From: Chet Ramey Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2018 14:37:19 +0000 (-0400) Subject: commit bash-20180608 snapshot X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=12beeabf52074f1061d8c12f0a1b57a743510b17;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20180608 snapshot --- diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 3d35d2199..ae08d6559 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -15490,3 +15490,39 @@ bashhist.c - load_history: use HISTSIZE_DEFAULT (still defaults to "500") to set the initial value of $HISTSIZE. HISTSIZE_DEFAULT can be overridden in config-top.h + + 6/4 + --- +configure.ac + - make sure we link against an external readline library that's at + least version 8 + + 6/8 + --- +pcomplete.h + - INITIALWORD: internal compspec name for programmable completion on + the initial (usually the command) word + +bashline.c + - attempt_shell_completion: if we are in a command position and the + user has defined a compspec for INITIALWORD, use programmable + completion to complete command words. Original patch from + Luca Boccassi + +lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi,builtins/complete.def,doc/bash.1 + - make it clearer that -D takes precedence over -E when supplied as + options to `complete', not when they are applied during completion + +builtins/complete.def + - complete_builtin,compgen_builtin: add support for -I option + - print_one_completion,print_compopts: display -I when appropriate + +lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi,doc/bash.1 + - complete,compgen: document new -I option and its effect + + 6/10 + ---- +lib/readline/histfile.c + - read_history_range: don't apply the heuristic and try to append a + history line to an existing history entry if we don't have any + history entries. Bug and fix from Edward Huff diff --git a/bashline.c b/bashline.c index b46479513..bfde491a3 100644 --- a/bashline.c +++ b/bashline.c @@ -1426,6 +1426,7 @@ attempt_shell_completion (text, start, end) char **matches, *command_separator_chars; #if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION) int have_progcomps, was_assignment; + COMPSPEC *iw_compspec; #endif command_separator_chars = COMMAND_SEPARATORS; @@ -1510,7 +1511,9 @@ attempt_shell_completion (text, start, end) #if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION) /* Attempt programmable completion. */ have_progcomps = prog_completion_enabled && (progcomp_size () > 0); - if (matches == 0 && (in_command_position == 0 || text[0] == '\0') && + iw_compspec = progcomp_search (INITIALWORD); + if (matches == 0 && + (in_command_position == 0 || text[0] == '\0' || (in_command_position && iw_compspec)) && current_prompt_string == ps1_prompt) { int s, e, s1, e1, os, foundcs; @@ -1599,6 +1602,12 @@ attempt_shell_completion (text, start, end) } else foundcs = 0; + + /* If we have defined a compspec for the initial (command) word, call + it and process the results like any other programmable completion. */ + if (in_command_position && foundcs == 0 && iw_compspec) + prog_complete_matches = programmable_completions (INITIALWORD, text, s, e, &foundcs); + FREE (n); /* XXX - if we found a COMPSPEC for the command, just return whatever the programmable completion code returns, and disable the default diff --git a/braces.c b/braces.c index 315c62f1f..7f76c71aa 100644 --- a/braces.c +++ b/braces.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* braces.c -- code for doing word expansion in curly braces. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -778,7 +778,9 @@ array_concat (arr1, arr2) len1 = strvec_len (arr1); len2 = strvec_len (arr2); - result = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + (len1 * len2)) * sizeof (char *)); + result = (char **)malloc ((1 + (len1 * len2)) * sizeof (char *)); + if (result == 0) + return (result); len = 0; for (i = 0; i < len1; i++) diff --git a/builtins/complete.def b/builtins/complete.def index 3ca8c1fae..e87ecfb9e 100644 --- a/builtins/complete.def +++ b/builtins/complete.def @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ $PRODUCES complete.c $BUILTIN complete $DEPENDS_ON PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION $FUNCTION complete_builtin -$SHORT_DOC complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...] +$SHORT_DOC complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...] Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline. For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options @@ -38,10 +38,12 @@ Options: without any specific completion defined -E apply the completions and actions to "empty" commands -- completion attempted on a blank line + -I apply the completions and actions to the intial (usually the + command) word When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the -uppercase-letter options are listed above. The -D option takes -precedence over -E. +uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are supplied, +the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -I. Exit Status: Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs. @@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ struct _optflags { int rflag; int Dflag; int Eflag; + int Iflag; }; static int find_compact __P((char *)); @@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ build_actions (list, flagp, actp, optp) opt_given = 0; reset_internal_getopt (); - while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "abcdefgjko:prsuvA:G:W:P:S:X:F:C:DE")) != -1) + while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "abcdefgjko:prsuvA:G:W:P:S:X:F:C:DEI")) != -1) { opt_given = 1; switch (opt) @@ -307,6 +310,18 @@ build_actions (list, flagp, actp, optp) builtin_usage (); return (EX_USAGE); } + case 'I': + if (flagp) + { + flagp->Iflag = 1; + break; + } + else + { + sh_invalidopt ("-I"); + builtin_usage (); + return (EX_USAGE); + } case 'F': Farg = list_optarg; break; @@ -355,7 +370,8 @@ complete_builtin (list) return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS); } - opt_given = oflags.pflag = oflags.rflag = oflags.Dflag = oflags.Eflag = 0; + opt_given = oflags.pflag = oflags.rflag = 0; + oflags.Dflag = oflags.Eflag = oflags.Iflag = 0; acts = copts = (unsigned long)0L; Garg = Warg = Parg = Sarg = Xarg = Farg = Carg = (char *)NULL; @@ -370,8 +386,14 @@ complete_builtin (list) list = loptend; - wl = oflags.Dflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL) - : (oflags.Eflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL) : 0); + if (oflags.Dflag) + wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + else if (oflags.Eflag) + wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + else if (oflags.Iflag) + wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (INITIALWORD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + else + wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* -p overrides everything else */ if (oflags.pflag || (list == 0 && opt_given == 0)) @@ -564,10 +586,12 @@ print_one_completion (cmd, cs) /* simple arguments that don't require quoting */ PRINTARG (cs->funcname, "-F"); - if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD)) - printf ("-E\n"); - else if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD)) + if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD)) printf ("-D\n"); + else if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD)) + printf ("-E\n"); + else if (STREQ (cmd, INITIALWORD)) + printf ("-I\n"); else printf ("%s\n", cmd); @@ -608,10 +632,12 @@ print_compopts (cmd, cs, full) PRINTCOMPOPT (COPT_PLUSDIRS, "plusdirs"); } - if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD)) - printf ("-E\n"); - else if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD)) + if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD)) printf ("-D\n"); + else if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD)) + printf ("-E\n"); + else if (STREQ (cmd, INITIALWORD)) + printf ("-I\n"); else printf ("%s\n", cmd); } @@ -769,7 +795,7 @@ compgen_builtin (list) $BUILTIN compopt $DEPENDS_ON PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION $FUNCTION compopt_builtin -$SHORT_DOC compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...] +$SHORT_DOC compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...] Modify or display completion options. Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, @@ -780,6 +806,7 @@ Options: -o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME -D Change options for the "default" command completion -E Change options for the "empty" command completion + -I Change options for completion on the initial word Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option. @@ -800,7 +827,7 @@ int compopt_builtin (list) WORD_LIST *list; { - int opts_on, opts_off, *opts, opt, oind, ret, Dflag, Eflag; + int opts_on, opts_off, *opts, opt, oind, ret, Dflag, Eflag, Iflag; WORD_LIST *l, *wl; COMPSPEC *cs; @@ -808,7 +835,7 @@ compopt_builtin (list) ret = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; reset_internal_getopt (); - while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "+o:DE")) != -1) + while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "+o:DEI")) != -1) { opts = (list_opttype == '-') ? &opts_on : &opts_off; @@ -829,6 +856,9 @@ compopt_builtin (list) case 'E': Eflag = 1; break; + case 'I': + Iflag = 1; + break; CASE_HELPOPT; default: builtin_usage (); @@ -837,8 +867,14 @@ compopt_builtin (list) } list = loptend; - wl = Dflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL) - : (Eflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL) : 0); + if (Dflag) + wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + else if (Eflag) + wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + else if (Iflag) + wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (INITIALWORD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + else + wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; if (list == 0 && wl == 0) { diff --git a/configure b/configure index f0db2db73..091955084 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -5404,7 +5404,7 @@ fi case "$ac_cv_rl_version" in - 7*|8*|9*) ;; + 8*|9*) ;; *) opt_with_installed_readline=no { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash" >&5 $as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash" >&2;} diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index d0ccffb46..6df38e947 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ then RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION case "$ac_cv_rl_version" in - 7*|8*|9*) ;; + 8*|9*) ;; *) opt_with_installed_readline=no AC_MSG_WARN([installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash]) AC_MSG_WARN([using private bash version]) diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index bb2f7429a..883703d84 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -735,142 +735,147 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS is the first character of the value of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. - @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In + contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each + positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double + quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts + where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single + word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "$$@@" is equivalent to "$$11" - "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, - the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- - ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last - parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. - When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to + "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, + the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- + ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last + parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. + When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). ## Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. - ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- + ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- ground pipeline. - -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- - tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell + -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- + tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the --ii option). - $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it - expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- + $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it + expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- shell. - !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into - the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or + !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into + the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the bbgg builtin (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). - 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set + 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com- - mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started - with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after - the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is - set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument + mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started + with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after + the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is + set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument zero. - __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke - the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- - ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last - argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to - the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and + __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke + the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- + ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last + argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to + the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When check- - ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- + ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- rently being checked. SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess The following variables are set by the shell: - BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of + BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of bbaasshh. BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. BBAASSHHPPIIDD - Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This - differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells - that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to - BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- + Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This + differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells + that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to + BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. - Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, - unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. + Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, + unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. If BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC - An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in + An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack. The number - of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or - script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. - When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed + of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or + script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. + When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC. The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in - extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg - option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the + extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg + option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the shell has started to execute a script may result in inconsistent values. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV - An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- + An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- rent bbaasshh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last - subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter + subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe- - cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The - shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see - the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin + cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV. The + shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see + the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the shell has started to execute a script may result in inconsistent values. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 - When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell + When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or shell script (identical to $$00; see the description of special - parameter 0 above). Assignment to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 causes the value - assigned to also be assigned to $$00. If BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 is unset, it + parameter 0 above). Assignment to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 causes the value + assigned to also be assigned to $$00. If BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; - however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com- - mand names to be removed from the hash table. If BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com- + mand names to be removed from the hash table. If BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD - The command currently being executed or about to be executed, + The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, - in which case it is the command executing at the time of the + in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG The command argument to the --cc invocation option. BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO - An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. + An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source + files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}) where $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or - $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH - A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks - for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- + A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks + for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- mand. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH - An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary - operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index - 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular - expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the + An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary + operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index + 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular + expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. This vari- able is read-only. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames where - the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array - variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is - defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where + the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array + variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is + defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment - when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- + Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment + when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- tial value is 0. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information - for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array + for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). @@ -879,137 +884,137 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]] The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a_1). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]] The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN - Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of + Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bbaasshh. CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current + An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur- rent completion function. CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE - The current command line. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- + The current command line. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- mable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT - The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- - ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is + The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- + ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is - equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- + equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- mable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE - Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion - attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, - for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- - sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- - tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or - _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- + Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion + attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, + for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- + sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- + tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or + _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- mable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word - separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word + separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- - ual words in the current command line. The line is split into - words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- + ual words in the current command line. The line is split into + words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as described above. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file - descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess + CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file + descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see CCoopprroocceesssseess above). DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con- - tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack - in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning + tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack + in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo- - ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must + ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari- - able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number - of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)) as a floating + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)) as a floating point value with micro-second granularity. Assignments to - EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE is unset, it loses + EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number - of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)). Assignments to - EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)). Assignments to + EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". - This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. - Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. - Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in - BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For - instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file - $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For + instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- mation. - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect. - If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it + If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current - command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, + command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. MMAAPPFFIILLEE - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied. OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. - OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- - tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- + OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- + tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- dent. PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit - status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit + status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). - PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- + PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- only. PPWWDD The current working directory as set by the ccdd command. RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM. If RRAANNDDOOMM is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE The contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" @@ -1017,295 +1022,295 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. SSEECCOONNDDSS - Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds - since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to - SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the - number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. + Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds + since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to + SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the + number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If SSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. SSHHLLVVLL Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started. UUIIDD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. - The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh + The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT - The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See - the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN - CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the various compatibility levels - and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., - 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com- - patibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or set to the empty - string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the - current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a value that is not + The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See + the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN + CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the various compatibility levels + and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., + 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com- + patibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or set to the empty + string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the + current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an error - message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the - current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to - the compatibility options accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin + message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the + current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to + the compatibility options accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin described below (for example, ccoommppaatt4422 means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values). The current version is also a valid value. BBAASSHH__EENNVV - If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, - its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to + If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, + its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of BBAASSHH__EENNVV is - subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and - arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. + subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and + arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant filename. BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD - If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, - bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is - enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed - when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting - BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace - output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting + If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, + bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is + enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed + when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting + BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace + output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated - list of directories in which the shell looks for destination - directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + list of directories in which the shell looks for destination + directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is ".:~:/usr". CCHHIILLDD__MMAAXX - Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to - remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below - a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- - rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is + Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to + remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below + a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- + rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is system-dependent. CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal + width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions - generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- - pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each + generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- + pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each array element contains one possible completion. - EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell - starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in + EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX - mode. + EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in _p_o_s_i_x + _m_o_d_e. EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) - defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search - using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- - terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of + A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) + defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search + using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- + terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of completion and command execution via PPAATTHH lookup. This does not affect the behavior of the [[, tteesstt, and [[[[ commands. Full path- - names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. - Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the - executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern + names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. + Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the + executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT - If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum - function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file - names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name - matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the + A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file + names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name + matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, the command history is not saved when a shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of - lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also - truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If - the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. - Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit - truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of + lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also + truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If + the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. + Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit + truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the - history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern + history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see - HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every - command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). - The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any + command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). + The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. LLCC__TTIIMMEE - This variable determines the locale category used for data and + This variable determines the locale category used for data and time formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the - MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the - arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the + MMAAIILLPPAATTHH variable is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the + arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc- tory. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK - Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The - default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the - shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this - variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number + Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The + default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the + shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this + variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. MMAAIILLPPAATTHH A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may - be specified by separating the filename from the message with a - `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the + be specified by separating the filename from the message with a + `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari- - able (there is no value by default), but the location of the + BBaasshh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari- + able (there is no value by default), but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is ``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''. PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and + PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is executed. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of the expanded value of + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of the expanded value of PPSS44 is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate mul- tiple levels of indirection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1313,77 +1318,77 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting - for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not + for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref- erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly - declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1391,141 +1396,141 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _s_t_r_i_n_g. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and - subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index - of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index + of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax - introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- - scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative - to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax + introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- + scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative + to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of - an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- - preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, - so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of + an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- + preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, + so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is legal, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and - associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are inter- - preted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array - variable does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and + associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are inter- + preted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array + variable does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- - mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax - described above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If + When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- + mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax + described above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If pathname expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative - array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative + array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. - After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the - original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the + original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (_q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l). - Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can - increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand - a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the - expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}", and, in most cases, $$** and + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can + increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand + a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the + expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}", and, in most cases, $$** and $${{_n_a_m_e[[**]]}} as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each - character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the - default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the + default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing }}. @@ -1536,36 +1541,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1573,138 +1578,138 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not - escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of variable indirec- - tion. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of variable indirec- + tion. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The - value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command sub- - stitution, and arithmetic expansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this - expands to the name of the variable referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The + value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command sub- + stitution, and arithmetic expansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this + expands to the name of the variable referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are - the expansions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The - exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to + the expansions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The + exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented - below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is + When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented + below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special + _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, an indexed array subscripted by @@ or **, - or an associative array name, the results differ as described - below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the + or an associative array name, the results differ as described + below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t - and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are + and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is - used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it - is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the - expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. - Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by - at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it + is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the + expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. + Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by + at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- sion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of - -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- + greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of + -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- sion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the - result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with - ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to - one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It - is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than + result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with + ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to + one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It + is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. - Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces + Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined results. - Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- - ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by - default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are + Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- + ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by + default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value - substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- - tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that - number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- - mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the - end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value + substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- + tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that + number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- + mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the + end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- ment. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} @@ -1712,15 +1717,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of - the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the - expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern - (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' - case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal - operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and - the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array - variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation - is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expan- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of + the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the + expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern + (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' + case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal + operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and + the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array + variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation + is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expan- sion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} @@ -1728,87 +1733,87 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r using the rules described under PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion - of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the - expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion + of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion, _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. The match is performed using the rules described under - PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches - of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first - match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at - the beginning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + tern just as in pathname expansion, _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. The match is performed using the rules described under + PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches + of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first + match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at + the beginning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted - and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard - to the case of alphabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted + and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh + shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard + to the case of alphabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitu- - tion operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, + tion operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ - operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ + operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- case; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low- ercase. The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character - in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert - only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is - omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is - applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- + in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert + only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is + omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is + applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- scripted with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r@@_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r} PPaarraammeetteerr ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn. The expansion is either a transforma- - tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a + tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the + EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $$''......'' quoting mechanism. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment - statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. - aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- + aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and + The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1822,120 +1827,120 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in a subshell environ- ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are - not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- - mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but + not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- + mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the - arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be + mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the + arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred - to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The - process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred + to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The + process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com- - mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, - writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form - is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the + mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, + writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form + is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup- port named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as - field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly - <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, - and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous - expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the - beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other - than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, - ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as - long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- - space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly + <><><>, the default, then sequences of <>, <>, + and <> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous + expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the + beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other + than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, + ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as + long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- + space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A - sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. + sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame- - ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument - results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. - When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion - is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' + ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument + results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. + When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion + is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the - shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If - the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is - removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the + shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If + the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is + removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If - the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without - regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used - for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or - immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the - shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' must - always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. In other cases, - the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. When matching a path- - name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash - in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a - special pattern character as described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. - See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a - description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell + the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without + regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used + for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or + immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the + shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' must + always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. In other cases, + the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. When matching a path- + name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash + in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a + special pattern character as described below under PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg. + See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a + description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed - from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- - ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the match- + ing against the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGG-- - NNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null + NNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other - filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior - of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the + filenames beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior + of ignoring filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. @@ -1943,57 +1948,57 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more - directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- - ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating - sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- - ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- - acters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpreta- - tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to - [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or - enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be + tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to + [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or + enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current + the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -2009,71 +2014,71 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN !!((_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t)) Matches anything except one of the given patterns - Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, - especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings con- + Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, + especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings con- tain multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, - or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be + or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster. QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines - the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirect- - ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + the file descriptor to close. If {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e} is supplied, the redirect- + ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro- grammer to manage the file descriptor himself. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; - otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described + otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described below. //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -2083,22 +2088,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding TCP socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open the corresponding UDP socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -2106,27 +2111,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -2134,11 +2139,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>>>_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -2150,13 +2155,13 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 - When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If - it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee + When using the second form, _w_o_r_d may not expand to a number or --. If + it does, other redirection operators apply (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below) for compatibility reasons. AAppppeennddiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and - the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the + This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and + the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d. The format for appending standard output and standard error is: @@ -2170,10 +2175,10 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN (see DDuupplliiccaattiinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss below). HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line containing only _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used - as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + as the standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified) for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -2182,18 +2187,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of - _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, - and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is - unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter - expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- - ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the + No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic + expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any part of + _w_o_r_d is quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, + and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is + unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter + expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac- + ter sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -2201,9 +2206,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<<<<<_w_o_r_d - The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, - command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- - name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is + The _w_o_r_d undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, + command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path- + name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on its standard input (or file descriptor _n if _n is specified). @@ -2213,22 +2218,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is - closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand - to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evaluates to --, file descriptor _n is + closed. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand + to one or more digits or --, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. MMoovviinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss @@ -2236,7 +2241,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -2244,7 +2249,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -2252,145 +2257,145 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- - mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- - able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put - alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail- + able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put + alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in compound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 00 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- tion while the function is executing. - All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical - between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and - RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been - given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin - below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett - builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN - traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell option has been enabled. - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the - function and its caller. If a variable is declared llooccaall, the vari- - able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children + function and its caller. If a variable is declared llooccaall, the vari- + able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children (including the functions it calls). Local variables "shadow" variables - with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local - variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same - name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving - the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global + with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local + variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same + name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving + the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global variable is once again visible. - The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility - within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their - values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- - cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a - function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether - that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is - also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the + The shell uses _d_y_n_a_m_i_c _s_c_o_p_i_n_g to control a variable's visibility + within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their + values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe- + cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a + function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether + that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is + also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the value that is restored when the function returns. - For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, - and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from + For example, if a variable _v_a_r is declared as local in function _f_u_n_c_1, + and _f_u_n_c_1 calls another function _f_u_n_c_2, references to _v_a_r made from within _f_u_n_c_2 will resolve to the local variable _v_a_r from _f_u_n_c_1, shadow- ing any global variable named _v_a_r. The uunnsseett builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable is local to the current scope, uunnsseett will unset it; otherwise the unset - will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described - above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will - remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function - returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a + will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described + above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will + remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function + returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at - a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had + a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been shadowed will become visible. - The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, - defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that + The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, + defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Functions may be recursive. The FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT variable may be used to limit - the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- - tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of + the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func- + tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands, the (((( com- pound command, and AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed- - width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is - trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, - associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- - lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence + width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is + trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence, + associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol- + lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -2418,49 +2423,49 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 - representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If - _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits - greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where the optional _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 + representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If + _b_a_s_e_# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _n, the digits + greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, - lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- + lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre- sent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially - when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which - bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth- - erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e - argument to one of the primaries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file - descriptor _n is checked. If the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries - is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially + when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which + bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth- + erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e + argument to one of the primaries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file + descriptor _n is checked. If the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries + is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself. - When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using + When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering. --aa _f_i_l_e @@ -2499,30 +2504,30 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --LL _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. --OO _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id. --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a value). --RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e - True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- + True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer- ence. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2532,8 +2537,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt - command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, + True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt + command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command, this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm-- mmaannddss). @@ -2547,109 +2552,109 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive - or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and - _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + or negative integers. When used with the [[[[ command, _A_r_g_1 and + _A_r_g_2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - in a separate execution environment with the original command and the - original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit - status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is + in a separate execution environment with the original command and the + original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit + status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta- tus of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2657,251 +2662,251 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ- ment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins - return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally invalid options or missing arguments. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. - When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, - and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes - state. The --ff option will force wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process + When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the wwaaiitt builtin, + and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt will return when the job changes + state. The --ff option will force wwaaiitt to wait until the job or process terminates before returning. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it - reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as - described above before tracing each command when the --xx option is - enabled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by insert- - ing a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it + reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh displays PPSS44 as + described above before tracing each command when the --xx option is + enabled. BBaasshh allows these prompt strings to be customized by insert- + ing a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2911,7 +2916,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2920,8 +2925,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated - with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari- able) \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2930,66 +2935,66 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -2997,18 +3002,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -3020,15 +3025,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -3036,7 +3041,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -3047,7 +3052,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3057,20 +3062,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -3080,77 +3085,77 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. bblliinnkk--mmaattcchhiinngg--ppaarreenn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted. ccoolloorreedd--ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the + If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ- - ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of + ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoolloorreedd--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- - ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- - tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment + If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif- + ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini- + tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--ddiissppllaayy--wwiiddtthh ((--11)) - The number of screen columns used to display possible matches - when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less - than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 - will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default + The number of screen columns used to display possible matches + when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less + than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0 + will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default value is -1. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--mmaapp--ccaassee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline - treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- + If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline + treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per- forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is - asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are + asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the - _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to _O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters. ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support + When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener- ated from the keyboard. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) @@ -3158,208 +3163,208 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or vvii. eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@)) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a - key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes - and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 - escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, - which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes + and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2 + escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, + which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string. eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way + When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char- - acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- - vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- + acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre- + vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com- mands. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn)) - When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier - key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many + When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier + key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((uunnsseett)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history - list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero, - the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the - number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a + the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the + number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE + shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name - mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, - but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit + mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f, + but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit characters. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000)) - Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when - reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete + Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when + reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional - input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is - received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but - complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, - so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for - additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than - or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait - until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to + input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is + received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but + complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds, + so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for + additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than + or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait + until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to complete. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the + If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through the list. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. The default is _O_f_f, but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit characters. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- - cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. + If set to OOnn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi- + cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion. The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_o_d_e_-_s_t_r_i_n_g). sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when - inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when - performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, - readline does not insert characters from the completion that - match characters after point in the word being completed, so + If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when + inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when + performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, + readline does not insert characters from the completion that + match characters after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated. vvii--ccmmdd--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((ccmmdd)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt - when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value + when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vvii--iinnss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((iinnss)))) - If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is + If the _s_h_o_w_-_m_o_d_e_-_i_n_-_p_r_o_m_p_t variable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and - control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. - Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- - printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- + control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available. + Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non- + printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con- trol sequence into the mode string. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator, - extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no + extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for - instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for + instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against both the full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. vveerrssiioonn - The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons - against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands - to the current readline version. The set of comparison - operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. - The version number supplied on the right side of the - operator consists of a major version number, an optional + The vveerrssiioonn test may be used to perform comparisons + against specific readline versions. The vveerrssiioonn expands + to the current readline version. The set of comparison + operators includes ==, (and ====), !!==, <<==, >>==, <<, and >>. + The version number supplied on the right side of the + operator consists of a major version number, an optional decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 77..11). - If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. + If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 00. The operator may be separated from the string vveerrssiioonn and from the version number argument by whitespace. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- specific settings. Each program using the readline - library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in bbaasshh: $$iiff Bash @@ -3369,12 +3374,12 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e The _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e construct provides simple equality tests for - readline variables and values. The permitted comparison - operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be + readline variables and values. The permitted comparison + operators are _=, _=_=, and _!_=. The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the - operator may be separated from the value on the right - hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- - ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested + operator may be separated from the value on the right + hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari- + ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested against the values _o_n and _o_f_f. $$eennddiiff This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $$iiff @@ -3384,51 +3389,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -3444,29 +3449,29 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. pprreevviioouuss--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the - previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired - effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than - one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired + effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than + one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. nneexxtt--ssccrreeeenn--lliinnee - Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the + Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect - if the current Readline line does not take up more than one - physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is + if the current Readline line does not take up more than one + physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the - screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -3474,70 +3479,70 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the current cursor + between the start of the current line and the current cursor position (the _p_o_i_n_t). The search string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--ssuubbssttrriinngg--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters + Search forward through the history for the string of characters between the start of the current line and the point. The search - string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non- + string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non- incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or - the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or + the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive - calls determines the direction to move through the history. A - negative argument switches the direction through the history + calls determines the direction to move through the history. A + negative argument switches the direction through the history (back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. @@ -3546,80 +3551,80 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. A - numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. A + numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to use instead of the current line. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xx CC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the - result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt _e_n_d_-_o_f_-_f_i_l_e ((uussuuaallllyy CC--dd)) - The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by - ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- - ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, + The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by + ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac- + ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns EEOOFF. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the same character as the tty EEOOFF character, as CC--dd commonly is, see above for the effects. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) - Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3628,31 +3633,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -3661,65 +3666,65 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- - lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the - numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, - if this command is immediately followed by a character that is - neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, + if this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n - moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative - argument may be used to move backward through the list. This - command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by + moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd - Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list - of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a + Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list + of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a negative argument. This command is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3728,67 +3733,67 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. pprriinntt--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo (()) - Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for + Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--lloowweerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--AA,, MM--BB,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The behavior is undefined if _x is already lowercase. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) @@ -3796,196 +3801,196 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee - Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as - those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin + Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as + those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this - sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will - have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, - instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. + sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will + have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command, + instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program- mable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the - empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), - any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a - compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to + First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the + empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), + any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a + compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command - word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched - for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt - is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined + word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched + for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt + is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. + If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are - being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, - and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are + being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, + and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com- pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com- pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- - ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- betic characters. Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. - There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is - most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- - fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as - completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by - returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and + There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is + most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci- + fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as + completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by + returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is - being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is + being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an - attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of - completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather + attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of + completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once. - For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept - in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following + For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept + in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following default completion function would load completions dynamically: _completion_loader() @@ -3996,162 +4001,162 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- - SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value - less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history - file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE-- + SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value + less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history + file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol- lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol- lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend- - ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with - history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the - history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled - (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the - lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is + ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with + history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the + history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled + (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the + lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is - unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable - is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the - history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- - sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- + unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable + is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the + history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses- + sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time- stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT-- - FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric + FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into account. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which - line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is - to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. - The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of - that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- - able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words - in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- + line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is + to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. + The line selected from the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of + that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are avail- + able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words + in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_- _t_e_r-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His- - tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- - sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single - quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history - expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre- + tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan- + sion character, which is !! by default. Only backslash (\\) and single + quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history + expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre- cedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and - rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately - passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded + rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately + passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee - is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed - history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer - for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be - used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss + is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed + history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer + for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be + used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of - the history list without actually executing them, so that they are + the history list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- - tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n. !!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. !!_s_t_r_i_n_g - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position - in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be + Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position + in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing - _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' + Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing + _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word. _n The _nth word. ^^ The first argument. That is, word 1. - $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will + $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head. @@ -4160,80 +4165,80 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt/[[ builtins do not accept options - and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- - ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning - with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but - are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning - with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- + and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn-- + ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning + with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but + are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning + with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta- tion. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s and performing any specified redirections. The return status is zero. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- - cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, - filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, + filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is - enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any - DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to - ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If - --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is + enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any + DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to + ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If + --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose - _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX] @@ -4242,29 +4247,29 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e - is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e + is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- _d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -4276,125 +4281,130 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the - associated commands in a format that can be reused as + --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the + associated commands in a format that can be reused as input. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, - the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied, + the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi- tional arguments following _d_i_r are ignored. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH - defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative - directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null - directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, + defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative + directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null + directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not - used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory - structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and + used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory + structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links - to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances + to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is processed by removing - the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a - slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied - with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- - fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will - return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the - --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a - file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD + the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a + slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied + with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success- + fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will + return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the + --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a + file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc- - tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, + tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of - the new working directory is written to the standard output. - The return value is true if the directory was successfully + the new working directory is written to the standard output. + The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or filename + option causes a single word indicating the command or filename used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program- mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple- - tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, + tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] - ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEEII] [_n_a_m_e ...] + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion - attempted on a blank line. + remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' + command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command + for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE + option indicates that the remaining options and actions should + apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion + attempted on a blank line. The --II option indicates that the + remaining options and actions should apply to completion on the + inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a command + delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name comple- + tion. If multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes + precedence over --EE, and both take precedence of --II. The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- @@ -4522,7 +4532,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. - ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] + ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion @@ -4533,7 +4543,11 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; - that is, completion attempted on a blank line. + that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option + indicates that the remaining options should apply to completion + on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- + mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name + completion. The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no @@ -5244,7 +5258,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. The output is sorted according to the current locale. When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- @@ -5530,7 +5544,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match (an even num- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are @@ -5933,7 +5947,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; - and, when in Posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- + and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. @@ -6116,4 +6130,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.0 2018 March 15 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.0 2018 June 8 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1 index 7909a4d1f..362ea71f8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.1 +++ b/doc/bash.1 @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Sat May 19 21:48:08 EDT 2018 +.\" Last Change: Fri Jun 8 16:15:23 EDT 2018 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2018 May 19" "GNU Bash 5.0" +.TH BASH 1 "2018 June 8" "GNU Bash 5.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -7647,12 +7647,12 @@ will be displayed. The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. .TP -\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] +\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] .br [\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP] .PD 0 .TP -\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] +\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] .PD Specify how arguments to each \fIname\fP should be completed. If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, @@ -7667,6 +7667,12 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The \fB\-I\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after +a command delimiter such as \fB;\fP or \fB|\fP, which is usually command +name completion. +If multiple options are supplied, the \fB\-D\fP option takes precedence +over \fB\-E\fP, and both take precedence of \fB\-I\fP. .sp 1 The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under \fBProgrammable Completion\fP. @@ -7862,7 +7868,7 @@ a \fIname\fP for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. .RE .TP -\fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP] +\fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP] Modify completion options for each \fIname\fP according to the \fIoption\fPs, or for the currently-executing completion if no \fIname\fPs are supplied. @@ -7876,6 +7882,10 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The \fB\-I\fP option indicates that the remaining options should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, +or after a command delimiter such as \fB;\fP or \fB|\fP, which is usually +command name completion. .sp 1 The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a \fIname\fP for which no completion diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 54b42fec7..668b0a3fc 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2018 March 15BASH(1) +BASH(1)2018 June 8BASH(1)

Index @@ -1738,7 +1738,14 @@ is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
@
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the +Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. +In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each +positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double +quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. +In contexts where word splitting is not performed, +this expands to a single word +with each positional parameter separated by a space. +When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "$@" is equivalent to "$1" "$2" ... @@ -2634,7 +2641,7 @@ Similar to BASH_ENV; -used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. +used when the shell is invoked in posix mode.
EXECIGNORE
@@ -6125,7 +6132,7 @@ cannot affect the shell's execution environment.

Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of -the -e option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, +the -e option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, bash clears the -e option in such subshells.

@@ -9745,12 +9752,12 @@ will be displayed.

The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. -

complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o comp-option] [-DE] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command]
+
complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o comp-option] [-DEI] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command]

[-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] name [name ...] -
complete -pr [-DE] [name ...]
+
complete -pr [-DEI] [name ...]
Specify how arguments to each name should be completed. If the -p option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, @@ -9765,6 +9772,12 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The -E option indicates that the remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The -I option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after +a command delimiter such as ; or |, which is usually command +name completion. +If multiple options are supplied, the -D option takes precedence +over -E, and both take precedence of -I.

The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under Programmable Completion. @@ -9995,7 +10008,7 @@ a name for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. -

compopt [-o option] [-DE] [+o option] [name]
+
compopt [-o option] [-DEI] [+o option] [name]
Modify completion options for each name according to the options, or for the currently-executing completion if no names are supplied. @@ -10009,6 +10022,10 @@ on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The -E option indicates that the remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The -I option indicates that the remaining options should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, +or after a command delimiter such as ; or |, which is usually +command name completion.

The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a name for which no completion @@ -11727,7 +11744,7 @@ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot be reset. -In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. +In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The output is sorted according to the current locale. When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated @@ -12444,7 +12461,7 @@ interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. If set, bash, -when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match (an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1. @@ -13426,7 +13443,7 @@ and -u, which are unscaled values; -and, when in Posix mode, +and, when in posix mode, -c and @@ -13852,7 +13869,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.

-
GNU Bash 5.02018 March 15BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.02018 June 8BASH(1)
@@ -13958,6 +13975,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 19 March 2018 09:43:32 EDT +Time: 08 June 2018 16:16:11 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 9a4edb080..8aca1f816 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). +Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018). - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018). The Bash home page is . - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -768,7 +768,9 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Prev: 'case' The syntax of the 'case' command is: - case WORD in [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... esac + case WORD in + [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... + esac 'case' will selectively execute the COMMAND-LIST corresponding to the first PATTERN that matches WORD. The match is performed @@ -883,8 +885,8 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Prev: 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value is 0 if the string matches ('==') or does not match - ('!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be - quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. + ('!=') the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may + be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. An additional binary operator, '=~', is available, with the same precedence as '==' and '!='. When it is used, the string to the @@ -1103,7 +1105,8 @@ read from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line): done < file | process-output with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: - cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output + cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | + process-output Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming: @@ -1118,10 +1121,18 @@ take arguments from the command line; the above can also be written as If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in the output. For instance, the following command - { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute + { + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; + } | parallel traceroute will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Adding the '-k' option - { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute + { + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; + } | parallel -k traceroute will ensure that the output of 'traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed first. @@ -1406,15 +1417,21 @@ only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. '@' - ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When - the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands - to a separate word. That is, '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" - ...'. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part - of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is - joined with the last part of the original word. When there are no - positional parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., - they are removed). + ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In + contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each + positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double + quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts + where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single + word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When the + expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is + performed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, + '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" ...'. If the double-quoted + expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first + parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, + and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last + part of the original word. When there are no positional + parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., they are + removed). '#' ($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. @@ -3662,8 +3679,8 @@ standard. Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent. 'mapfile' - mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] - [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] + mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] + [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied. @@ -3846,8 +3863,8 @@ standard. Read input from file descriptor FD. 'readarray' - readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] - [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] + readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] + [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied. @@ -5228,7 +5245,7 @@ Variables::). as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of consecutive 'EOF' characters that can be read as the first character on an input line before the shell will exit. If the - variable exists but does not have a numeric value (or has no value) + variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then 'EOF' signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. @@ -5484,9 +5501,12 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Invoking Bash, Next: Bash Startup Files, Up: Bash Feat 6.1 Invoking Bash ================= - bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] - bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...] - bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] All of the single-character options used with the 'set' builtin (*note The Set Builtin::) can be used as options when the shell is @@ -5832,8 +5852,8 @@ several ways. 9. In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores 'SIGTERM' (*note Signals::). - 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled - ((*note Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins. + 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled (*note + Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins. 11. An interactive login shell sends a 'SIGHUP' to all jobs on exit if the 'huponexit' shell option has been enabled (*note Signals::). @@ -6453,7 +6473,8 @@ of commands executed during the current shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject -to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note Bash Builtins::). +to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note The Shopt +Builtin::).  File: bash.info, Node: The Restricted Shell, Next: Bash POSIX Mode, Prev: Controlling the Prompt, Up: Bash Features @@ -7374,7 +7395,7 @@ Variable Settings If set to 'on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled, Readline treats hyphens ('-') and underscores ('_') as equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching - and completion. + and completion. The default value is 'off'. 'completion-prefix-display-length' The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of @@ -7650,7 +7671,7 @@ Key Bindings Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, 'C-u' is bound to the function + In the example above, 'C-u' is bound to the function 'universal-argument', 'M-DEL' is bound to the function 'backward-kill-word', and 'C-o' is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text @@ -8141,7 +8162,7 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: C assigned by default. It allows Readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. The characters are inserted as if each one - was bound to 'self-insert') instead of executing any editing + was bound to 'self-insert' instead of executing any editing commands. 'transpose-chars (C-t)' @@ -8737,10 +8758,10 @@ happening. no matches were generated. 'complete' - complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DE] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] [-W WORDLIST] - [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT] + complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DEI] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] + [-W WORDLIST] [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT] [-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] NAME [NAME ...] - complete -pr [-DE] [NAME ...] + complete -pr [-DEI] [NAME ...] Specify how arguments to each NAME should be completed. If the '-p' option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing @@ -8753,10 +8774,16 @@ happening. completion has previously been defined. The '-E' option indicates that the remaining options and actions should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. + The '-I' option indicates that the remaining options and actions + should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the + line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is + usually command name completion. If multiple options are supplied, + the '-D' option takes precedence over '-E', and both take + precedence over '-I'. The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above (*note Programmable - Completion::). The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'. + Completion::). Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The arguments to the '-G', '-W', and '-X' options (and, if necessary, @@ -8783,7 +8810,7 @@ happening. 'filenames' Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any filename-specific processing (like - adding a slash to directory names quoting special + adding a slash to directory names, quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces). This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified with '-F'. @@ -8936,7 +8963,7 @@ happening. completion specification. 'compopt' - compopt [-o OPTION] [-DE] [+o OPTION] [NAME] + compopt [-o OPTION] [-DEI] [+o OPTION] [NAME] Modify completion options for each NAME according to the OPTIONs, or for the currently-executing completion if no NAMEs are supplied. If no OPTIONs are given, display the completion options for each @@ -8947,9 +8974,13 @@ happening. command for which no completion has previously been defined. The '-E' option indicates that the remaining options should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a - blank line. + blank line. The '-I' option indicates that the remaining options + should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the + line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is + usually command name completion. - The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'. + If multiple options are supplied, the '-D' option takes precedence + over '-E', and both take precedence over '-I' The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a NAME for which no @@ -8993,7 +9024,7 @@ retrieves the completions from there when the function returns. local cur _skipdot _cdpath local i j k - # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname + # Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname case "$2" in \~*) eval cur="$2" ;; *) cur=$2 ;; @@ -9760,8 +9791,8 @@ and linked, rather than changing run-time features. '--enable-largefile' Enable support for large files - (http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html) if - the operating system requires special compiler options to build + (http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html) if the + operating system requires special compiler options to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default, if the operating system provides large file support. @@ -10881,7 +10912,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * complete: Programmable Completion Builtins. (line 30) * compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins. - (line 229) + (line 235) * continue: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 85) * declare: Bash Builtins. (line 148) @@ -10966,9 +10997,9 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words * !: Pipelines. (line 9) * [[: Conditional Constructs. - (line 122) + (line 124) * ]]: Conditional Constructs. - (line 122) + (line 124) * {: Command Grouping. (line 21) * }: Command Grouping. (line 21) * case: Conditional Constructs. @@ -10990,7 +11021,7 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words * in: Conditional Constructs. (line 28) * select: Conditional Constructs. - (line 80) + (line 82) * then: Conditional Constructs. (line 7) * time: Pipelines. (line 9) @@ -11006,24 +11037,24 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index [index] * Menu: -* !: Special Parameters. (line 50) -* #: Special Parameters. (line 33) -* $: Special Parameters. (line 45) -* $!: Special Parameters. (line 51) -* $#: Special Parameters. (line 34) -* $$: Special Parameters. (line 46) +* !: Special Parameters. (line 56) +* #: Special Parameters. (line 39) +* $: Special Parameters. (line 51) +* $!: Special Parameters. (line 57) +* $#: Special Parameters. (line 40) +* $$: Special Parameters. (line 52) * $*: Special Parameters. (line 10) -* $-: Special Parameters. (line 41) -* $0: Special Parameters. (line 56) -* $?: Special Parameters. (line 37) +* $-: Special Parameters. (line 47) +* $0: Special Parameters. (line 62) +* $?: Special Parameters. (line 43) * $@: Special Parameters. (line 23) -* $_: Special Parameters. (line 65) +* $_: Special Parameters. (line 71) * *: Special Parameters. (line 9) -* -: Special Parameters. (line 40) -* 0: Special Parameters. (line 55) -* ?: Special Parameters. (line 36) +* -: Special Parameters. (line 46) +* 0: Special Parameters. (line 61) +* ?: Special Parameters. (line 42) * @: Special Parameters. (line 22) -* _: Special Parameters. (line 64) +* _: Special Parameters. (line 70) * auto_resume: Job Control Variables. (line 6) * BASH: Bash Variables. (line 13) @@ -11512,7 +11543,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index * installation: Basic Installation. (line 6) * interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. (line 6) -* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128) +* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 131) * interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6) * internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6) * job: Definitions. (line 38) @@ -11523,7 +11554,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index * killing text: Readline Killing Commands. (line 6) * localization: Locale Translation. (line 6) -* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 125) +* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128) * matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6) * metacharacter: Definitions. (line 46) * name: Definitions. (line 51) @@ -11584,134 +11615,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top891 -Node: Introduction2805 -Node: What is Bash?3021 -Node: What is a shell?4135 -Node: Definitions6673 -Node: Basic Shell Features9624 -Node: Shell Syntax10843 -Node: Shell Operation11869 -Node: Quoting13162 -Node: Escape Character14462 -Node: Single Quotes14947 -Node: Double Quotes15295 -Node: ANSI-C Quoting16573 -Node: Locale Translation17832 -Node: Comments18728 -Node: Shell Commands19346 -Node: Simple Commands20218 -Node: Pipelines20849 -Node: Lists23781 -Node: Compound Commands25520 -Node: Looping Constructs26532 -Node: Conditional Constructs29027 -Node: Command Grouping40082 -Node: Coprocesses41561 -Node: GNU Parallel43464 -Node: Shell Functions47438 -Node: Shell Parameters54521 -Node: Positional Parameters58934 -Node: Special Parameters59834 -Node: Shell Expansions63171 -Node: Brace Expansion65294 -Node: Tilde Expansion68018 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70366 -Node: Command Substitution84849 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion86204 -Node: Process Substitution87136 -Node: Word Splitting88256 -Node: Filename Expansion90200 -Node: Pattern Matching92730 -Node: Quote Removal96716 -Node: Redirections97011 -Node: Executing Commands106569 -Node: Simple Command Expansion107239 -Node: Command Search and Execution109169 -Node: Command Execution Environment111545 -Node: Environment114529 -Node: Exit Status116188 -Node: Signals117858 -Node: Shell Scripts119825 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands122340 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124378 -Node: Bash Builtins145036 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173944 -Node: The Set Builtin174289 -Node: The Shopt Builtin184702 -Node: Special Builtins201572 -Node: Shell Variables202551 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables202988 -Node: Bash Variables205092 -Node: Bash Features235106 -Node: Invoking Bash236005 -Node: Bash Startup Files241991 -Node: Interactive Shells247094 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247504 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?248153 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248968 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252456 -Node: Shell Arithmetic256822 -Node: Aliases259639 -Node: Arrays262187 -Node: The Directory Stack267553 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins268337 -Node: Controlling the Prompt271305 -Node: The Restricted Shell274067 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode275892 -Node: Job Control286243 -Node: Job Control Basics286703 -Node: Job Control Builtins291671 -Node: Job Control Variables296398 -Node: Command Line Editing297554 -Node: Introduction and Notation299225 -Node: Readline Interaction300848 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials302039 -Node: Readline Movement Commands303822 -Node: Readline Killing Commands304782 -Node: Readline Arguments306700 -Node: Searching307744 -Node: Readline Init File309930 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax311077 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs331448 -Node: Sample Init File335644 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands338761 -Node: Commands For Moving339965 -Node: Commands For History341814 -Node: Commands For Text346109 -Node: Commands For Killing349498 -Node: Numeric Arguments351979 -Node: Commands For Completion353118 -Node: Keyboard Macros357309 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands357996 -Node: Readline vi Mode363949 -Node: Programmable Completion364856 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins372450 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example382336 -Node: Using History Interactively387587 -Node: Bash History Facilities388271 -Node: Bash History Builtins391276 -Node: History Interaction395807 -Node: Event Designators398874 -Node: Word Designators400093 -Node: Modifiers401730 -Node: Installing Bash403132 -Node: Basic Installation404269 -Node: Compilers and Options407527 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures408268 -Node: Installation Names409961 -Node: Specifying the System Type410779 -Node: Sharing Defaults411495 -Node: Operation Controls412168 -Node: Optional Features413126 -Node: Reporting Bugs423652 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424846 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License441698 -Node: Indexes466875 -Node: Builtin Index467329 -Node: Reserved Word Index474156 -Node: Variable Index476604 -Node: Function Index492282 -Node: Concept Index505585 +Node: Top887 +Node: Introduction2797 +Node: What is Bash?3013 +Node: What is a shell?4127 +Node: Definitions6665 +Node: Basic Shell Features9616 +Node: Shell Syntax10835 +Node: Shell Operation11861 +Node: Quoting13154 +Node: Escape Character14454 +Node: Single Quotes14939 +Node: Double Quotes15287 +Node: ANSI-C Quoting16565 +Node: Locale Translation17824 +Node: Comments18720 +Node: Shell Commands19338 +Node: Simple Commands20210 +Node: Pipelines20841 +Node: Lists23773 +Node: Compound Commands25512 +Node: Looping Constructs26524 +Node: Conditional Constructs29019 +Node: Command Grouping40099 +Node: Coprocesses41578 +Node: GNU Parallel43481 +Node: Shell Functions47539 +Node: Shell Parameters54622 +Node: Positional Parameters59035 +Node: Special Parameters59935 +Node: Shell Expansions63649 +Node: Brace Expansion65772 +Node: Tilde Expansion68496 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70844 +Node: Command Substitution85327 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion86682 +Node: Process Substitution87614 +Node: Word Splitting88734 +Node: Filename Expansion90678 +Node: Pattern Matching93208 +Node: Quote Removal97194 +Node: Redirections97489 +Node: Executing Commands107047 +Node: Simple Command Expansion107717 +Node: Command Search and Execution109647 +Node: Command Execution Environment112023 +Node: Environment115007 +Node: Exit Status116666 +Node: Signals118336 +Node: Shell Scripts120303 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands122818 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124856 +Node: Bash Builtins145514 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior174422 +Node: The Set Builtin174767 +Node: The Shopt Builtin185180 +Node: Special Builtins202050 +Node: Shell Variables203029 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables203466 +Node: Bash Variables205570 +Node: Bash Features235584 +Node: Invoking Bash236483 +Node: Bash Startup Files242496 +Node: Interactive Shells247599 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?248009 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?248658 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior249473 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252960 +Node: Shell Arithmetic257326 +Node: Aliases260143 +Node: Arrays262691 +Node: The Directory Stack268057 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins268841 +Node: Controlling the Prompt271809 +Node: The Restricted Shell274575 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode276400 +Node: Job Control286751 +Node: Job Control Basics287211 +Node: Job Control Builtins292179 +Node: Job Control Variables296906 +Node: Command Line Editing298062 +Node: Introduction and Notation299733 +Node: Readline Interaction301356 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials302547 +Node: Readline Movement Commands304330 +Node: Readline Killing Commands305290 +Node: Readline Arguments307208 +Node: Searching308252 +Node: Readline Init File310438 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax311585 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs331985 +Node: Sample Init File336181 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands339298 +Node: Commands For Moving340502 +Node: Commands For History342351 +Node: Commands For Text346646 +Node: Commands For Killing350034 +Node: Numeric Arguments352515 +Node: Commands For Completion353654 +Node: Keyboard Macros357845 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands358532 +Node: Readline vi Mode364485 +Node: Programmable Completion365392 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins372986 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example383514 +Node: Using History Interactively388754 +Node: Bash History Facilities389438 +Node: Bash History Builtins392443 +Node: History Interaction396974 +Node: Event Designators400041 +Node: Word Designators401260 +Node: Modifiers402897 +Node: Installing Bash404299 +Node: Basic Installation405436 +Node: Compilers and Options408694 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures409435 +Node: Installation Names411128 +Node: Specifying the System Type411946 +Node: Sharing Defaults412662 +Node: Operation Controls413335 +Node: Optional Features414293 +Node: Reporting Bugs424811 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell426005 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License442857 +Node: Indexes468034 +Node: Builtin Index468488 +Node: Reserved Word Index475315 +Node: Variable Index477763 +Node: Function Index493441 +Node: Concept Index506744  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index de5d31297..51c09c1e5 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index deccb7a74..aa5b3a28a 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:22 2018 +%%CreationDate: Fri Jun 8 16:15:59 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 -%%Pages: 80 +%%Pages: 81 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 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When)-.1 F 1.774(there are no positional)4.274 F +(parameters, ")144 345.6 Q F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2($@)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 357.6 Q F0 +(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 357.6 Q +F2(?)108 369.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 369.6 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2108 345.6 Q F0 .881 -(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 345.6 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G -.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) -144 357.6 Q F22.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 369.6 Q F0 .214 -(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 369.6 R .214 +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2108 381.6 Q F0 .882 +(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 381.6 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G +.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +144 393.6 Q F22.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 405.6 Q F0 .214 +(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 405.6 R .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 381.6 Q F2(!)108 393.6 Q F0 .499(Expands \ +(shell, not the subshell.)144 417.6 Q F2(!)108 429.6 Q F0 .499(Expands \ to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, \ -whether e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E -(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 405.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 +whether e)144 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 441.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 417.6 Q F0 1.692 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 417.6 R 1.691 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F2(bash)4.191 E -F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 429.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F2($0)3.077 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F2(bash)3.078 E -F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F23.078 E F0 .369 -(option, then)144 441.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 453.6 Q F0 1.691 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 453.6 R 1.692 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E +F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 465.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E +F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F23.077 E F0 .368 +(option, then)144 477.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 (is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E -(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 453.6 Q -.2 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E +(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 489.6 Q -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 (iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F2(_)108 465.6 Q F0 .054 -(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 465.6 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 477.6 R .692 +F2(_)108 501.6 Q F0 .055 +(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 501.6 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 513.6 R .691 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E -3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) --.18 F(pre)144 489.6 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 +3.191(,e)-.65 G .692(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 525.6 Q .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071 (xpansion. 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The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 -607.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) -2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 -(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 619.2 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F -3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 631.2 Q -(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 643.2 S(SHPID).3 E -F0 .187(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 655.2 R F2(bash) -2.687 E F0 2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F -F2($$)2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F .548 -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 667.2 R F2(bash) -3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .548(Assignments to)5.548 -F F1 -.27(BA)3.048 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 679.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .477(appearing in)144 +643.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.977 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .477(are those reported as) +2.727 F F3(on)3.207 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976 +(ft)-5.476 G .476(his v)-2.976 F .476(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 655.2 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F +3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 667.2 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 679.2 S(SHPID).3 E +F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 691.2 R F2(bash) +2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F +F2($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548 +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 703.2 R F2(bash) +3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 +F F1 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 715.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 691.2 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 -703.2 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ -embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 -(tained by the)144 715.2 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 -(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 -(added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 -(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 727.2 R --.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.503 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(10)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 96 R 1.495 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose members corresp\ +ond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16(tained by the) +144 108 R F1(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66(iltin. 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Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.966(after the shell)3.466 F(has started to e)144 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .966 +(description of the)144 288 R F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 +(option to the)3.466 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 +(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.965(after the shell)3.465 F(has started to e)144 300 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 264 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 276 R -.251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +(BA)108 312 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 324 R .25 +(ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 -(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E 1.224 +(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 336 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 -(assigned to also be assigned to)144 300 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C +1.224(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 +(assigned to also be assigned to)144 348 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C (f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) -.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 312 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 336 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 +.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 360 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 372 S +(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 384 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 348 R F1(hash) -2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 +h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 396 R F1(hash) +2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ -t cause command names to be remo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G -.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 372 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G +t cause command names to be remo)144 408 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G +.852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 420 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 -(The command currently being e)144 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 432 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 +(The command currently being e)144 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -420 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 432 Q +456 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +468 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 480 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 -(An array v)144 456 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 468 R -F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) --3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 480 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 492 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 +(An array v)144 504 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 516 +R F2(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 +(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 528 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 492 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 540 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -504 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 528 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ +552 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 564 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 576 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F -(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 540 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 -564 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 -E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 -(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 576 R .007 -(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 588 R(x)-.15 E -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F -F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 600 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 612 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 624 R .125(ar\ +(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 588 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 600 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 +612 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 +(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 624 R .007 +(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 636 R(x)-.15 E +F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +(sion. This)144 648 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 660 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 672 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 636 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 684 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 648 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) --.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) --.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 660 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 -.296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 672 R -.296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 684 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 -(Ar)144 708 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 -(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 720 S -(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 696 Q F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(11)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 84 -Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G -(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A -F0(The minor v)264 96 Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 -E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 108 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 -(The patch le)264 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 120 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A F0(The b)264 120 Q(uild v)-.2 E -(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0 -(The release status \(e.g.,)264 132 Q F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 144 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 144 Q(alue of) +SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 +(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 96 R .296 +(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 108 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 +(Ar)144 132 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 +(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 144 S +(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 +(BA)144 162 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 162 Q +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G(lease) +.37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 174 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0 +(The minor v)264 174 Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 +E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 186 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 +(The patch le)264 186 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 198 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A F0(The b)264 198 Q(uild v)-.2 E +(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 210 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0 +(The release status \(e.g.,)264 210 Q F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) +144 222 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 222 Q(alue of) -.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 168 Q +SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 234 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 246 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -180 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 192 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E +258 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 270 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 282 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 216 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 228 Q F0(The k)144 240 Q .3 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 294 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 306 Q F0(The k)144 318 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 252 Q F0 1.207 -(The current command line.)144 264 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 330 Q F0 1.208 +(The current command line.)144 342 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.849(mands in)144 276 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 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to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 336 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 348 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +402 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 414 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 426 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -360 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 372 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +438 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 450 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 384 R F2 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functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 420 S 2.929 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 498 S 2.928 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -432 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 444 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.335(The set of characters that the)144 456 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) -144 468 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 480 Q F1(COMP_W)108 492 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .653(An array v)144 504 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E -F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 516 R +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +510 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 522 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.336(The set of characters that the)144 534 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) +144 546 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 558 Q F1(COMP_W)108 570 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 582 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 594 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 -528 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 -(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) -144 540 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 552 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) -144 564 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 +606 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 +(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +144 618 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 630 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 642 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 576 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 588 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 600 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 654 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 666 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 678 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 612 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 -(members of this array v)144 624 R 1.432 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 690 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 702 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 636 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 714 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 648 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 726 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F1(EPOCHREAL) -108 672 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .337 -(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -696 Q F2(time)2.916 E F0 .416(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 -(ssignments to)-5.417 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 708 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E -F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E -(subsequently reset.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(12)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(12) +199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(EPOCHSECONDS)108 84 Q F0 .337 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 96 R .338 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(it is subsequently reset.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHREAL)108 +96 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 108 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 +F(\(see)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.917 E F0 .417 +(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 +(ssignments to)-5.416 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 132 +Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E +(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s) +-3.591 E(subsequently reset.)144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .337 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)4.042 E F0 4.042 -(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHSECONDS) -4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E -F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F(loses its special properties, e)144 120 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(EUID)108 132 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef) -144 132 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103 -(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 144 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 156 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 168 R .479 +180 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 +(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +-.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G +1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 228 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 240 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 180 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 192 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F -(special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 -234 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 +(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 264 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 +(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 +(tion is e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +(special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 +306 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 246 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 258 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 330 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 -(at line number)144 270 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 282 Q F1(GR)108 294 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 306 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E -.571(ments to)144 318 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 +(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +(An array v)144 378 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E +.572(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E -(subsequently reset.)144 330 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 342 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 354 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) --2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E +(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .355 +(The history number)144 426 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) +-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 366 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 378 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 390 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 402 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 414 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 426 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 438 Q F0 1.408(Each\ +(HOSTN)108 450 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 462 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 486 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 510 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 450 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 462 R .079 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 474 R .307 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F -(special properties, e)144 486 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 498 Q +ber representing the)144 522 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .078 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 546 R .306 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E +F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +(special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 570 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 510 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 522 Q F2 +es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 534 Q F0 .294 -(An array v)144 546 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 -(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 558 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 570 Q F0(The pre)144 582 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 606 Q F0 .293 +(An array v)144 618 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 +(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 630 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 642 Q F0(The pre)144 654 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 594 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 606 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 678 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 618 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 630 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 642 R 4.152 -(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 654 -S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -666 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 690 Q(ault is system-dependent.) --.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 702 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 -714 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 -(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 -(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 726 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E -(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 690 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 702 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 714 R 4.151 +(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 726 +S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(13)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PPID)108 84 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 84 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes\ + the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) +2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 120 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 132 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 +(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F +(the most-recently-e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 +(PPID)108 156 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 156 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 96 Q F0(The current w)144 96 Q +F1(PWD)108 168 Q F0(The current w)144 168 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 108 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 120 R .566 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 132 +(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 .566 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 192 R .565 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 204 R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 156 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 168 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 228 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 180 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 192 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 252 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F0 .313 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 216 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 +(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 300 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 252 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 276 R .712 +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 324 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 348 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 288 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve) +F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 312 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 324 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 396 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 336 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F -F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 -(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E -3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 348 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1144 408 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 +(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 420 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 360 Q F1(bash) -3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 -F(This v)144 372 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 384 Q -(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 396 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 408 Q F0 -(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 408 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 432 Q F1(bash) +3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +F(This v)144 444 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 456 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 468 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 480 Q F0 +(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 480 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 424.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 496.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 436.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.192(The v)144 465.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F -3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 -(l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 --.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 477.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E -F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 489.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 -(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 -F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 508.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.193(The v)144 537.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 +(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 549.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E +F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 561.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F +-.25(va)2.861 G .361 +(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 +(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 525.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 -(sets the compatibility le)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 549.6 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 -(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 561.6 Q F1 +4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 597.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 +(sets the compatibility le)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 621.6 R F1 +(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 +(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 633.6 Q F1 (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 585.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) -3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 597.6 R F5 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) -2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 609.6 R .525 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 645.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 +(If this parameter is set when)144 657.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) +3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 669.6 R F5 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) +2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 681.6 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 621.6 Q +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 693.6 Q F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 633.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 645.6 -R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 -F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 657.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +108 705.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 717.6 +R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 729.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 (is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 -(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 669.6 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F -2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ -mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -681.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -693.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ -\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(14)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(14)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the) -144 96 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747(command. 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Unsetting)-2.888 F F1 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E +F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the empty string causes the trace\ + output to be sent to the standard error)144 96 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53 +(ote that setting)-7.53 F F1 -.27(BA)144 108 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 +E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le descriptor\) and then unsetti\ +ng it will result in the)2.99 F(standard error being closed.)144 120 Q +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)108 132 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248 +(The search path for the)144 144 R F2(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. This) +3.748 F 1.247(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the) +3.748 F 3.795 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 156 R F2 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 168 Q F0(.)A F2 +(CHILD_MAX)108 180 Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 192 R .997 (xited child status v)-.15 F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F -5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his) --3.498 E -.25(va)144 156 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 +5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his) +-3.497 E -.25(va)144 204 S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 (waP)-.25 G 1.077(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 -F 1.077(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 -168 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.) --.25 E F1(COLUMNS)108 180 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 192 R F1(select) -3.328 E F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ -rinting selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 204 R 2.007 -(set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 216 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E -F0 .847(An array v)144 240 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash) -3.348 E F0 .848 +F 1.078(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 +216 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.) +-.25 E F2(COLUMNS)108 228 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 240 R F2(select) +3.329 E F0 .828(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ +rinting selection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 252 R 2.006 +(set if the)4.506 F F2(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 264 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(COMPREPL)108 276 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v) +144 288 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F2(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F -(in)144 252 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G -.285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 +(in)144 300 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G +.285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F2 (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -264 Q F1(EMA)108 276 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 288 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 -(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F2(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 300 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 312 Q F0(Similar to) -144 312 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F4(;)A F0 +312 Q F2(EMA)108 324 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 336 Q F2(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 +(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F3(t)2.535 E +F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 348 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 360 Q F0(Similar to) +144 360 Q F1 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F4(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 324 Q F0 2.717(Ac)144 -336 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 -.1 -(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C -.216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 -(ignored by command search using)144 348 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.116(.F)C .117 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 -(are not considered e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 +(n)-2.5 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(EXECIGNORE) +108 372 Q F0 2.716(Ac)144 384 S .216 +(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F F2 -.1(Pa)2.717 G +(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .217 +(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 +(ignored by command search using)144 396 R F2 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.117(.F)C .116 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 +(are not considered e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 372 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) --.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.908 E F0(,)A F1(test)2.908 E F0 -2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F -(pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 -384 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 -(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 396 R +(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 420 S(TH)-.21 E F0 +2.909(lookup. This)2.909 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) +-.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F2([)2.908 E F0(,)A F2(test)2.908 E F0 +2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F2([[)2.908 E F0 2.908(commands. Full)2.908 F +(pathnames)2.908 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 +432 R F2(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 +(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 444 R 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 (cutable bit set, b).15 F 1.37(ut are not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 (cutable \214les.).15 F 1.37(The pattern matching)6.37 F -(honors the setting of the)144 408 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) -2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 420 Q F0(The def)144 432 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E -F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 444 Q F0 -2.599(Ac)144 456 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E -.098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 -(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 468 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 -(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 480 Q 2.5(As)5 -G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 -492 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 504 R .231 +(honors the setting of the)144 456 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) +2.5 E F2(FCEDIT)108 468 Q F0(The def)144 480 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E +F2(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F2(FIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 +2.598(Ac)144 504 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E +.098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F1 +(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 516 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 +(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F1(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 528 Q 2.5(As)5 +G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F3(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F2(FUNCNEST)108 +540 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 552 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E -(cations that e)144 516 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 528 Q F0 2.923(Ac)144 540 S .423(olon-separated list of\ +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E +(cations that e)144 564 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)108 576 Q F0 2.924(Ac)144 588 S .423(olon-separated list of\ patterns de\214ning the set of \214le names to be ignored by pathname \ -e)-2.923 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.948(sion. If)144 552 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 -(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 -(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 -(GLOBIGNORE)144 564 Q F4(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) -.15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 576 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 -2.653(Ac)144 588 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153 +e)-2.924 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.947(sion. 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If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.244 +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.244(alues and)-.25 F 1.021(numeric v)144 192 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 156 Q F0(after reading an) -2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 168 Q F0 -2.657(Ac)144 180 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G -2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 192 R .708 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 -(\(no implicit `)144 204 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 -(ppended\). 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Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 +(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F1(HISTCONTR)144 +264 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 228 R 2.514(vious history line.) --.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 240 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F +F3(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 276 R 2.515(vious history line.) +-.25 F(`)7.514 E F3(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 288 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 252 R --.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 264 Q F1(extglob)2.5 -E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 276 Q F0 1.387 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 288 -R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 300 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 -(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 312 T .437 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 -G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 -(The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 324 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 348 R .951 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952(\(3\) to print the)B .673 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 360 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) -3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 372 R +1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 300 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E F2(.)A F0 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 312 Q F3(extglob)2.5 +E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3(HISTSIZE)108 324 Q F0 1.387 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 336 +R F1(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) +-.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 348 S 1.321 +(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 +(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 360 T .436 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 +G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 +(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +(to 500 after reading an)144 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 384 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 396 R .952 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F4(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 +(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 408 +R F3(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 420 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 384 Q -F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 408 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 420 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 432 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 444 R F4 +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 432 Q +F3(HOME)108 444 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 456 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F3(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 468 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F3 +(HOSTFILE)108 480 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 492 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 +.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 504 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 480 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 -(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 504 -Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 528 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 516 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F3(bash)144 528 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 540 R F3(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 +(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 552 +Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F3(IFS)108 564 Q F0(The)144 564 Q F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +F -.1(wo)144 576 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 540 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 552 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) -144 564 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F3(IGNOREEOF)108 588 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 600 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F1(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +144 612 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 -(on an input line before)144 576 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(on an input line before)144 624 R F3(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 636 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E -F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) +F1(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F3 +(INPUTRC)108 648 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 660 R F3 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F2(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 624 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 636 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 636 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F1(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 672 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F3(LANG)108 684 Q F0 1.24(Used to determine the locale cate)144 684 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.239 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 648 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 660 Q F0 .974 -(This v)144 672 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 -(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) -3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 684 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 696 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 708 R .412(ariable det\ -ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 720 R 1.465 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(16)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(starting with)144 696 Q F3(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(16)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(within pathname e) -144 84 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(LC_CTYPE)108 96 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 108 R 1.936 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(LC_ALL)108 84 Q F0 .973(This v)144 96 R .973(ariable o)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .973(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an)3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1 +(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G .974(riable specifying a locale cate-) +.25 F(gory)144 108 Q(.)-.65 E F1(LC_COLLA)108 120 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412 +(This v)144 132 R .412(ariable determines the collation order used when\ + sorting the results of pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464 +(and determines the beha)144 144 R 1.464(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465 +(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.465 +(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 156 +Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 168 Q F0 1.936 +(This v)144 180 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 120 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 132 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 144 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +1.935(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 192 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 204 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 216 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 156 Q F0(This v)144 168 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 180 Q F0(This v) -144 192 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 204 Q F0 -.055(Used by the)144 204 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ -o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 -(Automatically set if the)144 216 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 -(hell upon receipt of a).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGWINCH)144 228 Q/F3 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 240 Q F0 1.201 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 240 -R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 -(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +108 228 Q F0(This v)144 240 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 252 Q F0(This v) +144 264 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 276 Q F0 +.054(Used by the)144 276 R F1(select)2.554 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.554 F .265 +(Automatically set if the)144 288 R F1(checkwinsize)2.765 E F0 .264 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.765 F .564 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .264 +(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 300 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 312 Q F0 1.201 +(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 312 +R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 +(informs the user of the arri)144 324 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 264 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 276 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.598 F 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2.99(Ac)144 396 S .49 (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) -144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ +144 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ - with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 348 Q(xt of the message,) + with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 420 Q(xt of the message,) -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 -(MAILP)144 360 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +(MAILP)144 432 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 372 Q F0 .015 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 444 Q F0 .015 (can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ -ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 384 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 396 Q F0 .39 -(If set to the v)144 408 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 -(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 --.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 420 R -(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in) -2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 432 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 444 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)144 444 R .587 +ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 456 Q +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 468 Q F0 .389 +(If set to the v)144 480 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 492 R(UIL) +-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) +5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 504 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 516 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 +(The search path for commands.)144 516 R .588 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 456 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 468 S -.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 480 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F(administrator who installs)144 492 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 528 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 540 S +.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 552 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 564 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 504 Q -F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 516 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 528 R -.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 -E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 -(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 540 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 576 Q +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 588 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 600 R +.472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 +(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 612 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 624 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(enables)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) -2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F4(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 564 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 576 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 636 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 648 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) -108 588 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 600 R .676 +108 660 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 672 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 612 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 684 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 636 Q F0 1.174(The v) -144 636 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) +(Characters remo)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 708 Q F0 1.174(The v) +144 708 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 648 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 660 Q F0 .065(The v)144 660 R -.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) -2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 672 R -(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 684 Q F0 .117(The v)144 684 R .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 696 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 708 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 708 R 1.115 -(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 720 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 720 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E +(17)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 .1(The v)144 84 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 -F .1(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101 -(and the v)2.35 F .101(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1 -(bash)144 96 Q F0 .335(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335 -(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .335(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-) -2.584 F(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5 -(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.) -.15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 -E F1(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132 -R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If) --.25 F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 -E 2.5(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 156 Q(T)-.95 E F0 -.827(The v)144 168 R .826 +SF(PS1)108 84 Q F0 .064(The v)144 84 R .065(alue of this parameter is e) +-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.565 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065(w\) and used as the primary prompt) +-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 96 R(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E +(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 108 Q +F0 .118(The v)144 108 R .118(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.617 E F0 .117 +(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)5.117 E(def)144 +120 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS3) +108 132 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 132 R 1.115 +(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 156 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 156 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .334 +(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F +(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 180 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 +G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E +(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 +(SHELL)108 192 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 204 R +.664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 +F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 216 Q F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5 +(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 228 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826 +(The v)144 240 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 192 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 204 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 222 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 222 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 234 Q/F3 10 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 252 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 264 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 276 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 294 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)194 294 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 306 Q/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 -234 Q F1(%[)144 246 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 246 Q F1(%[)144 258 Q +306 Q F1(%[)144 318 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 318 Q F1(%[)144 330 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 -258 Q F1(%P)144 270 Q F0 -(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 270 Q .87 -(The optional)144 286.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +330 Q F1(%P)144 342 Q F0 +(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 342 Q .87 +(The optional)144 358.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 322.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 370.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 382.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 394.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 411.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 368.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) -144 380.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 423.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 440.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +144 452.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -392.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +464.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 -404.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 416.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +476.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 488.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 428.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F -.885(ing from a terminal.)144 440.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 -(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 452.4 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 500.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 512.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 524.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 -F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 464.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 476.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 488.4 -R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 500.4 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 512.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 -524.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 536.4 R +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 536.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 548.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 560.4 +R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 572.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 584.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 596.4 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 608.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 548.4 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -560.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 572.4 Q 1.133 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 620.4 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +632.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 644.4 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 584.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 596.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 608.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E -F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 656.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 668.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 680.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 620.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 632.4 Q(.)-.55 -E F1(histchars)108 644.4 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 656.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G -4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F -2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E -(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 668.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E -3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G -1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 680.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B -.798(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 692.4 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 704.4 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ - that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 716.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 728.4 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 692.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 704.4 Q(.)-.55 +E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(18)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 84 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 -(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Arrays)87 112.8 Q(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89 -(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891 -(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391 -(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891(ariable may be used as an) --3.641 F(inde)108 136.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the) --2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e) -.2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073 -(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .328(an array)108 -148.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr)-.15 G .329 -(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G -2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.329(.I)-.65 G -(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329(rrays are refer)-2.829 -F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 160.8 R 1.595 -(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(histchars)108 84 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 96 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HIST)4.569 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 108 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo) +3.465 E 3.715(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.216(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 +(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798 +(signals the start of a history e)144 120 R .798(xpansion, normally `) +-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F3 +(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 132 Q F0 +(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 144 R .575(The def)5.575 +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ + that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ +char)144 156 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 168 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 180 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 192 Q F1(Arrays)87 208.8 Q(Bash) +108 220.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 244.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 256.8 R +1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -172.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +268.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 189.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 201.6 -Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F2(subscript)4.389 E F0 -1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o) --7.348 E -.15(ex)108 213.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1 -(declar)4.48 E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 225.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G -(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 -(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E -(Associati)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E -F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -259.2 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 --.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 271.2 Q -(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 288 R -F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F2(value)108 300 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F2 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 -(When assigning to inde)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 285.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 297.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 +E -.15(ex)108 309.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E +4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979 +(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 321.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 +E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 +(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 338.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 +G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 355.2 Q .94 +(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E +(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 367.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 384 R +F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F3(value)108 396 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +(When assigning to inde)108 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 -(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 324 R -3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 336 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 352.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 369.6 R F1(declar) -2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 -381.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 420 R 3.91 +(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) +-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) +-3.911 F(Inde)108 432 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E +(When assigning to an associati)108 448.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 465.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 +477.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 393.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 405.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 489.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 501.6 Q F3(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 417.6 Q(An)108 434.4 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 446.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 513.6 Q(An)108 530.4 Q +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 542.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 458.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 470.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 554.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 566.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 482.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 -(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 -494.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 -(within a w)108 506.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +1.375(of the)108 578.4 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 +(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +590.4 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F +2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +(within a w)108 602.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -518.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 530.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +614.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 626.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 542.4 -S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A -F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 638.4 +S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A +F0 3.386(]}. If)B F3(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 554.4 -R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 650.4 +R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 -(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 566.4 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(indices count back from the end of the array)108 578.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 662.4 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 674.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -595.2 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +691.2 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 607.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +108 703.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 624 Q +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 720 Q (ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 640.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1 -(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 652.8 S .749 -(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 -(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -664.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 681.6 Q F1(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 -G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A -F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 693.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 -(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) -.05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 -(described abo)108 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2 -(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 -E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 -(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 -(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(19)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847 -(When using a v)108 84 R .848(ariable name with a subscript as an ar) --.25 F .848(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 96 R -.345(ord e)-.1 F .345(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.845(,t).15 G .345(he ar)-2.845 F .344 -(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-) -2.844 E(name e)108 108 Q(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E -(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re) -3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F -F13.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F13.574 E F0 .339 -(option to specify an associati)108 136.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .417 +(It is possible to obtain the k)108 84 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\().15 G +.418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918(alues. ${) +-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A +F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15 +(ex)108 96 S .75(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(name)3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 108 +Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(unset)2.766 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G +(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A +F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 136.8 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 +(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +.05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 +(described abo)108 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2 +(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 160.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 +(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 +(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 177.6 R .848 +(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C +(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 189.6 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344 +(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345 +(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 201.6 Q +(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E +(The)108 218.4 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0 +3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G +1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F13.573 E F0 1.073 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 +(rray and a)-3.573 F F13.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an associati)108 230.4 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F12.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 148.8 R F12.941 E F0 .441 +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +(accepts a)108 242.4 R F12.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 160.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E -(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 177.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 189.6 R 3.26 +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 254.4 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 271.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 283.2 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 -E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 213.6 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .419(The order of e)108 230.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S -.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 254.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 271.2 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 283.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 295.2 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e) +2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 307.2 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e) +2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 +E .418(The order of e)108 324 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 +(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 336 S +.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 348 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 364.8 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 376.8 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 300 R .003 +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 393.6 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 312 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F3(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 328.8 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 405.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 422.4 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745 -("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F3 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 364.8 S -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 381.6 -Q F3(Br)108.58 393.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 434.4 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 446.4 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744 +("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F2 +(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 458.4 S +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 475.2 +Q F2(Br)108.58 487.2 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 405.6 Q F3 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 499.2 Q F2 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 417.6 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 511.2 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 429.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 523.2 R +.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 441.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 453.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 470.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +ch resulting string, e)108 535.2 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 547.2 Q .718(Brace e)108 564 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F +.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 482.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 499.2 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F3(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F3(y) -3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 511.2 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +108 576 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0(d,c,b) +A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)108 +592.8 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y) +3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 604.8 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -523.2 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) --2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078 -(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 535.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +616.8 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 628.8 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) +2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 547.2 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 640.8 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le) -.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E -F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 -(that both)108 571.2 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 652.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 +(that both)108 664.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 583.2 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 600 -R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 612 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 624 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac) -108 640.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \ -contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 652.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F -5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 664.8 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 -.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 676.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 -(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 688.8 Q -(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ -ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 705.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 717.6 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(between each term.)108 676.8 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 +693.6 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 +(are preserv)108 705.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 +(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 717.6 Q +(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(20)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 84 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E -(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 96 Q(cho)144 108 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E -(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618 -(Brace e)108 124.8 R .618 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.632(Ac)108 84 S +1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must contain unqu\ +oted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F 3.441 +(unquoted comma or a v)108 96 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941 +(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441(ncorrectly formed brace e) +-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755(unchanged. A)108 108 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 +(sion. T)108 120 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 132 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ +gs to be generated is)108 148.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 160.8 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 +177.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 189.6 Q(cho)144 +201.6 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 +E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 218.4 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 136.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 230.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 242.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 160.8 Q F0 -.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 -(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 172.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 254.4 Q F0 +.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 +(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +(If strict compatibility with)108 266.4 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 184.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 278.4 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 201.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 213.6 R 1.087(ord be) --.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +87 295.2 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 307.2 R 1.086(ord be) +-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 225.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 237.6 R -.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 249.6 Q -.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +ed a)108 319.2 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ +\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 331.2 R +.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 343.2 Q +.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 261.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 355.2 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 273.6 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 290.4 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 367.2 Q .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 384 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 302.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 396 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 314.4 R F2(N)4.141 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ -ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -326.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 338.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G -.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 -(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 408 R F2(N)4.142 E +F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 420 +R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu)108 432 +S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G .455 +(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F .454 +(the characters follo)2.954 F .454(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x) +-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 350.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 367.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 444 Q(If the login name is in)108 460.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 384 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 477.6 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.467(these cases, tilde e)108 396 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 408 -Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 -(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1 -.1(Pa)87 424.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 436.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F -1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 448.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 460.8 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E +.468(these cases, tilde e)108 489.6 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 +501.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 518.4 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605 +(The `)108 530.4 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 542.4 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 +(tect the v)108 554.4 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -472.8 Q 1.189 +566.4 Q 1.19 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -489.6 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -501.6 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 513.6 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 530.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(})A 1.204(The v)144 542.4 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 554.4 R F2(par)4.014 E +583.2 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 595.2 R 2.15 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 607.2 S +(pansion.).15 E(${)108 624 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205(The v) +144 636 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204 +(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2 +(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 648 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 566.4 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 578.4 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) -C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 595.2 R F2(par)2.846 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F -F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G -(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 607.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 -(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash) -5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 619.2 R 1.003 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 660 R(The)7.677 E F2(par)5.177 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo)5.177 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 672 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra) +-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .346 +(If the \214rst character of)108 688.8 R F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346 +(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F2 +(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces) +-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 700.8 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635(lo).25 G +2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F1(Bash)5.134 E F0 +.134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 712.8 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .257 -(rather than the v)108 631.2 R .257(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.757 E +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .258 +(rather than the v)108 724.8 R .258(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.757 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 2.757(itself. This)2.757 F .257(is kno)2.757 F .257 (wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.757 E .257(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.257 -(.T)C .257(he v)-5.257 F .258(alue is subject to tilde)-.25 F -.15(ex) -108 643.2 S 2.767(pansion, parameter e).15 F 2.766 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 5.266 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)5.266 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.766(is a)5.266 F -.461(nameref, this e)108 655.2 R .461(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.461(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.961 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .462 -(instead of performing the com-)2.961 F 2.419(plete indirect e)108 667.2 -R 4.919(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.919 G 2.418 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.418(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.918(}a)C 2.418(nd ${)-4.918 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A .464(described belo)108 679.2 R 4.264 -.65 -(w. T)-.25 H .464(he e).65 F .464 -(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 2.965(wt)-.25 G .465 -(he left brace in order to introduce indi-)-2.965 F(rection.)108 691.2 Q -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 708 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 720 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(21)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(.T)C .257(he v)-5.257 F .257(alue is subject to tilde)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(21)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.089 -(When not performing substring e)108 84 R 1.089 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S +2.766(pansion, parameter e).15 F 2.766 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 5.267 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)5.267 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 2.767(is a)5.267 F .462(nameref, this e)108 96 R .461 +(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F .461(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.961 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .461(instead of performing the com-)2.961 +F 2.418(plete indirect e)108 108 R 4.918(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex) +4.918 G 2.418(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.419(xpansions of ${) +-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 4.919 +(}a)C 2.419(nd ${)-4.919 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A .465 +(described belo)108 120 R 4.265 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .465(he e).65 F .465 +(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 2.965(wt)-.25 G .464 +(he left brace in order to introduce indi-)-2.965 F(rection.)108 132 Q +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 148.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 +F(and arithmetic e)108 160.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 +(When not performing substring e)108 177.6 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E -F0 1.09(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 96 Q(Om\ -itting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 -E(${)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 124.8 R(alues)-.92 E -F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723 -(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, the v)144 136.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004(Assign Default V)144 160.8 R(alues)-.92 -E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 172.8 Q(ameter)-.15 -E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 +(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 189.6 Q(Omitt\ +ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 206.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F2 .722(Use Default V)144 218.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 +E F1(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F +.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) +3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 230.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 242.4 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 +(Assign Default V)144 254.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1 +(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F +2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 +(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 266.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 +G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 184.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 196.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .535(Display Err)144 208.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 -(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 220.8 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 244.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 256.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 278.4 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 290.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2 .535(Display Err)144 302.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 314.4 R +.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(interacti)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 338.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 350.4 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 268.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 280.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 292.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 304.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 -E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 316.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 362.4 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 374.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 386.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 398.4 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 +E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 +(character speci\214ed by)144 410.4 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 +(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 328.8 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) +3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 422.4 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 -(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 340.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F -F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) --.15 F .847(end of the v)144 352.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 -(and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 364.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 388.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 +(substring of the v)144 434.4 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F +F1(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) +-.15 F .846(end of the v)144 446.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 +(and)3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F +.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 458.4 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 400.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.045(end of the v)144 494.4 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 412.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 424.8 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 436.8 Q -.2 -(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 460.8 Q F2(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 -E F1(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F2(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) -2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 472.8 R .6 +(of)144 506.4 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 518.4 R +.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 530.4 Q -.2 +(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 554.4 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 +E F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 566.4 R .6 (en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 484.8 -R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G -.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 496.8 Q(If)144 520.8 Q F2 -(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .64(to the last positional parameter)144 578.4 R +5.64(.I)-.55 G 3.14(ti)-5.64 G 3.14(sa)-3.14 G 3.139(ne)-3.14 G .639 +(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.139 E F0 -.25(eva)3.139 G .639 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 590.4 Q(If)144 614.4 Q F1 +(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 -(the array be)144 532.8 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 -(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) -.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 544.8 R -3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 -(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 -(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F2(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 -(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 556.8 Q(Substring e)144 -580.8 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 604.8 +-3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082 +(the array be)144 626.4 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081 +(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo) +.15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 638.4 R +3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F +6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G +1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08 +(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 650.4 Q(Substring e)144 +674.4 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 698.4 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\ -n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 616.8 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def) --.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.806 E F0 -.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 628.8 Q(${)108 645.6 -Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 657.6 Q F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 669.6 R -(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 681.6 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.757 E F0 .257 -(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 693.6 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(22)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 710.4 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def) +-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F2($0)2.807 E F0 +.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 722.4 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(22)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]}) -A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.035 -(List of array k)144 108 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name) -4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A +F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .085 +(Names matching pr)144 108 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.084(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) +-2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 120 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F +.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 132 Q +(ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 +148.8 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(!)A F2 +(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.036(List of array k)144 172.8 R(eys) +-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) +4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.596(assigned in)144 120 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2 -(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 132 Q F0 +.595(assigned in)144 184.8 R F2(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F2 +(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F2(@)144 196.8 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -148.8 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .47 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -172.8 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +213.6 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 225.6 S .471 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 +(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F2(par) +4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 237.6 Q F0(is)4.438 E F1(*)3.708 E F0(or) +3.708 E F1(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 -(array name subscripted by)144 184.8 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) +6.209 E F2(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +(array name subscripted by)144 249.6 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 196.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 -(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 208.8 R 1.272 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 220.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 237.6 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 249.6 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 261.6 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F2(par)145.25 261.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 +(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 273.6 R 1.273 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 285.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 302.4 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 314.4 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.543(name e)144 273.6 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +.544(name e)144 338.4 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 285.6 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E -F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 -(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 -(then the result of the e)144 297.6 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 -309.6 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 350.4 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.221 G(tter).1 E 3.221(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.221 E +F0(belo)3.221 E 4.521 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.221(ft).65 G .721 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.221 F .722(ginning of the v)-.15 F .722 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.222 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.152 +(then the result of the e)144 362.4 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F .183(pattern \(the `)144 +374.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.663 -.74('' c)D .184 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F2(par)3.933 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F1(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 321.6 Q F1(*)3.018 E -F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F2(par)3.934 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F1(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 386.4 Q F1(*)3.019 E +F0 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 333.6 R(If) +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.121(sion is the resultant list.)144 398.4 R(If) 6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F 1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*) -3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 345.6 Q -.25 +3.622 E F0 3.622(,t)C 1.122(he pattern)-3.622 F(remo)144 410.4 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 357.6 Q(${)108 -374.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 -386.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo) -144 398.4 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 -E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F -.146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -410.4 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 422.4 S(tter) -.1 E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I) +-2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 422.4 Q(${)108 +439.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 +451.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo) +144 463.2 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 +E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F2(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F +.147(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 +475.2 S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 487.2 S(tter) +.1 E 4.592(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.592 E F0(belo)4.592 E 5.892 -.65(w. I) -.25 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092 -(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-4.592 F 2.092 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 434.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E +(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-4.592 F 2.093 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.093(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 499.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 446.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74 +(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.084 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 511.2 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.564 -.74 ('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F1(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F2 -(par)145.25 458.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 -E F1(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 -G 2.659(lo).25 G .16 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 -(and the e)144 470.4 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) -5.51 E F2(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F1(*)3.009 E -F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 482.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G +E F1(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F2 +(par)145.25 523.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F1(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E +F1(*)2.66 E F0 2.66(,t)C .16(he pattern remo)-2.66 F -.25(va)-.15 G +2.659(lo).25 G .159 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509 +(and the e)144 535.2 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) +5.509 E F2(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .51(is an array v)3.739 F .51 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F1(*)3.01 E F0 +(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 547.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 494.4 Q(${)108 -511.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0 -(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 523.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 -E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F -1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion,)144 535.2 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 -(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern)3.7 E -F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2 -(string)144 547.2 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F1 -.1 -(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E -4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 559.2 Q F0(be) -2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 -(ll matches of)-2.569 F F2(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) -2.569 F F2(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 -(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 571.2 R -F2(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F1(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 -(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 -(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 583.2 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2 -(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0 -3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F -.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(string)144 595.2 Q F0 .958 -(is null, matches of)3.458 F F2(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 -(are deleted and the)3.458 F F1(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E -F2(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F -F1(nocasematch)144 607.2 Q F0 .492 +-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 559.2 Q(${)108 +576 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0 +(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 588 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E +F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F2(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion,)144 600 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2(is e) +3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern)3.7 E F0 +(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2 +(string)144 612 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F1 -.1 +(Pa)2.897 G(tter).1 E 2.897(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.897 E F0(belo)2.897 E +4.197 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(pat-)2.897 E(tern)144 624 Q F0(be)2.57 +E .07(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.57 E F0 2.57(,a)C .07(ll matches of)-2.57 +F F2(pattern)2.57 E F0 .069(are replaced with)2.569 F F2(string)2.569 E +F0 5.069(.N)C .069(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.069 F 2.579 +(replaced. If)144 636 R F2(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079(gins with) +-.15 F F1(#)2.579 E F0 2.579(,i)C 2.579(tm)-2.579 G .079 +(ust match at the be)-2.579 F .08(ginning of the e)-.15 F .08(xpanded v) +-.15 F .08(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.58 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 648 Q F0 +5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(pattern)3.262 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with) +-.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761 +(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F .761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.261 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2 +(string)144 660 Q F0 .957(is null, matches of)3.457 F F2(pattern)3.457 E +F0 .958(are deleted and the)3.457 F F1(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing) +-.25 E F2(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958(If the) +5.958 F F1(nocasematch)144 672 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) -144 619.2 R(If)5.884 E F2(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F1(@) -3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 +(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.) +144 684 R(If)5.883 E F2(par)4.633 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.113 E F1(@) +3.383 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .884 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 -(parameter in turn, and the e)144 631.2 R 1.002 +(parameter in turn, and the e)144 696 R 1.002 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F2(par)4.752 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F -.159(scripted with)144 643.2 R F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F1(*)2.659 E -F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ -of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 655.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 672 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 684 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1 -(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 696 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2 -(pattern)A F0(})A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(23)193.45 -E 0 Cg EP +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.001(ariable sub-)-.25 F +.158(scripted with)144 708 R F1(@)2.658 E F0(or)2.659 E F1(*)2.659 E F0 +2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member of \ +the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 720 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(23)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.437(.T)C -.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern) +A F0(})A(${)108 108 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A +(${)108 120 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438 +(Case modi\214cation)144 132 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 -1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 120 S -1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 144 Q F0 +1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 156 S +1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -132 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +168 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 144 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 180 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 +1.547(letters to lo)144 192 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 (and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E -F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 204 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 E +F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 216 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.469 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 228 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 240 R(If)5.468 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 232.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 244.8 S .86 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 252 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 268.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 280.8 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 292.8 R 1.064 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 292.8 R F1 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +304.8 Q F2(Q)144 328.8 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 328.8 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 316.8 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 340.8 Q F2(E)144 352.8 Q F0 .44(The e)180 352.8 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 340.8 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 364.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 376.8 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 376.8 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 352.8 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 1.138 -(The e)180 364.8 R 1.138 +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 388.8 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 400.8 Q F0 1.137 +(The e)180 400.8 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 376.8 Q +F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 412.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 388.8 Q F0 -(The e)180 388.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 424.8 Q F0 +(The e)180 424.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 441.6 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) -5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E -F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 453.6 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.129 E F1(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F +.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F2(*)2.63 E +F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -429.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 453.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 465.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 482.4 Q F1 -1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 523.2 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 535.2 Q F2<92>144 547.2 Q F1(command) -A F2<92>A(Bash)108 564 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0 -.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) +465.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e) +144 489.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F +(belo)144 501.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 518.4 Q F1 +1.697(Command substitution)108 530.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 +(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 542.4 Q F2($\()144 559.2 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 571.2 Q F2<92>144 583.2 Q F1(command) +A F2<92>A(Bash)108 600 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0 +.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 576 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 -F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 588 +108 612 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 +F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b)108 624 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F -.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le)2.692 -E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G +.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le)2.691 +E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 636 Q -.25(va)-.25 G (lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 616.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 628.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 652.8 R(xcept)-.15 E +.315(when follo)108 664.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 640.8 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 652.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 669.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 676.8 R 1.386(using the $\() +3.886 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 688.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 705.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 681.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 698.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 -E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(quotes with backslashes.)108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8) +150.675 E(24)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034 -(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 -(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 -(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A -F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 84 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 +112.8 Q F0 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 124.8 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F +1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e) +.25 F 1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 136.8 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 153.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 +(\)\))A F0(The)108 170.4 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 +(treated specially)108 182.4 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. 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If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 271.2 R .559 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 288 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 +(xpansion. 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If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 458.4 R 3.737(ords. 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That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F52.676 -E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 -554.4 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -571.2 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 -588 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 600 R .371 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 -(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F -.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 -(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 612 R .677 +/Courier@0 SF -5.1672.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F52.675 +E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +583.2 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 +600 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 +616.8 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 628.8 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 640.8 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 624 R +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 652.8 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). 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If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 -(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 672 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 -(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 684 R .377 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 700.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 +(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 712.8 R .378 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 696 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.854(,u)-.65 G 1.354(nless the shell option)-3.854 F F1(dotglob)3.854 E -F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F1 -.63(``)3.854 -G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F1 -.63(``)3.853 G(..).63 E -.63 -('')-.55 G F0 1.353(must al)6.983 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.353(ys be).1 F .485 -(matched e)108 708 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.985(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.235 G -2.985(ni).15 G(f)-2.985 E F1(dotglob)2.985 E F0 .485(is set.)2.985 F -.485(In other cases, the)5.485 F F1 -.63(``)2.985 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .486(character is not treated specially)5.485 F 5.486(.W)-.65 G -(hen)-5.486 E .115(matching a pathname, the slash character must al)108 -720 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .114 -(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .114(ut in)-.2 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.353(matched e)108 724.8 R(xplicitly)-.15 +E 3.853(,u)-.65 G 1.353(nless the shell option)-3.853 F F1(dotglob)3.854 +E F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F1 -.63(``) +3.854 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F1 -.63(``)3.854 G(..).63 +E -.63('')-.55 G F0 1.354(must al)6.984 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.354(ys be).1 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(25)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .581 -(other matching conte)108 84 R .581 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .486(matched e)108 +84 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.986(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.236 G 2.986(ni).15 G(f) +-2.986 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dotglob)2.986 E F0 .485(is set.)2.986 F +.485(In other cases, the)5.485 F F1 -.63(``)2.985 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .485(character is not treated specially)5.485 F 5.485(.W)-.65 G +(hen)-5.485 E .114(matching a pathname, the slash character must al)108 +96 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .115 +(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .115(ut in)-.2 F .581 +(other matching conte)108 108 R .581 (xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) --.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 -G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.073(See the description of)4.573 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.573 E -F0(belo)2.573 E 2.573(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.573 E F1 .072(SHELL B)2.572 F -(UIL)-.09 E .072(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .072(for a description of the) -2.322 F F3(nocaseglob)108 108 Q F0(,)A F3(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F3 -(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F3(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13 -(shell v)2.38 F .131 +-.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 +G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 120 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +.072(See the description of)4.572 F F1(shopt)2.572 E F0(belo)2.572 E +2.572(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.572 E F2 .073(SHELL B)2.572 F(UIL)-.09 E .073 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .073(for a description of the)2.323 F F1 +(nocaseglob)108 132 Q F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 +148.8 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E -F1(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 136.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ -le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE) -4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G -1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F3 +F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F2 +(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE)108 160.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le \ +name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) +4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E(remo)108 172.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G +1.415(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F -1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 160.8 Q F0 .147 -(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F3 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F3 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 -172.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +1.414(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 184.8 Q F0 .146 +(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 +(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +196.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 184.8 R F3(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 196.8 Q -1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F -F3 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F3 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F2(.)A F0(The)108 -208.8 Q F3(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 220.8 Q F3 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3 -.1(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 254.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +-.25 F .682(enabling the)108 208.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 220.8 Q +1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F +F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 +(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F3(.)A F0(The)108 +232.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 244.8 Q F1 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 261.6 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 278.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 -(itself. The)108 266.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +(itself. The)108 290.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) 3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12 (wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 278.4 R .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 302.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 290.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 307.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 324 Q F0 .377(Matches an) -180 324 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 -(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 336 Q F3(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 314.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 348 Q F0 .376(Matches an) +180 348 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 360 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) --.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 +-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ - or more directories and subdirectories.)180 348 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 360 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G -(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 372 Q F0 -(Matches an)180 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 -([...])144 384 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 384 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 396 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 372 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 384 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G +(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 396 Q F0 +(Matches an)180 396 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +([...])144 408 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 408 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 420 R F4 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G -.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 -G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 420 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F3 -([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F3(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F3 -(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 432 R .895 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 444 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) -2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 456 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F3([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 468 R F3(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C -2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F3(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F32.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G +.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 +G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) +6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 444 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 +([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 +(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 456 R .894 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) +180 468 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 480 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 492 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F12.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 480 R(A)5.193 E F3(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 492 Q -.4(Wi)180 -510 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F3(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 -(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F3 -(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 522 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 534 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 546 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 558 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 -G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F3 -.1 -(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 570 Q -.4(Wi) -180 588 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F3(])4.536 E F0 4.536 -(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F3(=]) -A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 600 R -(the character)180 612 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 630 S(thin).4 E F3 -([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.)2.5 -E F4(symbol)A F3(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 646.8 R F3(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F3(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -658.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +180 504 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 516 Q -.4(Wi)180 +534 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch) +3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 546 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 558 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 570 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.289(Ac)180 582 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) +-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 +-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 594 Q -.4(Wi) +180 612 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 624 R +(the character)180 636 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 654 S(thin).4 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 +E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 670.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 +682.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F3(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 670.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 694.8 Q F4 -(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 706.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +108 694.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8) +150.675 E(26)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(*\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E -F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list) -.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 156 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 168 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 -184.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E +F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833 +E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 168 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15 +E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E +.969(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F +.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 196.8 R 1.23 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 220.8 R 1.23 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -208.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 225.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 -E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 237.6 R 1.112 +232.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 249.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 +E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.113 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 249.6 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 266.4 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 290.4 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 290.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 314.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 302.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ -the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 -(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 314.4 R -.15 +-.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ + the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 +(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 338.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -326.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 338.4 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 +350.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G +.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 355.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) -108 367.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) +108 391.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 379.2 -S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 391.2 Q -F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 -(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 403.2 R 1.238 -(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 -(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 415.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 432 R .283(wing description\ -s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ -r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 444 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 -3.012(,t)C .512 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 403.2 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 415.2 Q +F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F +1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo) +-.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor) +-.25 F(himself.)108 439.2 Q .283(In the follo)108 456 R .284(wing descr\ +iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\ +aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<) +3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 456 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 480 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 472.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 484.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 496.8 R -.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 496.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 520.8 R +.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 508.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 525.6 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 542.4 Q F1(>)2.5 +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 549.6 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 566.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 559.2 -Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 576 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 583.2 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 600 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 592.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 616.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 604.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 621.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 633.6 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +(output before the standard output w)108 628.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 657.6 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 645.6 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 662.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 674.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 669.6 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 698.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(27) +199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) +-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q +(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 +168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2 +108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 -R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 364.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 +R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +-.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 -.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 +.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q +-.15 F F12.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G +.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(28)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3695,7 +3701,7 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) --.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ +-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) 108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E @@ -3707,31 +3713,31 @@ F0(.).77 E 192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 (Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 (are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G @@ -3740,46 +3746,46 @@ C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q -F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 +F2(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S -1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .374(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) 108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q +568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q (The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R -(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) -4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) -3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F12.754 E +(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) +3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F12.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E -.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E +.965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1 +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(29)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3788,19 +3794,19 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 -(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 -(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) --3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 +(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) +-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 +(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 192 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 -(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 -2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 +(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 +2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3809,36 +3815,36 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 -E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 +E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 @@ -3853,58 +3859,58 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 (one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 530.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 530.4 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 (another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .613 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .612 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 590.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 590.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.467(As)108 648 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.468(As)108 648 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 660 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 660 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 +(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 708 R -F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F -.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 708 R +F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F +.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) -.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 -E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E +(30)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3914,111 +3920,111 @@ BP (All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25 (cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.215(these e)108 96 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(DEB)3.715 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 -E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 --.2(bu)3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 108 S -(IL).09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 +1.214(these e)108 96 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(DEB)3.714 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 +E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 108 S +(IL).09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E -.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar) -2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 132 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar)2.92 +E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F +F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 132 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .656 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .655 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E -3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 172.8 R .05 +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 172.8 R .051 (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) --.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F2(local) -2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G -(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ -hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 184.8 R 1.185(Local v) -6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 196.8 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 +-.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F2(local)2.55 E +F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55 +E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\ +luding the functions it calls\).)108 184.8 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F +(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 196.8 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155 (ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) --.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F -.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 -208.8 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ - to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 220.8 R .688 +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F +.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108 +208.8 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \ +to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 220.8 R .688 (ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 (When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 -(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .727 -(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727 -(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E -3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G -.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 261.6 R .007 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .726 +(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .726 +(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E +3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G +.727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 261.6 R .008 (ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) -108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 285.6 Q -2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) +108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 285.6 Q +2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) 108 297.6 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -314.4 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) -2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 -(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 -(references to)108 326.4 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 -F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) --2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) -2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +314.4 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F3(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F3(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 +(calls another function)2.724 F F3(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 +(references to)108 326.4 R F3(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 +F F3(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) +-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.963 E F0(from) +2.963 E F3(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 338.4 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 -(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 367.2 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 2.721(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ - unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ -func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .013 -(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 -(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 -(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) +-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \ +unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\ +unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .014 +(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v) 108 403.2 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F -3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567 (ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 415.2 Q -(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 --.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 +-.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 484.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 484.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 496.8 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 513.6 R F2 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 525.6 R F23.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.326(\214le and line number)108 537.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G -(he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 549.6 R -1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.798 E -F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F +.327(\214le and line number)108 537.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 549.6 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F23.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F (deleted using the)108 561.6 Q F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 -(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi) +(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi) 108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 @@ -4026,25 +4032,25 @@ E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 (The shell allo)108 631.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E F0 -(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.797 E F0 +(and)4.797 E F2(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 (iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) 2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 667.2 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F -(lo)108 679.2 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) -5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F +(lo)108 679.2 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) +5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(31)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4073,49 +4079,49 @@ F2(||)108 288 Q F0(logical OR)144 288 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2 F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G -1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.258 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.257 (when it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R 1.258 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he) --3.758 E F1(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.257 -(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.757 E 3.757<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.757 E F0(is) -3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +-3.758 E F1(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.258 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.758 E 3.758<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.758 E F0(is) +3.758 E .333(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) 2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 (As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q +2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q (xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 (Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 465.6 -R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 -(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) -2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 -501.6 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 -(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 -(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) -3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 +R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113 +(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) +2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 +501.6 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 +(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 +(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) +3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F (interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q -.234(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +.235(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F +2.755 E F2([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 @@ -4129,22 +4135,22 @@ R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) .589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 631.2 R .589 (vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 643.2 Q -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F1(n) +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.917(,t)C .417(hen \214le descriptor)-2.917 F F1(n) 2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 (\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.916 E(v/stdin) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 655.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 (/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 672 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +108 672 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 684 Q -1.095(When used with)108 702 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E -F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 -E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +1.096(When used with)108 702 R F2([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E +F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F2(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(32)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4206,10 +4212,10 @@ A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1108 408 Q F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 (optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1 -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 @@ -4220,12 +4226,12 @@ E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1108 108 516 Q F1108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 (string1)108 556.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 568.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .861 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .862 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 592.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 -.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 (string1)108 621.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 633.6 S (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 650.4 Q F1(<)2.5 @@ -4234,7 +4240,7 @@ F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(33)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4243,68 +4249,68 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 96 Q F0 .385 -(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 (\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 -(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E +(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.884 E (g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1(ar)144 -120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E(g2)-.37 E -F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G --2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.59 -(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0(command,) -144 132 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 E(g2)-.37 E F0 -.71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-) --.54 E(TION)144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 160.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 -(When a simple command is e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 -(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 184.8 Q(1.)108 201.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 201.6 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 -(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F +120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.59(,r)C(especti)-3.59 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) +-.65 E F1(Ar)7.1 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.59 E F1(ar)3.92 E(g2)-.37 E F0 +1.089(may be positi)3.61 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G -2.25 +-.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.589 +(gers. When)-.15 F 1.089(used with the)3.589 F F2([[)3.589 E F0 +(command,)144 132 Q F1(Ar)4.219 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.209 E F1(Ar)4.219 E +(g2)-.37 E F0 .71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71 +(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.21(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .71 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.21 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP) +72 160.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614(When a simple command is e)108 172.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .614(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613 +(wing e)-.25 F .613(xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F +(rections, from left to right.)108 184.8 Q(1.)108 201.6 Q 1.848(The w) +144 201.6 R 1.848(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 +F 1.849(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 230.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 230.4 R -1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -242.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 230.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 230.4 R +1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +242.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E (are the ar)144 254.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 271.2 Q (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 288 Q .716(The te)144 288 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 +108 288 Q .717(The te)144 288 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 300 R .339 +.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 300 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 312 Q .332 (If no command name results, the v)108 328.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 340.8 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 340.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 352.8 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 364.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 352.8 +R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 364.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 381.6 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 393.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 410.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -422.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 434.4 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +422.4 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 434.4 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 446.4 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 463.2 Q F0 -.547(After a command has been split into w)108 475.2 R .546 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 475.2 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 487.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -4315,53 +4321,52 @@ mpts to locate it.)108 504 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 528 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 544.8 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 -(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 556.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 544.8 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 +(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 556.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 -(search of the directories in)108 580.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .719 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F -.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 592.8 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 604.8 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 -(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 -(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 -(and the original command')108 616.8 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G -.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 -(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719 +(search of the directories in)108 580.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .72(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.) +2.969 F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell search\ +es for a de\214ned shell function named)108 592.8 R F2(command_not_f) +3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 604.8 Q F0 6.005(.I)C 3.505(ft)-6.005 G +1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006(eparate e)-3.506 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 +(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 +(and the original command')108 616.8 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G +.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 +(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F .263(tus of that subshell.)108 628.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 (xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 640.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) -108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 -(named program in a separate e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 +(named program in a separate e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 681.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 710.4 R F1 .678 -(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 710.4 R F1 .678 +(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 722.4 R .329 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 722.4 R .33 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 +(andle the script, with)-2.829 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8) +150.675 E(34)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4373,34 +4378,34 @@ R 1.219 -.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 96 S(IL) .09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 -(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 112.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ +(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) +108 112.8 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 124.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 124.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ - handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) -108 136.8 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 + handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv) +108 136.8 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 +(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 (interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 148.8 R -1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 160.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F4 10.95 +1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 +F(command ar)108 160.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F4 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 177.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 (The shell has an)108 189.6 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G (ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C -(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 206.4 Q 1.405 +(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 206.4 Q 1.406 (open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 206.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1 -(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 218.4 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 235.2 Q +1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1 +(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 218.4 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 235.2 Q (the current w)144 235.2 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 (ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E <83>108 252 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 252 Q F1 (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) -2.5 E<83>108 268.8 Q(current traps set by)144 268.8 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 285.6 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 285.6 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E +<83>108 285.6 Q .256(shell parameters that are set by v)144 285.6 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .257 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E (in the en)144 297.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 314.4 Q (shell functions de\214ned during e)144 314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G @@ -4412,79 +4417,79 @@ F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 <83>108 381.6 Q -.25(va)144 381.6 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 398.4 R -.427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 410.4 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .427(When a simple command other than a b)108 398.4 R +.426(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) +-2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 410.4 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 422.4 Q<83>108 439.2 Q 1.055(the shell')144 439.2 R -3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 422.4 Q<83>108 439.2 Q 1.056(the shell')144 439.2 R +3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) -3.556 F(mand)144 451.2 Q<83>108 468 Q(the current w)144 468 Q (orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 484.8 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -484.8 Q<83>108 501.6 Q .857(shell v)144 501.6 R .857 +484.8 Q<83>108 501.6 Q .856(shell v)144 501.6 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 (xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 513.6 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 530.4 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 530.4 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G -.307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 +-.4 E<83>108 530.4 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 530.4 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G +.306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 542.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 559.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 576 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 588 S .244(ubshell en)-2.744 -F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 600 R .358 +.2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 588 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 +F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.358(reset to the v)108 600 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 612 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 612 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 624 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 -(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -640.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 +640.8 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 652.8 R(not in)2.5 E F5(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404 -(If a command is follo)108 669.6 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 -.405(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G -.405(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 -(is the empty \214le)108 681.6 R F5(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198 -(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) -.1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) --2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F13.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) +108 652.8 R(not in)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405 +(If a command is follo)108 669.6 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 +.404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G +.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 +(is the empty \214le)108 681.6 R F5(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 +(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) +.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(35)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354 (When a program is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) .25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G -2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0A F2(value)A F0 +2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0A F2(value)A F0 (pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E -1.486(The shell pro)108 124.8 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985 -(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 +1.485(The shell pro)108 124.8 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985 +(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 (cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 136.8 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 148.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 148.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and) 2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203 -(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 +(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 160.8 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 (alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 172.8 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) @@ -4492,211 +4497,211 @@ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 196.8 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F3(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F3(declar)108 -208.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 -225.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command) -3.402 F F0 .563 +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 196.8 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F3(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F3(declar) +108 208.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +225.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command) +3.403 F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 237.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 237.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 249.6 Q +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 249.6 Q (vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 266.4 R F3 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 278.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 295.2 Q F3(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) --3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-.4 E(When)108 295.2 Q F3(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 307.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1 -(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 336 R .15 -(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 -F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 -(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 348 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 -(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 360 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G -.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 336 R +.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 348 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 360 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 372 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) -108 388.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 400.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 412.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +108 388.8 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) +-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 400.8 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 412.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 429.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 441.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 441.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 458.4 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 475.2 R .08 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 475.2 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 487.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 -(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 487.2 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +-.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 499.2 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F3(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 499.2 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F3(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 528 Q (xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -(SIGN)72 544.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 556.8 Q F3(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 -(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G -.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F3 .682(kill 0) -3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 568.8 Q .757 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F +(SIGN)72 544.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 556.8 Q F3(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 +(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G +.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F3 .683(kill 0) +3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 568.8 Q .758 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F F3(bash)108 580.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 (If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 597.6 Q 1.065 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -609.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 597.6 Q 1.064 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 +609.6 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 621.6 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 633.6 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 650.4 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 650.4 R 2.046 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 662.4 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 674.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 686.4 R F3(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 +F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 662.4 Q F0 +1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 674.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ +particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 686.4 R F3(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 (SIGHUP)108 698.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 715.2 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(36) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(36) +199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546 (aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046 (sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F -.662(will not be e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +.663(will not be e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 (via the)108 108 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F (return immediately with an e)108 120 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 -136.8 Q(OL)-.329 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 148.8 S 4.567(bc) -.25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti) -5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067(ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t) -C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.068 +136.8 Q(OL)-.329 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 148.8 S 4.568(bc) +.25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068(refers to the ability to selecti) +5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067(ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t) +C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.067 (cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 160.8 Q F3 -.37(re)C -(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 (cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) -.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 172.8 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 189.6 R F3(job) -5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 201.6 R F1 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. 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When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F3(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 213.6 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 230.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 247.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 259.2 R .732 +ociated)108 247.2 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 259.2 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 271.2 Q F3(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 288 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 -F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 300 R F3(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 271.2 Q F3(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 +(To f)108 288 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 +F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F .87 +(notion of a)108 300 R F3(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871 +(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 312 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E -(INT)108 324 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F3(for)3.846 E -.4(eg) --.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) --.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 -(group ID dif)108 336 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E +(INT)108 324 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F3(for)3.847 E -.4(eg) +-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac)6.927 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) +-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 F .146 +(group ID dif)108 336 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 348 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 (,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10 /Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. 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Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F3(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) 108 525.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 537.6 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 -E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 537.6 Q F1(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 +E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 +F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 (hand, refers to an)108 549.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 @@ -4705,86 +4710,87 @@ F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 (he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495 +-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 585.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 597.6 R F1 +(The)5.495 E F3(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 +(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 585.6 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 +5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E +.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 597.6 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 609.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 -(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 +-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 +(and the pre)108 609.6 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.911 E F0 +5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 621.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(rent job)108 621.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 638.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -650.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +650.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F (equi)108 662.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 +(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 715.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(37)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .032 -(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.532 -E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G -2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 96 R F1(shopt) -4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F -2.019(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -108 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .033 +(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.533 +E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G +2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 96 R F1 +(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +108 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 160.8 R F1 +(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645 +(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .645 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 +(will)3.144 E .428(return when the job changes state. 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an)B(empty)180 309.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -4807,10 +4813,10 @@ Q F0(the hostname)180 345.6 Q F1(\\j)144 357.6 Q F0 144 477.6 Q F0(the v)180 477.6 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 489.6 Q F0(the release of)180 489.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .116 -(the current w)180 501.6 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G -(ith)-2.616 E F3($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .115 +(the current w)180 501.6 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G +(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) 180 513.6 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 525.6 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 525.6 Q (orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0 @@ -4824,84 +4830,83 @@ F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 573.6 Q F4 (\\[)144 597.6 Q F0(be)180 597.6 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 609.6 Q F1(\\])144 621.6 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .12 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .119 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 638.4 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ -on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ -story \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 (belo)108 662.4 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 (cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 674.4 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 F(description of the)108 698.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(38)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .15 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 96 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209 -(is gi)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209 -(hell in)-3.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F23.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F2 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851 +108 96 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi) +108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in) +-3.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F23.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F2 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 132 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E -.762(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot) +(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E +.763(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot) -.8 G .763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.262 E (emacs)108 156 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 172.8 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 184.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 -(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R -(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 -(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) -108 208.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) -3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F -F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 --.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 -(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .599 -(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 -(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 -(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G -.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F -(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 -(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62 -(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G -(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619 -(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108 -261.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R +(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652 +(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke) +108 208.8 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G +2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 +E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 +H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 +H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) +108 261.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 302.4 R F4 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 302.4 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 314.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 314.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) @@ -4910,23 +4915,23 @@ F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) 108 338.4 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 355.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 -367.2 R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 379.2 R .196(en from the v) +367.2 R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 379.2 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 391.2 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 403.2 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) -6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +nd the k)108 391.2 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 403.2 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 (lines are ignored.)108 415.2 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 427.2 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 427.2 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 444 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15 +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 444 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15 (ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E (c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 456 Q @@ -4936,11 +4941,11 @@ G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 501.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 525.6 Q F4(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) 108 542.4 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 -(,).73 E F4(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 554.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 +(,).73 E F4(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 554.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4 (SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G (nd)-2.5 E F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 571.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 @@ -4951,53 +4956,53 @@ F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 612 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 624 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 +5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 624 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F -.264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 636 R +.263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 636 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F4 (Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 648 Q .16(When using the form)108 664.8 R -F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 -E F4(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 -(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-) -.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 676.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) -144 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 712.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 648 Q .161(When using the form)108 664.8 R +F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or) +2.661 E F4(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 +.16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16 +(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 676.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:) +-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E +(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 712.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8) +150.675 E(39)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .699(In the abo) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .698(In the abo) 108 84 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion) -108 96 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd) --2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F -.259(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) +108 96 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd) +-2.759 E F1(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F +.258(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) 108 108 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 124.8 R F2("k)2.556 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) -2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 124.8 R F2("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) +2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 136.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 148.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 148.8 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 160.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 184.8 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 196.8 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 225.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 225.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 237.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 237.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A @@ -5019,58 +5024,58 @@ F0(ne)180 403.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 415.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 (\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 463.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)180 463.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 480 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indi\ -cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 492 R .089 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 -F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) --.15 G(are e)108 504 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E -2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 520.8 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 -(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 --.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 532.8 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 492 R .09 +(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) +5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 504 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F +(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 520.8 Q F0(allo)2.929 E +.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 532.8 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F22.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 544.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(Readline V)87 561.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 573.6 +(Readline V)87 561.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 573.6 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 585.6 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 585.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 602.4 Q F1 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 619.2 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F (alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 (\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) -5.79 E .449(nized v)108 631.2 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +5.79 E .448(nized v)108 631.2 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 -(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) --.25 F(ti)108 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 (ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 -(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 +(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 (ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 655.2 S(lues are:) -.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 672 Q F0 .011 +.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 672 Q F0 .01 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 684 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F2(none)2.51 -E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 696 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F0 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 696 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A (readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 708 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(40)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .056(If set to)144 -96 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempts to bind the cont\ -rol characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F(ernel')-.1 E 2.555 -(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G +SF(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .055(If set to)144 +96 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline attempts to bind the cont\ +rol characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F(ernel')-.1 E 2.556 +(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1 (blink\255matching\255par)108 120 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to) 144 132 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 @@ -5079,62 +5084,62 @@ rol characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F(ernel')-.1 E 2.555 (parenthesis is inserted.)144 144 Q F1(color)108 156 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) 144 168 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ -dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 -(completions using a dif)144 180 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) --.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 192 Q F0 +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.936 +(completions using a dif)144 180 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 192 Q F0 (en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 204 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 -4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F -1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. 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This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 264 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) 108 276 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ -e matches when performing completion.)144 288 R .193(The v)144 300 R +e matches when performing completion.)144 288 R .194(The v)144 300 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F +screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 312 Q(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 324 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 360 R +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E (e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SFA F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 (nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 372 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 (completion\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.275 -(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 +ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.274 +(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 420 S(lue are replaced with an \ ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 -F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) --.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 468 R +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 468 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 492 Q F1(con)108 504 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) -3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) +3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F +144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F (e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 @@ -5143,29 +5148,29 @@ Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G -1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141 +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .142 (Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 (can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672 -R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G -.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .517(If the)144 672 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 (last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F -.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G -.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F -.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F +.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F +.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg +144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(41)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5173,19 +5178,19 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.222 +SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221 (When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 (paste into the editing b)144 108 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 (it had been read from the k)144 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 (When set to)144 156 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 168 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 180 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 @@ -5197,86 +5202,86 @@ G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 180 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 240 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 252 R F1(On) -3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 252 R F1(On) +3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .949 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .948 (Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) -2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.278 F -.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F -3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v) -3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) +2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.277 F +.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 +F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 +F(alue,)-.25 E (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 336 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 372 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 384 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 396 -Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ +Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) -144 432 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) +144 432 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 -(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 -(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1 +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 +(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1 (isear)108 456 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ ental search without subsequently e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.935(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2 +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 516 -R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 +108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +516 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 528 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 564 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) -.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 588 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 (alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 624 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 636 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.552 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H (equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 660 Q(ectories \(On\)) -.18 E F0(If set to)144 672 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) .15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 684 Q F0(If set to)144 696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 +(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(42)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5289,100 +5294,100 @@ SF(mark\255symlink)108 84 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .192(This v)144 132 R -.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .193(This v)144 132 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 144 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 156 Q F1 (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 168 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.585(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +1.586(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 -.507(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +.506(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 228 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 228 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E (f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On) -3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 -240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 264 +3.384 E F0 .884(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 +240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2 (mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F (tions at a time.)144 276 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 F(order)144 312 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 324 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .699(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +F0 .698(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 348 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 348 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 360 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 384 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 384 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 396 R(bell.)144 408 Q F1 -(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 444 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 444 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 456 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 456 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1 -(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 -(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1 +(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 +(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F (command, or vi insertion.)144 504 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E (-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 528 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 528 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 540 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 552 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 564 Q +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 564 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 576 Q F0 .517(If the)144 -588 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G -.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 576 Q F0 .518(If the)144 +588 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 600 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 -(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 612 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F -3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 624 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F -.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +144 600 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476 +(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E 1.236(is e)144 612 R 1.236(xpanded lik)-.15 F +3.736(eak)-.1 G 1.536 -.15(ey b)-3.836 H 1.236 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.235 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 624 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F +.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 636 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 648 Q F0 .517 -(If the)144 660 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 --.25(va)3.017 G .518 +144 636 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 648 Q F0 .518 +(If the)144 660 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.018 G .517 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -672 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) -5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 684 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F -4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93 -(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 696 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F -.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +672 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) +5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 684 S 1.93(panded lik).15 F 4.43 +(eak)-.1 G 2.23 -.15(ey b)-4.53 H 1.929 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.929 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 696 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F +.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg +144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(43)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5390,27 +5395,27 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 96 R F1(On) +SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 96 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 108 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 124.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 136.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 148.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 148.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.963 -E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F (or the application using readline.)144 189.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E (,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 201.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) -3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) +3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065(mode. 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If the minor v)B -.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A -1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve) -4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number) +-.15 F 3.972(,a)-.4 G 3.972(no)-3.972 G 1.472 +(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.972 F .767(optional minor v)180 384 R +.767(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.267 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B +.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.266 E F0(.)A +1.755(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve) +4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.756(and from the v)4.256 F 1.756(ersion number) -.15 F(ar)180 408 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 424.8 Q F0(The)180 436.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 448.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -460.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) +180 460.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F +.396(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8 +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 508.8 Q F0 (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 520.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) -.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 532.8 Q F1($endif)180 -544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E -F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.777 E +F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 585.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .13 -(the v)180 609.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F -.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .129 +(the v)180 609.6 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 +F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F (tested. Boolean v)180 621.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) -.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 638.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) @@ -5477,74 +5482,74 @@ or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .13 (command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 655.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) 144 655.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 672 -Q F0 .356(This directi)144 684 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +Q F0 .357(This directi)144 684 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 696 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 ($include)144 720 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(44)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 96 R .835 +SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 96 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(incr)2.51 E(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F3(non-incr)2.5 E(emental) --.37 E F0(.).51 E .697(Incremental searches be)108 124.8 R .697 +-.37 E F0(.).51 E .698(Incremental searches be)108 124.8 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 136.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 148.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 +5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 (acters present in the v)108 160.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 172.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 184.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 -(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 196.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +F .096(mental search.)108 184.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 +(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 196.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) 108 213.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 225.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 237.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 +(search backw)108 225.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 237.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 249.6 R F3(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 261.6 -Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 278.4 -R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) --3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 290.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E +.54(instance, a)108 249.6 R F3(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 +261.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 +278.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 290.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 307.2 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 319.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 336 Q F0 1.391 +rent line.)108 319.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 336 Q F0 1.392 (The follo)108 348 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 360 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 372 Q F3(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F3(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 384 Q F0 2.5 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 360 R .121 +(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 372 Q F3(point)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F3(mark)3.411 +E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db) +.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 384 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 @@ -5556,9 +5561,9 @@ E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 412.8 Q F0(Mo)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 484.8 Q F0(Mo)144 496.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) -.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 508.8 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 532.8 Q F1(backward\255w)108 544.8 Q (ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 556.8 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 @@ -5568,26 +5573,26 @@ Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 592.8 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) -.8 F(ters.)144 604.8 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F +(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F (metacharacters.)144 640.8 Q F1(pr)108 652.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G -(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 664.8 R -1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 -(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89 +(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .89(Attempt to mo)144 664.8 R +1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 +(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .891(vious ph)-.25 F .891 (ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 676.8 R 1.17 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G 3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 688.8 Q(ysical line or \ if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\ -idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 700.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 -(Attempt to mo)144 712.8 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 -(oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F -.637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha) +idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 700.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .637 +(Attempt to mo)144 712.8 R .937 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .637 +(oint to the same ph).15 F .638(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F +.638(xt ph)-.15 F .638(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .009(will not ha) 144 724.8 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 (fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G -2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .008(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(45)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5603,10 +5608,10 @@ SF(clear\255scr)108 108 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 (current line without clearing the screen.)144 132 Q F1 -.18(re)108 144 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 156 Q F1(Commands f)87 172.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 184.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 196.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 184.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 196.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 (according to the state of the)144 208.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -5622,58 +5627,58 @@ E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 (re v)108 328.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 340.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +1.47(Search backw)144 340.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 352.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 364.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 376.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 376.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) -.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 388.8 Q F1 (non\255incr)108 400.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) 144 412.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 424.8 S (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 436.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 448.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 448.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 460.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 472.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 484.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 484.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the point.)144 496.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 508.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +(history\255sear)108 508.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) 144 520.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 532.8 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 544.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 556.8 R .951 -(ard through the history for the string of characters between the start\ - of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the) -144 568.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B -.007(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F -2.5(line. This)144 580.8 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +108 544.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 556.8 R .951(\ +ard through the history for the string of characters between the start \ +of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 +568.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .006(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +(line. This)144 580.8 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 (history\255substring\255sear)108 592.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E -F0 .249(Search forw)144 604.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\ -ring of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 -(and the point.)144 616.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) -5.319 F(search.)144 628.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 640.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 +F0 .248(Search forw)144 604.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\ +ring of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 +(and the point.)144 616.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) +5.318 F(search.)144 628.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 640.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 652.8 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 -664.8 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.294 E F0 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 +664.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.294 E F0 3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 676.8 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 676.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 688.8 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 688.8 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 700.8 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(46)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(46)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5681,56 +5686,56 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yank\255last\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F --1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308(Insert the last ar)144 96 R 1.308 -(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307 -(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 108 -S .203(th a numeric ar).4 F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 +-1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307(Insert the last ar)144 96 R 1.307 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308 +(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 108 +S .204(th a numeric ar).4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 -5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1 -(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 120 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 +5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1 +(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 120 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 132 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 144 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 132 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 144 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 156 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 168 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 180 Q F0 .623 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 180 Q F0 .622 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 192 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 204 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 216 Q F0 .938 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 216 Q F0 .939 (Perform history e)144 228 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 252 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F2 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 252 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 (belo)144 276 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 300 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 300 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 324 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 336 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 348 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 360 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .947 (Accept the current line for e)144 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 +(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F .729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) -.18 F(the current line.)144 408 Q F1 @@ -5743,93 +5748,93 @@ H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 460.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 472.8 -Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 +Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 (The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 484.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 +(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 496.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 508.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .441 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .442 (Delete the character at point.)144 532.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 556.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R +108 556.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 616.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 640.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 (tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 (Insert a tab character)144 676.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 688.8 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(47)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .321 +SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .322 (Drag the character before point forw)144 96 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 108 -R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 +R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 120 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -144 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +144 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 156 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 168 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 204 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.648 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 240 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 264 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 276 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 300 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 --.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 -F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 324 R -.15(ove)3.969 G -1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E -F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 336 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q -(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -364.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 300 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 +(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) +-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1 +(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G +1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G +(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 +324 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 +(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 +(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 336 R .958 +(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 +(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 +F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q(By def)5 E +(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 364.8 Q +(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 +388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 400.8 Q F0(Kill backw) 144 412.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 436.8 @@ -5837,38 +5842,38 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 448.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 496.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 508.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 520.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 532.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8 -R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8 +R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) 108 568.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 580.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 592.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 604.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) 144 652.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 676.8 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 688.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 700.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 712.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(48) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(48) +199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5878,14 +5883,14 @@ BP SF(copy\255r)108 84 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 2.5(yt) -.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1(copy\255backward\255w)108 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 120 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3 +(Cop)144 120 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301 (ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 -G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008 -(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 -F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G +G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-) +4.8 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007 +(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 +F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G (ward\255w)144 168 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 180 Q F0 -1 (Ya)144 192 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E (fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 204 Q F0 @@ -5896,36 +5901,36 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 232.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 256.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 268.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 280.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 304.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 316.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 340.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 352.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 352.8 R .823 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 364.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 381.6 Q(complete \(T)108 393.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 405.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 429.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 429.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 441.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 453.6 Q F0 @@ -5933,19 +5938,19 @@ E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 477.6 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 489.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -525.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 +501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +525.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +1.194(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 549.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 561.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 573.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 @@ -5961,7 +5966,7 @@ E(through the list.)144 585.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 633.6 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 645.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15 +2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 (his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 669.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 @@ -5970,7 +5975,7 @@ F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 633.6 Q F0 .234 -.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 705.6 Q F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(49)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(49)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5994,10 +5999,10 @@ SF(complete\255user)108 84 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 204 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .58 (Attempt completion on the te)144 240 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 264 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -6005,14 +6010,14 @@ SF(complete\255user)108 84 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 276 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 (Attempt completion on the te)144 312 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 324 Q F1(dab)108 336 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 348 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 360 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 372 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -6028,26 +6033,26 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 537.6 Q -.18(re)108 549.6 S.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 -(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.248 +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 +(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.249 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 597.6 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 (bell\255style)144 609.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 621.6 Q(wer)-.1 E (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x) -4.239 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x) +4.238 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 F(meta\214ed lo)144 645.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G (he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) 2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 657.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 @@ -6060,7 +6065,7 @@ SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F (return the line to its initial state.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(50)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6073,60 +6078,61 @@ SF(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 84 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 96 Q (Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144 -144 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +144 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) 144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 180 S -.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 180 S +.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 216 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 216 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.826 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.827 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 264 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 264 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) --.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .245 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 +(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 (the characters at the be)144 348 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .84 -(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .839 +(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 408 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 420 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 420 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 432 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 456 R .176 +-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 456 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 468 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -6139,35 +6145,35 @@ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) .872(the line is redra)144 516 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 564 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 576 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 600 R .304 +1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 600 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 612 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 624 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 636 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 648 Q +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 624 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 636 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 648 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 660 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 672 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 684 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 700.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 700.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 712.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 724.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 724.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(51)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6175,189 +6181,189 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (programmable completion f)108 84 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 -100.8 R .497(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +-.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 +100.8 R .498(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 112.8 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.733 E F0 .233(option to)2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F -.233(If a comp-)5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, \ +.234(If a comp-)5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, \ the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions)108 -124.8 R .823(for the w)108 136.8 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823 -(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the \ -full pathname is searched for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 148.8 R .367(\ +124.8 R .822(for the w)108 136.8 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822 +(the command w)3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the \ +full pathname is searched for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 148.8 R .366(\ no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214n\ -d a compspec for the portion)2.866 F(follo)108 160.8 Q .299 +d a compspec for the portion)2.867 F(follo)108 160.8 Q .298 (wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F12.798 E F0(option to) +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 +G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F12.799 E F0(option to) 108 172.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ matching w)108 189.6 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 (ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 201.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 218.4 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 230.4 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 230.4 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 242.4 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 259.2 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S -.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 -(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 283.2 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 300 Q .321 -(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -312 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 300 Q .32 +(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F F1 +2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 312 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 324 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 336 +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 324 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 336 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) .15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396 (The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 348 Q -.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +.509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209(rd Splitting) +.75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 360 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 376.8 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 388.8 R -.2 +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 376.8 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E +F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 388.8 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 400.8 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -412.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2 +(COMP_KEY)108 400.8 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +412.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 424.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 436.8 R .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) --2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 448.8 -R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 460.8 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 424.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 436.8 R .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) +-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 448.8 +R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 460.8 R +.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1 -(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1 +(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 513.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 530.4 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F12.58 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) --2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 542.4 -R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ -d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -554.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +E(Ne)108 530.4 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) +-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 542.4 R +.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ +output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +554.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 571.2 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 583.2 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 595.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 583.2 R +.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 +(the w)108 595.2 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 607.2 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 607.2 +R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 631.2 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 631.2 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -648 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F +648 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F13.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1 3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion c\ -ode as the list of possible completions.)108 660 Q .246(If the pre)108 +ode as the list of possible completions.)108 660 Q .247(If the pre)108 676.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym) -.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names) --.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete) +-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete) 108 688.8 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 705.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 705.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 717.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(52)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .559(By def)108 84 -R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.059 -(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 96 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 108 R .558 -(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 -F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 120 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .56(By def)108 84 +R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri) +.15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 96 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 E +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 108 R .559 +(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 120 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 132 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 132 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 144 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ -d, the programmable completion func-)108 160.8 R .632(tions force readl\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 160.8 R .633(tions force readl\ ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ -rectories, subject)108 172.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 184.8 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 196.8 +rectories, subject)108 172.8 R 2.761(to the v)108 184.8 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 196.8 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -213.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +213.6 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 (tion with a def)108 225.6 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ uld be retried by returning an e)108 237.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 249.6 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 261.6 R .666 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 249.6 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 261.6 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 273.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 285.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F +.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 285.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 302.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +E -.15(Fo)108 302.4 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 314.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 @@ -6366,200 +6372,200 @@ E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 331.2 Q({)108 343.2 Q 6 (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 367.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 379.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 408 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 420 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 432 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 444 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 -(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +.371(When the)108 420 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 +(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 +(the list of commands pre)108 432 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .429(mands to sa)108 444 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 +(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 456 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 468 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 480 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 480 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 496.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +108 496.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 508.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 520.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 520.8 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 532.8 S +.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 532.8 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 544.8 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 544.8 Q 1.605 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 -(stamps for the follo)108 556.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 +(stamps for the follo)108 556.8 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 568.8 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 --.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 568.8 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E +F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 580.8 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A -F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108 -592.8 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 +(copied from the history list to)108 580.8 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F1(shopt)108 +592.8 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 604.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) -.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ - unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 616.8 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +.196(history \214le is o)108 604.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 +(If the)108 616.8 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 628.8 R -3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 -(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 +F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 628.8 R +3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 +(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 640.8 -R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G -1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G +1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 (truncated to contain no more than)108 652.8 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 664.8 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 681.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 693.6 R -(The)5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 +(The b)108 681.6 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) +2.799 E F5 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 693.6 R +(The)5.471 E F1(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 705.6 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 717.6 Q +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 717.6 Q (vide access to the history list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(53)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.486 -(The shell allo)108 84 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.485 +(The shell allo)108 84 R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986 (rw).15 G 1.486(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 -G 3.986(nt)-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E/F1 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.985 E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1 -(HISTIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457 -(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o)-.2 H -.458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E/F2 10 +G 3.986(nt)-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.986 E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F1 +(HISTIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G .458 +(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o)-.2 H +.457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(cmdhist)108 108 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 120 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 132 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -.374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 144 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 132 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +.374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 144 R F2(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 156 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 172.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G -(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 +(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 184.8 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F -.61(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 -F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 196.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G -3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 208.8 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +.611(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section) +-5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 196.8 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F +.87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 208.8 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 220.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 237.6 R 1.305 +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 237.6 R 1.306 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 249.6 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 249.6 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 278.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 290.4 S .252 +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 290.4 S .251 (rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .145 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .146 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 314.4 R .766 -(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 326.4 R/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 314.4 R .767 +(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 326.4 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F4(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F4(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) --.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 338.4 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F -.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) --.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 350.4 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F4(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 338.4 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F +.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f) +-.1 F .539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 350.4 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) --.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 362.4 R .355 +-.1 F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 362.4 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) -3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 -374.4 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) +3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 +374.4 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 386.4 R (string.)108 398.4 Q(Se)108 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 427.2 T -3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 456 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 468 R F2 +(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 468 R F2 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 480 R -5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F -1.516(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 -(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 480 R 5.46 +(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 +(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 +(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F +(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 +(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 (shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 516 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F23.661 E F0 1.161 -(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F23.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 (iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 528 S -.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F22.555 E -F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 +.056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F22.556 E +F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G .055 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 556.8 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -568.8 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 +568.8 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F (mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 580.8 Q F2 -(Ev)87 597.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 609.6 R -.15(ve) +(Ev)87 597.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 609.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) + history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) 108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 (ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 638.4 -Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 638.4 R 1.607 +Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 638.4 R 1.608 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F (\(when the)144 650.4 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 662.4 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 @@ -6569,7 +6575,7 @@ Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 638.4 R 1.607 (This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 698.4 Q F4(string) A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ on in the history list starting with)144 698.4 R F4(string)144 710.4 Q -F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg +F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(54)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6583,42 +6589,42 @@ ry list containing)144 96 R F2(string)144 108 Q F0 5(.T).22 G (he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12 /Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 125 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3 -(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F -.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E -F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F +.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E +F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 144 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 (string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 (belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 156 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)144 156 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.313 +(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 -(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 196.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 +(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.529(from the w)108 196.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 208.8 R 1.3 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 220.8 Q +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 208.8 R 1.301 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 220.8 Q F1 2.5(0\()108 237.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 249.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2(n)108.36 261.6 Q F0(The)144 261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 273.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 273.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 285.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 285.6 -R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 285.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 285.6 +R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 297.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 297.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 309.6 Q F0(The w)144 309.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) -.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 321.6 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 321.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C (bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 333.6 Q F0 -.315(All of the w)144 333.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +.316(All of the w)144 333.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 357.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 357.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 <78ad>108 369.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 369.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 @@ -6626,9 +6632,9 @@ F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 (ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 386.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .184 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 +(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 427.2 Q F1(h)108 444 Q F0(Remo)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) @@ -6645,52 +6651,52 @@ E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 504 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)144 516 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 528 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A -F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 552 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 552 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 F .666(be quoted in)144 564 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If) -5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 -(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) --2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If) +5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn) +-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 588 Q F2(string)2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) 108 600 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 600 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 612 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 -(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 +108 612 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 636 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A F1(G)108 660 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 660 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt line.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 676.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8 +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ receded by)-.2 F F1108 700.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F13.077 E F0 .577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 712.8 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 712.8 R F1 2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 724.8 R .26 -(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F12.76 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.76 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 -(ut are not)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(55)193.45 +2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 724.8 R .261 +(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F12.761 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.761 F F12.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 +(ut are not)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(55)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6703,10 +6709,10 @@ BP 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F13.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 126 R -.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F -(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) -3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 126 R +.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) +3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 138 R(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 154.8 Q F2(\214lename) 6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 166.8 Q(ce) -.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 @@ -6719,67 +6725,67 @@ Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E .608(names in)144 202.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 214.8 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +-5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 214.8 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 (\214le is found in)144 226.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 -238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 +238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F (y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) -3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F14.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) +3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 -(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 +(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 (restored around the call to)144 274.8 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 (cutes. If).15 F F12.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 (not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 286.8 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 (completes. The)144 298.8 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 (xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 310.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E F2(name)144 351.6 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 (tution when the alias is e)144 375.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 399.6 Q F1(bg)108 416.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -428.4 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 440.4 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +428.4 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 440.4 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 (when job control is disabled or)144 452.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(bind)108 481.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 @@ -6792,28 +6798,28 @@ G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F -.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F +.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 589.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 -601.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 613.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 625.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +601.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 613.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 625.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.114 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G +(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A -(ve)-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 649.2 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 649.2 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 (emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 661.2 Q F0 (List the names of all)180 661.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 @@ -6826,7 +6832,7 @@ Q F0(List current)180 685.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) -.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 709.2 S 2.5(yt).1 G (hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(56)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(56)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6853,122 +6859,122 @@ F0(.)A F1144 216 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 (shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 228 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 240 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 240 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 (riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 252 S(adline).18 E -F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 -264 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 +264 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 276 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 276 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 288 -Q F0 .83(List all k)180 288 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +Q F0 .829(List all k)180 288 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 300 Q(The return v) 144 316.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. 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The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 (bu)108 386.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -410.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +410.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 422.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 434.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 475.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). 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If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.202 E -F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 160.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 160.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 172.8 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F3 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 184.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F -.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F F2144 196.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F3(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +5.4 E .175(either the)144 172.8 R F22.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2 +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F3(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F22.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 184.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F2 +144 196.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F22.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F22.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F3(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3 -(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S +(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 (compgen)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 261.6 R +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 261.6 R F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 273.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 273.6 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 285.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F22.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) -2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 285.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F2 +2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 321.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ @@ -7021,134 +7027,141 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 369.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C -F2-3.728 E F3(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E -F0 3.728(][)C F2-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2 --3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F3(wor)3.729 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2-3.729 E F3(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 -398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 410.4 Q -F2A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 -422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 -446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) -144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3 -(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E -F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.405 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.405(][)C +F2-3.405 E F3(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404 +E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F3(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2 +-3.404 E F3(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F3(wor) +3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F3(func-)3.404 E +(tion)108 398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) +144 410.4 Q F2A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3 +(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78> +-.18 E F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2 +(complete \255pr)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 +(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G +-.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.133 E F0 .633 +(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F23.134 E F0 +.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) +144 446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.347 E -F23.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) +F23.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) 3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F23.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 (the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.437 +(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F 1.374 +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 R(The)6.373 E F23.873 E +F0 1.373(option indicates that the remaining options and actions)3.873 F +1.334(should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment w)144 +530.4 R 1.335(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .431 +(delimiter such as)144 542.4 R F2(;)2.931 E F0(or)2.931 E F2(|)2.931 E +F0 2.931(,w)C .431(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.931 F .43 +(If multiple options are sup-)5.43 F(plied, the)144 554.4 Q F22.5 +E F0(option tak)2.5 E(es precedence o)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 +2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd both tak)-2.5 E 2.5(ep)-.1 G(recedence of) +-2.5 E F22.5 E F0(.)A 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -542.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +578.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +590.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 614.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 (guments to the)-.18 F F23.055 E F0(,)A F23.055 E F0 3.055 (,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F23.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F23.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +144 626.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F23.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F23.222 E F0 .723 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 602.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 614.4 Q -F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(sion before the)144 638.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 650.4 Q +F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 662.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 674.4 Q F3 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 686.4 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 698.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.376 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 -(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(58)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ -e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ -es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134 -(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) -184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 +SF(default)184 84 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 84 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) +-5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) +-.1 F(matches.)224 96 Q F1(dir)184 108 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direct\ +ory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 120 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 132 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 144 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 156 R 2.634 +(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F +.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 168 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 180 Q F1(noquote) +184 192 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 192 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S +(\214lenames is the def)224 204 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 216 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 216 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 228 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 240 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 252 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 252 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 -Q F1144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 264 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 276 +Q F1144 288 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 300 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 300 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 312 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 324 Q(Readline)224 324 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 336 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 336 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 348 -Q F0(Command names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 372 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 384 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 396 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 408 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -420 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 420 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -432 Q F0(Names of e)224 432 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +312 Q F0(Alias names.)224 312 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 324 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 336 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 348 Q(Readline)224 348 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 360 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 360 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 372 +Q F0(Command names.)224 384 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 396 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 408 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 420 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 432 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +444 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 444 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +456 Q F0(Names of e)224 456 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -444 Q F0(File names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 456 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 468 -Q F1(gr)184 480 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 480 Q +468 Q F0(File names.)224 468 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 480 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 492 +Q F1(gr)184 504 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 504 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -492 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 504 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 516 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 528 +516 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 528 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 540 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 552 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 540 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 552 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 564 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 564 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 564 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 576 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 588 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -576 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 576 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 588 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 588 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 600 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 600 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 +600 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 600 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 612 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 612 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 624 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 624 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 612 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 612 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 624 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 624 Q F1(stopped)184 636 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 648 Q F0(User names.)224 648 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 672 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(shopt)184 636 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 636 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 648 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 648 Q F1(stopped)184 660 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 660 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 672 Q F0(User names.)224 672 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 684 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 684 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 696 Q F2 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 708 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg +184 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(59)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7214,9 +7227,9 @@ Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 336 Q F0 .456 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F1(compopt)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 (completion if no)144 453.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 (re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) @@ -7232,2398 +7245,2416 @@ F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 501.6 R 2.178 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F14.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 513.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 537.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 513.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.038 F(The)144 525.6 Q F13.317 E F0 .817(option indicates that \ +the remaining options should apply to completion on the inital non-) +3.317 F .867(assignment w)144 537.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 549.6 Q 1.388(The return v)144 573.6 +R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 549.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 585.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 566.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 578.4 R 1.754 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 602.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 614.4 R 1.753 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 590.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 626.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F5 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 602.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 614.4 Q F1(declar)108 631.2 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 638.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 650.4 Q F1(declar)108 667.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(typeset)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 655.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 691.2 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 667.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 679.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F12.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 691.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 703.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F13.682 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -715.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -727.2 R(The)6.29 E F13.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ -of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 703.2 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 715.2 Q F2(name)2.775 E +F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F12.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F12.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) +2.774 F(without)144 727.2 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(60)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .948 -(name and attrib)144 84 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the)5.948 -F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(attrib)144 84 Q +1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F 1.181 +(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +3.681 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62 +(will display the attrib)144 96 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62 +(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.12 E F0 +.62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.) +144 108 R(The)6.291 E F13.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the disp\ +lay of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(name and attrib)144 120 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.19 E F0 1.69 +132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.19 E F0 1.69 (is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F14.19 E F0 -(option)4.19 E(implies)144 108 Q F13.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 -E F13.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 +(option)4.19 E(implies)144 144 Q F13.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 +E F13.891 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 120 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 -(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 132 R -.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 144 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -144 156 Q F0(Each)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 156 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 +(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F +(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 168 R +.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F +1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 180 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 +144 192 Q F0(Each)180 192 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 168 Q F0(Each)180 -168 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) +E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 204 Q F0(Each)180 +204 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) .15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(\).).15 E F1144 180 Q F0(Use function names only)180 180 Q(.)-.65 -E F1144 192 Q F0 .557(The v)180 192 R .558 +(\).).15 E F1144 216 Q F0(Use function names only)180 216 Q(.)-.65 +E F1144 228 Q F0 .558(The v)180 228 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 204 Q F0(abo)2.25 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 240 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 216 Q F0 .91 -(When the v)180 216 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 252 Q F0 .909 +(When the v)180 252 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 228 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 240 Q -F0(Gi)180 240 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) -3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 264 R(upper) +2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 276 Q F0(Gi) +180 276 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0(the)3.82 E +F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.519(That other v)180 252 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F -1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 264 Q .226 +1.518(That other v)180 288 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F +1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 300 Q .227 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F12.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 276 R -.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 288 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 300 Q F0 -(Mak)180 300 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E -7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 312 -Q F1144 324 Q F0(Gi)180 324 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 312 R +.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 324 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 336 Q F0 +(Mak)180 336 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E +7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F +2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 348 +Q F1144 360 Q F0(Gi)180 360 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 336 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 348 -Q F0 .909(When the v)180 348 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 372 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 384 +Q F0 .91(When the v)180 384 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 360 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 372 Q -F0(Mark)180 372 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 388.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 -(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 -(to destro)144 400.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) --3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 412.8 Q F1 +(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 396 R(lo) +2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 +408 Q F0(Mark)180 408 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 424.8 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 +(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F +.645(to destro)144 436.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) +-3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 +(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 448.8 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 -(is supplied.)144 424.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F12.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 460.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 -(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 -436.8 R F13.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F13.427 E F0 .926 -(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 448.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 +472.8 R F13.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F13.426 E F0 .927 +(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 484.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C -2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 -472.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 +144 496.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C +2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 +508.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 520.8 R F1 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .171 +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 532.8 S .172 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa) +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 544.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 556.8 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 537.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .328 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 573.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 585.6 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 597.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 609.6 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 585.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 597.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 597.6 Q -F1144 609.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 609.6 R .881 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 621.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 633.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 633.6 Q +F1144 645.6 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 645.6 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -621.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 633.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 633.6 Q F1 -144 645.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 645.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 657.6 Q F1(+)144 669.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 669.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q F1144 693.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 693.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 705.6 Q 1.707(The return v)144 -722.4 R 1.707(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.206 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.206(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.206 G 1.706(ond the end of the).15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +657.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 669.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 669.6 Q F1 +144 681.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 681.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 693.6 Q F1(+)144 705.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 705.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(61)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(directory stack.) -144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 100.8 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -112.8 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2 -(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j) --.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 -(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 124.8 R F12.596 -E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F12.596 E F0 .096 -(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 -.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F12.596 E F0 .096 -(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec) -145.74 136.8 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G -.585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 148.8 R -.15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 84 +R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q .257(The return v)144 +112.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 124.8 Q F1(diso)108 141.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 153.6 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 165.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 177.6 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 189.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 160.8 R F1 -3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 172.8 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 201.6 R F1 +3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 213.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 201.6 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F1(echo)108 230.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 242.4 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 213.6 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -225.6 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F13.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 -(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -249.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 -F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 261.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F13.216 E F0 .716 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 273.6 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 285.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 285.6 Q F1(\\b)144 297.6 Q F0 -(backspace)180 297.6 Q F1(\\c)144 309.6 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -309.6 Q F1(\\e)144 321.6 Q(\\E)144 333.6 Q F0(an escape character)180 -333.6 Q F1(\\f)144 345.6 Q F0(form feed)180 345.6 Q F1(\\n)144 357.6 Q -F0(ne)180 357.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 369.6 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 369.6 Q F1(\\t)144 381.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -381.6 Q F1(\\v)144 393.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 393.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 405.6 Q F0(backslash)180 405.6 Q F1(\\0)144 417.6 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 417.6 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 254.4 R(If)5.308 E F12.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F12.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 +266.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F13.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 +(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +290.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 +F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 +(these escape characters by def)144 302.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F13.216 E F0 .715 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 314.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 326.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 326.4 Q F1(\\b)144 338.4 Q F0 +(backspace)180 338.4 Q F1(\\c)144 350.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +350.4 Q F1(\\e)144 362.4 Q(\\E)144 374.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 +374.4 Q F1(\\f)144 386.4 Q F0(form feed)180 386.4 Q F1(\\n)144 398.4 Q +F0(ne)180 398.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 410.4 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 410.4 Q F1(\\t)144 422.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +422.4 Q F1(\\v)144 434.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 434.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 446.4 Q F0(backslash)180 446.4 Q F1(\\0)144 458.4 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 458.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 429.6 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 429.6 Q +(\\x)144 470.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 470.4 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 441.6 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 453.6 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 465.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 477.6 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 489.6 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 501.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 518.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C +(\\u)144 482.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 494.4 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 506.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 518.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 530.4 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 542.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 530.4 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 571.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 542.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 583.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 554.4 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 566.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 595.2 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 +(abled; otherwise,)144 607.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 578.4 R .081(uiltin v) --.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) -2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 590.4 S 1.524 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 619.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 +F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F +F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081 +(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 631.2 S 1.525 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 602.4 Q F1 -2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) --5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 614.4 R F1 -2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 643.2 Q F1 +2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) +-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 655.2 R F1 +2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -626.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 638.4 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 650.4 R F12.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 662.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -674.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 691.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 703.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C -.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 715.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 727.2 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +667.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 679.2 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 +(enabled. If)144 691.2 R F12.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F +(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 703.2 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(62)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 108 R .176(guments to) --.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 -2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F -F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E -(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 .499 -(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e) -3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 84 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 96 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17 +(sa)C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.) +-3.17 F .671(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 108 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 120 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 148.8 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 160.8 R .177 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 172.8 R .499(gument passed to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 +(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 184.8 Q F0 .639(to be e) +3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077 -(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F -(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576 -(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1 -(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) --2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 196.8 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 208.8 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F +.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 220.8 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 232.8 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) +-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 244.8 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .096(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 261.6 R .095(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 273.6 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 261.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 302.4 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 314.4 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1 -2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 326.4 R(the)2.626 E F1 +2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 -(n, or if the).15 F F1144 285.6 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.548 E F0 -.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.447 +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 +(n, or if the).15 F F1144 338.4 Q F0 .048 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F12.547 E F0 +.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 350.4 S 1.446 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .741(lue of the v) -.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 -(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 +-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 362.4 S .742(lue of the v) +.25 F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) +.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 374.4 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 +(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F12.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 +(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 386.4 Q F1(fc)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 427.2 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 +439.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19 -(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .19 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 -E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +144 451.2 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) +-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .189 +(is used as an of)144 463.2 R .189 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.189 E F2(last)2.78 +E F0 .19(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.37 F(-)-.2 E .949 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 475.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 487.2 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4 +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 511.2 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the) +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 523.2 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E -F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.334(the editor gi)144 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E +F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 494.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E -F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 -F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 -(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 506.4 R .951 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 542.4 R +F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 547.2 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 +E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) +-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 +(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 559.2 R .95 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F +-.15(exe)144 571.2 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 595.2 R F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> -2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.165 -(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 +E(mand)144 607.2 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> +2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F4 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F +F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 619.2 Q F4 7.166 +(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 631.2 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +655.2 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 667.2 R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q +691.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 703.2 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(ailure.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(63)199.835 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring name)2.5 E F0([) -2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 +SF(fg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(])A +(Resume)144 96 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 108 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G .617 +(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 120 Q .362 +(ground, or f)-.15 F .362(ailure if run when job control is disabled or) +-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F +F2(jobspec)145.74 132 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E +(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(getopts)108 148.8 Q F2 +(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 +160.8 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 172.8 R .15 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 184.8 Q .579 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 196.8 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G -.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 +(option in the shell v)144 208.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 +3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 220.8 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) -4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(or a shell script is in)144 232.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 -.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 +(into the v)144 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 256.8 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q -2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 268.8 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 292.8 R F1(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 304.8 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 -276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166 -(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 -(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324 -R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 328.8 Q F0 2.393 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F2(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 +340.8 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 364.8 Q F0 1.165 +(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 +(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 +(reporting is used.)144 376.8 R 1.071 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 388.8 +R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) -.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .666(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 -(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 -384 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) --.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() -3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 -(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 -E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) -5.234 E F1(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1 -(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 -E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 -E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 +(will be displayed, e)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0 +(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 424.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 +(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) +3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 +436.8 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 +E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 448.8 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +472.8 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.741 +(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F2(name)144 484.8 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 496.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 +(getopts)144 520.8 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 532.8 Q F1(hash)108 +549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 561.6 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 573.6 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 520.8 -R F12.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 585.6 +R F12.742 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 +(of the command.)144 597.6 R(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 609.6 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F13.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) -3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -568.8 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 +3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 621.6 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F +F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +633.6 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 .795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F12.822 E F0 .322 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +645.6 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 657.6 Q F12.821 E F0 .321 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F +.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 669.6 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -645.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 -144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 669.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 681.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 693.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 693.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.25 E F1(help)108 686.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +698.4 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +710.4 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 722.4 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(64)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) -108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -(history \255d)108 120 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 156 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 168 S .752 +SF144 84 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0 +(Display the description of each)180 96 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 +(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 108 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E +F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 124.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 141.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 153.6 Q(history \255d)108 165.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 177.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 201.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 213.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +225.6 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 237.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 -(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 204 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 249.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 +(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 261.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 216 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 273.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 228 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 -E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 240 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1 -144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 -E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 -G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a) +(not, the v)144 285.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 297.6 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 297.6 Q F1 +144 309.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 321.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti) +-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 333.6 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 345.6 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.258 E -F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne).15 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E -F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +144 357.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .757 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 369.6 R F2(start)3.257 +E F0(and)3.258 E F2(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.758(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.758 E 1.058 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .758(nd ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 381.6 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 (are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -144 336 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h) --.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q +144 393.6 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 393.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 405.6 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 360 Q -F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 360 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 372 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 384 Q F1144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 396 Q F1 -144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 420 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 432 R .475 +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 417.6 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 417.6 R .773 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 429.6 R +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E +(sion.)180 441.6 Q F1144 453.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 453.6 Q F1 +144 465.6 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 465.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 477.6 Q F0 .625 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 477.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 489.6 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 456 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 468 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(normal history e)180 501.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 513.6 Q F0 +.362(Store the)180 513.6 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 525.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 542.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R 1.795 +.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 554.4 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 566.4 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 578.4 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 544.8 Q(fset) --.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 602.4 Q(fset) +-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 -F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 556.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 573.6 Q F0([) +F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F1 +3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 614.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 631.2 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 585.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 597.6 Q .3 -.15 +(jobs \255x)108 643.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 655.2 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 609.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 609.6 Q F1 -144 621.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 621.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 633.6 Q F1 -144 645.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 657.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 657.6 Q F1144 669.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 669.6 Q(If)144 686.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 698.4 Q -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 715.2 R F1 -2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 727.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 667.2 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 667.2 Q F1 +144 679.2 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 679.2 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 691.2 Q F1 +144 703.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 703.2 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 715.2 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(65)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 -(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 -(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E -F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) -2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 -.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +SF144 84 Q F0(Display only stopped jobs.)180 84 Q(If)144 100.8 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .313(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F +5.314(.T)-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 +112.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 +129.6 R F12.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs) +2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394 +(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 +E F0 .394(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 +141.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E +F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.) +-.15 E F1(kill)108 158.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|) +2.5 E F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A +F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..) +-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 170.4 Q F0(|)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec) +A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119 +(Send the signal named by)144 182.4 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E +F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 +E F0(or)3.39 E F2(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 +E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 194.4 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 206.4 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 144 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 -2.877 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R -(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 218.4 Q .523(gument of)-.18 +F F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 230.4 +R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 242.4 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F +F12.878 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 254.4 +R(The)5.962 E F13.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F13.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) +(successfully sent, or f)144 266.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 283.2 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +295.2 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 307.2 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 324 Q F0([)2.5 E +F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 336 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 348 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 +G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 +E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.063 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.243 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 -(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +360 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422 +(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) +5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 372 R F1 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 384 R F1(set)4.062 E +F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 396 R 1.244 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 +(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 +(error to use)144 408 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) -108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) +144 420 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 +E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 +436.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 436.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 453.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R +(])A .18(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 477.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 415.2 R -F13.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 439.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 439.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 451.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(arr)2.679 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.679(,o).32 G 2.679(rf)-2.679 G .179 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.679 F F2(fd)4.649 E F0 1.248(if the)144 489.6 +R F13.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 501.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 513.6 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 513.6 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 525.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 463.2 Q F0(Cop)180 463.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 537.6 Q F0(Cop)180 537.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 475.2 Q F0(Be)180 -475.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1144 549.6 Q F0(Be)180 +549.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5 -(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 487.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 487.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -144 499.2 Q F0(Remo)180 499.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 561.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 561.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +144 573.6 Q F0(Remo)180 573.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 511.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 511.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 523.2 Q F0(Ev)180 -523.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 585.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 597.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +597.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 535.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 535.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 552 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 609.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 609.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 626.4 Q F12.967 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 564 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 576 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 588 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 604.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 638.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 +G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 650.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 662.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 679.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 621.6 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 696 Q F0 1.906 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 708 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -674.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 686.4 Q F1144 698.4 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 698.4 R .551 -(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(66)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 96 -S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E -F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 -108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) -180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) -3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 -E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 -E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable) +SF(popd)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 96 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.) +-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F +1.479(stack, and performs a)144 108 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne) +3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18 +(rg)-6.479 G 1.478(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +1.478(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 120 Q F1144 132 Q +F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 132 R +.551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 144 Q F1(+)144 156 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 +.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +168 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 180 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E +F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 192 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3 +(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 208.8 +R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 +E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1 +(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 220.8 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F +-.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 232.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 261.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 +E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F13.936 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 273.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 285.6 Q(The)144 309.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) -2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 333.6 R .036 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 345.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 +E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 357.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 369.6 Q F0(causes)180 369.6 Q F1(printf) +2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 381.6 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 393.6 Q F0(causes)180 393.6 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 +(input.)180 405.6 Q F1(%\()144 417.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 429.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 441.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +453.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 465.6 R +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) +3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 477.6 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q -.464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ -ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 -(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259 +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 489.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 506.4 Q +.463(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ +ts, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259 +(minus sign is allo)144 518.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 +-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 530.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 547.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 487.2 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 559.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 571.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ -tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25 -G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416 +108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ +ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 612 R 3.14(wt)-.25 +G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 624 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A) +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 636 R 6.625(.A) -.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1 -144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 -1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 648 Q F1 +144 660 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ + rotating or adding directories to the)180 660 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 672 Q F1(+)144 684 Q +F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 684 R F2(n)3.767 E F0 +1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 696 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1144 708 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 708 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 660 Q F0(Adds)180 660 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) --.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 672 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 688.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 -E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 700.8 R F2(dir) -3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 -F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 712.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ - directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 724.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +F F1(dirs)180 720 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(67)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 96 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -108 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) -144 120 R(the)3.264 E F13.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2 -(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.817(][)C F1-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 --3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E -F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A -([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q -F13.848 E F0 1.348(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348 -(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347 -(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G -1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)144.35 84 Q F0(Adds)180 84 Q F1(dir)3.137 E F0 +.287(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788 +(wc)-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 96 Q(gument to the)-.18 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 +112.8 R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2 +(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 +(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 124.8 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G +3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 +1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 136.8 +R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ +s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 +148.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 +165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 177.6 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +189.6 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 201.6 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 213.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 225.6 Q F2 -.18(re)108 242.4 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1 +(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2 +-3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E +F1(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(pr) +3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 +3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 254.4 Q F1(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 266.4 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 278.4 Q F23.847 E F0 1.347 +(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 290.4 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 220.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 302.4 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0 -5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) --.25 F .723 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 314.4 Q F0 +5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) +-.25 F .722 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 244.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 -(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 -(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 256.8 R .197 -(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 268.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) -C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 +F .531(assigned empty v)144 326.4 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 +(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 +(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 338.4 R .197 +(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 350.4 R F2(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) +C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -280.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 304.8 R 1.049 +362.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 374.4 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) +180 386.4 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 -(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -1.318(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 352.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +-.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F +F1(aname)180.33 398.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 410.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E +F0 1.317(The \214rst character of)180 422.4 R F1(delim)3.817 E F0 1.317 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.817 F 3.818 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 434.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -144 364.8 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 376.8 R .218 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +144 446.4 Q F0 .373 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 446.4 R F2 -.18 +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) +2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E +.218(to obtain the line.)180 458.4 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1144 400.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 400.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 412.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 -(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 -(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 448.8 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) --.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 -460.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 472.8 S(ad).18 E -F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 484.8 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 496.8 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 508.8 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 520.8 S .669 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 482.4 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 482.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 494.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 506.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 518.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 +(returns after reading)3.894 F F1(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of) +-.1 F(input, b)180 530.4 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) +-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 +542.4 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 554.4 S(ad).18 E +F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(nc)3.769 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 566.4 R F2 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 578.4 +R F2 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F1(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 590.4 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 602.4 S .67 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 532.8 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 544.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 556.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 568.8 Q +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2180 614.4 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2144 626.4 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 638.4 Q F1(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 650.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 580.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 580.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 592.8 Q +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 +144 662.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 662.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 674.4 Q (In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E -(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1144 -604.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 604.8 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 616.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 628.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 640.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 652.8 Q -(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ -g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -664.8 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 676.8 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 688.8 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 700.8 R 1.12 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 -(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 712.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F2144 +686.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 686.4 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2 +144 698.4 Q F1(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.928 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 722.4 R F1(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F1(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(68)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .772 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(with a fractional portion follo)180 84 Q(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E +(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is reading input from\ + a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 96 R .505 +(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 108 R .589(gular \214les.) +-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.089 F +F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G +.889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F +-.25(va)180 120 S(riable).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 +5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re) +2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27 +(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12 +(The e)180 132 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G +1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 144 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E +F1144 156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 +156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477(If no)144 172.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 184.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .773 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F +-.25(va)144 196.8 S 2.004 +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 208.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F13.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +321.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 398.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 -338.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E -F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 -(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 -(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144 +410.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) +3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39 +(determine the status is the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) +.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 434.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 +.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 +E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 +(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) +144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 470.4 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 482.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 494.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 -(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 506.4 Q F1 +(set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .835 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 -.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R 1.623 +.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 559.2 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 571.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 583.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. 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See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 -(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 108 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G -2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -144 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 3.965(ace. This) --.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -180 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q -F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -222 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1 -144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 282 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F12.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +SF(nounset)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd) +184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 108 Q +(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 108 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 +120 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)224 120 R 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 132 R +1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 144 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 156 Q F0 +2.091(Change the beha)224 156 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 +168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 180 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G +2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 +192 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 204 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +216 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 228 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 240 Q F0 1.465 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 240 R 3.966(ace. This) +-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 +252 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 282 Q +F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +294 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 306 Q F1 +144 318 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 318 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 330 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)184 342 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 354 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 366 R F12.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1144 342 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 390 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 402 Q F1144 414 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 414 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1144 426 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 426 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 438 R 2.683 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 450 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -390 Q F1144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R +462 Q F1144 474 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 474 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 486 Q F0 .315(After e)184 486 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 +498 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 510 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578 +144 522 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 522 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 534 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 546 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 546 R F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 558 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 -(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 -144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 570 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685 +.15 F(tor)184 570 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 582 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 582 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 594 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 606 Q F1 +144 618 Q F0(Enable)184 618 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 630 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 642 Q F0 .96 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 642 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 +(that change the current w)184 654 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 666 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 678 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +690 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 690 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 654 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R -F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 -718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 -(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 -(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 714 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(71)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 -124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) -2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F -(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) -2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 -(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H -.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) --5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 -R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 -(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 -(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 -(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF144 84 Q F0 .4(If no ar)184 84 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901 +(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.) +-2.901 F(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 +96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 108 Q F0 1.945 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 108 R F2(ar)4.444 E +(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 120 R F1 +3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 +148.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F12.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 302.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F12.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.326 E F0 .825 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 237.6 R F2 -(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 -(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 -(options. The)144 249.6 R F12.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ -o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 -E(options ha)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 273.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 285.6 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 285.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 297.6 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 -E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 333.6 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 333.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 314.4 R .825 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F +.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 326.4 R F2 +(optnames)3.052 E F0 .551 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549 +(options. The)144 338.4 R F12.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \ +to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other) +5.05 E(options ha)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 362.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +362.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 374.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 374.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +386.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 386.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 398.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 +E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 410.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 422.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 422.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 350.4 R F1 -3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 439.2 R F1 +3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 -(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 +(set or unset, respecti)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 374.4 Q(ault.) +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 463.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +480 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 415.2 Q(The list of)144 432 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 450 Q F0 1.944 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 462 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.945 -(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 474 R .857 +144 492 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 504 Q(The list of)144 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 538.8 Q F0 1.945 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 550.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 562.8 R .857 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 486 Q F1(autocd)144 498 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 498 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 510 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 574.8 Q F1(autocd)144 586.8 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 586.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 598.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 522 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 534 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 610.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 622.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 546 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 558 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 634.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 646.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -558 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 570 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 582 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +646.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 658.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 670.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 594 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 606 Q F0 .737 -(If set,)184 618 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 630 -Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 642 Q -F0 .448(If set,)184 654 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 666 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 678 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 690 Q -.1(wa)-.1 -G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 702 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -714 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 -(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 726 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G -(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(the command proceeds.)184 682.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 694.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 706.8 R F1(bash)3.236 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 +718.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(72)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(cmdhist)144 84 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +SF(checkjobs)144 84 Q F0 .449(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 108 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 120 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 132 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 144 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +156 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 +(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 168 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G +(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2 +(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 180 Q F0 1.202 +(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -96 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 108 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 -(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)184 120 Q(OR)-.162 E -(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(compat31)144 132 Q F0 .42 -(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 -F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 156 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 -(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +192 Q 6.132(.T)-.65 G 1.132(his allo)-6.132 F 1.132 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.133 +(This option is enabled by)6.133 F(def)184 204 Q .614(ault, b)-.1 F .614 +(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .613 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .913 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 216 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 +(compat31)144 228 Q F0 .419(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419 +(changes its beha)2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) +184 252 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 +(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 168 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +(using the)184 264 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) -.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 180 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 +(use ASCII collation and)184 276 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 192 Q F4(str) -2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 204 Q F0 1.41(If set,) -184 216 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 228 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 288 Q F4(str)2.5 +E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 300 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 +312 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +(string comparison when using the)184 324 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 240 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 252 Q +2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 336 R .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 348 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 264 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 -1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 288 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 -(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 300 R -F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) --.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -312 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 -(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 324 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 336 Q F0 1.483(If set,) -184 348 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) -3.983 E F0 1.484 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 -(ex)184 360 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G -.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 -(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 372 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 384 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 396 Q F1(compat42)144 408 Q -F0 1.796(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +F1(compat40)144 360 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 372 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 +(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 384 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 +(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) +4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 396 R F1 +(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F +(ersions)-.15 E .086 +(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 408 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) +-.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 420 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 432 Q F0 1.524(If set,) +184 444 R F1(bash)4.024 E F0 4.024(,w)C 1.524(hen in)-4.024 F F4 1.524 +(posix mode)4.024 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.523 +(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 +456 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G .959 +(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459(nn).15 +G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 468 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 +(posix mode through v)184 480 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 492 Q F1(compat42)144 504 Q +F0 1.797(If set,)184 516 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 432 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 444 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 456 R F1 -(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 468 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 480 S .353 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 528 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 540 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 552 R F1 +(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 564 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 +(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 576 S .352 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) --.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 492 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 -F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F -(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 -.374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 516 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(compat44)144 528 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +-.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) +-2.853 E -.1(fa)184 588 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F +.374(function is e)184 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F +(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 +.375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F +(the caller')184 612 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 624 Q F0 .442(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)2.942 E F0(sa) 2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) --2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 -552 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +-2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .441(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 +648 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 564 Q F0 .654 -(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ -ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 588 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 660 Q F0 .653 +(If set,)184 672 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 +(forming completion.)184 684 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -600 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 612 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 624 R 1.073 -(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 -(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 636 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 -(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 -(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -648 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 660 Q -(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 672 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 -(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -696 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 708 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +696 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 708 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 +(This means)5.028 F 2.909(that dollar signs in v)184 720 R 2.909 +(ariable names that e)-.25 F 2.909 +(xpand to directories will not be quoted;)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 June 8)150.675 E(73)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dirspell)144 84 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(ho)184 84 Q(we) +-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.703 -.4(r, a).15 H 2.203 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.902 +(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F +6.902(.T)-.55 G 1.902(his is)-6.902 F(acti)184 96 Q .672 -.15(ve o)-.25 +H .372 +(nly when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.).15 +F .373(This v)5.373 F(ariable)-.25 E(is set by def)184 108 Q +(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 120 Q(expand) +-.18 E F0 .487(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +144 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 168 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +168 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 96 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 108 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 180 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 192 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 120 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 204 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 132 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 132 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 144 Q(gument to the)-.18 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 216 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti) +184 216 R 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.386 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 228 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 156 Q F0 .717 -(If set, aliases are e)184 168 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 240 Q F0 .716 +(If set, aliases are e)184 252 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 180 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 192 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 204 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 -(cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 216 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 -2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 228 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 240 Q F0(The)220 240 Q F14.25 -E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 264 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 276 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 288 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 +(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F +.22(identical to the)184 300 R F12.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 +(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 +(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 312 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 324 Q F0(The)220 324 Q F14.251 +E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 252 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 264 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -264 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 276 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 288 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 288 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 300 S .488 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 336 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 348 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +348 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 360 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 372 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)220 372 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 384 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 312 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 396 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 324 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 324 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 -(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 336 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 348 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 348 R -(shells in)220 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 408 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 408 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 420 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 432 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 432 R +(shells in)220 444 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 372 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 372 R(in)220 384 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 456 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 456 R(in)220 468 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 396 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 396 R .4 +(extglob)144 480 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 480 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 408 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 432 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 492 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 504 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 516 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 456 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 456 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 468 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 480 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 492 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 528 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 540 Q F0 +1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 540 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 552 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 564 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.937(If set, the suf)184 576 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 504 R .32 +-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 588 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 516 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) -184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 540 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 552 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 564 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 +(pletions. See)184 600 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) +184 612 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 624 Q F0 2.518 +(If set, range e)184 636 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 648 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 576 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 660 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 588 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 600 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 612 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 612 R F1(**)3.019 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 624 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -636 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 648 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 660 Q F1(histappend)144 -672 Q F0 .676 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -684 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 696 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 672 R F1(A) +3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 684 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 696 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 696 R F1(**)3.018 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 708 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(74)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(histr)144 84 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re) -3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 108 Q F1(histv)144 120 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are written in t\ +he standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q F1(histappend)144 108 Q +F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +120 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 +-.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 132 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 144 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 156 R F1 -.18(re) +3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 168 Q F1(histv)144 180 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 144 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 156 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 204 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 216 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 168 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -192 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 -216 Q F0(If set,)184 228 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) -2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H -(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 240 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 -.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 252 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 264 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 288 R 2.83 -(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 -.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F -.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 300 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 -312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 324 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +(hostcomplete)144 228 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +252 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 276 Q F0(If set,) +184 288 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 300 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 312 R .219(alue of the) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 324 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 336 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 348 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 360 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 372 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 384 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 348 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 396 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 408 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) +184 408 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 360 Q +3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 420 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 372 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 384 R +(localv)144 432 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 444 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -396 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 408 Q -F1(login_shell)144 420 Q F0 .486 +456 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 468 Q +F1(login_shell)144 480 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -432 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 444 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 456 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -468 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 480 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +492 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 504 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 516 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +528 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 540 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 492 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 516 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 528 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 552 S +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 552 +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 576 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 588 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 600 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 612 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 564 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -576 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 624 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +636 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F .551(while e)184 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 600 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 612 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 624 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) -3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 648 S -(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -660 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -672 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 684 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 696 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 708 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 720 -S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(wo)184 660 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 672 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 684 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 696 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) +3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 708 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(75)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)144 96 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(pr)144 84 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 96 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 +F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 108 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 120 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 132 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 144 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) +-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 156 Q(ault.)-.1 E +F1 -.18(re)144 168 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo) -184 120 Q 2.86(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36 -(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 +184 180 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 192 Q 2.86 +(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 132 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 204 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 144 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 156 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 168 Q F1(sour) -144 180 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 192 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 204 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 216 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 228 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 256.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 268.8 R F1 -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 280.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 216 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 228 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 240 Q F1(sour) +144 252 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 264 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 276 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 288 Q F0(If set, the)184 300 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 328.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 340.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 352.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 297.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 309.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 309.6 R .877 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 321.6 +E F1(test)108 369.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 381.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 381.6 R .878 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 393.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 333.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 345.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 363.6 R .786 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 375.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 387.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 399.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 411.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 411.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 +(primaries described abo)144 405.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E +F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 417.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 435.6 R .785 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 +(dence. The)144 447.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 459.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 471.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 471.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 483.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 483.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 423.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 435.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 447.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 459.6 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 495.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 507.6 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 519.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 531.6 S (pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -471.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 488.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +543.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 560.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 506.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 518.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 530.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 542.4 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 578.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 590.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 602.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 614.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 554.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 566.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 626.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 638.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 578.4 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 590.4 Q .553 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 650.4 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 662.4 Q .552 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 602.4 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 674.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 626.4 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 686.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 698.4 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 638.4 R 1.155 -.15 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 710.4 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 650.4 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 722.4 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 662.4 R(The)6.333 E F13.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F13.832 E F0 1.332 -(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 674.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 -F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F -.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -686.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 698.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 -(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 710.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(guments)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(76)199.835 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(4a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 96 R .385 -(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 108 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 132 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 -E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 144 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 156 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 174 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or) -2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 -E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 -E F1(times)108 190.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ -imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 190.8 R -(The return status is 0.)144 202.8 Q F1(trap)108 219.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 231.6 R F2(ar) -3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 243.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.332 +(as operands.)180 84 R(The)6.332 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.832 E F0 +(and)3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 96 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F +.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 +(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 +E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 108 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 120 Q +.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 +F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 132 Q +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 144 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 +(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 +(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 168 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 180 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 192 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 204 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 234 Q F1(test) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 250.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 250.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +262.8 Q F1(trap)108 279.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .702(The command)144 291.6 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 303.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 255.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +.658(\(the v)144 315.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 267.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 279.6 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 291.6 R F13.36 +144.34 327.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 339.6 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 351.6 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 303.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 315.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 327.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 -(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 -1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) -4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) --.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 -357.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F -F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 369.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) -2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 381.6 R F3 .145 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 393.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 -G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 405.6 Q F2(ar) -3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 363.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 375.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 387.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648 +(If a)144 405.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 +1.648(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 +417.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F +F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 +(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 429.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e) +2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 441.6 R F3 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 453.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 465.6 Q F2(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 417.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 435.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) -3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) --.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ -urns a non\255zero e)144 447.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 459.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR) -2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 -(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 471.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 477.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 495.6 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E +F3(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 507.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 +519.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 531.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 +(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 543.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 495.6 R +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 555.6 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 507.6 Q +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 567.6 Q (yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 (\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -525.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 537.6 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 549.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +585.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 597.6 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 609.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) -.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 578.4 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) -3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1144 590.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +626.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 638.4 S .173 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) +3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F1144 650.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 602.4 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 614.4 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 626.4 R .855 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 662.4 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 674.4 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 686.4 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -638.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 650.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1 -2.612 E F0(and)144 662.4 Q F13.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 -F .731 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1 -144 674.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 686.4 R F1 -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 -(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 698.4 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 710.4 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) -5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 698.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F13.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 710.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E +F0(and)144 722.4 Q F13.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F +.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) +-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(77)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([) -2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .244 -(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 -(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +SF144 84 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 +1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.748(cutable named).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.249 E F0 6.749 +(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 96 R F1 +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 108 R F13.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F13.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 120 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326 +E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 132 Q F1(ulimit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +160.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 +(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 108 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F(The) -5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 172.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208(\ -hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\ -t limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 196.8 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +208.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +.742(of the special v)144 220.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 180 R F12.999 E F0 .499 -(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 244.8 R F12.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 192 Q 2.5(alue. Other) --.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1144 204 -Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 204 Q F1144 216 Q F0 -(The maximum sock)180 216 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1 -144 228 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 228 Q F1 -144 240 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 240 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G -(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 252 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 252 Q F1144 264 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -264 Q F1144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 276 -Q F1144 288 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 288 Q F1 -144 300 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 300 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1144 312 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 312 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 324 Q -F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 324 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 336 Q F1144 348 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 348 Q F1 -144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 360 Q F1144 372 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 372 Q F1144 384 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 384 Q F1144 396 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 396 Q F1144 408 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 420 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 432 -Q F1144 444 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 444 Q F1 -144 456 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 456 Q F1 -144 468 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 468 Q(If)144 484.8 -Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the) -.15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 -E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 -2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -508.8 R F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 256.8 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 +144 268.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 268.8 Q F1 +144 280.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 280.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F1144 292.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 292.8 Q F1144 304.8 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 304.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 316.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 316.8 Q F1144 +328.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +328.8 Q F1144 340.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +340.8 Q F1144 352.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 352.8 Q F1 +144 364.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 364.8 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 376.8 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 376.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 388.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 388.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 400.8 Q F1144 412.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 412.8 Q F1 +144 424.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 424.8 Q F1 +144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 436.8 +Q F1144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 448.8 Q F1144 +460.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 460.8 Q F1 +144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 472.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 484.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 484.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +496.8 Q F1144 508.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +508.8 Q F1144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +520.8 Q F1144 532.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 532.8 Q +(If)144 549.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 +(no option is gi)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 +2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 +573.6 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 -4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 520.8 R 1.438 -(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F13.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F13.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 532.8 R +4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C +1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 585.6 R 1.476 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.976 E F0(and)3.976 E +F13.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 597.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -544.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +609.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 626.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 573.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 638.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 585.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -597.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 650.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +662.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 609.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 674.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 621.6 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 633.6 Q +(mode)144.38 686.4 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 698.4 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 662.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 691.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 703.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 -3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 -(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F13.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 715.2 Q F0 1.551 -(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 727.2 R F1 -4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 -2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(78)199.835 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)2.537 E F0 .037(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2 -(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0 -(will)2.537 E .492(be unset rather than the v)144 96 R .492 -(ariable it references.)-.25 F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F -.492(fect if the)-.25 F F12.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.) -2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F .221(options are supplied, each)144 108 R F2 -(name)2.721 E F0 .221(refers to a v)2.721 F .22 -(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F -2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188(tion with that name is unset.)144 120 -R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E -3.206(passed to subsequent commands.)144 132 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q 1.955 -.15 +(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)4.155 E F0 1.655 +(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E +F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 108 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 +3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 +(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 +(If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 148.8 Q F0 1.55 +(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 160.8 R F1 +4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 +F(remo)144 172.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 +(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 184.8 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 +2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 +(options are supplied, each)144 196.8 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 +(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 208.8 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G +1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 220.8 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 144 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 232.8 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 156 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 172.8 Q +F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 +244.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -184.8 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ -nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) -3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 196.8 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 -G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.009 E F2(id)144.01 208.8 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +273.6 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ +nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process) +3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 285.6 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 +G .008(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.008 E F2(id)144.01 297.6 Q F0 .521(is not gi)3.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 220.8 Q F1 -3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.522 E(the)144 309.6 Q F1 +3.057 E F0 .557(option is supplied,)3.057 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 -(If the)5.557 F F13.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 232.8 R F1(wait) -3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 -(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755 -(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 244.8 R(If)5.756 -E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 256.8 +(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .556 +(If the)5.556 F F13.056 E F0 .586 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 321.6 R F1(wait) +3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .587 +(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .756 +(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 333.6 R(If)5.756 +E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .755(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .755 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 345.6 R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 -268.8 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 285.6 Q F0 -(If)108 297.6 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 +357.6 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 374.4 Q F0 +(If)108 386.4 Q F1(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1 -4.397 E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 309.6 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E -(beha)108 321.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 +4.397 E F0 1.896(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. 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