def)5.278 F
+.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277
+(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 516 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F
+3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2
+(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E
(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 528 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 540 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448
-(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
-(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
+(horizontal\255scr)108 540 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
+(When set to)144 552 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
+(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
ne)144 564 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 576 R
(setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1
-(input\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)
-3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \
-is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336
+(input\255meta \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)
+3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \
+is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335
(characters it reads\), re)144 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335
-(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name)
-5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 624 S(ynon)
--2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E
+(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name)
+5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 624 S(ynon)
+-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E
.364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364
-(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365
-(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 636 Q F1
+(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364
+(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 636 Q F1
(isear)108 648 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))
-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\
ental search without subsequently e)144 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E
-.934(ing the character as a command.)144 672 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
-.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
-(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 684 Q F2
+.935(ing the character as a command.)144 672 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
+.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934
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--.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 132 R .825
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1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei)
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144 156 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407
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(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 180 R(alue,)-.25
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--2.551 E(to decide which k)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
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(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 312 R .456
(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
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--4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 360 Q
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(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 372 Q F0
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+ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 396 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C
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(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 408 Q F2
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3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
(tions at a time.)144 444 Q F2
-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .228
+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 456 Q F0 .227
(If set to)144 468 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\
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-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 480 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E
(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 492 T
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-F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699
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-(sho)108 588 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345
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(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
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(Readline implements a f)108 292.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
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(or the application using readline.)144 345.6 Q(The te)5 E
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3.065(mode. This)180 386.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)
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(out in emacs mode.)180 410.4 Q F1(term)144 427.2 Q F0(The)180 427.2 Q
-F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696
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-(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 439.2 R
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(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 451.2 Q F1(=)3.231
-E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
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--.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)
--.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)
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+-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)
+72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(48)185.545 E 0
Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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SF(non\255incr)108 84 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H
-(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)
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144 96 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line usin\
g a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 108 S
(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q
(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18
-E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \
+E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 132 R 1.354(ard through the history using a \
non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 144 Q
(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0
-.248(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \
+.249(Search forw)144 168 R .249(ard through the history for the string \
of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F
(and the point.)144 180 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1
-(history\255sear)108 192 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)
-144 204 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters bet\
-ween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 216 Q
+(history\255sear)108 192 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144
+204 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters between\
+ the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 216 Q
(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)
-108 228 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard \
-through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\
-he current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 252
-R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007
-(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5
+108 228 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard\
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+the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144
+252 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007
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(line. This)144 264 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1
(history\255substring\255sear)108 276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0
-.248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(ard through the history for the string \
-of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319
-(and the point.)144 300 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F
-.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental)
-5.318 F(search.)144 312 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 324 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G
+.249(Search forw)144 288 R .249(ard through the history for the string \
+of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318
+(and the point.)144 300 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F
+.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental)
+5.319 F(search.)144 312 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 324 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G
<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 336 R .622
(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25
-F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144
+F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144
348 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0
3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773
(ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773
-(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 360 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291
+(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 360 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292
(gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)
-2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291
-(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292
-(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 372 R .282(vious command.)
--.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281
-(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281
+(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291
+(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 372 R .281(vious command.)
+-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281
+(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282
(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 384 Q
(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 396 Q
-2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307
-(Insert the last ar)144 408 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307
-(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308
-(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S .204(th a numeric ar).4
-F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)
--.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203
-E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E
-(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 432 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507
+2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308
+(Insert the last ar)144 408 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307
+(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307
+(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 420 S .203(th a numeric ar).4
+F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)
+-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204
+E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E
+(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 432 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507
(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E
.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 444 R(An)5.416 E
2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416
-(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415
-(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 456 R 1.518 -.15
+(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416
+(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 456 R 1.518 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218
+-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217
(ument switches the direction).18 F .494
(through the history \(back or forw)144 468 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494
(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144
480 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)
--.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .622
+-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .623
(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622
-(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623
+(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622
(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5
(xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25
(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G
(or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
-(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .939
+(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .938
(Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
(See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E
-(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-)
--3.438 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
-108 564 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 576 R .437
-(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3
-(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
-(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)
--2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .395
-(Perform alias e)144 612 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
-(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1
+(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-)
+-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
+108 564 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 576 R .438
+(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3
+(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
+(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)
+-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .394
+(Perform alias e)144 612 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
+(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1
(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0
(Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 684 Q F0(In)144
-696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146
-(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
-(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E
+696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
+(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
+(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E
(tempts to in)144 708 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)
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-(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(49)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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%%Page: 50 50
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(Commands f)87 84 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(end\255of\255\214le)108 96 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))
-2.5 E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144
+2.5 E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144
108 R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799
-(.I)C 3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592
+(.I)C 3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592
(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 120 R
-.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
+.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
(as the end of input and returns)144 132 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5
E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 144 Q F0
-.442(Delete the character at point.)144 156 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1
-(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 168 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5
+.441(Delete the character at point.)144 156 R .442
+(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1
+(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 168 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5
E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
-108 180 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 192 R 5.553
+108 180 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 192 R 5.553
(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
-(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553
-(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 204 Q F1 -.25
-(fo)108 216 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 228 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474
-(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F
+(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
+(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 204 Q F1 -.25
+(fo)108 216 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 228 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
+(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 240 Q F1
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 252 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 252 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
264 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This)
-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779
-(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C
-(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 276 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
+(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C
+(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 276 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
108 288 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 300 Q(.)-.55 E F1
(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 312 Q F0
(Insert the character typed.)144 324 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))
-108 336 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 348 R .321
+108 336 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 348 R .321
(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321
-(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321
+(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322
(ard as well.)-.1 F .372
(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 360
-R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144
+R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144
372 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
-(transpose\255w)108 384 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144
-396 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
--.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)
--2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F
+(transpose\255w)108 384 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
+396 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
+-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 408 Q 2.5
(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 420 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 432
+(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 432
R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 444 S(rd, b).1 E
(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 456 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 468 Q 1.648
-(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148
-(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15
-(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre)
+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 468 Q 1.647
+(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
+(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
+(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 480 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 492 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 504
+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 504
R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 516 S(rd, b).1
E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 528
-S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 540 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438
-(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437
-(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 552 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15
-(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.)
--.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 564 Q F1
-(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G
-1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F2 -.37(re)4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894
-(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 576 R -.15(ove)3.968 G
-1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E
-F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F
-.958(pushing the te)144 588 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957
-(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0
-.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 600 Q
+S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 540 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
+(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
+(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
+(Wi)144 552 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
+-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
+(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
+(fects)-.25 E(only)144 564 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi)
+4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
+F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F2 -.37(re)
+4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969
+(mode. In)144 576 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469
+(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0
+1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957
+(pushing the te)144 588 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
+(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0
+.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 600 Q
(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87
616.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 628.8 Q F0
(Kill the te)144 640.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 700.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16)
+712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22)
.15 E(50)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
+SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .728
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q
(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1
E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R
-.728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S
+(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R
+.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
+.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
108 180 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025
(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 228 R .365
-(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1
-F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144
-240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 228 R .364
+(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
+F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
+240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144
264 R .166
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 276 Q
+-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 276 Q
(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0
(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312
(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.801(yt)-.1
-G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2
-E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 384 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0
-(Cop)144 408 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F
-2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55
-G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25
-(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
+2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
+-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 384
+Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
+F0(Cop)144 408 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
+F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
+-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
+-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
(yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S
(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367
(Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .367
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
+(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F0 .778(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
-3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
+E F0 .779(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
+3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R 1.23
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 604.8 R .823
+-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 604.8 R .822
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
-(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F
+(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing)
87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
--.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
--.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
-.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
+-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
+-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
+.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
+144 681.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
+(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1
(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16)
+-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22)
.15 E(51)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q F0 .783
(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783(xt before point that w)
-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by)
-.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1
-(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete)
-3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929
-(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194
-(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
+.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1
+(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete)
+3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929
+(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193
+(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
+(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
(\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727
(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E
-F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
+F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
(positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 240 Q F0 .234
(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 252 R .234
-(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735
+(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734
E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 264 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 456 Q F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .58
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .581
(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .581
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R
+(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
(\214nally e)144 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 528 Q F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 540 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
(Attempt completion on the te)144 564 R .425
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
(for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1(dab)108 588 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
+-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 600 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 612 Q F1
(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 624 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 700.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 712.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q
-(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(52)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
+(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(52)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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BP
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 84 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E
-F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
+F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appea\
r as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 120 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0
(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1
(Miscellaneous)87 148.8 Q -.18(re)108 160.8 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
-(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0
-1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777
-(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.249
+(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
+(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
+1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
+(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
+184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.248
(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 208.8 R
-5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
+5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
(bell\255style)144 220.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 232.8 Q(wer)-.1 E
(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x)
-4.238 E F0 1.739
-(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x)
+4.239 E F0 1.739
+(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
F(meta\214ed lo)144 256.8 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)
2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 268.8 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 292.8 Q F0
(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 304.8 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.231
-F 2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0
-.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
+2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0
+.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F
(turn the line to its initial state.)144 340.8 Q F1
(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 352.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 364.8 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
(Set the mark to the point.)144 388.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 400.8 Q F0(Sw)
-144 412.8 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+144 412.8 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
+2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
144 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144
-448.8 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144
+448.8 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
+(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
144 460.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.043
-(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.044
+(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
+(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 496.8 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.827
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.826
(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 520.8 R 2.126 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 532.8 R
-.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
+(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 532.8 R
+.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
-2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15
-(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F
+.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
+2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15
+(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F
(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\
ing stray characters into the editing b)144 556.8 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 568.8 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
+580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48
(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
-(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .244
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245
-(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322
+(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .245
+(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
+(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
(the characters at the be)144 616.8 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is)
--.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1
-(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
-(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
+(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
+-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1
+(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
+(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 640.8 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
-1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .839
-(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
+(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
+1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .84
+(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 664.8 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 676.8 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
-(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421
-(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 688.8 R .42
+(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42
+(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 688.8 R .421
(ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1
-(wa)144 700.8 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell)
-4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E
-(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)
-72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(53)185.545 E 0
+(wa)144 700.8 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell)
+4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217
+(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E
+(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)
+72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(53)185.545 E 0
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(glob\255complete\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144
+SF(glob\255complete\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144
96 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
-.791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
+.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
108 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\
ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 120 Q
-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 132 R .176
+(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 132 R .176
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 144 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
.872(the line is redra)144 192 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 204 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 216 Q F0 .626
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 228 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
-5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ex)144 204 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 216 Q F0 .627
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 228 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
+5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 240 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 252 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 264 R .762
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 276 R .108
-(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 288 Q
-(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 300 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
-(Print all of the readline k)144 312 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
-(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G
-3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 324 Q
+.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 264 R .762
+(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.)
+-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 276 R .109
+(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 288 Q
+(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 300 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
+(Print all of the readline k)144 312 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
+3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 324 Q
.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
(\214le.)144 336 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 348 Q
(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 360 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 376.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 376.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
388.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 400.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
-(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
+F2(compspec)108 400.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
+(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
-F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the)
+F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 412.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 429.6 R .498
-(If the command w)5.498 F .497
-(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108
+(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 429.6 R .497
+(If the command w)5.497 F .498
+(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108
441.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
-2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-)
-5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
-used to generate the list of possible completions)108 453.6 R .822
-(for the w)108 465.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
-.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
-ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 477.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\
+2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-)
+5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 453.6 R .823
+(for the w)108 465.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
+.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
+ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 477.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\
r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
-rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 489.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15
-G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0 .057
-(option to)108 501.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
+rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 489.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
+(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
+G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0 .056
+(option to)108 501.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056
(ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F
-.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 513.6 R .332(ord as a \
+.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 513.6 R .332(ord as a \
\214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1
-F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108
+F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108
525.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\
d to generate the list of matching w)108 542.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F
3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 554.4 Q
(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464
(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 571.2 R
-.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 583.2 R .596
-(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
+.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F
+.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 583.2 R .595
+(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
(shell v)108 595.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 612 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 624 S
-.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554
-(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
-(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E
+.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555
+(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555
+(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E
(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 636 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 652.8 Q
-.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
-F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
-(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 664.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
+.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18
+F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32
+(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108
+664.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
-.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
-(using brace e)108 676.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
+.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092
+(using brace e)108 676.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108
688.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-700.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
-(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
-(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21
+700.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21
+(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209
+(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209
(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 712.8 Q
-(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238
-(After these matches ha)108 729.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
-(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E
-F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385
-E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(54)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237
+(After these matches ha)108 729.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237
+(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238
+(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E
+F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(54)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.375
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.376
(options is in)108 84 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F
3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
-3.375(d, the).1 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F2 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F2(,)A F1(COMP_KEY)108 96 Q
-F2(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157
+3.375(d, the).1 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.875 E/F2 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F2(,)A F1(COMP_KEY)108 96 Q
+F2(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F1(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25(va)2.407 G .157
(riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457
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-(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986
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(d, the).1 F F1(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F1(COMP_CW)
3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F
-(When)5.986 E .347(the function or command is in)108 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G .347(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F3($1)A F0
-2.846(\)i)C 2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)
--2.846 F(guments)-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 132
-R .263(gument \()-.18 F F3($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264
-(he w)-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264
-(gument \()-.18 F F3($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 144 R
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-(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628
-(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 156 R
-.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\
+(When)5.985 E .346(the function or command is in)108 120 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
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+2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)
+-2.847 F(guments)-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 132
+R .264(gument \()-.18 F F3($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264
+(he w)-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263
+(gument \()-.18 F F3($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 144 R
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+(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629
+(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 156 R
+.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\
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-108 168 Q(An)108 184.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
--2.93
8 F F3<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+108 168 Q(An)108 184.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
+-2.93
7 F F3<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F
-2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437
-(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 196.8 Q F3(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
-(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
+2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438
+(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 196.8 Q F3(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
+(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456
(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F1(COMPREPL)108
208.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25
-E(Ne)108 225.6 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081
-(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F3<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081
-(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)
--2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 237.6 R
-.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \
-output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108
-249.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377
+E(Ne)108 225.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08
+(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F3<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081
+(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na)
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+(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 237.6
+R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\
+d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108
+249.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376
(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 266.4 R
-2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F3<ad58>2.876
-E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 278.4 R
-.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681
-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .682
-(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523
-(the w)108 290.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
-(iteral)-3.023 E F3(&)3.023 E F0 .522
+2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F3<ad58>2.877
+E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 278.4 R
+.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681
+(xpansion; a)-.15 F F3(&)3.181 E F0 .681
+(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522
+(the w)108 290.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G
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(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 302.4
-R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849
-(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F3
-(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 314.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764
+-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 302.4 R
+(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849
+(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading)
+-3.349 E F3(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 314.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764
(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764
(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F3(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 326.4 Q F0
+3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F3(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 326.4 Q F0
(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108
-343.2 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15
+343.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15
F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F3<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E
F3<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)
3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\
-tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 355.2 Q .247
+tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 355.2 Q .246
(If the pre)108 372 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)
-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F3 .247(\255o dir)
-2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F
+2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F
F3(complete)108 384 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E
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-(If the)108 400.8 R F3 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)
+(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462
+(If the)108 400.8 R F3 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)
2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)2.962 E F0 .462
(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1
F(pletion is attempted and an)108 412.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
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-(By def)108 429.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559
-(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F
-.631(of possible completions.)108 441.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1
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-(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632
-(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 453.6 R
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+(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631
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(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.)
--.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F3<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 477.6 Q F0 1.207
-(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F3(complete)3.707 E F0
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1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F
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+3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F
(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108
489.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)
2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \
-desired, the programmable completion func-)108 506.4 R .633(tions force\
+desired, the programmable completion func-)108 506.4 R .632(tions force\
readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\
- to directories, subject)108 518.4 R 2.761(to the v)108 530.4 R 2.761
-(alue of the)-.25 F F3(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761
-(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762
-(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F3(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 542.4
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+(alue of the)-.25 F F3(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761
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+.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108
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(tion with a def)108 571.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1
F F3 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp)
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(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\
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F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\
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-(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 607.2 R .665
-(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665
-(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108
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+(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 607.2 R .666
+(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666
+(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108
619.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)
--.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F
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.137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F
(the command, the follo)108 660 Q(wing def)-.25 E
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(.")144 700.8 S
(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108
712.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108
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-(mber 16).15 E(55)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+724.8 Q F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
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%%Page: 56 56
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+(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)
+2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25
+F .43(mands to sa)108 136.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43
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(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108
148.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E
(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 160.8
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(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565
(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0
-(and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 172.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
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A F0 .082
(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v)
-108 189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1
-E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108
+108 189.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1
+E F3(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108
201.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315
(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G
-.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659
-(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 213.6 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F4
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+(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 213.6 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F4
(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F5(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0
-.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 225.6 S
+.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 225.6 S
.142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142
(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142
-(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 237.6 Q 1.605
+(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 237.6 Q 1.604
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604
-(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15
-(stamps for the follo)108 249.6 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151
+(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151
+(stamps for the follo)108 249.6 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151
(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F
-.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 261.6 Q F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E
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-(copied from the history list to)108 273.6 R F4($HISTFILE)2.658 E F5(.)A
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-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F2(shopt)108
-285.6 Q F0(under)2.582 E F4 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082
+($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159
+(copied from the history list to)108 273.6 R F4($HISTFILE)2.659 E F5(.)A
+F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F2(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158
+(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F2(shopt)108
+285.6 Q F0(under)2.581 E F4 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081
(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082
(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F
-.196(history \214le is o)108 297.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If)
-.15 F F4(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\
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-(If the)108 309.6 R F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834
+.197(history \214le is o)108 297.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If)
+.15 F F4(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\
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+(If the)108 309.6 R F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834
G .584
(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25
-F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 321.6 R
-3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147
-(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148
-(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377
+F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 321.6 R
+3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147
+(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147
+(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376
(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 333.6
-R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G
-1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756
+R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G
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(truncated to contain no more than)108 345.6 R F4(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E
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(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 357.6 Q
(alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E
-(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299
-(The b)108 374.4 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see)
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-(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 386.4 R
-(The)5.471 E F2(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472
-(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002
+(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298
+(The b)108 374.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)
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+(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 386.4 R
+(The)5.472 E F2(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471
+(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001
(manipulate the history \214le.)108 398.4 R .001
-(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va)
--.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 410.4 Q
-(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 427.2
-R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486
+(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va)
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(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt)
--3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986
-E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 439.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G
-.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o)
--.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F2
+-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.985
+E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 439.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G
+.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o)
+-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F2
(cmdhist)108 451.2 Q F0 .75
(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05
-.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077
(the same history entry)108 463.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077
(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G
-1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.576 E F0
-.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 475.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2
-H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374
-(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319
-(description of the)108 487.2 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318
+1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0
+.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 475.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2
+H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373
+(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318
+(description of the)108 487.2 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318
(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F
-(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318
+(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319
(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108
499.2 Q F1(HIST)72 516 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)
--.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 528 R .611
-(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611
-(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section)-5.611
-F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 540 R -.25(va)-.2 G
-3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87
-(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F
-.949(can be disabled using the)108 552 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949
+-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 528 R .611
+(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61
+(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F
+.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 540 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371
+(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871
+(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F
+.95(can be disabled using the)108 552 R F2(+H)3.449 E F0 .949
(option to the)3.449 F F2(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949
-(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 564 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)
--.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E
-(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 580.8 R 1.306
-(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\
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-(commands, insert the ar)108 592.8 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21
+(iltin command \(see).2 F F4 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 564 Q 2.5
+(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
+(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E
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+-.18 F .209
(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108
+F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
621.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\
-s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 633.6 S .251
+s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 633.6 S .252
(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251
-(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252
-(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 645.6 Q .146
-(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\
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+(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 645.6 Q .145
+(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\
rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\
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-(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 669.6 R F3
--.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253
+r inclusion into the current one.)108 657.6 R .766
+(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 669.6 R F3
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(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor)
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--.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 693.6
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(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!)
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%%Page: 57 57
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(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
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1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108
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-(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 254.4 R
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(shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F
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-87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
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307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot)
.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q F0
-1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.608(xcept when follo)
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-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)
--4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 336 Q
+-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 336 Q
F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5
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(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 348 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>
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(string)144.34 396 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 408 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0
1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\
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(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 456 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 473 Q
-F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752
-(Quick substitution.)144 480 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753
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--.75(Wo)87 520.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 532.8 S 1.314
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(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e)
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3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1
($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
--3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516
+-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515
(are numbered from the be)108 556.8 R .516
(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516
-(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-)
+(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-)
.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 568.8
Q F1 2.5(0\()108 585.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 597.6
Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
F2(n)108.36 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
F1(^)108 621.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 621.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F
-(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 633.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 633.6
-R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064
+(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 633.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 633.6
+R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064
(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F
-.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 645.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E
-F1(%)108 657.6 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 657.6 R 1.42
-(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419
-(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F
+.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 645.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E
+F1(%)108 657.6 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 657.6 R 1.419
+(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42
+(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F
(character that is part of a w)144 669.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 681.6
Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 681.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1
E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1
-(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 693.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315
+(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 693.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316
(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F
F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)
-2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 705.6 Q(ord in the e)
+2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 705.6 Q(ord in the e)
-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15
E F1(x*)108 717.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 717.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E
-F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16)
+F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22)
.15 E(57)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 58 58
%%BeginPageSetup
(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 100.8 Q
(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 117.6 Q F0 .184
-(After the optional w)108 129.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
-G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
-.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 141.6 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 117.6 Q F0 .183
+(After the optional w)108 129.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4
+G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F
+.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 141.6 Q
(These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E
(ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 158.4 Q F0(Remo)144 158.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
206.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 206.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E
(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 218.4 Q F0
(Quote the substituted w)144 218.4 Q
-(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 230.4 Q F0 .385
-(Quote the substituted w)144 230.4 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885
-E F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1
-(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q)
-2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
+(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 230.4 Q F0 .386
+(Quote the substituted w)144 230.4 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886
+E F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1
+(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q)
+2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
242.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 254.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A
-F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E
-F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469
+F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 266.4 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E
+F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469
(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969
-(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953
+(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954
(delimiter in place of /.)144 278.4 R .953
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
-5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131
+5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131
(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 290.4 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401
E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131
(If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631
-(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 302.4 R F2
+(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 302.4 R F2
(old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.)
-2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last)
-3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 314.4 R
-2.987(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486
+3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 314.4 R
+2.986(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486
(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326
-E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986
-(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 326.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0
+E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987
+(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 326.4 Q(w)-.15 E F0
(is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&)
108 338.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 338.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1
-(g)108 350.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 350.4 R -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398
-(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A
-F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 362.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2
-(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351
-(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35
-(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F
+(g)108 350.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 350.4 R -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398
+(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A
+F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 362.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2
+(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35
+(used with `)2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351
+(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F
(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 374.4 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0
(may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108
386.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 386.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C
2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E
(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0
-SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062
+SF(SHELL B)72 403.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063
(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 415.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\
ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108
427.2 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 .577
(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0
(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577
-(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 439.2 R F1
+(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 439.2 R F1
<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit)
2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n)
-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A
F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 451.2 R .261
-(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261
-(without requiring)2.76
1 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
--5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26
+2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 451.2 R .26
+(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261
+(without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
+-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261
(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)
108 463.2 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154
(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108
475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 493.2 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 505.2 R .452
+([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 505.2 R .451
(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)
--.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F
-2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 517.2 R
+-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F
+2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 517.2 R
(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 534 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0
([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 546 Q(ce)-.18 E F2
(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02
(Read and e)144 558 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2
(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02
-(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331
+(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33
(status of the last command e)144 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331(cuted from)
.15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2(\214lename)
-5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .022(names in)
-144 582 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .022
-(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F2(\214lename)4.432
-E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E F0 .023
-(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 594 S 3.861(cutable. The).15 F
-1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA)3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0
-1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86(cutable. When).15 F F1
-(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F2(posix)3.86 E(mode)144 606 Q F0
-2.648(,t)C .148
-(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4
--.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the)
-4.648 F F1(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1
-(shopt)144 618 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F
+5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F .023
+(names in)144 582 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189 E F0
+.022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2(\214lename)
+4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E F0 .022
+(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 594 S 3.86(cutable. The).15 F
+1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86 G(TH)-.189 E F0
+1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861(cutable. When).15 F F1
+(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 606 Q
+F0 2.649(,t)C .148
+(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.649 F F4
+-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .148(If the)
+4.648 F F1(sour)2.648 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .148(option to the)2.648 F F1
+(shopt)144 618 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2 F
1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159
-(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.659 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 630 Q 3.691(yb)
--.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F2
-(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692
-(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82
-(rameters are unchanged.)144 642 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0
-.82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32
-(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32
-(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 654 Q(y)
--.15 E F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1
-(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the)
-3.323 F F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 666
-
R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227
+(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E
+(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 630 Q 3.692(yb)-.15
+G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2(\214lename)
+3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691(cuted. Otherwise).15
+F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82(rameters are unchanged.)144 642 R
+.82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0 .82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)
+3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32(yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1
+(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32
+(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 654 Q(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0
+.823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822
+(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)
+-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the)3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E
+F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726
+(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227
(is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is)
--2.976 F .89(retained when)144 678 R F1(.)3.39 E F0 3.39(completes. The)
-3.39 F .891(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F
-.891(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 690 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E
-F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 706.8 Q F0([)2.5
-E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 718.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
+(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is)
+-2.977 F .891(retained when)144 678 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391
+(completes. The)3.391 F .891
+(return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89
+(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 690 Q -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0
+(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 706.8 Q F0([)2.5 E
+F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])
+-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 718.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724
(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724
-(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E
+(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E
F2(name)144 730.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
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399 E .174(either the)144 612 R F1<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1<ad76>
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(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
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388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
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(\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 652.8 Q
F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\
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676.8 Q F2(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym)
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(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
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%%Page: 62 62
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(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S
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(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 492 Q F2
-(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
+(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 516 Q F1<ad46>144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114
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(The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1
-($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817
+(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 552 R
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(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
(are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103
-(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w)
--2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R
-.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the)
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 576 R .104
+(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
+-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 588 R
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-.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
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F1<ad50>144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
-F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534
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(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1<ad53>144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
-(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14
-(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981
-(each resultant w)184 720 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)
--.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37
-E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pro)184 84 Q .765
-(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(pro)184 84 Q .766
+(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 96 S 1.965(lue of).25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)4.465 E/F2 9
+(va)184 96 S 1.964(lue of).25 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)4.464 E/F2 9
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(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.465 F(match the w)184 108 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F3 10
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/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad58>144 120 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5
-E(\214lterpat)184 132 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e)
-2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456
+E(\214lterpat)184 132 Q F0 .456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)
+2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455
(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 144 R 1.596
(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 156 Q F4(\214lterpat)
-3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F3(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F4(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705
+3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
+(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F3(!)3.204 E F0
+(in)3.204 E F4(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 168 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F4(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 184.8 R .467
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 184.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F3<ad70>2.966 E F0
-(or)2.966 E F3<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361
-(plied without a)144 196.8 R F4(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
-(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F4(name)144 208.8 Q F0
+(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F3<ad70>2.967 E F0
+(or)2.967 E F3<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
+(plied without a)144 196.8 R F4(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
+(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F4(name)144 208.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
F3(compopt)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6f>A F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(+o)-2.5 E F4(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 237.6
R F4(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F4(option)2.947 E F0
-.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 249.6 R F4(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F4(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
+.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
+(completion if no)144 249.6 R F4(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F4(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 261.6 Q F4(name)
-3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
+3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F4(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F3(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
-2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F3(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 273.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
-5.178 E F3<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
-1.228(the `)144 285.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+1.227(the `)144 285.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 297.6 R 2.038
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F3<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039
-(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539
-(should apply to `)144 309.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538
+no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 297.6 R 2.039
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F3<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
+(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538
+(should apply to `)144 309.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
--4.03
9 F(The)144 321.6 Q F3<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
+-4.03
8 F(The)144 321.6 Q F3<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02
-F .868(assignment w)144 333.6 R .868
+F .867(assignment w)144 333.6 R .868
(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F3(;)3.368
-E F0(or)3.368 E F3(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-)
--3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 345.6 Q .431(The return v)144 369.6 R
+E F0(or)3.368 E F3(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-)
+-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 345.6 Q .432(The return v)144 369.6 R
.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
(tions for a)144 381.6 Q F4(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F3(continue)108 398.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F4(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 410.4 R .851
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F3 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
+2.5 E F4(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 410.4 R .85
+(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F3 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F3(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F3(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F3
-(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F4(n)3.71 E F0 .85
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 422.4 R F4(n)2.703 E F0
-.203(th enclosing loop.)B F4(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F5 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F4(n)3.064 E F0 .204
-(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184
+(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F4(n)3.711 E F0 .851
+(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 422.4 R F4(n)2.704 E
+F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F4(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F5 10
+/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F4(n)3.063 E F0 .203
+(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183
(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 434.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183
-(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F4(n)3.683 E F0
-1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 446.4 Q F3(declar)
+G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184
+(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F4(n)3.684 E F0
+1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 446.4 Q F3(declar)
108 463.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F3
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
(..])-2.5 E F3(typeset)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0
2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F4(value)A F0
-2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 487.2 R 1.264
-(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F
+2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 487.2 R 1.265
+(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F
3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F4(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
-(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)
--3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 499.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
+(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)
+-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 499.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
F F3<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F4(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
G(hen)-5.96 E F3<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 511.2 Q F4
-(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274
+(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275
(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F3<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)
-2.775 E F3<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
-5.275 E F3<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 523.2 Q
-F4(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib)
--.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289
-(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 535.2 Q .38
+2.775 E F3<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)
+5.274 E F3<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 523.2 Q
+F4(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib)
+-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29
+(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 535.2 Q .38
(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38
(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F3<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F3
-(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144
-547.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
-(ariables. The)-.25 F F3<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.106
-(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144
-559.2 R(The)5.299 E F3<ad46>2.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\
- of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54
-(and attrib)144 571.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F
-F3(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F
-F3(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648
+(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144
+547.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606
+(ariables. The)-.25 F F3<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.107
+(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .3(shell functions.)144
+559.2 R(The)5.3 E F3<ad46>2.8 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display of \
+function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.8 F 1.54(and attrib)144
+571.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F F3(extdeb)4.04 E
+(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F F3(shopt)4.04 E
+F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648
(name and line number where each)144 583.2 R F4(name)3.148 E F0 .648
(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F3<ad46>3.148 E
-F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F3<ad66>144 595.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he)
--5.837 E F3<ad67>3.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836
+F0 .648(option implies)3.148 F F3<ad66>144 595.2 Q F0 5.836(.T)C(he)
+-5.836 E F3<ad67>3.336 E F0 .836(option forces v)3.336 F .837
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.336(nw).15 G(hen)-3.336 E F3(de-)3.336 E(clar)144 607.2 Q
-(e)-.18 E F0 .818(is e)3.318 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .818
+(ve)-.25 G 3.337(nw).15 G(hen)-3.337 E F3(de-)3.337 E(clar)144 607.2 Q
+(e)-.18 E F0 .819(is e)3.319 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .819
(cuted in a shell function.).15 F .818
-(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.818 F(The)5.819 E F3<ad49>3.319 E
-F0 .819(option causes local)3.319 F -.25(va)144 619.2 S .694
-(riables to inherit the attrib).25 F .694(utes \(e)-.2 F .694(xcept the)
--.15 F F4(namer)3.194 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.194 E .693(ute\) and v)-.2
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-(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-)
+(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-)
-.2 E(prets the follo)144 168 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
180 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 180 Q F1(\\b)144 192 Q F0(backspace)180 192
Q F1(\\c)144 204 Q F0(suppress further output)180 204 Q F1(\\e)144 216 Q
(the eight-bit character whose v)180 324 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 336 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
-1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 348 R 1.506
-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
-4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 360 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
-(\\U)144 372 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
+1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 348 R 1.507
+(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
+4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 360 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
+(\\U)144 372 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 384 R .547
-(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
-3.048 E(HHH)180 396 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
+(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
+3.047 E(HHH)180 396 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
-2.5 E F1(enable)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 424.8 R
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 424.8 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
-(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833
+(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834
(the same name as a shell b)144 436.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
+(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989
(the shell normally searches for b)144 448.8 R .989
-(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
-(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648
+(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99
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(abled; otherwise,)144 460.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F
F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)
+SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b)
144 472.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E
-F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 484.8 S
+F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 484.8 S
1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)
4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v)
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144 496.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4
E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606
-(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548
-(directories in which to search for)144 508.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0
-5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F
-(The)5.549 E F1<ad64>3.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547
-(delete a b)144 520.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with)
--.25 F F1<ad66>3.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2
+(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549
+(directories in which to search for)144 508.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0
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(name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.546(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545
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(supplied, a list of shell b)144 532.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
--.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546
+-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545
(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 544.8
R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695
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-(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261
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(list printed includes all b)144 556.8 R .261
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F
-(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269
+(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268
(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 568.8 R F2(special)
-2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268
-(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284
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(is not a shell b)144 580.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284
(will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284
-(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785
-(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 592.8 R
+(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784
+(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 592.8 R
F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G
1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E
F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 604.8 S
(iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G
(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 621.6 T(l).15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 633.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671
-(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479
-(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
-(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no)
--2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 657.6 Q
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 633.6 Q F2(ar)3.171
+E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671
+(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67
+(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 645.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
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+-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 657.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
(exec)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 686.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
-(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
-(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 698.4 R .177
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+(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 698.4 R .176
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
-(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176
+(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 710.4 R .48(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)
3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 722.4 Q F0 .639
-(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
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+(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
-(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
-3.318 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.077(zeroth ar)
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F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077
-(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .877 -.15(ve s)
--.25 H .577(hell e).15 F .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576
+(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 96 Q .876 -.15(ve s)
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(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 108 R
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(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15
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-(edirections tak)-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287
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+120 R F2(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F1(command)
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+(edirections tak)-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288
(ect in the current shell,).25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 132 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F2(exit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0
-(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 148.8 R .095(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n)2.955 E F0 .096
-(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)
+(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 148.8 R .096(xit with a status of)
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+(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
-.15 F -.15(exe)144 160.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2(export)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5
E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E
-F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 201.6 R
+F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 189.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 201.6 R
F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F
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-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 213.6 R(the)2.626 E F2
-<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the)
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.15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
-5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127
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(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>144 225.6 Q F0 .048
-(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v)
--.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F2<ad6e>2.547 E F0
-.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 237.6 S 1.446
+(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)
+-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F2<ad6e>2.548 E F0
+.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 237.6 S 1.447
(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
(rom each)-3.947 F F1(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F1(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 249.6 S .742(lue of the v)
-.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2
-(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741
-(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is)
-.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.531 E F0 .031
-(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
-F F2<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F1(name)2.892 E F0
-(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 273.6 Q F2(fc)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5
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+.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2
+(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742
+(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
+.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 261.6 R F1(names)2.532 E F0 .032
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+(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 273.6 Q F2(fc)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5
E F2<ad65>A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108
302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432
+(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431
(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 314.4 R F1<8c72>
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-(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144
-326.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F1 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
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.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F1(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
-144 338.4 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)
--.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071
+144 338.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
+F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071
(is used as an of)144 350.4 R .071
(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a)
5.071 F F1<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F1(last)2.571 E F0 .071
(lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F
F1(last)2.832 E F0 .242
(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F
-.093(ing \(so that)144 386.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510)
-2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F1<8c72>
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-F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 398.4 Q
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-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E
F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 144 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
-.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 156 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
+.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2
+G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 156 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 168 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
-(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2
-(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 168 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264
+(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2
+(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02
(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 180 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 216 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 216 Q F1<ad64>
-144 228 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389
+144 228 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39
(Delete the history entry at position)180 240 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18
E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889
-F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)-2.89 G
-2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599
-(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 252 R -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598
+F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889
+G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 252 R -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599
(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 264 Q 2.5(,a)
-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
-.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 300
Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)
2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5
-E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>144 312 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 312
-R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564
-(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>144 312 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 312
+R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564
+(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565
(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 324 Q
(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 336 Q
F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\
- into the current history list.)180 336 R .773
+ into the current history list.)180 336 R .772
(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 348 R
-.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E
+.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
(sion.)180 360 Q F1<ad72>144 372 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 372 Q F1<ad77>
144 384 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180
384 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
-(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 396 Q F0 .625
+(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 396 Q F0 .626
(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 396 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
-3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
+3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
2.975(output. Does)180 408 R .475
(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 420 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 432 Q F0 .362
-(Store the)180 432 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
-(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363
+(normal history e)180 420 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 432 Q F0 .363
+(Store the)180 432 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
+(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 444 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 460.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
+(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 460.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 472.8 R .669
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669
-(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 484.8 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 496.8 R .832
-(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F
-.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S .168(lid option\
+.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 472.8 R .669
+(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
+(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 484.8 R .956
+(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
+(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833
+(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 496.8 R .833
+(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F
+.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 508.8 S .168(lid option\
is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \
-\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set)
-144 520.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to)
--.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341
-(he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341
+\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set)
+144 520.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341
+(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34
+(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34
(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 532.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)
108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])
2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 561.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E
-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 585.6 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 585.6 Q F1
-<ad6e>144 597.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)
-180 597.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15
-F .19
3(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 609.6 Q F1<ad70>
+<ad6e>144 597.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
+180 597.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15
+F .19
4(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 609.6 Q F1<ad70>
144 621.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 621.6 Q 2.5(sp)
-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 633.6 Q F0
(Display only running jobs.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad73>144 645.6 Q F0
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 645.6 Q(If)144 662.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553
-E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
--.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 674.4 Q -.25
+(Display only stopped jobs.)180 645.6 Q(If)144 662.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554
+E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
+(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
+-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 674.4 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 691.2 R F1
-<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
+E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 691.2 R F1
+<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
-3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394
+3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395
(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 703.2 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15
-E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E
+E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E
(68)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2
(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E
F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)
-2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-.319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0
-.318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0
+2.827 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
+.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0
+.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)3.268 E F0
.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec)
3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427
-(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 144 R
-F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
+(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 144 R
+F1<ad6c>2.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F
-F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
-(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156
-R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E
-F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144
-168 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 180 R
+F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
+(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R
+.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E
+F2 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to)
+144 168 R F1<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R
(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
-220.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197
-(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196
-(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
-2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar)
+220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197
+(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197
+(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
+2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar)
2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5
E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar)
--2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2
+(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar)
+-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2
(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E
-F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F
-(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
-(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
-C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
+F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F
+(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652
+(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
+C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-285.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
+285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
-(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51
+(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509
(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1
-(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509
-(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set)3.67
-E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171
-(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171
-(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 321.6 R .881
-(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381
-E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88
-(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787
+(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51
+(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 309.6 R F1(set)
+3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171
+(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17
+(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 321.6 R .88
+(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E
+F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881
+(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788
(that were in place before the function.)144 333.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788
-(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v)
-3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 345.6 R
-.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654
-(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F
+(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v)
+3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 345.6 R
+.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654
+(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F
(unless)144 357.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in)
2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E
F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108
(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R
+(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
-(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 427.2
-R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
+(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158
+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 427.2
+R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
-E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)
--6.248 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 451.2 Q F0 .91
-(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911
-(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411
+E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)
+-6.249 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 451.2 Q F0 .911
+(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
+(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41
(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 463.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 475.2 Q F0(Cop)180 475.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0
(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 547.2
Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 547.2 Q
-F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467
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(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G
-2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\
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-(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
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(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 600 Q
(If not supplied with an e)144 616.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 633.6 Q F0 .797
-(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
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F1(popd)108 662.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
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H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 710.4 Q F0 .551
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%%Page: 70 70
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BP
SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15
G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14
(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1
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-F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)
-3.759 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26
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(If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144
-148.8 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1
-F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 160.8 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.696 G .196
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+F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 160.8 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.697 G .196
(iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196
-(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697
-E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 172.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E
-(Otherwise,)144 189.6 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171
+(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696
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(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171
-(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o)
--.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 201.6 Q
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-218.4 R F1(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555(command is successful, bash runs)4.055
-F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F
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(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 230.4 Q F1(printf)108 247.2 Q F0
([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)
-A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 259.2 R F2(ar)2.858
-E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358
-(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857
-E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F1<ad76>2.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714
+A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted)144 259.2 R F2(ar)2.857
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(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 271.2 R(ariable)-.25
E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214
-F(output.)144 283.2 Q(The)144 307.2 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\
+F(output.)144 283.2 Q(The)144 307.2 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\
aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\
- which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\
-ape sequences, which are con)144 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704
+ which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, character esc\
+ape sequences, which are con)144 319.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
-\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 331.2 R .036
+\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 331.2 R .037
(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 343.2 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
-5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2
-(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032
-E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 355.2 Q
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-2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096
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(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
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F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E
(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F
2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut applies an)-2.7 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(upplied precision to the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gument)-.37 E F0
(before quoting it.)2.5 E F1(%\()144 427.2 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0
-(causes)180 439.2 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904
-(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt)
-4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 451.2 R F2
+(causes)180 439.2 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904
+(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt)
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(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
-(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180
+(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180
463.2 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F
-.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693
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(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 475.2 R
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-3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 487.2 R -.15
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(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71
G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25
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-F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 499.2 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .901
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(The %b, %q, and %T directi)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.401(sa).15 G .901
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(xpanded ar)-.15 F(gument,)-.18 E
(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 540 Q(Ar)
-144 556.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated \
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(minus sign is allo)144 568.8 R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 580.8 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 597.6 Q F2(format)2.514 E
-F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515
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(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si)
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-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 621.6 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
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-2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\
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--.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 674.4 R .089
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698.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\
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-(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)
-72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(70)185.545 E 0
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%%Page: 71 71
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.268
-(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267
-(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
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-.25 F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
-2.5 E F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180
108 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
E F2(dir)144.35 132 Q F0(Adds)180 132 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
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-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 148.8 R F1<ad6e>2.935 E
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(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 160.8 Q(If the)5 E
F1(cd)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F1(pushd)2.5 E F0
(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144
177.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .093
-(When rotating the directory stack,)144 189.6 R F1(pushd)2.593 E F0 .092
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.593 F(x-)
--.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 201.6 Q 1.277
-(If the)144 218.4 R F1(pushd)3.777 E F0 1.277
-(command is successful, bash runs)3.777 F F1(dirs)3.777 E F0 1.278
-(to sho)3.778 F 3.778(wt)-.25 G 1.278
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.778 F(stack.)144 230.4 Q F1
-(pwd)108 247.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092
+(When rotating the directory stack,)144 189.6 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093
+(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-)
+-.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 201.6 Q 1.278
+(If the)144 218.4 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278
+(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277
+(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277
+(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 230.4 Q F1
+(pwd)108 247.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 259.2 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
+(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
271.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144 283.2 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
+(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263
+(enabled. If)144 283.2 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
+(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
+F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 295.2 R -.25(va)
-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 307.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108
-324 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E
-F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0
-3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1
-<ad6e>-3.81
7 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>
--3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E
-F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)
-3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 336 Q
+324 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E
+F2(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0
+3.816(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1
+<ad6e>-3.81
6 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>
+-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E
+F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)
+3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 336 Q
F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, \
or from the \214le descriptor)144 348 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
-(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .51
7(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 360 Q F1<ad75>
-2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435(ords as described abo)
+(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .51
6(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 360 Q F1<ad75>
+2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435(ords as described abo)
-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435
-(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435
-(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 372 R F2(name)3.235 E
+(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .436
+(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 372 R F2(name)3.236 E
F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376(ord to the second)-.1 F
-F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376
-(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237
+F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375
+(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236
(than names, the remaining w)144 384 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F
-.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E F0
-5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 396 R .874(wer w)-.25 F
+.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E F0
+5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 396 R .875(wer w)-.25 F
.875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\
-e assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 408 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F .518
-(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518
-(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517
-(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 420 R
+e assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 408 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F .517
+(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518
+(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518
+(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 420 R
.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026
-(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489
+(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488
(be used to remo)144 432 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
-(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E
+(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E
(tions, if supplied, ha)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 456 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025(The w)
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 456 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026(The w)
180 468 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
--.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026
-(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F F2(aname)180.33 480 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
+-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025
+(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F2(aname)180.33 480 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 492 Q
-F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 504 R F2(delim)2.781
-E F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F
-2.78(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 516 Q F0
-(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
+F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 504 R F2(delim)2.78 E
+F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 516 Q F0(is the empty string,)
+2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad65>144 528 Q F0 .372
+<ad65>144 528 Q F0 .373
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 528 R F1 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218
(to obtain the line.)180 540 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def)
5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F
(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G
(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5
E(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 564 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
-E F0(If)180 564 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
+E F0(If)180 564 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
-.25 F(ing be)180 576 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 588 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 600 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
-(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 600 S(ad).18 E F0 .322
+(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 612 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
<ad4e>144 624 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 636 S(ad)
-.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269
+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 648 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
-G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
-5.274 F 1.002
+G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275(Delimiter characters encoun-)
+5.275 F 1.003
(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 660 R
-F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 672 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 684 S .669
+F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)3.502
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 672 R .608
+(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
+3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 684 S .67
(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
+(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 696 Q F0(option belo)
-2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(mber 16).15 E(71)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+(mber 22).15 E(71)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 72 72
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF<ad70>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
-(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)
-3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
+(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)
+3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 120 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F .493(the line.)180 132 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
--.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493
+<ad72>144 120 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 132 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)
+-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493
(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
144 Q F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 156 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 168 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G
-(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
+<ad74>144 168 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G
+(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 192 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
-(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
+(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 204 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-216 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 228 R .589
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
--.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
+216 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 228 R .59
+(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
+(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
+G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 240 S(riable)
.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 252 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
--.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
-.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
-264 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 276 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 276 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
-(If no)144 292.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 252 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
+.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F
+1.224(turn EOF)180 264 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724
+F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225
+(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
+(ceeded.)180 276 Q F1<ad75>144 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 288 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
+(If no)144 304.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
-304.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
+316.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18
(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-316.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
-(signing to a readonly v)144 328.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+328.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
+(signing to a readonly v)144 340.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 340.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
-3
57.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
+.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 352.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
+3
69.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096
-(quent assignment.)144 3
81.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
+(quent assignment.)144 3
93.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 393.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 405.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
+-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 417.6 R -.15(ve)
+3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 429.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 441.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-453.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+465.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 465.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 477.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 477.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 494.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 506.4 R
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 518.4 R -.15(xe)
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 530.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 542.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+144 554.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 566.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
+.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 578.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 602.4 R .444
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444
(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 614.4 R -.15
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 626.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+.749(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 638.4 Q F1
-(set)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
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+(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5
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-(set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
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-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 691.2 R 2.613
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2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 132 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
-H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 144 Q F0 .087
-(Exit immediately if a)184 144 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
+(primary prompt.)184 144 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
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+(Exit immediately if a)184 156 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 156 Q F2
+F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 168 Q F2
1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e)
.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079
-(The shell does not e)184 168 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
-.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 180 Q
+(The shell does not e)184 180 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
+.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 192 Q
1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0
-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
-4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 192 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
+4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 204 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 204 R
+(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 216 R
F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
--.25(va)184 216 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with)
+-.25(va)184 228 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with)
.15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 228 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
+(non-zero status because a command f)184 240 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 240 R 2.677
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 252 R 2.677
(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
-(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 252 R .617
+(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 264 R .617
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 264 R(ONMENT)
+-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 276 R(ONMENT)
-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 276 Q
-.999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 294 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 288 Q
+.999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 306 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.498 E F0 .998
-(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 306 R -.15
+(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 318 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F
-.503(will be af)184 3
18 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
+.503(will be af)184 3
30 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1
<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .502
-(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.183(tus. If)184 330 R 4.183(ac)4.183 G 1.683
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1.684(while e)4.184 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.684(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184 3
42 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
+-.15 E(where)184 3
54 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953
-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 354 Q F1
-<ad66>144 366 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 366 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
-<ad68>144 378 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 378
+(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 366 Q F1
+<ad66>144 378 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 378 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
+<ad68>144 390 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 390
R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .988(is en-)3.488 F(abled by def)184 390
-Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 402 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 402 R .514
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+Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 414 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 414 R .514
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-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 414 Q F1
-<ad6d>144 426 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 426 R .148
+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 426 Q F1
+<ad6d>144 438 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 438 R .148
(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 438 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
+(on systems that support it \(see)184 450 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65
-(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 450 R .679
+(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 462 R .679
(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\
-s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 462 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 474 Q F0 .653
-(Read commands b)184 474 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
+s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 474 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 486 Q F0 .653
+(Read commands b)184 486 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)
-5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 486 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 498 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E
-F0(The)184 510 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5
-E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 5
22 Q F0(Same as)224 534 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 5
46 Q F0(Same as)224 558 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
-A F1(emacs)184 570 Q F0 .089
-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 570 R 2.589
+5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 498 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 510 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E
+F0(The)184 522 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5
+E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 5
34 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 5
58 Q F0(Same as)224 570 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
+A F1(emacs)184 582 Q F0 .089
+(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 582 R 2.589
(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
-(when the shell is interacti)224 582 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
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-F0 2.5(option. This)224 594 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
+F0 2.5(option. This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
-184 6
06 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 606 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(errtrace)184 6
18 Q F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(functrace)184 6
30 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(hashall)184 6
54 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(histexpand)184 6
66 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history)184 690 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 690 R 3.087(,a)
+184 6
18 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(errtrace)184 6
30 Q F0(Same as)224 630 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(functrace)184 6
42 Q F0(Same as)224 654 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(hashall)184 6
66 Q F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(histexpand)184 6
78 Q F0(Same as)224 690 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(history)184 702 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 702 R 3.087(,a)
-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15
H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 702 Q
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-72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(73)185.545 E 0
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-(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
-(he \214le in which bash sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(st).15 G
-(he command history)-2.5 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 477.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(Indi)144 489.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E F0
-(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 506.4 S(THORS).548 E F0
-(Brian F)108 518.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E
-(bfox@gnu.or)108 530.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 547.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)
+108 331.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A
+F4(emacs)108 343.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108
+355.2 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 372 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666
+384 Q F0(The)144 396 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F4
+(/etc/pr)109.666 408 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0
+(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 420 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 432 Q(o\214le)-.45 E
+F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 456 Q(c)-.37 E F0
+(The indi)144 468 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 480 Q(gout)-.1 E F0
+(The indi)144 492 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.bash_history)
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+(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he \214le in which bash sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
+-.2 G 2.5(st).15 G(he command history)-2.5 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 528 Q
+(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 540 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 E
+F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 556.8 S(THORS).548 E F0
+(Brian F)108 568.8 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E
+(bfox@gnu.or)108 580.8 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 597.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)
-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 559.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72
-576 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567(If you \214nd a b)
-108 588 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568
+-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 609.6 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72
+626.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568
+(If you \214nd a b)108 638.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F2(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568
(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F
-3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2
-F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 600 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F
-F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625
-(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625
-(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 612 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E
-F0(and)2.5 E F4(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E
+3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2
+F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 650.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15
+F F2(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626
+(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626
+(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 662.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37
+E F0(and)2.5 E F4(http://git.savannah.gnu.or)2.5 E
(g/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master)-.37 E(.tar)-1.11 E(.gz)-1.11 E F0
-(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 628.8 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41
-(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the)
--.15 F F4(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F
-.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 640.8 R .895 -.15
-(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F
-.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F
-(be mailed to)108 652.8 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
-(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
--.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 669.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)
-108 686.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 698.4
-Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(85)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 679.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411
+(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the)
+-.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41
+(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 691.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214)
+-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595
+(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F
+(be mailed to)108 703.2 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
+(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
+-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 720 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E
+(85)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 86 86
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(The compiler used to compile)108 84 Q 2.5(Ad)108 96 S
-(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E 2.5(As)108 108 S
-(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b).15
-E(ug)-.2 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 124.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The v)108 84 Q
+(ersion number of)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)
+108 96 Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108
+108 Q 2.5(Ad)108 120 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)
+-.2 E 2.5(As)108 132 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27
+148.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro)
2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108
-141.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
-E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.)
-.25 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 158.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108
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-(There are some subtle dif)108 187.2 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F/F3
-10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869
-(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869
-(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 199.2 Q F0
-(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 216 Q
-(Shell b)108 232.8 Q
+165.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
+E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.)
+.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 182.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108
+194.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869
+(There are some subtle dif)108 211.2 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F1
+(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F
+F1(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 223.2 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
+(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 240 Q(Shell b)108 256.8 Q
(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 249.6 R .389
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 261.6 R .389
-(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
-108 273.6 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
-ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
-(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 285.6 Q(Array v)108 302.4
-Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 319.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(mber 16).15 E(86)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+re not handled gracefully when)108 273.6 R .39
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 285.6 R .389
+(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
+(mand in the sequence.)108 297.6 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \
+place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)
+-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 309.6 Q(Array v)108
+326.4 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
+(There may be only one acti)108 343.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2021 No)136.385 E -.15
+(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(86)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{105}
@xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-title}{Shell Compatibility Mode}
@xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.12}
-@xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-pg}{108}
+@xrdef{Shell Compatibility Mode-pg}{109}
@xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control}
@xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1}
-@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{111}
-@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{111}
+@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{112}
+@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{112}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2}
-@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{112}
+@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{113}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3}
-@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{114}
+@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{115}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1}
-@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{115}
-@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{115}
-@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{115}
+@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{116}
+@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{116}
+@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{116}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3}
-@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{116}
-@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{116}
+@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{117}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4}
@xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History}
@xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5}
-@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{117}
-@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{117}
-@xrdef{Searching-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{118}
+@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{118}
+@xrdef{Searching-pg}{118}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1}
-@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{118}
-@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{118}
+@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{119}
+@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{119}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2}
-@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{126}
+@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{127}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3}
-@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{128}
+@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{129}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1}
-@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{131}
-@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{131}
+@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{132}
+@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{132}
@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History}
@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2}
-@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{132}
+@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{133}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3}
-@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{134}
+@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{135}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4}
-@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{135}
+@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{136}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5}
-@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{136}
+@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{137}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6}
-@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{137}
+@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{138}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7}
-@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{138}
+@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{139}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8}
-@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{139}
+@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{140}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6}
-@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{141}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{141}
+@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{142}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{142}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{144}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{145}
@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example}
@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8}
-@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{148}
+@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{149}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2}
-@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{150}
-@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{150}
-@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{150}
+@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{151}
+@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{151}
+@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{151}
@xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion}
@xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3}
-@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{152}
+@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{153}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
-@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{153}
+@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{154}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
-@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{154}
-@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{154}
+@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{155}
+@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{155}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
-@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{156}
-@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{156}
+@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{157}
+@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{157}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
@xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
@xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
-@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{157}
-@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{157}
+@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{158}
+@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{158}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
-@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{158}
-@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{158}
-@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{158}
+@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{159}
+@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{159}
+@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{159}
@xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
@xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
-@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{159}
-@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{159}
+@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{160}
+@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{160}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{164}
+@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{165}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
-@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{165}
+@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{166}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{171}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{172}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
-@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{179}
-@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{179}
+@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{180}
+@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{180}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
-@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{180}
-@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{181}
+@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{181}
+@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{182}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
-@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{183}
+@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{184}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{185}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{186}
\entry{dirs}{101}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{popd}{102}{\code {popd}}
\entry{pushd}{102}{\code {pushd}}
-\entry{bg}{112}{\code {bg}}
-\entry{fg}{112}{\code {fg}}
-\entry{jobs}{112}{\code {jobs}}
-\entry{kill}{113}{\code {kill}}
-\entry{wait}{113}{\code {wait}}
-\entry{disown}{114}{\code {disown}}
-\entry{suspend}{114}{\code {suspend}}
-\entry{compgen}{144}{\code {compgen}}
-\entry{complete}{144}{\code {complete}}
-\entry{compopt}{147}{\code {compopt}}
-\entry{fc}{151}{\code {fc}}
-\entry{history}{151}{\code {history}}
+\entry{bg}{113}{\code {bg}}
+\entry{fg}{113}{\code {fg}}
+\entry{jobs}{113}{\code {jobs}}
+\entry{kill}{114}{\code {kill}}
+\entry{wait}{114}{\code {wait}}
+\entry{disown}{115}{\code {disown}}
+\entry{suspend}{115}{\code {suspend}}
+\entry{compgen}{145}{\code {compgen}}
+\entry{complete}{145}{\code {complete}}
+\entry{compopt}{148}{\code {compopt}}
+\entry{fc}{152}{\code {fc}}
+\entry{history}{152}{\code {history}}
\initial {A}
\entry{\code {alias}}{54}
\initial {B}
-\entry{\code {bg}}{112}
+\entry{\code {bg}}{113}
\entry{\code {bind}}{55}
\entry{\code {break}}{48}
\entry{\code {builtin}}{56}
\entry{\code {caller}}{56}
\entry{\code {cd}}{48}
\entry{\code {command}}{56}
-\entry{\code {compgen}}{144}
-\entry{\code {complete}}{144}
-\entry{\code {compopt}}{147}
+\entry{\code {compgen}}{145}
+\entry{\code {complete}}{145}
+\entry{\code {compopt}}{148}
\entry{\code {continue}}{48}
\initial {D}
\entry{\code {declare}}{57}
\entry{\code {dirs}}{101}
-\entry{\code {disown}}{114}
+\entry{\code {disown}}{115}
\initial {E}
\entry{\code {echo}}{58}
\entry{\code {enable}}{59}
\entry{\code {exit}}{49}
\entry{\code {export}}{49}
\initial {F}
-\entry{\code {fc}}{151}
-\entry{\code {fg}}{112}
+\entry{\code {fc}}{152}
+\entry{\code {fg}}{113}
\initial {G}
\entry{\code {getopts}}{49}
\initial {H}
\entry{\code {hash}}{50}
\entry{\code {help}}{60}
-\entry{\code {history}}{151}
+\entry{\code {history}}{152}
\initial {J}
-\entry{\code {jobs}}{112}
+\entry{\code {jobs}}{113}
\initial {K}
-\entry{\code {kill}}{113}
+\entry{\code {kill}}{114}
\initial {L}
\entry{\code {let}}{60}
\entry{\code {local}}{60}
\entry{\code {shift}}{51}
\entry{\code {shopt}}{70}
\entry{\code {source}}{63}
-\entry{\code {suspend}}{114}
+\entry{\code {suspend}}{115}
\initial {T}
\entry{\code {test}}{51}
\entry{\code {times}}{53}
\entry{\code {unalias}}{65}
\entry{\code {unset}}{54}
\initial {W}
-\entry{\code {wait}}{113}
+\entry{\code {wait}}{114}
\entry{prompting}{103}{prompting}
\entry{restricted shell}{104}{restricted shell}
\entry{POSIX Mode}{105}{POSIX Mode}
-\entry{Compatibility Level}{108}{Compatibility Level}
-\entry{Compatibility Mode}{108}{Compatibility Mode}
-\entry{job control}{111}{job control}
-\entry{foreground}{111}{foreground}
-\entry{background}{111}{background}
-\entry{suspending jobs}{111}{suspending jobs}
-\entry{Readline, how to use}{114}{Readline, how to use}
-\entry{interaction, readline}{115}{interaction, readline}
-\entry{notation, readline}{116}{notation, readline}
-\entry{command editing}{116}{command editing}
-\entry{editing command lines}{116}{editing command lines}
-\entry{killing text}{117}{killing text}
-\entry{yanking text}{117}{yanking text}
-\entry{kill ring}{117}{kill ring}
-\entry{initialization file, readline}{118}{initialization file, readline}
-\entry{variables, readline}{119}{variables, readline}
-\entry{programmable completion}{141}{programmable completion}
-\entry{completion builtins}{144}{completion builtins}
-\entry{History, how to use}{149}{History, how to use}
-\entry{command history}{150}{command history}
-\entry{history list}{150}{history list}
-\entry{history builtins}{150}{history builtins}
-\entry{history expansion}{152}{history expansion}
-\entry{event designators}{153}{event designators}
-\entry{history events}{153}{history events}
-\entry{installation}{156}{installation}
-\entry{configuration}{156}{configuration}
-\entry{Bash installation}{156}{Bash installation}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{156}{Bash configuration}
+\entry{Compatibility Level}{109}{Compatibility Level}
+\entry{Compatibility Mode}{109}{Compatibility Mode}
+\entry{job control}{112}{job control}
+\entry{foreground}{112}{foreground}
+\entry{background}{112}{background}
+\entry{suspending jobs}{112}{suspending jobs}
+\entry{Readline, how to use}{115}{Readline, how to use}
+\entry{interaction, readline}{116}{interaction, readline}
+\entry{notation, readline}{117}{notation, readline}
+\entry{command editing}{117}{command editing}
+\entry{editing command lines}{117}{editing command lines}
+\entry{killing text}{118}{killing text}
+\entry{yanking text}{118}{yanking text}
+\entry{kill ring}{118}{kill ring}
+\entry{initialization file, readline}{119}{initialization file, readline}
+\entry{variables, readline}{120}{variables, readline}
+\entry{programmable completion}{142}{programmable completion}
+\entry{completion builtins}{145}{completion builtins}
+\entry{History, how to use}{150}{History, how to use}
+\entry{command history}{151}{command history}
+\entry{history list}{151}{history list}
+\entry{history builtins}{151}{history builtins}
+\entry{history expansion}{153}{history expansion}
+\entry{event designators}{154}{event designators}
+\entry{history events}{154}{history events}
+\entry{installation}{157}{installation}
+\entry{configuration}{157}{configuration}
+\entry{Bash installation}{157}{Bash installation}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{157}{Bash configuration}
\entry{arithmetic, shell}{97}
\entry{arrays}{99}
\initial {B}
-\entry{background}{111}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{156}
-\entry{Bash installation}{156}
+\entry{background}{112}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{157}
+\entry{Bash installation}{157}
\entry{Bourne shell}{5}
\entry{brace expansion}{24}
\entry{builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
-\entry{command editing}{116}
+\entry{command editing}{117}
\entry{command execution}{42}
\entry{command expansion}{41}
-\entry{command history}{150}
+\entry{command history}{151}
\entry{command search}{42}
\entry{command substitution}{33}
\entry{command timing}{10}
\entry{commands, shell}{9}
\entry{commands, simple}{9}
\entry{comments, shell}{9}
-\entry{Compatibility Level}{108}
-\entry{Compatibility Mode}{108}
-\entry{completion builtins}{144}
-\entry{configuration}{156}
+\entry{Compatibility Level}{109}
+\entry{Compatibility Mode}{109}
+\entry{completion builtins}{145}
+\entry{configuration}{157}
\entry{control operator}{3}
\entry{coprocess}{18}
\initial {D}
\entry{directory stack}{101}
\initial {E}
-\entry{editing command lines}{116}
+\entry{editing command lines}{117}
\entry{environment}{43}
\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{97}
-\entry{event designators}{153}
+\entry{event designators}{154}
\entry{execution environment}{42}
\entry{exit status}{3, 44}
\entry{expansion}{24}
\entry{field}{3}
\entry{filename}{3}
\entry{filename expansion}{35}
-\entry{foreground}{111}
+\entry{foreground}{112}
\entry{functions, shell}{19}
\initial {H}
-\entry{history builtins}{150}
-\entry{history events}{153}
-\entry{history expansion}{152}
-\entry{history list}{150}
-\entry{History, how to use}{149}
+\entry{history builtins}{151}
+\entry{history events}{154}
+\entry{history expansion}{153}
+\entry{history list}{151}
+\entry{History, how to use}{150}
\initial {I}
\entry{identifier}{3}
-\entry{initialization file, readline}{118}
-\entry{installation}{156}
-\entry{interaction, readline}{115}
+\entry{initialization file, readline}{119}
+\entry{installation}{157}
+\entry{interaction, readline}{116}
\entry{interactive shell}{92, 93}
\entry{internationalization}{7}
\entry{internationalized scripts}{7}
\initial {J}
\entry{job}{3}
-\entry{job control}{3, 111}
+\entry{job control}{3, 112}
\initial {K}
-\entry{kill ring}{117}
-\entry{killing text}{117}
+\entry{kill ring}{118}
+\entry{killing text}{118}
\initial {L}
\entry{localization}{7}
\entry{login shell}{92}
\initial {N}
\entry{name}{3}
\entry{native languages}{7}
-\entry{notation, readline}{116}
+\entry{notation, readline}{117}
\initial {O}
\entry{operator, shell}{3}
\initial {P}
\entry{process group}{3}
\entry{process group ID}{3}
\entry{process substitution}{34}
-\entry{programmable completion}{141}
+\entry{programmable completion}{142}
\entry{prompting}{103}
\initial {Q}
\entry{quoting}{6}
\entry{quoting, ANSI}{6}
\initial {R}
-\entry{Readline, how to use}{114}
+\entry{Readline, how to use}{115}
\entry{redirection}{37}
\entry{reserved word}{3}
\entry{reserved words}{9}
\entry{special builtin}{4, 76}
\entry{startup files}{92}
\entry{string translations}{7}
-\entry{suspending jobs}{111}
+\entry{suspending jobs}{112}
\initial {T}
\entry{tilde expansion}{25}
\entry{token}{4}
\entry{translation, native languages}{7}
\initial {V}
\entry{variable, shell}{21}
-\entry{variables, readline}{119}
+\entry{variables, readline}{120}
\initial {W}
\entry{word}{4}
\entry{word splitting}{34}
\initial {Y}
-\entry{yanking text}{117}
+\entry{yanking text}{118}
-\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{131}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
-\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{131}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
-\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{131}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
-\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{131}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
-\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{131}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
-\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{131}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
-\entry{shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}{131}{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}}
-\entry{shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}{131}{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}}
-\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{131}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{next-screen-line ()}{132}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{clear-display (M-C-l)}{132}{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}
-\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{132}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
-\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{132}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
-\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{132}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
-\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{132}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
-\entry{next-history (C-n)}{132}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
-\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{132}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
-\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{132}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
-\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{132}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
-\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{132}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{132}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{133}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
-\entry{history-search-forward ()}{133}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-search-backward ()}{133}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{133}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{133}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{133}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{133}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{133}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
-\entry{fetch-history ()}{134}{\code {fetch-history ()}}
-\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{134}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
-\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{134}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
-\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{134}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
-\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{134}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
-\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{134}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
-\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{134}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
-\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{134}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
-\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{134}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
-\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{135}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
-\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{135}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
-\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{135}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
-\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{135}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
-\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{135}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
-\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{135}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{135}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
-\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{135}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
-\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{135}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
-\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{135}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{135}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
-\entry{shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}{136}{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}}
-\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{136}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}
-\entry{shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}{136}{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}}
-\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{136}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
-\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{136}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
-\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{136}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
-\entry{kill-region ()}{136}{\code {kill-region ()}}
-\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{136}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
-\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{136}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{136}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{yank (C-y)}{136}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{136}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
-\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{136}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
-\entry{universal-argument ()}{137}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
-\entry{complete (TAB)}{137}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{137}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
-\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{137}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
-\entry{menu-complete ()}{137}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
-\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{137}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
-\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{137}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
-\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{137}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
-\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{138}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
-\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{138}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
-\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{138}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
-\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{138}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
-\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{138}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
-\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{138}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
-\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{138}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
-\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{138}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
-\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{138}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
-\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{138}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{138}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
-\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{138}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
-\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{138}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
-\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{138}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
-\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{139}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
-\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{139}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
-\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{139}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
-\entry{abort (C-g)}{139}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
-\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{139}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
-\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{139}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
-\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{139}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
-\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{139}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
-\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{139}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
-\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{139}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
-\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{139}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
-\entry{character-search (C-])}{139}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
-\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{139}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
-\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{139}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
-\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{140}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
-\entry{dump-functions ()}{140}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
-\entry{dump-variables ()}{140}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
-\entry{dump-macros ()}{140}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
-\entry{spell-correct-word (C-x s)}{140}{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}}
-\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{140}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
-\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{140}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
-\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{140}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
-\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{141}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
-\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{141}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
-\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{141}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
-\entry{magic-space ()}{141}{\code {magic-space ()}}
-\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{141}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{141}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{141}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}{141}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{132}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
+\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{132}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
+\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{132}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
+\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{132}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
+\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{132}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
+\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{132}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
+\entry{shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}{132}{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}}
+\entry{shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}{132}{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}}
+\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{132}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{next-screen-line ()}{133}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{clear-display (M-C-l)}{133}{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}
+\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{133}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
+\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{133}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
+\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{133}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
+\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{133}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
+\entry{next-history (C-n)}{133}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{133}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
+\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{133}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
+\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{133}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
+\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{133}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{133}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{134}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
+\entry{history-search-forward ()}{134}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-search-backward ()}{134}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{134}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{134}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{134}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{134}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{134}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
+\entry{fetch-history ()}{135}{\code {fetch-history ()}}
+\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{135}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
+\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{135}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
+\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{135}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
+\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{135}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
+\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{135}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
+\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{135}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
+\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{135}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
+\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{135}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
+\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{136}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
+\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{136}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
+\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{136}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
+\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{136}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
+\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{136}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
+\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{136}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{136}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
+\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{136}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
+\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{136}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
+\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{136}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{136}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
+\entry{shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}{137}{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}}
+\entry{shell-backward-kill-word ()}{137}{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}
+\entry{shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}{137}{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}}
+\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{137}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
+\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{137}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
+\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{137}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
+\entry{kill-region ()}{137}{\code {kill-region ()}}
+\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{137}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
+\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{137}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{137}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{yank (C-y)}{137}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{137}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
+\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{137}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
+\entry{universal-argument ()}{138}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
+\entry{complete (TAB)}{138}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{138}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
+\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{138}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
+\entry{menu-complete ()}{138}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
+\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{138}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
+\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{138}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
+\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{138}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
+\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{139}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
+\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{139}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
+\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{139}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
+\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{139}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
+\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{139}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
+\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{139}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
+\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{139}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
+\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{139}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
+\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{139}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
+\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{139}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{139}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
+\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\indexlbrace })}{139}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
+\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{139}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
+\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{139}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
+\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{140}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
+\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{140}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
+\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{140}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
+\entry{abort (C-g)}{140}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
+\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{140}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
+\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{140}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
+\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{140}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
+\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{140}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
+\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{140}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
+\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{140}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
+\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{140}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
+\entry{character-search (C-])}{140}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
+\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{140}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
+\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{140}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
+\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{141}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
+\entry{dump-functions ()}{141}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
+\entry{dump-variables ()}{141}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
+\entry{dump-macros ()}{141}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
+\entry{spell-correct-word (C-x s)}{141}{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}}
+\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{141}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
+\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{141}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
+\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{141}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
+\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{142}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
+\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{142}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
+\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{142}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
+\entry{magic-space ()}{142}{\code {magic-space ()}}
+\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{142}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{142}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{142}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}{142}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}
\initial {A}
-\entry{\code {abort (C-g)}}{139}
-\entry{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{141}
+\entry{\code {abort (C-g)}}{140}
+\entry{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{142}
\initial {B}
-\entry{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{131}
-\entry{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{134}
-\entry{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{135}
-\entry{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{135}
-\entry{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{131}
-\entry{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{131}
-\entry{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{134}
+\entry{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{135}
+\entry{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{136}
+\entry{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{136}
+\entry{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{135}
\initial {C}
-\entry{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{139}
-\entry{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{135}
-\entry{\code {character-search (C-])}}{139}
-\entry{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{139}
-\entry{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{137}
-\entry{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{137}
-\entry{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{138}
-\entry{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{136}
-\entry{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{136}
-\entry{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{136}
+\entry{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{140}
+\entry{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{136}
+\entry{\code {character-search (C-])}}{140}
+\entry{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{140}
+\entry{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{138}
+\entry{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{138}
+\entry{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{139}
+\entry{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{137}
+\entry{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{137}
+\entry{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{137}
\initial {D}
-\entry{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{138}
-\entry{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{134}
-\entry{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{137}
-\entry{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{136}
-\entry{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{136}
-\entry{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{141}
-\entry{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{139}
-\entry{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{135}
-\entry{\code {dump-functions ()}}{140}
-\entry{\code {dump-macros ()}}{140}
-\entry{\code {dump-variables ()}}{140}
-\entry{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{138}
+\entry{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{139}
+\entry{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{135}
+\entry{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{138}
+\entry{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{137}
+\entry{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{137}
+\entry{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{142}
+\entry{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{140}
+\entry{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{136}
+\entry{\code {dump-functions ()}}{141}
+\entry{\code {dump-macros ()}}{141}
+\entry{\code {dump-variables ()}}{141}
+\entry{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{139}
\initial {E}
-\entry{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}{141}
-\entry{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{138}
-\entry{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{134}
-\entry{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{131}
-\entry{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-x C-e)}}{142}
+\entry{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{139}
+\entry{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{135}
+\entry{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{140}
\initial {F}
-\entry{\code {fetch-history ()}}{134}
-\entry{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{134}
-\entry{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{131}
-\entry{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{131}
+\entry{\code {fetch-history ()}}{135}
+\entry{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{135}
+\entry{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{132}
\initial {G}
-\entry{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{140}
-\entry{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{140}
-\entry{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{140}
+\entry{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{141}
+\entry{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{141}
+\entry{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{141}
\initial {H}
-\entry{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{141}
-\entry{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{141}
-\entry{\code {history-search-backward ()}}{133}
-\entry{\code {history-search-forward ()}}{133}
-\entry{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{133}
-\entry{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{133}
+\entry{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{142}
+\entry{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{142}
+\entry{\code {history-search-backward ()}}{134}
+\entry{\code {history-search-forward ()}}{134}
+\entry{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{134}
+\entry{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{134}
\initial {I}
-\entry{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{140}
-\entry{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{137}
-\entry{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{141}
+\entry{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{141}
+\entry{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{138}
+\entry{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{142}
\initial {K}
-\entry{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{135}
-\entry{\code {kill-region ()}}{136}
-\entry{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{135}
-\entry{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{135}
+\entry{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{136}
+\entry{\code {kill-region ()}}{137}
+\entry{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{136}
+\entry{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{136}
\initial {M}
-\entry{\code {magic-space ()}}{141}
-\entry{\code {menu-complete ()}}{137}
-\entry{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{137}
+\entry{\code {magic-space ()}}{142}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete ()}}{138}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{138}
\initial {N}
-\entry{\code {next-history (C-n)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {next-screen-line ()}}{132}
-\entry{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{133}
-\entry{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {next-history (C-n)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {next-screen-line ()}}{133}
+\entry{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{134}
+\entry{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{133}
\initial {O}
-\entry{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{133}
-\entry{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{135}
+\entry{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{134}
+\entry{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{136}
\initial {P}
-\entry{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{137}
-\entry{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{138}
-\entry{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{139}
-\entry{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{131}
-\entry{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{139}
+\entry{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{138}
+\entry{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{140}
+\entry{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{132}
+\entry{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{140}
\initial {Q}
-\entry{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{134}
+\entry{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{135}
\initial {R}
-\entry{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{139}
-\entry{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{132}
-\entry{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{132}
-\entry{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{139}
+\entry{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{140}
+\entry{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{133}
+\entry{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{133}
+\entry{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{140}
\initial {S}
-\entry{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{134}
-\entry{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{139}
-\entry{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{136}
-\entry{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}}{131}
-\entry{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{141}
-\entry{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}}{131}
-\entry{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}}{136}
-\entry{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}}{136}
-\entry{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{139}
-\entry{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}}{140}
-\entry{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{138}
+\entry{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{135}
+\entry{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{140}
+\entry{\code {shell-backward-kill-word ()}}{137}
+\entry{\code {shell-backward-word (M-C-b)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{142}
+\entry{\code {shell-forward-word (M-C-f)}}{132}
+\entry{\code {shell-kill-word (M-C-d)}}{137}
+\entry{\code {shell-transpose-words (M-C-t)}}{137}
+\entry{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{140}
+\entry{\code {spell-correct-word (C-x s)}}{141}
+\entry{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{139}
\initial {T}
-\entry{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{139}
-\entry{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{134}
-\entry{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{135}
+\entry{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{140}
+\entry{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{135}
+\entry{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{136}
\initial {U}
-\entry{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{139}
-\entry{\code {universal-argument ()}}{137}
-\entry{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{136}
-\entry{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{135}
-\entry{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{136}
-\entry{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{135}
+\entry{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{140}
+\entry{\code {universal-argument ()}}{138}
+\entry{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{137}
+\entry{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{136}
+\entry{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{137}
+\entry{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{136}
\initial {Y}
-\entry{\code {yank (C-y)}}{136}
-\entry{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{133}
-\entry{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{133}
-\entry{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{136}
+\entry{\code {yank (C-y)}}{137}
+\entry{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{134}
+\entry{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{134}
+\entry{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{137}
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021).
+the Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021).
-This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021,
+This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
-for Bash, Version 5.1.
+for Bash, Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<span id="Bash-Features-1"></span><h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021).
+the Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021,
+<p>This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
-for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.1.
+for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.2.
</p>
<p>Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
If <code>read</code> times out, <code>read</code> saves any partial input read into
the specified variable <var>name</var>.
If <var>timeout</var> is 0, <code>read</code> returns immediately, without trying to
-read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
+read any data.
+The exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+or the read will return EOF,
+non-zero otherwise.
The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
</p>
</dd>
and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><span><code>-r</code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Enable restricted shell mode.
+This option cannot be unset once it has been set.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><span><code>-t</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>Exit after reading and executing one command.
</p>
</li><li> Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit.
-</li><li> Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <code>cd</code>
-builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the <code>cdspell</code>
+</li><li> If the <code>cdspell</code> shell option is enabled, the shell will attempt
+simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <code>cd</code>
+builtin (see the description of the <code>cdspell</code>
option to the <code>shopt</code> builtin in <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a>).
+The <code>cdspell</code> option is only effective in interactive shells.
</li><li> The shell will check the value of the <code>TMOUT</code> variable and exit
if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable.
<code>unset <var>name</var></code>, where <var>name</var> is an array, removes the
-entire array. A subscript of ‘<samp>*</samp>’ or ‘<samp>@</samp>’ also removes the
entire array.
+<code>unset <var>name</var>[<var>subscript</var>]</code> behaves differently
+depending on the array type when given a
+subscript of ‘<samp>*</samp>’ or ‘<samp>@</samp>’.
+When <var>name</var> is an associative array, it removes the element with key
+‘<samp>*</samp>’ or ‘<samp>@</samp>’.
+If <var>name</var> is an indexed array, <code>unset</code> removes all of the elements,
+but does not remove the array itself.
</p>
<p>When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command,
such as with <code>unset</code>, without using the word expansion syntax
<samp>-f</samp> and <samp>-d</samp> options to the <code>enable</code> builtin.
</li><li> Using the <code>enable</code> builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins.
</li><li> Specifying the <samp>-p</samp> option to the <code>command</code> builtin.
-</li><li> Turning off restricted mode with ‘<samp>set +r</samp>’ or ‘<samp>set +o restricted</samp>’.
+</li><li> Turning off restricted mode with ‘<samp>set +r</samp>’ or ‘<samp>shopt -u restricted_shell</samp>’.
</li></ul>
<p>These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
output that can be reused as input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message
when the <samp>-l</samp> option is supplied.
</li></ul>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><span><code>compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT)</code></span></dt>
+<dd><ul>
+<li> The <code>unset</code> builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts ‘<samp>@</samp>’
+and ‘<samp>*</samp>’ differently depending on whether the array is indexed or
+associative, and differently than in previous versions.
+</li></ul>
</dd>
</dl>
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021).
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021).
- This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1.
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.1, 16 November 2021). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 22 November 2021). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.1, last updated 16 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.1.
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 22 November 2021, of 'The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
partial input read into the specified variable NAME. If
TIMEOUT is 0, 'read' returns immediately, without trying to
read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
- the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit
- status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+ the specified file descriptor, or the read will return EOF,
+ non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if
+ the timeout is exceeded.
'-u FD'
Read input from file descriptor FD.
causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real
user and group ids.
+ '-r'
+ Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be unset
+ once it has been set.
+
'-t'
Exit after reading and executing one command.
19. Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit.
- 20. Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the 'cd'
- builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the 'cdspell'
- option to the 'shopt' builtin in *note The Shopt Builtin::).
+ 20. If the 'cdspell' shell option is enabled, the shell will attempt
+ simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the 'cd'
+ builtin (see the description of the 'cdspell' option to the 'shopt'
+ builtin in *note The Shopt Builtin::). The 'cdspell' option is
+ only effective in interactive shells.
21. The shell will check the value of the 'TMOUT' variable and exit if
a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described
above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset
the variable. 'unset NAME', where NAME is an array, removes the entire
-array. A subscript of '*' or '@' also removes the entire array.
+array. 'unset NAME[SUBSCRIPT]' behaves differently depending on the
+array type when given a subscript of '*' or '@'. When NAME is an
+associative array, it removes the element with key '*' or '@'. If NAME
+is an indexed array, 'unset' removes all of the elements, but does not
+remove the array itself.
When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a
command, such as with 'unset', without using the word expansion syntax
* Using the 'enable' builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins.
* Specifying the '-p' option to the 'command' builtin.
- * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'set +o restricted'.
+ * Turning off restricted mode with 'set +r' or 'shopt -u
+ restricted_shell'.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
when producing output that can be reused as input. Bash-5.1
suppresses that message when the '-l' option is supplied.
+'compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT)'
+ * The 'unset' builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts
+ '@' and '*' differently depending on whether the array is
+ indexed or associative, and differently than in previous
+ versions.
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Job Control, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: Bash Features, Up: Top
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 211)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 488)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 584)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 585)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 221)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 261)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 593)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 594)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 113)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 359)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 365)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 598)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 630)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 636)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 599)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 631)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 637)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 414)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 742)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 743)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 432)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f135765
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f137803
Node: Bash Builtins\7f159264
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f190081
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f190426
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f200856
-Node: Special Builtins\7f216570
-Node: Shell Variables\7f217549
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f217986
-Node: Bash Variables\7f220090
-Node: Bash Features\7f252905
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f253918
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f259931
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f265034
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f265444
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f266093
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f266908
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f270421
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f275063
-Node: Aliases\7f278007
-Node: Arrays\7f280620
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f286629
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f287413
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f291673
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f294638
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f297235
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f308508
-Node: Job Control\7f315164
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f315624
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f320626
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f326026
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f327182
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f328853
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f330476
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f331667
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f333450
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f334410
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f336328
-Node: Searching\7f337372
-Node: Readline Init File\7f339558
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f340819
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f362307
-Node: Sample Init File\7f366503
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f369627
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f370831
-Node: Commands For History\7f372882
-Node: Commands For Text\7f377876
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f381525
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f384558
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f385697
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f389888
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f390575
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f396514
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f397421
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f405201
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f415896
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f421143
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f421827
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f424832
-Node: History Interaction\7f429840
-Node: Event Designators\7f433460
-Node: Word Designators\7f434814
-Node: Modifiers\7f436574
-Node: Installing Bash\7f438385
-Node: Basic Installation\7f439522
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f443244
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f443985
-Node: Installation Names\7f445678
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f447787
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f448503
-Node: Operation Controls\7f449176
-Node: Optional Features\7f450134
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f461227
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f462502
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f479352
-Node: Indexes\7f504529
-Node: Builtin Index\7f504983
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f511810
-Node: Variable Index\7f514258
-Node: Function Index\7f530750
-Node: Concept Index\7f544534
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f190120
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f190465
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f201007
+Node: Special Builtins\7f216721
+Node: Shell Variables\7f217700
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f218137
+Node: Bash Variables\7f220241
+Node: Bash Features\7f253056
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f254069
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f260082
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f265185
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f265595
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f266244
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f267059
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f270688
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f275330
+Node: Aliases\7f278274
+Node: Arrays\7f280887
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f287134
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f287918
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f292178
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f295143
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f297753
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f309026
+Node: Job Control\7f315945
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f316405
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f321407
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f326807
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f327963
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f329634
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f331257
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f332448
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f334231
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f335191
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f337109
+Node: Searching\7f338153
+Node: Readline Init File\7f340339
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f341600
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f363088
+Node: Sample Init File\7f367284
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f370408
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f371612
+Node: Commands For History\7f373663
+Node: Commands For Text\7f378657
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f382306
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f385339
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f386478
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f390669
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f391356
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f397295
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f398202
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f405982
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f416677
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f421924
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f422608
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f425613
+Node: History Interaction\7f430621
+Node: Event Designators\7f434241
+Node: Word Designators\7f435595
+Node: Modifiers\7f437355
+Node: Installing Bash\7f439166
+Node: Basic Installation\7f440303
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f444025
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f444766
+Node: Installation Names\7f446459
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f448568
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f449284
+Node: Operation Controls\7f449957
+Node: Optional Features\7f450915
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f462008
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f463283
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f480133
+Node: Indexes\7f505310
+Node: Builtin Index\7f505764
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f512591
+Node: Variable Index\7f515039
+Node: Function Index\7f531531
+Node: Concept Index\7f545315
\1f
End Tag Table
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-(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [114] [115]
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-[160] [161] [162] Appendix A [163] Appendix B [164] [165] [166] [167] [168]
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+[161] [162] [163] Appendix A [164] Appendix B [165] [166] [167] [168] [169]
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+ (./fdl.texi [172] [173] [174] [175] [176] [177] [178])
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%%Page: 105 111
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%%Page: 108 114
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g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(4)2025 3185
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(34)2021 3545 y Fs(Y)2025
3673 y Fb(y)n(anking)h(text)13 b Fc(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(117)p eop end
+g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(118)p eop end
%%Trailer
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
If @code{read} times out, @code{read} saves any partial input read into
the specified variable @var{name}.
If @var{timeout} is 0, @code{read} returns immediately, without trying to
-read any data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
+read any data.
+The exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+or the read will return EOF,
+non-zero otherwise.
The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
@item -u @var{fd}
Turning this option off causes the effective user
and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+@item -r
+Enable restricted shell mode.
+This option cannot be unset once it has been set.
+
@item -t
Exit after reading and executing one command.
Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
Unsetting the last element of an array variable does not unset the variable.
@code{unset @var{name}}, where @var{name} is an array, removes the
-entire array. A subscript of @samp{*} or @samp{@@} also removes the
entire array.
+@code{unset @var{name}[@var{subscript}]} behaves differently
+depending on the array type when given a
+subscript of @samp{*} or @samp{@@}.
+When @var{name} is an associative array, it removes the element with key
+@samp{*} or @samp{@@}.
+If @var{name} is an indexed array, @code{unset} removes all of the elements,
+but does not remove the array itself.
When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a command,
such as with @code{unset}, without using the word expansion syntax
@item
Specifying the @option{-p} option to the @code{command} builtin.
@item
-Turning off restricted mode with @samp{set +r} or @samp{set +o restricted}.
+Turning off restricted mode with @samp{set +r} or @samp{shopt -u restricted_shell}.
@end itemize
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
output that can be reused as input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message
when the @option{-l} option is supplied.
@end itemize
+
+@item compat51 (set using BASH_COMPAT)
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+The @code{unset} builtin treats attempts to unset array subscripts @samp{@@}
+and @samp{*} differently depending on whether the array is indexed or
+associative, and differently than in previous versions.
+@end itemize
@end table
@node Job Control
@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{103}
@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{104}
@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{105}
-@numsecentry{Shell Compatibility Mode}{6.12}{Shell Compatibility Mode}{108}
-@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{111}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{111}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{112}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{114}
-@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{115}
-@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{115}
-@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{115}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{116}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{116}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{117}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{117}
-@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{117}
-@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{118}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{118}
-@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{126}
-@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{128}
-@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{131}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{131}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{132}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{134}
-@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{135}
-@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{136}
-@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{137}
-@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{138}
-@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{139}
-@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{141}
-@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{141}
-@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{144}
-@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{148}
-@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{150}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{150}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{150}
-@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{152}
-@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{153}
-@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{154}
-@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{154}
-@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{156}
-@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{156}
-@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{157}
-@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{157}
-@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{158}
-@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{158}
-@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{158}
-@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{159}
-@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{159}
-@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{164}
-@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{165}
-@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{169}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{171}
-@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{179}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{179}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{180}
-@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{181}
-@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{183}
-@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{185}
+@numsecentry{Shell Compatibility Mode}{6.12}{Shell Compatibility Mode}{109}
+@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{112}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{112}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{113}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{115}
+@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{116}
+@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{116}
+@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{116}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{117}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{117}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{118}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{118}
+@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{118}
+@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{119}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{119}
+@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{127}
+@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{129}
+@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{132}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{132}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{133}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{135}
+@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{136}
+@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{137}
+@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{138}
+@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{139}
+@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{140}
+@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{142}
+@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{142}
+@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{145}
+@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{149}
+@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{151}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{151}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{151}
+@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{153}
+@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{154}
+@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{155}
+@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{155}
+@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{157}
+@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{157}
+@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{158}
+@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{158}
+@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{159}
+@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{159}
+@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{159}
+@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{160}
+@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{160}
+@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{165}
+@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{166}
+@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{170}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{172}
+@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{180}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{180}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{181}
+@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{182}
+@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{184}
+@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{186}
\entry{TMOUT}{88}{\code {TMOUT}}
\entry{TMPDIR}{89}{\code {TMPDIR}}
\entry{UID}{89}{\code {UID}}
-\entry{auto_resume}{114}{\code {auto_resume}}
-\entry{bell-style}{119}{\code {bell-style}}
-\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{119}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
-\entry{blink-matching-paren}{119}{\code {blink-matching-paren}}
-\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{119}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}
-\entry{colored-stats}{119}{\code {colored-stats}}
-\entry{comment-begin}{119}{\code {comment-begin}}
-\entry{completion-display-width}{120}{\code {completion-display-width}}
-\entry{completion-ignore-case}{120}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
-\entry{completion-map-case}{120}{\code {completion-map-case}}
-\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{120}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
-\entry{completion-query-items}{120}{\code {completion-query-items}}
-\entry{convert-meta}{120}{\code {convert-meta}}
-\entry{disable-completion}{120}{\code {disable-completion}}
-\entry{echo-control-characters}{120}{\code {echo-control-characters}}
-\entry{editing-mode}{120}{\code {editing-mode}}
-\entry{emacs-mode-string}{121}{\code {emacs-mode-string}}
-\entry{enable-active-region}{121}{\code {enable-active-region}}
-\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{121}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}
-\entry{enable-keypad}{121}{\code {enable-keypad}}
-\entry{expand-tilde}{121}{\code {expand-tilde}}
-\entry{history-preserve-point}{121}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
-\entry{history-size}{122}{\code {history-size}}
-\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{122}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
-\entry{input-meta}{122}{\code {input-meta}}
-\entry{meta-flag}{122}{\code {meta-flag}}
-\entry{isearch-terminators}{122}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
-\entry{keymap}{122}{\code {keymap}}
-\entry{mark-modified-lines}{123}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
-\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{123}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
-\entry{match-hidden-files}{123}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
-\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{123}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}
-\entry{output-meta}{123}{\code {output-meta}}
-\entry{page-completions}{123}{\code {page-completions}}
-\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{123}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
-\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{124}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
-\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{124}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
-\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{124}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
-\entry{skip-completed-text}{124}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
-\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{124}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}
-\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{124}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}
-\entry{visible-stats}{125}{\code {visible-stats}}
+\entry{auto_resume}{115}{\code {auto_resume}}
+\entry{bell-style}{120}{\code {bell-style}}
+\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{120}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
+\entry{blink-matching-paren}{120}{\code {blink-matching-paren}}
+\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{120}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}
+\entry{colored-stats}{120}{\code {colored-stats}}
+\entry{comment-begin}{120}{\code {comment-begin}}
+\entry{completion-display-width}{121}{\code {completion-display-width}}
+\entry{completion-ignore-case}{121}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
+\entry{completion-map-case}{121}{\code {completion-map-case}}
+\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{121}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
+\entry{completion-query-items}{121}{\code {completion-query-items}}
+\entry{convert-meta}{121}{\code {convert-meta}}
+\entry{disable-completion}{121}{\code {disable-completion}}
+\entry{echo-control-characters}{121}{\code {echo-control-characters}}
+\entry{editing-mode}{121}{\code {editing-mode}}
+\entry{emacs-mode-string}{122}{\code {emacs-mode-string}}
+\entry{enable-active-region}{122}{\code {enable-active-region}}
+\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{122}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}
+\entry{enable-keypad}{122}{\code {enable-keypad}}
+\entry{expand-tilde}{122}{\code {expand-tilde}}
+\entry{history-preserve-point}{122}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
+\entry{history-size}{123}{\code {history-size}}
+\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{123}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
+\entry{input-meta}{123}{\code {input-meta}}
+\entry{meta-flag}{123}{\code {meta-flag}}
+\entry{isearch-terminators}{123}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
+\entry{keymap}{123}{\code {keymap}}
+\entry{mark-modified-lines}{124}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
+\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{124}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
+\entry{match-hidden-files}{124}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
+\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{124}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}
+\entry{output-meta}{124}{\code {output-meta}}
+\entry{page-completions}{124}{\code {page-completions}}
+\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{124}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
+\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{125}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
+\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{125}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
+\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{125}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
+\entry{skip-completed-text}{125}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
+\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{125}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}
+\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{125}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}
+\entry{visible-stats}{126}{\code {visible-stats}}
\initial {0}
\entry{\code {0}}{23}
\initial {A}
-\entry{\code {auto_resume}}{114}
+\entry{\code {auto_resume}}{115}
\initial {B}
\entry{\code {BASH}}{78}
\entry{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{78}
\entry{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{80}
\entry{\code {BASHOPTS}}{78}
\entry{\code {BASHPID}}{78}
-\entry{\code {bell-style}}{119}
-\entry{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{119}
-\entry{\code {blink-matching-paren}}{119}
+\entry{\code {bell-style}}{120}
+\entry{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{120}
+\entry{\code {blink-matching-paren}}{120}
\initial {C}
\entry{\code {CDPATH}}{77}
\entry{\code {CHILD_MAX}}{81}
-\entry{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{119}
-\entry{\code {colored-stats}}{119}
+\entry{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{120}
+\entry{\code {colored-stats}}{120}
\entry{\code {COLUMNS}}{81}
-\entry{\code {comment-begin}}{119}
+\entry{\code {comment-begin}}{120}
\entry{\code {COMP_CWORD}}{81}
\entry{\code {COMP_KEY}}{81}
\entry{\code {COMP_LINE}}{81}
\entry{\code {COMP_TYPE}}{81}
\entry{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{81}
\entry{\code {COMP_WORDS}}{81}
-\entry{\code {completion-display-width}}{120}
-\entry{\code {completion-ignore-case}}{120}
-\entry{\code {completion-map-case}}{120}
-\entry{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{120}
-\entry{\code {completion-query-items}}{120}
+\entry{\code {completion-display-width}}{121}
+\entry{\code {completion-ignore-case}}{121}
+\entry{\code {completion-map-case}}{121}
+\entry{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{121}
+\entry{\code {completion-query-items}}{121}
\entry{\code {COMPREPLY}}{82}
-\entry{\code {convert-meta}}{120}
+\entry{\code {convert-meta}}{121}
\entry{\code {COPROC}}{82}
\initial {D}
\entry{\code {DIRSTACK}}{82}
-\entry{\code {disable-completion}}{120}
+\entry{\code {disable-completion}}{121}
\initial {E}
-\entry{\code {echo-control-characters}}{120}
-\entry{\code {editing-mode}}{120}
-\entry{\code {emacs-mode-string}}{121}
+\entry{\code {echo-control-characters}}{121}
+\entry{\code {editing-mode}}{121}
+\entry{\code {emacs-mode-string}}{122}
\entry{\code {EMACS}}{82}
-\entry{\code {enable-active-region}}{121}
-\entry{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{121}
-\entry{\code {enable-keypad}}{121}
+\entry{\code {enable-active-region}}{122}
+\entry{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{122}
+\entry{\code {enable-keypad}}{122}
\entry{\code {ENV}}{82}
\entry{\code {EPOCHREALTIME}}{82}
\entry{\code {EPOCHSECONDS}}{82}
\entry{\code {EUID}}{82}
\entry{\code {EXECIGNORE}}{82}
-\entry{\code {expand-tilde}}{121}
+\entry{\code {expand-tilde}}{122}
\initial {F}
\entry{\code {FCEDIT}}{83}
\entry{\code {FIGNORE}}{83}
\entry{\code {HISTFILE}}{84}
\entry{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{84}
\entry{\code {HISTIGNORE}}{84}
-\entry{\code {history-preserve-point}}{121}
-\entry{\code {history-size}}{122}
+\entry{\code {history-preserve-point}}{122}
+\entry{\code {history-size}}{123}
\entry{\code {HISTSIZE}}{84}
\entry{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{84}
\entry{\code {HOME}}{77}
-\entry{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{122}
+\entry{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{123}
\entry{\code {HOSTFILE}}{85}
\entry{\code {HOSTNAME}}{85}
\entry{\code {HOSTTYPE}}{85}
\initial {I}
\entry{\code {IFS}}{77}
\entry{\code {IGNOREEOF}}{85}
-\entry{\code {input-meta}}{122}
+\entry{\code {input-meta}}{123}
\entry{\code {INPUTRC}}{85}
\entry{\code {INSIDE_EMACS}}{85}
-\entry{\code {isearch-terminators}}{122}
+\entry{\code {isearch-terminators}}{123}
\initial {K}
-\entry{\code {keymap}}{122}
+\entry{\code {keymap}}{123}
\initial {L}
\entry{\code {LANG}}{8, 85}
\entry{\code {LC_ALL}}{85}
\entry{\code {MAILCHECK}}{86}
\entry{\code {MAILPATH}}{77}
\entry{\code {MAPFILE}}{86}
-\entry{\code {mark-modified-lines}}{123}
-\entry{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{123}
-\entry{\code {match-hidden-files}}{123}
-\entry{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{123}
-\entry{\code {meta-flag}}{122}
+\entry{\code {mark-modified-lines}}{124}
+\entry{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{124}
+\entry{\code {match-hidden-files}}{124}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{124}
+\entry{\code {meta-flag}}{123}
\initial {O}
\entry{\code {OLDPWD}}{86}
\entry{\code {OPTARG}}{77}
\entry{\code {OPTERR}}{86}
\entry{\code {OPTIND}}{77}
\entry{\code {OSTYPE}}{86}
-\entry{\code {output-meta}}{123}
+\entry{\code {output-meta}}{124}
\initial {P}
-\entry{\code {page-completions}}{123}
+\entry{\code {page-completions}}{124}
\entry{\code {PATH}}{77}
\entry{\code {PIPESTATUS}}{86}
\entry{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{86}
\entry{\code {READLINE_MARK}}{87}
\entry{\code {READLINE_POINT}}{87}
\entry{\code {REPLY}}{87}
-\entry{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{123}
+\entry{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{124}
\initial {S}
\entry{\code {SECONDS}}{87}
\entry{\code {SHELL}}{87}
\entry{\code {SHELLOPTS}}{88}
\entry{\code {SHLVL}}{88}
-\entry{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{124}
-\entry{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{124}
-\entry{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{124}
-\entry{\code {skip-completed-text}}{124}
+\entry{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{125}
+\entry{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{125}
+\entry{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{125}
+\entry{\code {skip-completed-text}}{125}
\entry{\code {SRANDOM}}{88}
\initial {T}
\entry{\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{8}
\initial {U}
\entry{\code {UID}}{89}
\initial {V}
-\entry{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{124}
-\entry{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{124}
-\entry{\code {visible-stats}}{125}
+\entry{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{125}
+\entry{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{125}
+\entry{\code {visible-stats}}{126}
the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is
- greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+ -\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
+ set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ previous versions.
+
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
bash(1), sh(1)
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4
-%%CreationDate: Tue Nov 16 10:02:54 2021
+%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 22 11:02:09 2021
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
.25 E F1(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F1(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F3 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 576 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
--.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
-.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
-588 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F3<ad75>144 600 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 600 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
-(If no)144 616.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 576 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
+.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F
+1.224(turn EOF)180 588 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724
+F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225
+(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
+(ceeded.)180 600 Q F3<ad75>144 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 612 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
+(If no)144 628.8 R F1(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
-.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144
-628.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
+.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
+640.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F3 -.18
-(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96
+(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-640.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
-(signing to a readonly v)144 652.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+652.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
+(signing to a readonly v)144 664.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad75>144 664.8 Q F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108
-6
81.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E
+.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad75>144 676.8 Q F0(.)A F3 -.18(re)108
+6
93.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 693.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F1(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
-F F1(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097
-(quent assignment.)144 705.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F3<ad66>3.597 E F0
-1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F1
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 717.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
--.1 F F3<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
-(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
--3.334 F F3<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E 2.505(ables to associati)144 729.6 R 2.805 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 5.005
-(rrays. If).15 F 2.505(both options are supplied,)5.005 F F3<ad41>5.005
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(ar)144 84 Q .853(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .853(n, or if the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.353 E F0
-.853(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.353
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-a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 96 R(The)5.559 E F1<ad70>
-3.058 E F0 .2(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may\
- be reused as input.)144 108 R .201(If a v)5.201 F .201(ariable name is)
--.25 F(follo)144 120 Q .134(wed by =)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)
-A(d)-.37 E F0 2.634(,t)C .133(he v)-2.634 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F
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+ subset of the set of readonly names.)144 108 R(The)5.559 E F1<ad70>
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+ay be reused as input.)144 120 R .2(If a v)5.2 F .2(ariable name is)-.25
+F(follo)144 132 Q .133(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.633(,t)C
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+F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133
(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26
-(option is encountered, one of the)144 132 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26
+(option is encountered, one of the)144 144 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26
(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F
-F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 144 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 172.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
-(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 184.8 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 196.8 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 156 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 172.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 184.8 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
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+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
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+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 208.8 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 208.8 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
+144 220.8 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 232.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
-(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 244.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
-(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 268.8 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
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-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 280.8 R -.15
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+.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 244.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
+(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
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+(causes the shell to stop e)144 256.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
+(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
+144 268.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
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+(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 280.8 R .444
+(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 292.8 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
-E .75(mand associated with the)144 292.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
+.749(mand associated with the)144 304.8 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 304.8 Q F1
-(set)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 316.8 Q F1
+(set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1
-(set)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
+(set)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
-345.6 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
-(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574
+357.6 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574
+(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573
(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 357.6 R 2.613
+(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 369.6 R 2.613
(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 369.6
+(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 381.6
R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)
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-F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 381.6 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G
-.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15
-G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16
-(tion processing are treated as v)144 393.6 R .161
+F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 393.6 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
+(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G
+-.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161
+(tion processing are treated as v)144 405.6 R .161
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
-2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 405.6 Q F0(,)A
-F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 417.6 Q
-F0 1.378(Each v)184 417.6 R 1.377
+2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 417.6 Q F0(,)A F1
+2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 429.6 Q F0
+1.377(Each v)184 429.6 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 429.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
-E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 441.6 Q F0 .131
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 441.6 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 453.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 465.6 Q F0
-.088(Exit immediately if a)184 465.6 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F
-F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 477.6 Q
-F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
+1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 441.6 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
+E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 453.6 Q F0 .132
+(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 453.6 R
+2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
+(primary prompt.)184 465.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
+-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 477.6 Q F0
+.087(Exit immediately if a)184 477.6 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
+(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
+F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 489.6 Q
+F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e)
-.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08
-(The shell does not e)184 489.6 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
-.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 501.6
-Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0
--.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655
-(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv)
-4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 513.6 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
--.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
-(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 525.6 R
-F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)
--3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918
-(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E
--.25(va)184 537.6 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
-(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66
-(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 549.6 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
-F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 561.6 R 2.678
-(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678
-(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
-(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177
-(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 573.6 R .617
+.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079
+(The shell does not e)184 501.6 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
+.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 513.6 Q
+1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0
+-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
+(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
+4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 525.6 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
+-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
+(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
+(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 537.6 R
+F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
+-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
+(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
+-.25(va)184 549.6 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66
+(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
+(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
+(non-zero status because a command f)184 561.6 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
+F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 573.6 R 2.677
+(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
+(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
+(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
+(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 585.6 R .617
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 585.6 R(ONMENT)
+-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 597.6 R(ONMENT)
-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 597.6
-Q .998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 615.6 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.499 E
-F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184
-627.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089
-(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502
-(will be af)184 6
39.6 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
+(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 609.6
+Q .999(If a compound command or shell function e)184 627.6 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .998(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.498 E
+F0 .998(is being ig-)3.498 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184
+639.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089
+(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .503
+(will be af)184 6
51.6 R .503(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1
-<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503
-(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 651.6 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684
-(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F1<ad65>4.183 E F0
-1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184 663.6 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653
-(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954
--.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 675.6 Q F1
-<ad66>144 687.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 687.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
-<ad68>144 699.6 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184
-699.6 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F
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(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
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498 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
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510 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
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-570 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 570 R
-F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G
-.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 582
-R F1<ad78>3.02
1 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
+582 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 582 R
+F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G
+.797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 594
+R F1<ad78>3.02
2 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
-3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B
-(rameters remain unchanged.)184 594 Q .425(The options are of)144 610.8
+3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B
+(rameters remain unchanged.)184 606 Q .425(The options are of)144 622.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 622.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
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(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 634.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+(current set of options may be found in)144 646.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 646.8 Q F1(shift)108 663.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 675.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 687.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 699.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
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+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 687.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
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+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 711.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
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-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 711.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
-.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 723.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 723.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q
(2021 September 30)135.955 E(17)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
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-(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 120 R .065
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-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 168 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 168
-Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 180 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)
-180 180 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 192 Q F0 .003(Suppresses \
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-180 192 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 204 R
-.255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
-(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
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-(all)180 216 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5
-E F1<ad6f>144 228 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 228 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
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-(If either)144 244.8 R F1<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
-.624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)
--.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
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-256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)-.65 G .983
-(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 268.8 S(ult.)
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 148.8 R F2
+(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
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+E(options ha)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 184.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+184.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 196.8 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180 196.8 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+208.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
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+E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
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+(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 232.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
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+(Restricts the v)180 244.8 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
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+(set or unset, respecti)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
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+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 285.6 S(ult.)
.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-285.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.044 F .696
+302.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
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(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 297.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 309.6 Q(The list of)144 326.4 Q F1(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 344.4 Q F0 1.945
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 356.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944
-(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 368.4 R .885
+144 314.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 326.4 Q(The list of)144 343.2 Q F1(shopt)
+2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 361.2 Q F0 1.944
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 373.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
+(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 385.2 R .885
(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885
-(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 380.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 397.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1
-(autocd)144 392.4 Q F0 .2
-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 392.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 404.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(autocd)144 409.2 Q F0 .199
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 409.2 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment to the)184 421.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 416.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 428.4 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 433.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 445.2 R .156
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 440.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 452.4 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 457.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 469.2 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-452.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 464.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 476.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
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+(corrected. The)184 481.2 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 493.2 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 488.4 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 505.2 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 500.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 512.4 R F1(bash)3.236
-E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 517.2 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 529.2 R F1(bash)3.237
+E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
-524.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 536.4
-Q F0 .449(If set,)184 548.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
-(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 560.4 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
+541.2 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 553.2
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 565.2 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
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.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473
-(tempted without an interv)184 572.4 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F
+(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.472
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-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 596.4 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
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1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
-(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 620.4 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G
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-3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 632.4 S(ult.).1 E F1
-(cmdhist)144 644.4 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 644.4 R F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172
-(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
+(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 637.2 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85
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+(cmdhist)144 661.2 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 661.2 R F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173
+(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
-184 656.4 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
+184 673.2 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 668.4 S 1.287(ult, b)
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 685.2 S 1.288(ult, b)
.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
-(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 680.4 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A
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-(2021 September 30)135.955 E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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+F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 September 30)135.955 E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg
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%%Page: 19 19
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-184.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 196.8 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all \
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-(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 208.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F
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768 Q(2021 September 30)135.955 E(21)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 22 22
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+(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
+4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F
(used when there are \214v)144 454.8 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 466.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
F0 -.35(Tr)180 466.8 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23
E 2.5(2a)144 621.6 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
180 633.6 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 645.6 R .38
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 657.6 Q .553
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 645.6 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 657.6 Q .552
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 669.6 Q
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 705.6 R 1.155 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
-F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 717.6 R .578(xpression i\
+F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 717.6 R .578(xpression i\
s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F
-(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 729.6 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833
-E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
+(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 729.6 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
+E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F
(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 September 30)135.955 E(22)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 23 23
-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558
(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1
-E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 96 R 3.021
-(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F
-(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 108 Q
+E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 96 R 3.021
+(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F
+(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 108 Q
.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485
(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18
F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 120 Q
(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 144 R .43
-(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429
-(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.929 E F0 2.929
-(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 156 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
-1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
-(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745
-(ments. the)180 168 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
-(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18
-F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 180 R(xactly)
--.15 E F1(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309(gument is e)
--.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31
-(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F
-.184(second and third ar)180 192 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184
-(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .183
+(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 144 R .429
+(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43
+(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.93 E F0 2.93(,t)C
+.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 156 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314
+(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
+(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744
+(ments. the)180 168 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
+(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.745(guments. If)-.18
+F .245(the \214rst ar)2.745 F(gument)-.18 E .31(is e)180 180 R(xactly)
+-.15 E F1(\()2.81 E F0 .31(and the fourth ar)2.81 F .31(gument is e)-.18
+F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .309(he result is the tw)
+-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183
+(second and third ar)180 192 R 2.683(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184
+(the e)2.684 F .184(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .184
(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 204
Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 216 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E
(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 228 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)
imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 274.8 R
(The return status is 0.)144 286.8 Q F1(trap)108 303.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command)144 315.6 R F2(ar)
-3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682
-(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(ss).15 G
-(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F2(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G(f)-5.683 E F2
-(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
+(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .683(The command)144 315.6 R F2(ar)
+3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683(is to be read and e)3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682
+(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(ss).15 G
+(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F2(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G(f)-5.682 E F2
+(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608(absent \(and there is a single)
144 327.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.658(\(the v)144 339.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
--.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
+.659(\(the v)144 339.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
+-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
-144.34 351.6 Q F0 .581
-(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
-(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
+144.34 351.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
+3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
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(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 363.6 R
-F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
+F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 375.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
(signal. The)144 387.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
-to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F
-4.311(bers. Each)144 399.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81
-(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
+to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31
+(bers. Each)144 399.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
+(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811
+(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E
(names are case insensiti)144 411.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666
-(If a)144 429.6 R F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0
-.666(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
-.667(If a)5.667 F F2(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09
-(BU)144 441.6 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .484(the command)
-2.734 F F2(ar)3.314 E(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484
-(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .483(simple command)
-2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F2(case)2.983 E F0
-(command,)2.983 E F2(select)144 453.6 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667
+(If a)144 429.6 R F2(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(EXIT)3.167 E F0
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+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
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+(BU)144 441.6 S(G).09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .483(the command)
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+(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .484(simple command)
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+(command,)2.984 E F2(select)144 453.6 Q F0 .563(command, e)3.063 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .563(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)3.063 E F0 .563
-(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563
-(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 465.6 R F3 .622
+(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .562
+(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 465.6 R F3 .622
(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15
F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0
.622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496
(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18
(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E
F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 S
-(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 519.6 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F3
-(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0
-.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\
+(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 519.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F3
+(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E
+F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\
gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\
-ro e)144 531.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144
-543.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451
-(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452
-(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
-(mand list immediately follo)144 555.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
-2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
-(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387
-(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 567.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+ro e)144 531.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144
+543.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451
+(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451
+(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387
+(mand list immediately follo)144 555.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
+2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
+(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388
+(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 567.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778
(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0
-3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 579.6 R
+(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0
+3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 579.6 R
1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)
-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F
F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 591.6 Q
(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5
-(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .132
+(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E .133
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-609.6 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117
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(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 621.6 R .117
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117
(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 633.6 R
(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0
(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])
A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 662.4 S
-.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2
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-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
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F1<ad74>144 674.4 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
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F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2
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-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
-(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
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+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
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(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 710.4 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if)
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144 722.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528
-E F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G
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(TH)-.189 E F0(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 September 30)135.955 E(23)
185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 24 24
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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+<ad70>2.506 E F0(and)144 96 Q F3<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)
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(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F3<ad61>144 108 Q F0 .823(option is used,)
-3.323 F F3(type)3.323 E F0 .824
-(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824
-(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-)
--5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 120
-R F3<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
+F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
+(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F3<ad61>144 108 Q F0 .824(option is used,)
+3.324 F F3(type)3.324 E F0 .824
+(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
+(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18 G .823(his in-)
+-5.823 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 120
+R F3<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177
(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
144 132 R F3<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F3<ad66>3.723 E F0
-1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
-144 144 R F3(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5.326
-E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
-(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 156 Q F3(ulimit)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
+144 144 R F3(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5.325
+E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
+(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 156 Q F3(ulimit)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
(\255HS)A F0(])A F3<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255HS)A
F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 196.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 196.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 208.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F3<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.943(that allo)144 208.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F3<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 232.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F3<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F3<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 232.8 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F3<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F3<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
244.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 256.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F3
+.741(of the special v)144 256.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F3
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
-C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
+C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024
(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 268.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
-(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144 280.8 R F3<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
-(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
+(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984
+(source is printed, unless the)144 280.8 R F3<ad48>3.484 E F0 .984
+(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 292.8
R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 424.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 436.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
+180 436.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
(be set\))180 448.8 Q F3<ad70>144 460.8 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3
<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0
E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F3<ad61>
2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .04
4(n, then).15 F F3<ad66>
-2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F3
-<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045
+(no option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .04
5(n, then).15 F F3<ad66>
+2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F3
+<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144
633.6 R F3<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
F3<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
-3.17 F F3<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F3<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F3<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F3<ad6b>144 645.6 Q F0(,)A F3<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
+A F3<ad6b>144 645.6 Q F0(,)A F3<ad6e>3.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E
F3<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F3<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
-F3<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
+F3<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238
(512-byte increments.)144 657.6 R .238
-(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
+(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
(error occurs while setting a ne)144 669.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
F3(umask)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
pted by)144 710.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-722.4 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+722.4 Q F1(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q
(2021 September 30)135.955 E(24)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
84 R .547(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)
-5.547 G(he)-3.047 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547
(option is supplied, and)3.047 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 96
-Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 108 Q
+Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 108 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
(unalias)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 136.8 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
-F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 136.8 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E
+F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
3.258 F(mo)144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 165.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 177.6 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
-3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 177.6 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0
+3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 189.6 Q F0 .465
-(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 201.6 R F1
-<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
+(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 189.6 Q F0 .464
+(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
+(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
+2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 201.6 R F1
+<ad66>2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 213.6 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 213.6 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
-(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 225.6 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
-<ad6e>5.7
19 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
-3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 237.6 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
-3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
-(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-249.6 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
+(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F
+.72(rather than the v)144 225.6 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+<ad6e>5.7
2 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
+3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F
+.736(are supplied, each)144 237.6 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736
+(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737
+(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144
+249.6 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
+-.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171
(passed to subsequent commands.)144 261.6 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
-.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 273.6 S
-(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
+.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
+F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 273.6 S
+(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
-F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
+F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
144 285.6 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
-297.6 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
-4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
-1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 309.6 Q(The e)5 E
+297.6 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
+4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya)
+-.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 309.6 Q(The e)5 E
(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 338.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\
hild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
-3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
+3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process)3.929 F .009
(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
-(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F2(id)144.01 362.4 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
-F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
+-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008
+(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E
+F2(id)144.01 362.4 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
+F1(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
+.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598
(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 374.4 R F1($!)3.098 E F0
-3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
-F F1<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 386.4
-Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
+3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597
+F F1<ad6e>3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 386.4
+Q F0 -.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083
E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
--.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 398.4 R
-.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
-(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
+-.15 G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 398.4 R
+.404(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
+(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572
(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 410.4 R .573
-(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
-(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
+(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573
+(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39
(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
144 422.4 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
144 434.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
(an)144 446.4 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0
-(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 458.4 R F1
+(option,)3.89 E .574(when job control is enabled, forces)144 458.4 R F1
(wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0
-.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
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-(ash v)-3.196 F .696(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15
-F 1.321(tional message to that ef)180 156 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.821(nw).15 G 1.321
+(ash v)-3.196 F .695(ersions prior to bash-5.1 printed an informa-)-.15
+F 1.32(tional message to that ef)180 156 R 1.321(fect, e)-.25 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 3.821(nw).15 G 1.321
(hen producing output that can be reused as input.)-3.821 F
(Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the)180 168 Q F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0
-(option is supplied.)2.5 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 184.8 Q
-F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 196.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q
-(2021 September 30)135.955 E(27)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+(option is supplied.)2.5 E F1(compat51)108 184.8 Q F0<83>144 196.8 Q
+(The)180 196.8 Q F1(unset)2.955 E F0 -.2(bu)2.955 G .455
+(iltin treats attempts to unset array subscripts).2 F F1(@)2.954 E F0
+(and)2.954 E F1(*)2.954 E F0(dif)2.954 E .454(ferently depending)-.25 F
+(on whether the array is inde)180 208.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G
+2.5(ra)-2.5 G(ssociati)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,a).15 G(nd dif)-2.5 E
+(ferently than in pre)-.25 E(vious v)-.25 E(ersions.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 225.6 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 237.6 Q
+(GNU Bash 5.1)72 768 Q(2021 September 30)135.955 E(27)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
- +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd.
+ +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
+ s\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
- When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed, r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed, r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh
turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4
-%%CreationDate: Tue Nov 16 10:02:54 2021
+%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 22 11:02:09 2021
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4
379.2 Q(specifying the)144 379.2 Q F2<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 396 Q
(turning of)144 396 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F2
-(set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A
-(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 412.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(shopt -u r)2.5 E(estricted_shell)-.18 E F0
+(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 412.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E .429
(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 429.6 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E F2(rbash)2.929 E F0 .429(turns of)2.929 F 2.929
Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sat Nov 20 12:41:30 EST 2021
+@set LASTCHANGE Mon Nov 22 09:58:18 EST 2021
-@set EDITION 5.1
-@set VERSION 5.1
+@set EDITION 5.2
+@set VERSION 5.2
-@set UPDATED 20 November 2021
+@set UPDATED 22 November 2021
@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2021
ALLPROG = print truefalse sleep finfo logname basename dirname fdflags \
tty pathchk tee head mkdir rmdir mkfifo mktemp printenv id whoami \
uname sync push ln unlink realpath strftime mypid setpgid seq rm \
- accept csv cut stat
+ accept csv cut stat getconf
OTHERPROG = necho hello cat pushd asort
all: $(SHOBJ_STATUS)
printenv: printenv.o
$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ printenv.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+getconf: getconf.o
+ $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ getconf.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
id: id.o
$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ id.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
accept.o: accept.c
sleep.o: sleep.c
finfo.o: finfo.c
+getconf.o: getconf.c getconf.h
logname.o: logname.c
basename.o: basename.c
dirname.o: dirname.c
--- /dev/null
+/* Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+ This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+ by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
+
+/* Modified by Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> for inclusion in bash. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <error.h>
+#include <libintl.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "typemax.h"
+#include "loadables.h"
+#include "getconf.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+/* Hack to `encode' values wider than long into a conf_variable */
+#define VAL_LLONG_MIN -1000
+#define VAL_LLONG_MAX -1001
+#define VAL_ULLONG_MAX -1002
+#define VAL_ULONG_MAX -1003
+#define VAL_SSIZE_MAX -1004
+#define VAL_SIZE_MAX -1005
+
+struct conf
+ {
+ const char *name;
+ const long call_name; /* or value for CONSTANT */
+ const enum { SYSCONF, CONFSTR, PATHCONF, CONSTANT, UNDEFINED } call;
+ };
+
+static const struct conf vars[] =
+ {
+#ifdef _PC_LINK_MAX
+ { "LINK_MAX", _PC_LINK_MAX, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_LINK_MAX", _PC_LINK_MAX, PATHCONF },
+#else
+ { "LINK_MAX", _POSIX_LINK_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "_POSIX_LINK_MAX", _POSIX_LINK_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_MAX_CANON
+ { "MAX_CANON", _PC_MAX_CANON, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_MAX_CANON", _PC_MAX_CANON, PATHCONF },
+#else
+ { "MAX_CANON", _POSIX_MAX_CANON, CONSTANT },
+ { "_POSIX_MAX_CANON", _POSIX_MAX_CANON, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_MAX_INPUT
+ { "MAX_INPUT", _PC_MAX_INPUT, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_MAX_INPUT", _PC_MAX_INPUT, PATHCONF },
+#else
+ { "MAX_INPUT", _POSIX_MAX_INPUT, CONSTANT },
+ { "_POSIX_MAX_INPUT", _POSIX_MAX_INPUT, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_NAME_MAX
+ { "NAME_MAX", _PC_NAME_MAX, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_NAME_MAX", _PC_NAME_MAX, PATHCONF },
+#else
+ { "NAME_MAX", _POSIX_NAME_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "_POSIX_NAME_MAX", _POSIX_NAME_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_PATH_MAX
+ { "PATH_MAX", _PC_PATH_MAX, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_PATH_MAX", _PC_PATH_MAX, PATHCONF },
+#else
+ { "PATH_MAX", _POSIX_PATH_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "_POSIX_PATH_MAX", _POSIX_PATH_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_PIPE_BUF
+ { "PIPE_BUF", _PC_PIPE_BUF, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_PIPE_BUF", _PC_PIPE_BUF, PATHCONF },
+#else
+ { "PIPE_BUF", _POSIX_PIPE_BUF, CONSTANT },
+ { "_POSIX_PIPE_BUF", _POSIX_PIPE_BUF, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _PC_SOCK_MAXBUF
+ { "SOCK_MAXBUF", _PC_SOCK_MAXBUF, PATHCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_ASYNC_IO", _PC_ASYNC_IO, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED", _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_NO_TRUNC", _PC_NO_TRUNC, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_PRIO_IO", _PC_PRIO_IO, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_SYNC_IO", _PC_SYNC_IO, PATHCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_VDISABLE", _PC_VDISABLE, PATHCONF },
+
+ { "ARG_MAX", _SC_ARG_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "ATEXIT_MAX", _SC_ATEXIT_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_CHAR_BIT
+ { "CHAR_BIT", _SC_CHAR_BIT, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "CHAR_BIT", CHAR_BIT, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_CHAR_MAX
+ { "CHAR_MAX", _SC_CHAR_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "CHAR_BIT", CHAR_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_CHAR_MIN
+ { "CHAR_MIN", _SC_CHAR_MIN, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "CHAR_MIN", CHAR_MIN, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "CHILD_MAX", _SC_CHILD_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "CLK_TCK", _SC_CLK_TCK, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_INT_BIT
+ { "INT_BIT", _SC_INT_BIT, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "INT_BIT", INT_BIT, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_INT_MAX
+ { "INT_MAX", _SC_INT_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "INT_MAX", INT_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_INT_MIN
+ { "INT_MIN", _SC_INT_MIN, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "INT_MIN", INT_MIN, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_UIO_MAXIOV
+ { "IOV_MAX", _SC_UIO_MAXIOV, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "LOGNAME_MAX", _SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_LONG_BIT
+ { "LONG_BIT", _SC_LONG_BIT, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "LONG_BIT", LONG_BIT, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "LONG_MIN", LONG_MIN, CONSTANT },
+ { "LONG_MAX", LONG_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+ { "LLONG_MIN", VAL_LLONG_MIN, CONSTANT },
+ { "LLONG_MAX", VAL_LLONG_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#else
+ { "LLONG_MIN", LLONG_MIN, CONSTANT },
+ { "LLONG_MAX", LLONG_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_MB_LEN_MAX
+ { "MB_LEN_MAX", _SC_MB_LEN_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "MB_LEN_MAX", MB_LEN_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "NGROUPS_MAX", _SC_NGROUPS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_NL_ARGMAX
+ { "NL_ARGMAX", _SC_NL_ARGMAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NL_LANGMAX
+ { "NL_LANGMAX", _SC_NL_LANGMAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NL_MSGMAX
+ { "NL_MSGMAX", _SC_NL_MSGMAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NL_NMAX
+ { "NL_NMAX", _SC_NL_NMAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NL_SETMAX
+ { "NL_SETMAX", _SC_NL_SETMAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NL_TEXTMAX
+ { "NL_TEXTMAX", _SC_NL_TEXTMAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "NSS_BUFLEN_GROUP", _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "NSS_BUFLEN_PASSWD", _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_NZERO
+ { "NZERO", _SC_NZERO, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "OPEN_MAX", _SC_OPEN_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "PAGESIZE", _SC_PAGESIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "PAGE_SIZE", _SC_PAGESIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "PASS_MAX", _SC_PASS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS", _SC_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS, SYSCONF },
+ { "PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX", _SC_THREAD_KEYS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "PTHREAD_STACK_MIN", _SC_THREAD_STACK_MIN, SYSCONF },
+ { "PTHREAD_THREADS_MAX", _SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_SCHAR_MAX
+ { "SCHAR_MAX", _SC_SCHAR_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "SCHAR_MAX", SCHAR_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_SCHAR_MIN
+ { "SCHAR_MIN", _SC_SCHAR_MIN, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "SCHAR_MIN", SCHAR_MIN, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_SHRT_MAX
+ { "SHRT_MAX", _SC_SHRT_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "SHRT_MAX", SHRT_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_SHRT_MIN
+ { "SHRT_MIN", _SC_SHRT_MIN, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "SHRT_MIN", SHRT_MIN, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_SIZE_MAX
+ { "SIZE_MAX", _SC_SIZE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "SIZE_MAX", VAL_SIZE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_SSIZE_MAX
+ { "SSIZE_MAX", _SC_SSIZE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_MAX == 8
+ { "SSIZE_MAX", VAL_SSIZE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#else
+ { "SSIZE_MAX", VAL_SSIZE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "TTY_NAME_MAX", _SC_TTY_NAME_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "TZNAME_MAX", _SC_TZNAME_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_UCHAR_MAX
+ { "UCHAR_MAX", _SC_UCHAR_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "UCHAR_MAX", UCHAR_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_UINT_MAX
+ { "UINT_MAX", _SC_UINT_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "UINT_MAX", UINT_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_UIO_MAXIOV
+ { "UIO_MAXIOV", _SC_UIO_MAXIOV, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_ULONG_MAX
+ { "ULONG_MAX", _SC_ULONG_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "ULONG_MAX", VAL_ULONG_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+ { "ULLONG_MAX", VAL_ULLONG_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_USHRT_MAX
+ { "USHRT_MAX", _SC_USHRT_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "USHRT_MAX", USHRT_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_WORD_BIT
+ { "WORD_BIT", _SC_WORD_BIT, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "WORD_BIT", WORD_BIT, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_AVPHYS_PAGES
+ { "_AVPHYS_PAGES", _SC_AVPHYS_PAGES, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_NPROCESSORS_CONF", _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF, SYSCONF },
+ { "_NPROCESSORS_ONLN", _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN, SYSCONF },
+ { "_PHYS_PAGES", _SC_PHYS_PAGES, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_ARG_MAX
+ { "_POSIX_ARG_MAX", _SC_ARG_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "_POSIX_ARG_MAX", _POSIX_ARG_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO", _SC_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_CHILD_MAX
+ { "_POSIX_CHILD_MAX", _SC_CHILD_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "_POSIX_CHILD_MAX", _POSIX_CHILD_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_FSYNC", _SC_FSYNC, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL", _SC_JOB_CONTROL, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES", _SC_MAPPED_FILES, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_MEMLOCK", _SC_MEMLOCK, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_MEMLOCK_RANGE", _SC_MEMLOCK_RANGE, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_MEMORY_PROTECTION", _SC_MEMORY_PROTECTION, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_MESSAGE_PASSING", _SC_MESSAGE_PASSING, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX", _SC_NGROUPS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_OPEN_MAX", _SC_OPEN_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_PII
+ { "_POSIX_PII", _SC_PII, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_INTERNET
+ { "_POSIX_PII_INTERNET", _SC_PII_INTERNET, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_INTERNET_DGRAM
+ { "_POSIX_PII_INTERNET_DGRAM", _SC_PII_INTERNET_DGRAM, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_INTERNET_STREAM
+ { "_POSIX_PII_INTERNET_STREAM", _SC_PII_INTERNET_STREAM, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_OSI
+ { "_POSIX_PII_OSI", _SC_PII_OSI, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_OSI_CLTS
+ { "_POSIX_PII_OSI_CLTS", _SC_PII_OSI_CLTS, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_OSI_COTS
+ { "_POSIX_PII_OSI_COTS", _SC_PII_OSI_COTS, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_OSI_M
+ { "_POSIX_PII_OSI_M", _SC_PII_OSI_M, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_SOCKET
+ { "_POSIX_PII_SOCKET", _SC_PII_SOCKET, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PII_XTI
+ { "_POSIX_PII_XTI", _SC_PII_XTI, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_POLL
+ { "_POSIX_POLL", _SC_POLL, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_PRIORITIZED_IO", _SC_PRIORITIZED_IO, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING", _SC_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_REALTIME_SIGNALS", _SC_REALTIME_SIGNALS, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_SAVED_IDS", _SC_SAVED_IDS, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_SELECT
+ { "_POSIX_SELECT", _SC_SELECT, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_SEMAPHORES", _SC_SEMAPHORES, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS", _SC_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_SSIZE_MAX
+ { "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX", _SC_SSIZE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == 8
+ { "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX", VAL_SSIZE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#else
+ { "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX", VAL_SSIZE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_STREAM_MAX
+ { "_POSIX_STREAM_MAX", _SC_STREAM_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "_POSIX_STREAM_MAX", _POSIX_STREAM_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO", _SC_SYNCHRONIZED_IO, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREADS", _SC_THREADS, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR", _SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE", _SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING", _SC_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT", _SC_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT", _SC_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT", _SC_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT,
+ SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT", _SC_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT,
+ SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED", _SC_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS", _SC_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_TIMERS", _SC_TIMERS, SYSCONF },
+ { "TIMER_MAX", _SC_TIMER_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX
+ { "_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX", _SC_TZNAME_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX", _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_VERSION", _SC_VERSION, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_T_IOV_MAX
+ { "_T_IOV_MAX", _SC_T_IOV_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_XOPEN_CRYPT", _SC_XOPEN_CRYPT, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_ENH_I18N", _SC_XOPEN_ENH_I18N, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_LEGACY", _SC_XOPEN_LEGACY, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_REALTIME", _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS", _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_SHM", _SC_XOPEN_SHM, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_UNIX", _SC_XOPEN_UNIX, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_VERSION", _SC_XOPEN_VERSION, SYSCONF },
+ { "_XOPEN_XCU_VERSION", _SC_XOPEN_XCU_VERSION, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_XOPEN_XPG2
+ { "_XOPEN_XPG2", _SC_XOPEN_XPG2, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_XOPEN_XPG3
+ { "_XOPEN_XPG3", _SC_XOPEN_XPG3, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_XOPEN_XPG4
+ { "_XOPEN_XPG4", _SC_XOPEN_XPG4, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ /* POSIX.2 */
+#ifdef _SC_BC_BASE_MAX
+ { "BC_BASE_MAX", _SC_BC_BASE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX", _SC_BC_BASE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "BC_BASE_MAX", _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_BC_BASE_MAX
+ { "BC_DIM_MAX", _SC_BC_DIM_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX", _SC_BC_DIM_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "BC_DIM_MAX", _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX
+ { "BC_SCALE_MAX", _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX", _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "BC_SCALE_MAX", _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_BC_STRING_MAX
+ { "BC_STRING_MAX", _SC_BC_STRING_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX", _SC_BC_STRING_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "BC_STRING_MAX", _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX", _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+ { "CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX", _SC_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
+ { "COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX", _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX", _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX", _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX", _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX
+ { "EQUIV_CLASS_MAX", _SC_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "EQUIV_CLASS_MAX", _POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX
+ { "EXPR_NEST_MAX", _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX", _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "EXPR_NEST_MAX", _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX", _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LINE_MAX
+ { "LINE_MAX", _SC_LINE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX2_LINE_MAX", _SC_LINE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_LINE_MAX", _SC_LINE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "LINE_MAX", _POSIX2_LINE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "_POSIX2_LINE_MAX", _POSIX2_LINE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "POSIX2_LINE_MAX", _POSIX2_LINE_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_RE_DUP_MAX
+ { "POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX", _SC_RE_DUP_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "RE_DUP_MAX", _SC_RE_DUP_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#else
+ { "POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX", _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX, CONSTANT },
+ { "RE_DUP_MAX", _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX, CONSTANT },
+#endif
+ { "POSIX2_CHAR_TERM", _SC_2_CHAR_TERM, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_C_BIND", _SC_2_C_BIND, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_C_DEV", _SC_2_C_DEV, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_2_C_VERSION
+ { "POSIX2_C_VERSION", _SC_2_C_VERSION, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "POSIX2_FORT_DEV", _SC_2_FORT_DEV, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_FORT_RUN", _SC_2_FORT_RUN, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_LOCALEDEF", _SC_2_LOCALEDEF, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_SW_DEV", _SC_2_SW_DEV, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_UPE", _SC_2_UPE, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_VERSION", _SC_2_VERSION, SYSCONF },
+
+ { "PATH", _CS_PATH, CONFSTR },
+ { "CS_PATH", _CS_PATH, CONFSTR },
+
+ /* LFS */
+#ifdef _CS_LFS_CFLAGS
+ { "LFS_CFLAGS", _CS_LFS_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_LFS_LDFLAGS
+ { "LFS_LDFLAGS", _CS_LFS_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_LFS_LIBS
+ { "LFS_LIBS", _CS_LFS_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_LFS_LINTFLAGS
+ { "LFS_LINTFLAGS", _CS_LFS_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_LFS64_CFLAGS
+ { "LFS64_CFLAGS", _CS_LFS64_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_LFS64_LDFLAGS
+ { "LFS64_LDFLAGS", _CS_LFS64_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_LFS64_LIBS
+ { "LFS64_LIBS", _CS_LFS64_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _CS_LFS64_LINTFLAGS
+ { "LFS64_LINTFLAGS", _CS_LFS64_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+ /* Programming environments. */
+#ifdef _CS_V5_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS
+ { "_XBS5_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS", _CS_V5_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS, CONFSTR },
+ { "XBS5_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS", _CS_V5_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32
+ { "_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32", _SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG
+ { "_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG", _SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_XBS5_LP64_OFF64
+ { "_XBS5_LP64_OFF64", _SC_XBS5_LP64_OFF64, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS
+ { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS", _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG
+ { "_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG", _SC_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS
+ { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS", _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS
+ { "XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS", _CS_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32
+ { "_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32", _SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _CS_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS
+ { "_POSIX_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS", _CS_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS, CONFSTR },
+ { "POSIX_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS", _CS_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG
+ { "_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG", _SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V6_LP64_OFF64
+ { "_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64", _SC_V6_LP64_OFF64, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG
+ { "_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG", _SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V7_ILP32_OFF32
+ { "_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32", _SC_V7_ILP32_OFF32, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _CS_V7_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS
+ { "_POSIX_V7_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS", _CS_V7_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS, CONFSTR },
+ { "POSIX_V7_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS", _CS_V7_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG
+ { "_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG", _SC_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V7_LP64_OFF64
+ { "_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64", _SC_V7_LP64_OFF64, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG
+ { "_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG", _SC_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+#ifdef _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS
+ { "POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS", _CS_POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS, CONFSTR },
+#endif
+
+ { "_POSIX_ADVISORY_INFO", _SC_ADVISORY_INFO, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_BARRIERS
+ { "_POSIX_BARRIERS", _SC_BARRIERS, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_BASE
+ { "_POSIX_BASE", _SC_BASE, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT
+ { "_POSIX_C_LANG_SUPPORT", _SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT_R
+ { "_POSIX_C_LANG_SUPPORT_R", _SC_C_LANG_SUPPORT_R, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_CLOCK_SELECTION", _SC_CLOCK_SELECTION, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_CPUTIME", _SC_CPUTIME, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME", _SC_THREAD_CPUTIME, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC
+ { "_POSIX_DEVICE_SPECIFIC", _SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_R
+ { "_POSIX_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_R", _SC_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_R, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_FD_MGMT
+ { "_POSIX_FD_MGMT", _SC_FD_MGMT, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_FIFO
+ { "_POSIX_FIFO", _SC_FIFO, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PIPE
+ { "_POSIX_PIPE", _SC_PIPE, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
+ { "_POSIX_FILE_ATTRIBUTES", _SC_FILE_ATTRIBUTES, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_FILE_LOCKING", _SC_FILE_LOCKING, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_FILE_SYSTEM
+ { "_POSIX_FILE_SYSTEM", _SC_FILE_SYSTEM, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK", _SC_MONOTONIC_CLOCK, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_MULTI_PROCESS
+ { "_POSIX_MULTI_PROCESS", _SC_MULTI_PROCESS, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_SINGLE_PROCESS
+ { "_POSIX_SINGLE_PROCESS", _SC_SINGLE_PROCESS, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_NETWORKING
+ { "_POSIX_NETWORKING", _SC_NETWORKING, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS", _SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS", _SC_SPIN_LOCKS, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_REGEXP", _SC_REGEXP, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_REGEX_VERSION
+ { "_REGEX_VERSION", _SC_REGEX_VERSION, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_SHELL", _SC_SHELL, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_SIGNALS
+ { "_POSIX_SIGNALS", _SC_SIGNALS, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_SPAWN", _SC_SPAWN, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_SPORADIC_SERVER", _SC_SPORADIC_SERVER, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER", _SC_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE
+ { "_POSIX_SYSTEM_DATABASE", _SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE_R
+ { "_POSIX_SYSTEM_DATABASE_R", _SC_SYSTEM_DATABASE_R, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_TIMEOUTS", _SC_TIMEOUTS, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS", _SC_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_USER_GROUPS
+ { "_POSIX_USER_GROUPS", _SC_USER_GROUPS, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_USER_GROUPS_R
+ { "_POSIX_USER_GROUPS_R", _SC_USER_GROUPS_R, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "POSIX2_PBS", _SC_2_PBS, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_PBS_ACCOUNTING", _SC_2_PBS_ACCOUNTING, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_PBS_LOCATE", _SC_2_PBS_LOCATE, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_PBS_TRACK", _SC_2_PBS_TRACK, SYSCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_PBS_MESSAGE", _SC_2_PBS_MESSAGE, SYSCONF },
+ { "SYMLOOP_MAX", _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "STREAM_MAX", _SC_STREAM_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "AIO_LISTIO_MAX", _SC_AIO_LISTIO_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "AIO_MAX", _SC_AIO_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX", _SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "DELAYTIMER_MAX", _SC_DELAYTIMER_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "HOST_NAME_MAX", _SC_HOST_NAME_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "LOGIN_NAME_MAX", _SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "MQ_OPEN_MAX", _SC_MQ_OPEN_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "MQ_PRIO_MAX", _SC_MQ_PRIO_MAX, SYSCONF },
+#ifdef _SC_DEVICE_IO
+ { "_POSIX_DEVICE_IO", _SC_DEVICE_IO, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+ { "_POSIX_TRACE", _SC_TRACE, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER", _SC_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_TRACE_INHERIT", _SC_TRACE_INHERIT, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_TRACE_LOG", _SC_TRACE_LOG, SYSCONF },
+ { "RTSIG_MAX", _SC_RTSIG_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "SEM_NSEMS_MAX", _SC_SEM_NSEMS_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "SEM_VALUE_MAX", _SC_SEM_VALUE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "SIGQUEUE_MAX", _SC_SIGQUEUE_MAX, SYSCONF },
+ { "FILESIZEBITS", _PC_FILESIZEBITS, PATHCONF },
+ { "POSIX_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN", _PC_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN, PATHCONF },
+ { "POSIX_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE", _PC_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE, PATHCONF },
+ { "POSIX_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE", _PC_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE, PATHCONF },
+ { "POSIX_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE", _PC_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE, PATHCONF },
+ { "POSIX_REC_XFER_ALIGN", _PC_REC_XFER_ALIGN, PATHCONF },
+ { "SYMLINK_MAX", _PC_SYMLINK_MAX, PATHCONF },
+ { "POSIX2_SYMLINKS", _PC_2_SYMLINKS, PATHCONF },
+
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL1_ICACHE_SIZE
+ { "LEVEL1_ICACHE_SIZE", _SC_LEVEL1_ICACHE_SIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL1_ICACHE_ASSOC", _SC_LEVEL1_ICACHE_ASSOC, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL1_ICACHE_LINESIZE", _SC_LEVEL1_ICACHE_LINESIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL1_DCACHE_SIZE", _SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_SIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL1_DCACHE_ASSOC", _SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_ASSOC, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL1_DCACHE_LINESIZE", _SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_LINESIZE, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL2_CACHE_SIZE
+ { "LEVEL2_CACHE_SIZE", _SC_LEVEL2_CACHE_SIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL2_CACHE_ASSOC", _SC_LEVEL2_CACHE_ASSOC, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL2_CACHE_LINESIZE", _SC_LEVEL2_CACHE_LINESIZE, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL3_CACHE_SIZE
+ { "LEVEL3_CACHE_SIZE", _SC_LEVEL3_CACHE_SIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL3_CACHE_ASSOC", _SC_LEVEL3_CACHE_ASSOC, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL3_CACHE_LINESIZE", _SC_LEVEL3_CACHE_LINESIZE, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL4_CACHE_SIZE
+ { "LEVEL4_CACHE_SIZE", _SC_LEVEL4_CACHE_SIZE, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL4_CACHE_ASSOC", _SC_LEVEL4_CACHE_ASSOC, SYSCONF },
+ { "LEVEL4_CACHE_LINESIZE", _SC_LEVEL4_CACHE_LINESIZE, SYSCONF },
+#endif
+
+ { "IPV6", _SC_IPV6, SYSCONF },
+ { "RAW_SOCKETS", _SC_RAW_SOCKETS, SYSCONF },
+
+ { "_POSIX_IPV6", _SC_IPV6, SYSCONF },
+ { "_POSIX_RAW_SOCKETS", _SC_RAW_SOCKETS, SYSCONF },
+
+ { NULL, 0, SYSCONF }
+ };
+
+static int getconf_print (const struct conf *, const char *, int);
+static int getconf_all (void);
+static int getconf_one (WORD_LIST *);
+static int getconf_internal (const struct conf *, int);
+
+static int
+getconf_internal (const struct conf *c, int all)
+{
+ long l, val;
+ intmax_t v;
+ uintmax_t uv;
+ unsigned long ul;
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+ unsigned long long ull;
+ long long ll;
+#endif
+ int r;
+
+ val = c->call_name;
+ r = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ if (val == VAL_ULONG_MAX)
+ {
+ ul = ULONG_MAX;
+ printf ("%lu", ul);
+ }
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+ else if (val == VAL_ULLONG_MAX)
+ {
+ ull = ULLONG_MAX;
+ printf ("%llu", ull);
+ }
+ else if (val == VAL_LLONG_MIN || val == VAL_LLONG_MAX)
+ {
+ ll = (val == VAL_LLONG_MIN) ? LLONG_MIN : LLONG_MAX;
+ printf ("%lld", ll);
+ }
+#endif
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+ else if (val == VAL_SSIZE_MAX)
+ {
+ ll = SSIZE_MAX;
+ printf ("%lld", ll);
+ }
+ else if (val == VAL_SIZE_MAX)
+ {
+ ul = SIZE_MAX;
+ printf ("%lu", ul);
+ }
+#else
+ else if (val == VAL_SSIZE_MAX)
+ {
+ v = SSIZE_MAX;
+ printf ("%jd", v);
+ }
+ else if (val == VAL_SIZE_MAX)
+ {
+ uv = SIZE_MAX;
+ printf ("%ju", uv);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ printf ("%ld", val);
+
+ if (r == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ printf ("\n");
+
+ return (r);
+}
+
+static int
+getconf_all (void)
+{
+ const struct conf *c;
+ char *path;
+ int r;
+
+ r = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ for (c = vars; c->name != NULL; ++c)
+ {
+ printf("%-35s", c->name);
+ path = "/"; /* XXX for now */
+ if (getconf_print (c, path, 1) == EXECUTION_FAILURE)
+ r = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ }
+ return (r);
+}
+
+static int
+getconf_one (WORD_LIST *list)
+{
+ const struct conf *c;
+ char *vname, *vpath;
+
+ vname = list->word->word;
+ vpath = (list->next && list->next->word) ? list->next->word->word : 0;
+
+ for (c = vars; c->name != NULL; ++c)
+ {
+ if (strcmp (c->name, vname) == 0 || (strncmp (c->name, "_POSIX_", 7) == 0 &&
+ strcmp (c->name + 7, vname) == 0))
+ break;
+ }
+ if (c->name == NULL)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("%s: unknown variable", vname);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ if (c->call_name == PATHCONF && list->next == 0)
+ {
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ else if (c->call_name != PATHCONF && list->next)
+ {
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+
+ return (getconf_print (c, vpath, 0));
+}
+
+static int
+getconf_print (const struct conf *c, const char *vpath, int all)
+{
+ long value;
+ size_t clen;
+ char *cvalue;
+ int cn;
+
+ cn = c->call_name;
+ switch (c->call)
+ {
+ case PATHCONF:
+ errno = 0;
+ value = pathconf (vpath, cn);
+ if (value == -1L)
+ {
+ if (errno)
+ builtin_error ("pathconf %s: %s: %s", c->name, vpath, strerror (errno));
+ printf ("undefined\n");
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ else
+ printf ("%ld\n", value);
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+ case SYSCONF:
+ errno = 0;
+ value = sysconf (cn);
+ if (value == -1L)
+ {
+ if (errno)
+ builtin_error ("%s: %s", c->name, strerror (errno));
+ printf ("undefined\n");
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ else
+ printf ("%ld\n", value);
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+ case CONFSTR:
+ errno = 0;
+ clen = confstr (cn, (char *) NULL, 0);
+ cvalue = (char *) malloc (clen);
+ if (cvalue == NULL)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("memory allocation failure");
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ if (confstr (c->call_name, cvalue, clen) != clen)
+ {
+ if (errno != 0)
+ builtin_error ("%s: confstr: %s", c->name, strerror (errno));
+ printf ("undefined\n");
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ else
+ printf ("%.*s\n", (int) clen, cvalue);
+ free (cvalue);
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+ case CONSTANT:
+ return (getconf_internal (c, all));
+
+ case UNDEFINED:
+ builtin_error ("%s: undefined", c->name);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ /* NOTREACHED */
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+}
+
+int
+getconf_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
+{
+ const struct conf *c;
+ int r, opt, aflag, vflag;
+ char *varg;
+
+ aflag = vflag = 0;
+ varg = 0;
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "ahv:")) != -1)
+ {
+ switch (opt)
+ {
+ case 'a':
+ aflag = 1;
+ break;
+ CASE_HELPOPT;
+ case 'h':
+ builtin_help ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ case 'v':
+ return (EX_DISKFALLBACK);
+ default:
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ list = loptend;
+ if ((aflag == 0 && list == 0) || (aflag && list) || list_length(list) > 2)
+ {
+ builtin_usage();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+
+ r = aflag ? getconf_all () : getconf_one (list);
+ return r;
+}
+
+static char *getconf_doc[] = {
+ "Display values of system limits and options.",
+ "",
+ "getconf writes the current value of a configurable system limit or",
+ "option variable to the standard output.",
+ (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin getconf_struct = {
+ "getconf",
+ getconf_builtin,
+ BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+ getconf_doc,
+ "getconf -[ah] or getconf [-v spec] sysvar or getconf [-v spec] pathvar pathname",
+ 0
+};
--- /dev/null
+/* getconf.h -- replacement definitions for ones the system doesn't provide
+ and don't appear in <typemax.h> */
+
+#ifndef _GETCONF_H
+#define _GETCONF_H
+
+/* Some systems do not define these; use POSIX.2 minimum recommended values. */
+#ifndef _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX 2
+#endif
+
+/* If we're on a posix system, but the system doesn't define the necessary
+ constants, use posix.1 minimum values. */
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION)
+
+#ifndef _POSIX_ARG_MAX
+# define _POSIX_ARG_MAX 4096
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_CHILD_MAX
+# define _POSIX_CHILD_MAX 6
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_LINK_MAX
+# define _POSIX_LINK_MAX 8
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_MAX_CANON
+# define _POSIX_MAX_CANON 255
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_MAX_INPUT
+# define _POSIX_MAX_INPUT 255
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_NAME_MAX
+# define _POSIX_NAME_MAX 14
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX
+# define _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX 0
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_OPEN_MAX
+# define _POSIX_OPEN_MAX 16
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_PATH_MAX
+# define _POSIX_PATH_MAX 255
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_PIPE_BUF
+# define _POSIX_PIPE_BUF 512
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
+# define _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX 32767
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_STREAM_MAX
+# define _POSIX_STREAM_MAX 8
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX
+# define _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX 3
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX 99
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX 2048
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX 99
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX 1000
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_EQUIV_CLASS_MAX 2
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX 32
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_LINE_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_LINE_MAX 2048
+#endif
+#ifndef _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX
+# define _POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX 255
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */
+
+/* ANSI/ISO C, POSIX.1-200x, XPG 4.2, and C language type limits.
+ Defined only if the system include files and <typemax.h> don't. */
+
+#ifndef CHAR_MAX
+# define CHAR_MAX 127
+#endif
+#ifndef CHAR_MIN
+# define CHAR_MIN -128
+#endif
+#ifndef SCHAR_MAX
+# define SCHAR_MAX 127
+#endif
+#ifndef SCHAR_MIN
+# define SCHAR_MIN -128
+#endif
+
+#ifndef INT_BIT
+# define INT_BIT (sizeof (int) * CHAR_BIT)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LONG_BIT
+# define LONG_BIT (sizeof (long int) * CHAR_BIT)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef WORD_BIT
+# define WORD_BIT (sizeof (int) * CHAR_BIT)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (PRIdMAX)
+# if HAVE_LONG_LONG
+# define PRIdMAX "lld"
+# else
+# define PRIdMAX "ld"
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _GETCONF_H */
* sleep -- sleep for fractions of a second
*
* usage: sleep seconds[.fraction]
+ *
+ * as an extension, we support the GNU time interval format (2m20s)
*/
/*
- Copyright (C) 1999-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright (C) 1999-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#include <stdio.h>
#include "chartypes.h"
-#include "shell.h"
-#include "builtins.h"
-#include "common.h"
+#include "loadables.h"
+
+#define S_SEC 1
+#define S_MIN (60*S_SEC)
+#define S_HOUR (60*S_MIN)
+#define S_DAY (24*S_HOUR)
+
+static int
+parse_gnutimefmt (char *string, long *sp, long *up)
+{
+ int c, r;
+ char *s, *ep;
+ long tsec, tusec, accumsec, accumusec, t;
+ int mult;
+
+ tsec = tusec = 0;
+ accumsec = accumusec = 0;
+ mult = 1;
+
+ for (s = string; s && *s; s++) {
+ r = uconvert(s, &accumsec, &accumusec, &ep);
+ if (r == 0 && *ep == 0)
+ return r;
+ c = *ep;
+ mult = 1;
+ switch (c) {
+ case '\0':
+ case 's':
+ mult = S_SEC;
+ break;
+ case 'm':
+ mult = S_MIN;
+ break;
+ case 'h':
+ mult = S_HOUR;
+ break;
+ case 'd':
+ mult = S_DAY;
+ break;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* multiply the accumulated value by the multiplier */
+ t = accumusec * mult;
+ accumsec = accumsec * mult + t / 1000000;
+ accumusec = t % 1000000;
+
+ /* add to running total */
+ tsec += accumsec;
+ tusec += accumusec;
+ if (tusec >= 1000000) {
+ tsec++;
+ tusec -= 1000000;
+ }
+
+ /* reset and continue */
+ accumsec = accumusec = 0;
+ mult = 1;
+ if (c == 0)
+ break;
+ s = ep;
+ }
+
+ if (sp)
+ *sp = tsec;
+ if (up)
+ *up = tusec;
+
+ return 1;
+}
int
-sleep_builtin (list)
-WORD_LIST *list;
+sleep_builtin (WORD_LIST *list)
{
long sec, usec;
char *ep;
}
r = uconvert(list->word->word, &sec, &usec, &ep);
- /* Maybe postprocess conversion failures here based on EP */
+ /*
+ * Maybe postprocess conversion failures here based on EP
+ *
+ * A heuristic: if the conversion failed, but the argument appears to
+ * contain a GNU-like interval specifier (e.g. "1m30s"), try to parse
+ * it. If we can't, return the right exit code to tell
+ * execute_builtin to try and execute a disk command instead.
+ */
+ if (r == 0 && (strchr ("dhms", *ep) || strpbrk (list->word->word, "dhms")))
+ r = parse_gnutimefmt (list->word->word, &sec, &usec);
if (r) {
fsleep(sec, usec);
QUIT;
return(EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
}
- /*
- * A heuristic: if the conversion failed, but the argument appears to
- * contain a GNU-like interval specifier (e.g. "1m30s"), return the
- * right exit code to tell execute_builtin to try and execute a disk
- * command instead.
- */
- if (strpbrk (list->word->word, "dhms"))
- return(EX_DISKFALLBACK);
builtin_error("%s: bad sleep interval", list->word->word);
return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
}
"Suspend execution for specified period.",
""
"sleep suspends execution for a minimum of SECONDS[.FRACTION] seconds.",
+ "As an extension, sleep accepts GNU-style time intervals (e.g., 2m30s).",
(char *)NULL
};
r = run_debug_trap ();
/* In debugging mode, if the DEBUG trap returns a non-zero status, we
skip the command. */
-#if 0 /* TAG:bash-5.2 */
eflag = (shell_compatibility_level > 51) ? 0 : EXP_EXPANDED;
-#else
- eflag = 0;
-#endif
#if defined (DEBUGGER)
if (debugging_mode == 0 || r == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
if (exp)
{
-#if 0 /* TAG:bash-5.2 */
eflag = (shell_compatibility_level > 51) ? 0 : EXP_EXPANDED;
-#else
- eflag = 0;
-#endif
expresult = evalexp (exp, eflag, &expok);
line_number = save_line_number;
free (exp);
# define UINT_MAX ((unsigned int) ~(unsigned int)0)
#endif
+#ifndef SHRT_MAX
+# define SHRT_MAX TYPE_MAXIMUM(short)
+# define SHRT_MIN TYPE_MINIMUM(short)
+# define USHRT_MAX ((unsigned short) ~(unsigned short)0)
+#endif
+
#ifndef UCHAR_MAX
# define UCHAR_MAX 255
#endif
#endif
#ifndef SSIZE_MAX
-# define SSIZE_MAX 32767 /* POSIX minimum max */
+# define SSIZE_MAX INT_MAX
#endif
#ifndef SIZE_MAX
-# define SIZE_MAX 65535 /* POSIX minimum max */
+# define SIZE_MAX ((size_t) ~(size_t)0)
#endif
#ifndef sh_imaxabs
{
int eflag;
-#if 0 /* TAG:bash-5.2 */
eflag = (shell_compatibility_level > 51) ? 0 : EXP_EXPANDED;
-#else
- eflag = 0;
-#endif
l = evalexp (s, eflag, &expok);
if (expok == 0)
return (FALSE); /* should probably longjmp here */
/* Let's assume that this has already been expanded once. */
/* XXX - TAG:bash-5.2 fix with corresponding fix to execute_cmd.c:
execute_cond_node() that passes TEST_ARRAYEXP in FLAGS */
-
+
#if 0
/* TAG:bash-5.2 */
if (shell_compatibility_level > 51)
#endif
+ /* Allow associative arrays to use `test -v array[@]' to look for
+ a key named `@'. */
aflags |= AV_ATSTARKEYS;
t = array_value (arg, 0, aflags, &rtype, (arrayind_t *)0);
ret = t ? TRUE : FALSE;
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
